Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Sternal notch
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

2. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Generator and electrode

3. What is tricuspid atresia
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ventricles
Mechanical or biologic

4. What is systole
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart

5. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Sternal notch
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

6. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

7. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

8. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Sternal notch
Ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

9. What is the rastelli procedure
Chordae tendineae
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Localized narrowing of the aorta

10. What are non-sterile procedures
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
Chordae tendineae
Done on the aerodigestive tract

11. what covers the heart
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

12. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
The contraction phase of the heart
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Water

13. What are cyanotic defects
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
A single artery arising from both ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

14. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mechanical or biologic
Mitral valve
Atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

15. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Chordae tendineae

16. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
72 bpm
The contraction phase of the heart
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

17. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Pericardial fluid
Mechanical or biologic

18. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Upper chambers - atria
4
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

19. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Atria
Right atrium or venae cavae

20. How many pulmonary veins are there
Lower chambers - ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle
There are 4
Water

21. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

22. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Chordae tendineae
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

23. What is the name for the lower chambers
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

24. What does the umbilical vein become
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ductus venosus
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

25. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta

26. What are the layers of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

27. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Atria

28. What is a ventricular septal defect
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

29. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
72 bpm
Water

30. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Water
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

31. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae
72 bpm
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

32. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Localized narrowing of the aorta
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

33. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

34. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Disease of the heart muscle
Atria
4
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

35. What does the cardiac cycle include
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Disease of the heart muscle
Ligamentum venosum
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

36. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
72 bpm
Lower chambers - ventricles
Generator and electrode

37. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Before the third week of gestation
Mechanical or biologic

38. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
The relaxation phase of the heart
Localized narrowing of the aorta

39. What is coarctation of the aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
There are 4
4

40. What is the location of the heart
Pericardial fluid
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

41. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

42. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ductus venosus

43. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ligamentum venosum
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

44. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
Ligamentum venosum
Ductus venosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

45. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Pericardial fluid
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Water

46. How many chambers in the heart
Ductus venosus
Pericardial fluid
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
4

47. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
72 bpm

48. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

49. What is the circulation through the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

50. What is cardiac tamponade
72 bpm
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium