Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Pericardial fluid
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Upper chambers - atria

2. What is cardiac tamponade
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

3. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ligamentum venosum
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

4. What are the layers of the heart
The relaxation phase of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

5. What is tricuspid atresia
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

6. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Upper chambers - atria
Right atrium or venae cavae
Water
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

7. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Ventricles
Water
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

8. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Lower chambers - ventricles
Mitral valve
Generator and electrode
Before the third week of gestation

9. What does the umbilical vein become
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ligamentum venosum
Ductus venosus
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

10. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Chordae tendineae
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Atria

11. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Generator and electrode

12. What are acyanotic defects
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Water
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

13. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Mitral valve
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Water

14. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Disease of the heart muscle
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Upper chambers - atria

15. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Disease of the heart muscle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

16. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Chordae tendineae
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Lower chambers - ventricles

17. What is cardiomyopathy
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Disease of the heart muscle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

18. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
72 bpm
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

19. What is systole
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
There are 4
The contraction phase of the heart
Localized narrowing of the aorta

20. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Chordae tendineae
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

21. What is an atrial septal defect
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
The contraction phase of the heart

22. What is bradycardia
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ligamentum venosum

23. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Disease of the heart muscle
Upper chambers - atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
A single artery arising from both ventricles

24. What is the circulation through the heart
Ligamentum venosum
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
From the ascending aorta
Lower chambers - ventricles

25. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

26. What is the location of the heart
Mitral valve
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

27. What is a ventricular septal defect
There are 4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Upper chambers - atria
Lower chambers - ventricles

28. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Generator and electrode
There are 4
The contraction phase of the heart

29. What is pulmonary stenosis
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

30. How many pulmonary veins are there
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
There are 4

31. What is diastole
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
The relaxation phase of the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

32. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

33. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
4
Mechanical or biologic
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

34. How many chambers in the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
4

35. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

36. What is the rastelli procedure
Mechanical or biologic
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta

37. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Sternal notch
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
4

38. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Chordae tendineae
Right atrium or venae cavae
From the ascending aorta

39. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart

40. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Chordae tendineae
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

41. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

42. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

43. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Sternal notch

44. What is the name for the upper chambers
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Upper chambers - atria
Atria
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

45. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Lower chambers - ventricles
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

46. Where does the coronary artery arise
4
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
From the ascending aorta
Before the third week of gestation

47. What is the most common chest deformity
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
4
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

48. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
The relaxation phase of the heart
Chordae tendineae

49. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
There are 4
Ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

50. What are non-sterile procedures
Pericardial fluid
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ligamentum venosum