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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the name for the upper chambers
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Atria
Mitral valve
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

2. what vessels are used for CPBG
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

3. What are the layers of the heart
Upper chambers - atria
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Lower chambers - ventricles
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

4. What are non-sterile procedures
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Done on the aerodigestive tract

5. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

6. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Mechanical or biologic

7. What are cyanotic defects
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ligamentum venosum

8. Where does the coronary artery arise
Ligamentum venosum
There are 4
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
From the ascending aorta

9. What is the rastelli procedure
Mechanical or biologic
Localized narrowing of the aorta
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

10. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Right atrium or venae cavae

11. When does development of the heart begin
Water
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Before the third week of gestation
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

12. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Before the third week of gestation
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Lower chambers - ventricles

13. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Generator and electrode

14. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

15. What is the bundle of his
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Sternal notch

16. What is the most common chest deformity
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
There are 4
Mitral valve
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

17. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Before the third week of gestation
Ligamentum venosum

18. which chambers receive blood from the veins
The relaxation phase of the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Upper chambers - atria
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

19. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Generator and electrode
Right atrium or venae cavae
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

20. How many chambers in the heart
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
4
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

21. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Ductus venosus
4
Water
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

22. What arteries supply the heart
Sternal notch
Ductus venosus
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

23. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ventricles
Sternal notch
Pericardial fluid

24. What is the location of the heart
Atria
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

25. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Atria
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

26. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Pericardial fluid

27. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Ductus venosus
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Pericardial fluid

28. What are acyanotic defects
Mitral valve
Done on the aerodigestive tract
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

29. What is a ventricular septal defect
Atria
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae

30. what covers the heart
There are 4
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
From the ascending aorta

31. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Done on the aerodigestive tract

32. What does the cardiac cycle include
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

33. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
The contraction phase of the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

34. What is bradycardia
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

35. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Lower chambers - ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

36. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
There are 4

37. What does the umbilical vein become
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ductus venosus
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

38. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Generator and electrode
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

39. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Sternal notch
Ligamentum venosum

40. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Mitral valve
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
From the ascending aorta

41. What is the name for the lower chambers
Water
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
72 bpm
Ventricles

42. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

43. How many pulmonary veins are there
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
There are 4
Sternal notch

44. What is pulmonary stenosis
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

45. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Upper chambers - atria

46. What is an atrial septal defect
The relaxation phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
72 bpm

47. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

48. What is cardiac tamponade
The relaxation phase of the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Localized narrowing of the aorta

49. What is cardiomyopathy
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
4
Disease of the heart muscle
Chordae tendineae

50. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
72 bpm
The relaxation phase of the heart