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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Generator and electrode
Mechanical or biologic
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

2. What does the cardiac cycle include
Water
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Pericardial fluid

3. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Disease of the heart muscle
Pericardial fluid

4. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ligamentum venosum
Localized narrowing of the aorta

5. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
4
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Lower chambers - ventricles

6. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Mitral valve
Atria
Disease of the heart muscle

7. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Mechanical or biologic
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

8. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

9. What are the layers of the heart
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

10. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
From the ascending aorta
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

11. What arteries supply the heart
The relaxation phase of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Mechanical or biologic
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

12. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Done on the aerodigestive tract
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Generator and electrode
Chordae tendineae

13. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Right atrium or venae cavae
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Water

14. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
Mitral valve
Mechanical or biologic
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

15. What are non-sterile procedures
There are 4
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Done on the aerodigestive tract
A single artery arising from both ventricles

16. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ventricles
Sternal notch

17. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Generator and electrode
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

18. What is coarctation of the aorta
Pericardial fluid
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

19. What is a ventricular septal defect
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

20. How many pulmonary veins are there
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
There are 4
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

21. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

22. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Atria
Ligamentum venosum
Done on the aerodigestive tract

23. What is the location of the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Mechanical or biologic

24. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Disease of the heart muscle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

25. What is the most common chest deformity
Atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Mechanical or biologic

26. what covers the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

27. What is the name for the lower chambers
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

28. What is the circulation through the heart
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Generator and electrode
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

29. What is an atrial septal defect
Chordae tendineae
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
A single artery arising from both ventricles

30. When does development of the heart begin
The relaxation phase of the heart
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Before the third week of gestation
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

31. What is the rastelli procedure
Disease of the heart muscle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

32. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Water
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

33. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
The contraction phase of the heart
From the ascending aorta
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

34. What does the umbilical vein become
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ductus venosus

35. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricles

36. What are cyanotic defects
Water
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
From the ascending aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

37. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ligamentum venosum
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

38. what vessels are used for CPBG
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Water
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

39. How many chambers in the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ventricles
There are 4
4

40. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ductus venosus
Generator and electrode
Water

41. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ductus venosus
Ligamentum venosum
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

42. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Water
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

43. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
4
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Mechanical or biologic

44. What is bradycardia
Generator and electrode
Right atrium or venae cavae
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

45. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Ligamentum venosum
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

46. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Right atrium or venae cavae
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
72 bpm
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

47. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
The relaxation phase of the heart
4
Generator and electrode
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

48. which chambers receive blood from the veins
4
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
The relaxation phase of the heart
Upper chambers - atria

49. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
Ventricles
4
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

50. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
72 bpm
Disease of the heart muscle