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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the layers of the heart
Disease of the heart muscle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
72 bpm

2. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Before the third week of gestation
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

3. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Mitral valve
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

4. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Chordae tendineae
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

5. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Atria
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

6. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
The relaxation phase of the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

7. What does the umbilical vein become
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Mitral valve
Ductus venosus
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

8. What is tricuspid atresia
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

9. What is the bundle of his
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

10. What are cyanotic defects
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Chordae tendineae
Ventricles

11. What is the circulation through the heart
Sternal notch
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

12. What does the cardiac cycle include
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

13. what vessels are used for CPBG
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

14. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta
72 bpm
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

15. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Upper chambers - atria
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

16. What is bradycardia
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
From the ascending aorta

17. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Ductus venosus
72 bpm
Upper chambers - atria
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

18. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart

19. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Atria
Before the third week of gestation
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

20. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Before the third week of gestation

21. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Chordae tendineae
Sternal notch
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

22. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
Sternal notch
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Water

23. What is the location of the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
72 bpm
Water
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

24. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
The relaxation phase of the heart
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ligamentum venosum

25. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
72 bpm
There are 4
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

26. what covers the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ligamentum venosum
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

27. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Chordae tendineae
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

28. What is cardiomyopathy
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ligamentum venosum
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Disease of the heart muscle

29. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Sternal notch
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Mitral valve

30. What is diastole
Sternal notch
Upper chambers - atria
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart

31. What are acyanotic defects
Mitral valve
Ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Sternal notch

32. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ligamentum venosum
Mechanical or biologic

33. What is cardiac tamponade
Before the third week of gestation
Sternal notch
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Chordae tendineae

34. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

35. How many chambers in the heart
Mitral valve
4
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

36. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
72 bpm

37. What is systole
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart
Ventricles

38. What is the most common chest deformity
The contraction phase of the heart
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

39. What are non-sterile procedures
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Chordae tendineae
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

40. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
From the ascending aorta

41. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Generator and electrode
The relaxation phase of the heart

42. What is the name for the upper chambers
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Atria
Mitral valve
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

43. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

44. When does development of the heart begin
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Generator and electrode
Before the third week of gestation

45. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

46. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Ductus venosus
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
The contraction phase of the heart

47. What is the name for the lower chambers
From the ascending aorta
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ventricles

48. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Water
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Mitral valve

49. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ligamentum venosum
There are 4
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

50. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays