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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ventricles
Before the third week of gestation
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

2. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ductus venosus
Ligamentum venosum

3. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Upper chambers - atria
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

4. How many pulmonary veins are there
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
There are 4
Ductus venosus

5. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Atria
The relaxation phase of the heart
Disease of the heart muscle
Generator and electrode

6. What does the umbilical vein become
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ductus venosus

7. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ligamentum venosum
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

8. What are the layers of the heart
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

9. What is cardiac tamponade
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Upper chambers - atria
Disease of the heart muscle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

10. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Generator and electrode
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Before the third week of gestation

11. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Water
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

12. What is the name for the lower chambers
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Right atrium or venae cavae
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ventricles

13. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Generator and electrode
Atria

14. What is diastole
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The relaxation phase of the heart
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Upper chambers - atria

15. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
There are 4
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Disease of the heart muscle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

16. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

17. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
There are 4
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

18. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Mechanical or biologic
Generator and electrode
From the ascending aorta

19. What is the most common chest deformity
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ductus venosus

20. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Upper chambers - atria
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
72 bpm

21. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Pericardial fluid
Atria

22. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Mitral valve

23. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Atria
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

24. What are non-sterile procedures
Upper chambers - atria
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Right atrium or venae cavae
Done on the aerodigestive tract

25. What is coarctation of the aorta
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae

26. what vessels are used for CPBG
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Before the third week of gestation

27. How many chambers in the heart
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
4
Chordae tendineae
Mitral valve

28. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Water
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

29. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Lower chambers - ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle

30. What is systole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Atria
The contraction phase of the heart

31. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ligamentum venosum
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

32. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

33. What is the location of the heart
There are 4
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Lower chambers - ventricles

34. What is a ventricular septal defect
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Disease of the heart muscle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

35. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Upper chambers - atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Sternal notch
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

36. What is the rastelli procedure
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

37. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Before the third week of gestation

38. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Mitral valve
The contraction phase of the heart
Sternal notch

39. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
72 bpm
Sternal notch

40. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Ductus venosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

41. What does the cardiac cycle include
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Disease of the heart muscle
Mitral valve
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

42. Where does the coronary artery arise
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
From the ascending aorta

43. What are acyanotic defects
Water
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Before the third week of gestation
Ligamentum venosum

44. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Ductus venosus
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Water
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

45. What is the circulation through the heart
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

46. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
From the ascending aorta
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Lower chambers - ventricles

47. What is bradycardia
Sternal notch
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
There are 4

48. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Lower chambers - ventricles
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Disease of the heart muscle

49. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
From the ascending aorta

50. What is the name for the upper chambers
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Atria