Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Right atrium or venae cavae
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Mitral valve
Ligamentum venosum

2. How many chambers in the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
4

3. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Generator and electrode
There are 4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

4. What is cardiac tamponade
Mechanical or biologic
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Disease of the heart muscle
Pericardial fluid

5. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Chordae tendineae

6. What is pulmonary stenosis
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ligamentum venosum

7. What is the circulation through the heart
The contraction phase of the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Generator and electrode

8. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ductus venosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles

9. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

10. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

11. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Right atrium or venae cavae
Mechanical or biologic
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
72 bpm

12. What is systole
Mechanical or biologic
The contraction phase of the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

13. What does the umbilical vein become
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ductus venosus
Chordae tendineae
Mechanical or biologic

14. What is tricuspid atresia
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Localized narrowing of the aorta

15. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Pericardial fluid
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

16. How many pulmonary veins are there
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
There are 4
Pericardial fluid

17. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Atria
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

18. What is a ventricular septal defect
4
Right atrium or venae cavae
The relaxation phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

19. When does development of the heart begin
The relaxation phase of the heart
Upper chambers - atria
Before the third week of gestation
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

20. which chambers receive blood from the veins
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Mitral valve
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Upper chambers - atria

21. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
The relaxation phase of the heart
Mitral valve
Water
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

22. What is the name for the upper chambers
Pericardial fluid
Atria
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

23. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Sternal notch
Mechanical or biologic
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

24. what vessels are used for CPBG
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

25. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

26. what covers the heart
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Upper chambers - atria
Disease of the heart muscle

27. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
There are 4
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

28. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
From the ascending aorta
The relaxation phase of the heart
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

29. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Localized narrowing of the aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Lower chambers - ventricles

30. What is the rastelli procedure
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Pericardial fluid
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

31. What are non-sterile procedures
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Mitral valve
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract

32. What arteries supply the heart
Mitral valve
The contraction phase of the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ligamentum venosum

33. What is the most common chest deformity
Generator and electrode
Pericardial fluid
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

34. Where does the coronary artery arise
A single artery arising from both ventricles
From the ascending aorta
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

35. What is the bundle of his
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

36. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
The contraction phase of the heart
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Mechanical or biologic

37. What is the name for the lower chambers
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ventricles

38. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
There are 4
From the ascending aorta
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

39. What is diastole
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
4
The relaxation phase of the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

40. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
A single artery arising from both ventricles
4
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

41. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Pericardial fluid
Water

42. What are acyanotic defects
Atria
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ligamentum venosum
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

43. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ventricles
Generator and electrode
Chordae tendineae

44. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
There are 4

45. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
There are 4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
4
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

46. What are cyanotic defects
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Sternal notch
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

47. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Pericardial fluid
Disease of the heart muscle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Lower chambers - ventricles

48. What does the cardiac cycle include
There are 4
The contraction phase of the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

49. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

50. What is an atrial septal defect
Ductus venosus
4
Disease of the heart muscle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria