Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is tricuspid atresia
Atria
Pericardial fluid
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

2. What is the name for the lower chambers
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles

3. What is bradycardia
4
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

4. What does the cardiac cycle include
Done on the aerodigestive tract
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

5. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Lower chambers - ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Chordae tendineae

6. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Mitral valve
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Generator and electrode

7. What is a ventricular septal defect
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Mechanical or biologic
Mitral valve

8. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

9. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
The contraction phase of the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

10. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Atria
Chordae tendineae
Pericardial fluid
Mitral valve

11. What is cardiac tamponade
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Upper chambers - atria
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

12. What is an atrial septal defect
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Pericardial fluid
Disease of the heart muscle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

13. What is the most common chest deformity
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Disease of the heart muscle
Ductus venosus
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

14. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Sternal notch

15. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The contraction phase of the heart
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

16. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Before the third week of gestation
Lower chambers - ventricles
4
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

17. What does the umbilical vein become
The contraction phase of the heart
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ductus venosus

18. What is pulmonary stenosis
Ventricles
From the ascending aorta
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae

19. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
The relaxation phase of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ventricles

20. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Sternal notch
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

21. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ductus venosus
4
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

22. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
From the ascending aorta
Ligamentum venosum
4

23. What is the name for the upper chambers
Mitral valve
Upper chambers - atria
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Atria

24. What arteries supply the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

25. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Atria
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

26. what vessels are used for CPBG
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Right atrium or venae cavae
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Pericardial fluid

27. What is cardiomyopathy
Ligamentum venosum
Disease of the heart muscle
Mitral valve
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

28. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
Disease of the heart muscle
Upper chambers - atria
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

29. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Chordae tendineae
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

30. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Before the third week of gestation
4
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

31. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
From the ascending aorta
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Right atrium or venae cavae

32. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ligamentum venosum
72 bpm
4

33. What is coarctation of the aorta
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta

34. Where is the tricuspid valve located
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Upper chambers - atria
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

35. What is the circulation through the heart
Pericardial fluid
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Lower chambers - ventricles
Sternal notch

36. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
Done on the aerodigestive tract
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Atria

37. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Mitral valve
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

38. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
There are 4
Water
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

39. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Sternal notch
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

40. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Mitral valve
The relaxation phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

41. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Chordae tendineae
Upper chambers - atria

42. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Pericardial fluid
Atria
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

43. What is diastole
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
72 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
The relaxation phase of the heart

44. How many chambers in the heart
4
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ductus venosus
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

45. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ligamentum venosum

46. What are acyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Mitral valve
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

47. What are cyanotic defects
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ligamentum venosum
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

48. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
The relaxation phase of the heart
Generator and electrode
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

49. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

50. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Chordae tendineae
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Pericardial fluid