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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Atria

2. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Upper chambers - atria
Localized narrowing of the aorta

3. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Before the third week of gestation
Mechanical or biologic
Chordae tendineae
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

4. Where does the coronary artery arise
Water
From the ascending aorta
Ligamentum venosum
Mechanical or biologic

5. What are non-sterile procedures
Before the third week of gestation
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Right atrium or venae cavae
Done on the aerodigestive tract

6. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta

7. What does the cardiac cycle include
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Lower chambers - ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

8. What is diastole
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
Generator and electrode
Pericardial fluid

9. What are cyanotic defects
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

10. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

11. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Ductus venosus
Mitral valve
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

12. What is the location of the heart
From the ascending aorta
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
There are 4

13. What are the layers of the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
72 bpm
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

14. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ductus venosus
Atria

15. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Upper chambers - atria
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Water
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

16. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Before the third week of gestation
Ductus venosus
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

17. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

18. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
The relaxation phase of the heart
Chordae tendineae

19. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Pericardial fluid

20. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Disease of the heart muscle
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

21. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Upper chambers - atria
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

22. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Before the third week of gestation
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Pericardial fluid

23. What is the name for the lower chambers
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

24. What is the rastelli procedure
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Atria
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

25. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Ventricles
There are 4
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

26. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Pericardial fluid

27. What is a ventricular septal defect
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

28. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
4
72 bpm
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Disease of the heart muscle

29. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Generator and electrode
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Mechanical or biologic
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

30. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Ligamentum venosum
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Mechanical or biologic

31. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

32. What is the most common chest deformity
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

33. What is systole
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
72 bpm
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
The contraction phase of the heart

34. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Chordae tendineae
Upper chambers - atria
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Sternal notch

35. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Ductus venosus
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

36. what covers the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

37. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
The contraction phase of the heart
72 bpm
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

38. What is pulmonary stenosis
Mechanical or biologic
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

39. When does development of the heart begin
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Before the third week of gestation
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

40. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Before the third week of gestation
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae
The relaxation phase of the heart

41. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Water
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ligamentum venosum

42. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
A single artery arising from both ventricles

43. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Generator and electrode
Water
Upper chambers - atria
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

44. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

45. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Atria
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

46. What is the name for the upper chambers
Mechanical or biologic
72 bpm
Atria
Chordae tendineae

47. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

48. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
From the ascending aorta
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

49. What is cardiac tamponade
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Lower chambers - ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta

50. How many chambers in the heart
4
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles