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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Before the third week of gestation
Mitral valve
Chordae tendineae

2. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Mitral valve
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

3. What are non-sterile procedures
The contraction phase of the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

4. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
72 bpm
There are 4
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

5. When does development of the heart begin
There are 4
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Before the third week of gestation

6. what covers the heart
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ductus venosus
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

7. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
72 bpm
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Water
Done on the aerodigestive tract

8. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

9. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Upper chambers - atria
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

10. What is bradycardia
Mechanical or biologic
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

11. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
4

12. What does the cardiac cycle include
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Mechanical or biologic
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

13. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Pericardial fluid
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

14. What is coarctation of the aorta
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Disease of the heart muscle
Localized narrowing of the aorta
From the ascending aorta

15. What is the rastelli procedure
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ligamentum venosum
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

16. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Localized narrowing of the aorta

17. What is cardiac tamponade
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

18. What is tricuspid atresia
Mechanical or biologic
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

19. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
4
From the ascending aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

20. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
The relaxation phase of the heart
Pericardial fluid
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

21. What is the name for the upper chambers
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Atria

22. What is a ventricular septal defect
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Localized narrowing of the aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

23. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Before the third week of gestation
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

24. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Ligamentum venosum
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

25. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Lower chambers - ventricles

26. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Right atrium or venae cavae
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ductus venosus
Mechanical or biologic

27. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Before the third week of gestation
Water
Mechanical or biologic

28. What is the name for the lower chambers
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

29. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

30. Where is the bicuspid valve located
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Generator and electrode
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

31. what vessels are used for CPBG
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Atria
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

32. What is diastole
A single artery arising from both ventricles
72 bpm
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
The relaxation phase of the heart

33. Where does the coronary artery arise
Chordae tendineae
From the ascending aorta
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

34. What is the bundle of his
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
From the ascending aorta

35. What is cardiomyopathy
The contraction phase of the heart
Disease of the heart muscle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

36. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Upper chambers - atria
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ventricles

37. What are acyanotic defects
Pericardial fluid
Mechanical or biologic
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

38. What does the umbilical vein become
Lower chambers - ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Ductus venosus
The contraction phase of the heart

39. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Upper chambers - atria
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

40. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

41. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Disease of the heart muscle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

42. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Upper chambers - atria
From the ascending aorta

43. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
72 bpm
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ligamentum venosum

44. What are the layers of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Mitral valve
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Generator and electrode

45. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ligamentum venosum
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

46. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
Ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Atria

47. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta

48. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
The contraction phase of the heart
Lower chambers - ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Done on the aerodigestive tract

49. What is pulmonary stenosis
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Before the third week of gestation

50. What is systole
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart