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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
4
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
From the ascending aorta

2. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

3. What are non-sterile procedures
Ductus venosus
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Done on the aerodigestive tract

4. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
4
Disease of the heart muscle

5. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Chordae tendineae
From the ascending aorta

6. What is systole
Upper chambers - atria
Mechanical or biologic
Generator and electrode
The contraction phase of the heart

7. What is pulmonary stenosis
There are 4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

8. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Water
72 bpm

9. What is coarctation of the aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Lower chambers - ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ligamentum venosum

10. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
From the ascending aorta
72 bpm
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

11. What are the layers of the heart
72 bpm
Ventricles
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

12. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
From the ascending aorta
Generator and electrode

13. Where is the bicuspid valve located
72 bpm
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

14. Where does the coronary artery arise
Pericardial fluid
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
From the ascending aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

15. What is the name for the upper chambers
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Atria
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Before the third week of gestation

16. What is the name for the lower chambers
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

17. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Upper chambers - atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

18. What is a ventricular septal defect
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
72 bpm
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

19. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Pericardial fluid
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

20. What is tricuspid atresia
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Pericardial fluid
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
The relaxation phase of the heart

21. What are acyanotic defects
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

22. What is diastole
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
72 bpm
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
The relaxation phase of the heart

23. what vessels are used for CPBG
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ductus venosus
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

24. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

25. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Sternal notch
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

26. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

27. What is cardiomyopathy
Water
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Disease of the heart muscle

28. What is the rastelli procedure
Disease of the heart muscle
A single artery arising from both ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

29. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

30. How many pulmonary veins are there
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
There are 4
Mechanical or biologic
4

31. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

32. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Upper chambers - atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

33. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

34. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

35. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The contraction phase of the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

36. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
The contraction phase of the heart
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Sternal notch

37. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
4
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Chordae tendineae
Disease of the heart muscle

38. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
Lower chambers - ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Before the third week of gestation

39. What is cardiac tamponade
Ductus venosus
There are 4
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

40. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
72 bpm
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Pericardial fluid

41. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Mitral valve

42. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

43. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Localized narrowing of the aorta
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Atria

44. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
Upper chambers - atria
Lower chambers - ventricles
4

45. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

46. What are cyanotic defects
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Lower chambers - ventricles

47. What is an atrial septal defect
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

48. What is the circulation through the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

49. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Before the third week of gestation
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Mechanical or biologic
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

50. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Mitral valve