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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is a ventricular septal defect
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

2. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

3. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
72 bpm
Ventricles

4. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Mechanical or biologic
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

5. What is pulmonary stenosis
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Before the third week of gestation
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

6. What is an atrial septal defect
Mechanical or biologic
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract

7. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Chordae tendineae
Mitral valve
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

8. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

9. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Chordae tendineae
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ductus venosus
The relaxation phase of the heart

10. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Chordae tendineae
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

11. What are non-sterile procedures
Water
Mechanical or biologic
4
Done on the aerodigestive tract

12. What is the rastelli procedure
Ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

13. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Water

14. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Right atrium or venae cavae

15. How many pulmonary veins are there
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Disease of the heart muscle
There are 4
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

16. Where does the coronary artery arise
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
72 bpm
From the ascending aorta
Chordae tendineae

17. What is cardiac tamponade
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Chordae tendineae
Ductus venosus

18. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Ductus venosus
The contraction phase of the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Upper chambers - atria

19. What is the name for the upper chambers
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Atria
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Localized narrowing of the aorta

20. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
72 bpm
Upper chambers - atria
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ligamentum venosum

21. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Sternal notch
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

22. What is the location of the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Disease of the heart muscle

23. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ductus venosus

24. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
72 bpm
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

25. What is coarctation of the aorta
Ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Disease of the heart muscle
Localized narrowing of the aorta

26. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Disease of the heart muscle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

27. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Right atrium or venae cavae
The relaxation phase of the heart
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

28. What is the name for the lower chambers
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ventricles
4
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

29. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
Water
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

30. what vessels are used for CPBG
Atria
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
From the ascending aorta

31. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Atria

32. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Ligamentum venosum
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

33. What arteries supply the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Sternal notch
A single artery arising from both ventricles

34. what covers the heart
Atria
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
From the ascending aorta

35. What does the umbilical vein become
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Atria
Ductus venosus
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

36. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Chordae tendineae
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

37. What is cardiomyopathy
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ligamentum venosum
Disease of the heart muscle
Pericardial fluid

38. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

39. What is the bundle of his
From the ascending aorta
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
72 bpm

40. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

41. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Upper chambers - atria
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Mitral valve

42. What are acyanotic defects
Mitral valve
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Water

43. What is diastole
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

44. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

45. What is tricuspid atresia
Done on the aerodigestive tract
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Mitral valve
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

46. What does the cardiac cycle include
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Atria
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

47. What is the circulation through the heart
Upper chambers - atria
The contraction phase of the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta

48. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Disease of the heart muscle
Ventricles
Water
Ductus venosus

49. How many chambers in the heart
The contraction phase of the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
4

50. When does development of the heart begin
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Before the third week of gestation
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle