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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Mechanical or biologic
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Generator and electrode
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

2. Where does the coronary artery arise
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Pericardial fluid
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
From the ascending aorta

3. What is the rastelli procedure
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Sternal notch
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

4. What are non-sterile procedures
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Done on the aerodigestive tract
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

5. What is tricuspid atresia
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
72 bpm
Localized narrowing of the aorta
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

6. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

7. What does the umbilical vein become
Mechanical or biologic
Ductus venosus
Generator and electrode
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

8. What is the location of the heart
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
72 bpm
Pericardial fluid

9. What are the layers of the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

10. How many pulmonary veins are there
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
There are 4
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles

11. What is the name for the upper chambers
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Chordae tendineae
Atria
Ductus venosus

12. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Chordae tendineae
A single artery arising from both ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

13. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Before the third week of gestation
The contraction phase of the heart
Atria

14. What is the name for the lower chambers
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Right atrium or venae cavae
The relaxation phase of the heart
Ventricles

15. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Chordae tendineae
From the ascending aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

16. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
From the ascending aorta
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

17. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Sternal notch
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

18. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Right atrium or venae cavae
Upper chambers - atria
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

19. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle
Ligamentum venosum

20. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Water
Generator and electrode
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

21. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Right atrium or venae cavae
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

22. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

23. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
The contraction phase of the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

24. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
From the ascending aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

25. What is the bundle of his
Upper chambers - atria
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

26. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Ductus venosus
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

27. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Upper chambers - atria
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

28. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
From the ascending aorta
4
Sternal notch

29. When does development of the heart begin
Chordae tendineae
Before the third week of gestation
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

30. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Mitral valve

31. What is coarctation of the aorta
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

32. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

33. What is systole
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ductus venosus
The contraction phase of the heart
Mechanical or biologic

34. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
There are 4
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Mechanical or biologic
Mitral valve

35. What are acyanotic defects
Right atrium or venae cavae
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

36. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

37. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Water
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Pericardial fluid
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

38. How many chambers in the heart
4
The contraction phase of the heart
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Before the third week of gestation

39. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Sternal notch
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

40. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
The relaxation phase of the heart
From the ascending aorta
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
72 bpm

41. what covers the heart
Localized narrowing of the aorta
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Water
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

42. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

43. What is pulmonary stenosis
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Water

44. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Atria
Water

45. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

46. What are cyanotic defects
Upper chambers - atria
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

47. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

48. what solution is NOT used during CPB
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Mitral valve
Water
4

49. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Sternal notch
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ligamentum venosum
The contraction phase of the heart

50. What is diastole
Mechanical or biologic
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart