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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the name for the upper chambers
Right atrium or venae cavae
Atria
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Chordae tendineae

2. What are acyanotic defects
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Generator and electrode
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

3. Where is the tricuspid valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
From the ascending aorta
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ductus venosus

4. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Mechanical or biologic
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Chordae tendineae

5. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

6. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Upper chambers - atria
Ligamentum venosum

7. What are non-sterile procedures
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

8. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
The contraction phase of the heart
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

9. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Chordae tendineae
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Mechanical or biologic

10. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Sternal notch
Ligamentum venosum
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

11. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Generator and electrode
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ligamentum venosum
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

12. What are the layers of the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

13. What is an atrial septal defect
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Water
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ventricles

14. what vessels are used for CPBG
There are 4
Upper chambers - atria
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

15. What is the most common chest deformity
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

16. What is the bundle of his
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The relaxation phase of the heart

17. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Pericardial fluid
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Disease of the heart muscle

18. What is cardiomyopathy
Ventricles
Ductus venosus
Disease of the heart muscle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

19. How many pulmonary veins are there
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ventricles
There are 4
The contraction phase of the heart

20. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Water

21. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
Generator and electrode
Disease of the heart muscle
Ligamentum venosum

22. What arteries supply the heart
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Chordae tendineae
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

23. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Disease of the heart muscle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

24. What is bradycardia
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

25. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

26. What is cardiac tamponade
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Lower chambers - ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Atria

27. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
Pericardial fluid
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

28. Where does the coronary artery arise
Localized narrowing of the aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
From the ascending aorta
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

29. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

30. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

31. What is the rastelli procedure
Disease of the heart muscle
4
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Generator and electrode

32. How many chambers in the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
4
Atria
Disease of the heart muscle

33. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Mechanical or biologic
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart

34. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Atria

35. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
From the ascending aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

36. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Atria
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

37. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Chordae tendineae
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Pericardial fluid

38. What is coarctation of the aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Mechanical or biologic
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

39. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ventricles
Mechanical or biologic

40. When does development of the heart begin
Disease of the heart muscle
Water
Before the third week of gestation
Chordae tendineae

41. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ligamentum venosum
Generator and electrode

42. What are cyanotic defects
72 bpm
Atria
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

43. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Pericardial fluid
Disease of the heart muscle
Right atrium or venae cavae
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

44. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Pericardial fluid
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
A single artery arising from both ventricles

45. What is the circulation through the heart
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

46. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

47. What is systole
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

48. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Right atrium or venae cavae

49. which chambers receive blood from the veins
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Upper chambers - atria
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Atria

50. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Sternal notch
Pericardial fluid
Water