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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Right atrium or venae cavae

2. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Water
Lower chambers - ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

3. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
Before the third week of gestation
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ventricles

4. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Right atrium or venae cavae

5. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
The relaxation phase of the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The contraction phase of the heart

6. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Upper chambers - atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract

7. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

8. When does development of the heart begin
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Before the third week of gestation
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

9. What is cardiomyopathy
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Disease of the heart muscle
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Mitral valve

10. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Ligamentum venosum
Ductus venosus
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

11. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
The contraction phase of the heart
Mitral valve
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

12. What is an atrial septal defect
Right atrium or venae cavae
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
4
Disease of the heart muscle

13. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Pericardial fluid
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

14. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Pericardial fluid
72 bpm

15. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Disease of the heart muscle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
The contraction phase of the heart
Water

16. What are the layers of the heart
Pericardial fluid
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

17. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

18. What does the umbilical vein become
Pericardial fluid
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ductus venosus
Mitral valve

19. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
72 bpm
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Mitral valve
Lower chambers - ventricles

20. What is a ventricular septal defect
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Mechanical or biologic
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

21. What is the location of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

22. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ligamentum venosum
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

23. What is the rastelli procedure
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Water
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

24. What is the name for the lower chambers
Right atrium or venae cavae
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ventricles

25. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
4
Ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

26. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
4
Sternal notch
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

27. How many pulmonary veins are there
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
There are 4

28. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

29. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
From the ascending aorta
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

30. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
From the ascending aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

31. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Pericardial fluid
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

32. How many chambers in the heart
4
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Upper chambers - atria

33. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

34. What is cardiac tamponade
Disease of the heart muscle
Chordae tendineae
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The contraction phase of the heart

35. What is systole
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
The contraction phase of the heart
Localized narrowing of the aorta
4

36. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Done on the aerodigestive tract
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Before the third week of gestation

37. what vessels are used for CPBG
4
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Upper chambers - atria

38. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Upper chambers - atria
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

39. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Ligamentum venosum
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Chordae tendineae
The contraction phase of the heart

40. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Upper chambers - atria
Pericardial fluid
Before the third week of gestation

41. What is tricuspid atresia
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

42. what covers the heart
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Atria

43. What arteries supply the heart
Generator and electrode
Before the third week of gestation
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

44. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Disease of the heart muscle

45. What are acyanotic defects
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Before the third week of gestation
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

46. What is the name for the upper chambers
Before the third week of gestation
Atria
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The contraction phase of the heart

47. What is the bundle of his
Water
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

48. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ligamentum venosum
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Water

49. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

50. Where does the coronary artery arise
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
From the ascending aorta
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle