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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ligamentum venosum

2. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Atria
Upper chambers - atria
4

3. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Chordae tendineae
Disease of the heart muscle
The contraction phase of the heart

4. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart

5. what vessels are used for CPBG
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Generator and electrode
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

6. What is diastole
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Before the third week of gestation
The relaxation phase of the heart

7. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Right atrium or venae cavae
Mechanical or biologic
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

8. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Done on the aerodigestive tract

9. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
There are 4

10. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
The contraction phase of the heart
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

11. What is systole
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

12. What is the name for the upper chambers
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Generator and electrode
Atria
Mitral valve

13. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

14. What is a ventricular septal defect
There are 4
Before the third week of gestation
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

15. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

16. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
Ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

17. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
A single artery arising from both ventricles

18. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
Ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Done on the aerodigestive tract

19. What does the cardiac cycle include
Done on the aerodigestive tract
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles

20. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

21. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Right atrium or venae cavae
Mitral valve
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

22. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Pericardial fluid
Right atrium or venae cavae
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

23. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Upper chambers - atria
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

24. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Right atrium or venae cavae
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

25. When does development of the heart begin
Ductus venosus
Before the third week of gestation
4
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

26. What is the rastelli procedure
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
There are 4
Generator and electrode
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

27. What is bradycardia
Pericardial fluid
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Right atrium or venae cavae

28. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Pericardial fluid
There are 4
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

29. What are cyanotic defects
Lower chambers - ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

30. What arteries supply the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
From the ascending aorta

31. What are the layers of the heart
Water
Mechanical or biologic
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ligamentum venosum

32. What is the name for the lower chambers
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ventricles

33. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
4
Water
Mitral valve

34. What is tricuspid atresia
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Done on the aerodigestive tract

35. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Mitral valve
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

36. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Upper chambers - atria
Chordae tendineae
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

37. What are acyanotic defects
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

38. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Mechanical or biologic
Atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

39. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
From the ascending aorta
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
72 bpm

40. What is cardiac tamponade
72 bpm
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

41. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Upper chambers - atria
Water

42. What is the most common chest deformity
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Atria
Mitral valve

43. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

44. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Pericardial fluid
Ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

45. How many chambers in the heart
4
Ligamentum venosum
Mechanical or biologic
Mitral valve

46. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

47. what covers the heart
4
Water
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Sternal notch

48. What is an atrial septal defect
Disease of the heart muscle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Right atrium or venae cavae
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

49. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Lower chambers - ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

50. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
There are 4
Disease of the heart muscle