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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the location of the heart
Ventricles
4
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

2. What is the rastelli procedure
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

3. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Ductus venosus
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

4. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

5. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Upper chambers - atria
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Generator and electrode

6. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ductus venosus

7. What is cardiomyopathy
Ligamentum venosum
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Disease of the heart muscle

8. What is tricuspid atresia
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
The contraction phase of the heart

9. What is systole
Chordae tendineae
The contraction phase of the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
The relaxation phase of the heart

10. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Right atrium or venae cavae
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
A single artery arising from both ventricles

11. what vessels are used for CPBG
Before the third week of gestation
Disease of the heart muscle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

12. How many chambers in the heart
Ventricles
Pericardial fluid
Lower chambers - ventricles
4

13. What is diastole
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
4
The relaxation phase of the heart
Upper chambers - atria

14. What does the cardiac cycle include
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

15. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Upper chambers - atria
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

16. What is pulmonary stenosis
Lower chambers - ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

17. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
There are 4
Mechanical or biologic
4
Mitral valve

18. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
There are 4
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

19. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
4
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

20. what covers the heart
Atria
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
The relaxation phase of the heart

21. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Mechanical or biologic

22. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Upper chambers - atria
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

23. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Water
Mechanical or biologic
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

24. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Before the third week of gestation
Generator and electrode
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

25. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

26. What is bradycardia
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

27. What is cardiac tamponade
Before the third week of gestation
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Atria

28. What are the layers of the heart
Pericardial fluid
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

29. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
72 bpm
Ligamentum venosum
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

30. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

31. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

32. What are non-sterile procedures
Atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract
4
Ventricles

33. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Disease of the heart muscle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Chordae tendineae

34. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Upper chambers - atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

35. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

36. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

37. What is the circulation through the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

38. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Water
Mechanical or biologic
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

39. What is the most common chest deformity
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Before the third week of gestation
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

40. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Right atrium or venae cavae
A single artery arising from both ventricles

41. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Water

42. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Water

43. What does the umbilical vein become
Pericardial fluid
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ductus venosus

44. How many pulmonary veins are there
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Generator and electrode
There are 4
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

45. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ligamentum venosum
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

46. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Disease of the heart muscle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Pericardial fluid

47. When does development of the heart begin
Upper chambers - atria
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Before the third week of gestation
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

48. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Generator and electrode
Right atrium or venae cavae

49. What is coarctation of the aorta
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Right atrium or venae cavae
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Atria

50. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Disease of the heart muscle