Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is a ventricular septal defect
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Localized narrowing of the aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

2. What are the layers of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Right atrium or venae cavae
Mitral valve
The relaxation phase of the heart

3. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ductus venosus
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

4. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

5. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
4
Sternal notch
Pericardial fluid
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

6. How many pulmonary veins are there
Mitral valve
There are 4
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

7. What are acyanotic defects
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
A single artery arising from both ventricles

8. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Chordae tendineae
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
4

9. What is the location of the heart
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

10. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Chordae tendineae
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Upper chambers - atria

11. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
4
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Chordae tendineae

12. What is diastole
Ventricles
Before the third week of gestation
The relaxation phase of the heart
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

13. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Pericardial fluid
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

14. What is pulmonary stenosis
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
The contraction phase of the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae

15. What is the bundle of his
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

16. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Right atrium or venae cavae
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

17. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Pericardial fluid
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

18. What does the cardiac cycle include
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Water
Upper chambers - atria

19. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
From the ascending aorta
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

20. What is the most common chest deformity
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

21. What arteries supply the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

22. What is tricuspid atresia
Before the third week of gestation
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Mechanical or biologic
Ductus venosus

23. what solution is NOT used during CPB
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Water
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

24. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Right atrium or venae cavae
Localized narrowing of the aorta

25. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
72 bpm

26. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
The relaxation phase of the heart
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

27. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The contraction phase of the heart

28. What is cardiac tamponade
Sternal notch
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
4

29. What is bradycardia
Atria
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

30. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Disease of the heart muscle

31. What is the name for the upper chambers
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Atria
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Upper chambers - atria

32. What is the rastelli procedure
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Disease of the heart muscle

33. what covers the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Mitral valve
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ductus venosus

34. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

35. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Chordae tendineae
From the ascending aorta
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

36. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Water
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

37. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
There are 4
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

38. What are cyanotic defects
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Upper chambers - atria

39. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
72 bpm
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

40. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

41. What is the circulation through the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

42. How many chambers in the heart
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
4
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
From the ascending aorta

43. What does the umbilical vein become
72 bpm
Atria
Ductus venosus
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

44. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Chordae tendineae

45. Where does the coronary artery arise
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
From the ascending aorta
Ductus venosus
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

46. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
The contraction phase of the heart
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

47. When does development of the heart begin
Ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
The relaxation phase of the heart
Before the third week of gestation

48. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Chordae tendineae
Mechanical or biologic
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

49. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
The contraction phase of the heart
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
From the ascending aorta
Mechanical or biologic

50. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Generator and electrode
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle