Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Ligamentum venosum
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Mechanical or biologic
There are 4

2. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
72 bpm
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

3. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Water

4. Where is the bicuspid valve located
There are 4
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
4

5. When does development of the heart begin
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Before the third week of gestation
The contraction phase of the heart
There are 4

6. What is the most common chest deformity
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
From the ascending aorta
4
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

7. What is an atrial septal defect
Chordae tendineae
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

8. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Chordae tendineae
A single artery arising from both ventricles
4
From the ascending aorta

9. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
From the ascending aorta
Lower chambers - ventricles
Mechanical or biologic

10. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Upper chambers - atria

11. what solution is NOT used during CPB
From the ascending aorta
Before the third week of gestation
Water
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

12. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Pericardial fluid
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

13. What is a ventricular septal defect
Water
Generator and electrode
Mechanical or biologic
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

14. What is cardiac tamponade
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Generator and electrode
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

15. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
72 bpm
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ductus venosus

16. What is the name for the upper chambers
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
Atria
Pericardial fluid

17. What is systole
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
The contraction phase of the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Mitral valve

18. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
4
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

19. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Mitral valve
Lower chambers - ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract

20. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
The contraction phase of the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Right atrium or venae cavae

21. What are the layers of the heart
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

22. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
From the ascending aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Mitral valve

23. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

24. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Done on the aerodigestive tract
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

25. what covers the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

26. what vessels are used for CPBG
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

27. What is bradycardia
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

28. What is tricuspid atresia
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
A single artery arising from both ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

29. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
There are 4
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

30. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ligamentum venosum

31. What are acyanotic defects
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Localized narrowing of the aorta

32. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Generator and electrode
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Chordae tendineae
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

33. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The relaxation phase of the heart

34. Where does the coronary artery arise
Ligamentum venosum
Ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
From the ascending aorta

35. What is diastole
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
The relaxation phase of the heart
There are 4

36. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ligamentum venosum
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ventricles

37. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Mitral valve

38. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Upper chambers - atria
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

39. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
The contraction phase of the heart
Disease of the heart muscle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

40. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
From the ascending aorta
Generator and electrode
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

41. How many pulmonary veins are there
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
There are 4
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

42. What is the rastelli procedure
72 bpm
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

43. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ligamentum venosum
Pericardial fluid

44. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Upper chambers - atria
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

45. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
There are 4
Done on the aerodigestive tract
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Mitral valve

46. How many chambers in the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ductus venosus
4

47. What is cardiomyopathy
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Disease of the heart muscle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

48. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

49. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Lower chambers - ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Sternal notch

50. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Atria
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Pericardial fluid
Ventricles