Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are acyanotic defects
Upper chambers - atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The relaxation phase of the heart

2. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Chordae tendineae

3. What is tricuspid atresia
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Mechanical or biologic
Ductus venosus
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

4. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Mitral valve
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

5. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
72 bpm
Lower chambers - ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Pericardial fluid

6. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Right atrium or venae cavae
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
A single artery arising from both ventricles

7. How many chambers in the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
4
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

8. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Sternal notch
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

9. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Generator and electrode
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

10. What is a ventricular septal defect
Lower chambers - ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Generator and electrode

11. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
The contraction phase of the heart
Sternal notch
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

12. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Generator and electrode
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae

13. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ductus venosus

14. What is the location of the heart
72 bpm
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
The contraction phase of the heart
Ventricles

15. What is bradycardia
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

16. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

17. What is the bundle of his
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Right atrium or venae cavae
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

18. What arteries supply the heart
Mitral valve
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

19. What does the umbilical vein become
Lower chambers - ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
4
Ductus venosus

20. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
72 bpm
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

21. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Generator and electrode
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Lower chambers - ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

22. what covers the heart
Atria
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Mitral valve
Ligamentum venosum

23. When does development of the heart begin
Right atrium or venae cavae
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Pericardial fluid
Before the third week of gestation

24. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Disease of the heart muscle
Right atrium or venae cavae
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

25. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

26. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The contraction phase of the heart
4
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

27. What is diastole
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
The relaxation phase of the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

28. What is cardiomyopathy
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Disease of the heart muscle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

29. What is the rastelli procedure
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

30. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

31. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Mechanical or biologic
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

32. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Ligamentum venosum
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
The contraction phase of the heart
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

33. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Disease of the heart muscle
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

34. What is the name for the upper chambers
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract
A single artery arising from both ventricles

35. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Generator and electrode
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

36. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Mitral valve
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles

37. What are non-sterile procedures
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Mechanical or biologic
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

38. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Upper chambers - atria
Generator and electrode

39. Where does the coronary artery arise
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Mitral valve
From the ascending aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

40. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Mitral valve
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ligamentum venosum

41. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Right atrium or venae cavae
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

42. What is cardiac tamponade
The relaxation phase of the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ligamentum venosum

43. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Pericardial fluid
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
72 bpm

44. What are cyanotic defects
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

45. What does the cardiac cycle include
From the ascending aorta
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

46. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Mechanical or biologic
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

47. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

48. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Water
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Atria
Upper chambers - atria

49. what solution is NOT used during CPB
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Water
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
72 bpm

50. What is an atrial septal defect
Pericardial fluid
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ductus venosus