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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What arteries supply the heart
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
72 bpm
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

2. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

3. What is the rastelli procedure
Ligamentum venosum
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
72 bpm
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

4. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

5. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Chordae tendineae
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
From the ascending aorta

6. What are cyanotic defects
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
72 bpm
Sternal notch

7. When does development of the heart begin
Mechanical or biologic
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Before the third week of gestation

8. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
72 bpm
Generator and electrode
Atria

9. What are non-sterile procedures
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ligamentum venosum
Chordae tendineae
Done on the aerodigestive tract

10. What is systole
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
The contraction phase of the heart
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
72 bpm

11. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Disease of the heart muscle
Before the third week of gestation

12. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
From the ascending aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae
Generator and electrode
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

13. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
The contraction phase of the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

14. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Mitral valve
Right atrium or venae cavae

15. What is the name for the upper chambers
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Atria
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ligamentum venosum

16. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

17. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ligamentum venosum
Before the third week of gestation

18. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Mitral valve
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Mechanical or biologic
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

19. What is the circulation through the heart
There are 4
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Lower chambers - ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

20. what covers the heart
Ligamentum venosum
Mechanical or biologic
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

21. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

22. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
The contraction phase of the heart
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Mitral valve

23. What is tricuspid atresia
Right atrium or venae cavae
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

24. What is an atrial septal defect
Right atrium or venae cavae
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

25. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
The contraction phase of the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

26. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
Atria
Lower chambers - ventricles
4

27. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Atria
A single artery arising from both ventricles

28. What does the umbilical vein become
Right atrium or venae cavae
Lower chambers - ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart
Ductus venosus

29. What is cardiomyopathy
Right atrium or venae cavae
Sternal notch
Disease of the heart muscle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

30. What is the bundle of his
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
A single artery arising from both ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

31. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Upper chambers - atria
Atria
There are 4

32. What is the most common chest deformity
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Before the third week of gestation

33. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Mitral valve
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

34. What is the name for the lower chambers
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ventricles

35. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Disease of the heart muscle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

36. What does the cardiac cycle include
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
72 bpm
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

37. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Pericardial fluid

38. What is coarctation of the aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
4
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Localized narrowing of the aorta

39. How many pulmonary veins are there
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
There are 4
72 bpm

40. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

41. What is a ventricular septal defect
Ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Generator and electrode

42. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Lower chambers - ventricles

43. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Lower chambers - ventricles
From the ascending aorta

44. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

45. What are the layers of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

46. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

47. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

48. What is the location of the heart
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

49. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ligamentum venosum

50. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Generator and electrode
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Mechanical or biologic

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Cardiac Surgery

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