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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
There are 4
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

2. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
The relaxation phase of the heart
Before the third week of gestation
Mitral valve
Upper chambers - atria

3. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

4. What is an atrial septal defect
Lower chambers - ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

5. what covers the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

6. Where is the bicuspid valve located
From the ascending aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ligamentum venosum

7. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
72 bpm
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Water

8. What arteries supply the heart
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

9. How many pulmonary veins are there
Sternal notch
There are 4
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles

10. which chambers receive blood from the veins
72 bpm
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Upper chambers - atria

11. What is the bundle of his
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

12. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Before the third week of gestation
Pericardial fluid
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

13. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Water

14. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

15. What is systole
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Mechanical or biologic
The contraction phase of the heart

16. What are acyanotic defects
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Mechanical or biologic
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

17. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
Right atrium or venae cavae
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

18. What are cyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Upper chambers - atria
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

19. What is a ventricular septal defect
Water
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Mechanical or biologic
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

20. What is the name for the upper chambers
From the ascending aorta
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Atria
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

21. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ligamentum venosum
Right atrium or venae cavae
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

22. What are non-sterile procedures
Disease of the heart muscle
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Mechanical or biologic
Lower chambers - ventricles

23. What is the name for the lower chambers
Mechanical or biologic
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ventricles

24. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Atria
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

25. What is the most common chest deformity
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

26. How many chambers in the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Before the third week of gestation
4

27. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Pericardial fluid
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

28. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
From the ascending aorta
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Generator and electrode
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

29. When does development of the heart begin
4
Before the third week of gestation
From the ascending aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

30. What is tricuspid atresia
Pericardial fluid
Lower chambers - ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

31. What is the location of the heart
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Disease of the heart muscle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

32. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ligamentum venosum
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Upper chambers - atria

33. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ventricles

34. What are the layers of the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Localized narrowing of the aorta

35. What does the cardiac cycle include
Atria
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
72 bpm

36. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ventricles
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

37. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Ligamentum venosum
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Before the third week of gestation

38. What is the rastelli procedure
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

39. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Atria
From the ascending aorta
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

40. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
72 bpm
Disease of the heart muscle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

41. What is pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

42. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Water

43. What is cardiomyopathy
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Disease of the heart muscle

44. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Pericardial fluid
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

45. What is cardiac tamponade
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

46. What is diastole
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The relaxation phase of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

47. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

48. Where does the coronary artery arise
4
Water
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
From the ascending aorta

49. What is bradycardia
Sternal notch
Mechanical or biologic
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

50. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery