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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How many chambers in the heart
Sternal notch
Pericardial fluid
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
4

2. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Water
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

3. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Pericardial fluid
Water
Upper chambers - atria
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

4. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Generator and electrode

5. What are the layers of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Generator and electrode
Localized narrowing of the aorta

6. What are cyanotic defects
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
There are 4
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Sternal notch

7. What is the name for the lower chambers
Water
Ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

8. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Ventricles
Upper chambers - atria
Ligamentum venosum
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

9. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Ligamentum venosum
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Lower chambers - ventricles

10. What is the most common chest deformity
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract

11. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Mechanical or biologic
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

12. What is coarctation of the aorta
Lower chambers - ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Atria
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

13. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Pericardial fluid
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

14. When does development of the heart begin
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Before the third week of gestation
Disease of the heart muscle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

15. What is the circulation through the heart
Disease of the heart muscle
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Ligamentum venosum

16. What is systole
Upper chambers - atria
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
There are 4
The contraction phase of the heart

17. What does the cardiac cycle include
Sternal notch
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Mitral valve
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

18. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Chordae tendineae

19. What is a ventricular septal defect
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricles
Water

20. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Sternal notch

21. What is pulmonary stenosis
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

22. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Sternal notch
Mechanical or biologic

23. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
The contraction phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

24. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ligamentum venosum
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

25. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Sternal notch
Generator and electrode
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Chordae tendineae

26. What is an atrial septal defect
Localized narrowing of the aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ligamentum venosum
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

27. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Upper chambers - atria
Chordae tendineae
Mitral valve
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

28. What are acyanotic defects
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

29. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

30. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

31. What is the bundle of his
4
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

32. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

33. What is the rastelli procedure
Localized narrowing of the aorta
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Disease of the heart muscle

34. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
From the ascending aorta

35. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

36. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Water
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Atria

37. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Disease of the heart muscle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

38. What is the location of the heart
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Right atrium or venae cavae
From the ascending aorta

39. What is cardiac tamponade
Sternal notch
Water
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

40. What is cardiomyopathy
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

41. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
Lower chambers - ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Sternal notch

42. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Disease of the heart muscle
The contraction phase of the heart

43. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Before the third week of gestation
Mechanical or biologic
Sternal notch
The contraction phase of the heart

44. What arteries supply the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Before the third week of gestation
Upper chambers - atria
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

45. Where does the coronary artery arise
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
From the ascending aorta
Lower chambers - ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

46. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Upper chambers - atria
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

47. What is bradycardia
The contraction phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Sternal notch
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

48. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Chordae tendineae
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

49. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Atria
Right atrium or venae cavae

50. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

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Cardiac Surgery

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