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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are cyanotic defects
4
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The contraction phase of the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

2. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Lower chambers - ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

3. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Generator and electrode

4. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
4
Right atrium or venae cavae
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

5. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
Disease of the heart muscle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
The relaxation phase of the heart

6. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Lower chambers - ventricles
Before the third week of gestation

7. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
There are 4

8. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

9. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
Mechanical or biologic
Chordae tendineae
Ligamentum venosum

10. What are the layers of the heart
72 bpm
Generator and electrode
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

11. What are acyanotic defects
Sternal notch
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

12. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
Lower chambers - ventricles
Pericardial fluid
Localized narrowing of the aorta

13. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Ventricles
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Mechanical or biologic
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

14. what covers the heart
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

15. What does the cardiac cycle include
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Pericardial fluid
Upper chambers - atria
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

16. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Chordae tendineae
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

17. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

18. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Lower chambers - ventricles

19. What is cardiac tamponade
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

20. What is the most common chest deformity
Mitral valve
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles

21. What is tricuspid atresia
Disease of the heart muscle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

22. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Lower chambers - ventricles
Chordae tendineae
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

23. What arteries supply the heart
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
From the ascending aorta

24. What is the rastelli procedure
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Water
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles

25. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Upper chambers - atria
Disease of the heart muscle

26. What is systole
Ligamentum venosum
Ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart
Mechanical or biologic

27. How many chambers in the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
4
Ductus venosus

28. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The contraction phase of the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Mitral valve

29. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Chordae tendineae

30. What is the circulation through the heart
Ligamentum venosum
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
From the ascending aorta

31. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract

32. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Right atrium or venae cavae
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

33. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Generator and electrode
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

34. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

35. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
The relaxation phase of the heart
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
72 bpm

36. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

37. What is diastole
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract

38. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Mechanical or biologic

39. What is pulmonary stenosis
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Water
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

40. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

41. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Water
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Generator and electrode

42. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Disease of the heart muscle
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ligamentum venosum
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

43. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
72 bpm
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Water

44. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
Disease of the heart muscle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
The relaxation phase of the heart

45. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
From the ascending aorta
Mechanical or biologic
Sternal notch
A single artery arising from both ventricles

46. What is coarctation of the aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Localized narrowing of the aorta
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

47. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Done on the aerodigestive tract

48. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Sternal notch
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Mechanical or biologic

49. How many pulmonary veins are there
Atria
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
There are 4

50. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Pericardial fluid