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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. what covers the heart
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Mechanical or biologic

2. What is the most common chest deformity
Right atrium or venae cavae
Atria
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Localized narrowing of the aorta

3. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

4. What arteries supply the heart
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

5. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Localized narrowing of the aorta
A single artery arising from both ventricles

6. How many chambers in the heart
A single artery arising from both ventricles
4
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Localized narrowing of the aorta

7. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
The relaxation phase of the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

8. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Mechanical or biologic
Lower chambers - ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

9. What is the rastelli procedure
Ductus venosus
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

10. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Before the third week of gestation
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

11. What is cardiomyopathy
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Disease of the heart muscle
Atria
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

12. What is the bundle of his
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
There are 4

13. What is bradycardia
Water
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ductus venosus
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

14. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Pericardial fluid
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ductus venosus

15. What is a ventricular septal defect
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Right atrium or venae cavae
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Before the third week of gestation

16. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Generator and electrode
The relaxation phase of the heart

17. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Sternal notch

18. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

19. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Upper chambers - atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

20. Where does the coronary artery arise
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Localized narrowing of the aorta
From the ascending aorta

21. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Pericardial fluid
Mitral valve
Mechanical or biologic

22. What is cardiac tamponade
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

23. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Pericardial fluid
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Chordae tendineae

24. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Chordae tendineae
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Atria

25. What is systole
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart

26. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

27. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
Before the third week of gestation
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Water

28. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Upper chambers - atria

29. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Right atrium or venae cavae
From the ascending aorta
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

30. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

31. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Disease of the heart muscle
Lower chambers - ventricles

32. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Sternal notch
Disease of the heart muscle

33. What does the umbilical vein become
Ligamentum venosum
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ductus venosus

34. What is the location of the heart
Pericardial fluid
Generator and electrode
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

35. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Before the third week of gestation
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

36. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Sternal notch
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
72 bpm

37. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Right atrium or venae cavae
Atria
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

38. What is the name for the upper chambers
There are 4
Atria
Before the third week of gestation
Mitral valve

39. What are the layers of the heart
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
There are 4
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

40. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Water
Lower chambers - ventricles
Before the third week of gestation
4

41. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Pericardial fluid
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ductus venosus
Generator and electrode

42. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

43. What is the circulation through the heart
Water
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

44. What is the name for the lower chambers
Mitral valve
Ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Pericardial fluid

45. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

46. How many pulmonary veins are there
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
There are 4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract

47. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Chordae tendineae
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

48. What are non-sterile procedures
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The relaxation phase of the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract

49. What is diastole
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
The relaxation phase of the heart

50. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery