Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is an atrial septal defect
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Disease of the heart muscle
Upper chambers - atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

2. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Chordae tendineae
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ligamentum venosum
Mitral valve

3. What is pulmonary stenosis
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Atria
Ligamentum venosum

4. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ligamentum venosum
Upper chambers - atria
The contraction phase of the heart

5. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Generator and electrode
Pericardial fluid
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Chordae tendineae

6. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Upper chambers - atria
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

7. What is coarctation of the aorta
Before the third week of gestation
Mechanical or biologic
Lower chambers - ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta

8. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Water
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

9. What is bradycardia
The contraction phase of the heart
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Before the third week of gestation

10. What is systole
Disease of the heart muscle
The contraction phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

11. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
The contraction phase of the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

12. what vessels are used for CPBG
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

13. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
Atria
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

14. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Chordae tendineae
Upper chambers - atria
Sternal notch

15. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Pericardial fluid
The relaxation phase of the heart

16. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Chordae tendineae
Generator and electrode

17. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Atria
Ductus venosus

18. What does the cardiac cycle include
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
From the ascending aorta
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Upper chambers - atria

19. What are cyanotic defects
Sternal notch
Chordae tendineae
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

20. When does development of the heart begin
Ductus venosus
Before the third week of gestation
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

21. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
From the ascending aorta
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Chordae tendineae
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

22. What is the circulation through the heart
Before the third week of gestation
Generator and electrode
Ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

23. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
4
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

24. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Sternal notch
Lower chambers - ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart

25. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

26. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
The relaxation phase of the heart
Ductus venosus

27. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Pericardial fluid
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Mechanical or biologic

28. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

29. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Sternal notch
Ligamentum venosum
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

30. How many pulmonary veins are there
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
There are 4
Ductus venosus

31. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Chordae tendineae
Sternal notch
Upper chambers - atria

32. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Generator and electrode
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

33. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
4
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta

34. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Generator and electrode
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

35. What is a ventricular septal defect
The relaxation phase of the heart
Water
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Mechanical or biologic

36. What is the location of the heart
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

37. What are the layers of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

38. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

39. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
There are 4

40. what covers the heart
72 bpm
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

41. What arteries supply the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Mechanical or biologic
Chordae tendineae

42. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

43. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Water
Lower chambers - ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
The relaxation phase of the heart

44. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

45. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Ligamentum venosum
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
4
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

46. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ventricles

47. What is the rastelli procedure
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

48. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Atria
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
From the ascending aorta

49. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Upper chambers - atria
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

50. How many chambers in the heart
4
72 bpm
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator