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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
72 bpm
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Water

2. What does the umbilical vein become
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ductus venosus
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

3. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Sternal notch
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Atria

4. What is coarctation of the aorta
The relaxation phase of the heart
Water
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Done on the aerodigestive tract

5. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

6. what covers the heart
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

7. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

8. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ductus venosus
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

9. How many chambers in the heart
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
4
From the ascending aorta

10. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Generator and electrode
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

11. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Sternal notch

12. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The relaxation phase of the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

13. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Before the third week of gestation
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

14. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae

15. What is the name for the lower chambers
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Sternal notch
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ventricles

16. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
Atria
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Right atrium or venae cavae

17. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
From the ascending aorta
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Mechanical or biologic

18. What is cardiomyopathy
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Disease of the heart muscle
Lower chambers - ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

19. what vessels are used for CPBG
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
There are 4

20. What is the rastelli procedure
4
Atria
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta

21. What is bradycardia
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

22. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Lower chambers - ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Sternal notch

23. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Done on the aerodigestive tract

24. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Water
Ligamentum venosum

25. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
Ductus venosus
From the ascending aorta
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

26. What is a ventricular septal defect
Generator and electrode
The contraction phase of the heart
The relaxation phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

27. What are cyanotic defects
Disease of the heart muscle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

28. When does development of the heart begin
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
Before the third week of gestation
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

29. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Generator and electrode

30. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
A single artery arising from both ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

31. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
There are 4
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

32. What is diastole
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
The relaxation phase of the heart
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

33. What are acyanotic defects
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The relaxation phase of the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

34. What is the bundle of his
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Before the third week of gestation

35. What is the name for the upper chambers
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Water
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Atria

36. Where does the coronary artery arise
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
From the ascending aorta
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ventricles

37. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

38. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Disease of the heart muscle
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract

39. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
From the ascending aorta
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

40. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

41. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Chordae tendineae
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

42. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Mechanical or biologic
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

43. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
From the ascending aorta
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

44. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Before the third week of gestation
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

45. What is the location of the heart
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
There are 4
The contraction phase of the heart

46. How many pulmonary veins are there
Mechanical or biologic
There are 4
Right atrium or venae cavae
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

47. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Before the third week of gestation
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Water

48. What are the layers of the heart
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ductus venosus
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

49. What arteries supply the heart
Mechanical or biologic
Upper chambers - atria
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

50. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Disease of the heart muscle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery