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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
Ductus venosus
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Right atrium or venae cavae

2. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ventricles

3. What is systole
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart
Upper chambers - atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

4. What are the layers of the heart
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ligamentum venosum
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

5. What is bradycardia
Generator and electrode
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Mitral valve
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

6. What does the cardiac cycle include
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

7. What is the name for the upper chambers
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Atria
Ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

8. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
Generator and electrode
Sternal notch
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

9. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Lower chambers - ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ventricles

10. What is a ventricular septal defect
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

11. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Generator and electrode
Pericardial fluid
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

12. What is the most common chest deformity
There are 4
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

13. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Lower chambers - ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
Chordae tendineae
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

14. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Lower chambers - ventricles
There are 4
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

15. When does development of the heart begin
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Pericardial fluid
Before the third week of gestation
Water

16. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

17. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
72 bpm
Pericardial fluid
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

18. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Mechanical or biologic
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

19. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Water
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

20. What is cardiomyopathy
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Disease of the heart muscle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
From the ascending aorta

21. What is an atrial septal defect
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ductus venosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

22. What does the umbilical vein become
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ligamentum venosum
Ductus venosus

23. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Water
From the ascending aorta
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

24. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
From the ascending aorta
Sternal notch
4

25. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

26. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
72 bpm
Before the third week of gestation
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

27. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Upper chambers - atria

28. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

29. Where does the coronary artery arise
The relaxation phase of the heart
From the ascending aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ventricles

30. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Water
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

31. What is coarctation of the aorta
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Mechanical or biologic

32. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

33. What are non-sterile procedures
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

34. How many chambers in the heart
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
4
72 bpm
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

35. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ventricles

36. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Water
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Mitral valve

37. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Chordae tendineae

38. what vessels are used for CPBG
Chordae tendineae
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Ligamentum venosum
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

39. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Pericardial fluid
72 bpm
Right atrium or venae cavae

40. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Pericardial fluid
Lower chambers - ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

41. What is the location of the heart
Water
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

42. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Right atrium or venae cavae
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
A single artery arising from both ventricles

43. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
There are 4
Mechanical or biologic
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
72 bpm

44. What is the bundle of his
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

45. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Generator and electrode
Atria
Water

46. What is the circulation through the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Water
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
There are 4

47. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
There are 4
Disease of the heart muscle

48. What are cyanotic defects
Generator and electrode
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

49. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Lower chambers - ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Sternal notch

50. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
From the ascending aorta
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ligamentum venosum