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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Pericardial fluid
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

2. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ventricles
Water
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

3. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

4. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Before the third week of gestation
The relaxation phase of the heart
Water
Mitral valve

5. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Right atrium or venae cavae
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

6. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Right atrium or venae cavae
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

7. What is bradycardia
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

8. What is coarctation of the aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

9. What is the most common chest deformity
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

10. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Pericardial fluid
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

11. How many chambers in the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
4
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

12. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

13. What is pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Sternal notch
Atria

14. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
The contraction phase of the heart
Lower chambers - ventricles
Chordae tendineae

15. which chambers receive blood from the veins
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Upper chambers - atria
The relaxation phase of the heart

16. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

17. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Generator and electrode
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Atria

18. What is a ventricular septal defect
The contraction phase of the heart
Ductus venosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Generator and electrode

19. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

20. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

21. What arteries supply the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Generator and electrode
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

22. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

23. What is the bundle of his
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Generator and electrode

24. What is the name for the upper chambers
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Atria
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle

25. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart

26. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Right atrium or venae cavae
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

27. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
72 bpm
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

28. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Lower chambers - ventricles
Chordae tendineae
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

29. What is an atrial septal defect
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

30. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Mitral valve
Upper chambers - atria
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

31. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

32. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

33. What is cardiomyopathy
There are 4
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The relaxation phase of the heart
Disease of the heart muscle

34. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
Pericardial fluid
Before the third week of gestation
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

35. What does the cardiac cycle include
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ductus venosus
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ventricles

36. What are the layers of the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
The relaxation phase of the heart
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

37. What is the location of the heart
Ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Mitral valve

38. What are non-sterile procedures
From the ascending aorta
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Done on the aerodigestive tract

39. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
Atria
Before the third week of gestation
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

40. what vessels are used for CPBG
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

41. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
From the ascending aorta
Generator and electrode
Right atrium or venae cavae

42. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

43. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
There are 4
Sternal notch
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

44. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Disease of the heart muscle
Chordae tendineae
Done on the aerodigestive tract

45. Where does the coronary artery arise
Before the third week of gestation
Upper chambers - atria
From the ascending aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta

46. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

47. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Water
Generator and electrode
Ligamentum venosum
4

48. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Chordae tendineae
Sternal notch
Disease of the heart muscle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

49. When does development of the heart begin
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Before the third week of gestation

50. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
The contraction phase of the heart
Sternal notch
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae