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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. what vessels are used for CPBG
From the ascending aorta
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

2. What is pulmonary stenosis
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ductus venosus

3. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mitral valve
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
The contraction phase of the heart
Mechanical or biologic

4. What are cyanotic defects
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
The contraction phase of the heart
Upper chambers - atria
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

5. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

6. What are non-sterile procedures
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricles
From the ascending aorta

7. What is cardiac tamponade
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

8. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
72 bpm

9. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Lower chambers - ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

10. What is the circulation through the heart
The contraction phase of the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
4
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

11. What are acyanotic defects
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
There are 4

12. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Right atrium or venae cavae
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

13. What is tricuspid atresia
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

14. When does development of the heart begin
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Before the third week of gestation
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

15. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

16. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
Upper chambers - atria
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
72 bpm

17. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Disease of the heart muscle
From the ascending aorta
Lower chambers - ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

18. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Disease of the heart muscle
Generator and electrode
The contraction phase of the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

19. What is the name for the upper chambers
From the ascending aorta
Atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

20. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Mitral valve
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

21. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Disease of the heart muscle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Chordae tendineae
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

22. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Ligamentum venosum
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Upper chambers - atria
Sternal notch

23. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricles
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

24. What does the umbilical vein become
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ductus venosus

25. How many pulmonary veins are there
Mitral valve
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
There are 4

26. What arteries supply the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Right atrium or venae cavae
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

27. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

28. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
4

29. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Pericardial fluid
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

30. What is bradycardia
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

31. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Water
There are 4
Disease of the heart muscle
Mitral valve

32. what covers the heart
Ductus venosus
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Mitral valve

33. What is cardiomyopathy
Ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Mechanical or biologic

34. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The relaxation phase of the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

35. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Sternal notch

36. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Before the third week of gestation

37. What is the name for the lower chambers
Upper chambers - atria
Ventricles
Chordae tendineae
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

38. What is an atrial septal defect
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
From the ascending aorta

39. Where does the coronary artery arise
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
From the ascending aorta
Ventricles

40. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ventricles
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

41. what solution is NOT used during CPB
The contraction phase of the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Water

42. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
There are 4
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

43. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Disease of the heart muscle
Water
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

44. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Chordae tendineae
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

45. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Water
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

46. How many chambers in the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
4
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

47. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Upper chambers - atria
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Right atrium or venae cavae

48. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Sternal notch

49. What is the rastelli procedure
The contraction phase of the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Before the third week of gestation
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

50. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
There are 4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae