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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Disease of the heart muscle
Upper chambers - atria
The contraction phase of the heart

2. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

3. What is the most common chest deformity
Atria
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

4. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Sternal notch
Pericardial fluid
Disease of the heart muscle

5. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
There are 4
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

6. What is bradycardia
Ductus venosus
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

7. What is the circulation through the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Sternal notch

8. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
The relaxation phase of the heart
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

9. What is the bundle of his
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Mechanical or biologic

10. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Lower chambers - ventricles
Water

11. What is the rastelli procedure
Mitral valve
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

12. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Generator and electrode
Lower chambers - ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

13. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

14. What are non-sterile procedures
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

15. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
A single artery arising from both ventricles

16. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
The relaxation phase of the heart

17. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Pericardial fluid
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

18. What is tricuspid atresia
Sternal notch
Before the third week of gestation
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

19. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Chordae tendineae
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Lower chambers - ventricles
72 bpm

20. What are the layers of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Disease of the heart muscle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

21. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Generator and electrode
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Mechanical or biologic

22. How many pulmonary veins are there
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
There are 4
Disease of the heart muscle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

23. what covers the heart
Atria
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

24. What does the cardiac cycle include
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
The contraction phase of the heart
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

25. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Sternal notch
Before the third week of gestation
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

26. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae
Lower chambers - ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

27. What is cardiac tamponade
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

28. What is diastole
From the ascending aorta
The relaxation phase of the heart
4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

29. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
There are 4
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

30. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Ductus venosus
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Chordae tendineae

31. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
The relaxation phase of the heart
Upper chambers - atria

32. When does development of the heart begin
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Before the third week of gestation
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

33. What is coarctation of the aorta
The contraction phase of the heart
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

34. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
72 bpm

35. What are cyanotic defects
Ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

36. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
72 bpm
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

37. what vessels are used for CPBG
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
There are 4
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

38. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Disease of the heart muscle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

39. What are acyanotic defects
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The contraction phase of the heart
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

40. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
From the ascending aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

41. What is the name for the upper chambers
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Atria
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

42. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Before the third week of gestation
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

43. Where does the coronary artery arise
Water
From the ascending aorta
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
The relaxation phase of the heart

44. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Right atrium or venae cavae
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

45. What is systole
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

46. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
From the ascending aorta
4
There are 4

47. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Disease of the heart muscle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

48. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Mitral valve

49. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Mechanical or biologic
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

50. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Generator and electrode
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles