Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Lower chambers - ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Pericardial fluid
Ligamentum venosum

2. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Water
Ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

3. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Before the third week of gestation
Done on the aerodigestive tract
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

4. What is tricuspid atresia
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

5. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
Generator and electrode
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Before the third week of gestation

6. What are the layers of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
There are 4

7. What is bradycardia
4
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
The contraction phase of the heart
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

8. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
The contraction phase of the heart
Sternal notch
Lower chambers - ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

9. Where does the coronary artery arise
Pericardial fluid
The relaxation phase of the heart
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
From the ascending aorta

10. What is diastole
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
72 bpm
The relaxation phase of the heart

11. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
The contraction phase of the heart
Lower chambers - ventricles
72 bpm
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

12. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Ventricles
Mechanical or biologic
Mitral valve
Right atrium or venae cavae

13. What is the circulation through the heart
There are 4
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

14. What is the rastelli procedure
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Chordae tendineae
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

15. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Disease of the heart muscle
Lower chambers - ventricles

16. What is an atrial septal defect
Ductus venosus
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

17. What is a ventricular septal defect
Upper chambers - atria
Generator and electrode
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

18. What is the bundle of his
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
A single artery arising from both ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

19. What is coarctation of the aorta
Pericardial fluid
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Before the third week of gestation

20. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Ductus venosus
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Pericardial fluid
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

21. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ligamentum venosum
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

22. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
From the ascending aorta
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

23. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ligamentum venosum

24. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
There are 4
72 bpm
Generator and electrode
Chordae tendineae

25. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Water
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

26. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
72 bpm
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ligamentum venosum

27. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
From the ascending aorta
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae

28. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ductus venosus
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

29. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Lower chambers - ventricles

30. How many chambers in the heart
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ventricles
4

31. What is cardiac tamponade
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
A single artery arising from both ventricles

32. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
From the ascending aorta
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

33. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
There are 4
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The contraction phase of the heart

34. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Generator and electrode

35. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
There are 4
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
The contraction phase of the heart

36. What are non-sterile procedures
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Atria
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Done on the aerodigestive tract

37. What is pulmonary stenosis
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Sternal notch
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

38. When does development of the heart begin
Ventricles
Before the third week of gestation
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Right atrium or venae cavae

39. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Lower chambers - ventricles
Mitral valve
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

40. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Mitral valve
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

41. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
The contraction phase of the heart
Pericardial fluid
Before the third week of gestation

42. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Ligamentum venosum
From the ascending aorta
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

43. What is cardiomyopathy
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Generator and electrode
Disease of the heart muscle
4

44. What are acyanotic defects
The relaxation phase of the heart
Ductus venosus
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

45. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Upper chambers - atria
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

46. What does the umbilical vein become
Upper chambers - atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ductus venosus
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

47. What are cyanotic defects
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

48. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Right atrium or venae cavae
Sternal notch
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

49. What is the location of the heart
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

50. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers