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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the most common chest deformity
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Atria
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

2. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart

3. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
Disease of the heart muscle

4. How many chambers in the heart
Ligamentum venosum
4
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart

5. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Water
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Pericardial fluid
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

6. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ventricles

7. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Sternal notch
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

8. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ligamentum venosum
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

9. What is the bundle of his
Disease of the heart muscle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

10. What is systole
From the ascending aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
The contraction phase of the heart
The relaxation phase of the heart

11. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Water
Sternal notch
Chordae tendineae

12. When does development of the heart begin
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Before the third week of gestation
Ligamentum venosum
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

13. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

14. What is bradycardia
Chordae tendineae
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Water

15. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

16. what covers the heart
The relaxation phase of the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

17. What is cardiac tamponade
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
72 bpm

18. What is coarctation of the aorta
Generator and electrode
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Localized narrowing of the aorta

19. What is diastole
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
A single artery arising from both ventricles

20. What are cyanotic defects
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Lower chambers - ventricles

21. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

22. What arteries supply the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

23. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Mitral valve

24. What is the rastelli procedure
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ventricles

25. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

26. How many pulmonary veins are there
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
There are 4
From the ascending aorta

27. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
4

28. What are the layers of the heart
Water
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

29. What is the circulation through the heart
Water
Before the third week of gestation
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

30. What does the umbilical vein become
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ductus venosus
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

31. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Water
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

32. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Sternal notch
Atria
Lower chambers - ventricles
There are 4

33. What is an atrial septal defect
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

34. What does the cardiac cycle include
Atria
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

35. what vessels are used for CPBG
Generator and electrode
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Localized narrowing of the aorta

36. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Mechanical or biologic
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

37. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Chordae tendineae

38. What is pulmonary stenosis
Lower chambers - ventricles
Sternal notch
There are 4
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

39. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Sternal notch
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

40. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ductus venosus

41. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The contraction phase of the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract

42. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Upper chambers - atria
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
The relaxation phase of the heart
The contraction phase of the heart

43. What is the name for the lower chambers
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ventricles
Before the third week of gestation

44. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
From the ascending aorta
Pericardial fluid
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

45. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Mitral valve
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

46. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Chordae tendineae
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

47. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
There are 4
The relaxation phase of the heart
Sternal notch
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

48. What is cardiomyopathy
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
72 bpm
Disease of the heart muscle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

49. What is the location of the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

50. What are acyanotic defects
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis