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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Atria
Lower chambers - ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

2. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Atria
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

3. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Mitral valve
Before the third week of gestation
The contraction phase of the heart

4. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Mechanical or biologic
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

5. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Water

6. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Ductus venosus
Mitral valve
Pericardial fluid
Right atrium or venae cavae

7. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

8. What is the location of the heart
Generator and electrode
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

9. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Atria
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ligamentum venosum
Before the third week of gestation

10. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Generator and electrode
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

11. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
4
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

12. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

13. What are non-sterile procedures
A single artery arising from both ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

14. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
There are 4

15. Where does the coronary artery arise
Disease of the heart muscle
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
From the ascending aorta

16. What is the rastelli procedure
Atria
The relaxation phase of the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

17. When does development of the heart begin
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
There are 4
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Before the third week of gestation

18. Where is the bicuspid valve located
There are 4
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

19. What is the name for the upper chambers
Before the third week of gestation
Atria
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

20. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

21. what vessels are used for CPBG
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

22. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ductus venosus
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

23. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
There are 4
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Right atrium or venae cavae
Before the third week of gestation

24. What is pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Sternal notch
Upper chambers - atria

25. What does the cardiac cycle include
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ligamentum venosum
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

26. What is diastole
Disease of the heart muscle
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The relaxation phase of the heart

27. What arteries supply the heart
Lower chambers - ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

28. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
4
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Mechanical or biologic

29. What does the umbilical vein become
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ductus venosus
Water

30. What is tricuspid atresia
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

31. What are acyanotic defects
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Localized narrowing of the aorta
A single artery arising from both ventricles

32. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

33. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Disease of the heart muscle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
72 bpm

34. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Lower chambers - ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Upper chambers - atria

35. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Before the third week of gestation
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

36. What are cyanotic defects
Sternal notch
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

37. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
A single artery arising from both ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

38. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Chordae tendineae

39. What is a ventricular septal defect
The relaxation phase of the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

40. What is systole
The relaxation phase of the heart
The contraction phase of the heart
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

41. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Before the third week of gestation
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Water
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

42. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Chordae tendineae
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ductus venosus

43. How many chambers in the heart
72 bpm
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
4
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

44. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
There are 4

45. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Mitral valve

46. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

47. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ligamentum venosum
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
4

48. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Disease of the heart muscle
Ventricles
Mechanical or biologic

49. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Water
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

50. What are the layers of the heart
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Sternal notch