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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Upper chambers - atria
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Right atrium or venae cavae
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

2. What is the circulation through the heart
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Mechanical or biologic
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

3. What are cyanotic defects
Localized narrowing of the aorta
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

4. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Mitral valve
Mechanical or biologic
Ventricles

5. What is tricuspid atresia
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

6. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ductus venosus
Generator and electrode
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

7. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

8. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Mechanical or biologic
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

9. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

10. What does the cardiac cycle include
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

11. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Upper chambers - atria
Ligamentum venosum
The relaxation phase of the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

12. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Pericardial fluid

13. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Mechanical or biologic
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

14. What is the name for the upper chambers
4
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

15. What arteries supply the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

16. What is the most common chest deformity
The relaxation phase of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

17. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ligamentum venosum
Sternal notch
Right atrium or venae cavae

18. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Upper chambers - atria

19. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

20. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Generator and electrode
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Chordae tendineae
Disease of the heart muscle

21. What is coarctation of the aorta
Mitral valve
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Upper chambers - atria

22. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
The contraction phase of the heart
Mechanical or biologic

23. What is cardiomyopathy
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle
4
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

24. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

25. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Disease of the heart muscle
The contraction phase of the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract

26. What does the umbilical vein become
The contraction phase of the heart
Ductus venosus
Generator and electrode
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

27. What is cardiac tamponade
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Before the third week of gestation
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

28. How many chambers in the heart
Mitral valve
4
Before the third week of gestation
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

29. what covers the heart
Generator and electrode
From the ascending aorta
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

30. What is bradycardia
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
4
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

31. What is an atrial septal defect
Atria
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Generator and electrode
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

32. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ductus venosus
Before the third week of gestation

33. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Pericardial fluid
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

34. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
A single artery arising from both ventricles

35. What is diastole
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
The relaxation phase of the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ligamentum venosum

36. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

37. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Atria

38. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ligamentum venosum
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Sternal notch

39. What is a ventricular septal defect
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

40. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Ventricles
From the ascending aorta
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

41. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
72 bpm

42. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Water
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Right atrium or venae cavae
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

43. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
From the ascending aorta
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Mechanical or biologic
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

44. What are the layers of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ductus venosus
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Mechanical or biologic

45. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Generator and electrode
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

46. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Lower chambers - ventricles

47. which chambers receive blood from the veins
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
The relaxation phase of the heart
Upper chambers - atria
Pericardial fluid

48. What is pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
The contraction phase of the heart
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

49. Where does the coronary artery arise
Pericardial fluid
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
From the ascending aorta

50. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Mechanical or biologic
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles