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Cardiac Surgery

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ligamentum venosum
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

2. What arteries supply the heart
From the ascending aorta
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

3. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Ventricles
Upper chambers - atria
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

4. What is bradycardia
The relaxation phase of the heart
Ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Mechanical or biologic

5. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae
Before the third week of gestation

6. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Atria
Before the third week of gestation
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Mechanical or biologic

7. What does the umbilical vein become
Disease of the heart muscle
Before the third week of gestation
Ductus venosus
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

8. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Done on the aerodigestive tract
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

9. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Pericardial fluid
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
4

10. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Sternal notch
Ligamentum venosum
Mitral valve
Ductus venosus

11. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

12. What is the rastelli procedure
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Mechanical or biologic
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

13. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Ligamentum venosum
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Before the third week of gestation
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

14. What are acyanotic defects
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

15. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Pericardial fluid

16. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Mitral valve
Ventricles
Ligamentum venosum

17. What is tricuspid atresia
Mechanical or biologic
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Pericardial fluid

18. What does the cardiac cycle include
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
4
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

19. What is diastole
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
The relaxation phase of the heart

20. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Generator and electrode
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Chordae tendineae

21. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
72 bpm
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Sternal notch
Right atrium or venae cavae

22. What are the layers of the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

23. which chambers receive blood from the veins
4
The contraction phase of the heart
Upper chambers - atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

24. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Chordae tendineae
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
4

25. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
From the ascending aorta
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
The contraction phase of the heart
Mitral valve

26. Where does the coronary artery arise
Ligamentum venosum
Atria
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
From the ascending aorta

27. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

28. What is the location of the heart
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

29. What is the bundle of his
Pericardial fluid
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

30. What is the most common chest deformity
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Upper chambers - atria

31. What is the name for the upper chambers
Pericardial fluid
Atria
There are 4
Mechanical or biologic

32. What is cardiomyopathy
72 bpm
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Disease of the heart muscle

33. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

34. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Pericardial fluid
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

35. What is systole
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Before the third week of gestation
The contraction phase of the heart
From the ascending aorta

36. what vessels are used for CPBG
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Generator and electrode
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

37. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart
Chordae tendineae
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

38. What are non-sterile procedures
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ligamentum venosum

39. What is cardiac tamponade
The contraction phase of the heart
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Upper chambers - atria

40. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

41. What is pulmonary stenosis
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Pericardial fluid

42. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Ductus venosus
The relaxation phase of the heart
Generator and electrode
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

43. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
There are 4
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ductus venosus

44. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Generator and electrode
Sternal notch
Disease of the heart muscle
A single artery arising from both ventricles

45. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

46. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Upper chambers - atria
Ventricles
A single artery arising from both ventricles

47. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
The relaxation phase of the heart
72 bpm

48. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
72 bpm

49. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
72 bpm
From the ascending aorta
Sternal notch

50. What is the name for the lower chambers
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Atria
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricles

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Cardiac Surgery

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