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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are non-sterile procedures
Atria
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Mitral valve

2. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ligamentum venosum
Ductus venosus
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

3. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

4. How many chambers in the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Atria
4
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

5. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ventricles

6. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Sternal notch
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Done on the aerodigestive tract

7. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Before the third week of gestation
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

8. What is the name for the lower chambers
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta

9. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
The relaxation phase of the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Mechanical or biologic
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

10. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

11. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Water
Right atrium or venae cavae
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

12. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
Atria
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

13. How many pulmonary veins are there
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Mechanical or biologic
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
There are 4

14. What is cardiac tamponade
Ductus venosus
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
From the ascending aorta

15. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Mechanical or biologic
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Right atrium or venae cavae

16. Where does the coronary artery arise
Mitral valve
From the ascending aorta
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ligamentum venosum

17. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
The relaxation phase of the heart
Sternal notch
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

18. What is the circulation through the heart
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
There are 4

19. When does development of the heart begin
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Before the third week of gestation
The relaxation phase of the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract

20. what covers the heart
There are 4
Upper chambers - atria
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

21. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
72 bpm
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

22. What is an atrial septal defect
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

23. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Upper chambers - atria
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

24. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Before the third week of gestation

25. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

26. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Mitral valve
Upper chambers - atria

27. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Mitral valve
Pericardial fluid
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

28. What are the layers of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

29. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

30. What is the rastelli procedure
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

31. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Atria
From the ascending aorta
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

32. What is the bundle of his
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

33. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Disease of the heart muscle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ligamentum venosum

34. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Generator and electrode
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

35. What arteries supply the heart
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
The contraction phase of the heart
Generator and electrode

36. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Water
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

37. What is pulmonary stenosis
4
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ligamentum venosum
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

38. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Right atrium or venae cavae
Generator and electrode

39. What is tricuspid atresia
Water
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

40. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Lower chambers - ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

41. what solution is NOT used during CPB
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Water
Chordae tendineae

42. which chambers receive blood from the veins
The relaxation phase of the heart
Upper chambers - atria
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
4

43. What does the umbilical vein become
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ductus venosus

44. What is coarctation of the aorta
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Localized narrowing of the aorta
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

45. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
The relaxation phase of the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Sternal notch

46. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
The relaxation phase of the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

47. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Upper chambers - atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

48. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Mechanical or biologic

49. What does the cardiac cycle include
4
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
The contraction phase of the heart

50. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Mechanical or biologic
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy