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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Water
Mechanical or biologic

2. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
The contraction phase of the heart
Ligamentum venosum
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

3. What is the most common chest deformity
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Pericardial fluid
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

4. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Mitral valve
The contraction phase of the heart
The relaxation phase of the heart
Pericardial fluid

5. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

6. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Generator and electrode
Ligamentum venosum
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

7. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

8. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Lower chambers - ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Water

9. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
4
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

10. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

11. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Mechanical or biologic
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Upper chambers - atria

12. What is the bundle of his
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Chordae tendineae
Mitral valve
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

13. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Before the third week of gestation
The relaxation phase of the heart

14. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Before the third week of gestation
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
72 bpm

15. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ligamentum venosum
Sternal notch

16. How many chambers in the heart
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
4
Pericardial fluid
Localized narrowing of the aorta

17. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Ventricles
Upper chambers - atria
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
There are 4

18. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
Mechanical or biologic
Water
Ligamentum venosum

19. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Mitral valve

20. What is an atrial septal defect
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

21. What is diastole
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The relaxation phase of the heart
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

22. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

23. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

24. What is coarctation of the aorta
Lower chambers - ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

25. What is systole
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart

26. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Right atrium or venae cavae

27. What is the location of the heart
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
There are 4
Upper chambers - atria

28. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
4
Chordae tendineae

29. What is bradycardia
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

30. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Mechanical or biologic
Disease of the heart muscle

31. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Generator and electrode

32. which chambers receive blood from the veins
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Upper chambers - atria
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Mitral valve

33. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Lower chambers - ventricles
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Water
Upper chambers - atria

34. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Ligamentum venosum
Right atrium or venae cavae
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Mitral valve

35. What is the name for the lower chambers
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Upper chambers - atria

36. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
The relaxation phase of the heart
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

37. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ligamentum venosum
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

38. What are non-sterile procedures
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Done on the aerodigestive tract
From the ascending aorta
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

39. What arteries supply the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

40. What is the circulation through the heart
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Mechanical or biologic
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Ductus venosus

41. How many pulmonary veins are there
Ligamentum venosum
Localized narrowing of the aorta
4
There are 4

42. Where does the coronary artery arise
Chordae tendineae
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
From the ascending aorta

43. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Ventricles
From the ascending aorta
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

44. What is tricuspid atresia
Localized narrowing of the aorta
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Disease of the heart muscle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

45. When does development of the heart begin
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
From the ascending aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Before the third week of gestation

46. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Water
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ligamentum venosum
Right atrium or venae cavae

47. What is a ventricular septal defect
Right atrium or venae cavae
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
4
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

48. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

49. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

50. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Water
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ductus venosus