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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Mitral valve
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

2. What is coarctation of the aorta
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ligamentum venosum
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Localized narrowing of the aorta

3. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
72 bpm
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Upper chambers - atria
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

4. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

5. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Water
Sternal notch

6. what vessels are used for CPBG
4
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

7. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

8. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Chordae tendineae
Before the third week of gestation
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

9. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Upper chambers - atria
72 bpm
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

10. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
The contraction phase of the heart

11. What is pulmonary stenosis
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
4
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

12. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Water

13. what covers the heart
The relaxation phase of the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

14. What is systole
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
4
The contraction phase of the heart

15. Where does the coronary artery arise
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
From the ascending aorta
72 bpm

16. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Disease of the heart muscle
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Mitral valve
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

17. What is the name for the upper chambers
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Atria
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

18. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
The contraction phase of the heart

19. What is the circulation through the heart
From the ascending aorta
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ductus venosus
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

20. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Lower chambers - ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart

21. What is a ventricular septal defect
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

22. What is bradycardia
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
The relaxation phase of the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

23. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Pericardial fluid
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

24. How many chambers in the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
4

25. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Upper chambers - atria
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

26. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

27. What is the name for the lower chambers
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

28. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Ductus venosus
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Right atrium or venae cavae
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

29. What is an atrial septal defect
Localized narrowing of the aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

30. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Atria
Chordae tendineae

31. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Sternal notch
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta

32. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
A single artery arising from both ventricles

33. What are the layers of the heart
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Mechanical or biologic

34. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Generator and electrode
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

35. What are non-sterile procedures
Water
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
From the ascending aorta

36. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
The relaxation phase of the heart
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
4
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

37. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Pericardial fluid
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

38. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

39. What is tricuspid atresia
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

40. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
A single artery arising from both ventricles
72 bpm
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

41. What arteries supply the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Lower chambers - ventricles

42. How many pulmonary veins are there
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Atria
A single artery arising from both ventricles
There are 4

43. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Generator and electrode
Lower chambers - ventricles
Before the third week of gestation

44. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Sternal notch
Upper chambers - atria
Mechanical or biologic

45. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Ligamentum venosum
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ventricles
Pericardial fluid

46. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

47. What is cardiac tamponade
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

48. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
Generator and electrode
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

49. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Lower chambers - ventricles
There are 4
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

50. What does the umbilical vein become
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ventricles
Ductus venosus
The relaxation phase of the heart