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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Pericardial fluid
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

2. What is tricuspid atresia
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

3. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
From the ascending aorta
Lower chambers - ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles

4. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Sternal notch
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

5. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Atria
Water
Generator and electrode
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

6. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Disease of the heart muscle
72 bpm
A single artery arising from both ventricles

7. What is bradycardia
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

8. What is an atrial septal defect
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

9. what solution is NOT used during CPB
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Water
4

10. What is cardiomyopathy
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Disease of the heart muscle
Upper chambers - atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract

11. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Chordae tendineae

12. What are non-sterile procedures
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

13. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Before the third week of gestation
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

14. What are the layers of the heart
Ligamentum venosum
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Lower chambers - ventricles

15. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

16. What is the name for the lower chambers
Lower chambers - ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

17. How many chambers in the heart
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
4
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

18. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Upper chambers - atria
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

19. What is the circulation through the heart
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The contraction phase of the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

20. What is a ventricular septal defect
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

21. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
There are 4
Mechanical or biologic
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

22. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

23. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Upper chambers - atria
Right atrium or venae cavae
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

24. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
The relaxation phase of the heart
Sternal notch
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

25. What is the bundle of his
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Generator and electrode
Right atrium or venae cavae

26. What is the most common chest deformity
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

27. What arteries supply the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Mechanical or biologic
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

28. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

29. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

30. When does development of the heart begin
Pericardial fluid
Before the third week of gestation
There are 4
Done on the aerodigestive tract

31. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Pericardial fluid
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

32. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
72 bpm
Done on the aerodigestive tract

33. How many pulmonary veins are there
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
There are 4
Upper chambers - atria

34. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

35. What is the location of the heart
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Lower chambers - ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

36. Where does the coronary artery arise
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Generator and electrode
From the ascending aorta
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

37. What is the name for the upper chambers
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Atria

38. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ligamentum venosum
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

39. What is diastole
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The relaxation phase of the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

40. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
The relaxation phase of the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

41. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Sternal notch
The contraction phase of the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

42. what vessels are used for CPBG
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Lower chambers - ventricles
Generator and electrode
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

43. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Disease of the heart muscle
4
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

44. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Upper chambers - atria
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

45. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Done on the aerodigestive tract
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

46. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
From the ascending aorta
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Before the third week of gestation

47. What is coarctation of the aorta
Disease of the heart muscle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

48. Where is the bicuspid valve located
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles
Water

49. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

50. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium