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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Sternal notch
The relaxation phase of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

2. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
Sternal notch
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Atria

3. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
Right atrium or venae cavae
The relaxation phase of the heart
Sternal notch

4. What is an atrial septal defect
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Right atrium or venae cavae

5. What is bradycardia
Disease of the heart muscle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

6. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Disease of the heart muscle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Upper chambers - atria
Ductus venosus

7. What is tricuspid atresia
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

8. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

9. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ductus venosus
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

10. What is coarctation of the aorta
Before the third week of gestation
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

11. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Generator and electrode
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

12. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
There are 4
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

13. What are cyanotic defects
Atria
4
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

14. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Atria
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

15. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Water
Localized narrowing of the aorta

16. what covers the heart
Ductus venosus
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
A single artery arising from both ventricles

17. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

18. What is cardiac tamponade
Generator and electrode
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

19. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ligamentum venosum
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

20. What is pulmonary stenosis
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Right atrium or venae cavae
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

21. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

22. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
Ductus venosus
Ligamentum venosum
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

23. What does the cardiac cycle include
Right atrium or venae cavae
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
The relaxation phase of the heart
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

24. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Upper chambers - atria
Ligamentum venosum
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

25. What are non-sterile procedures
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

26. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Mitral valve
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
4

27. What is the most common chest deformity
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

28. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Right atrium or venae cavae
The relaxation phase of the heart

29. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Pericardial fluid
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

30. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
From the ascending aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

31. How many pulmonary veins are there
Localized narrowing of the aorta
There are 4
Ventricles
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

32. Where does the coronary artery arise
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
The relaxation phase of the heart
From the ascending aorta
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

33. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Mitral valve
Lower chambers - ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

34. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
72 bpm
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

35. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
72 bpm
The relaxation phase of the heart
Sternal notch
Lower chambers - ventricles

36. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Before the third week of gestation
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

37. What are the layers of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Disease of the heart muscle
Mitral valve
72 bpm

38. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ductus venosus
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

39. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Generator and electrode
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

40. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
There are 4
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
The relaxation phase of the heart

41. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

42. What is diastole
72 bpm
The relaxation phase of the heart
4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

43. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Generator and electrode

44. What is cardiomyopathy
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Disease of the heart muscle

45. What does the umbilical vein become
72 bpm
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
There are 4
Ductus venosus

46. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Before the third week of gestation
72 bpm
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

47. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Right atrium or venae cavae
Mitral valve
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

48. How many chambers in the heart
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
4
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

49. What is the location of the heart
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Chordae tendineae

50. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Ductus venosus
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Upper chambers - atria