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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the most common chest deformity
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

2. What is the name for the upper chambers
Upper chambers - atria
Atria
Chordae tendineae
Localized narrowing of the aorta

3. What is the circulation through the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

4. When does development of the heart begin
Ligamentum venosum
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Before the third week of gestation
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

5. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The contraction phase of the heart
Disease of the heart muscle

6. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

7. What is the bundle of his
The relaxation phase of the heart
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
72 bpm
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

8. What arteries supply the heart
Mitral valve
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

9. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

10. What is the location of the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Sternal notch
Upper chambers - atria
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

11. What is bradycardia
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Upper chambers - atria
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
The contraction phase of the heart

12. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

13. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Right atrium or venae cavae
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

14. what covers the heart
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Chordae tendineae

15. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Mitral valve
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Upper chambers - atria

16. What is the name for the lower chambers
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles

17. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Atria
Ventricles
Upper chambers - atria

18. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
72 bpm
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

19. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Done on the aerodigestive tract

20. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Generator and electrode

21. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Before the third week of gestation
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

22. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
There are 4
Lower chambers - ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

23. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
The relaxation phase of the heart

24. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
The contraction phase of the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae

25. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
The relaxation phase of the heart
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

26. What are cyanotic defects
Ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The contraction phase of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

27. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

28. What does the cardiac cycle include
Mechanical or biologic
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

29. What is cardiac tamponade
A single artery arising from both ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Atria
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

30. What is a ventricular septal defect
The relaxation phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

31. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

32. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

33. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Mitral valve
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

34. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Right atrium or venae cavae
Upper chambers - atria
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

35. What is tricuspid atresia
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Before the third week of gestation
A single artery arising from both ventricles

36. How many pulmonary veins are there
Sternal notch
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
There are 4

37. How many chambers in the heart
Upper chambers - atria
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
There are 4
4

38. Where is the bicuspid valve located
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ligamentum venosum

39. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
Upper chambers - atria
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Mitral valve

40. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

41. What is coarctation of the aorta
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ligamentum venosum

42. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Pericardial fluid

43. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Lower chambers - ventricles
There are 4
Ductus venosus

44. What is cardiomyopathy
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Disease of the heart muscle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

45. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Before the third week of gestation
There are 4
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

46. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

47. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Mitral valve
Atria
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

48. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

49. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
The relaxation phase of the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

50. What is diastole
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The relaxation phase of the heart