Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is diastole
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The relaxation phase of the heart

2. How many chambers in the heart
4
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Localized narrowing of the aorta
A single artery arising from both ventricles

3. What is tricuspid atresia
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Atria
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
4

4. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

5. How many pulmonary veins are there
Right atrium or venae cavae
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
There are 4

6. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Mitral valve
Upper chambers - atria
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

7. What is pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Atria
Sternal notch

8. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
72 bpm
From the ascending aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Generator and electrode

9. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Right atrium or venae cavae
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

10. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ligamentum venosum
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

11. What are cyanotic defects
Ventricles
Before the third week of gestation
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Mechanical or biologic

12. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Sternal notch
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Chordae tendineae

13. Where does the coronary artery arise
The contraction phase of the heart
From the ascending aorta
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

14. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
From the ascending aorta
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

15. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

16. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Before the third week of gestation
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Mitral valve
Ventricles

17. What is the most common chest deformity
Pericardial fluid
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ligamentum venosum

18. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Sternal notch
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

19. What are acyanotic defects
The contraction phase of the heart
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ductus venosus
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

20. What is the circulation through the heart
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Pericardial fluid
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

21. what covers the heart
72 bpm
Chordae tendineae
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
4

22. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Disease of the heart muscle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Sternal notch
Pericardial fluid

23. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Chordae tendineae
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

24. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Generator and electrode
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Before the third week of gestation

25. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Mechanical or biologic
Right atrium or venae cavae

26. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

27. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Atria
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart

28. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

29. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
There are 4
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

30. What is the name for the lower chambers
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ventricles
Ductus venosus
72 bpm

31. When does development of the heart begin
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Before the third week of gestation
Generator and electrode
72 bpm

32. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Upper chambers - atria

33. What is the location of the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

34. What does the umbilical vein become
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ductus venosus

35. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Lower chambers - ventricles
Water
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

36. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

37. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

38. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Chordae tendineae
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

39. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Generator and electrode
Mechanical or biologic
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

40. What is the bundle of his
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Atria

41. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

42. What is a ventricular septal defect
Pericardial fluid
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricles
Mechanical or biologic

43. What is the rastelli procedure
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

44. What is cardiac tamponade
Water
Mechanical or biologic
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

45. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Sternal notch
Chordae tendineae
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
72 bpm

46. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ligamentum venosum
From the ascending aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

47. What are the layers of the heart
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

48. what vessels are used for CPBG
Ductus venosus
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Before the third week of gestation
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

49. What are non-sterile procedures
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Done on the aerodigestive tract
72 bpm
A single artery arising from both ventricles

50. What is cardiomyopathy
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Generator and electrode
Disease of the heart muscle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side