Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How many pulmonary veins are there
The contraction phase of the heart
Water
There are 4
Before the third week of gestation

2. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
A single artery arising from both ventricles

3. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Water

4. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ductus venosus
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

5. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Chordae tendineae
Upper chambers - atria
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

6. How many chambers in the heart
Generator and electrode
4
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

7. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The contraction phase of the heart

8. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

9. What does the umbilical vein become
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ductus venosus
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
4

10. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

11. What is the name for the upper chambers
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Atria

12. What is coarctation of the aorta
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Localized narrowing of the aorta
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

13. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Upper chambers - atria
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

14. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

15. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Water
Ligamentum venosum

16. What is cardiac tamponade
Mitral valve
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Disease of the heart muscle

17. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ligamentum venosum
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

18. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

19. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Mechanical or biologic
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Right atrium or venae cavae

20. What is the name for the lower chambers
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

21. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ductus venosus
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

22. Where does the coronary artery arise
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
72 bpm
Pericardial fluid
From the ascending aorta

23. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Chordae tendineae
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

24. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Right atrium or venae cavae
Generator and electrode
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

25. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Before the third week of gestation
A single artery arising from both ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

26. What are non-sterile procedures
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Done on the aerodigestive tract
A single artery arising from both ventricles

27. which chambers receive blood from the veins
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Disease of the heart muscle
72 bpm
Upper chambers - atria

28. What is the bundle of his
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

29. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ligamentum venosum

30. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Mechanical or biologic
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

31. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
The contraction phase of the heart
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

32. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Water

33. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
4
Before the third week of gestation
Ligamentum venosum

34. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Sternal notch
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Before the third week of gestation

35. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
72 bpm
From the ascending aorta

36. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Before the third week of gestation
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Disease of the heart muscle
72 bpm

37. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Water
Done on the aerodigestive tract

38. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Pericardial fluid
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

39. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
From the ascending aorta
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Mitral valve

40. What is tricuspid atresia
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

41. What is cardiomyopathy
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Disease of the heart muscle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

42. What is an atrial septal defect
Mechanical or biologic
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ductus venosus
The contraction phase of the heart

43. What are the layers of the heart
4
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

44. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Done on the aerodigestive tract
4
Localized narrowing of the aorta

45. What is the circulation through the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

46. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Sternal notch
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Generator and electrode
There are 4

47. What is pulmonary stenosis
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
4

48. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Disease of the heart muscle
4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

49. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Pericardial fluid
Upper chambers - atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Atria

50. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Lower chambers - ventricles