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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the most common chest deformity
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

2. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

3. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Disease of the heart muscle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

4. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Localized narrowing of the aorta
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

5. Where does the coronary artery arise
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
From the ascending aorta
There are 4
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

6. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Disease of the heart muscle
Right atrium or venae cavae

7. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
72 bpm
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

8. what vessels are used for CPBG
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Localized narrowing of the aorta

9. What is the name for the upper chambers
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

10. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Upper chambers - atria
Generator and electrode

11. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
72 bpm

12. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Disease of the heart muscle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Atria
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

13. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Pericardial fluid
Lower chambers - ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

14. What arteries supply the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
The relaxation phase of the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

15. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Chordae tendineae
72 bpm
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Mechanical or biologic

16. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

17. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Water
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
From the ascending aorta

18. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Before the third week of gestation
Generator and electrode
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

19. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
Water
72 bpm
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

20. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
From the ascending aorta
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Mitral valve
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

21. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

22. Where is the bicuspid valve located
From the ascending aorta
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Mechanical or biologic

23. What is tricuspid atresia
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

24. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ductus venosus

25. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Before the third week of gestation
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

26. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Atria
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

27. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Atria
Mitral valve
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Upper chambers - atria

28. What is cardiomyopathy
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Atria
Disease of the heart muscle

29. What is bradycardia
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ligamentum venosum

30. What are non-sterile procedures
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Pericardial fluid
72 bpm
Done on the aerodigestive tract

31. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
Atria
Pericardial fluid
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

32. What is an atrial septal defect
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Disease of the heart muscle

33. What is a ventricular septal defect
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
The contraction phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

34. What is diastole
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
The relaxation phase of the heart

35. How many chambers in the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Atria
4

36. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Mechanical or biologic
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

37. What is the circulation through the heart
Chordae tendineae
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

38. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

39. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
4
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

40. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

41. What is pulmonary stenosis
Generator and electrode
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
4

42. What are cyanotic defects
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Mechanical or biologic
72 bpm

43. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

44. What is cardiac tamponade
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart

45. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
The relaxation phase of the heart
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Mechanical or biologic
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

46. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ductus venosus

47. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
Ligamentum venosum
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
The relaxation phase of the heart

48. What does the umbilical vein become
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ductus venosus
Localized narrowing of the aorta

49. What is the location of the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
72 bpm
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

50. What is the bundle of his
Sternal notch
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium