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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is bradycardia
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

2. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ductus venosus
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

3. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Sternal notch
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

4. What is coarctation of the aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae
Chordae tendineae
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Mitral valve

5. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Disease of the heart muscle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

6. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ligamentum venosum
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

7. What is pulmonary stenosis
Lower chambers - ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

8. What are non-sterile procedures
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Done on the aerodigestive tract

9. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ductus venosus

10. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
The contraction phase of the heart
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Generator and electrode
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

11. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Mitral valve
4
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

12. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
The contraction phase of the heart
Disease of the heart muscle
Ventricles

13. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Water
Sternal notch

14. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Atria

15. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Pericardial fluid
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

16. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

17. What arteries supply the heart
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
There are 4

18. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Sternal notch
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

19. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ligamentum venosum
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

20. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
From the ascending aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ligamentum venosum
There are 4

21. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
72 bpm
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Atria

22. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Upper chambers - atria
Generator and electrode
Disease of the heart muscle

23. What is an atrial septal defect
Pericardial fluid
Disease of the heart muscle
A single artery arising from both ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

24. What is cardiac tamponade
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

25. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Generator and electrode
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles

26. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
72 bpm
A single artery arising from both ventricles

27. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Lower chambers - ventricles

28. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

29. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Atria

30. What is the rastelli procedure
Sternal notch
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

31. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Right atrium or venae cavae

32. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Upper chambers - atria
From the ascending aorta
Ligamentum venosum

33. How many chambers in the heart
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
4
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta

34. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Mechanical or biologic
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ventricles

35. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
4
72 bpm

36. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Disease of the heart muscle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

37. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
From the ascending aorta
Ligamentum venosum

38. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Chordae tendineae

39. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

40. what covers the heart
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Localized narrowing of the aorta

41. What is the most common chest deformity
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Chordae tendineae
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Water

42. When does development of the heart begin
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Generator and electrode
Ventricles
Before the third week of gestation

43. Where does the coronary artery arise
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
From the ascending aorta
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

44. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
Ventricles
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Localized narrowing of the aorta

45. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Pericardial fluid
Ductus venosus
Ligamentum venosum

46. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
A single artery arising from both ventricles

47. What are acyanotic defects
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Mechanical or biologic
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

48. what vessels are used for CPBG
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

49. What are cyanotic defects
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

50. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Chordae tendineae
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle