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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is diastole
Disease of the heart muscle
Ligamentum venosum
The relaxation phase of the heart
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

2. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Sternal notch
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

3. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Upper chambers - atria
Ligamentum venosum
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

4. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Water
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Upper chambers - atria

5. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

6. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

7. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
A single artery arising from both ventricles

8. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Ventricles
Sternal notch
Pericardial fluid
There are 4

9. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
There are 4
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles

10. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
Generator and electrode
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Water

11. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Chordae tendineae

12. What is bradycardia
Chordae tendineae
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

13. Where does the coronary artery arise
There are 4
From the ascending aorta
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

14. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
The contraction phase of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

15. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

16. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

17. What is systole
The relaxation phase of the heart
The contraction phase of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

18. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

19. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Sternal notch
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

20. what vessels are used for CPBG
Right atrium or venae cavae
Lower chambers - ventricles
Mitral valve
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

21. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Before the third week of gestation

22. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

23. What are the layers of the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
From the ascending aorta
Mechanical or biologic

24. How many pulmonary veins are there
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
There are 4
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

25. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Water
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Sternal notch

26. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Water
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

27. What does the umbilical vein become
There are 4
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ductus venosus

28. What is cardiomyopathy
Lower chambers - ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Disease of the heart muscle

29. which chambers receive blood from the veins
72 bpm
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Upper chambers - atria

30. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

31. How many chambers in the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
4

32. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Sternal notch
Before the third week of gestation
Chordae tendineae
A single artery arising from both ventricles

33. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Mitral valve

34. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Chordae tendineae

35. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Sternal notch
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

36. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Mechanical or biologic

37. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Right atrium or venae cavae
Generator and electrode
Atria
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

38. What is the most common chest deformity
Pericardial fluid
Atria
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Done on the aerodigestive tract

39. What are non-sterile procedures
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
From the ascending aorta
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Done on the aerodigestive tract

40. What is the name for the upper chambers
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Atria
Ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

41. What is tricuspid atresia
Mitral valve
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

42. What is the location of the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

43. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Water
Right atrium or venae cavae
The relaxation phase of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

44. What is an atrial septal defect
Upper chambers - atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Pericardial fluid

45. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Atria
Ligamentum venosum
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

46. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Sternal notch
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

47. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Chordae tendineae
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

48. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Chordae tendineae
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

49. What is the circulation through the heart
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
4
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

50. What are cyanotic defects
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart

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Cardiac Surgery

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