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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is systole
From the ascending aorta
The contraction phase of the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

2. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
The contraction phase of the heart
Mechanical or biologic

3. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
72 bpm
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

4. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
Ductus venosus
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Disease of the heart muscle

5. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

6. What arteries supply the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Atria
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

7. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Water

8. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
72 bpm
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

9. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Disease of the heart muscle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

10. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ventricles

11. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Mitral valve
Ventricles

12. When does development of the heart begin
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Atria
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Before the third week of gestation

13. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

14. What is the bundle of his
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

15. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Chordae tendineae
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

16. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
72 bpm
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Mechanical or biologic

17. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Mitral valve
Atria

18. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Mechanical or biologic
The contraction phase of the heart

19. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Lower chambers - ventricles
Pericardial fluid
Generator and electrode

20. Where is the tricuspid valve located
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

21. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

22. How many chambers in the heart
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
4
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

23. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Before the third week of gestation
From the ascending aorta
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

24. What is a ventricular septal defect
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ligamentum venosum
Localized narrowing of the aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

25. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Water
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

26. What does the umbilical vein become
Mechanical or biologic
Ductus venosus
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

27. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
From the ascending aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
A single artery arising from both ventricles

28. What is cardiomyopathy
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Disease of the heart muscle
The relaxation phase of the heart
Lower chambers - ventricles

29. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
4
Generator and electrode
Done on the aerodigestive tract

30. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

31. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ductus venosus
Right atrium or venae cavae
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ventricles

32. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles

33. What is an atrial septal defect
Disease of the heart muscle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Mechanical or biologic
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

34. What is tricuspid atresia
Chordae tendineae
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

35. What are acyanotic defects
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Upper chambers - atria

36. What is the circulation through the heart
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

37. How many pulmonary veins are there
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
There are 4
Done on the aerodigestive tract

38. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
There are 4
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

39. What is cardiac tamponade
Disease of the heart muscle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

40. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Sternal notch
Chordae tendineae

41. What is pulmonary stenosis
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Upper chambers - atria
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
The contraction phase of the heart

42. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

43. What are the layers of the heart
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

44. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Disease of the heart muscle

45. What is the most common chest deformity
The contraction phase of the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Atria
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

46. What are non-sterile procedures
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

47. What are cyanotic defects
Mitral valve
The relaxation phase of the heart
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

48. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Chordae tendineae
Atria

49. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Chordae tendineae

50. What is the rastelli procedure
Ductus venosus
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery