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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ligamentum venosum
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta

2. How many pulmonary veins are there
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
There are 4
Sternal notch

3. What is an atrial septal defect
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

4. Where does the coronary artery arise
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
From the ascending aorta
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Water

5. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Water

6. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

7. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Generator and electrode
Mechanical or biologic
Right atrium or venae cavae

8. what vessels are used for CPBG
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
The relaxation phase of the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Generator and electrode

9. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Done on the aerodigestive tract

10. What are non-sterile procedures
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
From the ascending aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract

11. What are cyanotic defects
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Upper chambers - atria

12. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
From the ascending aorta

13. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Pericardial fluid

14. What is coarctation of the aorta
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
A single artery arising from both ventricles

15. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Water
Mitral valve
Done on the aerodigestive tract

16. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
The contraction phase of the heart

17. What are the layers of the heart
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Chordae tendineae
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

18. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Pericardial fluid
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

19. What are acyanotic defects
Ligamentum venosum
There are 4
The relaxation phase of the heart
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

20. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

21. What is the name for the lower chambers
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ventricles
There are 4
Pericardial fluid

22. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

23. What is the bundle of his
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

24. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Upper chambers - atria
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
There are 4

25. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Generator and electrode
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Upper chambers - atria

26. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

27. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Disease of the heart muscle
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

28. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ligamentum venosum
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

29. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

30. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Sternal notch

31. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Atria
There are 4

32. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Lower chambers - ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ligamentum venosum

33. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
From the ascending aorta
Water
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

34. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
Generator and electrode
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

35. What is bradycardia
Ductus venosus
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ventricles

36. What does the cardiac cycle include
Chordae tendineae
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Upper chambers - atria
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

37. What is cardiomyopathy
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Disease of the heart muscle

38. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Chordae tendineae
72 bpm
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

39. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Lower chambers - ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

40. What is the name for the upper chambers
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Atria
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

41. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
A single artery arising from both ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart

42. How many chambers in the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
4
Ductus venosus
The contraction phase of the heart

43. What is systole
The relaxation phase of the heart
There are 4
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
The contraction phase of the heart

44. What is tricuspid atresia
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
From the ascending aorta
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

45. What is cardiac tamponade
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

46. What is the most common chest deformity
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
72 bpm

47. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
From the ascending aorta
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

48. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Water
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Right atrium or venae cavae

49. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

50. When does development of the heart begin
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Before the third week of gestation
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles