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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What arteries supply the heart
Chordae tendineae
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

2. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Mechanical or biologic

3. What does the umbilical vein become
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ductus venosus
Ligamentum venosum
Done on the aerodigestive tract

4. What are cyanotic defects
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Upper chambers - atria
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

5. What is pulmonary stenosis
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Atria
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

6. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Mitral valve
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

7. How many chambers in the heart
4
Chordae tendineae
Mitral valve
There are 4

8. What is the name for the upper chambers
Sternal notch
Atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

9. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The contraction phase of the heart
Generator and electrode
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

10. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Upper chambers - atria
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

11. Where does the coronary artery arise
Localized narrowing of the aorta
From the ascending aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

12. What does the cardiac cycle include
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
There are 4
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

13. What is the rastelli procedure
Sternal notch
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

14. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
From the ascending aorta

15. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
From the ascending aorta
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

16. What is cardiomyopathy
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Disease of the heart muscle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

17. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Pericardial fluid
Before the third week of gestation
Chordae tendineae

18. What is bradycardia
The contraction phase of the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

19. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
The contraction phase of the heart
Mitral valve

20. What is coarctation of the aorta
Chordae tendineae
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

21. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
72 bpm
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

22. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Water
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

23. What is the name for the lower chambers
Chordae tendineae
Sternal notch
Ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

24. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ligamentum venosum

25. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ligamentum venosum

26. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Atria
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Pericardial fluid
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

27. What is systole
Mitral valve
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The contraction phase of the heart
Lower chambers - ventricles

28. What is the circulation through the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Before the third week of gestation

29. What is the bundle of his
4
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

30. What are acyanotic defects
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Upper chambers - atria
Ductus venosus
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

31. How many pulmonary veins are there
Water
Ligamentum venosum
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
There are 4

32. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ductus venosus

33. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
Chordae tendineae
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

34. what solution is NOT used during CPB
The contraction phase of the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Pericardial fluid
Water

35. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Generator and electrode
Water
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

36. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Upper chambers - atria
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
There are 4
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

37. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
72 bpm
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

38. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Right atrium or venae cavae
4

39. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Sternal notch
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
72 bpm
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

40. What is the location of the heart
The contraction phase of the heart
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

41. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Mechanical or biologic
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

42. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Before the third week of gestation
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Done on the aerodigestive tract

43. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Right atrium or venae cavae

44. What is diastole
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The relaxation phase of the heart
Ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract

45. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Localized narrowing of the aorta
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

46. What is cardiac tamponade
Lower chambers - ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

47. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
72 bpm
The relaxation phase of the heart
The contraction phase of the heart

48. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Right atrium or venae cavae
Lower chambers - ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
72 bpm

49. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Generator and electrode

50. What are the layers of the heart
Upper chambers - atria
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
4