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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How many chambers in the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
4
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

2. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
72 bpm
Mechanical or biologic
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

3. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Sternal notch
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

4. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Upper chambers - atria
Pericardial fluid
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

5. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
The relaxation phase of the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Disease of the heart muscle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

6. Where does the coronary artery arise
The relaxation phase of the heart
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
From the ascending aorta
Atria

7. What is the bundle of his
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Pericardial fluid

8. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

9. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
From the ascending aorta
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

10. What are the layers of the heart
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

11. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
The contraction phase of the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

12. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Generator and electrode
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Right atrium or venae cavae

13. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

14. What is coarctation of the aorta
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ligamentum venosum
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

15. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Pericardial fluid
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

16. What is a ventricular septal defect
The contraction phase of the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles

17. What is the rastelli procedure
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Mitral valve
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

18. What is tricuspid atresia
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Atria

19. What is bradycardia
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

20. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

21. what covers the heart
Ductus venosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
4
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

22. When does development of the heart begin
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Upper chambers - atria
Before the third week of gestation
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

23. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

24. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
Mitral valve
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

25. What are non-sterile procedures
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Chordae tendineae

26. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Localized narrowing of the aorta

27. What is cardiac tamponade
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Mitral valve
Pericardial fluid

28. How many pulmonary veins are there
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
There are 4
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

29. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

30. What is the location of the heart
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Water
The relaxation phase of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

31. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
72 bpm

32. What are cyanotic defects
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Done on the aerodigestive tract

33. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
72 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

34. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
There are 4
Right atrium or venae cavae
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

35. What does the umbilical vein become
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ductus venosus

36. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

37. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ligamentum venosum
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

38. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
4
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Mitral valve

39. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Before the third week of gestation
Mechanical or biologic
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

40. What does the cardiac cycle include
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ductus venosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

41. What is the circulation through the heart
Ductus venosus
Upper chambers - atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

42. What is the name for the upper chambers
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
72 bpm
Atria
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

43. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

44. what solution is NOT used during CPB
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Water
Upper chambers - atria
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

45. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Water
Lower chambers - ventricles

46. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

47. What is diastole
The contraction phase of the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
The relaxation phase of the heart

48. What are acyanotic defects
Mechanical or biologic
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

49. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

50. What is pulmonary stenosis
72 bpm
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat