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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Before the third week of gestation
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

2. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Mechanical or biologic

3. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

4. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Pericardial fluid
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

5. Where is the bicuspid valve located
The contraction phase of the heart
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Lower chambers - ventricles

6. What arteries supply the heart
Ventricles
Upper chambers - atria
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

7. What are cyanotic defects
Disease of the heart muscle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Mitral valve
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

8. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

9. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Atria
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
72 bpm
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

10. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Mechanical or biologic
Sternal notch
Water

11. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Generator and electrode
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

12. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ductus venosus
From the ascending aorta

13. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Water
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Before the third week of gestation

14. What is diastole
Ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
Upper chambers - atria
Disease of the heart muscle

15. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Chordae tendineae
Localized narrowing of the aorta

16. What are acyanotic defects
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Mitral valve

17. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Sternal notch

18. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Mechanical or biologic
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

19. what covers the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

20. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Right atrium or venae cavae
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

21. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

22. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

23. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ventricles

24. What are non-sterile procedures
Upper chambers - atria
Ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

25. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Generator and electrode
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

26. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Mitral valve
Lower chambers - ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Chordae tendineae

27. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Lower chambers - ventricles
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ligamentum venosum

28. What does the umbilical vein become
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ductus venosus
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Atria

29. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Ventricles
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
The contraction phase of the heart

30. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ductus venosus
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

31. What does the cardiac cycle include
Chordae tendineae
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
There are 4
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

32. How many chambers in the heart
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
4
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

33. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Right atrium or venae cavae
The contraction phase of the heart

34. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Pericardial fluid
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

35. What is cardiac tamponade
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Generator and electrode

36. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ligamentum venosum

37. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Upper chambers - atria
Ductus venosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles

38. What is the most common chest deformity
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

39. What are the layers of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
A single artery arising from both ventricles

40. What is the bundle of his
There are 4
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

41. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Done on the aerodigestive tract
72 bpm
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

42. what vessels are used for CPBG
Right atrium or venae cavae
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

43. What is an atrial septal defect
Ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

44. What is the rastelli procedure
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Chordae tendineae
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

45. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Water
Disease of the heart muscle

46. What is tricuspid atresia
Mechanical or biologic
Pericardial fluid
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

47. What is the location of the heart
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Mechanical or biologic
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

48. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Upper chambers - atria
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

49. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

50. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Chordae tendineae
Mitral valve
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers