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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Chordae tendineae
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

2. Where is the tricuspid valve located
There are 4
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Mitral valve
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

3. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Mechanical or biologic
Chordae tendineae
Ligamentum venosum

4. What is bradycardia
From the ascending aorta
Atria
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Before the third week of gestation

5. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

6. What is the name for the lower chambers
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ventricles
Sternal notch
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

7. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Disease of the heart muscle
Mechanical or biologic

8. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
4
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Water

9. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Disease of the heart muscle
4
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Mechanical or biologic

10. which chambers receive blood from the veins
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
4
There are 4
Upper chambers - atria

11. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

12. What is the name for the upper chambers
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Atria
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

13. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
Disease of the heart muscle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
4

14. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

15. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

16. How many pulmonary veins are there
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
There are 4
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

17. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Chordae tendineae
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

18. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Disease of the heart muscle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Mitral valve

19. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Chordae tendineae
There are 4
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

20. what vessels are used for CPBG
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Water
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

21. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

22. What is the rastelli procedure
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ligamentum venosum

23. What is cardiac tamponade
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Mechanical or biologic
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

24. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Atria
From the ascending aorta

25. What is the location of the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

26. What are the layers of the heart
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

27. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Atria
Localized narrowing of the aorta
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Generator and electrode

28. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Water
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Before the third week of gestation

29. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Water
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
There are 4

30. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Before the third week of gestation
Ligamentum venosum
Mechanical or biologic
A single artery arising from both ventricles

31. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
The contraction phase of the heart
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

32. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Disease of the heart muscle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

33. Where does the coronary artery arise
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
From the ascending aorta

34. What is tricuspid atresia
A single artery arising from both ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

35. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricles
Mechanical or biologic
Sternal notch

36. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
72 bpm
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

37. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
4
Pericardial fluid
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

38. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
There are 4
Ventricles
Sternal notch

39. What are cyanotic defects
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Upper chambers - atria
Atria

40. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
The relaxation phase of the heart
Water

41. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Sternal notch

42. What is diastole
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

43. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
From the ascending aorta

44. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
The relaxation phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

45. What is cardiomyopathy
The relaxation phase of the heart
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Disease of the heart muscle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

46. How many chambers in the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
4
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

47. Where is the bicuspid valve located
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

48. What are non-sterile procedures
Generator and electrode
Before the third week of gestation
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

49. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Chordae tendineae
Water
4

50. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
From the ascending aorta
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers