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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Mechanical or biologic
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

2. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Before the third week of gestation

3. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Upper chambers - atria
From the ascending aorta

4. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
Ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

5. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Sternal notch

6. What does the umbilical vein become
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ductus venosus

7. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
There are 4
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

8. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Mechanical or biologic
There are 4
Lower chambers - ventricles

9. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

10. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Pericardial fluid
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

11. what solution is NOT used during CPB
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Water
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

12. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
72 bpm
Pericardial fluid

13. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Mitral valve
From the ascending aorta
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

14. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Atria
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

15. What is cardiac tamponade
Pericardial fluid
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Disease of the heart muscle

16. What is cardiomyopathy
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Disease of the heart muscle

17. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Water
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

18. what covers the heart
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

19. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Generator and electrode
Chordae tendineae
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

20. What is tricuspid atresia
Ductus venosus
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Lower chambers - ventricles

21. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Lower chambers - ventricles
Chordae tendineae
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

22. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

23. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Right atrium or venae cavae
Pericardial fluid
72 bpm

24. What is the bundle of his
Generator and electrode
72 bpm
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

25. What is a ventricular septal defect
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

26. What is the most common chest deformity
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
72 bpm

27. What is the rastelli procedure
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

28. What is an atrial septal defect
Mitral valve
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

29. What is systole
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
The contraction phase of the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

30. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Disease of the heart muscle
Chordae tendineae

31. What is the circulation through the heart
Ductus venosus
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

32. What is the name for the lower chambers
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

33. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
The contraction phase of the heart
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

34. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Generator and electrode
Pericardial fluid
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
72 bpm

35. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Mechanical or biologic

36. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Mechanical or biologic

37. What arteries supply the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

38. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
The relaxation phase of the heart
Chordae tendineae
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

39. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

40. How many pulmonary veins are there
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
There are 4
Ductus venosus
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

41. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Chordae tendineae

42. When does development of the heart begin
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Before the third week of gestation

43. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Lower chambers - ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Water

44. What are non-sterile procedures
Mechanical or biologic
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ligamentum venosum
Atria

45. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
Water
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

46. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

47. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
There are 4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

48. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Generator and electrode
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae

49. What is coarctation of the aorta
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ligamentum venosum
Localized narrowing of the aorta

50. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Before the third week of gestation
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest