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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Ventricles
Sternal notch
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

2. When does development of the heart begin
Chordae tendineae
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Before the third week of gestation
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

3. Where does the coronary artery arise
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
From the ascending aorta
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

4. What is the most common chest deformity
Atria
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
From the ascending aorta
Ligamentum venosum

5. What is pulmonary stenosis
The relaxation phase of the heart
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

6. what covers the heart
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ventricles

7. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

8. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ligamentum venosum

9. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

10. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
4
Sternal notch

11. what vessels are used for CPBG
The contraction phase of the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

12. What is a ventricular septal defect
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

13. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Lower chambers - ventricles
4

14. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Right atrium or venae cavae
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Pericardial fluid

15. What is cardiac tamponade
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Generator and electrode
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

16. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Mechanical or biologic
Ventricles

17. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Mechanical or biologic
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Disease of the heart muscle
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

18. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Ventricles
Upper chambers - atria
Localized narrowing of the aorta
The contraction phase of the heart

19. What are the layers of the heart
The relaxation phase of the heart
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

20. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Disease of the heart muscle
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

21. What arteries supply the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Disease of the heart muscle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

22. What are non-sterile procedures
Upper chambers - atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract
From the ascending aorta
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

23. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Right atrium or venae cavae
Water
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

24. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

25. What are acyanotic defects
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
There are 4
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

26. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Pericardial fluid
Lower chambers - ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

27. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart

28. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

29. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
From the ascending aorta

30. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
Sternal notch
Before the third week of gestation
The relaxation phase of the heart

31. What is coarctation of the aorta
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Localized narrowing of the aorta
From the ascending aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

32. What is the bundle of his
Atria
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Mitral valve

33. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Right atrium or venae cavae

34. How many chambers in the heart
Before the third week of gestation
Ductus venosus
Pericardial fluid
4

35. What does the cardiac cycle include
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

36. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Disease of the heart muscle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

37. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Ligamentum venosum
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
The contraction phase of the heart

38. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Water
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Disease of the heart muscle

39. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
The contraction phase of the heart
Mechanical or biologic

40. What is the circulation through the heart
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Before the third week of gestation
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

41. What is systole
Lower chambers - ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Water
The contraction phase of the heart

42. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Pericardial fluid
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

43. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Before the third week of gestation
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ventricles

44. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
Upper chambers - atria
Right atrium or venae cavae
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

45. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Ductus venosus
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ligamentum venosum
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

46. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Before the third week of gestation
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
The relaxation phase of the heart

47. What are cyanotic defects
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Localized narrowing of the aorta

48. What is the name for the lower chambers
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ventricles
72 bpm
Sternal notch

49. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle

50. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
Mitral valve
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery