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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Disease of the heart muscle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
There are 4

2. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Done on the aerodigestive tract
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Mechanical or biologic

3. How many chambers in the heart
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Upper chambers - atria
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
4

4. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ligamentum venosum
Water
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

5. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
72 bpm
Chordae tendineae
The relaxation phase of the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

6. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Before the third week of gestation
Lower chambers - ventricles
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

7. What is systole
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
The contraction phase of the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

8. What are the layers of the heart
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

9. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Atria

10. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Chordae tendineae
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

11. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Done on the aerodigestive tract

12. What does the cardiac cycle include
Right atrium or venae cavae
Lower chambers - ventricles
Mitral valve
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

13. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
72 bpm

14. What is cardiac tamponade
Pericardial fluid
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ventricles

15. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Sternal notch
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

16. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Generator and electrode
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

17. What is the rastelli procedure
Before the third week of gestation
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

18. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
4
Sternal notch

19. What are acyanotic defects
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The relaxation phase of the heart

20. What does the umbilical vein become
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ductus venosus
Upper chambers - atria

21. What is the name for the lower chambers
Chordae tendineae
Ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

22. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Localized narrowing of the aorta
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

23. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

24. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Mechanical or biologic
The contraction phase of the heart
Generator and electrode
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

25. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Chordae tendineae
Upper chambers - atria
Disease of the heart muscle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

26. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

27. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Upper chambers - atria
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

28. What is the bundle of his
Chordae tendineae
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ligamentum venosum

29. Where does the coronary artery arise
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
From the ascending aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

30. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
72 bpm
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

31. What is the location of the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Atria
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

32. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Upper chambers - atria
Localized narrowing of the aorta

33. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Done on the aerodigestive tract
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
The contraction phase of the heart
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

34. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ligamentum venosum

35. What arteries supply the heart
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Mitral valve

36. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Sternal notch
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

37. When does development of the heart begin
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Water
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Before the third week of gestation

38. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Upper chambers - atria
Lower chambers - ventricles
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

39. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

40. Where is the bicuspid valve located
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

41. What is the circulation through the heart
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

42. What is the name for the upper chambers
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Atria
Disease of the heart muscle

43. What is bradycardia
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Atria
Mitral valve
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

44. What is cardiomyopathy
From the ascending aorta
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

45. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Water
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
There are 4

46. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Mitral valve

47. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
The contraction phase of the heart
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

48. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
72 bpm
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Right atrium or venae cavae
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

49. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

50. What are cyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract