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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the name for the upper chambers
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Atria
Upper chambers - atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

2. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Mechanical or biologic
From the ascending aorta

3. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Pericardial fluid
Atria
Right atrium or venae cavae

4. which chambers receive blood from the veins
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Generator and electrode
Pericardial fluid
Upper chambers - atria

5. what solution is NOT used during CPB
4
Mitral valve
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Water

6. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
72 bpm

7. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Ductus venosus
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Pericardial fluid

8. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Before the third week of gestation
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The relaxation phase of the heart
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

9. What is coarctation of the aorta
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
There are 4
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

10. What is bradycardia
Upper chambers - atria
Disease of the heart muscle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

11. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

12. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
From the ascending aorta
Mitral valve
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

13. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

14. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Chordae tendineae
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

15. What is diastole
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
The relaxation phase of the heart
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

16. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
72 bpm
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ligamentum venosum
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

17. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Atria
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Mitral valve

18. What is pulmonary stenosis
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Upper chambers - atria

19. What are the layers of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Generator and electrode
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

20. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

21. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Localized narrowing of the aorta

22. What are acyanotic defects
Disease of the heart muscle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The contraction phase of the heart

23. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Chordae tendineae
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

24. What is cardiomyopathy
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Disease of the heart muscle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

25. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Water
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

26. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
4
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

27. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Generator and electrode
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Disease of the heart muscle
Before the third week of gestation

28. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

29. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
The contraction phase of the heart
72 bpm
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

30. What is the name for the lower chambers
Upper chambers - atria
Ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

31. What is the most common chest deformity
Mitral valve
From the ascending aorta
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

32. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

33. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Upper chambers - atria

34. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Water
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Mechanical or biologic
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

35. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Generator and electrode
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
4
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

36. Where does the coronary artery arise
Atria
From the ascending aorta
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

37. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
72 bpm
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Mitral valve

38. What is the circulation through the heart
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
There are 4
Right atrium or venae cavae
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

39. Where is the bicuspid valve located
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

40. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
4
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart

41. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Generator and electrode
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

42. what vessels are used for CPBG
Done on the aerodigestive tract
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

43. What are cyanotic defects
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Disease of the heart muscle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

44. What arteries supply the heart
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Generator and electrode
Right atrium or venae cavae
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

45. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

46. How many chambers in the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ligamentum venosum
4
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

47. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
4
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

48. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles

49. What does the umbilical vein become
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ductus venosus

50. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Atria
Disease of the heart muscle