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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
From the ascending aorta
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ligamentum venosum
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

2. What is pulmonary stenosis
Ventricles
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

3. What is systole
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Pericardial fluid
The contraction phase of the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract

4. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

5. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
72 bpm

6. What does the cardiac cycle include
From the ascending aorta
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Generator and electrode

7. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
There are 4
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

8. When does development of the heart begin
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ventricles
Before the third week of gestation

9. What is an atrial septal defect
Before the third week of gestation
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Water
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

10. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

11. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Disease of the heart muscle
Mitral valve
Generator and electrode
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

12. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ductus venosus
Chordae tendineae
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

13. What is a ventricular septal defect
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ductus venosus
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

14. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Atria
Sternal notch
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

15. What is the location of the heart
Generator and electrode
Disease of the heart muscle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

16. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae

17. How many chambers in the heart
72 bpm
4
Atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

18. What is the name for the upper chambers
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Atria

19. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Disease of the heart muscle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ductus venosus
Generator and electrode

20. What are the layers of the heart
Ligamentum venosum
Localized narrowing of the aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

21. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

22. What is diastole
There are 4
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
The relaxation phase of the heart

23. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Lower chambers - ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

24. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

25. What are cyanotic defects
Sternal notch
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles

26. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
The contraction phase of the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

27. What is the most common chest deformity
Chordae tendineae
The contraction phase of the heart
Ligamentum venosum
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

28. what vessels are used for CPBG
From the ascending aorta
The relaxation phase of the heart
Atria
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

29. What does the umbilical vein become
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ductus venosus
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Chordae tendineae

30. What is the name for the lower chambers
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ventricles
Ductus venosus
Lower chambers - ventricles

31. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

32. What are non-sterile procedures
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Lower chambers - ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ductus venosus

33. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Upper chambers - atria

34. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles
Mitral valve
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

35. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
The relaxation phase of the heart
From the ascending aorta

36. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

37. Where does the coronary artery arise
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Sternal notch
From the ascending aorta
A single artery arising from both ventricles

38. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
Pericardial fluid
Water

39. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Upper chambers - atria

40. How many pulmonary veins are there
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Chordae tendineae
There are 4

41. What is tricuspid atresia
Right atrium or venae cavae
Atria
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

42. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

43. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Water
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Pericardial fluid

44. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
A single artery arising from both ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart

45. What are acyanotic defects
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

46. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
4
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
72 bpm
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

47. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Right atrium or venae cavae
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Pericardial fluid
Chordae tendineae

48. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Done on the aerodigestive tract
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

49. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Upper chambers - atria
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

50. What is cardiomyopathy
From the ascending aorta
Ligamentum venosum
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle

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Cardiac Surgery

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