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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles

2. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Before the third week of gestation
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Generator and electrode
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

3. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Upper chambers - atria
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

4. What is the most common chest deformity
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Pericardial fluid
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

5. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ductus venosus
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

6. How many pulmonary veins are there
Upper chambers - atria
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
There are 4

7. What is bradycardia
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

8. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract

9. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
4
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

10. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

11. What are non-sterile procedures
Mitral valve
Done on the aerodigestive tract
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
4

12. When does development of the heart begin
Chordae tendineae
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Before the third week of gestation

13. What is tricuspid atresia
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ligamentum venosum

14. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Chordae tendineae
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Water

15. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

16. How many chambers in the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

17. What is systole
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart
Sternal notch
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

18. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Sternal notch
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

19. What is coarctation of the aorta
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ligamentum venosum

20. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Chordae tendineae

21. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Chordae tendineae

22. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

23. What are acyanotic defects
Ductus venosus
From the ascending aorta
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The relaxation phase of the heart

24. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Mechanical or biologic

25. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Disease of the heart muscle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

26. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
4
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

27. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Chordae tendineae
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

28. What is the bundle of his
Ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

29. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Water
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
From the ascending aorta

30. Where does the coronary artery arise
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Upper chambers - atria
From the ascending aorta
Done on the aerodigestive tract

31. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Before the third week of gestation
Atria

32. what vessels are used for CPBG
Ligamentum venosum
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

33. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
72 bpm

34. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Water
Right atrium or venae cavae
Lower chambers - ventricles

35. What is an atrial septal defect
There are 4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Generator and electrode
Upper chambers - atria

36. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Upper chambers - atria
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ligamentum venosum

37. What is the rastelli procedure
4
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Before the third week of gestation
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

38. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Water
72 bpm
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
The contraction phase of the heart

39. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Upper chambers - atria
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

40. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
72 bpm
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Mechanical or biologic
Ductus venosus

41. What is the name for the upper chambers
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Water
Atria

42. What is pulmonary stenosis
4
Sternal notch
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ductus venosus

43. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Mitral valve
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

44. What are the layers of the heart
Atria
The relaxation phase of the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

45. What is the location of the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

46. What does the umbilical vein become
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ductus venosus

47. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
Generator and electrode
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

48. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles

49. What is the name for the lower chambers
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ventricles
Before the third week of gestation
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

50. What is the circulation through the heart
The contraction phase of the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Disease of the heart muscle