Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Upper chambers - atria
Localized narrowing of the aorta
72 bpm
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

2. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The contraction phase of the heart
72 bpm

3. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

4. What is a ventricular septal defect
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Generator and electrode
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

5. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ductus venosus
Water

6. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Pericardial fluid

7. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ligamentum venosum
Upper chambers - atria

8. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Upper chambers - atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Chordae tendineae

9. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Generator and electrode
Pericardial fluid
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

10. What is the name for the lower chambers
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

11. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Generator and electrode
Mitral valve

12. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Lower chambers - ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

13. When does development of the heart begin
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Pericardial fluid
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Before the third week of gestation

14. What is the circulation through the heart
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Disease of the heart muscle

15. What does the cardiac cycle include
Done on the aerodigestive tract
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
There are 4

16. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Pericardial fluid
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

17. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Pericardial fluid
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

18. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
72 bpm
Ligamentum venosum

19. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Before the third week of gestation
Disease of the heart muscle
4
Generator and electrode

20. What is the most common chest deformity
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Mitral valve
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

21. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Chordae tendineae
Before the third week of gestation

22. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Mitral valve

23. What is an atrial septal defect
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

24. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Mechanical or biologic
Chordae tendineae
Mitral valve

25. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

26. How many chambers in the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Before the third week of gestation
4
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

27. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Generator and electrode
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

28. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ductus venosus
Sternal notch
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

29. What are cyanotic defects
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Atria
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

30. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ductus venosus
Generator and electrode

31. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Generator and electrode
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

32. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Mitral valve
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

33. What are the layers of the heart
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
The contraction phase of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

34. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Chordae tendineae
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

35. What is pulmonary stenosis
Right atrium or venae cavae
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

36. What is the rastelli procedure
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Atria

37. What is diastole
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
The relaxation phase of the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

38. What is tricuspid atresia
The contraction phase of the heart
Upper chambers - atria
4
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

39. What is the location of the heart
Ductus venosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

40. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Mitral valve
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Mechanical or biologic

41. What are non-sterile procedures
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
The contraction phase of the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract

42. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
Mitral valve
Generator and electrode
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

43. what vessels are used for CPBG
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
From the ascending aorta
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

44. How many pulmonary veins are there
The relaxation phase of the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae
Mitral valve
There are 4

45. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
There are 4
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

46. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
Before the third week of gestation
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

47. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Atria
Mechanical or biologic
From the ascending aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

48. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
72 bpm
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Chordae tendineae

49. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Before the third week of gestation
Mitral valve

50. What arteries supply the heart
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ligamentum venosum
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria