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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How many pulmonary veins are there
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ligamentum venosum
There are 4
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

2. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ventricles
A single artery arising from both ventricles

3. How many chambers in the heart
4
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

4. What is coarctation of the aorta
Lower chambers - ventricles
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

5. What are acyanotic defects
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

6. What are non-sterile procedures
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

7. What is diastole
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Pericardial fluid
The relaxation phase of the heart

8. What is the bundle of his
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Localized narrowing of the aorta
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart

9. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Upper chambers - atria
Pericardial fluid
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

10. What is cardiomyopathy
Before the third week of gestation
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Disease of the heart muscle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

11. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

12. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Water
Sternal notch
72 bpm

13. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
The relaxation phase of the heart
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

14. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
There are 4
4
Lower chambers - ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle

15. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
The relaxation phase of the heart

16. What is cardiac tamponade
There are 4
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

17. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Mitral valve
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
72 bpm

18. What is bradycardia
Disease of the heart muscle
Before the third week of gestation
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Chordae tendineae

19. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Pericardial fluid
Before the third week of gestation
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ligamentum venosum

20. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Mechanical or biologic
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

21. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Sternal notch
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Before the third week of gestation

22. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Pericardial fluid
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

23. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ductus venosus

24. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

25. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Pericardial fluid
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

26. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
The contraction phase of the heart
There are 4
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles

27. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Atria
72 bpm
There are 4
Water

28. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

29. What is the rastelli procedure
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
The contraction phase of the heart

30. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
Chordae tendineae
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

31. What is the name for the upper chambers
Ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Atria

32. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Upper chambers - atria
Sternal notch

33. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Water
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
The contraction phase of the heart
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

34. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Done on the aerodigestive tract

35. When does development of the heart begin
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ligamentum venosum
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Before the third week of gestation

36. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

37. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Generator and electrode
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles

38. What are cyanotic defects
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

39. what vessels are used for CPBG
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Mitral valve

40. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Chordae tendineae
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Water
From the ascending aorta

41. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Mechanical or biologic
Ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

42. What is systole
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ligamentum venosum
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
The contraction phase of the heart

43. What is an atrial septal defect
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Disease of the heart muscle
Ductus venosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

44. What is the location of the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

45. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart

46. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Lower chambers - ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Mechanical or biologic

47. What is the most common chest deformity
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Upper chambers - atria
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

48. What are the layers of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ligamentum venosum
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

49. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

50. What is tricuspid atresia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Upper chambers - atria
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice