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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ductus venosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ventricles

2. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

3. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

4. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Chordae tendineae
Sternal notch
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

5. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Pericardial fluid

6. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Upper chambers - atria
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

7. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Atria

8. What is the most common chest deformity
Right atrium or venae cavae
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The contraction phase of the heart
Upper chambers - atria

9. What are cyanotic defects
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

10. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Water
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Mechanical or biologic

11. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Lower chambers - ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract

12. What is the circulation through the heart
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Pericardial fluid
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

13. Where is the bicuspid valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
The contraction phase of the heart
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

14. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
4
Lower chambers - ventricles
Mitral valve
Ventricles

15. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Sternal notch

16. What is coarctation of the aorta
4
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

17. What are non-sterile procedures
Ductus venosus
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Before the third week of gestation

18. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
72 bpm
Disease of the heart muscle

19. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Localized narrowing of the aorta
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Sternal notch
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

20. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Before the third week of gestation
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Generator and electrode
There are 4

21. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Ligamentum venosum

22. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Upper chambers - atria
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Before the third week of gestation

23. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Mechanical or biologic
Generator and electrode
72 bpm

24. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
Pericardial fluid
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricles

25. What is an atrial septal defect
Chordae tendineae
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
4

26. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Sternal notch
Lower chambers - ventricles
Atria
Chordae tendineae

27. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

28. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Lower chambers - ventricles
Pericardial fluid
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ligamentum venosum

29. What is systole
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ductus venosus
The contraction phase of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

30. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Pericardial fluid
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

31. What is cardiac tamponade
Mitral valve
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Atria

32. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Pericardial fluid
The relaxation phase of the heart

33. How many chambers in the heart
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Sternal notch
Chordae tendineae
4

34. What are acyanotic defects
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

35. What is a ventricular septal defect
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Right atrium or venae cavae
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

36. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ligamentum venosum

37. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Atria

38. When does development of the heart begin
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Sternal notch
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Before the third week of gestation

39. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Mitral valve
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

40. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Water
Mitral valve
Lower chambers - ventricles

41. What arteries supply the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Mitral valve
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

42. What is tricuspid atresia
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Chordae tendineae

43. How many pulmonary veins are there
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
There are 4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Localized narrowing of the aorta

44. What is cardiomyopathy
Water
Before the third week of gestation
Disease of the heart muscle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

45. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ligamentum venosum

46. What are the layers of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

47. what vessels are used for CPBG
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
72 bpm
Chordae tendineae
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

48. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Mitral valve
From the ascending aorta
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

49. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Pericardial fluid
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

50. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
4
72 bpm