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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
72 bpm
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

2. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
4

3. what covers the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

4. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

5. What is diastole
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Chordae tendineae
The relaxation phase of the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

6. How many pulmonary veins are there
Sternal notch
There are 4
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

7. What does the umbilical vein become
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ductus venosus

8. What arteries supply the heart
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
The contraction phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

9. what solution is NOT used during CPB
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Water
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

10. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
There are 4
The contraction phase of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Chordae tendineae

11. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
The contraction phase of the heart
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

12. What is the rastelli procedure
Ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

13. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

14. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Sternal notch
Right atrium or venae cavae

15. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Atria

16. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ligamentum venosum
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

17. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Atria
Generator and electrode

18. What is the most common chest deformity
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Pericardial fluid
Ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

19. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

20. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Upper chambers - atria
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

21. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

22. What is the bundle of his
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

23. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Sternal notch
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

24. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Disease of the heart muscle
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Mitral valve
Ventricles

25. What is a ventricular septal defect
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Done on the aerodigestive tract

26. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
Ventricles

27. What is coarctation of the aorta
There are 4
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

28. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Upper chambers - atria
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Mitral valve

29. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

30. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Mechanical or biologic
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

31. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

32. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
72 bpm
Ligamentum venosum

33. What does the cardiac cycle include
Ductus venosus
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

34. When does development of the heart begin
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Before the third week of gestation
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

35. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Ligamentum venosum
The relaxation phase of the heart
Mechanical or biologic
Generator and electrode

36. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Right atrium or venae cavae
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

37. which chambers receive blood from the veins
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Upper chambers - atria
Mechanical or biologic

38. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
72 bpm
Ductus venosus
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

39. What are the layers of the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Chordae tendineae
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

40. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

41. What is pulmonary stenosis
Chordae tendineae
The relaxation phase of the heart
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

42. What are cyanotic defects
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

43. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Disease of the heart muscle
Lower chambers - ventricles

44. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

45. Where does the coronary artery arise
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Ductus venosus
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
From the ascending aorta

46. How many chambers in the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
4
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

47. What is the location of the heart
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
From the ascending aorta
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

48. What is the name for the lower chambers
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ventricles

49. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Chordae tendineae
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

50. What is the name for the upper chambers
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Atria
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ventricles