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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What does the cardiac cycle include
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Atria
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

2. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Water

3. what vessels are used for CPBG
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The relaxation phase of the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

4. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

5. what covers the heart
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

6. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

7. What is pulmonary stenosis
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

8. What is the circulation through the heart
Generator and electrode
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Upper chambers - atria

9. What is systole
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The contraction phase of the heart
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

10. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
There are 4
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

11. What are cyanotic defects
72 bpm
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The relaxation phase of the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

12. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ventricles
4

13. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ligamentum venosum
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

14. How many chambers in the heart
4
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Pericardial fluid
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

15. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Upper chambers - atria
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

16. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Water
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

17. Where does the coronary artery arise
Generator and electrode
Upper chambers - atria
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
From the ascending aorta

18. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Upper chambers - atria

19. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

20. What is a ventricular septal defect
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

21. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

22. What is bradycardia
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

23. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The contraction phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Mitral valve

24. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Lower chambers - ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

25. What are the layers of the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

26. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ductus venosus

27. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Before the third week of gestation
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Pericardial fluid

28. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
Sternal notch
72 bpm
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

29. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Atria
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

30. What is cardiomyopathy
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Disease of the heart muscle
Water
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

31. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
Upper chambers - atria
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

32. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Upper chambers - atria

33. How many pulmonary veins are there
From the ascending aorta
Pericardial fluid
Lower chambers - ventricles
There are 4

34. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Lower chambers - ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
Ligamentum venosum
4

35. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Lower chambers - ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Right atrium or venae cavae

36. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Atria
Sternal notch
Before the third week of gestation
Water

37. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Generator and electrode
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

38. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Sternal notch
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

39. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Generator and electrode
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart

40. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Mechanical or biologic
Ventricles

41. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
72 bpm
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Mechanical or biologic

42. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

43. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Ductus venosus
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

44. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Atria
Ligamentum venosum
A single artery arising from both ventricles

45. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

46. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Water
Sternal notch
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
The contraction phase of the heart

47. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Water
Right atrium or venae cavae

48. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Right atrium or venae cavae

49. What is tricuspid atresia
The relaxation phase of the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

50. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus