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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are cyanotic defects
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
There are 4

2. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Ductus venosus
Upper chambers - atria
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

3. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Generator and electrode

4. What does the umbilical vein become
Ventricles
Ductus venosus
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

5. What is an atrial septal defect
Before the third week of gestation
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Mechanical or biologic
Chordae tendineae

6. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
A single artery arising from both ventricles

7. What is tricuspid atresia
Done on the aerodigestive tract
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ductus venosus
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

8. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ventricles

9. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
4
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

10. What does the cardiac cycle include
Upper chambers - atria
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Localized narrowing of the aorta
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

11. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
72 bpm

12. What is systole
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
The contraction phase of the heart
Disease of the heart muscle
Lower chambers - ventricles

13. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Mechanical or biologic
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ligamentum venosum
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

14. What is the circulation through the heart
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

15. What is pulmonary stenosis
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

16. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ligamentum venosum
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

17. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
Before the third week of gestation
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

18. What is diastole
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
Ligamentum venosum

19. What is the bundle of his
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Chordae tendineae
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

20. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Disease of the heart muscle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

21. what vessels are used for CPBG
Ligamentum venosum
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
There are 4

22. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Sternal notch

23. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
Sternal notch
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

24. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

25. When does development of the heart begin
Sternal notch
Before the third week of gestation
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

26. What is cardiomyopathy
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Disease of the heart muscle
Ductus venosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles

27. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Mitral valve
Atria
From the ascending aorta

28. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Mitral valve
Pericardial fluid
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Sternal notch

29. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Generator and electrode
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

30. What is the name for the upper chambers
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricles
Atria

31. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Generator and electrode
4
From the ascending aorta

32. What are acyanotic defects
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
From the ascending aorta
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

33. What is the location of the heart
Disease of the heart muscle
Before the third week of gestation
Ductus venosus
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

34. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Chordae tendineae
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

35. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ductus venosus

36. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

37. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ventricles

38. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Right atrium or venae cavae
Pericardial fluid

39. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Mitral valve
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
There are 4

40. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Mechanical or biologic
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ligamentum venosum

41. What are the layers of the heart
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

42. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

43. What is bradycardia
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart
Water
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

44. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Before the third week of gestation

45. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Pericardial fluid
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

46. What is cardiac tamponade
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
From the ascending aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Mitral valve

47. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Generator and electrode
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Sternal notch
Ductus venosus

48. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Mitral valve

49. What is coarctation of the aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Water
Localized narrowing of the aorta

50. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
There are 4
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
From the ascending aorta
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

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Cardiac Surgery

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