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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Sternal notch
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

2. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Ductus venosus
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

3. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Lower chambers - ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

4. what vessels are used for CPBG
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Mechanical or biologic
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

5. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Mitral valve
Pericardial fluid

6. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ligamentum venosum
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

7. What is the circulation through the heart
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae

8. What is pulmonary stenosis
Upper chambers - atria
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Before the third week of gestation
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

9. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Disease of the heart muscle

10. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
There are 4
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ligamentum venosum
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

11. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Ligamentum venosum
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

12. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Mitral valve
Before the third week of gestation

13. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Generator and electrode
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

14. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

15. How many pulmonary veins are there
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
There are 4
Lower chambers - ventricles
Chordae tendineae

16. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Ligamentum venosum
Water
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

17. What does the cardiac cycle include
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
4
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

18. What are the layers of the heart
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Sternal notch
Upper chambers - atria
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

19. What is systole
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
72 bpm
The contraction phase of the heart
Water

20. How many chambers in the heart
Chordae tendineae
4
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
A single artery arising from both ventricles

21. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Before the third week of gestation
Mechanical or biologic

22. What is tricuspid atresia
Ductus venosus
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Atria

23. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ligamentum venosum

24. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Ligamentum venosum
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

25. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
The contraction phase of the heart
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
4

26. Where is the bicuspid valve located
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Right atrium or venae cavae
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

27. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Before the third week of gestation
Chordae tendineae

28. What is a ventricular septal defect
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

29. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Mechanical or biologic
Chordae tendineae
Generator and electrode

30. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Upper chambers - atria
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

31. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

32. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
From the ascending aorta
Mitral valve
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

33. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Sternal notch

34. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
4
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Upper chambers - atria

35. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ductus venosus
72 bpm
Right atrium or venae cavae

36. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
There are 4
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Pericardial fluid

37. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Atria
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

38. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Before the third week of gestation
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

39. Where does the coronary artery arise
Disease of the heart muscle
From the ascending aorta
Sternal notch
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

40. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Mechanical or biologic

41. What are non-sterile procedures
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

42. What is the location of the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

43. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ligamentum venosum

44. What does the umbilical vein become
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ductus venosus
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

45. What is the name for the upper chambers
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

46. What arteries supply the heart
Atria
72 bpm
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

47. What is an atrial septal defect
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

48. what covers the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricles

49. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
72 bpm
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Mechanical or biologic

50. What are acyanotic defects
Atria
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles