Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
The contraction phase of the heart
The relaxation phase of the heart
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

2. What is the bundle of his
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

3. What is bradycardia
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
72 bpm
Upper chambers - atria

4. What is diastole
Mechanical or biologic
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
The relaxation phase of the heart
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

5. What does the umbilical vein become
The relaxation phase of the heart
72 bpm
Ductus venosus
The contraction phase of the heart

6. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
Ductus venosus
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Mechanical or biologic

7. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
From the ascending aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Water

8. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
4
Upper chambers - atria

9. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Upper chambers - atria
A single artery arising from both ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart
Sternal notch

10. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Lower chambers - ventricles

11. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

12. What is an atrial septal defect
A single artery arising from both ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta

13. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Lower chambers - ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

14. What is systole
Mitral valve
Pericardial fluid
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
The contraction phase of the heart

15. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
72 bpm
4
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

16. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Pericardial fluid
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Localized narrowing of the aorta

17. What is cardiomyopathy
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Disease of the heart muscle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ligamentum venosum

18. What is the location of the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Generator and electrode
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

19. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Before the third week of gestation

20. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

21. What does the cardiac cycle include
4
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

22. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

23. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
4
Ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle

24. what covers the heart
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Right atrium or venae cavae
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

25. Where does the coronary artery arise
Chordae tendineae
From the ascending aorta
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Mechanical or biologic

26. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Generator and electrode
From the ascending aorta
Ligamentum venosum
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

27. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Sternal notch

28. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
There are 4
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

29. What are cyanotic defects
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ligamentum venosum
Before the third week of gestation
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

30. What is the name for the lower chambers
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle

31. What is the most common chest deformity
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Sternal notch

32. What is tricuspid atresia
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Right atrium or venae cavae

33. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Before the third week of gestation
Upper chambers - atria
Right atrium or venae cavae
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

34. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Before the third week of gestation
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

35. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
72 bpm

36. What is the circulation through the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract
4
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

37. What is a ventricular septal defect
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

38. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Water
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ductus venosus

39. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

40. what vessels are used for CPBG
72 bpm
Mitral valve
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

41. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Chordae tendineae
72 bpm

42. What are acyanotic defects
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

43. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
4
Mechanical or biologic
From the ascending aorta
Done on the aerodigestive tract

44. How many pulmonary veins are there
Done on the aerodigestive tract
A single artery arising from both ventricles
There are 4
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

45. What is the rastelli procedure
There are 4
Ligamentum venosum
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

46. What is pulmonary stenosis
Done on the aerodigestive tract
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

47. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Disease of the heart muscle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Localized narrowing of the aorta

48. How many chambers in the heart
4
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Pericardial fluid

49. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Ductus venosus
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

50. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers