Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Disease of the heart muscle
Lower chambers - ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae

2. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Pericardial fluid
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

3. What are the layers of the heart
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ligamentum venosum
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

4. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

5. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Chordae tendineae
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

6. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
4
72 bpm
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Upper chambers - atria

7. How many chambers in the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
4
From the ascending aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

8. which chambers receive blood from the veins
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Upper chambers - atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

9. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Water
Generator and electrode
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

10. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The relaxation phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

11. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Generator and electrode
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

12. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Done on the aerodigestive tract

13. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

14. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Pericardial fluid
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

15. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
There are 4
From the ascending aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

16. What is bradycardia
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

17. What is an atrial septal defect
The contraction phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

18. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Mechanical or biologic
4
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

19. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
There are 4
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

20. When does development of the heart begin
72 bpm
Disease of the heart muscle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Before the third week of gestation

21. What are non-sterile procedures
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
72 bpm
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Done on the aerodigestive tract

22. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ductus venosus
Ventricles

23. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Upper chambers - atria
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

24. What is coarctation of the aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
The contraction phase of the heart

25. What does the umbilical vein become
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ductus venosus
Mitral valve
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

26. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
The contraction phase of the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
There are 4
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

27. How many pulmonary veins are there
Lower chambers - ventricles
There are 4
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

28. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Water
4
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

29. What are acyanotic defects
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Before the third week of gestation

30. What is tricuspid atresia
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

31. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

32. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Pericardial fluid
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

33. What is the most common chest deformity
Pericardial fluid
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Mitral valve

34. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
Atria
From the ascending aorta
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

35. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Chordae tendineae

36. What is the rastelli procedure
4
Pericardial fluid
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

37. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ligamentum venosum
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Mechanical or biologic

38. What is the name for the upper chambers
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ductus venosus
Water
Atria

39. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

40. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Atria
Ligamentum venosum
Chordae tendineae
Right atrium or venae cavae

41. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

42. What does the cardiac cycle include
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Localized narrowing of the aorta
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

43. What is diastole
Ligamentum venosum
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
The relaxation phase of the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

44. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

45. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
The relaxation phase of the heart
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

46. what vessels are used for CPBG
Generator and electrode
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Lower chambers - ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

47. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Sternal notch
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

48. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Before the third week of gestation
Pericardial fluid
Lower chambers - ventricles
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

49. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

50. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Chordae tendineae
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Upper chambers - atria