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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. what vessels are used for CPBG
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

2. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
Water
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

3. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

4. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Right atrium or venae cavae

5. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Disease of the heart muscle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
There are 4

6. What are the layers of the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Chordae tendineae
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

7. What arteries supply the heart
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Atria
Localized narrowing of the aorta

8. What does the umbilical vein become
4
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ductus venosus
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

9. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Before the third week of gestation
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

10. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
4
Right atrium or venae cavae
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

11. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle
Ligamentum venosum
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

12. How many chambers in the heart
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
4
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

13. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

14. What is the location of the heart
Lower chambers - ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ductus venosus
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

15. What is pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

16. What are cyanotic defects
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

17. How many pulmonary veins are there
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
There are 4
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

18. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

19. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
From the ascending aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae

20. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Right atrium or venae cavae
Before the third week of gestation

21. What is cardiac tamponade
72 bpm
Right atrium or venae cavae
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ductus venosus

22. What are acyanotic defects
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

23. What is coarctation of the aorta
Upper chambers - atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

24. What is the name for the lower chambers
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

25. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Before the third week of gestation

26. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

27. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Lower chambers - ventricles
Mitral valve

28. What is a ventricular septal defect
4
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Mitral valve

29. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
The contraction phase of the heart

30. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

31. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Before the third week of gestation
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

32. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
From the ascending aorta
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ligamentum venosum

33. What is the name for the upper chambers
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Atria
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

34. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
Before the third week of gestation
Ductus venosus
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

35. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ligamentum venosum
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

36. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Right atrium or venae cavae
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

37. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

38. What is diastole
Atria
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The relaxation phase of the heart
Mitral valve

39. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Atria
Upper chambers - atria

40. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Atria
The relaxation phase of the heart
72 bpm

41. What are non-sterile procedures
Atria
Before the third week of gestation
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Done on the aerodigestive tract

42. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
Ventricles
There are 4
Ductus venosus

43. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Pericardial fluid
Generator and electrode
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

44. What is tricuspid atresia
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Water
There are 4

45. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
4
Chordae tendineae
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

46. What is the most common chest deformity
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

47. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Atria
A single artery arising from both ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

48. what covers the heart
Ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
The contraction phase of the heart

49. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

50. What is systole
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The contraction phase of the heart
Generator and electrode