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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Before the third week of gestation
Right atrium or venae cavae
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

2. What is the name for the upper chambers
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Water
Atria
Generator and electrode

3. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
4
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

4. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Water
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

5. What is systole
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The contraction phase of the heart

6. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
From the ascending aorta
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

7. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The relaxation phase of the heart
Mitral valve

8. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

9. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Water
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

10. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
72 bpm
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ligamentum venosum

11. What are cyanotic defects
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
There are 4

12. Where is the tricuspid valve located
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ligamentum venosum
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

13. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ligamentum venosum
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

14. How many chambers in the heart
The relaxation phase of the heart
4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

15. What is bradycardia
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

16. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
The contraction phase of the heart
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

17. What arteries supply the heart
Ventricles
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
72 bpm
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

18. What is the most common chest deformity
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

19. What is the rastelli procedure
The contraction phase of the heart
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

20. What are the layers of the heart
Generator and electrode
The contraction phase of the heart
Ligamentum venosum
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

21. what vessels are used for CPBG
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

22. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
A single artery arising from both ventricles

23. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Before the third week of gestation
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Mechanical or biologic

24. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Chordae tendineae

25. what covers the heart
Water
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

26. How many pulmonary veins are there
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
There are 4
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

27. Where does the coronary artery arise
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
From the ascending aorta
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

28. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Before the third week of gestation
Pericardial fluid
4

29. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Generator and electrode
Mitral valve
There are 4
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

30. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Water
Sternal notch

31. What is the location of the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Chordae tendineae
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

32. What is cardiac tamponade
The relaxation phase of the heart
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
A single artery arising from both ventricles

33. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Lower chambers - ventricles

34. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ductus venosus
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

35. What does the cardiac cycle include
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

36. What is the name for the lower chambers
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ventricles
Before the third week of gestation
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

37. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Before the third week of gestation
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

38. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Water
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Generator and electrode

39. What is pulmonary stenosis
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

40. What is cardiomyopathy
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Disease of the heart muscle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

41. What is coarctation of the aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
There are 4
Localized narrowing of the aorta

42. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
Ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

43. what solution is NOT used during CPB
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Water
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

44. What does the umbilical vein become
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ductus venosus

45. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
4
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Sternal notch
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

46. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

47. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ligamentum venosum

48. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

49. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Mitral valve
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

50. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Mechanical or biologic