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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Disease of the heart muscle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

2. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

3. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
From the ascending aorta
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Water

4. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ventricles

5. What is pulmonary stenosis
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

6. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Right atrium or venae cavae
Atria
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

7. How many chambers in the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract
4
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

8. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
The contraction phase of the heart

9. What is the bundle of his
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Atria
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

10. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Generator and electrode
The relaxation phase of the heart
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Atria

11. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

12. what vessels are used for CPBG
Mitral valve
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

13. What is the name for the lower chambers
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

14. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ligamentum venosum
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

15. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Upper chambers - atria
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Generator and electrode

16. What is systole
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
The contraction phase of the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Right atrium or venae cavae

17. What are the layers of the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ductus venosus
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

18. What arteries supply the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart

19. What is an atrial septal defect
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
From the ascending aorta
Upper chambers - atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

20. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
The relaxation phase of the heart
Ligamentum venosum
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

21. What are cyanotic defects
Atria
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Before the third week of gestation
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

22. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
Lower chambers - ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

23. What is cardiomyopathy
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Disease of the heart muscle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Localized narrowing of the aorta

24. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Pericardial fluid
There are 4

25. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
The contraction phase of the heart
Ligamentum venosum
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

26. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Water
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

27. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
The contraction phase of the heart
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

28. What does the umbilical vein become
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ductus venosus
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

29. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

30. When does development of the heart begin
The relaxation phase of the heart
Disease of the heart muscle
Before the third week of gestation
Right atrium or venae cavae

31. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
The relaxation phase of the heart
Water
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

32. What is the circulation through the heart
From the ascending aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

33. What is the rastelli procedure
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Water
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ductus venosus

34. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Mitral valve
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Lower chambers - ventricles

35. What does the cardiac cycle include
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Mechanical or biologic
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

36. what solution is NOT used during CPB
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Water
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

37. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Before the third week of gestation
Mechanical or biologic
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

38. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
72 bpm
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
4

39. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Before the third week of gestation
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

40. What are acyanotic defects
Pericardial fluid
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Upper chambers - atria
The relaxation phase of the heart

41. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

42. Where does the coronary artery arise
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
From the ascending aorta
Disease of the heart muscle
4

43. What is diastole
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Upper chambers - atria
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
The relaxation phase of the heart

44. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Mitral valve
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

45. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
The relaxation phase of the heart
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

46. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Generator and electrode
Ductus venosus
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

47. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
The relaxation phase of the heart
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

48. What are non-sterile procedures
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

49. What is cardiac tamponade
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

50. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Lower chambers - ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)