Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. what covers the heart
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

2. what vessels are used for CPBG
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ductus venosus
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
There are 4

3. What is diastole
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Atria
The relaxation phase of the heart
A single artery arising from both ventricles

4. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae

5. What is the rastelli procedure
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Atria

6. What does the cardiac cycle include
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

7. What does the umbilical vein become
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ductus venosus
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

8. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Atria
72 bpm
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

9. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Right atrium or venae cavae

10. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Disease of the heart muscle

11. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Mechanical or biologic
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

12. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
From the ascending aorta
There are 4
Upper chambers - atria

13. When does development of the heart begin
Chordae tendineae
Ductus venosus
Before the third week of gestation
The relaxation phase of the heart

14. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

15. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
From the ascending aorta
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Localized narrowing of the aorta
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

16. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
72 bpm
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles

17. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
The relaxation phase of the heart
Generator and electrode
Mechanical or biologic
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

18. What is the circulation through the heart
Disease of the heart muscle
4
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

19. What is the name for the lower chambers
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ductus venosus
Ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

20. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Atria
Mitral valve
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

21. What are acyanotic defects
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

22. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Chordae tendineae
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

23. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

24. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
Chordae tendineae
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ligamentum venosum

25. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Mitral valve

26. What is systole
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart
Pericardial fluid
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

27. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
72 bpm
Generator and electrode
The contraction phase of the heart

28. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
From the ascending aorta
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

29. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
72 bpm
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

30. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
There are 4
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

31. What are the layers of the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Upper chambers - atria
From the ascending aorta
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

32. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Mechanical or biologic
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Done on the aerodigestive tract

33. What are cyanotic defects
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

34. How many chambers in the heart
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
4

35. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Right atrium or venae cavae

36. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Before the third week of gestation
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

37. What is tricuspid atresia
Right atrium or venae cavae
Done on the aerodigestive tract
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Mitral valve

38. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
The contraction phase of the heart
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
4
Sternal notch

39. What is bradycardia
Mitral valve
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

40. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
From the ascending aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
72 bpm

41. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Right atrium or venae cavae

42. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
4

43. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Mechanical or biologic
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

44. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

45. How many pulmonary veins are there
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
There are 4

46. Where does the coronary artery arise
Mitral valve
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
From the ascending aorta
Before the third week of gestation

47. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

48. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Atria
From the ascending aorta

49. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Chordae tendineae

50. What is a ventricular septal defect
Lower chambers - ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity