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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

2. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

3. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
The relaxation phase of the heart
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Mechanical or biologic
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

4. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
4
Sternal notch

5. What is an atrial septal defect
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
From the ascending aorta

6. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Water
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ligamentum venosum

7. When does development of the heart begin
Right atrium or venae cavae
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Before the third week of gestation
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

8. What is cardiac tamponade
Lower chambers - ventricles
Water
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

9. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Generator and electrode
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

10. What is tricuspid atresia
Pericardial fluid
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

11. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

12. What is cardiomyopathy
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Generator and electrode
Disease of the heart muscle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

13. what vessels are used for CPBG
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
From the ascending aorta
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

14. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae
Done on the aerodigestive tract

15. what covers the heart
Mitral valve
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
A single artery arising from both ventricles

16. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
Chordae tendineae
Upper chambers - atria
The relaxation phase of the heart

17. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Mechanical or biologic
Mitral valve
Upper chambers - atria

18. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Chordae tendineae
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ductus venosus

19. What is coarctation of the aorta
Before the third week of gestation
Atria
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Localized narrowing of the aorta

20. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Mitral valve
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Water
From the ascending aorta

21. What does the umbilical vein become
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ductus venosus
Upper chambers - atria

22. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

23. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
From the ascending aorta
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ligamentum venosum

24. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Lower chambers - ventricles

25. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
Right atrium or venae cavae
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Generator and electrode

26. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Upper chambers - atria
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Right atrium or venae cavae

27. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Pericardial fluid
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
4
Ventricles

28. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

29. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

30. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Ligamentum venosum
Lower chambers - ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

31. What is systole
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The contraction phase of the heart

32. What is pulmonary stenosis
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Generator and electrode
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

33. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Upper chambers - atria
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

34. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Sternal notch
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

35. What is the bundle of his
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
72 bpm
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

36. What is the name for the upper chambers
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Atria
Ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

37. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

38. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Done on the aerodigestive tract
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Upper chambers - atria
Localized narrowing of the aorta

39. What is the name for the lower chambers
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Upper chambers - atria
Atria
Ventricles

40. What is the location of the heart
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Pericardial fluid
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

41. What is the most common chest deformity
From the ascending aorta
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

42. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
72 bpm
Atria

43. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Lower chambers - ventricles
4
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

44. What does the cardiac cycle include
Mitral valve
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ventricles

45. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ductus venosus
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

46. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
The relaxation phase of the heart
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

47. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

48. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Sternal notch
From the ascending aorta
Ligamentum venosum
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

49. What is the circulation through the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
4

50. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles