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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Where does the coronary artery arise
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
From the ascending aorta
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

2. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
There are 4
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

3. What is bradycardia
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

4. What is an atrial septal defect
Disease of the heart muscle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart

5. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

6. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
Before the third week of gestation
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
4

7. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Water
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

8. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
The relaxation phase of the heart
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Chordae tendineae

9. What is the location of the heart
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Sternal notch
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

10. What are the layers of the heart
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Water
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
A single artery arising from both ventricles

11. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Mitral valve
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

12. What is coarctation of the aorta
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

13. What is tricuspid atresia
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

14. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
From the ascending aorta
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

15. How many chambers in the heart
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Pericardial fluid
Ventricles
4

16. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
A single artery arising from both ventricles

17. What is the most common chest deformity
4
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Right atrium or venae cavae
72 bpm

18. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

19. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

20. What is the rastelli procedure
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
The relaxation phase of the heart

21. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Pericardial fluid
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Generator and electrode

22. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Mitral valve
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

23. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Chordae tendineae
Mitral valve

24. What is pulmonary stenosis
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Atria

25. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

26. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

27. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Pericardial fluid
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Mitral valve
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

28. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
The contraction phase of the heart
4
Ligamentum venosum
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

29. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
Water
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

30. what covers the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

31. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
From the ascending aorta
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Mechanical or biologic
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

32. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Sternal notch
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

33. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
Mitral valve
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

34. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Chordae tendineae
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

35. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Mechanical or biologic
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

36. When does development of the heart begin
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Before the third week of gestation
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
The contraction phase of the heart

37. What is the name for the upper chambers
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Atria
Lower chambers - ventricles

38. What is the bundle of his
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
A single artery arising from both ventricles

39. What does the cardiac cycle include
Water
Mechanical or biologic
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

40. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Chordae tendineae
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

41. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
72 bpm

42. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
From the ascending aorta
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

43. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Ligamentum venosum
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

44. What is the circulation through the heart
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

45. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
The contraction phase of the heart
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Right atrium or venae cavae

46. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
The contraction phase of the heart

47. which chambers receive blood from the veins
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Upper chambers - atria
The relaxation phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

48. What does the umbilical vein become
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Atria
Ductus venosus

49. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Lower chambers - ventricles
72 bpm
Chordae tendineae
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

50. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Right atrium or venae cavae