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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Where is the tricuspid valve located
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Upper chambers - atria
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Mitral valve

2. What is the name for the upper chambers
Lower chambers - ventricles
From the ascending aorta
Atria
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

3. What is a ventricular septal defect
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
The relaxation phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

4. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Right atrium or venae cavae
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Upper chambers - atria

5. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Pericardial fluid
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

6. How many pulmonary veins are there
Mitral valve
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
There are 4

7. What is pulmonary stenosis
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

8. What is the bundle of his
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart

9. What does the cardiac cycle include
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Before the third week of gestation
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

10. What is coarctation of the aorta
Ligamentum venosum
Localized narrowing of the aorta
A single artery arising from both ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

11. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

12. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Chordae tendineae
From the ascending aorta

13. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Ventricles
Before the third week of gestation
Chordae tendineae
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

14. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

15. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Before the third week of gestation
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

16. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
The contraction phase of the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
From the ascending aorta
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

17. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Water
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Generator and electrode

18. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
72 bpm

19. What are non-sterile procedures
4
Chordae tendineae
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

20. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Lower chambers - ventricles

21. What is diastole
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
The relaxation phase of the heart
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

22. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

23. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

24. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

25. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
Mitral valve
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

26. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

27. What is the circulation through the heart
Ductus venosus
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Upper chambers - atria

28. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Before the third week of gestation
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

29. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Sternal notch
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
4

30. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

31. What are the layers of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Generator and electrode
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Before the third week of gestation

32. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ligamentum venosum
Upper chambers - atria

33. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
The contraction phase of the heart
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The relaxation phase of the heart
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

34. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Disease of the heart muscle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

35. What arteries supply the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Pericardial fluid

36. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Sternal notch
From the ascending aorta
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

37. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
72 bpm
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

38. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

39. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Pericardial fluid
Atria

40. What is cardiac tamponade
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

41. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Before the third week of gestation
Generator and electrode

42. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ventricles
Ligamentum venosum
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

43. How many chambers in the heart
Atria
4
Right atrium or venae cavae
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

44. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Lower chambers - ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

45. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
Pericardial fluid
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
There are 4

46. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mechanical or biologic
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Mitral valve
There are 4

47. What is the most common chest deformity
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

48. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Mechanical or biologic
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Done on the aerodigestive tract

49. What is systole
Ductus venosus
Right atrium or venae cavae
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
The contraction phase of the heart

50. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Chordae tendineae
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery