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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. what solution is NOT used during CPB
From the ascending aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae
Water
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

2. What is cardiomyopathy
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Mechanical or biologic
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Disease of the heart muscle

3. what vessels are used for CPBG
Sternal notch
Ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

4. What is diastole
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

5. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
The contraction phase of the heart
Ligamentum venosum
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

6. What is an atrial septal defect
Ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

7. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

8. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Water

9. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ligamentum venosum

10. What are acyanotic defects
Mechanical or biologic
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
There are 4
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

11. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

12. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Chordae tendineae
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

13. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Mitral valve
Ductus venosus
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

14. What are cyanotic defects
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Sternal notch
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

15. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Upper chambers - atria
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

16. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Right atrium or venae cavae
Pericardial fluid

17. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Generator and electrode
72 bpm

18. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Lower chambers - ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Generator and electrode

19. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
A single artery arising from both ventricles

20. What is pulmonary stenosis
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

21. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
The contraction phase of the heart
Localized narrowing of the aorta

22. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Before the third week of gestation

23. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Upper chambers - atria
Lower chambers - ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Atria

24. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
4
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

25. What are non-sterile procedures
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

26. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Pericardial fluid
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Upper chambers - atria

27. What does the umbilical vein become
72 bpm
Upper chambers - atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ductus venosus

28. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Sternal notch
The relaxation phase of the heart
4

29. What is the name for the upper chambers
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Atria
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Upper chambers - atria

30. What is the bundle of his
From the ascending aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

31. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ligamentum venosum
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Pericardial fluid

32. What is the location of the heart
Before the third week of gestation
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
The contraction phase of the heart

33. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

34. What is the circulation through the heart
Lower chambers - ventricles
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

35. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Sternal notch
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

36. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Disease of the heart muscle
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

37. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
4
Sternal notch

38. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

39. What is the rastelli procedure
Generator and electrode
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Mitral valve

40. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Water

41. What are the layers of the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

42. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

43. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
From the ascending aorta
Atria
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

44. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Generator and electrode
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
72 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

45. What is the name for the lower chambers
Atria
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ventricles

46. What is tricuspid atresia
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
72 bpm
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ductus venosus

47. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

48. Where does the coronary artery arise
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
From the ascending aorta
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

49. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
4
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

50. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
The contraction phase of the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy