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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Upper chambers - atria
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

2. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

3. What is the name for the lower chambers
There are 4
The relaxation phase of the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricles

4. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The relaxation phase of the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Mechanical or biologic

5. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Mitral valve
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

6. What is an atrial septal defect
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Chordae tendineae

7. What are cyanotic defects
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Disease of the heart muscle
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

8. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ductus venosus
Mitral valve

9. Where is the tricuspid valve located
From the ascending aorta
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Chordae tendineae

10. what covers the heart
Before the third week of gestation
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

11. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
From the ascending aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Sternal notch
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

12. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

13. When does development of the heart begin
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Before the third week of gestation
Mitral valve
Atria

14. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Water
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

15. What is coarctation of the aorta
Chordae tendineae
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

16. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Mechanical or biologic

17. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
A single artery arising from both ventricles
72 bpm
Lower chambers - ventricles

18. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Upper chambers - atria
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Sternal notch
A single artery arising from both ventricles

19. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Right atrium or venae cavae
The contraction phase of the heart

20. What is cardiomyopathy
Sternal notch
Disease of the heart muscle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

21. What is the name for the upper chambers
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
The contraction phase of the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Atria

22. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Pericardial fluid
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

23. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ductus venosus
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

24. What is diastole
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

25. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Upper chambers - atria
Before the third week of gestation
Ventricles

26. What is pulmonary stenosis
Atria
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
From the ascending aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

27. What are non-sterile procedures
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

28. What are the layers of the heart
Ligamentum venosum
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

29. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

30. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

31. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
72 bpm
The contraction phase of the heart
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

32. How many chambers in the heart
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Mitral valve
From the ascending aorta
4

33. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Mechanical or biologic
From the ascending aorta
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

34. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
The contraction phase of the heart
Generator and electrode

35. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae

36. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Pericardial fluid

37. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The contraction phase of the heart
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

38. What is a ventricular septal defect
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

39. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
A single artery arising from both ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Generator and electrode

40. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Pericardial fluid
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ductus venosus

41. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
The contraction phase of the heart
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

42. How many pulmonary veins are there
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
There are 4
4
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

43. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
There are 4

44. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

45. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

46. What is the location of the heart
Before the third week of gestation
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

47. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Sternal notch
72 bpm
Mechanical or biologic

48. What does the cardiac cycle include
Disease of the heart muscle
Right atrium or venae cavae
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

49. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Generator and electrode
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

50. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
The relaxation phase of the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium