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Cardiac Surgery

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. What are acyanotic defects
From the ascending aorta
Sternal notch
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

2. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
72 bpm
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Before the third week of gestation
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

3. What is the bundle of his
72 bpm
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

4. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
Chordae tendineae
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Localized narrowing of the aorta

5. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Right atrium or venae cavae

6. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Chordae tendineae
4

7. What is cardiomyopathy
There are 4
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Mitral valve
Disease of the heart muscle

8. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ductus venosus
The contraction phase of the heart
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

9. What is the circulation through the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Before the third week of gestation
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

10. What is bradycardia
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

11. What is diastole
Upper chambers - atria
The relaxation phase of the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract

12. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
The contraction phase of the heart
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

13. What is coarctation of the aorta
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Water

14. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Before the third week of gestation

15. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Before the third week of gestation
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

16. What is the name for the lower chambers
From the ascending aorta
There are 4
Ventricles
Upper chambers - atria

17. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ductus venosus
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

18. When does development of the heart begin
Sternal notch
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Before the third week of gestation

19. What is pulmonary stenosis
Ductus venosus
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

20. What is the most common chest deformity
Sternal notch
Disease of the heart muscle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

21. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Sternal notch
Before the third week of gestation
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
72 bpm

22. What does the umbilical vein become
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ductus venosus
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

23. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Ligamentum venosum
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Mechanical or biologic
Chordae tendineae

24. What is an atrial septal defect
Sternal notch
From the ascending aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Localized narrowing of the aorta

25. What does the cardiac cycle include
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Generator and electrode
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

26. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Generator and electrode

27. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ligamentum venosum
Upper chambers - atria

28. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Water
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

29. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

30. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
The contraction phase of the heart
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Mitral valve

31. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Water

32. what covers the heart
Ventricles
72 bpm
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Mitral valve

33. What is the rastelli procedure
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
From the ascending aorta
Pericardial fluid
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

34. What arteries supply the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Water
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

35. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Before the third week of gestation

36. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Pericardial fluid
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

37. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Upper chambers - atria
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

38. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
The contraction phase of the heart
Sternal notch

39. How many pulmonary veins are there
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Water
Atria
There are 4

40. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Chordae tendineae
Water
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

41. What is systole
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
The contraction phase of the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

42. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Lower chambers - ventricles
Chordae tendineae
Right atrium or venae cavae

43. How many chambers in the heart
4
Atria
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Done on the aerodigestive tract

44. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae
72 bpm
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

45. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
72 bpm
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

46. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
72 bpm
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

47. What are cyanotic defects
Sternal notch
Lower chambers - ventricles
Atria
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

48. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ductus venosus
Mitral valve
Disease of the heart muscle

49. What are non-sterile procedures
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Done on the aerodigestive tract
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

50. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ligamentum venosum
There are 4

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Cardiac Surgery

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