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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
72 bpm
Before the third week of gestation
Mechanical or biologic
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

2. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
4
Before the third week of gestation
Generator and electrode

3. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ductus venosus
Ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae
72 bpm

4. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
There are 4
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

5. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

6. How many chambers in the heart
4
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract

7. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

8. What is systole
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
The contraction phase of the heart

9. Where is the bicuspid valve located
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

10. What is diastole
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart

11. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Done on the aerodigestive tract
4

12. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

13. Where is the tricuspid valve located
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

14. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
4
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Lower chambers - ventricles

15. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
4
Right atrium or venae cavae
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

16. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
There are 4
A single artery arising from both ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

17. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Atria
Sternal notch

18. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
The contraction phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Sternal notch

19. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

20. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Generator and electrode
Atria
Sternal notch

21. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
Upper chambers - atria
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

22. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Before the third week of gestation
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Right atrium or venae cavae

23. How many pulmonary veins are there
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
There are 4
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Localized narrowing of the aorta

24. What is a ventricular septal defect
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

25. what covers the heart
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
From the ascending aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae

26. What is pulmonary stenosis
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

27. What is bradycardia
Ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

28. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ligamentum venosum
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

29. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The contraction phase of the heart
Ligamentum venosum
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

30. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

31. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Lower chambers - ventricles
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

32. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Upper chambers - atria

33. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
Mitral valve
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

34. What are acyanotic defects
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Atria
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

35. Where does the coronary artery arise
Ductus venosus
Disease of the heart muscle
Water
From the ascending aorta

36. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
72 bpm
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Chordae tendineae
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

37. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Mitral valve

38. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Generator and electrode

39. What is the name for the upper chambers
Mitral valve
Atria
Generator and electrode
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

40. What is the bundle of his
A single artery arising from both ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

41. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

42. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The contraction phase of the heart
Upper chambers - atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

43. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
72 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

44. What is the most common chest deformity
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Mechanical or biologic
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

45. What is the circulation through the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Atria

46. What arteries supply the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Generator and electrode
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
72 bpm

47. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
The relaxation phase of the heart
Atria
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

48. What does the umbilical vein become
Right atrium or venae cavae
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ductus venosus

49. What is cardiomyopathy
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle

50. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
72 bpm