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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the name for the lower chambers
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart
There are 4

2. What is the rastelli procedure
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
4
Before the third week of gestation

3. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
There are 4
Ventricles

4. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Pericardial fluid
Mitral valve
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

5. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Pericardial fluid

6. What is an atrial septal defect
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
72 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

7. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

8. What is tricuspid atresia
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Localized narrowing of the aorta

9. Where does the coronary artery arise
Water
Right atrium or venae cavae
From the ascending aorta
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

10. Where is the bicuspid valve located
4
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles

11. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Pericardial fluid
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
The relaxation phase of the heart

12. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

13. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Upper chambers - atria
Mechanical or biologic
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

14. What is a ventricular septal defect
Generator and electrode
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

15. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Sternal notch
The contraction phase of the heart
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

16. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Disease of the heart muscle
Ductus venosus
Ventricles

17. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Right atrium or venae cavae
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
A single artery arising from both ventricles

18. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae

19. What are acyanotic defects
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Chordae tendineae
Generator and electrode

20. What are the layers of the heart
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Water
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

21. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Sternal notch
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
4

22. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Chordae tendineae
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

23. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Upper chambers - atria
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Atria
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

24. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

25. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Pericardial fluid

26. What arteries supply the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Right atrium or venae cavae
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

27. What is diastole
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ductus venosus
The relaxation phase of the heart

28. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Right atrium or venae cavae
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

29. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Mechanical or biologic
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ligamentum venosum

30. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Right atrium or venae cavae
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Lower chambers - ventricles

31. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

32. what covers the heart
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

33. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

34. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

35. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

36. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
A single artery arising from both ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ligamentum venosum
Right atrium or venae cavae

37. What does the umbilical vein become
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ductus venosus
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

38. What is the name for the upper chambers
Generator and electrode
Water
Atria
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

39. What is the most common chest deformity
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

40. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

41. How many chambers in the heart
Localized narrowing of the aorta
4
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Generator and electrode

42. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Mitral valve
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

43. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Upper chambers - atria
Lower chambers - ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

44. What is cardiomyopathy
The contraction phase of the heart
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Disease of the heart muscle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

45. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
Localized narrowing of the aorta
A single artery arising from both ventricles
From the ascending aorta

46. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Lower chambers - ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

47. what vessels are used for CPBG
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

48. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Disease of the heart muscle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

49. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles

50. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Before the third week of gestation
Localized narrowing of the aorta
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

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Cardiac Surgery

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