Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is diastole
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
The relaxation phase of the heart

2. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Right atrium or venae cavae
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

3. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Generator and electrode
Chordae tendineae

4. What is an atrial septal defect
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
4

5. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ligamentum venosum
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Generator and electrode

6. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Before the third week of gestation
Disease of the heart muscle

7. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Mechanical or biologic
Disease of the heart muscle
Chordae tendineae

8. How many pulmonary veins are there
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Atria
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
There are 4

9. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Lower chambers - ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

10. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

11. What is cardiac tamponade
Lower chambers - ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Upper chambers - atria

12. What is systole
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The contraction phase of the heart
Mechanical or biologic

13. What is coarctation of the aorta
Chordae tendineae
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

14. What is pulmonary stenosis
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Sternal notch
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

15. What are non-sterile procedures
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Water
Done on the aerodigestive tract

16. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
The relaxation phase of the heart
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

17. What is the circulation through the heart
Before the third week of gestation
Generator and electrode
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

18. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Chordae tendineae
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

19. What is a ventricular septal defect
The relaxation phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

20. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Right atrium or venae cavae
Mechanical or biologic
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
From the ascending aorta

21. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

22. What does the umbilical vein become
Ligamentum venosum
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
72 bpm
Ductus venosus

23. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
There are 4
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Sternal notch

24. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
Mechanical or biologic
Sternal notch
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

25. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Pericardial fluid
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

26. What is the most common chest deformity
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Localized narrowing of the aorta
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

27. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Chordae tendineae
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

28. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

29. which chambers receive blood from the veins
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Upper chambers - atria
Sternal notch
Water

30. What is tricuspid atresia
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Localized narrowing of the aorta
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

31. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

32. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

33. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Before the third week of gestation
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

34. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Disease of the heart muscle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Generator and electrode
The relaxation phase of the heart

35. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles

36. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Right atrium or venae cavae
Pericardial fluid
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

37. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
A single artery arising from both ventricles

38. How many chambers in the heart
The contraction phase of the heart
4
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

39. What is the location of the heart
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Atria

40. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The contraction phase of the heart
Chordae tendineae

41. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Mechanical or biologic

42. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
Generator and electrode
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Sternal notch

43. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Disease of the heart muscle
The relaxation phase of the heart
Mitral valve
Right atrium or venae cavae

44. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Generator and electrode
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

45. What is the name for the upper chambers
Before the third week of gestation
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Atria

46. What is the rastelli procedure
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

47. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Disease of the heart muscle

48. What does the cardiac cycle include
72 bpm
Done on the aerodigestive tract
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
A single artery arising from both ventricles

49. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
The contraction phase of the heart
There are 4
Sternal notch

50. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle