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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ventricles
Upper chambers - atria
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

2. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Mechanical or biologic
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

3. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
From the ascending aorta
Ligamentum venosum
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Generator and electrode

4. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

5. What are cyanotic defects
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
4
Atria
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

6. What is the rastelli procedure
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

7. What is the name for the upper chambers
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Atria
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

8. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Atria
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Sternal notch

9. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
The contraction phase of the heart
Water
From the ascending aorta

10. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Water
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ligamentum venosum

11. What is diastole
Lower chambers - ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
The relaxation phase of the heart

12. What is an atrial septal defect
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

13. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Mitral valve
72 bpm
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

14. What is the most common chest deformity
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae

15. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Before the third week of gestation
Pericardial fluid
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

16. What is cardiac tamponade
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

17. What is tricuspid atresia
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
The contraction phase of the heart
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

18. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
72 bpm

19. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Upper chambers - atria
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

20. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
There are 4

21. What is coarctation of the aorta
Ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Sternal notch
Localized narrowing of the aorta

22. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
Mechanical or biologic
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

23. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Upper chambers - atria
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

24. What does the cardiac cycle include
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
The contraction phase of the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Right atrium or venae cavae

25. What is the circulation through the heart
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Generator and electrode

26. How many pulmonary veins are there
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
There are 4
Mitral valve

27. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Mechanical or biologic
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

28. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Mechanical or biologic

29. What is the bundle of his
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
There are 4
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

30. What is the location of the heart
Mechanical or biologic
Before the third week of gestation
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

31. What is bradycardia
Pericardial fluid
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

32. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
A single artery arising from both ventricles

33. what covers the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Water

34. Where does the coronary artery arise
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
From the ascending aorta
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart

35. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Chordae tendineae

36. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

37. How many chambers in the heart
Atria
4
Ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta

38. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Generator and electrode
The contraction phase of the heart
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

39. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

40. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

41. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Mitral valve
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

42. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
Sternal notch
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
4

43. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

44. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ligamentum venosum
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Mechanical or biologic

45. What does the umbilical vein become
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ductus venosus
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

46. What are non-sterile procedures
Ligamentum venosum
Upper chambers - atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Atria

47. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Upper chambers - atria
72 bpm
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

48. What is the name for the lower chambers
Before the third week of gestation
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ventricles
Generator and electrode

49. When does development of the heart begin
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Before the third week of gestation

50. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Before the third week of gestation
Localized narrowing of the aorta