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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Generator and electrode
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

2. Where is the bicuspid valve located
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
72 bpm
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

3. What are non-sterile procedures
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Pericardial fluid

4. What is coarctation of the aorta
There are 4
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Sternal notch
Localized narrowing of the aorta

5. What is cardiac tamponade
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Lower chambers - ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

6. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
Water
The relaxation phase of the heart
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

7. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

8. Where does the coronary artery arise
Mechanical or biologic
From the ascending aorta
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

9. which chambers receive blood from the veins
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Upper chambers - atria
4

10. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Ventricles
Generator and electrode
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

11. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
The contraction phase of the heart
4
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

12. What are the layers of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Lower chambers - ventricles
72 bpm
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

13. What is the name for the lower chambers
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ventricles
There are 4

14. What is the bundle of his
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ventricles
4

15. What does the cardiac cycle include
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Mitral valve
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

16. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
Ductus venosus
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

17. What is an atrial septal defect
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

18. What are acyanotic defects
Atria
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
There are 4

19. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Generator and electrode
72 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

20. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Atria
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

21. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
Mitral valve
Ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

22. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Mechanical or biologic
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

23. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

24. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
72 bpm
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

25. What arteries supply the heart
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

26. What is bradycardia
There are 4
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

27. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Upper chambers - atria
Water
4
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

28. How many pulmonary veins are there
Pericardial fluid
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
There are 4

29. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Disease of the heart muscle
Ligamentum venosum

30. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Atria
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

31. what vessels are used for CPBG
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
4
Ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

32. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
72 bpm
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

33. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
A single artery arising from both ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

34. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Generator and electrode
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Chordae tendineae
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

35. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

36. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Localized narrowing of the aorta
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

37. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ventricles
Chordae tendineae
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

38. What is the circulation through the heart
Ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Before the third week of gestation
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

39. what covers the heart
There are 4
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle

40. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Lower chambers - ventricles

41. How many chambers in the heart
Water
4
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

42. What is the rastelli procedure
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Done on the aerodigestive tract
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

43. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Upper chambers - atria

44. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
Ventricles
Before the third week of gestation
Mitral valve

45. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
The relaxation phase of the heart
From the ascending aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

46. What is the most common chest deformity
72 bpm
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

47. What is tricuspid atresia
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
From the ascending aorta
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

48. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Water
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Done on the aerodigestive tract

49. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Lower chambers - ventricles
Before the third week of gestation

50. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Upper chambers - atria
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Pericardial fluid
4