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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is an atrial septal defect
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

2. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ventricles

3. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Generator and electrode
Mitral valve
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

4. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

5. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
72 bpm

6. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

7. What is cardiomyopathy
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Disease of the heart muscle

8. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Lower chambers - ventricles
Before the third week of gestation

9. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Lower chambers - ventricles
72 bpm
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

10. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
4
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Done on the aerodigestive tract

11. What is the name for the lower chambers
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ventricles

12. How many pulmonary veins are there
Disease of the heart muscle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
There are 4
From the ascending aorta

13. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
There are 4
Sternal notch
From the ascending aorta

14. What is the most common chest deformity
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
From the ascending aorta
Pericardial fluid
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

15. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Mitral valve

16. What are the layers of the heart
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

17. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae
Upper chambers - atria
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

18. What is the bundle of his
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Upper chambers - atria
From the ascending aorta

19. When does development of the heart begin
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Before the third week of gestation
Lower chambers - ventricles

20. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Sternal notch
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Chordae tendineae

21. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Before the third week of gestation
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

22. What is cardiac tamponade
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Water
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

23. What is diastole
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ligamentum venosum
The relaxation phase of the heart
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

24. what vessels are used for CPBG
Mitral valve
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

25. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
There are 4
Ligamentum venosum

26. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Water
Disease of the heart muscle
Pericardial fluid
Atria

27. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Mechanical or biologic
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

28. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
72 bpm
Localized narrowing of the aorta
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Generator and electrode

29. What are cyanotic defects
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

30. Where does the coronary artery arise
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
From the ascending aorta
There are 4
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

31. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

32. What is the rastelli procedure
Done on the aerodigestive tract
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
From the ascending aorta

33. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Atria
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

34. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

35. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles

36. What is the name for the upper chambers
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
There are 4
Atria

37. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Ligamentum venosum
Ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Sternal notch

38. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
The relaxation phase of the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

39. what covers the heart
4
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

40. What are acyanotic defects
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
From the ascending aorta
Chordae tendineae

41. What is bradycardia
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

42. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
From the ascending aorta

43. What is pulmonary stenosis
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
4
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

44. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Mechanical or biologic
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

45. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

46. What is the location of the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Localized narrowing of the aorta

47. What is coarctation of the aorta
72 bpm
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Before the third week of gestation

48. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Mitral valve

49. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
There are 4
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

50. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Chordae tendineae
Heart beat less than 62 bpm