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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
From the ascending aorta

2. What is coarctation of the aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
The contraction phase of the heart
Ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta

3. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Mechanical or biologic

4. What are the layers of the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

5. How many chambers in the heart
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Atria
4
From the ascending aorta

6. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ligamentum venosum
Ventricles
Atria
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

7. What are cyanotic defects
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ventricles

8. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ductus venosus
Pericardial fluid

9. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Lower chambers - ventricles
Before the third week of gestation
Ligamentum venosum

10. What is the rastelli procedure
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

11. What is systole
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
The contraction phase of the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

12. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
4
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

13. what covers the heart
Before the third week of gestation
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
From the ascending aorta
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

14. What is the name for the upper chambers
Water
Atria
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

15. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
4
There are 4
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

16. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
The relaxation phase of the heart

17. What arteries supply the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

18. How many pulmonary veins are there
The relaxation phase of the heart
There are 4
From the ascending aorta
The contraction phase of the heart

19. What is an atrial septal defect
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Localized narrowing of the aorta

20. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Ligamentum venosum
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

21. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Pericardial fluid
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Localized narrowing of the aorta

22. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
72 bpm
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

23. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

24. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Atria
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

25. What is tricuspid atresia
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Ductus venosus
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

26. What does the cardiac cycle include
Upper chambers - atria
Mitral valve
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

27. Where does the coronary artery arise
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
From the ascending aorta
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Atria

28. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Sternal notch
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

29. What is the most common chest deformity
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
72 bpm
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

30. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
72 bpm
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

31. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

32. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ligamentum venosum
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

33. which chambers receive blood from the veins
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Upper chambers - atria
Pericardial fluid
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

34. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Localized narrowing of the aorta

35. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Water
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Before the third week of gestation

36. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
The contraction phase of the heart

37. What is pulmonary stenosis
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

38. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
The contraction phase of the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Upper chambers - atria
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

39. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Sternal notch
From the ascending aorta
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

40. What is diastole
Generator and electrode
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
Localized narrowing of the aorta

41. What does the umbilical vein become
Water
Ductus venosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

42. What is bradycardia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
The relaxation phase of the heart
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Mechanical or biologic

43. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
4
Pericardial fluid
Ductus venosus

44. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Right atrium or venae cavae
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
The contraction phase of the heart

45. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Lower chambers - ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

46. What is the circulation through the heart
72 bpm
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

47. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Before the third week of gestation

48. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
Lower chambers - ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

49. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
From the ascending aorta
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

50. What is the location of the heart
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Lower chambers - ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy