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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is tricuspid atresia
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

2. What does the cardiac cycle include
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Chordae tendineae
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

3. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

4. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Before the third week of gestation
The contraction phase of the heart
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

5. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Water
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
There are 4

6. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Sternal notch
Generator and electrode

7. What is diastole
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The relaxation phase of the heart
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Atria

8. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ductus venosus
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
There are 4
Ligamentum venosum

9. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
72 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Lower chambers - ventricles

10. What is the name for the lower chambers
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Generator and electrode
Ventricles
Atria

11. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

12. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
4
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Atria
Lower chambers - ventricles

13. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Lower chambers - ventricles

14. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Chordae tendineae

15. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Upper chambers - atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Done on the aerodigestive tract

16. When does development of the heart begin
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
4
Before the third week of gestation

17. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

18. What is systole
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
The contraction phase of the heart
From the ascending aorta
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

19. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
Right atrium or venae cavae
The relaxation phase of the heart
Upper chambers - atria

20. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Mechanical or biologic
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

21. What is pulmonary stenosis
Before the third week of gestation
Mechanical or biologic
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

22. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Right atrium or venae cavae
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Pericardial fluid
Ventricles

23. What is cardiomyopathy
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Disease of the heart muscle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

24. What is an atrial septal defect
Disease of the heart muscle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Sternal notch
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

25. what solution is NOT used during CPB
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Water
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

26. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Chordae tendineae
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

27. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
Sternal notch
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

28. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Disease of the heart muscle
There are 4
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

29. What are non-sterile procedures
Pericardial fluid
The relaxation phase of the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract

30. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Chordae tendineae
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

31. What is the name for the upper chambers
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Atria

32. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
72 bpm
The relaxation phase of the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

33. What are the layers of the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Right atrium or venae cavae
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

34. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Ductus venosus
Chordae tendineae
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Localized narrowing of the aorta

35. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Mechanical or biologic
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

36. What are cyanotic defects
Chordae tendineae
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

37. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Mechanical or biologic
Localized narrowing of the aorta
72 bpm

38. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

39. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Before the third week of gestation
Generator and electrode
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Upper chambers - atria

40. Where does the coronary artery arise
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
From the ascending aorta
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

41. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Mitral valve
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

42. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Chordae tendineae
A single artery arising from both ventricles

43. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Mechanical or biologic
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

44. What is the most common chest deformity
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
The contraction phase of the heart
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Lower chambers - ventricles

45. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Chordae tendineae
72 bpm
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

46. What is cardiac tamponade
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
From the ascending aorta

47. What is a ventricular septal defect
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

48. What are acyanotic defects
Right atrium or venae cavae
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Ligamentum venosum
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

49. What is the circulation through the heart
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Chordae tendineae
Sternal notch
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

50. How many chambers in the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Upper chambers - atria
4
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

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Cardiac Surgery

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