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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

2. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
There are 4
Pericardial fluid
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ligamentum venosum

3. What are the layers of the heart
The relaxation phase of the heart
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

4. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

5. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Mechanical or biologic
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

6. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

7. What is cardiac tamponade
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
4
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Lower chambers - ventricles

8. What is the bundle of his
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

9. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

10. How many chambers in the heart
4
Ventricles
Atria
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

11. What does the umbilical vein become
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ductus venosus
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

12. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

13. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Water
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Atria

14. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Generator and electrode
Upper chambers - atria

15. Where does the coronary artery arise
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
From the ascending aorta
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
4

16. What is cardiomyopathy
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Disease of the heart muscle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

17. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Upper chambers - atria
72 bpm

18. What is a ventricular septal defect
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

19. How many pulmonary veins are there
Ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
There are 4

20. What is systole
Right atrium or venae cavae
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The contraction phase of the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

21. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Upper chambers - atria
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

22. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Water
Right atrium or venae cavae
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

23. what vessels are used for CPBG
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

24. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles

25. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
Upper chambers - atria
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

26. what covers the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

27. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
The contraction phase of the heart
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
72 bpm
Ductus venosus

28. What is an atrial septal defect
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Generator and electrode
Water
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

29. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

30. What is coarctation of the aorta
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
The contraction phase of the heart

31. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Localized narrowing of the aorta

32. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
The relaxation phase of the heart

33. What are non-sterile procedures
The contraction phase of the heart
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Done on the aerodigestive tract

34. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Water
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ventricles

35. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Localized narrowing of the aorta
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Mitral valve

36. What is the name for the upper chambers
The relaxation phase of the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Atria

37. Where is the tricuspid valve located
From the ascending aorta
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

38. What arteries supply the heart
Generator and electrode
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

39. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Generator and electrode
Upper chambers - atria

40. What is the name for the lower chambers
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Water

41. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Mechanical or biologic
Generator and electrode
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

42. What are cyanotic defects
Mitral valve
Sternal notch
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Generator and electrode

43. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

44. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Lower chambers - ventricles
Mitral valve
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

45. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Sternal notch
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

46. What is pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ligamentum venosum

47. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Atria
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

48. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

49. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Before the third week of gestation

50. What is the circulation through the heart
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Lower chambers - ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta