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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

2. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Generator and electrode
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

3. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ductus venosus
Sternal notch

4. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

5. What is a ventricular septal defect
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricles

6. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

7. What does the umbilical vein become
Sternal notch
Chordae tendineae
Ductus venosus
The contraction phase of the heart

8. What is the location of the heart
From the ascending aorta
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles

9. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

10. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

11. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

12. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Water
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Localized narrowing of the aorta

13. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Sternal notch
Ligamentum venosum
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

14. What is the circulation through the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Disease of the heart muscle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

15. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Water

16. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
Right atrium or venae cavae
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Done on the aerodigestive tract

17. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Sternal notch

18. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

19. What arteries supply the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
There are 4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

20. What are cyanotic defects
Atria
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

21. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
72 bpm
Generator and electrode

22. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

23. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Water
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

24. what covers the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Pericardial fluid
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

25. What is the bundle of his
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

26. What is systole
Ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
The contraction phase of the heart
There are 4

27. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
72 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Atria

28. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Disease of the heart muscle
Pericardial fluid
Mechanical or biologic
There are 4

29. What is the rastelli procedure
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Disease of the heart muscle

30. How many chambers in the heart
Ductus venosus
Right atrium or venae cavae
4
Generator and electrode

31. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Sternal notch
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

32. What is cardiomyopathy
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Disease of the heart muscle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

33. What is diastole
Chordae tendineae
The relaxation phase of the heart
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Mitral valve

34. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Mitral valve
Lower chambers - ventricles

35. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
72 bpm
Upper chambers - atria

36. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

37. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
4
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

38. What are the layers of the heart
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Chordae tendineae
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

39. What is coarctation of the aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Localized narrowing of the aorta

40. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

41. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Pericardial fluid
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

42. How many pulmonary veins are there
The contraction phase of the heart
There are 4
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

43. What is cardiac tamponade
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

44. What is the most common chest deformity
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

45. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
From the ascending aorta
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Right atrium or venae cavae

46. What is the name for the upper chambers
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Atria
Upper chambers - atria

47. What does the cardiac cycle include
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

48. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

49. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
Pericardial fluid

50. What is an atrial septal defect
4
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria