Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How many pulmonary veins are there
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
There are 4
Upper chambers - atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

2. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Upper chambers - atria
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Water

3. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Sternal notch
Before the third week of gestation
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

4. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Sternal notch
Mechanical or biologic
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

5. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
From the ascending aorta
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

6. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Sternal notch

7. What is pulmonary stenosis
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

8. What are acyanotic defects
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The relaxation phase of the heart

9. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

10. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The contraction phase of the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
From the ascending aorta

11. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
Chordae tendineae
Atria
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

12. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
72 bpm
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Disease of the heart muscle
The contraction phase of the heart

13. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Generator and electrode
Disease of the heart muscle

14. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Disease of the heart muscle
Chordae tendineae
A single artery arising from both ventricles

15. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

16. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ductus venosus
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

17. How many chambers in the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Generator and electrode
4
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

18. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles

19. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Atria
Lower chambers - ventricles
Chordae tendineae

20. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Ductus venosus
72 bpm
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

21. What are non-sterile procedures
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

22. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

23. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Mitral valve
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

24. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
There are 4

25. What is the circulation through the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

26. What is the bundle of his
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Upper chambers - atria
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

27. When does development of the heart begin
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Before the third week of gestation
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Done on the aerodigestive tract

28. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Mitral valve
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Localized narrowing of the aorta
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

29. What is an atrial septal defect
Atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ductus venosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles

30. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Lower chambers - ventricles
Mitral valve
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

31. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
From the ascending aorta
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

32. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

33. What is diastole
4
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Water
The relaxation phase of the heart

34. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Right atrium or venae cavae

35. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
There are 4

36. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Chordae tendineae
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Before the third week of gestation
Pericardial fluid

37. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ligamentum venosum

38. what vessels are used for CPBG
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

39. What is bradycardia
Mechanical or biologic
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

40. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
There are 4
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

41. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The relaxation phase of the heart
Mitral valve

42. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

43. What does the umbilical vein become
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ductus venosus
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

44. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

45. Where does the coronary artery arise
Atria
From the ascending aorta
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

46. What is systole
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
There are 4
4
The contraction phase of the heart

47. What are the layers of the heart
Chordae tendineae
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Done on the aerodigestive tract
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

48. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
There are 4

49. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ligamentum venosum
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Right atrium or venae cavae

50. What arteries supply the heart
4
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Disease of the heart muscle