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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are acyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Sternal notch
From the ascending aorta
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

2. What are non-sterile procedures
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

3. What is systole
Upper chambers - atria
The contraction phase of the heart
Mitral valve
Chordae tendineae

4. What is a ventricular septal defect
Mitral valve
Generator and electrode
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Atria

5. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Right atrium or venae cavae
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
72 bpm

6. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Mechanical or biologic
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

7. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
4
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
72 bpm

8. When does development of the heart begin
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Before the third week of gestation

9. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

10. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

11. What is the bundle of his
Atria
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

12. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

13. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Upper chambers - atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Sternal notch

14. What is cardiomyopathy
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Disease of the heart muscle
Mechanical or biologic

15. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Upper chambers - atria
72 bpm

16. What is cardiac tamponade
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Chordae tendineae
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

17. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ligamentum venosum
The contraction phase of the heart
Ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract

18. What are the layers of the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

19. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Chordae tendineae

20. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

21. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

22. What is the rastelli procedure
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ductus venosus

23. What is pulmonary stenosis
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

24. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

25. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Atria
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Mitral valve

26. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
The relaxation phase of the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

27. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

28. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ductus venosus
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

29. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

30. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Mitral valve
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Upper chambers - atria
Lower chambers - ventricles

31. How many chambers in the heart
4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

32. What arteries supply the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
From the ascending aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae

33. What does the umbilical vein become
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ductus venosus
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

34. what vessels are used for CPBG
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Mitral valve

35. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
A single artery arising from both ventricles

36. What is the location of the heart
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles

37. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Ligamentum venosum
Right atrium or venae cavae
Before the third week of gestation
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

38. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Ductus venosus
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

39. What is diastole
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
The relaxation phase of the heart

40. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
Ductus venosus
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

41. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Chordae tendineae
The relaxation phase of the heart
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

42. What is the name for the upper chambers
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Atria
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ligamentum venosum

43. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ventricles
Ductus venosus

44. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Generator and electrode
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

45. How many pulmonary veins are there
4
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
There are 4
Sternal notch

46. Where does the coronary artery arise
Atria
A single artery arising from both ventricles
From the ascending aorta
Lower chambers - ventricles

47. What are cyanotic defects
Ligamentum venosum
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

48. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Chordae tendineae

49. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Water
Generator and electrode
Sternal notch
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

50. What is the most common chest deformity
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Pericardial fluid
Water