Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is tricuspid atresia
Disease of the heart muscle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

2. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Mechanical or biologic
Before the third week of gestation
Chordae tendineae

3. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
72 bpm
The contraction phase of the heart

4. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

5. Where does the coronary artery arise
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
There are 4
Done on the aerodigestive tract
From the ascending aorta

6. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

7. Where is the tricuspid valve located
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The relaxation phase of the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

8. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Lower chambers - ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

9. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Lower chambers - ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

10. What does the cardiac cycle include
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Generator and electrode
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
The relaxation phase of the heart

11. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
72 bpm
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Generator and electrode

12. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

13. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Before the third week of gestation
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ligamentum venosum

14. What is the most common chest deformity
Disease of the heart muscle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

15. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Water
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

16. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

17. What is the name for the lower chambers
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

18. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Upper chambers - atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

19. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Disease of the heart muscle
Atria
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

20. What is the name for the upper chambers
From the ascending aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Atria
Water

21. What is systole
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Generator and electrode
The contraction phase of the heart
Sternal notch

22. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

23. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Generator and electrode
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

24. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Pericardial fluid
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Water

25. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Right atrium or venae cavae

26. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Water
Mitral valve
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

27. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

28. What is pulmonary stenosis
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

29. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ductus venosus
Ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

30. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Ductus venosus
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Before the third week of gestation

31. What is cardiac tamponade
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Atria
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

32. How many chambers in the heart
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
4
Mechanical or biologic

33. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Generator and electrode
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

34. What is a ventricular septal defect
Ligamentum venosum
Ductus venosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

35. How many pulmonary veins are there
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
There are 4
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Pericardial fluid

36. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
4
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

37. What is coarctation of the aorta
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
From the ascending aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta

38. What is the circulation through the heart
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

39. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Water
Before the third week of gestation

40. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Chordae tendineae
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

41. What does the umbilical vein become
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ductus venosus
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

42. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Upper chambers - atria
Ductus venosus
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

43. What is an atrial septal defect
Atria
Disease of the heart muscle
Upper chambers - atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

44. What are acyanotic defects
From the ascending aorta
Water
There are 4
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

45. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Ductus venosus
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Chordae tendineae
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

46. What are the layers of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Sternal notch
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

47. What is the location of the heart
Ductus venosus
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Upper chambers - atria

48. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Upper chambers - atria
Atria
Pericardial fluid
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

49. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
There are 4
Disease of the heart muscle

50. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Pericardial fluid
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium