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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. When does development of the heart begin
There are 4
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Before the third week of gestation
Ductus venosus

2. How many pulmonary veins are there
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Generator and electrode
Upper chambers - atria
There are 4

3. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Water
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

4. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
Pericardial fluid
4
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

5. What are non-sterile procedures
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
The contraction phase of the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract

6. Where does the coronary artery arise
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
From the ascending aorta

7. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
From the ascending aorta
Pericardial fluid
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

8. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart

9. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Before the third week of gestation
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

10. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

11. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Atria
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

12. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart

13. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Before the third week of gestation

14. What does the cardiac cycle include
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
4

15. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Upper chambers - atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract

16. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

17. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ventricles

18. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

19. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Upper chambers - atria
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

20. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Upper chambers - atria
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Chordae tendineae

21. How many chambers in the heart
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
4
Right atrium or venae cavae

22. what covers the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Upper chambers - atria

23. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Mechanical or biologic

24. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Mitral valve
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

25. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Pericardial fluid
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ligamentum venosum

26. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

27. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

28. What is systole
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Sternal notch
The contraction phase of the heart

29. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Upper chambers - atria
The relaxation phase of the heart
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Generator and electrode

30. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Atria
The relaxation phase of the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae
Chordae tendineae

31. What are the layers of the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

32. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Generator and electrode
Mechanical or biologic
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Water

33. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
Right atrium or venae cavae
The relaxation phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

34. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Generator and electrode
Sternal notch

35. What is the circulation through the heart
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

36. What is cardiomyopathy
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Right atrium or venae cavae
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Disease of the heart muscle

37. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Chordae tendineae
Upper chambers - atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

38. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Mechanical or biologic
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
72 bpm
Pericardial fluid

39. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Pericardial fluid
Lower chambers - ventricles

40. What is diastole
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart

41. What is tricuspid atresia
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
4
Water
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

42. What is the name for the lower chambers
Mitral valve
Ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Localized narrowing of the aorta

43. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ligamentum venosum
Chordae tendineae
From the ascending aorta

44. What is cardiac tamponade
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Localized narrowing of the aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

45. What are acyanotic defects
From the ascending aorta
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

46. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Chordae tendineae
Sternal notch

47. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Sternal notch
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Right atrium or venae cavae

48. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Atria
Ductus venosus
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

49. What are cyanotic defects
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
72 bpm
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

50. What is the location of the heart
There are 4
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Disease of the heart muscle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays