Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Where does the coronary artery arise
Ventricles
From the ascending aorta
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Mechanical or biologic

2. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

3. What is tricuspid atresia
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
A single artery arising from both ventricles
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

4. When does development of the heart begin
Generator and electrode
Before the third week of gestation
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

5. What is cardiac tamponade
Disease of the heart muscle
4
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

6. What are acyanotic defects
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
72 bpm
The contraction phase of the heart
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

7. How many pulmonary veins are there
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
There are 4
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

8. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Mitral valve

9. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
72 bpm
Chordae tendineae
Mechanical or biologic
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

10. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

11. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Generator and electrode
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

12. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Mechanical or biologic
Ligamentum venosum

13. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Disease of the heart muscle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

14. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
72 bpm
From the ascending aorta
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Chordae tendineae

15. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
There are 4

16. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

17. What is an atrial septal defect
Ductus venosus
Generator and electrode
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract

18. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Disease of the heart muscle
Ductus venosus

19. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
72 bpm
Generator and electrode

20. What is the circulation through the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Chordae tendineae
Done on the aerodigestive tract

21. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Lower chambers - ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Sternal notch

22. What is the rastelli procedure
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ligamentum venosum
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Before the third week of gestation

23. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
The contraction phase of the heart
Disease of the heart muscle
Upper chambers - atria

24. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
The relaxation phase of the heart
Sternal notch

25. What is the name for the lower chambers
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

26. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Generator and electrode
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ligamentum venosum
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

27. What is bradycardia
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Disease of the heart muscle
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

28. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ligamentum venosum
Ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

29. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Generator and electrode
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

30. what vessels are used for CPBG
Ligamentum venosum
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
72 bpm
The relaxation phase of the heart

31. What is pulmonary stenosis
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ligamentum venosum

32. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

33. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

34. What are non-sterile procedures
72 bpm
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Before the third week of gestation
Done on the aerodigestive tract

35. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
72 bpm
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

36. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

37. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ductus venosus
Done on the aerodigestive tract

38. What is the location of the heart
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Mitral valve
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

39. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Mechanical or biologic

40. How many chambers in the heart
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Upper chambers - atria
Atria
4

41. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
4
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

42. What is systole
4
Sternal notch
The contraction phase of the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

43. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Pericardial fluid
Mitral valve

44. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

45. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

46. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
72 bpm

47. What are the layers of the heart
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Localized narrowing of the aorta
There are 4

48. What does the cardiac cycle include
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Disease of the heart muscle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

49. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

50. What is cardiomyopathy
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ductus venosus
Disease of the heart muscle
Ligamentum venosum