Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
From the ascending aorta

2. What are cyanotic defects
Before the third week of gestation
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

3. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
The relaxation phase of the heart

4. Where is the bicuspid valve located
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Mechanical or biologic
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
There are 4

5. How many pulmonary veins are there
Chordae tendineae
There are 4
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

6. What is the circulation through the heart
Ventricles
From the ascending aorta
Generator and electrode
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

7. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
There are 4
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

8. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
72 bpm

9. What arteries supply the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

10. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
From the ascending aorta
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

11. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Water

12. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
There are 4
Lower chambers - ventricles

13. What is cardiac tamponade
Ductus venosus
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ventricles

14. what vessels are used for CPBG
Ligamentum venosum
72 bpm
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

15. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ligamentum venosum

16. When does development of the heart begin
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Before the third week of gestation
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

17. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Pericardial fluid
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Generator and electrode

18. How many chambers in the heart
4
Ductus venosus
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
The relaxation phase of the heart

19. what solution is NOT used during CPB
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart
Water
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

20. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
There are 4
Mitral valve

21. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
72 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

22. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Disease of the heart muscle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

23. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
The contraction phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Disease of the heart muscle

24. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Disease of the heart muscle
From the ascending aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

25. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Mechanical or biologic
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

26. What is the location of the heart
Mitral valve
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
72 bpm

27. What is the name for the lower chambers
Generator and electrode
From the ascending aorta
The contraction phase of the heart
Ventricles

28. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

29. What is bradycardia
Pericardial fluid
Mitral valve
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

30. What is diastole
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
The relaxation phase of the heart
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
From the ascending aorta

31. What is cardiomyopathy
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Disease of the heart muscle
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

32. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
72 bpm
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

33. What is the most common chest deformity
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
There are 4
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

34. What is tricuspid atresia
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Atria
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

35. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
4
Right atrium or venae cavae
Disease of the heart muscle

36. What does the umbilical vein become
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ductus venosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles

37. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Upper chambers - atria
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

38. Where does the coronary artery arise
Pericardial fluid
From the ascending aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Atria

39. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Mitral valve
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

40. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

41. What are the layers of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles

42. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Pericardial fluid

43. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Water
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

44. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Upper chambers - atria
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles

45. What is systole
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The contraction phase of the heart

46. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Upper chambers - atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

47. What are acyanotic defects
Before the third week of gestation
Localized narrowing of the aorta
From the ascending aorta
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

48. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
The contraction phase of the heart
Lower chambers - ventricles
Sternal notch
Atria

49. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

50. What are non-sterile procedures
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity