Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is diastole
Sternal notch
The relaxation phase of the heart
Generator and electrode
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

2. What does the cardiac cycle include
Pericardial fluid
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

3. What is the location of the heart
Pericardial fluid
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Sternal notch

4. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Sternal notch
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

5. What is cardiac tamponade
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

6. What is the most common chest deformity
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Generator and electrode
Disease of the heart muscle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

7. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Atria
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Sternal notch

8. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
The contraction phase of the heart
72 bpm

9. Where does the coronary artery arise
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
From the ascending aorta
Water
72 bpm

10. what vessels are used for CPBG
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
From the ascending aorta
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

11. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Ventricles
From the ascending aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

12. What arteries supply the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

13. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
The contraction phase of the heart
Upper chambers - atria

14. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Ligamentum venosum
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

15. What is bradycardia
72 bpm
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Right atrium or venae cavae

16. what solution is NOT used during CPB
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Water
4
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

17. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
There are 4
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

18. What is pulmonary stenosis
Ligamentum venosum
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Pericardial fluid

19. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Right atrium or venae cavae
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Chordae tendineae

20. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Upper chambers - atria
Disease of the heart muscle

21. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
There are 4
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Water

22. What is the name for the upper chambers
Before the third week of gestation
Disease of the heart muscle
Atria
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

23. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Water
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

24. what covers the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Right atrium or venae cavae

25. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Water
Chordae tendineae
From the ascending aorta
4

26. What is the circulation through the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae
Generator and electrode
Atria
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

27. What are the layers of the heart
Atria
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

28. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Mitral valve
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

29. What are non-sterile procedures
Ligamentum venosum
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

30. What is cardiomyopathy
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
72 bpm
Disease of the heart muscle
Lower chambers - ventricles

31. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ventricles

32. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Sternal notch

33. What is a ventricular septal defect
A single artery arising from both ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Generator and electrode

34. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Lower chambers - ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

35. What is an atrial septal defect
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Mechanical or biologic

36. When does development of the heart begin
Upper chambers - atria
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Before the third week of gestation

37. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
The relaxation phase of the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Upper chambers - atria
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

38. What is coarctation of the aorta
Disease of the heart muscle
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
There are 4
Localized narrowing of the aorta

39. What is the bundle of his
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Chordae tendineae
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

40. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Chordae tendineae
Pericardial fluid
Disease of the heart muscle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

41. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
There are 4
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
The relaxation phase of the heart
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

42. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

43. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

44. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Disease of the heart muscle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

45. What does the umbilical vein become
Upper chambers - atria
Ductus venosus
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

46. What is the rastelli procedure
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Mechanical or biologic
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

47. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
A single artery arising from both ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract

48. What is systole
There are 4
The contraction phase of the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

49. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Upper chambers - atria
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Chordae tendineae

50. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
Water