Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are cyanotic defects
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Before the third week of gestation

2. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Upper chambers - atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

3. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

4. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
From the ascending aorta
A single artery arising from both ventricles

5. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
4
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Sternal notch

6. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Before the third week of gestation
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

7. What is the location of the heart
Lower chambers - ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
The contraction phase of the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae

8. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

9. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ductus venosus
Mitral valve

10. What is an atrial septal defect
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Localized narrowing of the aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
From the ascending aorta

11. How many chambers in the heart
4
Pericardial fluid
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

12. What are the layers of the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Sternal notch
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Done on the aerodigestive tract

13. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Mitral valve
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Upper chambers - atria

14. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

15. What is coarctation of the aorta
Before the third week of gestation
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Localized narrowing of the aorta
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

16. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

17. What is tricuspid atresia
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Water
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Disease of the heart muscle

18. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Water
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

19. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Mechanical or biologic
Sternal notch
From the ascending aorta
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

20. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

21. When does development of the heart begin
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Atria
Sternal notch
Before the third week of gestation

22. What is the most common chest deformity
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

23. What is cardiac tamponade
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

24. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
72 bpm
Upper chambers - atria
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

25. What is diastole
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
The relaxation phase of the heart
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

26. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Before the third week of gestation
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

27. What is a ventricular septal defect
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Right atrium or venae cavae
Mechanical or biologic
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

28. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

29. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
72 bpm
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Disease of the heart muscle

30. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
From the ascending aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta

31. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Generator and electrode
4

32. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
Sternal notch
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
72 bpm

33. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
From the ascending aorta
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Mechanical or biologic

34. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

35. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
4

36. Where does the coronary artery arise
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
From the ascending aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

37. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

38. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Pericardial fluid
Ligamentum venosum
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

39. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
There are 4
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ventricles

40. What are non-sterile procedures
Mechanical or biologic
Ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

41. What is pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Pericardial fluid
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Generator and electrode

42. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ligamentum venosum
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

43. What is the circulation through the heart
Ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Pericardial fluid

44. What is the bundle of his
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

45. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
Disease of the heart muscle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

46. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ductus venosus
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

47. What is the rastelli procedure
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart

48. what vessels are used for CPBG
From the ascending aorta
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

49. What is the name for the lower chambers
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

50. What does the cardiac cycle include
Ventricles
Pericardial fluid
Done on the aerodigestive tract
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat