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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is cardiac tamponade
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

2. What is a ventricular septal defect
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

3. Where does the coronary artery arise
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Right atrium or venae cavae
From the ascending aorta

4. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ductus venosus

5. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Sternal notch
Mitral valve
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Pericardial fluid

6. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Done on the aerodigestive tract
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

7. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Disease of the heart muscle
Generator and electrode
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles

8. What is the bundle of his
Generator and electrode
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ligamentum venosum

9. How many chambers in the heart
4
Mechanical or biologic
Mitral valve
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

10. What is tricuspid atresia
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
The contraction phase of the heart
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

11. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

12. What is the rastelli procedure
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

13. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

14. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
The relaxation phase of the heart

15. What are acyanotic defects
Ligamentum venosum
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ductus venosus
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

16. What is pulmonary stenosis
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

17. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

18. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Disease of the heart muscle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
72 bpm

19. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ductus venosus
Water

20. What is the most common chest deformity
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

21. What arteries supply the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Generator and electrode
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

22. What is systole
Upper chambers - atria
The contraction phase of the heart
4
A single artery arising from both ventricles

23. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ductus venosus

24. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Disease of the heart muscle
Ligamentum venosum
Right atrium or venae cavae
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

25. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Pericardial fluid
Chordae tendineae
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

26. What are the layers of the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

27. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Water

28. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Lower chambers - ventricles
A single artery arising from both ventricles

29. What does the umbilical vein become
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ductus venosus
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

30. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Atria
Water
Mechanical or biologic
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

31. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Pericardial fluid
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
The contraction phase of the heart

32. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
Localized narrowing of the aorta
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

33. What is the name for the upper chambers
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Atria
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

34. What are cyanotic defects
Mitral valve
4
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

35. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
The relaxation phase of the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

36. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The relaxation phase of the heart
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

37. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Disease of the heart muscle
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

38. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
The relaxation phase of the heart
Atria

39. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Right atrium or venae cavae

40. What is coarctation of the aorta
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
A single artery arising from both ventricles

41. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

42. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
The contraction phase of the heart
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae

43. What is the location of the heart
Localized narrowing of the aorta
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Mechanical or biologic
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

44. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
72 bpm
Chordae tendineae
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

45. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

46. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Generator and electrode
Localized narrowing of the aorta

47. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
The relaxation phase of the heart
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Sternal notch

48. What is diastole
Pericardial fluid
Ligamentum venosum
The relaxation phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

49. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Mitral valve
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

50. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
72 bpm
4
Atria