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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is tricuspid atresia
Done on the aerodigestive tract
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

2. How many chambers in the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract
4
Mitral valve
Generator and electrode

3. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ventricles
Ductus venosus

4. What is the most common chest deformity
Generator and electrode
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The relaxation phase of the heart

5. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

6. What is systole
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart

7. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Lower chambers - ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ductus venosus

8. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Sternal notch

9. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

10. What is coarctation of the aorta
The contraction phase of the heart
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Localized narrowing of the aorta

11. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
72 bpm

12. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ductus venosus
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

13. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

14. what covers the heart
The relaxation phase of the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

15. What is the name for the upper chambers
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Atria
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

16. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Disease of the heart muscle
Ligamentum venosum
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Mechanical or biologic

17. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Before the third week of gestation
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles

18. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Pericardial fluid
Disease of the heart muscle
Atria

19. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Mitral valve
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

20. What is cardiomyopathy
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Disease of the heart muscle

21. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Mitral valve
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

22. What is the bundle of his
Ligamentum venosum
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Atria
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

23. Where does the coronary artery arise
A single artery arising from both ventricles
From the ascending aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
72 bpm

24. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
The relaxation phase of the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Mechanical or biologic
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

25. What is diastole
Sternal notch
Ligamentum venosum
The relaxation phase of the heart
Ventricles

26. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
4
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

27. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
72 bpm
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Before the third week of gestation
Lower chambers - ventricles

28. What is an atrial septal defect
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

29. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Before the third week of gestation
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

30. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
The contraction phase of the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae
Mitral valve
72 bpm

31. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Generator and electrode
Atria
Mechanical or biologic
Pericardial fluid

32. What is cardiac tamponade
Chordae tendineae
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Generator and electrode
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

33. What is a ventricular septal defect
Mechanical or biologic
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

34. what vessels are used for CPBG
Mechanical or biologic
Ductus venosus
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

35. What are the layers of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
From the ascending aorta
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

36. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

37. What is the circulation through the heart
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Pericardial fluid
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

38. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ductus venosus
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

39. What is the location of the heart
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae

40. What arteries supply the heart
There are 4
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Generator and electrode
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

41. What is bradycardia
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
4
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

42. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
The contraction phase of the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

43. When does development of the heart begin
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Before the third week of gestation
The relaxation phase of the heart
Ventricles

44. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Chordae tendineae

45. How many pulmonary veins are there
Generator and electrode
The contraction phase of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
There are 4

46. What are acyanotic defects
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Right atrium or venae cavae
Water
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

47. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ductus venosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles

48. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
From the ascending aorta
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

49. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

50. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery