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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Generator and electrode
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

2. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Mechanical or biologic
Chordae tendineae
Ligamentum venosum
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

3. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Sternal notch

4. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

5. what vessels are used for CPBG
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Disease of the heart muscle
The relaxation phase of the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

6. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Ligamentum venosum
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Atria
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

7. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ligamentum venosum
Pericardial fluid
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

8. What is the name for the lower chambers
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ventricles

9. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

10. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Water
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

11. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Upper chambers - atria

12. What is diastole
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
The relaxation phase of the heart
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Before the third week of gestation

13. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
The contraction phase of the heart
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Generator and electrode

14. What are the layers of the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Water
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

15. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
72 bpm
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

16. When does development of the heart begin
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Before the third week of gestation

17. What arteries supply the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ligamentum venosum
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

18. What are acyanotic defects
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ductus venosus

19. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
Chordae tendineae
Sternal notch
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

20. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Chordae tendineae
Before the third week of gestation

21. What is the most common chest deformity
4
Upper chambers - atria
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

22. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Disease of the heart muscle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

23. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

24. What is the name for the upper chambers
Mechanical or biologic
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
4
Atria

25. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

26. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Water
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Right atrium or venae cavae

27. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
Generator and electrode
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
There are 4

28. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
4
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart

29. What is the rastelli procedure
Right atrium or venae cavae
There are 4
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

30. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Lower chambers - ventricles
A single artery arising from both ventricles
There are 4
Done on the aerodigestive tract

31. What does the umbilical vein become
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ductus venosus
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Water

32. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ductus venosus
Sternal notch
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

33. What is the location of the heart
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

34. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Pericardial fluid
Generator and electrode

35. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Generator and electrode

36. What is the circulation through the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

37. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Generator and electrode
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

38. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

39. How many chambers in the heart
4
Sternal notch
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

40. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ductus venosus
Mitral valve
Water

41. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Atria
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

42. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Chordae tendineae

43. What is the bundle of his
72 bpm
Chordae tendineae
From the ascending aorta
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

44. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Sternal notch
Water
Chordae tendineae
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

45. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Disease of the heart muscle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

46. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

47. What is coarctation of the aorta
Ligamentum venosum
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
Localized narrowing of the aorta

48. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

49. How many pulmonary veins are there
Generator and electrode
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
There are 4

50. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Pericardial fluid
Ligamentum venosum
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
There are 4