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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What does the umbilical vein become
The relaxation phase of the heart
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ductus venosus
Disease of the heart muscle

2. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Atria

3. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Disease of the heart muscle

4. What arteries supply the heart
Disease of the heart muscle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

5. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
72 bpm
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

6. What is coarctation of the aorta
Ductus venosus
Localized narrowing of the aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Mitral valve

7. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Sternal notch
Pericardial fluid
Water

8. What is cardiac tamponade
Generator and electrode
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
From the ascending aorta

9. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The contraction phase of the heart

10. What is the most common chest deformity
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Upper chambers - atria

11. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Done on the aerodigestive tract

12. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
From the ascending aorta
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Atria

13. what solution is NOT used during CPB
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Water
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

14. What is an atrial septal defect
Pericardial fluid
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

15. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The contraction phase of the heart
Ligamentum venosum

16. What are cyanotic defects
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

17. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
From the ascending aorta
Done on the aerodigestive tract

18. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Before the third week of gestation
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

19. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ligamentum venosum
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

20. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Before the third week of gestation

21. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
From the ascending aorta
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

22. What is the circulation through the heart
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

23. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Lower chambers - ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Upper chambers - atria

24. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
4
Done on the aerodigestive tract

25. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
There are 4

26. What is a ventricular septal defect
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract

27. Where does the coronary artery arise
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
From the ascending aorta

28. What is pulmonary stenosis
72 bpm
Ventricles
4
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

29. Where is the tricuspid valve located
The relaxation phase of the heart
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

30. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

31. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Upper chambers - atria

32. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
There are 4
Atria
Mechanical or biologic
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

33. What is tricuspid atresia
Mitral valve
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Disease of the heart muscle

34. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Sternal notch
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

35. What is bradycardia
Mitral valve
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Chordae tendineae
Ductus venosus

36. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Pericardial fluid

37. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

38. How many chambers in the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Pericardial fluid
4

39. What is cardiomyopathy
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Disease of the heart muscle

40. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

41. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

42. What are non-sterile procedures
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Atria
4
Done on the aerodigestive tract

43. What are the layers of the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

44. What is diastole
A single artery arising from both ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
There are 4
Localized narrowing of the aorta

45. What is the name for the lower chambers
4
Right atrium or venae cavae
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ventricles

46. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
Sternal notch
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

47. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
The relaxation phase of the heart
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

48. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

49. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Upper chambers - atria

50. What is the bundle of his
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles