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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Generator and electrode
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Right atrium or venae cavae

2. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

3. What are the layers of the heart
Localized narrowing of the aorta
The contraction phase of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Right atrium or venae cavae

4. Where is the tricuspid valve located
A single artery arising from both ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

5. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

6. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Generator and electrode
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Chordae tendineae
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

7. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Upper chambers - atria
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

8. What is a ventricular septal defect
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

9. what covers the heart
72 bpm
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Atria

10. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Pericardial fluid
Ligamentum venosum
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Before the third week of gestation

11. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Atria

12. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
There are 4
Mitral valve
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

13. What does the cardiac cycle include
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Pericardial fluid

14. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

15. What is the circulation through the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
From the ascending aorta

16. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Mechanical or biologic
4
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

17. What is the rastelli procedure
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
4
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

18. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
72 bpm
Generator and electrode

19. What are non-sterile procedures
Before the third week of gestation
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Done on the aerodigestive tract

20. When does development of the heart begin
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Disease of the heart muscle
Before the third week of gestation
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

21. what vessels are used for CPBG
Before the third week of gestation
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
From the ascending aorta
Atria

22. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Disease of the heart muscle
Mechanical or biologic
From the ascending aorta
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

23. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Generator and electrode
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

24. What are cyanotic defects
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

25. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Atria
Mechanical or biologic
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

26. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

27. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Chordae tendineae

28. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
72 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

29. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Mechanical or biologic
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Disease of the heart muscle

30. What is coarctation of the aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Atria
72 bpm
Localized narrowing of the aorta

31. How many chambers in the heart
4
Mechanical or biologic
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

32. What is cardiac tamponade
Sternal notch
4
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

33. What is an atrial septal defect
Disease of the heart muscle
Mechanical or biologic
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Mitral valve

34. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Lower chambers - ventricles

35. What is cardiomyopathy
Sternal notch
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Disease of the heart muscle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

36. What is the bundle of his
From the ascending aorta
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

37. What arteries supply the heart
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

38. What is the name for the lower chambers
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Pericardial fluid

39. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
The contraction phase of the heart
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

40. What is pulmonary stenosis
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Upper chambers - atria
A single artery arising from both ventricles

41. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Atria
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Water

42. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

43. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Mechanical or biologic
From the ascending aorta

44. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Ligamentum venosum
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

45. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

46. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Disease of the heart muscle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

47. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
Ligamentum venosum
Before the third week of gestation
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

48. What is the most common chest deformity
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Sternal notch

49. Where does the coronary artery arise
Lower chambers - ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
From the ascending aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta

50. What is the location of the heart
Localized narrowing of the aorta
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy