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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

2. What is a ventricular septal defect
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

3. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Generator and electrode
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

4. what covers the heart
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart

5. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Generator and electrode
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
The relaxation phase of the heart

6. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ductus venosus
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

7. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Pericardial fluid
Chordae tendineae
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

8. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Disease of the heart muscle
Ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

9. What is coarctation of the aorta
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Localized narrowing of the aorta

10. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
72 bpm
Chordae tendineae
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Lower chambers - ventricles

11. What is cardiomyopathy
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Disease of the heart muscle

12. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

13. What are acyanotic defects
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

14. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ventricles

15. what vessels are used for CPBG
Atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

16. What is the location of the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

17. What is the name for the upper chambers
Sternal notch
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Atria

18. What is the most common chest deformity
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
From the ascending aorta

19. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Disease of the heart muscle
Mitral valve
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

20. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Generator and electrode
Water
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

21. What is the name for the lower chambers
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
From the ascending aorta
Pericardial fluid
Ventricles

22. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Chordae tendineae
Upper chambers - atria
Mechanical or biologic

23. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles
A single artery arising from both ventricles

24. What is the rastelli procedure
72 bpm
The relaxation phase of the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

25. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

26. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Mechanical or biologic

27. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Chordae tendineae
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

28. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Water
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart

29. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
Chordae tendineae
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
72 bpm

30. What is systole
Ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ligamentum venosum
The contraction phase of the heart

31. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

32. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
72 bpm
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Water

33. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
The contraction phase of the heart
Pericardial fluid
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

34. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Chordae tendineae
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Sternal notch

35. What is pulmonary stenosis
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

36. Where does the coronary artery arise
Atria
Mechanical or biologic
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
From the ascending aorta

37. What does the cardiac cycle include
Right atrium or venae cavae
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

38. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
Atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Pericardial fluid

39. What are non-sterile procedures
Generator and electrode
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Done on the aerodigestive tract
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

40. What is an atrial septal defect
The contraction phase of the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

41. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Chordae tendineae
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Sternal notch
Atria

42. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The relaxation phase of the heart
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

43. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Chordae tendineae
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ligamentum venosum
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

44. What is tricuspid atresia
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ductus venosus
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

45. How many chambers in the heart
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
4
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

46. What is the circulation through the heart
Before the third week of gestation
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
4
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

47. What are the layers of the heart
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

48. When does development of the heart begin
Sternal notch
Before the third week of gestation
Atria
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

49. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Ductus venosus
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

50. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
72 bpm
Lower chambers - ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)