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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Done on the aerodigestive tract
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

2. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
There are 4
The relaxation phase of the heart

3. What is pulmonary stenosis
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Before the third week of gestation
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

4. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ligamentum venosum
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

5. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ductus venosus
Mechanical or biologic

6. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

7. What is the rastelli procedure
Right atrium or venae cavae
Atria
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Mitral valve

8. How many pulmonary veins are there
Ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
There are 4

9. How many chambers in the heart
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
The relaxation phase of the heart
4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

10. What is the most common chest deformity
Chordae tendineae
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Disease of the heart muscle

11. What is cardiomyopathy
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Disease of the heart muscle
Pericardial fluid
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

12. What are the layers of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

13. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

14. what vessels are used for CPBG
Generator and electrode
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

15. When does development of the heart begin
Ligamentum venosum
Before the third week of gestation
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Generator and electrode

16. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Atria

17. What does the umbilical vein become
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ductus venosus
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

18. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ligamentum venosum

19. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Chordae tendineae
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Before the third week of gestation

20. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Pericardial fluid
Lower chambers - ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
There are 4

21. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

22. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Atria
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

23. What is diastole
Mitral valve
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
Pericardial fluid

24. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Sternal notch
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Mitral valve
Chordae tendineae

25. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Atria
Sternal notch

26. What is cardiac tamponade
Water
Ductus venosus
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Sternal notch

27. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ductus venosus
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

28. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
The relaxation phase of the heart
There are 4

29. What is systole
Mitral valve
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

30. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
4
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

31. What are cyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The relaxation phase of the heart

32. What is the name for the lower chambers
Upper chambers - atria
Ventricles
Ductus venosus
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

33. what covers the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

34. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Mechanical or biologic
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Generator and electrode
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

35. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
The contraction phase of the heart
From the ascending aorta
Ligamentum venosum
Upper chambers - atria

36. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Atria
From the ascending aorta

37. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Mechanical or biologic
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

38. Where does the coronary artery arise
Lower chambers - ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
From the ascending aorta
Chordae tendineae

39. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

40. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
From the ascending aorta
The contraction phase of the heart
Mechanical or biologic

41. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

42. What is the circulation through the heart
Upper chambers - atria
From the ascending aorta
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

43. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Water

44. What arteries supply the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

45. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Generator and electrode
Water

46. What does the cardiac cycle include
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

47. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Atria
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

48. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
72 bpm
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

49. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The contraction phase of the heart
4
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

50. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
The contraction phase of the heart