Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How many chambers in the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ventricles
4

2. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Mitral valve
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

3. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

4. What arteries supply the heart
Ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Before the third week of gestation

5. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
72 bpm
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Lower chambers - ventricles

6. What is the most common chest deformity
Pericardial fluid
Generator and electrode
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Lower chambers - ventricles

7. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
From the ascending aorta
Mechanical or biologic
The contraction phase of the heart

8. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Generator and electrode
Upper chambers - atria

9. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Pericardial fluid
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

10. What is a ventricular septal defect
The contraction phase of the heart
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

11. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Atria
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

12. What are the layers of the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

13. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

14. What is the name for the lower chambers
Atria
Ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
From the ascending aorta

15. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
4
From the ascending aorta
The contraction phase of the heart
Chordae tendineae

16. What are cyanotic defects
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Upper chambers - atria
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

17. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Localized narrowing of the aorta
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

18. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Right atrium or venae cavae
Generator and electrode
72 bpm

19. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
Lower chambers - ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

20. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
72 bpm
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

21. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Disease of the heart muscle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

22. What are non-sterile procedures
Pericardial fluid
Sternal notch
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Done on the aerodigestive tract

23. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Before the third week of gestation

24. What are acyanotic defects
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Upper chambers - atria

25. What is coarctation of the aorta
Mechanical or biologic
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Before the third week of gestation

26. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
The contraction phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

27. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Chordae tendineae
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

28. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Ductus venosus
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ligamentum venosum
Lower chambers - ventricles

29. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Right atrium or venae cavae
Generator and electrode
Before the third week of gestation

30. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
Mechanical or biologic
Mitral valve
Before the third week of gestation

31. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Mechanical or biologic
4

32. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
4
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Sternal notch

33. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Localized narrowing of the aorta
The relaxation phase of the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

34. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Pericardial fluid
72 bpm

35. What does the umbilical vein become
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ventricles
Ductus venosus
Sternal notch

36. What is diastole
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
The relaxation phase of the heart
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

37. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
The contraction phase of the heart
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

38. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
There are 4
72 bpm
Water
Pericardial fluid

39. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Right atrium or venae cavae
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ligamentum venosum

40. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
A single artery arising from both ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

41. Where is the tricuspid valve located
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

42. Where does the coronary artery arise
Done on the aerodigestive tract
From the ascending aorta
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ductus venosus

43. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

44. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ductus venosus

45. What is an atrial septal defect
Ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

46. What is systole
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Before the third week of gestation
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
The contraction phase of the heart

47. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

48. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Ventricles
Ligamentum venosum
Ductus venosus
Water

49. What is the bundle of his
4
Ductus venosus
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Mitral valve

50. What is bradycardia
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Lower chambers - ventricles