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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How many pulmonary veins are there
The contraction phase of the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
There are 4
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

2. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
72 bpm
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

3. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Right atrium or venae cavae

4. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Right atrium or venae cavae
There are 4

5. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Lower chambers - ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ligamentum venosum
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

6. What is systole
Ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

7. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Lower chambers - ventricles
There are 4

8. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Chordae tendineae
Pericardial fluid
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

9. What is coarctation of the aorta
The contraction phase of the heart
Ligamentum venosum
From the ascending aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta

10. What is the rastelli procedure
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The relaxation phase of the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

11. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
From the ascending aorta
Generator and electrode
Sternal notch

12. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Mechanical or biologic
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

13. When does development of the heart begin
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Before the third week of gestation
Generator and electrode
72 bpm

14. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Mechanical or biologic

15. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Mitral valve
Right atrium or venae cavae
From the ascending aorta

16. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

17. What is bradycardia
Right atrium or venae cavae
Pericardial fluid
The contraction phase of the heart
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

18. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Mitral valve
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

19. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
The contraction phase of the heart
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Sternal notch

20. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

21. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

22. What is the most common chest deformity
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Disease of the heart muscle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

23. what vessels are used for CPBG
Sternal notch
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ventricles

24. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Mechanical or biologic
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

25. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Water
From the ascending aorta

26. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

27. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Mechanical or biologic
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Before the third week of gestation
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

28. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ductus venosus
4
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

29. What arteries supply the heart
Water
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

30. What are the layers of the heart
Water
Generator and electrode
4
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

31. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
From the ascending aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae

32. What is the name for the lower chambers
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ventricles

33. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

34. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Upper chambers - atria
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ventricles

35. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Sternal notch
Right atrium or venae cavae

36. What is diastole
Pericardial fluid
4
The relaxation phase of the heart
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

37. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

38. which chambers receive blood from the veins
72 bpm
Ligamentum venosum
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Upper chambers - atria

39. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Upper chambers - atria
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

40. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Localized narrowing of the aorta
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

41. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
The contraction phase of the heart
Pericardial fluid
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

42. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Atria
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

43. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ligamentum venosum

44. What are non-sterile procedures
Disease of the heart muscle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

45. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Mitral valve
Water
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

46. What is the location of the heart
Mechanical or biologic
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Generator and electrode

47. What is cardiac tamponade
Disease of the heart muscle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ligamentum venosum
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

48. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
There are 4
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
4

49. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
There are 4
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Before the third week of gestation
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

50. What is cardiomyopathy
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Disease of the heart muscle