Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Pericardial fluid
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

2. What is bradycardia
The contraction phase of the heart
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

3. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Generator and electrode
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
4

4. what vessels are used for CPBG
Water
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
72 bpm
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

5. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Lower chambers - ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ductus venosus

6. How many pulmonary veins are there
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
There are 4
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

7. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Chordae tendineae
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

8. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ligamentum venosum
The relaxation phase of the heart
Water

9. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

10. What does the cardiac cycle include
Before the third week of gestation
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
From the ascending aorta

11. What is cardiomyopathy
Ligamentum venosum
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Right atrium or venae cavae
Disease of the heart muscle

12. What is the circulation through the heart
Upper chambers - atria
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
The contraction phase of the heart

13. What are the layers of the heart
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
From the ascending aorta
Before the third week of gestation

14. What is coarctation of the aorta
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Before the third week of gestation
Water
Localized narrowing of the aorta

15. What is the name for the lower chambers
There are 4
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
72 bpm
Ventricles

16. What is the bundle of his
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Atria

17. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ductus venosus
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
The relaxation phase of the heart

18. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

19. What are non-sterile procedures
The contraction phase of the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

20. How many chambers in the heart
There are 4
4
Ligamentum venosum
Atria

21. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Sternal notch
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

22. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

23. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Pericardial fluid
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

24. Where does the coronary artery arise
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
From the ascending aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

25. What are acyanotic defects
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

26. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
72 bpm
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

27. what covers the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

28. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Upper chambers - atria

29. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Sternal notch
Pericardial fluid
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

30. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ligamentum venosum
4
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

31. When does development of the heart begin
72 bpm
Before the third week of gestation
Ligamentum venosum
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

32. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Atria
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

33. What does the umbilical vein become
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
72 bpm
Ductus venosus
Atria

34. What is a ventricular septal defect
Before the third week of gestation
Ventricles
4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

35. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Sternal notch
Ligamentum venosum
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

36. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Generator and electrode
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
There are 4
Mitral valve

37. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Before the third week of gestation
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
The contraction phase of the heart
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

38. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

39. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Before the third week of gestation
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Atria

40. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ligamentum venosum
Water
Disease of the heart muscle

41. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Atria
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
From the ascending aorta
Upper chambers - atria

42. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
There are 4
Pericardial fluid
72 bpm

43. What is tricuspid atresia
A single artery arising from both ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ligamentum venosum

44. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

45. What are cyanotic defects
Sternal notch
Disease of the heart muscle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

46. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Sternal notch
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract

47. What arteries supply the heart
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

48. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Chordae tendineae
Lower chambers - ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

49. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
The contraction phase of the heart

50. What is diastole
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
From the ascending aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The relaxation phase of the heart