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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Disease of the heart muscle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

2. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ductus venosus
The contraction phase of the heart

3. When does development of the heart begin
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Pericardial fluid
Before the third week of gestation
A single artery arising from both ventricles

4. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Chordae tendineae
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

5. what covers the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

6. What are non-sterile procedures
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

7. Where is the tricuspid valve located
4
Water
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

8. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

9. What is the name for the upper chambers
Ductus venosus
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Right atrium or venae cavae
Atria

10. What arteries supply the heart
From the ascending aorta
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Upper chambers - atria

11. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

12. What is the circulation through the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Mitral valve

13. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
Generator and electrode
72 bpm
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

14. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Pericardial fluid
Lower chambers - ventricles
Mechanical or biologic
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

15. what vessels are used for CPBG
Mechanical or biologic
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

16. What is systole
Pericardial fluid
The contraction phase of the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Disease of the heart muscle

17. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Lower chambers - ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae

18. What is the rastelli procedure
Chordae tendineae
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

19. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Right atrium or venae cavae
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

20. What is the most common chest deformity
Before the third week of gestation
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Mitral valve
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

21. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ligamentum venosum
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The relaxation phase of the heart

22. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
Ligamentum venosum
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Atria

23. what solution is NOT used during CPB
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Chordae tendineae
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Water

24. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Sternal notch
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

25. How many chambers in the heart
Chordae tendineae
4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

26. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart
72 bpm

27. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Generator and electrode
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

28. What is pulmonary stenosis
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

29. What is tricuspid atresia
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Generator and electrode
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

30. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
From the ascending aorta
Disease of the heart muscle
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Mitral valve

31. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ligamentum venosum

32. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Before the third week of gestation
Ventricles
Mechanical or biologic

33. What are acyanotic defects
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The contraction phase of the heart
The relaxation phase of the heart

34. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Sternal notch
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Pericardial fluid

35. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Localized narrowing of the aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Mitral valve

36. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart
Atria
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

37. What is the bundle of his
There are 4
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Upper chambers - atria
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

38. What is cardiac tamponade
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

39. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

40. Where does the coronary artery arise
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
From the ascending aorta

41. What are the layers of the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

42. What does the cardiac cycle include
A single artery arising from both ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Upper chambers - atria
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

43. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Mechanical or biologic
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

44. What is diastole
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Disease of the heart muscle
The relaxation phase of the heart
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

45. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Upper chambers - atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
There are 4
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

46. What does the umbilical vein become
4
Ductus venosus
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
There are 4

47. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
From the ascending aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta

48. What is bradycardia
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ductus venosus
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

49. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Upper chambers - atria
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

50. What is coarctation of the aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Localized narrowing of the aorta