Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Right atrium or venae cavae
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

2. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
There are 4
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Pericardial fluid

3. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Mitral valve
Right atrium or venae cavae

4. Where is the bicuspid valve located
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

5. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Generator and electrode
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

6. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Sternal notch
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

7. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Mitral valve
The contraction phase of the heart
Mechanical or biologic

8. How many chambers in the heart
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
4
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

9. What is the circulation through the heart
Pericardial fluid
The relaxation phase of the heart
Disease of the heart muscle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

10. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Water
Atria
Mechanical or biologic

11. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Disease of the heart muscle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

12. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Sternal notch
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

13. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
Water

14. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
Chordae tendineae
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

15. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Disease of the heart muscle
Right atrium or venae cavae
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricles

16. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Sternal notch
Water

17. What are the layers of the heart
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Right atrium or venae cavae
Mechanical or biologic
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

18. What does the cardiac cycle include
4
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

19. What is the rastelli procedure
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Water
4
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

20. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Mitral valve
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

21. What is systole
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ligamentum venosum
The contraction phase of the heart

22. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Pericardial fluid
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ligamentum venosum
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

23. which chambers receive blood from the veins
From the ascending aorta
Upper chambers - atria
Lower chambers - ventricles
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

24. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Chordae tendineae
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Disease of the heart muscle
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

25. What is coarctation of the aorta
Generator and electrode
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Localized narrowing of the aorta

26. What is tricuspid atresia
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Mechanical or biologic
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

27. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

28. What is an atrial septal defect
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

29. What is the bundle of his
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae

30. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Ventricles
Ligamentum venosum
Chordae tendineae
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

31. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
The relaxation phase of the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

32. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
Ductus venosus
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

33. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Sternal notch
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

34. what covers the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Right atrium or venae cavae
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid

35. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Water
Generator and electrode
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

36. What are cyanotic defects
Ligamentum venosum
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Mechanical or biologic
There are 4

37. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
4

38. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ductus venosus
There are 4
A single artery arising from both ventricles

39. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

40. Where does the coronary artery arise
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
From the ascending aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Pericardial fluid

41. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Localized narrowing of the aorta
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

42. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Before the third week of gestation
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Sternal notch

43. What is pulmonary stenosis
Ventricles
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

44. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

45. What is cardiac tamponade
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

46. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Generator and electrode
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

47. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
From the ascending aorta
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles

48. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

49. How many pulmonary veins are there
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Mitral valve
There are 4
4

50. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Ligamentum venosum
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ventricles