Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
There are 4

2. What does the cardiac cycle include
Mitral valve
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Water

3. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
A single artery arising from both ventricles

4. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Lower chambers - ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Water

5. What is bradycardia
Chordae tendineae
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

6. What is the name for the upper chambers
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Water

7. What are the layers of the heart
Ligamentum venosum
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Upper chambers - atria

8. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

9. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Upper chambers - atria
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Lower chambers - ventricles

10. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Upper chambers - atria
Disease of the heart muscle

11. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Atria

12. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
From the ascending aorta
Upper chambers - atria

13. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Disease of the heart muscle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

14. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Mechanical or biologic
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

15. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Disease of the heart muscle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Mechanical or biologic

16. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Right atrium or venae cavae
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
4
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

17. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Pericardial fluid
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

18. What is cardiac tamponade
The contraction phase of the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

19. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
72 bpm
Disease of the heart muscle
Ligamentum venosum

20. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Generator and electrode

21. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Mechanical or biologic
72 bpm
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

22. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Sternal notch
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

23. What are cyanotic defects
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Mitral valve
Ductus venosus

24. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
Ductus venosus
4
Water

25. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

26. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Before the third week of gestation

27. what covers the heart
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Disease of the heart muscle

28. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

29. What is systole
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The contraction phase of the heart
Chordae tendineae
Right atrium or venae cavae

30. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Disease of the heart muscle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Chordae tendineae
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

31. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Pericardial fluid
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Mechanical or biologic

32. What is a ventricular septal defect
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

33. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Mitral valve

34. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
A single artery arising from both ventricles

35. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

36. What is the circulation through the heart
Generator and electrode
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

37. What is diastole
Lower chambers - ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

38. What arteries supply the heart
Ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Disease of the heart muscle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

39. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Right atrium or venae cavae
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles

40. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
4
Mechanical or biologic
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

41. What is pulmonary stenosis
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

42. What does the umbilical vein become
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Water
72 bpm
Ductus venosus

43. what vessels are used for CPBG
72 bpm
The relaxation phase of the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

44. What is the bundle of his
Done on the aerodigestive tract
4
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

45. What is an atrial septal defect
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

46. What is coarctation of the aorta
Chordae tendineae
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Localized narrowing of the aorta

47. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Atria
4
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

48. What is cardiomyopathy
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Disease of the heart muscle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

49. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Generator and electrode
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Done on the aerodigestive tract
A single artery arising from both ventricles

50. Where does the coronary artery arise
Ligamentum venosum
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Lower chambers - ventricles
From the ascending aorta