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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is bradycardia
Before the third week of gestation
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

2. What is the name for the lower chambers
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

3. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Mechanical or biologic
Ligamentum venosum
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

4. What is the rastelli procedure
Pericardial fluid
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

5. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

6. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ventricles
Mitral valve
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

7. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Disease of the heart muscle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

8. How many chambers in the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
4
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

9. What is the most common chest deformity
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

10. What is the location of the heart
The relaxation phase of the heart
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

11. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
There are 4
Ductus venosus
Sternal notch
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

12. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Upper chambers - atria
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Done on the aerodigestive tract

13. What is an atrial septal defect
From the ascending aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Chordae tendineae

14. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Pericardial fluid
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

15. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
72 bpm
The contraction phase of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

16. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

17. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Mechanical or biologic
The contraction phase of the heart

18. What is cardiomyopathy
There are 4
Disease of the heart muscle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

19. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae

20. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ductus venosus
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles

21. What is pulmonary stenosis
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
The contraction phase of the heart

22. What is systole
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The contraction phase of the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

23. What is tricuspid atresia
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

24. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Mitral valve

25. What does the cardiac cycle include
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
From the ascending aorta

26. What is the name for the upper chambers
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Atria
Ligamentum venosum
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

27. When does development of the heart begin
Water
Before the third week of gestation
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

28. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Chordae tendineae
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

29. What is the circulation through the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Disease of the heart muscle
72 bpm
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

30. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Generator and electrode
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Upper chambers - atria

31. what covers the heart
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

32. What is coarctation of the aorta
Sternal notch
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Localized narrowing of the aorta
There are 4

33. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
4
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Atria

34. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

35. What is diastole
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The relaxation phase of the heart
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

36. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
From the ascending aorta

37. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

38. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ventricles

39. What is cardiac tamponade
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Atria
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

40. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

41. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
72 bpm
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ventricles

42. Where is the bicuspid valve located
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Pericardial fluid
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

43. What are non-sterile procedures
Disease of the heart muscle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Done on the aerodigestive tract

44. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Chordae tendineae
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

45. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Generator and electrode
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

46. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Atria

47. What are the layers of the heart
Mechanical or biologic
Right atrium or venae cavae
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

48. What does the umbilical vein become
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Generator and electrode
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ductus venosus

49. what vessels are used for CPBG
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Generator and electrode
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

50. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Mitral valve
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Pericardial fluid