Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
72 bpm
Chordae tendineae
From the ascending aorta

2. When does development of the heart begin
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Mitral valve
Before the third week of gestation

3. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae

4. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Mitral valve
72 bpm
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

5. What does the umbilical vein become
The relaxation phase of the heart
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ductus venosus

6. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Atria

7. How many chambers in the heart
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
4
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

8. How many pulmonary veins are there
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
There are 4
72 bpm
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

9. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Chordae tendineae

10. What is the name for the upper chambers
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Atria
Chordae tendineae
Mitral valve

11. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Chordae tendineae
Generator and electrode

12. What is an atrial septal defect
The contraction phase of the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

13. What arteries supply the heart
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

14. What is coarctation of the aorta
From the ascending aorta
Generator and electrode
Localized narrowing of the aorta
72 bpm

15. What is pulmonary stenosis
Lower chambers - ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Atria
4

16. What is the bundle of his
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Chordae tendineae
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

17. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The contraction phase of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Right atrium or venae cavae

18. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
The contraction phase of the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae
Mitral valve
Atria

19. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Disease of the heart muscle
Ligamentum venosum
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

20. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
A single artery arising from both ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

21. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Generator and electrode
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Pericardial fluid

22. What is the most common chest deformity
Atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

23. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Right atrium or venae cavae
4

24. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Mechanical or biologic
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract

25. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Sternal notch
Mechanical or biologic
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

26. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
From the ascending aorta
A single artery arising from both ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart

27. which chambers receive blood from the veins
4
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
The relaxation phase of the heart
Upper chambers - atria

28. What is the name for the lower chambers
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

29. What is cardiomyopathy
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Disease of the heart muscle
72 bpm

30. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
72 bpm
Generator and electrode
4
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

31. What is the circulation through the heart
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
The relaxation phase of the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Atria

32. What is cardiac tamponade
The contraction phase of the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The relaxation phase of the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

33. What is a ventricular septal defect
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

34. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
Disease of the heart muscle
Chordae tendineae
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

35. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Mechanical or biologic
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

36. What is the rastelli procedure
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
The relaxation phase of the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

37. What is tricuspid atresia
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

38. What is diastole
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
72 bpm

39. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ductus venosus
Water

40. what vessels are used for CPBG
Pericardial fluid
72 bpm
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

41. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Atria
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

42. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
From the ascending aorta
Ligamentum venosum
Mechanical or biologic
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

43. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

44. What are the layers of the heart
Sternal notch
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ventricles

45. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Disease of the heart muscle
From the ascending aorta
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

46. What is the location of the heart
A single artery arising from both ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Localized narrowing of the aorta
The relaxation phase of the heart

47. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

48. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Upper chambers - atria
Sternal notch

49. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

50. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Mechanical or biologic