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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Mitral valve

2. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Right atrium or venae cavae
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

3. What is diastole
From the ascending aorta
Upper chambers - atria
The relaxation phase of the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

4. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

5. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

6. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

7. What is systole
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
From the ascending aorta
The contraction phase of the heart
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

8. What are cyanotic defects
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The contraction phase of the heart
There are 4

9. What arteries supply the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Upper chambers - atria
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

10. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

11. What is cardiomyopathy
The relaxation phase of the heart
Disease of the heart muscle
Chordae tendineae
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

12. What is the circulation through the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Generator and electrode
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

13. What is the name for the upper chambers
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ductus venosus
Atria
Lower chambers - ventricles

14. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Disease of the heart muscle
Before the third week of gestation
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

15. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ductus venosus
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

16. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

17. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Ligamentum venosum
Mechanical or biologic

18. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Generator and electrode
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

19. What are acyanotic defects
Ligamentum venosum
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

20. What is bradycardia
Pericardial fluid
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Before the third week of gestation

21. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
4
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

22. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
72 bpm
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

23. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Ligamentum venosum
Mitral valve
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

24. What is tricuspid atresia
4
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
The relaxation phase of the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

25. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Water
Mechanical or biologic
There are 4
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

26. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Atria
From the ascending aorta
Pericardial fluid

27. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mitral valve
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Mechanical or biologic

28. what vessels are used for CPBG
Disease of the heart muscle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
The contraction phase of the heart
Pericardial fluid

29. What is cardiac tamponade
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

30. what covers the heart
The contraction phase of the heart
Ductus venosus
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Mitral valve

31. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Mitral valve

32. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Lower chambers - ventricles
Generator and electrode

33. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Generator and electrode
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

34. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Atria
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

35. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Atria
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Mechanical or biologic
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

36. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Ductus venosus
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Right atrium or venae cavae

37. What is the rastelli procedure
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

38. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Before the third week of gestation
Water
A single artery arising from both ventricles

39. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Mechanical or biologic
4
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Upper chambers - atria

40. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Chordae tendineae
Mechanical or biologic

41. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae

42. What does the cardiac cycle include
Sternal notch
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
72 bpm
Mechanical or biologic

43. What is the location of the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Mechanical or biologic
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

44. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
From the ascending aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

45. How many chambers in the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
4

46. What is a ventricular septal defect
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Atria

47. What is the bundle of his
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Done on the aerodigestive tract

48. How many pulmonary veins are there
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
There are 4
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

49. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Right atrium or venae cavae

50. What are the layers of the heart
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Generator and electrode
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat