Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Upper chambers - atria

2. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Mitral valve
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Sternal notch

3. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Upper chambers - atria
Mitral valve
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

4. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

5. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ductus venosus

6. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Pericardial fluid
Water

7. What arteries supply the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

8. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Pericardial fluid

9. What is systole
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart
There are 4

10. What is the location of the heart
Ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Water
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

11. How many chambers in the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

12. What is the circulation through the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
The contraction phase of the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Mitral valve

13. What is diastole
Sternal notch
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ligamentum venosum
The relaxation phase of the heart

14. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Right atrium or venae cavae
Lower chambers - ventricles
Sternal notch
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

15. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Lower chambers - ventricles
Atria
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Upper chambers - atria

16. Where does the coronary artery arise
Atria
Upper chambers - atria
From the ascending aorta
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

17. What is the bundle of his
Mechanical or biologic
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Before the third week of gestation

18. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
The relaxation phase of the heart
Lower chambers - ventricles
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

19. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Generator and electrode
Pericardial fluid
Mitral valve

20. What does the umbilical vein become
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Chordae tendineae
Ductus venosus
Mechanical or biologic

21. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Water
Pericardial fluid
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

22. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Chordae tendineae

23. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart
Lower chambers - ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

24. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

25. What is a ventricular septal defect
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Done on the aerodigestive tract
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

26. What is bradycardia
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

27. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Sternal notch

28. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Pericardial fluid
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
72 bpm

29. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

30. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Water
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Sternal notch

31. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

32. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
From the ascending aorta
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

33. what covers the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

34. What is the rastelli procedure
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Generator and electrode
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

35. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Chordae tendineae
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

36. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Mitral valve
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

37. What is the name for the upper chambers
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Atria
There are 4

38. What is the name for the lower chambers
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The relaxation phase of the heart

39. When does development of the heart begin
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Before the third week of gestation
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

40. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

41. What is the most common chest deformity
Mitral valve
Disease of the heart muscle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Water

42. What is tricuspid atresia
72 bpm
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Pericardial fluid
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

43. What are acyanotic defects
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ductus venosus
72 bpm
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

44. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Generator and electrode
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

45. What is an atrial septal defect
Lower chambers - ventricles
Generator and electrode
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

46. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

47. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Atria
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

48. What does the cardiac cycle include
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Generator and electrode

49. What is pulmonary stenosis
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Chordae tendineae
Upper chambers - atria

50. What is cardiac tamponade
Upper chambers - atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium