Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Where does the coronary artery arise
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
From the ascending aorta

2. What are cyanotic defects
Pericardial fluid
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ligamentum venosum

3. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

4. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

5. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Mechanical or biologic
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

6. what covers the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Chordae tendineae
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

7. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
The contraction phase of the heart

8. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
Mechanical or biologic
The contraction phase of the heart
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

9. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
4
Atria

10. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Generator and electrode

11. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Water

12. What is the name for the upper chambers
Generator and electrode
Atria
4
Before the third week of gestation

13. What is diastole
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles
72 bpm
The relaxation phase of the heart

14. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

15. What is bradycardia
Ductus venosus
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

16. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
The relaxation phase of the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ductus venosus

17. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

18. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
72 bpm
Right atrium or venae cavae
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

19. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Sternal notch
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

20. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
Mitral valve
Disease of the heart muscle
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

21. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

22. What are the layers of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Mechanical or biologic
72 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

23. What are non-sterile procedures
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Done on the aerodigestive tract

24. How many pulmonary veins are there
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
The relaxation phase of the heart
Pericardial fluid
There are 4

25. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
The contraction phase of the heart
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Generator and electrode

26. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Done on the aerodigestive tract
4
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

27. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
From the ascending aorta
Chordae tendineae
Pericardial fluid
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

28. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
The relaxation phase of the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

29. What is pulmonary stenosis
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

30. What does the cardiac cycle include
Lower chambers - ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta

31. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Water
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ligamentum venosum
72 bpm

32. what solution is NOT used during CPB
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Pericardial fluid
Water
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

33. What is the location of the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Before the third week of gestation

34. What is the bundle of his
Water
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

35. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Mechanical or biologic

36. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Pericardial fluid
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

37. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

38. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

39. What is tricuspid atresia
Sternal notch
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

40. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Generator and electrode
The relaxation phase of the heart
Pericardial fluid
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

41. Where is the bicuspid valve located
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Chordae tendineae

42. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Localized narrowing of the aorta

43. What is the most common chest deformity
Ligamentum venosum
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
From the ascending aorta

44. What is coarctation of the aorta
Before the third week of gestation
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Localized narrowing of the aorta

45. What does the umbilical vein become
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ductus venosus
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

46. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Lower chambers - ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
4
72 bpm

47. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Done on the aerodigestive tract
From the ascending aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae

48. What is cardiomyopathy
The contraction phase of the heart
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Mitral valve
Disease of the heart muscle

49. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Mitral valve

50. How many chambers in the heart
4
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles