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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. what covers the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
From the ascending aorta
Sternal notch

2. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Disease of the heart muscle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Sternal notch
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

3. Where does the coronary artery arise
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
From the ascending aorta
The relaxation phase of the heart

4. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Before the third week of gestation

5. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Before the third week of gestation
The contraction phase of the heart

6. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Water

7. When does development of the heart begin
Mitral valve
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Before the third week of gestation
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

8. What is bradycardia
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Pericardial fluid

9. What is a ventricular septal defect
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Lower chambers - ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

10. What is tricuspid atresia
4
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ductus venosus

11. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Mechanical or biologic
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Generator and electrode

12. What is the rastelli procedure
Atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

13. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Upper chambers - atria
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
There are 4

14. What is cardiac tamponade
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Generator and electrode
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

15. How many chambers in the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Mechanical or biologic

16. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

17. What is the bundle of his
There are 4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

18. What is the circulation through the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Lower chambers - ventricles

19. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

20. What is the most common chest deformity
Ligamentum venosum
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Done on the aerodigestive tract

21. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ligamentum venosum
Sternal notch
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

22. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Sternal notch
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Water
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

23. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Generator and electrode
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

24. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
72 bpm
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

25. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
72 bpm
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

26. What is cardiomyopathy
Ligamentum venosum
Disease of the heart muscle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

27. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

28. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Mechanical or biologic
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

29. What is systole
Upper chambers - atria
The contraction phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

30. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Disease of the heart muscle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Done on the aerodigestive tract

31. What are the layers of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Sternal notch
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

32. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
72 bpm
Mitral valve
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Generator and electrode

33. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Lower chambers - ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ductus venosus

34. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
72 bpm
4
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

35. How many pulmonary veins are there
Atria
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
There are 4
Mitral valve

36. what vessels are used for CPBG
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

37. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The relaxation phase of the heart
Pericardial fluid

38. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
Sternal notch
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Done on the aerodigestive tract

39. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
4
Right atrium or venae cavae

40. What are non-sterile procedures
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Done on the aerodigestive tract
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

41. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ligamentum venosum
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

42. What are acyanotic defects
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

43. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
The contraction phase of the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ligamentum venosum

44. What is the name for the lower chambers
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

45. What is coarctation of the aorta
Sternal notch
Localized narrowing of the aorta
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

46. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
72 bpm
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

47. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Sternal notch
72 bpm
Ligamentum venosum
The contraction phase of the heart

48. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
A single artery arising from both ventricles
There are 4
Localized narrowing of the aorta

49. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ligamentum venosum
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

50. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Water
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Chordae tendineae
Generator and electrode