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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Water
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

2. which chambers receive blood from the veins
72 bpm
Disease of the heart muscle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Upper chambers - atria

3. What arteries supply the heart
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
There are 4

4. What are non-sterile procedures
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Done on the aerodigestive tract

5. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
The contraction phase of the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles

6. Where does the coronary artery arise
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
From the ascending aorta
Lower chambers - ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

7. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Disease of the heart muscle

8. What is systole
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
The contraction phase of the heart
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

9. What does the cardiac cycle include
Localized narrowing of the aorta
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

10. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
There are 4
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Water

11. How many chambers in the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
4
Generator and electrode
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

12. What is the rastelli procedure
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

13. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
72 bpm
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

14. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Sternal notch
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

15. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
The relaxation phase of the heart
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Before the third week of gestation

16. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

17. What does the umbilical vein become
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ductus venosus

18. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ligamentum venosum

19. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

20. What is coarctation of the aorta
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Water
Localized narrowing of the aorta

21. what vessels are used for CPBG
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

22. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
72 bpm
Generator and electrode
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid

23. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Lower chambers - ventricles
4
Done on the aerodigestive tract

24. What is the name for the lower chambers
From the ascending aorta
Ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Water

25. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Localized narrowing of the aorta
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

26. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Lower chambers - ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart
Mechanical or biologic
From the ascending aorta

27. What is cardiomyopathy
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle

28. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

29. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Upper chambers - atria
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

30. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Mechanical or biologic
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Water

31. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Before the third week of gestation
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Done on the aerodigestive tract

32. What is the location of the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Localized narrowing of the aorta

33. What is the bundle of his
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ligamentum venosum
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

34. what covers the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

35. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Lower chambers - ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Chordae tendineae

36. Where is the tricuspid valve located
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

37. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Before the third week of gestation
Pericardial fluid
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

38. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

39. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
There are 4
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

40. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Pericardial fluid
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

41. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
The contraction phase of the heart
Ductus venosus
Ligamentum venosum

42. What are cyanotic defects
Mechanical or biologic
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

43. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
There are 4

44. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Pericardial fluid

45. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Mechanical or biologic
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

46. What is bradycardia
4
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

47. What are the layers of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

48. What is an atrial septal defect
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

49. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Atria

50. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Chordae tendineae
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium