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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Water
Generator and electrode

2. Where does the coronary artery arise
A single artery arising from both ventricles
From the ascending aorta
Sternal notch
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

3. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Pericardial fluid
Lower chambers - ventricles

4. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Lower chambers - ventricles
4

5. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ductus venosus
72 bpm

6. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle

7. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Pericardial fluid
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ligamentum venosum

8. What is bradycardia
Atria
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

9. What is a ventricular septal defect
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
There are 4
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

10. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Water
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ventricles

11. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Generator and electrode
Atria
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

12. What is diastole
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
From the ascending aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
The relaxation phase of the heart

13. What arteries supply the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
72 bpm
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

14. When does development of the heart begin
The contraction phase of the heart
4
Before the third week of gestation
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

15. What are the layers of the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Right atrium or venae cavae
Mitral valve
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

16. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

17. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
72 bpm
Right atrium or venae cavae
Before the third week of gestation
Chordae tendineae

18. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ductus venosus
Upper chambers - atria
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

19. What is the name for the upper chambers
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Atria

20. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

21. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

22. What is the rastelli procedure
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Water
Atria
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

23. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Sternal notch

24. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
The relaxation phase of the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

25. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Chordae tendineae
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

26. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

27. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Atria
72 bpm
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

28. Where is the tricuspid valve located
There are 4
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Before the third week of gestation

29. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
The contraction phase of the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

30. What are cyanotic defects
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The contraction phase of the heart
Generator and electrode

31. What is the circulation through the heart
The relaxation phase of the heart
Pericardial fluid
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

32. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
There are 4
Disease of the heart muscle
A single artery arising from both ventricles

33. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Water

34. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Before the third week of gestation
From the ascending aorta
Ligamentum venosum
Sternal notch

35. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

36. What are non-sterile procedures
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Disease of the heart muscle
Ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract

37. What are acyanotic defects
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

38. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
The relaxation phase of the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

39. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
The contraction phase of the heart
Before the third week of gestation
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

40. What is cardiomyopathy
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Disease of the heart muscle
72 bpm

41. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Atria
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ductus venosus

42. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Ventricles
There are 4
Right atrium or venae cavae
From the ascending aorta

43. What does the umbilical vein become
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ductus venosus
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

44. What is coarctation of the aorta
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Localized narrowing of the aorta

45. Where is the bicuspid valve located
There are 4
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Sternal notch

46. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ductus venosus
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

47. What is the bundle of his
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
From the ascending aorta
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

48. What does the cardiac cycle include
Generator and electrode
The relaxation phase of the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

49. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Disease of the heart muscle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

50. What is an atrial septal defect
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria