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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Pericardial fluid
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ventricles

2. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
The contraction phase of the heart
Sternal notch
Upper chambers - atria

3. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ligamentum venosum
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

4. What is diastole
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Water
The relaxation phase of the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

5. What is the bundle of his
Water
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

6. What is pulmonary stenosis
Before the third week of gestation
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

7. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

8. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
72 bpm

9. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

10. What are cyanotic defects
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Right atrium or venae cavae
Localized narrowing of the aorta

11. What arteries supply the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ductus venosus

12. What is the most common chest deformity
72 bpm
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

13. What is systole
Sternal notch
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Pericardial fluid
The contraction phase of the heart

14. What is a ventricular septal defect
Water
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract

15. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Sternal notch

16. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Atria
Water
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

17. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

18. What are acyanotic defects
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

19. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Upper chambers - atria
Chordae tendineae

20. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
Atria
72 bpm
Upper chambers - atria

21. What are the layers of the heart
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

22. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Sternal notch
Chordae tendineae
Atria
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

23. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Water
Pericardial fluid

24. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
From the ascending aorta
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Generator and electrode

25. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
72 bpm
Ligamentum venosum

26. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Chordae tendineae
72 bpm

27. What does the umbilical vein become
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ductus venosus

28. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Upper chambers - atria

29. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Water

30. what covers the heart
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

31. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
From the ascending aorta
Ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Pericardial fluid

32. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Lower chambers - ventricles
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

33. What is the location of the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
From the ascending aorta
Ductus venosus

34. what vessels are used for CPBG
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

35. What is the name for the lower chambers
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Mitral valve
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ventricles

36. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ductus venosus
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

37. What is an atrial septal defect
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Water
Ventricles

38. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Mechanical or biologic

39. What is coarctation of the aorta
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Generator and electrode

40. What is the name for the upper chambers
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Atria
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle

41. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

42. What is cardiomyopathy
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Disease of the heart muscle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ligamentum venosum

43. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Before the third week of gestation

44. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Mitral valve
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

45. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

46. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
72 bpm
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
The relaxation phase of the heart

47. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Ligamentum venosum
Upper chambers - atria
Disease of the heart muscle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

48. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Localized narrowing of the aorta
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

49. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles

50. What does the cardiac cycle include
Mitral valve
Chordae tendineae
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

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Cardiac Surgery

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