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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Pericardial fluid
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

2. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Pericardial fluid
Generator and electrode
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

3. What does the umbilical vein become
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ductus venosus

4. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Mitral valve
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

5. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Pericardial fluid
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

6. What are the layers of the heart
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

7. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
Mechanical or biologic
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

8. What is cardiac tamponade
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Atria
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

9. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

10. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Ligamentum venosum
72 bpm
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae

11. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ligamentum venosum
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

12. What does the cardiac cycle include
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Lower chambers - ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

13. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ventricles

14. What is systole
Localized narrowing of the aorta
The contraction phase of the heart
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

15. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Mechanical or biologic
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ductus venosus

16. What is a ventricular septal defect
A single artery arising from both ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

17. What is an atrial septal defect
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Right atrium or venae cavae
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

18. What are non-sterile procedures
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
There are 4
Done on the aerodigestive tract

19. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
72 bpm
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

20. what covers the heart
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Sternal notch
There are 4

21. What arteries supply the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ductus venosus

22. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Mechanical or biologic
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Lower chambers - ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

23. How many chambers in the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
4
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

24. What is pulmonary stenosis
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
Water

25. What are acyanotic defects
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Disease of the heart muscle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
A single artery arising from both ventricles

26. What is the circulation through the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Disease of the heart muscle

27. What are cyanotic defects
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ligamentum venosum
Atria

28. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Mitral valve
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

29. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Sternal notch
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ligamentum venosum

30. What is the location of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Pericardial fluid
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Before the third week of gestation

31. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
Disease of the heart muscle
Mitral valve
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

32. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Pericardial fluid
Atria
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

33. what vessels are used for CPBG
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
The relaxation phase of the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

34. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Mechanical or biologic
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

35. What is coarctation of the aorta
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

36. What is cardiomyopathy
72 bpm
Disease of the heart muscle
Ligamentum venosum
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

37. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles

38. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ligamentum venosum
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

39. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Upper chambers - atria
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ligamentum venosum

40. What is bradycardia
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Atria
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

41. What is diastole
Water
The contraction phase of the heart
The relaxation phase of the heart
Sternal notch

42. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
Upper chambers - atria
72 bpm
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

43. What is tricuspid atresia
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

44. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Disease of the heart muscle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

45. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Chordae tendineae
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

46. What is the name for the upper chambers
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Atria
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Disease of the heart muscle

47. When does development of the heart begin
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Before the third week of gestation
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

48. What is the rastelli procedure
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Before the third week of gestation
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
There are 4

49. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

50. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Mitral valve
The relaxation phase of the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age