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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is an atrial septal defect
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

2. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Mitral valve
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

3. What are the layers of the heart
Before the third week of gestation
Generator and electrode
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

4. What does the cardiac cycle include
Mitral valve
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

5. What is cardiac tamponade
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles

6. what vessels are used for CPBG
Generator and electrode
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Sternal notch
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

7. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
Localized narrowing of the aorta
There are 4
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

8. What is the name for the lower chambers
Disease of the heart muscle
Ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta
From the ascending aorta

9. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Lower chambers - ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

10. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Before the third week of gestation
Mitral valve
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

11. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

12. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Pericardial fluid
4
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

13. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Generator and electrode

14. Where is the tricuspid valve located
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ductus venosus

15. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
There are 4
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

16. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Mechanical or biologic

17. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Generator and electrode
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Pericardial fluid

18. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Before the third week of gestation

19. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

20. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Upper chambers - atria
Water
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

21. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
72 bpm
Mitral valve
Upper chambers - atria

22. What is systole
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
The contraction phase of the heart

23. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

24. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

25. What are acyanotic defects
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Sternal notch
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

26. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Chordae tendineae

27. What is the rastelli procedure
Upper chambers - atria
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

28. What is coarctation of the aorta
Atria
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

29. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Water
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Mitral valve
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

30. What arteries supply the heart
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

31. Where does the coronary artery arise
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Mechanical or biologic
From the ascending aorta
Sternal notch

32. What does the umbilical vein become
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ductus venosus
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

33. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Chordae tendineae
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

34. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

35. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Disease of the heart muscle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Upper chambers - atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

36. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
There are 4
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

37. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Generator and electrode
Ductus venosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles

38. How many chambers in the heart
Pericardial fluid
4
The relaxation phase of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

39. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
The relaxation phase of the heart
The contraction phase of the heart

40. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Water

41. When does development of the heart begin
Ductus venosus
Before the third week of gestation
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

42. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
72 bpm
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

43. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Generator and electrode
A single artery arising from both ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

44. How many pulmonary veins are there
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
4
Right atrium or venae cavae
There are 4

45. What is the bundle of his
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
There are 4
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

46. What are non-sterile procedures
Mitral valve
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Done on the aerodigestive tract

47. What is bradycardia
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Done on the aerodigestive tract
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

48. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

49. What is the name for the upper chambers
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Atria
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

50. What is cardiomyopathy
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Disease of the heart muscle
There are 4