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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. what vessels are used for CPBG
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
4
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

2. How many pulmonary veins are there
Atria
There are 4
Chordae tendineae
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

3. What does the umbilical vein become
Mechanical or biologic
Ductus venosus
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Sternal notch

4. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Right atrium or venae cavae
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

5. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
The relaxation phase of the heart
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Disease of the heart muscle

6. How many chambers in the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
4
Right atrium or venae cavae
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

7. When does development of the heart begin
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
4
Before the third week of gestation
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

8. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Sternal notch
Before the third week of gestation
Generator and electrode

9. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

10. What is pulmonary stenosis
Lower chambers - ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Mechanical or biologic
The contraction phase of the heart

11. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Water
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Sternal notch
Pericardial fluid

12. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Disease of the heart muscle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Water

13. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
There are 4
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles

14. What are non-sterile procedures
Chordae tendineae
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
There are 4
Done on the aerodigestive tract

15. What is the location of the heart
Mitral valve
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

16. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

17. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Mitral valve
Atria
72 bpm
Chordae tendineae

18. What is the name for the lower chambers
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Mechanical or biologic

19. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
The contraction phase of the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

20. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

21. What does the cardiac cycle include
4
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

22. What is the bundle of his
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

23. What is the name for the upper chambers
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Atria
Right atrium or venae cavae
Done on the aerodigestive tract

24. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Upper chambers - atria
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

25. What arteries supply the heart
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Chordae tendineae
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

26. Where does the coronary artery arise
4
From the ascending aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Mechanical or biologic

27. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
From the ascending aorta
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

28. What is the rastelli procedure
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

29. What is cardiac tamponade
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ligamentum venosum
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

30. What are acyanotic defects
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

31. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ventricles

32. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
72 bpm
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ligamentum venosum

33. which chambers receive blood from the veins
The relaxation phase of the heart
Water
Upper chambers - atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

34. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

35. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Mitral valve
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

36. What are cyanotic defects
The relaxation phase of the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

37. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

38. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ductus venosus
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ligamentum venosum

39. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Mitral valve
Ligamentum venosum
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

40. what covers the heart
The relaxation phase of the heart
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Water

41. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
4

42. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Mechanical or biologic
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

43. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
There are 4
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Mechanical or biologic

44. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Disease of the heart muscle
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Before the third week of gestation

45. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Generator and electrode
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

46. What is cardiomyopathy
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Sternal notch
Disease of the heart muscle
Mitral valve

47. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

48. What are the layers of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Mechanical or biologic

49. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Pericardial fluid
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

50. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Water