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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the rastelli procedure
A single artery arising from both ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

2. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
The relaxation phase of the heart
Disease of the heart muscle

3. What is an atrial septal defect
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

4. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
Chordae tendineae
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

5. What is pulmonary stenosis
Mechanical or biologic
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

6. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Pericardial fluid

7. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
72 bpm
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

8. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Mechanical or biologic
Before the third week of gestation

9. what covers the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Chordae tendineae
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Before the third week of gestation

10. How many pulmonary veins are there
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
There are 4
The relaxation phase of the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

11. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
There are 4
Generator and electrode
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Pericardial fluid

12. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

13. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Water

14. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Before the third week of gestation
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Upper chambers - atria

15. What is cardiomyopathy
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Disease of the heart muscle

16. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Before the third week of gestation
72 bpm
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Mechanical or biologic

17. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

18. What does the umbilical vein become
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ductus venosus
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

19. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

20. What are non-sterile procedures
Mitral valve
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Water
Done on the aerodigestive tract

21. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
72 bpm
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

22. what vessels are used for CPBG
Right atrium or venae cavae
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

23. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
4
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Chordae tendineae

24. What are the layers of the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

25. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Mitral valve
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

26. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Water
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

27. What is bradycardia
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

28. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
Sternal notch
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae

29. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Mitral valve
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricles
Ligamentum venosum

30. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Pericardial fluid
Atria
Chordae tendineae

31. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ligamentum venosum
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Generator and electrode

32. What is tricuspid atresia
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
The contraction phase of the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

33. What is systole
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
There are 4
The contraction phase of the heart

34. What is a ventricular septal defect
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

35. How many chambers in the heart
4
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

36. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
4
Upper chambers - atria

37. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Sternal notch
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

38. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
72 bpm
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

39. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Right atrium or venae cavae
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

40. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Water
72 bpm
Upper chambers - atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

41. What is the circulation through the heart
The contraction phase of the heart
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Mechanical or biologic

42. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Lower chambers - ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

43. What is the most common chest deformity
Disease of the heart muscle
Generator and electrode
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

44. When does development of the heart begin
Right atrium or venae cavae
Before the third week of gestation
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Localized narrowing of the aorta

45. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Upper chambers - atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

46. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

47. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Chordae tendineae

48. what solution is NOT used during CPB
The relaxation phase of the heart
Pericardial fluid
Water
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

49. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract

50. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Chordae tendineae
Ductus venosus
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis