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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is an atrial septal defect
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Water
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

2. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Ductus venosus
Ligamentum venosum
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

3. What are the layers of the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
There are 4
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

4. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

5. what solution is NOT used during CPB
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Water
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

6. What does the umbilical vein become
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ductus venosus
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

7. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
72 bpm
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

8. What arteries supply the heart
Sternal notch
Ligamentum venosum
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles

9. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Sternal notch
Mechanical or biologic
Ventricles

10. When does development of the heart begin
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Before the third week of gestation
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

11. What is bradycardia
Ligamentum venosum
The relaxation phase of the heart
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

12. Where does the coronary artery arise
Disease of the heart muscle
From the ascending aorta
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

13. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
From the ascending aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

14. What are non-sterile procedures
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
Done on the aerodigestive tract

15. What is the circulation through the heart
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

16. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

17. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Before the third week of gestation
4
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

18. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
The contraction phase of the heart
Ligamentum venosum
Mechanical or biologic
Ventricles

19. What are acyanotic defects
Sternal notch
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

20. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Atria
From the ascending aorta

21. what vessels are used for CPBG
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

22. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
72 bpm
Sternal notch

23. What is the most common chest deformity
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

24. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

25. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Sternal notch
From the ascending aorta
A single artery arising from both ventricles

26. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Chordae tendineae
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

27. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Mitral valve
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae

28. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract
4
Disease of the heart muscle

29. What is systole
From the ascending aorta
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
The contraction phase of the heart

30. What is the location of the heart
Atria
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Right atrium or venae cavae
Before the third week of gestation

31. What is tricuspid atresia
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Mitral valve

32. What is cardiomyopathy
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Disease of the heart muscle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

33. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
From the ascending aorta
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
There are 4
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

34. What does the cardiac cycle include
Right atrium or venae cavae
The contraction phase of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

35. What is cardiac tamponade
There are 4
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ductus venosus

36. How many pulmonary veins are there
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ductus venosus
There are 4
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

37. What is a ventricular septal defect
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart

38. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
72 bpm
Generator and electrode
The contraction phase of the heart

39. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Ventricles
Mitral valve
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

40. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Right atrium or venae cavae
Disease of the heart muscle

41. What is the rastelli procedure
Water
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
The relaxation phase of the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

42. What are cyanotic defects
4
The relaxation phase of the heart
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Lower chambers - ventricles

43. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Upper chambers - atria

44. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Before the third week of gestation
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles

45. What is the name for the upper chambers
Right atrium or venae cavae
From the ascending aorta
Atria
Upper chambers - atria

46. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Upper chambers - atria

47. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
72 bpm
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

48. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Sternal notch
Upper chambers - atria
The contraction phase of the heart
Mechanical or biologic

49. What is coarctation of the aorta
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
72 bpm
Disease of the heart muscle
Localized narrowing of the aorta

50. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
72 bpm
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
The contraction phase of the heart