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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Ligamentum venosum
Atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Sternal notch

2. which chambers receive blood from the veins
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Upper chambers - atria
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ligamentum venosum

3. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
Ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

4. How many pulmonary veins are there
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
There are 4

5. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
From the ascending aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

6. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Water
Ductus venosus
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Mechanical or biologic

7. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles

8. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Chordae tendineae
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

9. What is the bundle of his
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Mitral valve
72 bpm

10. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Mitral valve
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Mechanical or biologic
Right atrium or venae cavae

11. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Mechanical or biologic
Mitral valve
Upper chambers - atria

12. What is the location of the heart
Chordae tendineae
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Before the third week of gestation
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

13. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Mechanical or biologic
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

14. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The relaxation phase of the heart
Before the third week of gestation
A single artery arising from both ventricles

15. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae

16. What is diastole
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
Atria
Before the third week of gestation

17. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

18. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
72 bpm
Mitral valve
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

19. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Upper chambers - atria
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Right atrium or venae cavae

20. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
There are 4
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Pericardial fluid

21. When does development of the heart begin
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Before the third week of gestation
Atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

22. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Mechanical or biologic
4

23. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

24. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Right atrium or venae cavae
Before the third week of gestation
Mitral valve

25. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

26. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
The contraction phase of the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Pericardial fluid

27. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

28. What is a ventricular septal defect
Localized narrowing of the aorta
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

29. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Water
Disease of the heart muscle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

30. What arteries supply the heart
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

31. What is the most common chest deformity
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Upper chambers - atria
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

32. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Pericardial fluid
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

33. What does the umbilical vein become
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ductus venosus
Mechanical or biologic

34. What is cardiomyopathy
72 bpm
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Disease of the heart muscle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

35. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Mechanical or biologic
Water

36. What is systole
From the ascending aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae
Mitral valve
The contraction phase of the heart

37. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

38. What is the name for the upper chambers
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Atria
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Lower chambers - ventricles

39. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
Chordae tendineae
The relaxation phase of the heart
Localized narrowing of the aorta

40. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ligamentum venosum
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The relaxation phase of the heart

41. What are cyanotic defects
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract

42. what covers the heart
4
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Sternal notch
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

43. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Sternal notch
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Chordae tendineae
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

44. What are the layers of the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Before the third week of gestation

45. How many chambers in the heart
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Pericardial fluid
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
4

46. Where is the bicuspid valve located
4
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

47. What is cardiac tamponade
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
72 bpm
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

48. What is the name for the lower chambers
Disease of the heart muscle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

49. what vessels are used for CPBG
The contraction phase of the heart
4
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

50. What is coarctation of the aorta
Chordae tendineae
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Lower chambers - ventricles
4