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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ventricles

2. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Upper chambers - atria
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

3. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
There are 4
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

4. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
The contraction phase of the heart
Ligamentum venosum

5. What arteries supply the heart
Ductus venosus
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Sternal notch

6. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

7. What is the most common chest deformity
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
Ductus venosus
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

8. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Water
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

9. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Atria
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ligamentum venosum

10. What are acyanotic defects
Lower chambers - ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

11. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Pericardial fluid
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

12. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ligamentum venosum
Mechanical or biologic
Water

13. What is cardiomyopathy
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Atria
Disease of the heart muscle
Sternal notch

14. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Right atrium or venae cavae
Lower chambers - ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

15. What is pulmonary stenosis
Right atrium or venae cavae
Before the third week of gestation
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

16. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

17. When does development of the heart begin
Ductus venosus
The relaxation phase of the heart
Before the third week of gestation
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

18. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

19. What is coarctation of the aorta
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
From the ascending aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ligamentum venosum

20. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Pericardial fluid
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Before the third week of gestation

21. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

22. What is cardiac tamponade
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
4
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

23. What is an atrial septal defect
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

24. What are cyanotic defects
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ligamentum venosum
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

25. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
There are 4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Sternal notch

26. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Chordae tendineae
Mitral valve

27. What is a ventricular septal defect
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Water
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

28. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Ductus venosus
Sternal notch
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

29. What are non-sterile procedures
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Disease of the heart muscle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

30. What is the name for the lower chambers
Mitral valve
Ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ductus venosus

31. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

32. What is the bundle of his
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

33. what vessels are used for CPBG
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
72 bpm

34. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Chordae tendineae

35. How many chambers in the heart
4
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart

36. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Lower chambers - ventricles
72 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

37. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
From the ascending aorta
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

38. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
From the ascending aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

39. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
Mitral valve
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

40. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Mitral valve
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

41. What are the layers of the heart
A single artery arising from both ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

42. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
There are 4
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

43. What is diastole
Localized narrowing of the aorta
The contraction phase of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
The relaxation phase of the heart

44. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

45. What is the rastelli procedure
Localized narrowing of the aorta
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Mitral valve
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

46. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Before the third week of gestation
Sternal notch
Upper chambers - atria

47. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

48. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Lower chambers - ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

49. What does the cardiac cycle include
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Pericardial fluid

50. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
Generator and electrode
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest