Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Mechanical or biologic
A single artery arising from both ventricles

2. What is the location of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle
Sternal notch
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

3. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ductus venosus
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

4. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Upper chambers - atria
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Water
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

5. What is systole
From the ascending aorta
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The contraction phase of the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

6. What is cardiomyopathy
Lower chambers - ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart

7. What is the rastelli procedure
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
4
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

8. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
The contraction phase of the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Pericardial fluid
Mechanical or biologic

9. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Mechanical or biologic

10. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
The relaxation phase of the heart
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Generator and electrode
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

11. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
4
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

12. What are cyanotic defects
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Disease of the heart muscle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

13. What is a ventricular septal defect
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

14. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

15. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Sternal notch
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

16. How many chambers in the heart
4
From the ascending aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

17. What is coarctation of the aorta
Lower chambers - ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

18. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
72 bpm
Upper chambers - atria
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

19. What is cardiac tamponade
Before the third week of gestation
Atria
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

20. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ventricles

21. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

22. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
Ventricles

23. How many pulmonary veins are there
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
There are 4

24. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Chordae tendineae
From the ascending aorta

25. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

26. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

27. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ligamentum venosum

28. What is the circulation through the heart
Ductus venosus
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles

29. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Before the third week of gestation

30. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
Water

31. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

32. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Mechanical or biologic
There are 4
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

33. What are acyanotic defects
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Water
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

34. what covers the heart
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
4

35. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
4
Ligamentum venosum
Before the third week of gestation
The relaxation phase of the heart

36. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
Sternal notch
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

37. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Lower chambers - ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

38. What is the most common chest deformity
72 bpm
Upper chambers - atria
Sternal notch
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

39. Where does the coronary artery arise
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
From the ascending aorta
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

40. What is the bundle of his
Mechanical or biologic
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Right atrium or venae cavae

41. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Mitral valve

42. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The contraction phase of the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

43. what vessels are used for CPBG
Lower chambers - ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Disease of the heart muscle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

44. What arteries supply the heart
4
Pericardial fluid
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Upper chambers - atria

45. What is pulmonary stenosis
Water
There are 4
Chordae tendineae
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

46. What is tricuspid atresia
There are 4
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
A single artery arising from both ventricles

47. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ventricles
Ligamentum venosum

48. What does the cardiac cycle include
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Pericardial fluid
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

49. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Disease of the heart muscle
Ventricles

50. What is diastole
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The relaxation phase of the heart
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus