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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
The contraction phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

2. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ligamentum venosum
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

3. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
From the ascending aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

4. What is cardiac tamponade
Mechanical or biologic
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

5. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The relaxation phase of the heart
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

6. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Disease of the heart muscle
Mechanical or biologic

7. When does development of the heart begin
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Before the third week of gestation
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

8. Where does the coronary artery arise
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
From the ascending aorta
The relaxation phase of the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

9. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Sternal notch
Ligamentum venosum

10. What is the name for the lower chambers
Disease of the heart muscle
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ventricles

11. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Upper chambers - atria
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Done on the aerodigestive tract

12. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Before the third week of gestation
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

13. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The relaxation phase of the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

14. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
4
Before the third week of gestation

15. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Ligamentum venosum
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract

16. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
Ligamentum venosum
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
The contraction phase of the heart

17. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ventricles
Sternal notch
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

18. What is the location of the heart
Localized narrowing of the aorta
From the ascending aorta
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Lower chambers - ventricles

19. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
There are 4
Before the third week of gestation
The relaxation phase of the heart

20. What is the circulation through the heart
Generator and electrode
Water
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

21. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

22. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Ligamentum venosum
Mitral valve
The relaxation phase of the heart
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

23. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Ductus venosus
Pericardial fluid
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

24. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Lower chambers - ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

25. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
72 bpm
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Atria

26. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Upper chambers - atria
Before the third week of gestation
A single artery arising from both ventricles

27. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

28. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ductus venosus
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

29. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Right atrium or venae cavae
Generator and electrode
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

30. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

31. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Sternal notch
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

32. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Ventricles
Upper chambers - atria
Disease of the heart muscle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

33. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Water
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Chordae tendineae

34. What does the cardiac cycle include
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

35. What are non-sterile procedures
Before the third week of gestation
The contraction phase of the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

36. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Chordae tendineae
Ligamentum venosum

37. What is a ventricular septal defect
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

38. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ligamentum venosum
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

39. what covers the heart
Ligamentum venosum
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
From the ascending aorta
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

40. what vessels are used for CPBG
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

41. How many chambers in the heart
4
A single artery arising from both ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Right atrium or venae cavae

42. What is diastole
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Generator and electrode
The relaxation phase of the heart
From the ascending aorta

43. What are the layers of the heart
Upper chambers - atria
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Before the third week of gestation
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

44. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
The relaxation phase of the heart
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

45. What is the bundle of his
Disease of the heart muscle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

46. What is pulmonary stenosis
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles

47. What is tricuspid atresia
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Generator and electrode
Sternal notch
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

48. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

49. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Generator and electrode
Lower chambers - ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Water

50. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Localized narrowing of the aorta