Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

2. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
The contraction phase of the heart

3. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
From the ascending aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

4. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Ductus venosus
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Right atrium or venae cavae
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

5. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
There are 4
Chordae tendineae
Generator and electrode
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

6. What are acyanotic defects
72 bpm
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

7. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The relaxation phase of the heart

8. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Sternal notch
Mitral valve

9. what vessels are used for CPBG
Chordae tendineae
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ligamentum venosum
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

10. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
The relaxation phase of the heart
There are 4
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
72 bpm

11. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Generator and electrode
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

12. What does the cardiac cycle include
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
From the ascending aorta

13. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

14. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
The relaxation phase of the heart
Mechanical or biologic
Generator and electrode
Pericardial fluid

15. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Generator and electrode
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

16. What are the layers of the heart
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Pericardial fluid

17. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

18. What are non-sterile procedures
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
There are 4
Done on the aerodigestive tract

19. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
The contraction phase of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Done on the aerodigestive tract

20. What is cardiomyopathy
Pericardial fluid
Sternal notch
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Disease of the heart muscle

21. what covers the heart
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Water
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

22. What is systole
Chordae tendineae
Upper chambers - atria
The contraction phase of the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

23. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Before the third week of gestation
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

24. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
The relaxation phase of the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Mitral valve
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

25. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

26. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Mitral valve
Chordae tendineae
There are 4
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

27. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Before the third week of gestation
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Pericardial fluid
A single artery arising from both ventricles

28. What are cyanotic defects
Mitral valve
Lower chambers - ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

29. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
There are 4

30. What arteries supply the heart
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

31. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

32. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
72 bpm
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

33. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
4
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

34. What is an atrial septal defect
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

35. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Generator and electrode

36. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Generator and electrode
Upper chambers - atria
Sternal notch

37. What is coarctation of the aorta
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Mechanical or biologic
Before the third week of gestation

38. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Pericardial fluid
Upper chambers - atria

39. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Mechanical or biologic
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

40. What is the rastelli procedure
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

41. How many chambers in the heart
Atria
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
4

42. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ligamentum venosum
Ventricles

43. When does development of the heart begin
Atria
Before the third week of gestation
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

44. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
4
72 bpm

45. What is cardiac tamponade
Mechanical or biologic
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Sternal notch

46. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
The contraction phase of the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

47. What is diastole
The contraction phase of the heart
The relaxation phase of the heart
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Atria

48. What is the name for the upper chambers
Ventricles
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

49. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
72 bpm
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

50. What is tricuspid atresia
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The relaxation phase of the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat