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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

2. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Before the third week of gestation
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

3. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Mitral valve
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

4. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
The contraction phase of the heart
Sternal notch
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Pericardial fluid

5. What is coarctation of the aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

6. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
4
Pericardial fluid
Right atrium or venae cavae

7. What is the name for the lower chambers
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricles

8. what covers the heart
Mitral valve
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Water
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

9. What are non-sterile procedures
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract

10. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Ductus venosus
Chordae tendineae
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

11. What is the location of the heart
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

12. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Sternal notch
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

13. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Water

14. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Sternal notch
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

15. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Chordae tendineae
4
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

16. What is pulmonary stenosis
Before the third week of gestation
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ligamentum venosum

17. What arteries supply the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Right atrium or venae cavae
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

18. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
The contraction phase of the heart

19. How many chambers in the heart
72 bpm
Atria
4
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

20. what vessels are used for CPBG
Ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Before the third week of gestation

21. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

22. When does development of the heart begin
Ligamentum venosum
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
4
Before the third week of gestation

23. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ligamentum venosum
72 bpm

24. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
72 bpm
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Localized narrowing of the aorta

25. What does the cardiac cycle include
Ductus venosus
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

26. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

27. What are cyanotic defects
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Right atrium or venae cavae
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

28. What is diastole
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Water
The relaxation phase of the heart
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

29. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
The contraction phase of the heart

30. What is systole
Right atrium or venae cavae
The contraction phase of the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

31. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
Upper chambers - atria
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Sternal notch

32. What is the bundle of his
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Upper chambers - atria
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

33. which chambers receive blood from the veins
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Upper chambers - atria

34. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Mitral valve
4

35. Where does the coronary artery arise
Sternal notch
Chordae tendineae
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
From the ascending aorta

36. what solution is NOT used during CPB
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Water
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

37. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ligamentum venosum
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

38. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The contraction phase of the heart
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

39. What is cardiomyopathy
Ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Disease of the heart muscle

40. What is the rastelli procedure
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
The contraction phase of the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

41. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ligamentum venosum
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
72 bpm

42. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
The contraction phase of the heart
Sternal notch
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

43. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

44. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ligamentum venosum
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

45. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
There are 4

46. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Water
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

47. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Mechanical or biologic

48. What is the name for the upper chambers
72 bpm
Atria
Pericardial fluid
A single artery arising from both ventricles

49. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Ligamentum venosum
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart

50. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Chordae tendineae
The relaxation phase of the heart
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle