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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Mechanical or biologic
Upper chambers - atria

2. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Upper chambers - atria
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Disease of the heart muscle
A single artery arising from both ventricles

3. What is cardiac tamponade
Upper chambers - atria
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
72 bpm
There are 4

4. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
From the ascending aorta
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

5. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
A single artery arising from both ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
72 bpm

6. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ductus venosus

7. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
There are 4
Ductus venosus
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

8. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

9. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ligamentum venosum

10. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Sternal notch
Lower chambers - ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae

11. What is coarctation of the aorta
Ligamentum venosum
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

12. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
Generator and electrode
There are 4
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

13. What is the name for the upper chambers
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Atria
The contraction phase of the heart

14. what vessels are used for CPBG
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Sternal notch
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

15. What is a ventricular septal defect
Chordae tendineae
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

16. What is the name for the lower chambers
Mechanical or biologic
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ventricles

17. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Chordae tendineae
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

18. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Before the third week of gestation
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ligamentum venosum
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

19. What is tricuspid atresia
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

20. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

21. What is the circulation through the heart
Upper chambers - atria
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
72 bpm

22. What is an atrial septal defect
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
4
Right atrium or venae cavae

23. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Sternal notch
Ligamentum venosum
Before the third week of gestation

24. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Ligamentum venosum
Lower chambers - ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart

25. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
72 bpm

26. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
The relaxation phase of the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Pericardial fluid

27. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Before the third week of gestation

28. Where is the tricuspid valve located
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Disease of the heart muscle
The relaxation phase of the heart
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

29. Where does the coronary artery arise
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
4
From the ascending aorta

30. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Water
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

31. What are non-sterile procedures
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Sternal notch
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Done on the aerodigestive tract

32. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Pericardial fluid
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Upper chambers - atria

33. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Generator and electrode
Mechanical or biologic
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

34. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Disease of the heart muscle
Right atrium or venae cavae
From the ascending aorta

35. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Mitral valve
Ligamentum venosum
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

36. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
72 bpm

37. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Upper chambers - atria
Water

38. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Atria
Generator and electrode
Mechanical or biologic
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

39. What arteries supply the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
There are 4
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Sternal notch

40. When does development of the heart begin
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Before the third week of gestation
Right atrium or venae cavae
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

41. What is cardiomyopathy
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Disease of the heart muscle

42. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ductus venosus
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

43. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Mechanical or biologic
Chordae tendineae
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

44. What is the rastelli procedure
Upper chambers - atria
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

45. How many chambers in the heart
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Before the third week of gestation
4
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

46. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Water
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

47. What is the bundle of his
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract

48. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ventricles
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

49. What are acyanotic defects
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

50. what covers the heart
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium