Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

2. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
72 bpm
Generator and electrode
4

3. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Mechanical or biologic
The contraction phase of the heart
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

4. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Atria

5. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Before the third week of gestation
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

6. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

7. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
A single artery arising from both ventricles

8. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Atria
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Pericardial fluid

9. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

10. What is the name for the lower chambers
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ventricles

11. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Before the third week of gestation
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

12. How many chambers in the heart
Pericardial fluid
Chordae tendineae
4
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

13. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles

14. What arteries supply the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
There are 4
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

15. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
From the ascending aorta
Ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

16. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Sternal notch

17. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
The relaxation phase of the heart
Pericardial fluid
Right atrium or venae cavae

18. What is coarctation of the aorta
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Localized narrowing of the aorta
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
The relaxation phase of the heart

19. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
The contraction phase of the heart
Mitral valve
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

20. What is diastole
A single artery arising from both ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

21. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ductus venosus
Mitral valve
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

22. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Before the third week of gestation
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
The contraction phase of the heart

23. What is an atrial septal defect
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

24. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Water
Lower chambers - ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

25. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
72 bpm
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

26. What is the bundle of his
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

27. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Upper chambers - atria

28. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Right atrium or venae cavae
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

29. What is the rastelli procedure
Lower chambers - ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Disease of the heart muscle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

30. What are the layers of the heart
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
The contraction phase of the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

31. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
4
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Sternal notch

32. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
The contraction phase of the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
There are 4

33. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Mechanical or biologic
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
4

34. What is the most common chest deformity
Ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Sternal notch
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

35. When does development of the heart begin
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Before the third week of gestation
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

36. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Ventricles
72 bpm
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Atria

37. What are acyanotic defects
Ligamentum venosum
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
A single artery arising from both ventricles
There are 4

38. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Right atrium or venae cavae
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

39. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Generator and electrode
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

40. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Pericardial fluid
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

41. What is bradycardia
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

42. What is cardiomyopathy
Atria
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle

43. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
72 bpm
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

44. What are non-sterile procedures
72 bpm
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Done on the aerodigestive tract

45. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
There are 4
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

46. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Water

47. What are cyanotic defects
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Upper chambers - atria
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

48. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Mitral valve

49. What is systole
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Before the third week of gestation

50. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
72 bpm
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Pericardial fluid