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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is systole
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
A single artery arising from both ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart
Chordae tendineae

2. How many chambers in the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
4

3. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

4. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
72 bpm
Sternal notch
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

5. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles

6. what covers the heart
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

7. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Sternal notch

8. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Water

9. What are the layers of the heart
4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

10. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Disease of the heart muscle

11. What does the cardiac cycle include
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ductus venosus
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

12. What is coarctation of the aorta
Mitral valve
Ligamentum venosum
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta

13. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
72 bpm
Localized narrowing of the aorta

14. What are acyanotic defects
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

15. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
The relaxation phase of the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The contraction phase of the heart

16. what vessels are used for CPBG
Ductus venosus
From the ascending aorta
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ventricles

17. What are cyanotic defects
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

18. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
The contraction phase of the heart
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Generator and electrode
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

19. What is a ventricular septal defect
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

20. What is the circulation through the heart
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Generator and electrode
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Sternal notch

21. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Upper chambers - atria
Generator and electrode
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

22. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Water
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
72 bpm

23. what solution is NOT used during CPB
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Water
Sternal notch
A single artery arising from both ventricles

24. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

25. What is diastole
Before the third week of gestation
The relaxation phase of the heart
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

26. What is pulmonary stenosis
Chordae tendineae
Ligamentum venosum
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Water

27. What is an atrial septal defect
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

28. What are non-sterile procedures
Right atrium or venae cavae
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

29. When does development of the heart begin
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Before the third week of gestation

30. What is tricuspid atresia
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Pericardial fluid

31. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

32. What is the rastelli procedure
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

33. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Water
Ligamentum venosum
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

34. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Mitral valve
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

35. What is cardiomyopathy
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Disease of the heart muscle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

36. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

37. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
Generator and electrode
From the ascending aorta
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

38. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

39. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
The relaxation phase of the heart
Pericardial fluid
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

40. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Disease of the heart muscle
Localized narrowing of the aorta

41. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
The relaxation phase of the heart

42. What is cardiac tamponade
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

43. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
The relaxation phase of the heart
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

44. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
There are 4
Water
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Mitral valve

45. What is the most common chest deformity
Sternal notch
Upper chambers - atria
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

46. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
Ligamentum venosum
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ductus venosus

47. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ligamentum venosum
There are 4
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

48. What arteries supply the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae
Mitral valve
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
There are 4

49. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Ductus venosus
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

50. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Atria
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium