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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is pulmonary stenosis
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Generator and electrode
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

2. What is the name for the upper chambers
The contraction phase of the heart
Atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Pericardial fluid

3. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Mitral valve
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

4. What is a ventricular septal defect
Mechanical or biologic
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

5. What are acyanotic defects
Water
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

6. What does the cardiac cycle include
Before the third week of gestation
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

7. what covers the heart
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Pericardial fluid

8. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Mitral valve

9. what vessels are used for CPBG
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
72 bpm
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

10. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

11. What are cyanotic defects
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

12. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
From the ascending aorta
A single artery arising from both ventricles

13. What is cardiac tamponade
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

14. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Water
There are 4
Generator and electrode

15. When does development of the heart begin
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Before the third week of gestation
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

16. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ligamentum venosum
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

17. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Water
72 bpm
Right atrium or venae cavae
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

18. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Sternal notch
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

19. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Right atrium or venae cavae
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

20. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

21. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Ductus venosus
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
4
Generator and electrode

22. How many chambers in the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
There are 4
4
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

23. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Lower chambers - ventricles

24. How many pulmonary veins are there
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
There are 4

25. What is the bundle of his
There are 4
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

26. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Atria
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Sternal notch
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

27. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Generator and electrode

28. Where does the coronary artery arise
Atria
Disease of the heart muscle
From the ascending aorta
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

29. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Generator and electrode
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Sternal notch

30. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Ligamentum venosum
Ductus venosus
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

31. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Lower chambers - ventricles

32. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The relaxation phase of the heart
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

33. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
72 bpm

34. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

35. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Before the third week of gestation
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

36. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Chordae tendineae
There are 4
Water
Mechanical or biologic

37. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ligamentum venosum
Before the third week of gestation
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

38. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Sternal notch
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

39. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
The contraction phase of the heart

40. What is cardiomyopathy
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Disease of the heart muscle
Chordae tendineae
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

41. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Right atrium or venae cavae
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

42. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

43. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Ductus venosus
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Mechanical or biologic
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

44. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Right atrium or venae cavae
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ligamentum venosum

45. What is tricuspid atresia
Pericardial fluid
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

46. What are non-sterile procedures
Water
Done on the aerodigestive tract
There are 4
A single artery arising from both ventricles

47. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Disease of the heart muscle
Ligamentum venosum
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
There are 4

48. Where is the bicuspid valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

49. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
72 bpm
Chordae tendineae
Generator and electrode
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

50. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
The contraction phase of the heart
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Pericardial fluid