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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the name for the upper chambers
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Atria
Ligamentum venosum

2. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Sternal notch
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

3. What is an atrial septal defect
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Mechanical or biologic
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Disease of the heart muscle

4. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Sternal notch
There are 4
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

5. what covers the heart
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Disease of the heart muscle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

6. What is cardiomyopathy
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Disease of the heart muscle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

7. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
From the ascending aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Generator and electrode
Before the third week of gestation

8. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

9. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Upper chambers - atria
Lower chambers - ventricles
Mitral valve
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

10. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

11. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
4
Water
A single artery arising from both ventricles

12. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

13. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Ventricles
Mechanical or biologic
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

14. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Chordae tendineae
72 bpm
Ligamentum venosum
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

15. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
72 bpm
Sternal notch
The contraction phase of the heart

16. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
From the ascending aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

17. What arteries supply the heart
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
4
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

18. What is the location of the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Upper chambers - atria
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

19. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
The relaxation phase of the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart

20. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

21. What is bradycardia
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

22. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae

23. What is diastole
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The contraction phase of the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae
The relaxation phase of the heart

24. What does the umbilical vein become
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ductus venosus
There are 4

25. How many chambers in the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ventricles
4

26. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Generator and electrode
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Chordae tendineae

27. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Sternal notch
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

28. What are non-sterile procedures
72 bpm
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

29. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Mitral valve
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

30. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

31. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Upper chambers - atria
Generator and electrode
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

32. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

33. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae
There are 4
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

34. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Pericardial fluid
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

35. When does development of the heart begin
Lower chambers - ventricles
Before the third week of gestation
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

36. What is systole
72 bpm
The contraction phase of the heart
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Disease of the heart muscle

37. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Disease of the heart muscle
4
Pericardial fluid
There are 4

38. How many pulmonary veins are there
72 bpm
Ligamentum venosum
There are 4
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

39. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Chordae tendineae
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

40. What are the layers of the heart
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

41. What is coarctation of the aorta
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Localized narrowing of the aorta
72 bpm
Water

42. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
Atria
The relaxation phase of the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

43. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Disease of the heart muscle
Ventricles
Water

44. Where is the bicuspid valve located
4
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Generator and electrode

45. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Sternal notch
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

46. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
There are 4
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

47. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

48. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

49. What is cardiac tamponade
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
72 bpm
Chordae tendineae

50. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Sternal notch
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
A single artery arising from both ventricles
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle