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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
The relaxation phase of the heart
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

2. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Sternal notch

3. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
The relaxation phase of the heart

4. What is the circulation through the heart
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

5. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Atria
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

6. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Mitral valve
Generator and electrode

7. What is the most common chest deformity
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
72 bpm
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

8. When does development of the heart begin
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ductus venosus
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Before the third week of gestation

9. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
4

10. What are non-sterile procedures
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
4
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

11. What is the name for the upper chambers
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Atria
Ductus venosus
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

12. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
From the ascending aorta
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

13. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Mitral valve
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Right atrium or venae cavae
4

14. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
The contraction phase of the heart
The relaxation phase of the heart
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

15. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Pericardial fluid
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

16. What is cardiac tamponade
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

17. What is cardiomyopathy
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Disease of the heart muscle

18. What are cyanotic defects
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Lower chambers - ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

19. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
4
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

20. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Mitral valve
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
72 bpm
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

21. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Water
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Generator and electrode
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

22. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
4
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

23. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

24. What does the cardiac cycle include
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Chordae tendineae
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

25. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
72 bpm
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
The contraction phase of the heart

26. What is coarctation of the aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
4
Localized narrowing of the aorta

27. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Sternal notch
Right atrium or venae cavae
There are 4

28. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Lower chambers - ventricles
Sternal notch

29. What is bradycardia
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

30. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Sternal notch
Ventricles
Chordae tendineae

31. What is pulmonary stenosis
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ligamentum venosum

32. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Generator and electrode
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

33. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Before the third week of gestation

34. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Mechanical or biologic
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Generator and electrode
A single artery arising from both ventricles

35. What are the layers of the heart
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Water
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

36. What is systole
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
The contraction phase of the heart

37. How many pulmonary veins are there
Pericardial fluid
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
There are 4

38. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
From the ascending aorta
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

39. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Pericardial fluid
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Sternal notch

40. What are acyanotic defects
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Pericardial fluid

41. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Mitral valve
There are 4

42. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

43. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Mitral valve
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
From the ascending aorta

44. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
4
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

45. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Mechanical or biologic
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

46. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Disease of the heart muscle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

47. What is the name for the lower chambers
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ventricles

48. What does the umbilical vein become
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ductus venosus
Pericardial fluid
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

49. What is the rastelli procedure
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Mechanical or biologic
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Pericardial fluid

50. What is the bundle of his
A single artery arising from both ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles