Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Generator and electrode

2. what vessels are used for CPBG
Before the third week of gestation
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

3. what covers the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

4. What is an atrial septal defect
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Chordae tendineae

5. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
The relaxation phase of the heart
Mitral valve
Sternal notch

6. What are the layers of the heart
Mitral valve
4
Pericardial fluid
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

7. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
The relaxation phase of the heart

8. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

9. What is the name for the lower chambers
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Before the third week of gestation
Ventricles

10. When does development of the heart begin
Pericardial fluid
Before the third week of gestation
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
72 bpm

11. What is cardiac tamponade
Upper chambers - atria
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Generator and electrode
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

12. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta

13. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Water
A single artery arising from both ventricles

14. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

15. What is the bundle of his
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Generator and electrode

16. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Lower chambers - ventricles

17. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Generator and electrode
Chordae tendineae
Mechanical or biologic
There are 4

18. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Before the third week of gestation
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

19. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ductus venosus
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

20. What is a ventricular septal defect
Water
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ductus venosus
Done on the aerodigestive tract

21. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Disease of the heart muscle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
A single artery arising from both ventricles

22. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

23. What is tricuspid atresia
Pericardial fluid
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
The contraction phase of the heart

24. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Pericardial fluid
Water
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

25. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
4
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

26. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Mechanical or biologic
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Generator and electrode
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

27. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Before the third week of gestation
Sternal notch

28. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

29. What does the umbilical vein become
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Upper chambers - atria
72 bpm
Ductus venosus

30. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Pericardial fluid
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

31. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

32. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Done on the aerodigestive tract
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

33. How many pulmonary veins are there
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
There are 4

34. What is the circulation through the heart
The contraction phase of the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Ligamentum venosum
Right atrium or venae cavae

35. What is systole
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Upper chambers - atria
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
The contraction phase of the heart

36. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

37. What is the rastelli procedure
Pericardial fluid
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles

38. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

39. What is the location of the heart
Generator and electrode
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Pericardial fluid
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

40. Where does the coronary artery arise
Water
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
From the ascending aorta
Sternal notch

41. What is pulmonary stenosis
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Water
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

42. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Mitral valve
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

43. What is bradycardia
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Atria

44. How many chambers in the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
4
Lower chambers - ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

45. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Pericardial fluid

46. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

47. What is the name for the upper chambers
Lower chambers - ventricles
Atria
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

48. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ligamentum venosum
Mechanical or biologic
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

49. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
The contraction phase of the heart
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Upper chambers - atria

50. What arteries supply the heart
The relaxation phase of the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Generator and electrode
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery