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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Disease of the heart muscle

2. what vessels are used for CPBG
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

3. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
The relaxation phase of the heart
Lower chambers - ventricles
Pericardial fluid
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

4. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

5. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Generator and electrode
Lower chambers - ventricles

6. What is the name for the upper chambers
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Atria
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Sternal notch

7. What is a ventricular septal defect
Mitral valve
Lower chambers - ventricles
A single artery arising from both ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

8. What does the umbilical vein become
Lower chambers - ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ductus venosus
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

9. Where is the bicuspid valve located
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Chordae tendineae
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
There are 4

10. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
Right atrium or venae cavae
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

11. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Atria
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

12. which chambers receive blood from the veins
A single artery arising from both ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Upper chambers - atria

13. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
72 bpm
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

14. What is the rastelli procedure
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
72 bpm

15. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ventricles
Before the third week of gestation
Mechanical or biologic

16. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Mechanical or biologic
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

17. What is the circulation through the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Lower chambers - ventricles
From the ascending aorta
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

18. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Generator and electrode
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

19. When does development of the heart begin
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart
Before the third week of gestation
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

20. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
A single artery arising from both ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Localized narrowing of the aorta

21. What is cardiac tamponade
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Disease of the heart muscle
Lower chambers - ventricles

22. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Lower chambers - ventricles

23. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Right atrium or venae cavae

24. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ventricles
From the ascending aorta

25. what covers the heart
Generator and electrode
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
There are 4

26. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Generator and electrode
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Mechanical or biologic
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

27. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

28. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Chordae tendineae
Mechanical or biologic

29. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles

30. What is cardiomyopathy
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Disease of the heart muscle
The relaxation phase of the heart

31. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

32. What is the location of the heart
72 bpm
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Chordae tendineae

33. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Ligamentum venosum
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
There are 4
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

34. What is the name for the lower chambers
Upper chambers - atria
Ligamentum venosum
Chordae tendineae
Ventricles

35. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Mitral valve
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

36. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

37. What are the layers of the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

38. What is coarctation of the aorta
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Localized narrowing of the aorta

39. What are cyanotic defects
Sternal notch
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
The relaxation phase of the heart
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

40. How many pulmonary veins are there
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
72 bpm
Lower chambers - ventricles
There are 4

41. What is the most common chest deformity
Disease of the heart muscle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

42. What is an atrial septal defect
Pericardial fluid
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

43. What arteries supply the heart
Water
Mitral valve
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

44. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
The relaxation phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
72 bpm

45. What are non-sterile procedures
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

46. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

47. What is tricuspid atresia
Mechanical or biologic
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Pericardial fluid

48. What is systole
Sternal notch
Upper chambers - atria
The contraction phase of the heart
Lower chambers - ventricles

49. What is bradycardia
Ligamentum venosum
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

50. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Atria
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Before the third week of gestation
Ductus venosus