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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is a ventricular septal defect
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
72 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

2. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Upper chambers - atria
Ligamentum venosum

3. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Upper chambers - atria
Ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

4. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Mechanical or biologic
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart

5. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Disease of the heart muscle
Lower chambers - ventricles

6. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Before the third week of gestation
Water
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Done on the aerodigestive tract

7. What is the rastelli procedure
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

8. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Water
Disease of the heart muscle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

9. What are non-sterile procedures
Ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Disease of the heart muscle
Water

10. What is diastole
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
The relaxation phase of the heart
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

11. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Mechanical or biologic
Upper chambers - atria

12. What is systole
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Chordae tendineae
The contraction phase of the heart
4

13. What is the name for the upper chambers
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Water
Atria
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

14. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Pericardial fluid
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae

15. Where is the bicuspid valve located
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
72 bpm

16. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Lower chambers - ventricles

17. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
A single artery arising from both ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

18. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

19. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Right atrium or venae cavae
Chordae tendineae
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

20. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

21. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Chordae tendineae
Mechanical or biologic
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Pericardial fluid

22. How many chambers in the heart
Disease of the heart muscle
There are 4
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
4

23. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Atria

24. What is the bundle of his
The contraction phase of the heart
Ligamentum venosum
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

25. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

26. What is the most common chest deformity
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Pericardial fluid

27. What does the umbilical vein become
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ductus venosus
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

28. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Right atrium or venae cavae
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

29. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
From the ascending aorta
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

30. What is an atrial septal defect
From the ascending aorta
Chordae tendineae
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

31. What is the location of the heart
Ductus venosus
4
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

32. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
72 bpm
The contraction phase of the heart
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

33. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

34. What arteries supply the heart
The contraction phase of the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

35. What is the circulation through the heart
Pericardial fluid
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

36. When does development of the heart begin
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Before the third week of gestation
Mechanical or biologic
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

37. What is coarctation of the aorta
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta
4

38. what vessels are used for CPBG
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

39. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Lower chambers - ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

40. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
From the ascending aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

41. What are cyanotic defects
4
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Mechanical or biologic

42. What is pulmonary stenosis
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

43. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Pericardial fluid
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

44. What are acyanotic defects
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
From the ascending aorta
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

45. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Generator and electrode
The relaxation phase of the heart
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

46. What is the name for the lower chambers
Pericardial fluid
Chordae tendineae
Ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

47. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

48. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

49. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Disease of the heart muscle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

50. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ligamentum venosum
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium