Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. what vessels are used for CPBG
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

2. What does the cardiac cycle include
Pericardial fluid
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The relaxation phase of the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

3. What is the most common chest deformity
Lower chambers - ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

4. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
The relaxation phase of the heart
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

5. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
There are 4
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Mitral valve

6. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

7. What is the location of the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Before the third week of gestation

8. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Upper chambers - atria
Chordae tendineae
Localized narrowing of the aorta

9. what covers the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ligamentum venosum
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

10. Where does the coronary artery arise
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Sternal notch
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
From the ascending aorta

11. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Chordae tendineae
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

12. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
There are 4
Mechanical or biologic
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

13. What is the circulation through the heart
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Mechanical or biologic
Disease of the heart muscle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

14. What is the bundle of his
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

15. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Before the third week of gestation
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

16. What arteries supply the heart
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

17. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ligamentum venosum
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
From the ascending aorta

18. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Right atrium or venae cavae
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Sternal notch

19. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Water
Mitral valve
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

20. What are acyanotic defects
Ductus venosus
Mitral valve
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ligamentum venosum

21. What is the rastelli procedure
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Generator and electrode
A single artery arising from both ventricles

22. What is coarctation of the aorta
Generator and electrode
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Localized narrowing of the aorta
The contraction phase of the heart

23. What does the umbilical vein become
The relaxation phase of the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ductus venosus

24. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Before the third week of gestation
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

25. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

26. What are the layers of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
From the ascending aorta
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Lower chambers - ventricles

27. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
From the ascending aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae
There are 4
Chordae tendineae

28. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Sternal notch
Upper chambers - atria
The contraction phase of the heart

29. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Pericardial fluid
There are 4
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

30. What are cyanotic defects
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Sternal notch

31. What is bradycardia
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Water

32. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Chordae tendineae

33. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
Before the third week of gestation
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

34. What is the name for the upper chambers
Chordae tendineae
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Atria

35. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
72 bpm
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

36. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
4
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

37. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Ligamentum venosum
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

38. What is cardiomyopathy
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle

39. How many chambers in the heart
Water
4
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

40. What is systole
Mitral valve
Lower chambers - ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

41. What are non-sterile procedures
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Right atrium or venae cavae
Sternal notch
Done on the aerodigestive tract

42. What is cardiac tamponade
Mitral valve
Atria
Disease of the heart muscle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

43. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Before the third week of gestation
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart

44. What is an atrial septal defect
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Mitral valve
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

45. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

46. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

47. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Pericardial fluid
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
The contraction phase of the heart
Ligamentum venosum

48. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The contraction phase of the heart
Lower chambers - ventricles

49. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Upper chambers - atria
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

50. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
The relaxation phase of the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)