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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
There are 4
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

2. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
4
Sternal notch
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

3. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

4. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Pericardial fluid

5. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Right atrium or venae cavae

6. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Localized narrowing of the aorta
72 bpm

7. what vessels are used for CPBG
Mitral valve
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
From the ascending aorta

8. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

9. What are the layers of the heart
72 bpm
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
There are 4

10. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Pericardial fluid
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
From the ascending aorta

11. What is the most common chest deformity
Atria
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The contraction phase of the heart

12. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Water
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

13. What is the name for the lower chambers
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

14. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Before the third week of gestation
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
A single artery arising from both ventricles

15. What are non-sterile procedures
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Done on the aerodigestive tract

16. What is diastole
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles

17. What does the umbilical vein become
From the ascending aorta
Ductus venosus
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

18. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Localized narrowing of the aorta
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
72 bpm
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

19. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

20. What is the location of the heart
Upper chambers - atria
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

21. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ligamentum venosum
Before the third week of gestation
The relaxation phase of the heart

22. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
There are 4
Mechanical or biologic
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Upper chambers - atria

23. Where is the bicuspid valve located
The relaxation phase of the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

24. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
Mitral valve
Ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

25. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
There are 4
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Water

26. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Water
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

27. What is bradycardia
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

28. What does the cardiac cycle include
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Lower chambers - ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

29. When does development of the heart begin
Ventricles
Before the third week of gestation
Done on the aerodigestive tract
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

30. What are acyanotic defects
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Mitral valve
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

31. Where does the coronary artery arise
Mechanical or biologic
From the ascending aorta
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

32. What is cardiac tamponade
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Water
The contraction phase of the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

33. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ligamentum venosum
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

34. What arteries supply the heart
Chordae tendineae
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
There are 4
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

35. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Chordae tendineae
The contraction phase of the heart
A single artery arising from both ventricles

36. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Before the third week of gestation
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

37. What is coarctation of the aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Mechanical or biologic

38. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
The relaxation phase of the heart
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

39. How many chambers in the heart
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
4
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

40. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Atria
Upper chambers - atria

41. What is pulmonary stenosis
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

42. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
Atria
From the ascending aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

43. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Pericardial fluid
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

44. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
There are 4
Ductus venosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
72 bpm

45. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

46. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Before the third week of gestation
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

47. What is the bundle of his
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Lower chambers - ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
72 bpm

48. What is cardiomyopathy
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Disease of the heart muscle

49. Where is the tricuspid valve located
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Chordae tendineae

50. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Mechanical or biologic
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays