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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Chordae tendineae

2. How many chambers in the heart
4
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

3. what covers the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ductus venosus

4. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
4
Upper chambers - atria
Before the third week of gestation

5. What is an atrial septal defect
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

6. What are cyanotic defects
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Right atrium or venae cavae
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

7. What is a ventricular septal defect
Right atrium or venae cavae
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

8. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Generator and electrode
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

9. Where does the coronary artery arise
Ligamentum venosum
Localized narrowing of the aorta
4
From the ascending aorta

10. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Mechanical or biologic
There are 4
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

11. What is the location of the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
72 bpm
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

12. What is pulmonary stenosis
The contraction phase of the heart
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles

13. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Disease of the heart muscle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

14. what solution is NOT used during CPB
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Water
Lower chambers - ventricles

15. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Chordae tendineae

16. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ligamentum venosum
Water

17. What arteries supply the heart
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
4

18. What is diastole
Before the third week of gestation
The relaxation phase of the heart
Atria
4

19. What is systole
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
The contraction phase of the heart
Before the third week of gestation
Disease of the heart muscle

20. What is coarctation of the aorta
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Mitral valve
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta

21. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Water

22. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
There are 4
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

23. What are acyanotic defects
Mechanical or biologic
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
The contraction phase of the heart

24. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Atria
Disease of the heart muscle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

25. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Mitral valve
72 bpm
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

26. When does development of the heart begin
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Before the third week of gestation
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

27. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Disease of the heart muscle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Generator and electrode

28. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

29. What is tricuspid atresia
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Pericardial fluid
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

30. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Mitral valve
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
72 bpm

31. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

32. What are non-sterile procedures
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ligamentum venosum
Water
Done on the aerodigestive tract

33. How many pulmonary veins are there
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
There are 4
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Upper chambers - atria

34. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Generator and electrode
Water
4

35. What does the umbilical vein become
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Ductus venosus

36. What is the name for the upper chambers
Right atrium or venae cavae
Atria
From the ascending aorta
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

37. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Water

38. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Lower chambers - ventricles
Mechanical or biologic

39. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ligamentum venosum

40. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Chordae tendineae
Lower chambers - ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

41. What are the layers of the heart
From the ascending aorta
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Sternal notch
Disease of the heart muscle

42. What is the rastelli procedure
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
There are 4
Pericardial fluid
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

43. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Lower chambers - ventricles
Mitral valve
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

44. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Disease of the heart muscle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

45. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Ventricles
Mechanical or biologic
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Sternal notch

46. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Disease of the heart muscle
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

47. What is cardiomyopathy
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Mechanical or biologic
Disease of the heart muscle

48. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

49. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
4
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

50. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle