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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ligamentum venosum
Mechanical or biologic

2. what vessels are used for CPBG
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ventricles

3. How many pulmonary veins are there
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
There are 4
Ductus venosus

4. What are non-sterile procedures
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
There are 4
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Chordae tendineae

5. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Chordae tendineae
Mitral valve
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

6. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

7. What is the location of the heart
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Chordae tendineae

8. what covers the heart
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Water

9. What arteries supply the heart
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Sternal notch

10. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Chordae tendineae
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

11. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Atria
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

12. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

13. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Right atrium or venae cavae

14. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

15. What is the rastelli procedure
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
From the ascending aorta
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

16. Where is the bicuspid valve located
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Disease of the heart muscle
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

17. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Pericardial fluid
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

18. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

19. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Lower chambers - ventricles
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

20. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
4
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

21. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ductus venosus
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

22. What are the layers of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Chordae tendineae
Ligamentum venosum
The relaxation phase of the heart

23. what solution is NOT used during CPB
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Water
From the ascending aorta

24. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
72 bpm
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

25. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Water
Ventricles
Pericardial fluid
From the ascending aorta

26. What is a ventricular septal defect
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Mechanical or biologic

27. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
72 bpm
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

28. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Sternal notch

29. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

30. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Mitral valve
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Sternal notch

31. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

32. What is the most common chest deformity
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

33. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Chordae tendineae
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Localized narrowing of the aorta

34. What is the bundle of his
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

35. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
4

36. How many chambers in the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ductus venosus
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
4

37. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
4
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Right atrium or venae cavae

38. What is the name for the upper chambers
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Atria
There are 4
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

39. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
Mitral valve
72 bpm
The relaxation phase of the heart

40. Where does the coronary artery arise
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
72 bpm
From the ascending aorta
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

41. What are acyanotic defects
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ventricles
Water
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

42. What does the umbilical vein become
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ductus venosus
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

43. What is an atrial septal defect
Ligamentum venosum
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

44. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Mitral valve
A single artery arising from both ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

45. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Lower chambers - ventricles
There are 4
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

46. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ligamentum venosum
Generator and electrode
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

47. What is systole
Done on the aerodigestive tract
A single artery arising from both ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

48. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
72 bpm
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

49. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
72 bpm
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

50. What is bradycardia
Generator and electrode
Ligamentum venosum
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm