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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
72 bpm
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract

2. What is bradycardia
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

3. When does development of the heart begin
72 bpm
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ligamentum venosum
Before the third week of gestation

4. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
From the ascending aorta
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Localized narrowing of the aorta

5. What is pulmonary stenosis
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Generator and electrode

6. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Chordae tendineae
Localized narrowing of the aorta

7. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
A single artery arising from both ventricles

8. What arteries supply the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

9. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
From the ascending aorta
Disease of the heart muscle

10. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Pericardial fluid

11. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

12. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
There are 4
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

13. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

14. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

15. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Lower chambers - ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

16. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
There are 4
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

17. What does the cardiac cycle include
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Mechanical or biologic
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

18. What are the layers of the heart
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ligamentum venosum

19. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
The relaxation phase of the heart
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

20. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

21. Where does the coronary artery arise
4
From the ascending aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

22. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Sternal notch
Lower chambers - ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

23. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Sternal notch
Mechanical or biologic
The contraction phase of the heart
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

24. What is the location of the heart
Mechanical or biologic
Upper chambers - atria
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

25. Where is the bicuspid valve located
From the ascending aorta
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Mechanical or biologic
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

26. What is an atrial septal defect
Lower chambers - ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

27. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Sternal notch
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
There are 4
Right atrium or venae cavae

28. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Mitral valve
Water
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

29. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Generator and electrode
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
72 bpm

30. What is systole
4
Water
Before the third week of gestation
The contraction phase of the heart

31. What is tricuspid atresia
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

32. How many chambers in the heart
There are 4
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Before the third week of gestation
4

33. What are cyanotic defects
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Mitral valve
Water
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

34. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Generator and electrode
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

35. What does the umbilical vein become
The relaxation phase of the heart
Generator and electrode
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ductus venosus

36. What is cardiac tamponade
Ductus venosus
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
4
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

37. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Right atrium or venae cavae
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

38. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

39. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

40. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Upper chambers - atria
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

41. What is coarctation of the aorta
The contraction phase of the heart
There are 4
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Localized narrowing of the aorta

42. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

43. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Pericardial fluid
From the ascending aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

44. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
Atria
From the ascending aorta
A single artery arising from both ventricles

45. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

46. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Pericardial fluid

47. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Water
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

48. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Generator and electrode
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ventricles

49. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Ductus venosus
Water
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Mitral valve

50. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Mitral valve
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers