Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. When does development of the heart begin
Right atrium or venae cavae
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Before the third week of gestation
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

2. What does the umbilical vein become
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ductus venosus
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

3. what vessels are used for CPBG
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ligamentum venosum

4. Where does the coronary artery arise
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
From the ascending aorta
The contraction phase of the heart

5. How many chambers in the heart
Ductus venosus
4
Water
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

6. What are acyanotic defects
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Mitral valve
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

7. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

8. What is diastole
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
72 bpm
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

9. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

10. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
The relaxation phase of the heart
4
Chordae tendineae

11. What are non-sterile procedures
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
The relaxation phase of the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Done on the aerodigestive tract

12. What is the rastelli procedure
Upper chambers - atria
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Pericardial fluid
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

13. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Generator and electrode
72 bpm

14. What are cyanotic defects
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ductus venosus

15. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
There are 4
The contraction phase of the heart
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

16. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Sternal notch
Ligamentum venosum

17. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Mechanical or biologic
Water
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

18. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Upper chambers - atria
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

19. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

20. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Mechanical or biologic
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

21. what covers the heart
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Mechanical or biologic

22. which chambers receive blood from the veins
The relaxation phase of the heart
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Upper chambers - atria

23. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
From the ascending aorta
A single artery arising from both ventricles

24. What does the cardiac cycle include
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Lower chambers - ventricles
Generator and electrode

25. What is pulmonary stenosis
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

26. What are the layers of the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

27. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Ligamentum venosum
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Mitral valve
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

28. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Mechanical or biologic
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

29. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Before the third week of gestation
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

30. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Before the third week of gestation
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

31. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

32. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

33. What is coarctation of the aorta
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Generator and electrode
Upper chambers - atria
Localized narrowing of the aorta

34. What is the bundle of his
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Right atrium or venae cavae

35. What is an atrial septal defect
Upper chambers - atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ligamentum venosum
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

36. What is the name for the lower chambers
4
Sternal notch
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ventricles

37. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Ventricles
Mechanical or biologic
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Chordae tendineae

38. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
The relaxation phase of the heart
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Lower chambers - ventricles

39. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
The contraction phase of the heart

40. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

41. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Pericardial fluid
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle

42. Where is the bicuspid valve located
4
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

43. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

44. What is a ventricular septal defect
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

45. What is systole
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
From the ascending aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The contraction phase of the heart

46. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Water
Ventricles
Sternal notch
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

47. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Sternal notch
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Upper chambers - atria
Pericardial fluid

48. What is the location of the heart
Generator and electrode
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae

49. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Mechanical or biologic
Atria
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

50. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Mitral valve
72 bpm
Before the third week of gestation