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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Water
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

2. What is the rastelli procedure
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Atria
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

3. What are cyanotic defects
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Mitral valve
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

4. What is bradycardia
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
4
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

5. What is the bundle of his
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Mechanical or biologic
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

6. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Mitral valve
Right atrium or venae cavae
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

7. What is diastole
Mitral valve
Ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
Water

8. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
72 bpm
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

9. What does the umbilical vein become
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ductus venosus
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

10. What are non-sterile procedures
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

11. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Sternal notch
72 bpm
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

12. What is the name for the upper chambers
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Before the third week of gestation
Atria
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

13. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
Chordae tendineae
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

14. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Mitral valve
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

15. What is an atrial septal defect
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Chordae tendineae

16. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The contraction phase of the heart
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

17. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
72 bpm
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Water
Ventricles

18. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

19. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
From the ascending aorta
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Mechanical or biologic

20. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
Lower chambers - ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle

21. What is coarctation of the aorta
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Mitral valve
The contraction phase of the heart
Localized narrowing of the aorta

22. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Chordae tendineae

23. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
4
The contraction phase of the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

24. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Lower chambers - ventricles

25. What arteries supply the heart
Generator and electrode
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Mitral valve
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

26. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
The contraction phase of the heart
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Sternal notch

27. How many chambers in the heart
4
Mechanical or biologic
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

28. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
The contraction phase of the heart
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

29. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Done on the aerodigestive tract
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

30. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Mechanical or biologic
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

31. What is cardiac tamponade
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

32. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Sternal notch
There are 4
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

33. What is the circulation through the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

34. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

35. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Mitral valve
Generator and electrode
There are 4
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

36. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
Pericardial fluid
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ventricles

37. What is the location of the heart
Mitral valve
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Upper chambers - atria
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

38. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Pericardial fluid
Water
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

39. What are the layers of the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Mitral valve
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

40. What is pulmonary stenosis
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

41. What is cardiomyopathy
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Disease of the heart muscle
There are 4

42. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ventricles

43. what vessels are used for CPBG
4
Upper chambers - atria
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

44. What are acyanotic defects
72 bpm
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

45. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Localized narrowing of the aorta

46. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
There are 4
Sternal notch
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

47. What is the most common chest deformity
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Atria
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
A single artery arising from both ventricles

48. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Upper chambers - atria
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

49. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
Water
Right atrium or venae cavae
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

50. How many pulmonary veins are there
Ductus venosus
Atria
There are 4
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery