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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is a ventricular septal defect
Atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricles
There are 4

2. What are non-sterile procedures
Mitral valve
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Upper chambers - atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract

3. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
4
Mechanical or biologic
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

4. What is the bundle of his
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The contraction phase of the heart
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

5. What is bradycardia
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Disease of the heart muscle

6. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Mitral valve
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

7. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Pericardial fluid
Upper chambers - atria
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
4

8. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Before the third week of gestation
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
A single artery arising from both ventricles
72 bpm

9. What is the most common chest deformity
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Atria

10. What is the name for the upper chambers
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Atria
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

11. How many pulmonary veins are there
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
There are 4

12. what vessels are used for CPBG
Right atrium or venae cavae
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
The contraction phase of the heart
Ductus venosus

13. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
From the ascending aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Generator and electrode

14. What does the cardiac cycle include
A single artery arising from both ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Generator and electrode

15. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Chordae tendineae
Mitral valve
Lower chambers - ventricles

16. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ductus venosus
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Disease of the heart muscle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

17. what covers the heart
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Before the third week of gestation
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid

18. What is pulmonary stenosis
72 bpm
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricles

19. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Before the third week of gestation
Mitral valve
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Atria

20. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Pericardial fluid
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

21. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
4
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

22. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ligamentum venosum
A single artery arising from both ventricles

23. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Water
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Generator and electrode
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

24. What is the location of the heart
From the ascending aorta
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ligamentum venosum

25. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart

26. What are cyanotic defects
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
From the ascending aorta
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

27. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Mitral valve
Upper chambers - atria
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

28. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Generator and electrode
Chordae tendineae
Upper chambers - atria
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

29. What arteries supply the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

30. what solution is NOT used during CPB
4
Water
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

31. What are acyanotic defects
Sternal notch
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

32. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Pericardial fluid
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

33. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

34. What is an atrial septal defect
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

35. What is systole
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
The contraction phase of the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
72 bpm

36. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

37. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ligamentum venosum
4
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

38. What is the circulation through the heart
Before the third week of gestation
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

39. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Ligamentum venosum
The contraction phase of the heart
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

40. How many chambers in the heart
72 bpm
4
Ligamentum venosum
From the ascending aorta

41. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Atria
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

42. What is cardiac tamponade
72 bpm
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

43. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Atria
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

44. What are the layers of the heart
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Lower chambers - ventricles
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

45. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
From the ascending aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

46. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
72 bpm
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

47. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Sternal notch
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

48. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Chordae tendineae
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

49. When does development of the heart begin
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Chordae tendineae
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Before the third week of gestation

50. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Water