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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are non-sterile procedures
Mitral valve
There are 4
Ligamentum venosum
Done on the aerodigestive tract

2. Where is the bicuspid valve located
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

3. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

4. What is tricuspid atresia
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Sternal notch

5. What is cardiac tamponade
Ductus venosus
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Sternal notch

6. What does the cardiac cycle include
Right atrium or venae cavae
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Generator and electrode
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

7. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Chordae tendineae
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
72 bpm
Disease of the heart muscle

8. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Disease of the heart muscle

9. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Lower chambers - ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

10. What is the circulation through the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Sternal notch
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

11. What is pulmonary stenosis
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

12. How many chambers in the heart
Disease of the heart muscle
4
There are 4
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

13. What are the layers of the heart
Pericardial fluid
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ligamentum venosum
Before the third week of gestation

14. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ductus venosus
Right atrium or venae cavae
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

15. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Sternal notch
Generator and electrode
There are 4

16. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Ventricles
Mechanical or biologic
Ligamentum venosum
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

17. What is the most common chest deformity
Ligamentum venosum
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart

18. What is the name for the upper chambers
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Atria

19. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Chordae tendineae
Generator and electrode

20. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
The contraction phase of the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

21. what solution is NOT used during CPB
The contraction phase of the heart
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Water
Sternal notch

22. What is bradycardia
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

23. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Lower chambers - ventricles
There are 4

24. When does development of the heart begin
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Before the third week of gestation
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

25. What is coarctation of the aorta
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

26. What is a ventricular septal defect
The contraction phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

27. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Lower chambers - ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

28. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta

29. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Water
Before the third week of gestation
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

30. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Ligamentum venosum
Generator and electrode
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ventricles

31. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Mechanical or biologic
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

32. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles
Mechanical or biologic

33. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Chordae tendineae
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

34. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
72 bpm
A single artery arising from both ventricles

35. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Done on the aerodigestive tract
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

36. What is cardiomyopathy
4
Lower chambers - ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

37. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Pericardial fluid
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

38. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
72 bpm
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

39. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

40. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Upper chambers - atria
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Chordae tendineae

41. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Water

42. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Upper chambers - atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae

43. What are acyanotic defects
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

44. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Before the third week of gestation

45. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Upper chambers - atria
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

46. What does the umbilical vein become
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Generator and electrode
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ductus venosus

47. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Before the third week of gestation
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

48. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Ligamentum venosum
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Before the third week of gestation
Lower chambers - ventricles

49. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

50. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Sternal notch
Lower chambers - ventricles
Chordae tendineae