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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is a ventricular septal defect
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

2. What is cardiac tamponade
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Lower chambers - ventricles
There are 4

3. What are acyanotic defects
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
From the ascending aorta
Sternal notch
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

4. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
The contraction phase of the heart

5. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Water
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Before the third week of gestation

6. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Before the third week of gestation

7. What is pulmonary stenosis
Disease of the heart muscle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

8. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Pericardial fluid
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

9. What is bradycardia
Generator and electrode
Ductus venosus
Right atrium or venae cavae
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

10. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The relaxation phase of the heart
From the ascending aorta

11. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Mitral valve
There are 4
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

12. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Mechanical or biologic
The relaxation phase of the heart

13. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ligamentum venosum

14. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ligamentum venosum

15. What is the bundle of his
The relaxation phase of the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Sternal notch
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

16. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

17. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

18. What does the cardiac cycle include
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

19. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Right atrium or venae cavae
Upper chambers - atria

20. what solution is NOT used during CPB
The contraction phase of the heart
Generator and electrode
Water
A single artery arising from both ventricles

21. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Mitral valve

22. What is the name for the lower chambers
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Mitral valve
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ventricles

23. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
4
Sternal notch
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

24. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
There are 4
Chordae tendineae
Sternal notch

25. Where is the bicuspid valve located
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Chordae tendineae
Upper chambers - atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

26. How many chambers in the heart
4
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
From the ascending aorta
Atria

27. What does the umbilical vein become
Generator and electrode
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ductus venosus

28. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Ductus venosus
Lower chambers - ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Upper chambers - atria

29. what vessels are used for CPBG
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Sternal notch
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
From the ascending aorta

30. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
The contraction phase of the heart
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

31. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

32. What are cyanotic defects
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae

33. What is the most common chest deformity
From the ascending aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
4

34. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ligamentum venosum
Right atrium or venae cavae
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

35. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Before the third week of gestation
A single artery arising from both ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
The contraction phase of the heart

36. Where does the coronary artery arise
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
From the ascending aorta
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

37. What are non-sterile procedures
Before the third week of gestation
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

38. What arteries supply the heart
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Chordae tendineae
From the ascending aorta

39. what covers the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

40. What are the layers of the heart
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ligamentum venosum

41. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Sternal notch
4

42. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

43. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Pericardial fluid
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ventricles

44. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Mitral valve
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

45. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
4
Pericardial fluid
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

46. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
72 bpm
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Generator and electrode

47. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Upper chambers - atria
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

48. What is coarctation of the aorta
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Lower chambers - ventricles

49. When does development of the heart begin
Atria
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Before the third week of gestation
Right atrium or venae cavae

50. What is diastole
Right atrium or venae cavae
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
The relaxation phase of the heart
Ductus venosus