Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Where does the coronary artery arise
Pericardial fluid
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
From the ascending aorta
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

2. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
There are 4

3. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Mitral valve

4. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
The relaxation phase of the heart
Ligamentum venosum
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

5. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
From the ascending aorta
Before the third week of gestation

6. What is the name for the lower chambers
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ventricles

7. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
The relaxation phase of the heart

8. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

9. What is the most common chest deformity
From the ascending aorta
Ductus venosus
Sternal notch
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

10. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
There are 4
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ligamentum venosum
From the ascending aorta

11. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Mechanical or biologic
From the ascending aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta

12. What arteries supply the heart
Ligamentum venosum
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Upper chambers - atria
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

13. What is the circulation through the heart
Disease of the heart muscle
Lower chambers - ventricles
Sternal notch
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

14. What is cardiac tamponade
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

15. what solution is NOT used during CPB
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Water
Generator and electrode

16. How many pulmonary veins are there
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
There are 4
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart

17. What is coarctation of the aorta
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Localized narrowing of the aorta
The relaxation phase of the heart
From the ascending aorta

18. What is an atrial septal defect
Sternal notch
The contraction phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Before the third week of gestation

19. what vessels are used for CPBG
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
4
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

20. What is cardiomyopathy
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Disease of the heart muscle
4

21. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ligamentum venosum
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

22. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
From the ascending aorta
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

23. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
72 bpm
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

24. What are acyanotic defects
Mitral valve
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ligamentum venosum
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

25. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Atria
A single artery arising from both ventricles

26. How many chambers in the heart
Ligamentum venosum
From the ascending aorta
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
4

27. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Generator and electrode
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
From the ascending aorta

28. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ligamentum venosum
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles

29. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
72 bpm
Pericardial fluid
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

30. What does the cardiac cycle include
Right atrium or venae cavae
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

31. What is tricuspid atresia
Pericardial fluid
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

32. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Mitral valve
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

33. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Right atrium or venae cavae
Water
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ventricles

34. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Mechanical or biologic
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Chordae tendineae

35. what covers the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Lower chambers - ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
The relaxation phase of the heart

36. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

37. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ductus venosus
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

38. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Atria
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Right atrium or venae cavae

39. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Lower chambers - ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

40. What are non-sterile procedures
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Pericardial fluid

41. What is the bundle of his
Pericardial fluid
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

42. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ligamentum venosum
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta

43. What is systole
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The contraction phase of the heart

44. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
The relaxation phase of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ligamentum venosum

45. What is the rastelli procedure
Before the third week of gestation
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

46. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

47. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Ventricles
Ductus venosus
Lower chambers - ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

48. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

49. What is the location of the heart
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Sternal notch
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

50. What is diastole
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The relaxation phase of the heart
From the ascending aorta