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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the layers of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ductus venosus

2. What is the circulation through the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ductus venosus
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
72 bpm

3. How many chambers in the heart
4
Done on the aerodigestive tract
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Mitral valve

4. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
Disease of the heart muscle
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ligamentum venosum

5. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles

6. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Upper chambers - atria
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Atria

7. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Pericardial fluid

8. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Atria
Upper chambers - atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

9. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Mitral valve
Disease of the heart muscle

10. what covers the heart
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

11. What is the bundle of his
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
4
A single artery arising from both ventricles

12. What is coarctation of the aorta
4
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Localized narrowing of the aorta
From the ascending aorta

13. What is the name for the lower chambers
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
From the ascending aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ventricles

14. What is an atrial septal defect
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

15. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Mechanical or biologic
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Sternal notch
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

16. which chambers receive blood from the veins
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Chordae tendineae
Pericardial fluid
Upper chambers - atria

17. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Upper chambers - atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

18. Where does the coronary artery arise
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
From the ascending aorta
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

19. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
A single artery arising from both ventricles
72 bpm
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

20. What is cardiomyopathy
Atria
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ligamentum venosum
Disease of the heart muscle

21. What is pulmonary stenosis
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ligamentum venosum

22. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Generator and electrode

23. When does development of the heart begin
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Before the third week of gestation

24. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
The contraction phase of the heart
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ligamentum venosum

25. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Mitral valve
A single artery arising from both ventricles
4

26. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Disease of the heart muscle
Pericardial fluid
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

27. What are non-sterile procedures
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

28. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Chordae tendineae
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

29. What is bradycardia
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
There are 4

30. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
Atria
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

31. What is tricuspid atresia
Right atrium or venae cavae
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

32. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Water
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

33. What is the most common chest deformity
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

34. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Mechanical or biologic

35. What is systole
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart
Pericardial fluid
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

36. How many pulmonary veins are there
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
The contraction phase of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
There are 4

37. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

38. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Sternal notch
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

39. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Sternal notch
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

40. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

41. What is the rastelli procedure
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

42. What arteries supply the heart
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Generator and electrode
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

43. What are acyanotic defects
Chordae tendineae
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

44. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Pericardial fluid
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ligamentum venosum
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

45. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
There are 4
Chordae tendineae
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

46. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Upper chambers - atria
From the ascending aorta
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

47. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
There are 4

48. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Atria
Mechanical or biologic
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

49. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
Sternal notch
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

50. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ventricles