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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. what solution is NOT used during CPB
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Water
Localized narrowing of the aorta

2. Where is the bicuspid valve located
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

3. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
The contraction phase of the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Right atrium or venae cavae
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

4. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
72 bpm
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

5. What is the name for the lower chambers
Generator and electrode
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart
Ventricles

6. What is pulmonary stenosis
Ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
4

7. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Water
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
72 bpm

8. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Sternal notch
Generator and electrode
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

9. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
From the ascending aorta
Mechanical or biologic
Mitral valve
Done on the aerodigestive tract

10. How many pulmonary veins are there
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
There are 4
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

11. What does the umbilical vein become
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ductus venosus
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

12. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Pericardial fluid
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

13. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Chordae tendineae
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

14. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Before the third week of gestation
Atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Mechanical or biologic

15. What is diastole
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
The relaxation phase of the heart

16. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

17. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Lower chambers - ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles

18. What are the layers of the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Chordae tendineae

19. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Upper chambers - atria
Mechanical or biologic
Right atrium or venae cavae
72 bpm

20. What is the location of the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Generator and electrode
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

21. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Disease of the heart muscle
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

22. What is the circulation through the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

23. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Pericardial fluid
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

24. What is tricuspid atresia
The contraction phase of the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ventricles

25. What is the rastelli procedure
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Mechanical or biologic
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

26. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

27. What is cardiomyopathy
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Disease of the heart muscle
Pericardial fluid

28. Where does the coronary artery arise
Atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
From the ascending aorta
Before the third week of gestation

29. What are acyanotic defects
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Localized narrowing of the aorta

30. When does development of the heart begin
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Before the third week of gestation
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Pericardial fluid

31. What is a ventricular septal defect
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Pericardial fluid
4

32. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Atria
4

33. What does the cardiac cycle include
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

34. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
The contraction phase of the heart
4
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Sternal notch

35. What is the name for the upper chambers
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Before the third week of gestation
Upper chambers - atria
Atria

36. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Done on the aerodigestive tract
There are 4

37. what covers the heart
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
There are 4

38. How many chambers in the heart
Chordae tendineae
From the ascending aorta
Generator and electrode
4

39. What is systole
4
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
The contraction phase of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

40. What is coarctation of the aorta
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Mitral valve
Localized narrowing of the aorta
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

41. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

42. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

43. What is bradycardia
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Disease of the heart muscle

44. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Upper chambers - atria
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

45. What is cardiac tamponade
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Generator and electrode

46. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Chordae tendineae

47. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Upper chambers - atria
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ligamentum venosum
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

48. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

49. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Upper chambers - atria

50. What are non-sterile procedures
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract