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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
The relaxation phase of the heart
72 bpm

2. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Sternal notch
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

3. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Water
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

4. What is the most common chest deformity
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
There are 4
Ligamentum venosum
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

5. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

6. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ligamentum venosum
Chordae tendineae

7. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Generator and electrode
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Mitral valve

8. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ductus venosus
Water
4

9. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Sternal notch

10. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
There are 4
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

11. What is the name for the lower chambers
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ventricles
Ductus venosus

12. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Mechanical or biologic
Pericardial fluid

13. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
4
Water
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
A single artery arising from both ventricles

14. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Atria
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

15. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

16. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
A single artery arising from both ventricles

17. What are cyanotic defects
Before the third week of gestation
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Sternal notch
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

18. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

19. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

20. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
From the ascending aorta
The relaxation phase of the heart
Water
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

21. What is the rastelli procedure
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta

22. What is bradycardia
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
The contraction phase of the heart
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Mitral valve

23. What is cardiomyopathy
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Disease of the heart muscle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
The relaxation phase of the heart

24. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
The relaxation phase of the heart

25. What does the umbilical vein become
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ductus venosus

26. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Right atrium or venae cavae

27. When does development of the heart begin
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Before the third week of gestation

28. What does the cardiac cycle include
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

29. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Disease of the heart muscle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

30. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

31. What is the name for the upper chambers
Water
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

32. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Upper chambers - atria
Ligamentum venosum
Sternal notch
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

33. How many chambers in the heart
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The relaxation phase of the heart
From the ascending aorta
4

34. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
There are 4
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

35. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

36. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
There are 4
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

37. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Mitral valve
Done on the aerodigestive tract

38. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ligamentum venosum
Disease of the heart muscle

39. Where does the coronary artery arise
Upper chambers - atria
Localized narrowing of the aorta
From the ascending aorta
Ventricles

40. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

41. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

42. What is coarctation of the aorta
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
There are 4
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Localized narrowing of the aorta

43. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

44. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Right atrium or venae cavae

45. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Upper chambers - atria
The contraction phase of the heart

46. What is the bundle of his
Lower chambers - ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

47. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Upper chambers - atria
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

48. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

49. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Chordae tendineae
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

50. What are the layers of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Generator and electrode
Before the third week of gestation