Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Upper chambers - atria
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

2. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
Ligamentum venosum
The contraction phase of the heart
Mitral valve

3. What are acyanotic defects
The contraction phase of the heart
4
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Pericardial fluid

4. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

5. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Mechanical or biologic
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

6. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles

7. what vessels are used for CPBG
The contraction phase of the heart
Water
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

8. How many chambers in the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
4
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

9. What are the layers of the heart
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles

10. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

11. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

12. What is the name for the upper chambers
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Atria
Upper chambers - atria
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

13. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Right atrium or venae cavae
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Mechanical or biologic

14. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Mechanical or biologic
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Water
Pericardial fluid

15. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Mitral valve
Ligamentum venosum
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

16. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
The contraction phase of the heart

17. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Mechanical or biologic
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Water

18. When does development of the heart begin
Ligamentum venosum
Mechanical or biologic
Atria
Before the third week of gestation

19. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Mitral valve
The contraction phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

20. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Upper chambers - atria
Chordae tendineae
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

21. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

22. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ligamentum venosum

23. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Sternal notch
Water
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Upper chambers - atria

24. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Chordae tendineae
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

25. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
Water
Atria
72 bpm

26. What is the name for the lower chambers
Sternal notch
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
4
Ventricles

27. What is diastole
Ligamentum venosum
Disease of the heart muscle
The relaxation phase of the heart
Generator and electrode

28. What is an atrial septal defect
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Chordae tendineae
Before the third week of gestation

29. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Mitral valve
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Localized narrowing of the aorta

30. What is bradycardia
The contraction phase of the heart
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Before the third week of gestation

31. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Right atrium or venae cavae
Lower chambers - ventricles
A single artery arising from both ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart

32. What is pulmonary stenosis
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

33. What are non-sterile procedures
72 bpm
Disease of the heart muscle
There are 4
Done on the aerodigestive tract

34. What is systole
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart
Generator and electrode

35. Where is the bicuspid valve located
The relaxation phase of the heart
Pericardial fluid
Ligamentum venosum
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

36. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Mechanical or biologic
Pericardial fluid
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Sternal notch

37. What arteries supply the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ductus venosus
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

38. what covers the heart
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Mitral valve
Generator and electrode
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

39. What are cyanotic defects
Ductus venosus
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

40. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ligamentum venosum
Chordae tendineae
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

41. Where does the coronary artery arise
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
From the ascending aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

42. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Atria
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
From the ascending aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

43. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Lower chambers - ventricles

44. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Pericardial fluid
Disease of the heart muscle
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

45. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
72 bpm
Water
Chordae tendineae

46. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Lower chambers - ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

47. How many pulmonary veins are there
Mechanical or biologic
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
There are 4
Before the third week of gestation

48. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Water
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Lower chambers - ventricles

49. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ductus venosus

50. What is tricuspid atresia
Done on the aerodigestive tract
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
72 bpm
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery