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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
72 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Mechanical or biologic

2. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Ligamentum venosum
Ductus venosus
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
A single artery arising from both ventricles

3. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ventricles

4. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Water

5. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
From the ascending aorta
Water
Atria

6. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

7. What are non-sterile procedures
There are 4
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
4
Done on the aerodigestive tract

8. What are cyanotic defects
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

9. What is a ventricular septal defect
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Mechanical or biologic
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

10. What is the name for the lower chambers
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ventricles
Sternal notch
Before the third week of gestation

11. What does the umbilical vein become
Generator and electrode
Ductus venosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

12. What is cardiomyopathy
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Chordae tendineae
Right atrium or venae cavae
Disease of the heart muscle

13. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Sternal notch
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

14. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Water
The relaxation phase of the heart
A single artery arising from both ventricles

15. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
There are 4
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ligamentum venosum
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

16. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
Generator and electrode
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

17. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
72 bpm
Disease of the heart muscle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

18. What is the circulation through the heart
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
4
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Mitral valve

19. What is coarctation of the aorta
Lower chambers - ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Localized narrowing of the aorta

20. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

21. What does the cardiac cycle include
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Done on the aerodigestive tract

22. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

23. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Pericardial fluid

24. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Lower chambers - ventricles
Generator and electrode
Right atrium or venae cavae
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

25. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Before the third week of gestation
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Chordae tendineae
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

26. what vessels are used for CPBG
Chordae tendineae
4
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

27. What is diastole
Mitral valve
4
The relaxation phase of the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

28. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Lower chambers - ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Atria

29. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Upper chambers - atria
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
4

30. What is the rastelli procedure
Before the third week of gestation
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Right atrium or venae cavae

31. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Mechanical or biologic
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

32. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Generator and electrode
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Right atrium or venae cavae

33. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
4
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ligamentum venosum

34. What arteries supply the heart
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

35. What is the location of the heart
Ligamentum venosum
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Before the third week of gestation
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

36. what covers the heart
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Chordae tendineae

37. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Done on the aerodigestive tract
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

38. What is pulmonary stenosis
Chordae tendineae
Ligamentum venosum
Generator and electrode
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

39. Where does the coronary artery arise
Pericardial fluid
Disease of the heart muscle
From the ascending aorta
Ventricles

40. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
From the ascending aorta
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

41. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Lower chambers - ventricles
Mitral valve
Mechanical or biologic

42. What are the layers of the heart
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Right atrium or venae cavae
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

43. What is the most common chest deformity
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Water
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Before the third week of gestation

44. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Right atrium or venae cavae
72 bpm
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

45. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Chordae tendineae

46. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Lower chambers - ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Mitral valve
Water

47. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ductus venosus

48. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
From the ascending aorta

49. How many chambers in the heart
4
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Before the third week of gestation
The relaxation phase of the heart

50. What is tricuspid atresia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Generator and electrode
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ductus venosus