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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the layers of the heart
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

2. What is an atrial septal defect
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

3. what covers the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

4. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
There are 4
72 bpm
4
Sternal notch

5. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Before the third week of gestation
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Generator and electrode

6. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Water
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Mitral valve

7. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ductus venosus
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

8. What is the most common chest deformity
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Sternal notch
Chordae tendineae
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

9. What is cardiomyopathy
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Disease of the heart muscle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

10. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Water

11. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

12. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Pericardial fluid
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Mechanical or biologic

13. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Atria
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

14. Where does the coronary artery arise
Mitral valve
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
From the ascending aorta

15. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Ductus venosus
Done on the aerodigestive tract
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Pericardial fluid

16. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
72 bpm
The relaxation phase of the heart
Pericardial fluid

17. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart

18. What is bradycardia
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Pericardial fluid

19. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Ventricles
Ductus venosus
72 bpm
A single artery arising from both ventricles

20. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Upper chambers - atria
Before the third week of gestation
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles

21. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Pericardial fluid
Mechanical or biologic
Atria
Ligamentum venosum

22. How many pulmonary veins are there
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Mechanical or biologic
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
There are 4

23. What is the name for the upper chambers
Ventricles
Atria
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Done on the aerodigestive tract

24. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
From the ascending aorta

25. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ligamentum venosum
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

26. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Water
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

27. How many chambers in the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae
Mitral valve
4
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

28. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Mechanical or biologic
Upper chambers - atria
Pericardial fluid
Ductus venosus

29. What does the cardiac cycle include
Generator and electrode
Right atrium or venae cavae
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

30. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
There are 4
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Chordae tendineae

31. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Before the third week of gestation
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Pericardial fluid

32. What does the umbilical vein become
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ductus venosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles

33. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
The contraction phase of the heart
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

34. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Generator and electrode
Ventricles

35. What is the location of the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae
Water
Mitral valve
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

36. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Localized narrowing of the aorta
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

37. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

38. What is the bundle of his
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Pericardial fluid
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ligamentum venosum

39. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles

40. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ligamentum venosum
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

41. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Right atrium or venae cavae
Generator and electrode
72 bpm

42. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Generator and electrode
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

43. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ligamentum venosum
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricles

44. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
72 bpm
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Upper chambers - atria

45. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
There are 4
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

46. What arteries supply the heart
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Generator and electrode
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

47. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

48. What are cyanotic defects
The relaxation phase of the heart
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta

49. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

50. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
The contraction phase of the heart
Upper chambers - atria
The relaxation phase of the heart
Chordae tendineae