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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Where does the coronary artery arise
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
From the ascending aorta
The contraction phase of the heart
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

2. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Atria
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

3. What is the name for the lower chambers
Pericardial fluid
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Generator and electrode
Ventricles

4. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
72 bpm
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

5. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The contraction phase of the heart
72 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

6. what vessels are used for CPBG
Atria
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Before the third week of gestation

7. What is the rastelli procedure
A single artery arising from both ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

8. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Generator and electrode
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Disease of the heart muscle

9. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Lower chambers - ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

10. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Lower chambers - ventricles

11. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Right atrium or venae cavae
There are 4

12. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Atria
A single artery arising from both ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

13. What is tricuspid atresia
Ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

14. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Generator and electrode

15. What is cardiomyopathy
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Disease of the heart muscle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

16. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Sternal notch
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
72 bpm

17. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ductus venosus
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

18. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

19. What are acyanotic defects
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Localized narrowing of the aorta
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

20. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ligamentum venosum
Before the third week of gestation

21. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Ductus venosus
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Mitral valve
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

22. What is a ventricular septal defect
Ductus venosus
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Sternal notch

23. What are non-sterile procedures
Mitral valve
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Sternal notch
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

24. What is an atrial septal defect
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

25. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Generator and electrode
Before the third week of gestation
Mechanical or biologic
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

26. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
The relaxation phase of the heart
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

27. What are cyanotic defects
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

28. What is the circulation through the heart
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

29. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

30. which chambers receive blood from the veins
72 bpm
Mechanical or biologic
Upper chambers - atria
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

31. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
There are 4
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

32. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Upper chambers - atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

33. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Generator and electrode
Chordae tendineae
Ductus venosus
Done on the aerodigestive tract

34. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ductus venosus
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

35. What are the layers of the heart
Ductus venosus
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

36. What is pulmonary stenosis
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Before the third week of gestation
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

37. What is cardiac tamponade
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Before the third week of gestation
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

38. What is bradycardia
4
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Done on the aerodigestive tract

39. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ligamentum venosum
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

40. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Chordae tendineae

41. What is the location of the heart
Ligamentum venosum
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

42. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Atria
Lower chambers - ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Right atrium or venae cavae

43. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Generator and electrode
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

44. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ligamentum venosum

45. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
Chordae tendineae
The relaxation phase of the heart
Sternal notch

46. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

47. When does development of the heart begin
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Before the third week of gestation
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles

48. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
72 bpm

49. What is diastole
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The relaxation phase of the heart
Atria

50. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Pericardial fluid
There are 4