Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How many pulmonary veins are there
72 bpm
There are 4
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

2. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ligamentum venosum
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

3. What is coarctation of the aorta
Sternal notch
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

4. What is the most common chest deformity
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

5. What is systole
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The contraction phase of the heart
Lower chambers - ventricles
Atria

6. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Chordae tendineae

7. what solution is NOT used during CPB
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Atria
Water
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

8. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Disease of the heart muscle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

9. what vessels are used for CPBG
Mechanical or biologic
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Before the third week of gestation

10. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Mechanical or biologic
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Sternal notch
Ligamentum venosum

11. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
72 bpm

12. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Sternal notch
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Upper chambers - atria
Ligamentum venosum

13. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Sternal notch
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
The contraction phase of the heart

14. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae
Disease of the heart muscle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

15. What is tricuspid atresia
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ligamentum venosum
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

16. What is pulmonary stenosis
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

17. What is diastole
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The relaxation phase of the heart
Disease of the heart muscle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

18. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Lower chambers - ventricles
Upper chambers - atria
Mechanical or biologic

19. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ligamentum venosum
Mechanical or biologic

20. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
A single artery arising from both ventricles

21. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Water
4
Ligamentum venosum
Mechanical or biologic

22. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Water
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

23. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Water

24. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

25. What is bradycardia
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Disease of the heart muscle
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

26. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Upper chambers - atria
Generator and electrode
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

27. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Mechanical or biologic
Right atrium or venae cavae

28. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

29. What is an atrial septal defect
Chordae tendineae
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The contraction phase of the heart

30. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
72 bpm
Generator and electrode
Pericardial fluid
Chordae tendineae

31. When does development of the heart begin
The relaxation phase of the heart
Before the third week of gestation
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

32. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Right atrium or venae cavae
Pericardial fluid

33. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
Ligamentum venosum
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

34. What does the cardiac cycle include
Mechanical or biologic
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
4

35. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

36. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

37. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Right atrium or venae cavae

38. What are acyanotic defects
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

39. What are the layers of the heart
Atria
Water
Before the third week of gestation
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

40. What does the umbilical vein become
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ductus venosus

41. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Mechanical or biologic
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
From the ascending aorta
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

42. What is cardiac tamponade
Ligamentum venosum
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

43. What is the location of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
There are 4
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

44. what covers the heart
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

45. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The contraction phase of the heart
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

46. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

47. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Sternal notch
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

48. How many chambers in the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Generator and electrode
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
4

49. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

50. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Mitral valve
From the ascending aorta