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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

2. What does the umbilical vein become
Pericardial fluid
Ductus venosus
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Chordae tendineae

3. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
72 bpm

4. How many pulmonary veins are there
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
There are 4
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

5. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ligamentum venosum

6. When does development of the heart begin
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Water
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Before the third week of gestation

7. What are the layers of the heart
Mitral valve
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
The relaxation phase of the heart
The contraction phase of the heart

8. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Chordae tendineae

9. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Right atrium or venae cavae
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

10. what vessels are used for CPBG
The relaxation phase of the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Chordae tendineae

11. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Disease of the heart muscle
Done on the aerodigestive tract

12. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Disease of the heart muscle

13. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Mitral valve
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

14. What is the rastelli procedure
From the ascending aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Before the third week of gestation

15. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ligamentum venosum
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

16. What is diastole
4
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
Before the third week of gestation

17. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Pericardial fluid
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
72 bpm
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

18. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

19. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Generator and electrode
Chordae tendineae
72 bpm

20. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
There are 4

21. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Localized narrowing of the aorta
4
The relaxation phase of the heart
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

22. What is the name for the lower chambers
Disease of the heart muscle
Ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

23. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

24. What is the name for the upper chambers
Water
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Atria

25. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Before the third week of gestation
4

26. What is cardiac tamponade
Sternal notch
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ligamentum venosum
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

27. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
From the ascending aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

28. What arteries supply the heart
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

29. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Generator and electrode
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Pericardial fluid

30. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Mechanical or biologic

31. What is the bundle of his
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Atria
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

32. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Mitral valve
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

33. How many chambers in the heart
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Mechanical or biologic
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
4

34. What is the location of the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
The relaxation phase of the heart
4

35. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
72 bpm
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

36. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

37. What is bradycardia
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Sternal notch

38. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Upper chambers - atria
72 bpm
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

39. What are non-sterile procedures
Ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

40. What is systole
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
The contraction phase of the heart
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Disease of the heart muscle

41. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

42. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Generator and electrode
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

43. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
The contraction phase of the heart
Mechanical or biologic

44. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Mechanical or biologic

45. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Water
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Right atrium or venae cavae

46. What are cyanotic defects
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

47. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Sternal notch

48. What is an atrial septal defect
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract

49. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Mitral valve
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

50. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
The relaxation phase of the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity