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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Mitral valve
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

2. What does the cardiac cycle include
Before the third week of gestation
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
From the ascending aorta

3. What is cardiomyopathy
Ductus venosus
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Disease of the heart muscle
Ligamentum venosum

4. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Atria
4
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

5. what solution is NOT used during CPB
The relaxation phase of the heart
Water
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

6. What are the layers of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
The contraction phase of the heart
Water
Lower chambers - ventricles

7. What is tricuspid atresia
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
The relaxation phase of the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

8. What are cyanotic defects
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

9. What is coarctation of the aorta
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Done on the aerodigestive tract

10. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Sternal notch

11. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ligamentum venosum
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

12. What is the location of the heart
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

13. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Before the third week of gestation
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

14. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Chordae tendineae
Water
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

15. How many chambers in the heart
72 bpm
4
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

16. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
The relaxation phase of the heart

17. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

18. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Sternal notch
Atria
From the ascending aorta

19. Where does the coronary artery arise
Right atrium or venae cavae
From the ascending aorta
Ductus venosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

20. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Generator and electrode

21. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

22. What is cardiac tamponade
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Mechanical or biologic
Ligamentum venosum

23. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
From the ascending aorta
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

24. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
There are 4
Water
The contraction phase of the heart

25. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
The contraction phase of the heart
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
From the ascending aorta

26. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
There are 4
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

27. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Mechanical or biologic
Ventricles
Before the third week of gestation

28. What is the name for the upper chambers
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Atria

29. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

30. What are acyanotic defects
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Upper chambers - atria
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

31. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

32. what vessels are used for CPBG
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

33. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
There are 4
Mitral valve
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

34. What is an atrial septal defect
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Before the third week of gestation
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

35. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
From the ascending aorta
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

36. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Generator and electrode
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

37. What are non-sterile procedures
Atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

38. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Lower chambers - ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

39. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The relaxation phase of the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Right atrium or venae cavae

40. What is the bundle of his
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart
A single artery arising from both ventricles

41. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ventricles
Pericardial fluid
There are 4

42. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Ventricles
Mitral valve
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

43. How many pulmonary veins are there
Mechanical or biologic
There are 4
Generator and electrode
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

44. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
The contraction phase of the heart
Upper chambers - atria
72 bpm
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

45. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

46. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
From the ascending aorta
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ductus venosus

47. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Pericardial fluid

48. What is bradycardia
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
72 bpm
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

49. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Generator and electrode
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

50. What is a ventricular septal defect
Generator and electrode
4
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles