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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
Water
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

2. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Localized narrowing of the aorta

3. What is an atrial septal defect
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Disease of the heart muscle
Generator and electrode
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

4. What does the cardiac cycle include
Sternal notch
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Pericardial fluid
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

5. Where does the coronary artery arise
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
From the ascending aorta

6. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Mechanical or biologic
Pericardial fluid
Upper chambers - atria

7. What is bradycardia
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Generator and electrode
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

8. What is the bundle of his
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
The relaxation phase of the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

9. What is tricuspid atresia
Ligamentum venosum
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Sternal notch

10. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Mechanical or biologic
Upper chambers - atria

11. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Chordae tendineae
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

12. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Right atrium or venae cavae

13. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

14. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Pericardial fluid
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Sternal notch
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

15. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ductus venosus
Pericardial fluid

16. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
There are 4
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

17. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
A single artery arising from both ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

18. What is the circulation through the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

19. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Chordae tendineae

20. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Atria
Water
Upper chambers - atria
A single artery arising from both ventricles

21. How many chambers in the heart
4
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

22. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Mitral valve
Water
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

23. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ligamentum venosum

24. What is the name for the lower chambers
Upper chambers - atria
Ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
Pericardial fluid

25. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

26. What is a ventricular septal defect
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ligamentum venosum
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

27. What does the umbilical vein become
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ductus venosus

28. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
72 bpm
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

29. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ductus venosus
Sternal notch
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

30. What is coarctation of the aorta
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Sternal notch
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Localized narrowing of the aorta

31. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ligamentum venosum
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ventricles

32. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
From the ascending aorta

33. What is cardiomyopathy
The contraction phase of the heart
Disease of the heart muscle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

34. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Mitral valve
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
4
Generator and electrode

35. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Right atrium or venae cavae
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

36. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

37. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Chordae tendineae
Before the third week of gestation
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

38. What are the layers of the heart
Mitral valve
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
72 bpm

39. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Disease of the heart muscle
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

40. What is pulmonary stenosis
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Mechanical or biologic
Before the third week of gestation
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

41. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
The contraction phase of the heart
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

42. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
The contraction phase of the heart
Chordae tendineae
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

43. What is the location of the heart
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Water
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

44. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Right atrium or venae cavae
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
72 bpm

45. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
From the ascending aorta

46. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Disease of the heart muscle

47. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
From the ascending aorta
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

48. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
From the ascending aorta
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

49. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
72 bpm
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

50. What is the name for the upper chambers
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Atria