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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the layers of the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
4
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

2. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Before the third week of gestation
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

3. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
4
Mitral valve

4. What is the circulation through the heart
Disease of the heart muscle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

5. What is the rastelli procedure
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Pericardial fluid

6. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract

7. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Atria
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

8. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
The contraction phase of the heart

9. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ligamentum venosum

10. Where does the coronary artery arise
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
From the ascending aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

11. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Water
Lower chambers - ventricles

12. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Pericardial fluid
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Mitral valve

13. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

14. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
72 bpm

15. What is diastole
Ductus venosus
The relaxation phase of the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

16. What arteries supply the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Atria
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

17. What is the name for the upper chambers
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Atria

18. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Before the third week of gestation
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

19. What does the umbilical vein become
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ductus venosus
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

20. What is a ventricular septal defect
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Sternal notch
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

21. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Upper chambers - atria
4
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

22. what vessels are used for CPBG
Ductus venosus
Generator and electrode
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

23. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Disease of the heart muscle
Upper chambers - atria
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

24. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
From the ascending aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

25. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Pericardial fluid
Ductus venosus

26. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Disease of the heart muscle
Generator and electrode
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
There are 4

27. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

28. What are acyanotic defects
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

29. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
Chordae tendineae
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

30. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

31. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Disease of the heart muscle

32. what covers the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

33. What does the cardiac cycle include
Mitral valve
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ligamentum venosum
Upper chambers - atria

34. How many chambers in the heart
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
4

35. What are cyanotic defects
4
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta

36. What is tricuspid atresia
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Upper chambers - atria

37. What is systole
Pericardial fluid
Generator and electrode
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart

38. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ligamentum venosum

39. When does development of the heart begin
From the ascending aorta
Chordae tendineae
Before the third week of gestation
Atria

40. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
There are 4
Pericardial fluid
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

41. What is coarctation of the aorta
The contraction phase of the heart
4
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

42. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Disease of the heart muscle
Mechanical or biologic
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

43. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
From the ascending aorta
4

44. How many pulmonary veins are there
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Localized narrowing of the aorta
There are 4

45. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
There are 4

46. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Before the third week of gestation
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

47. What is bradycardia
Done on the aerodigestive tract
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Pericardial fluid

48. What is pulmonary stenosis
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Mechanical or biologic

49. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Sternal notch
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

50. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle