Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Chordae tendineae

2. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Chordae tendineae
72 bpm

3. What is a ventricular septal defect
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Atria
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

4. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

5. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

6. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
4
The contraction phase of the heart
A single artery arising from both ventricles

7. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
Upper chambers - atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Generator and electrode

8. What is pulmonary stenosis
Upper chambers - atria
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

9. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

10. What are the layers of the heart
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

11. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

12. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Upper chambers - atria
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
4

13. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Ductus venosus
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Water
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

14. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
There are 4
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

15. What is systole
Atria
The contraction phase of the heart
Chordae tendineae
Ductus venosus

16. Where does the coronary artery arise
Water
From the ascending aorta
Sternal notch
Mitral valve

17. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Pericardial fluid
Atria
Mechanical or biologic

18. what covers the heart
Ductus venosus
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Before the third week of gestation

19. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Generator and electrode

20. What is cardiac tamponade
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

21. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ligamentum venosum
Before the third week of gestation
Chordae tendineae

22. What is tricuspid atresia
Lower chambers - ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

23. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Mitral valve
There are 4

24. What is the most common chest deformity
From the ascending aorta
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Disease of the heart muscle

25. What are cyanotic defects
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

26. What is the circulation through the heart
Ductus venosus
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Chordae tendineae

27. How many chambers in the heart
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
4
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Atria

28. What is cardiomyopathy
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Disease of the heart muscle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

29. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Atria

30. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
The contraction phase of the heart
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Done on the aerodigestive tract

31. What arteries supply the heart
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

32. What is bradycardia
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Right atrium or venae cavae
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Pericardial fluid

33. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
Mitral valve
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Done on the aerodigestive tract

34. Where is the tricuspid valve located
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

35. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Water
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

36. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ligamentum venosum
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

37. What is diastole
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Mechanical or biologic
The relaxation phase of the heart

38. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
There are 4
From the ascending aorta
Ventricles

39. What is the rastelli procedure
Sternal notch
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

40. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Sternal notch
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

41. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Right atrium or venae cavae
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Pericardial fluid

42. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Ductus venosus
Done on the aerodigestive tract
From the ascending aorta
Sternal notch

43. When does development of the heart begin
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Mitral valve
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Before the third week of gestation

44. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Before the third week of gestation
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Pericardial fluid

45. What is the name for the upper chambers
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Atria

46. What are non-sterile procedures
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract

47. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Mitral valve
Upper chambers - atria

48. How many pulmonary veins are there
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
There are 4
Ligamentum venosum

49. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Localized narrowing of the aorta
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
The relaxation phase of the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

50. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Mechanical or biologic
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator