Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Mechanical or biologic
Generator and electrode
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

2. What is the circulation through the heart
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Mitral valve

3. What are cyanotic defects
Mechanical or biologic
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The relaxation phase of the heart
A single artery arising from both ventricles

4. What is the most common chest deformity
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Atria
Pericardial fluid

5. What is diastole
Mechanical or biologic
Chordae tendineae
The relaxation phase of the heart
A single artery arising from both ventricles

6. What is the name for the upper chambers
72 bpm
The relaxation phase of the heart
Atria
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

7. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Atria
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract

8. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

9. What is pulmonary stenosis
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Water
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

10. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Mitral valve
Lower chambers - ventricles

11. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ventricles
72 bpm
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

12. When does development of the heart begin
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Before the third week of gestation
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

13. What is the location of the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

14. What are non-sterile procedures
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Lower chambers - ventricles
Atria

15. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
From the ascending aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

16. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Sternal notch
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Chordae tendineae
Generator and electrode

17. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Mechanical or biologic
Mitral valve

18. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
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Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

19. What are acyanotic defects
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Localized narrowing of the aorta

20. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Pericardial fluid

21. What is the name for the lower chambers
72 bpm
Generator and electrode
Ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

22. What is bradycardia
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae
Chordae tendineae
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

23. What arteries supply the heart
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Sternal notch
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

24. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

25. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Chordae tendineae
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

26. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
Ductus venosus
The relaxation phase of the heart
There are 4

27. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
There are 4
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

28. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
There are 4

29. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Before the third week of gestation
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

30. What is coarctation of the aorta
The contraction phase of the heart
From the ascending aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

31. What is an atrial septal defect
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Upper chambers - atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

32. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Mitral valve
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

33. What is a ventricular septal defect
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Right atrium or venae cavae
From the ascending aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

34. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Ductus venosus
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Disease of the heart muscle
Water

35. What are the layers of the heart
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
The relaxation phase of the heart

36. What is cardiomyopathy
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Disease of the heart muscle
Before the third week of gestation
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

37. Where is the bicuspid valve located
From the ascending aorta
Ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ductus venosus

38. What is cardiac tamponade
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

39. What is tricuspid atresia
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Localized narrowing of the aorta
The contraction phase of the heart

40. How many pulmonary veins are there
A single artery arising from both ventricles
There are 4
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Lower chambers - ventricles

41. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

42. what vessels are used for CPBG
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
The contraction phase of the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

43. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
From the ascending aorta
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

44. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

45. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Generator and electrode
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae

46. what covers the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

47. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

48. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ductus venosus

49. What does the cardiac cycle include
The contraction phase of the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

50. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
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