Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Sternal notch
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

2. What is the circulation through the heart
Before the third week of gestation
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
There are 4
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

3. What is the name for the lower chambers
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae

4. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Water
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

5. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

6. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
72 bpm
There are 4
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

7. What is the rastelli procedure
Ductus venosus
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

8. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
4
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

9. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Upper chambers - atria

10. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ductus venosus
Water
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

11. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Mechanical or biologic
The contraction phase of the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

12. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Sternal notch
Ligamentum venosum
Before the third week of gestation

13. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Disease of the heart muscle
Mechanical or biologic
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

14. What are cyanotic defects
Disease of the heart muscle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Mechanical or biologic
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

15. How many chambers in the heart
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
4
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

16. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
There are 4
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Pericardial fluid

17. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
There are 4
Chordae tendineae
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

18. What is the name for the upper chambers
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

19. What is diastole
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
Upper chambers - atria
Ductus venosus

20. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Ventricles
From the ascending aorta
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Generator and electrode

21. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Upper chambers - atria

22. What is cardiac tamponade
Upper chambers - atria
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

23. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

24. What does the umbilical vein become
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ductus venosus
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

25. What is an atrial septal defect
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

26. What are acyanotic defects
Mechanical or biologic
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Before the third week of gestation
Disease of the heart muscle

27. What is the location of the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
72 bpm
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

28. What is pulmonary stenosis
Lower chambers - ventricles
Atria
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
The contraction phase of the heart

29. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Mitral valve
There are 4

30. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
4
Ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Sternal notch

31. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

32. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ligamentum venosum
There are 4
4

33. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
The contraction phase of the heart
From the ascending aorta
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

34. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

35. What are the layers of the heart
Disease of the heart muscle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
72 bpm
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

36. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Sternal notch
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
From the ascending aorta

37. what vessels are used for CPBG
There are 4
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Atria

38. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
4
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

39. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
There are 4
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

40. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ligamentum venosum

41. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Right atrium or venae cavae
Generator and electrode
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

42. What is cardiomyopathy
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Disease of the heart muscle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

43. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
The relaxation phase of the heart
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

44. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
A single artery arising from both ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

45. What does the cardiac cycle include
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Sternal notch

46. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

47. What is tricuspid atresia
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Atria

48. What are non-sterile procedures
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ductus venosus
Atria

49. What is the most common chest deformity
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

50. What arteries supply the heart
From the ascending aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ductus venosus