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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
72 bpm

2. What arteries supply the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Water
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

3. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Right atrium or venae cavae

4. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
A single artery arising from both ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta

5. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Mitral valve

6. What are acyanotic defects
Sternal notch
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
A single artery arising from both ventricles

7. What is the location of the heart
Ligamentum venosum
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Chordae tendineae

8. What is the rastelli procedure
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

9. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Mitral valve
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

10. what solution is NOT used during CPB
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Water

11. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
72 bpm
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

12. what covers the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
4

13. What does the cardiac cycle include
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
The contraction phase of the heart

14. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
A single artery arising from both ventricles

15. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Done on the aerodigestive tract

16. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Pericardial fluid
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The relaxation phase of the heart
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

17. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Upper chambers - atria
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

18. What is the bundle of his
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
From the ascending aorta
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

19. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
4
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Generator and electrode
The contraction phase of the heart

20. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Mechanical or biologic

21. What are the layers of the heart
A single artery arising from both ventricles
4
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

22. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Atria
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Before the third week of gestation

23. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ductus venosus
Mechanical or biologic

24. What is a ventricular septal defect
Lower chambers - ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ductus venosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

25. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
The contraction phase of the heart

26. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

27. What is bradycardia
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
From the ascending aorta

28. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
From the ascending aorta
There are 4
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

29. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Mitral valve
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

30. what vessels are used for CPBG
Mechanical or biologic
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

31. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
72 bpm
Chordae tendineae
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

32. Where does the coronary artery arise
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
From the ascending aorta
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

33. When does development of the heart begin
There are 4
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Before the third week of gestation
Done on the aerodigestive tract

34. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Right atrium or venae cavae
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
A single artery arising from both ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

35. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Generator and electrode
Mitral valve

36. What is coarctation of the aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Right atrium or venae cavae
Localized narrowing of the aorta

37. What is systole
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Upper chambers - atria
The contraction phase of the heart
A single artery arising from both ventricles

38. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
72 bpm
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

39. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

40. What does the umbilical vein become
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Upper chambers - atria
Ductus venosus
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

41. What are non-sterile procedures
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ductus venosus

42. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
From the ascending aorta
Ligamentum venosum
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ventricles

43. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
The contraction phase of the heart
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

44. What is cardiomyopathy
The contraction phase of the heart
Ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

45. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Mitral valve
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

46. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Mitral valve
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

47. What is an atrial septal defect
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

48. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Mechanical or biologic
Right atrium or venae cavae
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

49. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

50. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Upper chambers - atria
Chordae tendineae
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle