Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. what vessels are used for CPBG
From the ascending aorta
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ductus venosus
There are 4

2. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
Generator and electrode
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

3. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Mitral valve
From the ascending aorta
Ventricles

4. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Generator and electrode

5. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

6. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Chordae tendineae
Mitral valve
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

7. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Disease of the heart muscle
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Pericardial fluid

8. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Mechanical or biologic
Sternal notch
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

9. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
The contraction phase of the heart
Ligamentum venosum
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

10. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Upper chambers - atria
72 bpm
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

11. What are the layers of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Water
Done on the aerodigestive tract

12. What is a ventricular septal defect
A single artery arising from both ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart

13. Where does the coronary artery arise
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Chordae tendineae
From the ascending aorta

14. What is the location of the heart
Ventricles
Before the third week of gestation
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

15. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Pericardial fluid
Ductus venosus
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

16. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
There are 4
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

17. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Mechanical or biologic
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Sternal notch

18. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
72 bpm
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

19. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Mitral valve

20. What is the bundle of his
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Before the third week of gestation
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

21. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Sternal notch
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ductus venosus
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

22. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
Ligamentum venosum
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

23. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
The relaxation phase of the heart

24. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

25. What is the most common chest deformity
Generator and electrode
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

26. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Mechanical or biologic
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Generator and electrode
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

27. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta

28. What is an atrial septal defect
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Mechanical or biologic
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

29. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Lower chambers - ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

30. What is coarctation of the aorta
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

31. What is the name for the lower chambers
Sternal notch
Ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

32. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

33. How many chambers in the heart
4
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

34. What is systole
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
From the ascending aorta
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
The contraction phase of the heart

35. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Upper chambers - atria

36. What is the circulation through the heart
Disease of the heart muscle
Right atrium or venae cavae
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Atria

37. What is diastole
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The relaxation phase of the heart
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

38. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

39. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

40. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
4
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

41. What are acyanotic defects
Water
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

42. What is the rastelli procedure
The contraction phase of the heart
72 bpm
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Atria

43. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Mechanical or biologic

44. What is cardiomyopathy
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Disease of the heart muscle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
4

45. What are non-sterile procedures
72 bpm
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Done on the aerodigestive tract

46. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
Mechanical or biologic
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ligamentum venosum

47. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Water
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

48. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Generator and electrode
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

49. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ductus venosus
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Water

50. What are cyanotic defects
The relaxation phase of the heart
Chordae tendineae
Pericardial fluid
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus