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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Before the third week of gestation
Chordae tendineae
Right atrium or venae cavae

2. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ligamentum venosum

3. What is systole
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
There are 4
Water
The contraction phase of the heart

4. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

5. Where does the coronary artery arise
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
From the ascending aorta
The contraction phase of the heart
Sternal notch

6. What is cardiac tamponade
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

7. What are non-sterile procedures
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Generator and electrode
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

8. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

9. What arteries supply the heart
Ligamentum venosum
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

10. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ligamentum venosum
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Mechanical or biologic

11. What is the location of the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

12. What is the name for the lower chambers
Done on the aerodigestive tract
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ventricles

13. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Atria
Ligamentum venosum
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Water

14. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ventricles
Water
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

15. What does the umbilical vein become
There are 4
Ductus venosus
Water
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

16. What is bradycardia
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ligamentum venosum

17. How many chambers in the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
A single artery arising from both ventricles
4
Disease of the heart muscle

18. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
The contraction phase of the heart
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

19. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Water
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ligamentum venosum

20. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

21. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Upper chambers - atria
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

22. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Mechanical or biologic
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

23. What are the layers of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Upper chambers - atria

24. How many pulmonary veins are there
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
There are 4
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Right atrium or venae cavae

25. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Sternal notch
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Chordae tendineae

26. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
Before the third week of gestation
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

27. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Upper chambers - atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

28. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
There are 4
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

29. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Ligamentum venosum
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

30. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

31. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Right atrium or venae cavae
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

32. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Water

33. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Pericardial fluid

34. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Mechanical or biologic

35. What is an atrial septal defect
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Generator and electrode

36. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
4
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

37. What is the rastelli procedure
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Disease of the heart muscle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

38. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Pericardial fluid
A single artery arising from both ventricles

39. What is pulmonary stenosis
The contraction phase of the heart
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

40. When does development of the heart begin
Ligamentum venosum
There are 4
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Before the third week of gestation

41. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Sternal notch

42. What is diastole
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

43. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Water
From the ascending aorta
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

44. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

45. What are acyanotic defects
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Sternal notch
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

46. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Disease of the heart muscle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

47. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Upper chambers - atria
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
4

48. What is the most common chest deformity
Right atrium or venae cavae
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Chordae tendineae

49. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Atria
Generator and electrode
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

50. What is the circulation through the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
There are 4
From the ascending aorta