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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Disease of the heart muscle

2. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Generator and electrode
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

3. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

4. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Mitral valve
Before the third week of gestation
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles

5. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Water

6. What is cardiac tamponade
Mechanical or biologic
Ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

7. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Pericardial fluid
Atria

8. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Lower chambers - ventricles

9. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
The contraction phase of the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
72 bpm
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

10. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Right atrium or venae cavae
Chordae tendineae
Upper chambers - atria
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

11. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Sternal notch
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles

12. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
The contraction phase of the heart
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

13. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Mitral valve
Generator and electrode

14. What is bradycardia
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Chordae tendineae
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

15. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Water
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

16. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

17. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

18. What are the layers of the heart
Pericardial fluid
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
There are 4
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

19. What are cyanotic defects
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

20. When does development of the heart begin
Mechanical or biologic
Pericardial fluid
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Before the third week of gestation

21. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

22. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Mitral valve
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Sternal notch

23. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Disease of the heart muscle
Upper chambers - atria
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

24. What is tricuspid atresia
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Sternal notch
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

25. What does the umbilical vein become
4
Chordae tendineae
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ductus venosus

26. What is cardiomyopathy
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Disease of the heart muscle

27. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Mitral valve
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

28. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Water
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Localized narrowing of the aorta
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

29. What is systole
Pericardial fluid
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Before the third week of gestation
The contraction phase of the heart

30. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

31. what solution is NOT used during CPB
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Water
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
72 bpm

32. What is a ventricular septal defect
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

33. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

34. What is the name for the lower chambers
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
4
Ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

35. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Water
Generator and electrode
Ligamentum venosum
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

36. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
Ductus venosus
From the ascending aorta
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

37. What is an atrial septal defect
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

38. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Generator and electrode

39. What are non-sterile procedures
Water
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Done on the aerodigestive tract

40. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Water
Upper chambers - atria

41. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

42. How many chambers in the heart
From the ascending aorta
4
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

43. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
4
The contraction phase of the heart
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

44. What is the name for the upper chambers
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Atria
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

45. What are acyanotic defects
4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
From the ascending aorta

46. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Mechanical or biologic
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

47. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Atria
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Right atrium or venae cavae

48. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
From the ascending aorta
The relaxation phase of the heart
Generator and electrode
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

49. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ductus venosus
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

50. What is the rastelli procedure
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
From the ascending aorta
Atria