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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the layers of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Done on the aerodigestive tract

2. What is a ventricular septal defect
Localized narrowing of the aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

3. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ductus venosus
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

4. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Water
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Before the third week of gestation

5. How many pulmonary veins are there
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
There are 4
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Localized narrowing of the aorta

6. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
The relaxation phase of the heart
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ductus venosus

7. What is the most common chest deformity
Atria
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Localized narrowing of the aorta

8. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Lower chambers - ventricles
Upper chambers - atria
Disease of the heart muscle
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

9. What is cardiac tamponade
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Upper chambers - atria
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

10. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Chordae tendineae
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

11. What is bradycardia
There are 4
4
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Mitral valve

12. What does the umbilical vein become
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ductus venosus
Lower chambers - ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

13. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Mechanical or biologic
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Upper chambers - atria

14. What are non-sterile procedures
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

15. What is the bundle of his
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart

16. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Right atrium or venae cavae
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles

17. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
The contraction phase of the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

18. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Mechanical or biologic
Pericardial fluid
Sternal notch

19. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Disease of the heart muscle

20. What are cyanotic defects
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

21. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Mechanical or biologic
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ductus venosus
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

22. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Lower chambers - ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

23. How many chambers in the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
A single artery arising from both ventricles
4

24. What arteries supply the heart
Generator and electrode
Before the third week of gestation
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles

25. what covers the heart
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
There are 4
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

26. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Generator and electrode
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ligamentum venosum

27. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Generator and electrode
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

28. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
From the ascending aorta
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Generator and electrode
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

29. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Right atrium or venae cavae
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

30. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Atria

31. What is an atrial septal defect
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

32. What is pulmonary stenosis
There are 4
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

33. What is tricuspid atresia
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Before the third week of gestation
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

34. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
4
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Upper chambers - atria

35. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Mitral valve
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

36. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
The contraction phase of the heart
Before the third week of gestation
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Atria

37. What is coarctation of the aorta
The relaxation phase of the heart
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

38. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

39. What is diastole
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Before the third week of gestation
A single artery arising from both ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart

40. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Atria

41. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Right atrium or venae cavae
Mechanical or biologic

42. Where does the coronary artery arise
The relaxation phase of the heart
Mechanical or biologic
From the ascending aorta
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

43. what vessels are used for CPBG
Sternal notch
Mechanical or biologic
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae

44. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
From the ascending aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

45. Where is the bicuspid valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

46. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Lower chambers - ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

47. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Generator and electrode
Chordae tendineae
Ductus venosus
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

48. which chambers receive blood from the veins
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Upper chambers - atria
Mechanical or biologic

49. What is the rastelli procedure
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Upper chambers - atria
Lower chambers - ventricles

50. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
Ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium