Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What arteries supply the heart
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Mechanical or biologic
The relaxation phase of the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

2. What is the circulation through the heart
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Disease of the heart muscle

3. Where does the coronary artery arise
4
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Pericardial fluid
From the ascending aorta

4. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Upper chambers - atria
Chordae tendineae

5. What is an atrial septal defect
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Disease of the heart muscle
Pericardial fluid

6. What does the cardiac cycle include
Lower chambers - ventricles
Generator and electrode
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

7. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Lower chambers - ventricles

8. What is tricuspid atresia
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Lower chambers - ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

9. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The contraction phase of the heart

10. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
From the ascending aorta
Mechanical or biologic

11. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
72 bpm
Sternal notch

12. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Lower chambers - ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

13. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Sternal notch
Pericardial fluid
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

14. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Atria
Mechanical or biologic

15. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
There are 4
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

16. What is cardiac tamponade
From the ascending aorta
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Generator and electrode
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

17. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Mechanical or biologic
72 bpm

18. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Chordae tendineae
From the ascending aorta

19. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Right atrium or venae cavae
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
A single artery arising from both ventricles
From the ascending aorta

20. What is cardiomyopathy
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

21. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Pericardial fluid
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
72 bpm
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

22. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

23. What is the rastelli procedure
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

24. what vessels are used for CPBG
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

25. what covers the heart
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

26. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Lower chambers - ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricles

27. What is the bundle of his
Sternal notch
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

28. What is diastole
4
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart

29. How many chambers in the heart
Sternal notch
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
4

30. What is a ventricular septal defect
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

31. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Mitral valve
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

32. What is systole
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Water
The contraction phase of the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae

33. How many pulmonary veins are there
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
There are 4
Mitral valve
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

34. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Disease of the heart muscle
From the ascending aorta
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

35. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Mechanical or biologic
Sternal notch
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

36. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Upper chambers - atria
Ligamentum venosum

37. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ductus venosus

38. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
The contraction phase of the heart
Atria
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

39. Where is the bicuspid valve located
There are 4
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Mitral valve

40. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Water
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles

41. What is bradycardia
Lower chambers - ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

42. When does development of the heart begin
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ligamentum venosum
Before the third week of gestation
Mechanical or biologic

43. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

44. What is the name for the upper chambers
Mitral valve
Atria
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

45. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Upper chambers - atria

46. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
4
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ventricles

47. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
From the ascending aorta
Water
Atria

48. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

49. What are the layers of the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Chordae tendineae
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

50. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle