Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Upper chambers - atria

2. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Before the third week of gestation
Generator and electrode
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

3. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

4. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Upper chambers - atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Chordae tendineae
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

5. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Water
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ventricles
Mechanical or biologic

6. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

7. What is an atrial septal defect
Right atrium or venae cavae
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

8. what vessels are used for CPBG
Atria
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

9. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ventricles
Ligamentum venosum

10. What are acyanotic defects
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Upper chambers - atria
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

11. How many pulmonary veins are there
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
There are 4
72 bpm
Before the third week of gestation

12. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

13. What is the bundle of his
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

14. What is cardiomyopathy
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Disease of the heart muscle
4
72 bpm

15. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
72 bpm
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

16. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Generator and electrode
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

17. what covers the heart
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

18. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Water
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ligamentum venosum

19. What is coarctation of the aorta
There are 4
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

20. Where is the bicuspid valve located
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ductus venosus

21. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Upper chambers - atria
Lower chambers - ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

22. What is bradycardia
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

23. What is diastole
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
The relaxation phase of the heart
Sternal notch

24. What does the umbilical vein become
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Water
Sternal notch
Ductus venosus

25. What is tricuspid atresia
From the ascending aorta
Mitral valve
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

26. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

27. What is the name for the upper chambers
Sternal notch
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Atria

28. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Mitral valve

29. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
4
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Right atrium or venae cavae

30. What are cyanotic defects
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

31. When does development of the heart begin
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
There are 4
Disease of the heart muscle
Before the third week of gestation

32. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
72 bpm
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
The contraction phase of the heart

33. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Mechanical or biologic
Lower chambers - ventricles

34. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
72 bpm
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

35. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

36. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Upper chambers - atria

37. Where does the coronary artery arise
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
4
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
From the ascending aorta

38. What does the cardiac cycle include
Pericardial fluid
Before the third week of gestation
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

39. What is the rastelli procedure
Lower chambers - ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
The contraction phase of the heart

40. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ventricles
Sternal notch

41. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

42. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Atria
Lower chambers - ventricles

43. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
There are 4
The contraction phase of the heart
72 bpm
A single artery arising from both ventricles

44. What is the circulation through the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

45. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Lower chambers - ventricles
72 bpm
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles

46. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae

47. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Chordae tendineae

48. What arteries supply the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

49. How many chambers in the heart
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Sternal notch
4

50. What is the location of the heart
Upper chambers - atria
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Atria