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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are cyanotic defects
Ductus venosus
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The relaxation phase of the heart
Before the third week of gestation

2. What is pulmonary stenosis
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Generator and electrode
There are 4
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

3. How many chambers in the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
4
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

4. What is the bundle of his
Lower chambers - ventricles
There are 4
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

5. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Pericardial fluid
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
From the ascending aorta

6. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ductus venosus
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

7. What is a ventricular septal defect
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
72 bpm
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

8. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Chordae tendineae
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

9. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
72 bpm

10. How many pulmonary veins are there
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Water
There are 4
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

11. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Lower chambers - ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ventricles

12. What are acyanotic defects
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

13. what vessels are used for CPBG
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

14. What are the layers of the heart
Generator and electrode
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

15. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
72 bpm
The relaxation phase of the heart
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Chordae tendineae

16. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Upper chambers - atria

17. When does development of the heart begin
Pericardial fluid
Ventricles
4
Before the third week of gestation

18. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Atria
Right atrium or venae cavae
Sternal notch

19. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Water
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles

20. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

21. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Upper chambers - atria
Mechanical or biologic
Generator and electrode

22. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Mitral valve
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

23. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Lower chambers - ventricles

24. What is an atrial septal defect
Upper chambers - atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

25. What is the name for the upper chambers
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Atria
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ductus venosus

26. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

27. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Water
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

28. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Chordae tendineae
Localized narrowing of the aorta
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

29. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

30. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Ductus venosus
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Before the third week of gestation
Water

31. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ligamentum venosum

32. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Done on the aerodigestive tract
There are 4
Mechanical or biologic

33. What does the umbilical vein become
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ductus venosus
Ventricles

34. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Upper chambers - atria
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

35. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
72 bpm
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Atria

36. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
There are 4
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
72 bpm

37. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Mitral valve
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

38. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

39. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

40. What is cardiomyopathy
Upper chambers - atria
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
72 bpm
Disease of the heart muscle

41. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

42. what covers the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ligamentum venosum
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

43. What is bradycardia
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ductus venosus
Mechanical or biologic
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

44. Where is the tricuspid valve located
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Localized narrowing of the aorta

45. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

46. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Localized narrowing of the aorta
A single artery arising from both ventricles
There are 4

47. What is diastole
Sternal notch
Lower chambers - ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
Disease of the heart muscle

48. What is the most common chest deformity
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ductus venosus
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

49. What arteries supply the heart
Generator and electrode
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Water

50. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Sternal notch