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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

2. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

3. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Water
Lower chambers - ventricles
Pericardial fluid

4. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Disease of the heart muscle
Mitral valve
The relaxation phase of the heart

5. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
4
Generator and electrode

6. What are the layers of the heart
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

7. What is the most common chest deformity
The relaxation phase of the heart
The contraction phase of the heart
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
From the ascending aorta

8. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Mechanical or biologic
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

9. What are non-sterile procedures
Lower chambers - ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract

10. What is the circulation through the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

11. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Pericardial fluid
Atria

12. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Right atrium or venae cavae
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

13. What is the name for the lower chambers
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricles

14. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ligamentum venosum

15. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

16. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
A single artery arising from both ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

17. which chambers receive blood from the veins
The contraction phase of the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Upper chambers - atria

18. What is systole
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
The contraction phase of the heart
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

19. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ductus venosus
Pericardial fluid
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

20. What are acyanotic defects
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

21. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

22. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Chordae tendineae
Mechanical or biologic

23. what covers the heart
72 bpm
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

24. When does development of the heart begin
Chordae tendineae
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
Before the third week of gestation

25. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Ventricles
Sternal notch
72 bpm
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

26. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Atria
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

27. What is tricuspid atresia
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Sternal notch

28. What arteries supply the heart
72 bpm
Chordae tendineae
Ligamentum venosum
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

29. What is cardiomyopathy
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Disease of the heart muscle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Upper chambers - atria

30. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Disease of the heart muscle
Pericardial fluid
There are 4
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

31. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Lower chambers - ventricles

32. Where is the bicuspid valve located
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

33. What is a ventricular septal defect
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

34. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Water
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

35. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Before the third week of gestation
Right atrium or venae cavae

36. How many chambers in the heart
Mechanical or biologic
4
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

37. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
The relaxation phase of the heart

38. What does the cardiac cycle include
Localized narrowing of the aorta
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Pericardial fluid
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

39. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mechanical or biologic
Pericardial fluid
Mitral valve
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

40. What are cyanotic defects
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

41. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
There are 4

42. What is the name for the upper chambers
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Atria
There are 4
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

43. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Sternal notch
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

44. What is the rastelli procedure
Mitral valve
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

45. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Ligamentum venosum
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

46. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
There are 4

47. What is pulmonary stenosis
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Mitral valve

48. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Pericardial fluid
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

49. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
The contraction phase of the heart
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

50. What does the umbilical vein become
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ductus venosus
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle