Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What arteries supply the heart
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Mechanical or biologic

2. What are the layers of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Disease of the heart muscle
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

3. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Disease of the heart muscle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

4. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Localized narrowing of the aorta
4
Mitral valve

5. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Chordae tendineae

6. What does the umbilical vein become
There are 4
Ductus venosus
Upper chambers - atria
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

7. What is the bundle of his
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

8. What is systole
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
The contraction phase of the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

9. What is the circulation through the heart
Atria
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
There are 4

10. How many chambers in the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Generator and electrode
4

11. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ligamentum venosum
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart

12. What is diastole
Pericardial fluid
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
The relaxation phase of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

13. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Chordae tendineae

14. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

15. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
4

16. What is cardiomyopathy
72 bpm
Right atrium or venae cavae
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Disease of the heart muscle

17. What is a ventricular septal defect
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
From the ascending aorta

18. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Atria
72 bpm
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

19. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Before the third week of gestation
Sternal notch

20. What is the rastelli procedure
Water
Chordae tendineae
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

21. What is the name for the lower chambers
A single artery arising from both ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricles
4

22. What are non-sterile procedures
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
72 bpm
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Done on the aerodigestive tract

23. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Ductus venosus
Ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Upper chambers - atria

24. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

25. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Generator and electrode
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

26. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Done on the aerodigestive tract

27. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Mechanical or biologic
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

28. What is tricuspid atresia
The contraction phase of the heart
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ductus venosus
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

29. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle
Chordae tendineae
Mechanical or biologic

30. What is an atrial septal defect
Sternal notch
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Localized narrowing of the aorta
There are 4

31. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Atria
There are 4
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

32. What is the name for the upper chambers
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Atria
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

33. Where is the bicuspid valve located
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ductus venosus
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Done on the aerodigestive tract

34. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
The contraction phase of the heart
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ductus venosus

35. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Done on the aerodigestive tract

36. which chambers receive blood from the veins
The relaxation phase of the heart
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Upper chambers - atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

37. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Chordae tendineae
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

38. what vessels are used for CPBG
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
From the ascending aorta
Upper chambers - atria
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

39. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Right atrium or venae cavae
Upper chambers - atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

40. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Water

41. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Water
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

42. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Upper chambers - atria

43. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Sternal notch
4

44. How many pulmonary veins are there
The relaxation phase of the heart
There are 4
Ligamentum venosum
Upper chambers - atria

45. What is coarctation of the aorta
Lower chambers - ventricles
Mitral valve
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta

46. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Sternal notch
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

47. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Right atrium or venae cavae
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

48. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

49. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Generator and electrode
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ventricles

50. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
Mechanical or biologic
The contraction phase of the heart
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age