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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
There are 4
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Atria
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

2. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Before the third week of gestation
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Upper chambers - atria

3. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

4. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
From the ascending aorta
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

5. What is pulmonary stenosis
A single artery arising from both ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Chordae tendineae
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

6. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
Disease of the heart muscle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

7. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta

8. Where is the tricuspid valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae

9. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ductus venosus
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Localized narrowing of the aorta

10. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Mechanical or biologic

11. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Lower chambers - ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

12. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Right atrium or venae cavae
Mitral valve
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

13. What is the bundle of his
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
The contraction phase of the heart
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

14. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Pericardial fluid
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

15. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Sternal notch
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

16. What does the cardiac cycle include
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Mechanical or biologic
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

17. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

18. How many chambers in the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
4
Generator and electrode
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

19. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Generator and electrode
Ventricles
Before the third week of gestation

20. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

21. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

22. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

23. What is a ventricular septal defect
There are 4
4
The relaxation phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

24. What is the name for the lower chambers
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
72 bpm
Ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

25. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
A single artery arising from both ventricles

26. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Chordae tendineae
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle

27. What is the circulation through the heart
4
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

28. What are cyanotic defects
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Localized narrowing of the aorta

29. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Done on the aerodigestive tract

30. What is cardiomyopathy
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Disease of the heart muscle

31. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Ductus venosus
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Right atrium or venae cavae
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

32. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Sternal notch
Water
Pericardial fluid

33. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Disease of the heart muscle
Chordae tendineae
From the ascending aorta

34. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
4
Chordae tendineae

35. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Mechanical or biologic
Water
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

36. What are the layers of the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Atria
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Sternal notch

37. What is the most common chest deformity
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ductus venosus
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

38. What is cardiac tamponade
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

39. When does development of the heart begin
Water
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Before the third week of gestation

40. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Upper chambers - atria
There are 4
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

41. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The contraction phase of the heart

42. What is diastole
There are 4
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
The relaxation phase of the heart
Lower chambers - ventricles

43. what covers the heart
Upper chambers - atria
Ligamentum venosum
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

44. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

45. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ductus venosus
Disease of the heart muscle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

46. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
From the ascending aorta
Ligamentum venosum
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

47. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
Ligamentum venosum
Right atrium or venae cavae
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

48. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
A single artery arising from both ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Generator and electrode

49. What arteries supply the heart
Lower chambers - ventricles
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart

50. What is tricuspid atresia
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Sternal notch