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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the rastelli procedure
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
72 bpm
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

2. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Ductus venosus
Mitral valve
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

3. What are cyanotic defects
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Upper chambers - atria
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

4. What is the bundle of his
Water
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

5. How many chambers in the heart
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
4
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Lower chambers - ventricles

6. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Generator and electrode
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Mechanical or biologic
A single artery arising from both ventricles

7. What is the most common chest deformity
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

8. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Mitral valve
The relaxation phase of the heart
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

9. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Sternal notch
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The relaxation phase of the heart

10. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

11. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Disease of the heart muscle
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Mitral valve

12. What is the name for the lower chambers
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

13. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
From the ascending aorta
Ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

14. When does development of the heart begin
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Mechanical or biologic
Generator and electrode
Before the third week of gestation

15. How many pulmonary veins are there
Done on the aerodigestive tract
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
There are 4
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

16. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Mitral valve
Sternal notch
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

17. what vessels are used for CPBG
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Mitral valve
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

18. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
4
Ligamentum venosum
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

19. What is cardiac tamponade
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

20. What is an atrial septal defect
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Disease of the heart muscle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

21. What is tricuspid atresia
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Upper chambers - atria
Lower chambers - ventricles

22. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Done on the aerodigestive tract
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Chordae tendineae

23. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ligamentum venosum
Pericardial fluid

24. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ligamentum venosum
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

25. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

26. What is the name for the upper chambers
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Atria
Pericardial fluid

27. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Water
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
A single artery arising from both ventricles

28. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
Water

29. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Mitral valve
The contraction phase of the heart

30. What are acyanotic defects
4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

31. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
The contraction phase of the heart
Water
Upper chambers - atria

32. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

33. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
72 bpm
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

34. What does the cardiac cycle include
Ligamentum venosum
72 bpm
Ductus venosus
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

35. What arteries supply the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

36. What is bradycardia
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

37. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
There are 4
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

38. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
There are 4
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

39. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Upper chambers - atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

40. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

41. What is the location of the heart
Generator and electrode
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Pericardial fluid
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

42. Where is the bicuspid valve located
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

43. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

44. What are non-sterile procedures
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

45. Where does the coronary artery arise
A single artery arising from both ventricles
72 bpm
From the ascending aorta
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

46. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
4
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

47. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

48. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
4
Localized narrowing of the aorta
From the ascending aorta

49. What is systole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Before the third week of gestation
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
The contraction phase of the heart

50. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

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Cardiac Surgery

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