Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is pulmonary stenosis
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ductus venosus
Sternal notch

2. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
Generator and electrode
4
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

3. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
72 bpm
Ventricles

4. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Generator and electrode
Done on the aerodigestive tract
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

5. What are cyanotic defects
Ductus venosus
There are 4
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

6. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
There are 4

7. What is coarctation of the aorta
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Chordae tendineae
Localized narrowing of the aorta

8. What is the bundle of his
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Right atrium or venae cavae
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles

9. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ligamentum venosum
4
Localized narrowing of the aorta

10. What are acyanotic defects
The relaxation phase of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

11. What is bradycardia
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ventricles

12. what covers the heart
Ductus venosus
Sternal notch
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

13. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Water
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Disease of the heart muscle
Chordae tendineae

14. How many pulmonary veins are there
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Chordae tendineae
There are 4

15. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Upper chambers - atria

16. How many chambers in the heart
4
Disease of the heart muscle
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Localized narrowing of the aorta

17. What is cardiomyopathy
Generator and electrode
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Disease of the heart muscle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

18. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Right atrium or venae cavae
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

19. What are non-sterile procedures
Before the third week of gestation
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Water
Lower chambers - ventricles

20. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
The relaxation phase of the heart
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

21. What is the rastelli procedure
Ventricles
Ligamentum venosum
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

22. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Upper chambers - atria
Right atrium or venae cavae

23. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

24. What does the cardiac cycle include
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Pericardial fluid
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

25. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

26. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

27. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Mechanical or biologic
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

28. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
4
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Generator and electrode
Sternal notch

29. What is the most common chest deformity
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

30. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Ductus venosus
Atria
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

31. What is cardiac tamponade
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Mechanical or biologic
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ductus venosus

32. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Mechanical or biologic

33. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
4
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

34. What is an atrial septal defect
Right atrium or venae cavae
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

35. what vessels are used for CPBG
72 bpm
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
From the ascending aorta

36. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Generator and electrode
Water
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

37. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

38. Where is the bicuspid valve located
72 bpm
Water
Chordae tendineae
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

39. What is systole
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The contraction phase of the heart

40. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

41. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Mechanical or biologic
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

42. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Mitral valve
Chordae tendineae

43. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Ligamentum venosum
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Generator and electrode
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

44. What is the location of the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

45. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Before the third week of gestation
The contraction phase of the heart

46. What is diastole
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
The relaxation phase of the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

47. What arteries supply the heart
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Right atrium or venae cavae
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

48. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Before the third week of gestation
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

49. What does the umbilical vein become
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ductus venosus
From the ascending aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

50. When does development of the heart begin
4
Ligamentum venosum
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Before the third week of gestation