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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Generator and electrode
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

2. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
Atria
The relaxation phase of the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

3. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Lower chambers - ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta
72 bpm
Ventricles

4. How many pulmonary veins are there
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ligamentum venosum
There are 4

5. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Sternal notch
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Atria

6. Where does the coronary artery arise
Done on the aerodigestive tract
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
From the ascending aorta
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

7. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Upper chambers - atria

8. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Mechanical or biologic
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

9. What is the location of the heart
Generator and electrode
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
72 bpm

10. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Atria
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

11. How many chambers in the heart
4
Upper chambers - atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Pericardial fluid

12. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Mitral valve
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

13. what vessels are used for CPBG
Water
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Chordae tendineae

14. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
72 bpm
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

15. When does development of the heart begin
Generator and electrode
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Before the third week of gestation

16. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

17. What is the name for the upper chambers
The relaxation phase of the heart
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Atria

18. What is the most common chest deformity
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Chordae tendineae
Ligamentum venosum
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

19. What is pulmonary stenosis
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

20. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Right atrium or venae cavae
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Chordae tendineae
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

21. what covers the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ventricles
4

22. What is the rastelli procedure
The contraction phase of the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
4

23. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ventricles

24. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Right atrium or venae cavae
Upper chambers - atria
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

25. What arteries supply the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Disease of the heart muscle

26. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Chordae tendineae
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The contraction phase of the heart

27. What is an atrial septal defect
The contraction phase of the heart
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

28. What are acyanotic defects
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ductus venosus

29. What is coarctation of the aorta
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Mechanical or biologic
Localized narrowing of the aorta

30. What is cardiac tamponade
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

31. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

32. What is diastole
Right atrium or venae cavae
Mechanical or biologic
The relaxation phase of the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

33. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
The relaxation phase of the heart
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

34. What is the circulation through the heart
Chordae tendineae
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Mitral valve
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

35. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Disease of the heart muscle
Pericardial fluid

36. What is a ventricular septal defect
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

37. What are the layers of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Chordae tendineae
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

38. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Generator and electrode
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Mitral valve

39. What are cyanotic defects
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Sternal notch
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

40. What is systole
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
The contraction phase of the heart
Ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

41. What does the cardiac cycle include
Pericardial fluid
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

42. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Before the third week of gestation

43. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Chordae tendineae

44. What does the umbilical vein become
Atria
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Mitral valve
Ductus venosus

45. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
From the ascending aorta

46. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
From the ascending aorta

47. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

48. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Water
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

49. What are non-sterile procedures
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract

50. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Sternal notch
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Upper chambers - atria
Generator and electrode