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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
Lower chambers - ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

2. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
4
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Mitral valve

3. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Lower chambers - ventricles
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Chordae tendineae

4. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
The relaxation phase of the heart
72 bpm
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
4

5. what covers the heart
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

6. What is bradycardia
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Upper chambers - atria
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

7. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Chordae tendineae
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Mechanical or biologic

8. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Sternal notch
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

9. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Mitral valve
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Disease of the heart muscle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

10. How many pulmonary veins are there
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Mechanical or biologic
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
There are 4

11. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Upper chambers - atria
Generator and electrode
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

12. What does the cardiac cycle include
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ductus venosus
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

13. What are cyanotic defects
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

14. What is the name for the upper chambers
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Atria
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

15. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Right atrium or venae cavae
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Atria

16. What is the location of the heart
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Localized narrowing of the aorta

17. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Upper chambers - atria
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
From the ascending aorta

18. What arteries supply the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

19. What is pulmonary stenosis
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

20. What is the name for the lower chambers
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ventricles

21. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Upper chambers - atria
The relaxation phase of the heart
Sternal notch
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

22. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
There are 4
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

23. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Upper chambers - atria
The contraction phase of the heart

24. what vessels are used for CPBG
Disease of the heart muscle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

25. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
The relaxation phase of the heart
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
4

26. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Generator and electrode
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

27. When does development of the heart begin
The contraction phase of the heart
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Before the third week of gestation
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

28. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
Ventricles
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

29. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Mechanical or biologic
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

30. What is cardiac tamponade
Lower chambers - ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

31. What is the rastelli procedure
Lower chambers - ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
There are 4

32. What are the layers of the heart
Mitral valve
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

33. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Before the third week of gestation

34. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
Atria
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Chordae tendineae

35. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Localized narrowing of the aorta

36. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Generator and electrode

37. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Pericardial fluid
Water
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

38. What is the circulation through the heart
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Pericardial fluid

39. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Mitral valve
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae

40. What are non-sterile procedures
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ductus venosus
Done on the aerodigestive tract

41. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Right atrium or venae cavae
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

42. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Chordae tendineae
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

43. What is a ventricular septal defect
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ligamentum venosum
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae

44. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
4

45. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
4
Generator and electrode
Right atrium or venae cavae
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

46. What is systole
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
The contraction phase of the heart
Before the third week of gestation
Done on the aerodigestive tract

47. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Before the third week of gestation

48. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Generator and electrode
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

49. What are acyanotic defects
Atria
The contraction phase of the heart
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
From the ascending aorta

50. What is an atrial septal defect
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria