Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the circulation through the heart
72 bpm
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

2. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Sternal notch
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

3. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Sternal notch
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

4. What is a ventricular septal defect
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

5. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Atria
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

6. What is tricuspid atresia
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Done on the aerodigestive tract

7. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles
4
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

8. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Sternal notch
Before the third week of gestation

9. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Chordae tendineae

10. When does development of the heart begin
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Mechanical or biologic
Before the third week of gestation
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

11. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

12. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Mechanical or biologic
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

13. What is cardiac tamponade
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ductus venosus
4
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

14. What are acyanotic defects
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

15. What is coarctation of the aorta
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Sternal notch
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

16. Where does the coronary artery arise
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
From the ascending aorta
Sternal notch
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

17. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Generator and electrode
4

18. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

19. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Before the third week of gestation
Ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

20. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Disease of the heart muscle
Upper chambers - atria
Mitral valve
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

21. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart

22. What are the layers of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

23. What arteries supply the heart
Ductus venosus
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

24. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Atria
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

25. What does the cardiac cycle include
The contraction phase of the heart
Upper chambers - atria
Water
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

26. How many pulmonary veins are there
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Before the third week of gestation
There are 4
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

27. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Upper chambers - atria
Chordae tendineae
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Water

28. Where is the tricuspid valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

29. What does the umbilical vein become
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ductus venosus

30. What is the name for the upper chambers
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
The relaxation phase of the heart
Atria
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

31. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Right atrium or venae cavae

32. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Upper chambers - atria

33. Where is the bicuspid valve located
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

34. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Generator and electrode
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

35. What are cyanotic defects
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

36. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Sternal notch

37. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
72 bpm

38. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Right atrium or venae cavae
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

39. What is the rastelli procedure
Ductus venosus
Generator and electrode
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

40. How many chambers in the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

41. What is the most common chest deformity
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

42. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

43. What is pulmonary stenosis
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Chordae tendineae
Before the third week of gestation

44. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Before the third week of gestation
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

45. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Before the third week of gestation
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

46. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Chordae tendineae
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Lower chambers - ventricles

47. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
4
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
From the ascending aorta

48. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
The relaxation phase of the heart
Sternal notch
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

49. What is the bundle of his
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

50. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Pericardial fluid
72 bpm
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery