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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is diastole
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Generator and electrode
The relaxation phase of the heart
Mechanical or biologic

2. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

3. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Chordae tendineae
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

4. What are non-sterile procedures
4
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Generator and electrode

5. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Water
The relaxation phase of the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

6. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Generator and electrode
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

7. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
There are 4
Water
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

8. What are acyanotic defects
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Mechanical or biologic
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

9. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Water
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

10. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
The contraction phase of the heart
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Mechanical or biologic

11. How many chambers in the heart
4
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Lower chambers - ventricles

12. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Generator and electrode

13. What are cyanotic defects
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Localized narrowing of the aorta
The contraction phase of the heart

14. What is bradycardia
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Disease of the heart muscle
Ventricles

15. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
From the ascending aorta

16. What is the most common chest deformity
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

17. Where does the coronary artery arise
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Pericardial fluid
4
From the ascending aorta

18. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Mechanical or biologic
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

19. What is the circulation through the heart
Lower chambers - ventricles
Sternal notch
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

20. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Done on the aerodigestive tract
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Mechanical or biologic

21. What is the rastelli procedure
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Water
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Pericardial fluid

22. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Before the third week of gestation
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Localized narrowing of the aorta

23. What is systole
Pericardial fluid
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
The contraction phase of the heart

24. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
A single artery arising from both ventricles
There are 4
Chordae tendineae
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

25. What is an atrial septal defect
Done on the aerodigestive tract
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Water

26. What is the name for the upper chambers
Disease of the heart muscle
Ligamentum venosum
From the ascending aorta
Atria

27. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Pericardial fluid
72 bpm
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

28. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Upper chambers - atria

29. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
There are 4
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

30. What is pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Right atrium or venae cavae
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

31. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Mitral valve
Sternal notch
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Lower chambers - ventricles

32. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Upper chambers - atria
The relaxation phase of the heart

33. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Chordae tendineae
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Lower chambers - ventricles
There are 4

34. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Mitral valve
Atria
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

35. What is the name for the lower chambers
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
There are 4

36. How many pulmonary veins are there
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Before the third week of gestation
There are 4

37. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

38. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

39. What is cardiac tamponade
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Water

40. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Sternal notch

41. What is coarctation of the aorta
Pericardial fluid
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Generator and electrode

42. What is the bundle of his
Generator and electrode
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

43. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

44. What does the umbilical vein become
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Water
Ductus venosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

45. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

46. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
4
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

47. what covers the heart
Lower chambers - ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

48. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Upper chambers - atria
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

49. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

50. What does the cardiac cycle include
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Mechanical or biologic