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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Chordae tendineae
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Disease of the heart muscle

2. What is the name for the upper chambers
From the ascending aorta
Atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Before the third week of gestation

3. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Water
Upper chambers - atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

4. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
72 bpm
Right atrium or venae cavae
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

5. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
The relaxation phase of the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

6. What arteries supply the heart
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Right atrium or venae cavae
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

7. What is tricuspid atresia
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

8. Where does the coronary artery arise
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
From the ascending aorta
Before the third week of gestation
Lower chambers - ventricles

9. When does development of the heart begin
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Before the third week of gestation
Chordae tendineae

10. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

11. What is cardiomyopathy
4
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart
Disease of the heart muscle

12. What are the layers of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Water

13. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
A single artery arising from both ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ligamentum venosum

14. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Right atrium or venae cavae
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

15. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Pericardial fluid
Water

16. What is the most common chest deformity
Disease of the heart muscle
Before the third week of gestation
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

17. How many chambers in the heart
Mechanical or biologic
4
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Sternal notch

18. What is cardiac tamponade
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ductus venosus
Pericardial fluid

19. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
Right atrium or venae cavae
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

20. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Generator and electrode

21. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

22. What is pulmonary stenosis
Sternal notch
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

23. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Water
Generator and electrode

24. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ligamentum venosum
Atria
4

25. What are acyanotic defects
Chordae tendineae
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

26. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Generator and electrode
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

27. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
72 bpm
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

28. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

29. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

30. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Upper chambers - atria

31. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Disease of the heart muscle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

32. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
72 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

33. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

34. What is a ventricular septal defect
Ligamentum venosum
Right atrium or venae cavae
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta

35. What does the umbilical vein become
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ductus venosus
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Generator and electrode

36. Where is the bicuspid valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Generator and electrode

37. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Ligamentum venosum
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

38. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ligamentum venosum
Pericardial fluid

39. What is bradycardia
The contraction phase of the heart
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ductus venosus

40. What is the circulation through the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

41. what covers the heart
Disease of the heart muscle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

42. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Mitral valve

43. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Mechanical or biologic

44. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

45. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Chordae tendineae
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

46. What is the location of the heart
Lower chambers - ventricles
72 bpm
Ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

47. How many pulmonary veins are there
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
There are 4

48. What is coarctation of the aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
There are 4
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Water

49. What is an atrial septal defect
From the ascending aorta
Disease of the heart muscle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

50. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice