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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is bradycardia
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

2. What is systole
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
From the ascending aorta
The contraction phase of the heart
4

3. When does development of the heart begin
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The relaxation phase of the heart
Before the third week of gestation
Done on the aerodigestive tract

4. What is tricuspid atresia
Atria
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

5. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Sternal notch
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ligamentum venosum

6. What are the layers of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Mitral valve
Pericardial fluid

7. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Chordae tendineae

8. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
Upper chambers - atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

9. What does the cardiac cycle include
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

10. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

11. What is an atrial septal defect
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ductus venosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Before the third week of gestation

12. What is the location of the heart
Mitral valve
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Chordae tendineae

13. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Ligamentum venosum
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

14. What are non-sterile procedures
Water
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Sternal notch
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

15. what vessels are used for CPBG
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

16. What are acyanotic defects
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

17. How many pulmonary veins are there
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Right atrium or venae cavae
There are 4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

18. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Atria
Generator and electrode

19. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Upper chambers - atria
Mechanical or biologic
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

20. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
There are 4
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

21. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ventricles
Upper chambers - atria

22. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

23. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Chordae tendineae

24. How many chambers in the heart
4
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

25. What is the name for the lower chambers
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
72 bpm
Ductus venosus
Ventricles

26. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

27. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

28. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

29. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ductus venosus

30. What are cyanotic defects
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Disease of the heart muscle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

31. What is the bundle of his
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

32. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

33. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Chordae tendineae

34. What is pulmonary stenosis
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

35. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Pericardial fluid
Ligamentum venosum

36. What is the rastelli procedure
The relaxation phase of the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Pericardial fluid
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

37. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Generator and electrode
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

38. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Upper chambers - atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Mechanical or biologic

39. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

40. What is cardiac tamponade
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Localized narrowing of the aorta

41. What arteries supply the heart
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

42. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

43. What is coarctation of the aorta
Before the third week of gestation
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

44. Where is the bicuspid valve located
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles

45. What is the circulation through the heart
Sternal notch
Ligamentum venosum
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

46. Where does the coronary artery arise
The relaxation phase of the heart
From the ascending aorta
Pericardial fluid
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

47. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Water

48. What is diastole
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
The relaxation phase of the heart
Sternal notch
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

49. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ligamentum venosum

50. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Upper chambers - atria