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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is cardiac tamponade
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Chordae tendineae
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

2. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Water
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

3. What are the layers of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Atria
Sternal notch
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

4. What is an atrial septal defect
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ligamentum venosum

5. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

6. What is diastole
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
4
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
The relaxation phase of the heart

7. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Atria
Water
Ligamentum venosum

8. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
There are 4
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

9. What is a ventricular septal defect
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Generator and electrode
Before the third week of gestation

10. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ductus venosus

11. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Atria

12. How many pulmonary veins are there
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
There are 4

13. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Chordae tendineae
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

14. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Lower chambers - ventricles

15. What is systole
Sternal notch
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
The contraction phase of the heart
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

16. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
The contraction phase of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

17. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Mechanical or biologic
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

18. What is the name for the upper chambers
Water
Atria
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Upper chambers - atria

19. When does development of the heart begin
Mitral valve
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Before the third week of gestation
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

20. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
4

21. What is the most common chest deformity
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ductus venosus
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

22. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

23. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Ductus venosus
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

24. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Sternal notch
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
The relaxation phase of the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

25. What does the umbilical vein become
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ductus venosus
Atria
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

26. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

27. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Upper chambers - atria
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ligamentum venosum

28. What are acyanotic defects
Chordae tendineae
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Mitral valve

29. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Water

30. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ligamentum venosum

31. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Mechanical or biologic
Atria
Generator and electrode
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

32. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Atria
72 bpm
There are 4
Pericardial fluid

33. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Mitral valve
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
72 bpm

34. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Chordae tendineae
Water
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

35. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Before the third week of gestation

36. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Pericardial fluid

37. What is bradycardia
Pericardial fluid
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
The contraction phase of the heart

38. What is the circulation through the heart
Before the third week of gestation
From the ascending aorta
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

39. what vessels are used for CPBG
The relaxation phase of the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Mechanical or biologic
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

40. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Done on the aerodigestive tract

41. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Right atrium or venae cavae
Water
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

42. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Mechanical or biologic

43. What arteries supply the heart
The relaxation phase of the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

44. What is the location of the heart
Lower chambers - ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Mitral valve

45. What are cyanotic defects
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

46. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

47. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Disease of the heart muscle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

48. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
72 bpm

49. which chambers receive blood from the veins
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Upper chambers - atria

50. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta