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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. what vessels are used for CPBG
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Generator and electrode
Mechanical or biologic
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

2. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Mitral valve
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

3. When does development of the heart begin
Upper chambers - atria
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ventricles
Before the third week of gestation

4. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

5. Where is the bicuspid valve located
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles
Before the third week of gestation

6. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Ductus venosus
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Pericardial fluid
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

7. What are non-sterile procedures
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Done on the aerodigestive tract
From the ascending aorta
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

8. What are cyanotic defects
There are 4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

9. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Atria
A single artery arising from both ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

10. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
There are 4
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae

11. What is the most common chest deformity
Ligamentum venosum
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

12. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Atria

13. What is cardiomyopathy
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Disease of the heart muscle

14. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Chordae tendineae
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

15. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
72 bpm

16. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Generator and electrode
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

17. What is the circulation through the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ductus venosus
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

18. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Mechanical or biologic
Ligamentum venosum
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

19. Where does the coronary artery arise
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
From the ascending aorta
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

20. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

21. What is the rastelli procedure
There are 4
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

22. What are acyanotic defects
72 bpm
Upper chambers - atria
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

23. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Pericardial fluid
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

24. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Mechanical or biologic
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

25. What does the umbilical vein become
Generator and electrode
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ductus venosus

26. What is coarctation of the aorta
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Localized narrowing of the aorta

27. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

28. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ductus venosus
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Upper chambers - atria

29. What is the bundle of his
Ductus venosus
The relaxation phase of the heart
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae

30. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Mitral valve
Water
Pericardial fluid
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

31. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Sternal notch
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

32. What is pulmonary stenosis
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

33. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Chordae tendineae
Mechanical or biologic
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

34. What is the name for the lower chambers
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricles
Upper chambers - atria

35. What arteries supply the heart
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ventricles

36. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
4
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Lower chambers - ventricles

37. What is cardiac tamponade
Right atrium or venae cavae
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

38. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
4
Lower chambers - ventricles
Upper chambers - atria
Mitral valve

39. What is the name for the upper chambers
Ligamentum venosum
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Atria

40. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Water
Localized narrowing of the aorta

41. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Generator and electrode
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Sternal notch

42. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

43. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Right atrium or venae cavae
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Sternal notch
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

44. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Right atrium or venae cavae
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

45. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

46. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Chordae tendineae
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ductus venosus

47. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Lower chambers - ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Atria

48. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
72 bpm
Mitral valve
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

49. How many chambers in the heart
4
Water
The contraction phase of the heart
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

50. What are the layers of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Disease of the heart muscle