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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Mechanical or biologic
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
72 bpm
A single artery arising from both ventricles

2. What is the bundle of his
Generator and electrode
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Before the third week of gestation
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

3. What is coarctation of the aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The relaxation phase of the heart
Localized narrowing of the aorta

4. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ligamentum venosum
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

5. What is an atrial septal defect
Pericardial fluid
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Mitral valve

6. What is pulmonary stenosis
Pericardial fluid
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
The contraction phase of the heart
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

7. What is the rastelli procedure
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

8. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Pericardial fluid
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
72 bpm
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

9. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Ventricles
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

10. What arteries supply the heart
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

11. What are non-sterile procedures
Water
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract

12. What does the umbilical vein become
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ductus venosus
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

13. What is cardiomyopathy
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
There are 4
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Disease of the heart muscle

14. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Upper chambers - atria
Ligamentum venosum
Sternal notch

15. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Mitral valve
Ligamentum venosum
Pericardial fluid
4

16. What are acyanotic defects
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Chordae tendineae

17. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Chordae tendineae
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

18. Where does the coronary artery arise
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
From the ascending aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae
Generator and electrode

19. What are cyanotic defects
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

20. What is bradycardia
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
4

21. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Disease of the heart muscle
Ligamentum venosum
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

22. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Disease of the heart muscle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

23. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
72 bpm
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Before the third week of gestation
Mechanical or biologic

24. How many chambers in the heart
4
Right atrium or venae cavae
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Generator and electrode

25. What is the name for the lower chambers
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ventricles

26. What does the cardiac cycle include
Chordae tendineae
Ligamentum venosum
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

27. What are the layers of the heart
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Generator and electrode

28. What is diastole
There are 4
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
The relaxation phase of the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

29. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart

30. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
Lower chambers - ventricles

31. What is cardiac tamponade
Pericardial fluid
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

32. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Right atrium or venae cavae
Atria
Generator and electrode
Water

33. What is the most common chest deformity
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Done on the aerodigestive tract

34. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Sternal notch
Chordae tendineae

35. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

36. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Right atrium or venae cavae
Pericardial fluid

37. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Ligamentum venosum
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

38. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
4
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

39. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Sternal notch
Chordae tendineae
A single artery arising from both ventricles

40. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ductus venosus
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

41. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

42. What is a ventricular septal defect
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Generator and electrode
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

43. What is the name for the upper chambers
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ligamentum venosum
Atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

44. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Mitral valve
Before the third week of gestation
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

45. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

46. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Sternal notch
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

47. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

48. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
72 bpm
Ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

49. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Lower chambers - ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

50. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
Lower chambers - ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria