Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the rastelli procedure
Ductus venosus
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

2. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Lower chambers - ventricles
Water
Atria
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

3. What is cardiomyopathy
Mitral valve
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Disease of the heart muscle

4. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
From the ascending aorta
Sternal notch
The contraction phase of the heart
Localized narrowing of the aorta

5. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
A single artery arising from both ventricles
There are 4
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

6. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Right atrium or venae cavae
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
The relaxation phase of the heart
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

7. What are cyanotic defects
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

8. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
72 bpm

9. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
72 bpm
Lower chambers - ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

10. How many chambers in the heart
4
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

11. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

12. what vessels are used for CPBG
Pericardial fluid
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Mechanical or biologic

13. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Before the third week of gestation
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Disease of the heart muscle

14. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
From the ascending aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

15. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Ligamentum venosum
Pericardial fluid
Mitral valve
Ductus venosus

16. Where does the coronary artery arise
Before the third week of gestation
Atria
From the ascending aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

17. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ligamentum venosum
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

18. When does development of the heart begin
Atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Before the third week of gestation
72 bpm

19. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Mechanical or biologic

20. What is tricuspid atresia
Water
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
There are 4
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

21. How many pulmonary veins are there
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
There are 4
Pericardial fluid
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

22. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
From the ascending aorta
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

23. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Lower chambers - ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Sternal notch

24. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Ligamentum venosum
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

25. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

26. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
The contraction phase of the heart
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

27. What is an atrial septal defect
Before the third week of gestation
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Mechanical or biologic
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

28. What does the cardiac cycle include
Atria
Ductus venosus
Chordae tendineae
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

29. What is the most common chest deformity
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Sternal notch
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

30. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
4
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

31. What is diastole
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
The relaxation phase of the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Disease of the heart muscle

32. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
Mechanical or biologic
From the ascending aorta
Sternal notch

33. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

34. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Water
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

35. which chambers receive blood from the veins
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Before the third week of gestation
Upper chambers - atria
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

36. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Mechanical or biologic
Right atrium or venae cavae
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

37. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Upper chambers - atria
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ductus venosus
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

38. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

39. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Mechanical or biologic

40. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Generator and electrode
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ventricles

41. What are acyanotic defects
The relaxation phase of the heart
Pericardial fluid
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

42. What is bradycardia
Atria
4
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

43. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
The contraction phase of the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

44. What is systole
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
The contraction phase of the heart
Generator and electrode

45. What are non-sterile procedures
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Done on the aerodigestive tract

46. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

47. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Disease of the heart muscle
Ligamentum venosum
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Generator and electrode

48. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

49. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

50. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Atria
Generator and electrode