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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is pulmonary stenosis
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Generator and electrode
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

2. What is tricuspid atresia
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

3. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

4. Where does the coronary artery arise
The relaxation phase of the heart
From the ascending aorta
Ductus venosus
The contraction phase of the heart

5. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Ligamentum venosum
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

6. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ductus venosus
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
There are 4
Ligamentum venosum

7. What is the name for the upper chambers
From the ascending aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Atria
Generator and electrode

8. What is cardiomyopathy
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Disease of the heart muscle

9. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The relaxation phase of the heart
Sternal notch
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

10. What arteries supply the heart
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Mitral valve

11. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
4

12. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Atria
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
The relaxation phase of the heart
From the ascending aorta

13. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Water
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

14. How many chambers in the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
4
Upper chambers - atria
There are 4

15. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Chordae tendineae
Disease of the heart muscle

16. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
72 bpm
Right atrium or venae cavae
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

17. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Chordae tendineae
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

18. What is the most common chest deformity
Atria
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The relaxation phase of the heart

19. What is the rastelli procedure
There are 4
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

20. What are the layers of the heart
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Sternal notch
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

21. What are cyanotic defects
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Pericardial fluid
From the ascending aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

22. What is coarctation of the aorta
Atria
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Localized narrowing of the aorta
72 bpm

23. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
72 bpm

24. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Before the third week of gestation
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

25. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Chordae tendineae
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

26. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Upper chambers - atria
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

27. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

28. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
The relaxation phase of the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

29. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ductus venosus
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

30. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Ductus venosus
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Lower chambers - ventricles

31. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
From the ascending aorta

32. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Generator and electrode
Pericardial fluid
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

33. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

34. What is an atrial septal defect
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
From the ascending aorta
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

35. What is cardiac tamponade
The contraction phase of the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Disease of the heart muscle
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

36. What is the location of the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Lower chambers - ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

37. What is bradycardia
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ductus venosus
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

38. What are acyanotic defects
The relaxation phase of the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

39. what vessels are used for CPBG
Water
Mechanical or biologic
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

40. What are non-sterile procedures
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

41. What is a ventricular septal defect
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

42. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ligamentum venosum

43. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Pericardial fluid
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

44. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
4
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Right atrium or venae cavae

45. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Localized narrowing of the aorta
There are 4

46. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

47. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
72 bpm
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Disease of the heart muscle
Generator and electrode

48. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

49. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Sternal notch
Before the third week of gestation
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

50. What is the name for the lower chambers
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Lower chambers - ventricles

Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?

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Cardiac Surgery

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