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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

2. What is an atrial septal defect
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ductus venosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

3. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Generator and electrode
72 bpm
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

4. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

5. What is the bundle of his
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
The relaxation phase of the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

6. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

7. What is the name for the lower chambers
Upper chambers - atria
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ventricles
Atria

8. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
4

9. What is the circulation through the heart
Mechanical or biologic
Ductus venosus
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

10. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Disease of the heart muscle
The relaxation phase of the heart
Sternal notch
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

11. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
There are 4
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Right atrium or venae cavae

12. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Generator and electrode
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

13. How many pulmonary veins are there
Mitral valve
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
There are 4

14. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ligamentum venosum
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

15. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Generator and electrode
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

16. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Before the third week of gestation
4

17. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Mitral valve

18. What are acyanotic defects
4
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

19. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Before the third week of gestation
Generator and electrode
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

20. What is systole
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart
Upper chambers - atria

21. What is coarctation of the aorta
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Mitral valve
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Localized narrowing of the aorta

22. What are non-sterile procedures
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

23. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

24. What is tricuspid atresia
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Sternal notch
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

25. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

26. What is the rastelli procedure
The relaxation phase of the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

27. What are the layers of the heart
Generator and electrode
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

28. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

29. How many chambers in the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
From the ascending aorta
4
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

30. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
Upper chambers - atria
Generator and electrode
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

31. What is pulmonary stenosis
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

32. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Right atrium or venae cavae
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

33. What arteries supply the heart
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

34. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Sternal notch
Before the third week of gestation

35. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
There are 4
Chordae tendineae
A single artery arising from both ventricles

36. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Upper chambers - atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

37. What is the most common chest deformity
Chordae tendineae
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ductus venosus

38. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ligamentum venosum
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

39. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Ligamentum venosum
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

40. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Lower chambers - ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ligamentum venosum

41. What does the umbilical vein become
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ductus venosus
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

42. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Upper chambers - atria

43. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
The contraction phase of the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Disease of the heart muscle
Ligamentum venosum

44. What is the location of the heart
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
4

45. What is cardiomyopathy
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Disease of the heart muscle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract

46. Where does the coronary artery arise
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
The contraction phase of the heart
From the ascending aorta

47. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
72 bpm
From the ascending aorta
Lower chambers - ventricles

48. what covers the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae
Chordae tendineae
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid

49. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Disease of the heart muscle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
From the ascending aorta

50. When does development of the heart begin
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Before the third week of gestation
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery