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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the bundle of his
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

2. What are non-sterile procedures
Ligamentum venosum
Before the third week of gestation
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Water

3. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ductus venosus
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

4. What is coarctation of the aorta
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Chordae tendineae
Localized narrowing of the aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

5. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

6. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Sternal notch

7. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
4
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Generator and electrode

8. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Mitral valve
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

9. What is the name for the upper chambers
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Atria

10. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Right atrium or venae cavae
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

11. How many chambers in the heart
4
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ligamentum venosum
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

12. What is cardiomyopathy
The contraction phase of the heart
Disease of the heart muscle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

13. What is the name for the lower chambers
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ventricles

14. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Mitral valve
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

15. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Before the third week of gestation
Right atrium or venae cavae
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

16. What are the layers of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
From the ascending aorta
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

17. what vessels are used for CPBG
Atria
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

18. What does the umbilical vein become
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ductus venosus
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

19. What is bradycardia
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

20. What is the most common chest deformity
Mitral valve
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
72 bpm

21. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Chordae tendineae
Upper chambers - atria
Pericardial fluid
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

22. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
From the ascending aorta
Before the third week of gestation
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

23. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Ventricles
Mitral valve
A single artery arising from both ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

24. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Ductus venosus
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

25. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Chordae tendineae
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

26. What is systole
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart
Before the third week of gestation

27. Where does the coronary artery arise
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
From the ascending aorta
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Generator and electrode

28. what covers the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

29. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Mechanical or biologic
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

30. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Water
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

31. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Generator and electrode

32. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

33. What is pulmonary stenosis
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Chordae tendineae
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

34. What are acyanotic defects
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Generator and electrode
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

35. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
Before the third week of gestation
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

36. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
72 bpm
4
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

37. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
4
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
72 bpm
Ventricles

38. What is the rastelli procedure
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Chordae tendineae

39. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
There are 4

40. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
From the ascending aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

41. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

42. When does development of the heart begin
Ductus venosus
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Before the third week of gestation
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

43. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Water
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

44. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
4
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
From the ascending aorta
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

45. What arteries supply the heart
Mitral valve
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

46. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
There are 4
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

47. What is cardiac tamponade
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Right atrium or venae cavae
Done on the aerodigestive tract

48. What is the location of the heart
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ductus venosus

49. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Generator and electrode
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Lower chambers - ventricles

50. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ligamentum venosum
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

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Cardiac Surgery

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