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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is bradycardia
Disease of the heart muscle
4
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Right atrium or venae cavae

2. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

3. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
The contraction phase of the heart
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Generator and electrode

4. What is coarctation of the aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Chordae tendineae
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

5. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Before the third week of gestation
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Upper chambers - atria
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

6. What does the cardiac cycle include
72 bpm
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Upper chambers - atria

7. What is the circulation through the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Pericardial fluid

8. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Generator and electrode
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles

9. What arteries supply the heart
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
There are 4

10. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Generator and electrode

11. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Mitral valve
Right atrium or venae cavae
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

12. What is diastole
Water
The relaxation phase of the heart
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

13. What is the most common chest deformity
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The relaxation phase of the heart

14. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Mitral valve

15. How many chambers in the heart
Mechanical or biologic
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Water
4

16. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Mechanical or biologic
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

17. How many pulmonary veins are there
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
There are 4
Ligamentum venosum
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

18. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Disease of the heart muscle

19. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
There are 4
Chordae tendineae

20. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Upper chambers - atria
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

21. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Right atrium or venae cavae
A single artery arising from both ventricles

22. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ligamentum venosum
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Lower chambers - ventricles

23. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Generator and electrode
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles

24. What does the umbilical vein become
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ductus venosus
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
72 bpm

25. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Upper chambers - atria
Right atrium or venae cavae
4

26. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Chordae tendineae

27. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
Generator and electrode
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

28. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ligamentum venosum
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

29. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Chordae tendineae
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

30. When does development of the heart begin
Mechanical or biologic
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Before the third week of gestation

31. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
From the ascending aorta
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

32. What is cardiomyopathy
Right atrium or venae cavae
Disease of the heart muscle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
From the ascending aorta

33. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
The contraction phase of the heart
Ligamentum venosum

34. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Mechanical or biologic
Disease of the heart muscle
4

35. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

36. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
From the ascending aorta
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Done on the aerodigestive tract

37. What is pulmonary stenosis
Mechanical or biologic
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles

38. What is an atrial septal defect
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

39. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Before the third week of gestation
Mitral valve

40. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
72 bpm
Before the third week of gestation
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

41. What is cardiac tamponade
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Sternal notch
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

42. What is systole
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
The contraction phase of the heart
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
The relaxation phase of the heart

43. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
There are 4
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

44. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Lower chambers - ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

45. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Generator and electrode
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Mitral valve

46. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Chordae tendineae
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

47. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

48. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Generator and electrode
Ductus venosus
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

49. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

50. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ligamentum venosum
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Pericardial fluid

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Cardiac Surgery

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