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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are non-sterile procedures
Water
The relaxation phase of the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract

2. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
The relaxation phase of the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Chordae tendineae
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

3. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

4. What arteries supply the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Disease of the heart muscle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

5. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

6. What is cardiac tamponade
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

7. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
Chordae tendineae
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

8. What is cardiomyopathy
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Disease of the heart muscle

9. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Right atrium or venae cavae

10. What is tricuspid atresia
Sternal notch
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

11. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Sternal notch
Done on the aerodigestive tract

12. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Right atrium or venae cavae
Lower chambers - ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Atria

13. what covers the heart
Water
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

14. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Localized narrowing of the aorta

15. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Water

16. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
Ligamentum venosum
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

17. How many pulmonary veins are there
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
There are 4
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

18. What is an atrial septal defect
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Done on the aerodigestive tract

19. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Mitral valve
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

20. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
Before the third week of gestation
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

21. What does the cardiac cycle include
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ligamentum venosum
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

22. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Mechanical or biologic
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Sternal notch
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

23. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Generator and electrode
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

24. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Water
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Pericardial fluid
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

25. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Mitral valve

26. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Mechanical or biologic
Done on the aerodigestive tract

27. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

28. What is the rastelli procedure
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Before the third week of gestation

29. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Water
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

30. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Water
Ligamentum venosum
Sternal notch

31. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

32. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Mechanical or biologic

33. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Lower chambers - ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

34. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

35. What is the circulation through the heart
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

36. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Before the third week of gestation
Chordae tendineae
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

37. What are the layers of the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Water
Upper chambers - atria

38. What does the umbilical vein become
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Localized narrowing of the aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ductus venosus

39. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Before the third week of gestation
Pericardial fluid
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

40. When does development of the heart begin
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Before the third week of gestation
Water

41. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Chordae tendineae
Right atrium or venae cavae
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

42. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Disease of the heart muscle
Upper chambers - atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

43. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Generator and electrode
Right atrium or venae cavae
A single artery arising from both ventricles

44. What is the name for the upper chambers
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Atria
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

45. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Mechanical or biologic
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

46. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
From the ascending aorta
Generator and electrode
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Mitral valve

47. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Done on the aerodigestive tract

48. What is diastole
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
The relaxation phase of the heart
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

49. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Sternal notch
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

50. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle