Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Sternal notch
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

2. What is the name for the lower chambers
There are 4
Ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

3. When does development of the heart begin
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Before the third week of gestation
72 bpm

4. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Atria
Chordae tendineae

5. What are non-sterile procedures
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
4
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Done on the aerodigestive tract

6. What is pulmonary stenosis
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
From the ascending aorta

7. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Atria
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

8. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Mechanical or biologic
Right atrium or venae cavae
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
4

9. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Sternal notch
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

10. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
72 bpm
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

11. What is diastole
Pericardial fluid
The relaxation phase of the heart
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
From the ascending aorta

12. What are the layers of the heart
The contraction phase of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

13. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ligamentum venosum
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

14. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Pericardial fluid
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

15. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Before the third week of gestation
Pericardial fluid
Ventricles

16. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
From the ascending aorta
Pericardial fluid
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

17. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
From the ascending aorta
Ligamentum venosum
Before the third week of gestation
The relaxation phase of the heart

18. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

19. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

20. What does the umbilical vein become
Atria
Ductus venosus
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

21. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ductus venosus
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
4

22. what covers the heart
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
From the ascending aorta
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

23. Where does the coronary artery arise
Lower chambers - ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle
From the ascending aorta
Ventricles

24. What is the bundle of his
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Upper chambers - atria

25. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Chordae tendineae
Sternal notch

26. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
From the ascending aorta
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

27. What is coarctation of the aorta
72 bpm
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Localized narrowing of the aorta

28. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
Pericardial fluid
Ductus venosus
Upper chambers - atria

29. what vessels are used for CPBG
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

30. How many chambers in the heart
4
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

31. What is the most common chest deformity
Lower chambers - ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract

32. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Mechanical or biologic
Chordae tendineae
Ductus venosus
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

33. What is the name for the upper chambers
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Atria

34. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Upper chambers - atria
Mechanical or biologic
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

35. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Lower chambers - ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Water
The relaxation phase of the heart

36. What is the location of the heart
From the ascending aorta
Ligamentum venosum
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

37. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Chordae tendineae

38. What are acyanotic defects
Sternal notch
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Mitral valve
Right atrium or venae cavae

39. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Mechanical or biologic
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Before the third week of gestation

40. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

41. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Mechanical or biologic
Ventricles
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

42. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Mechanical or biologic

43. What is bradycardia
Ductus venosus
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Atria

44. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Lower chambers - ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

45. Where is the bicuspid valve located
From the ascending aorta
Disease of the heart muscle
Water
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

46. What is tricuspid atresia
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

47. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Mitral valve
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

48. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Water
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Localized narrowing of the aorta

49. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

50. What is a ventricular septal defect
Water
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles