Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

2. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

3. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Done on the aerodigestive tract
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

4. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Chordae tendineae
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

5. what covers the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

6. What is a ventricular septal defect
Atria
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ductus venosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

7. What is the name for the upper chambers
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Atria

8. How many pulmonary veins are there
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
There are 4
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

9. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
From the ascending aorta
Ligamentum venosum
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

10. What does the umbilical vein become
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
4
Ductus venosus

11. What is the bundle of his
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Sternal notch

12. What is bradycardia
Generator and electrode
Mechanical or biologic
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Water

13. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Water
Atria
Localized narrowing of the aorta

14. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Chordae tendineae
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

15. What is the most common chest deformity
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
72 bpm

16. What is the location of the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Disease of the heart muscle

17. What are acyanotic defects
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

18. Where does the coronary artery arise
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Mechanical or biologic
From the ascending aorta
Ductus venosus

19. What does the cardiac cycle include
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
From the ascending aorta
The contraction phase of the heart

20. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
4
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

21. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
The contraction phase of the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

22. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Before the third week of gestation
Pericardial fluid
Ligamentum venosum
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

23. What are cyanotic defects
Before the third week of gestation
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

24. What is pulmonary stenosis
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

25. What arteries supply the heart
There are 4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

26. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

27. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Water
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

28. What is systole
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart
Upper chambers - atria

29. what vessels are used for CPBG
Mitral valve
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

30. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Generator and electrode
Sternal notch
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Pericardial fluid

31. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
The relaxation phase of the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

32. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

33. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Generator and electrode
Upper chambers - atria
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

34. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
Atria
The contraction phase of the heart
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

35. What is the rastelli procedure
Mitral valve
Upper chambers - atria
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Chordae tendineae

36. How many chambers in the heart
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
4
Ventricles

37. What is coarctation of the aorta
Mechanical or biologic
Ligamentum venosum
Lower chambers - ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta

38. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Chordae tendineae
Mechanical or biologic
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

39. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Upper chambers - atria
Lower chambers - ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

40. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

41. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Before the third week of gestation

42. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ductus venosus
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

43. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Before the third week of gestation

44. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Mitral valve
Lower chambers - ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ligamentum venosum

45. What are the layers of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

46. What are non-sterile procedures
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

47. What is cardiomyopathy
Ductus venosus
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Disease of the heart muscle
The relaxation phase of the heart

48. What is cardiac tamponade
A single artery arising from both ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

49. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

50. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Disease of the heart muscle
72 bpm
Lower chambers - ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery