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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

2. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ventricles
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

3. What are non-sterile procedures
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Before the third week of gestation
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

4. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

5. How many pulmonary veins are there
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
There are 4
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

6. What arteries supply the heart
Upper chambers - atria
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

7. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Mitral valve
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

8. What are the layers of the heart
Upper chambers - atria
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

9. How many chambers in the heart
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Disease of the heart muscle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
4

10. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
A single artery arising from both ventricles
There are 4

11. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
There are 4
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

12. What is an atrial septal defect
Chordae tendineae
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
72 bpm

13. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Lower chambers - ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae
Water
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

14. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Mitral valve
Before the third week of gestation

15. What is diastole
4
Water
The relaxation phase of the heart
A single artery arising from both ventricles

16. What is pulmonary stenosis
Ductus venosus
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Before the third week of gestation

17. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Sternal notch
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
72 bpm
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

18. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Sternal notch
Atria
Ligamentum venosum

19. What is tricuspid atresia
Before the third week of gestation
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Disease of the heart muscle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

20. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Disease of the heart muscle
72 bpm
Upper chambers - atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

21. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
72 bpm
4
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

22. What is a ventricular septal defect
Mechanical or biologic
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Sternal notch
The contraction phase of the heart

23. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
A single artery arising from both ventricles
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

24. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

25. What is the circulation through the heart
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

26. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

27. What is cardiac tamponade
Before the third week of gestation
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The relaxation phase of the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

28. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
72 bpm
Right atrium or venae cavae
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

29. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Generator and electrode
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

30. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Mechanical or biologic
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Chordae tendineae

31. What is the name for the upper chambers
Generator and electrode
From the ascending aorta
Atria
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

32. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
72 bpm
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Sternal notch

33. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

34. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

35. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
4
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Pericardial fluid
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

36. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart

37. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

38. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

39. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Before the third week of gestation
Upper chambers - atria

40. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

41. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Mitral valve
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

42. What are cyanotic defects
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

43. what vessels are used for CPBG
72 bpm
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ligamentum venosum
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

44. What is the bundle of his
Disease of the heart muscle
Mechanical or biologic
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

45. What is systole
Before the third week of gestation
Upper chambers - atria
The contraction phase of the heart
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

46. What does the umbilical vein become
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Mitral valve
Ductus venosus
Mechanical or biologic

47. What is the location of the heart
Ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

48. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

49. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
The relaxation phase of the heart
72 bpm
Mitral valve
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

50. When does development of the heart begin
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
4
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Before the third week of gestation