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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

2. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Lower chambers - ventricles
Generator and electrode
Chordae tendineae
From the ascending aorta

3. What does the umbilical vein become
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ductus venosus
Upper chambers - atria

4. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

5. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Mechanical or biologic
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

6. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Chordae tendineae
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
A single artery arising from both ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

7. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Generator and electrode
Mechanical or biologic

8. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
The contraction phase of the heart
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

9. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Pericardial fluid
Atria

10. What are acyanotic defects
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

11. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Generator and electrode
The contraction phase of the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

12. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

13. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
The contraction phase of the heart

14. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Sternal notch
Localized narrowing of the aorta

15. What is diastole
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
Disease of the heart muscle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

16. What are non-sterile procedures
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

17. How many chambers in the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
4
Atria
Generator and electrode

18. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
The contraction phase of the heart
Ventricles
Mitral valve
72 bpm

19. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Upper chambers - atria
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ligamentum venosum

20. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Generator and electrode
Ductus venosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles

21. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Lower chambers - ventricles
Pericardial fluid
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

22. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Mechanical or biologic

23. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

24. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Mitral valve

25. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
The contraction phase of the heart
4
Water

26. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Chordae tendineae
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

27. what covers the heart
Ligamentum venosum
Atria
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

28. What are cyanotic defects
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Generator and electrode
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

29. What arteries supply the heart
A single artery arising from both ventricles
72 bpm
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

30. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Ductus venosus
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

31. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Atria
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Upper chambers - atria

32. How many pulmonary veins are there
The relaxation phase of the heart
There are 4
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

33. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

34. what vessels are used for CPBG
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles

35. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Atria
72 bpm
4

36. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Sternal notch
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

37. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart

38. What is the bundle of his
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

39. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

40. What are the layers of the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

41. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Pericardial fluid
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

42. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
From the ascending aorta
Atria
Sternal notch
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

43. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Disease of the heart muscle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

44. What is a ventricular septal defect
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
72 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

45. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ligamentum venosum
Right atrium or venae cavae

46. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Disease of the heart muscle
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Chordae tendineae

47. What does the cardiac cycle include
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

48. What is bradycardia
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
72 bpm

49. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Lower chambers - ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

50. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
Chordae tendineae
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat