Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is a ventricular septal defect
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Sternal notch
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

2. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Generator and electrode
Lower chambers - ventricles

3. What is the location of the heart
Upper chambers - atria
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

4. What does the umbilical vein become
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ductus venosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

5. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

6. What is the circulation through the heart
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

7. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
From the ascending aorta

8. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

9. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Mechanical or biologic
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Disease of the heart muscle
Sternal notch

10. What is the name for the lower chambers
The contraction phase of the heart
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

11. What are acyanotic defects
Atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

12. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Sternal notch
Mitral valve
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

13. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Mechanical or biologic

14. What is the rastelli procedure
Mechanical or biologic
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
There are 4
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

15. How many pulmonary veins are there
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
There are 4
Before the third week of gestation
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

16. What arteries supply the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ductus venosus
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

17. What are cyanotic defects
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Generator and electrode
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

18. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
From the ascending aorta

19. what covers the heart
Ductus venosus
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

20. What does the cardiac cycle include
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

21. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

22. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

23. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
4
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

24. What is systole
Generator and electrode
The contraction phase of the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
From the ascending aorta

25. What is coarctation of the aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Mechanical or biologic
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

26. When does development of the heart begin
72 bpm
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Before the third week of gestation
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

27. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Right atrium or venae cavae
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

28. What are non-sterile procedures
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ductus venosus
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Done on the aerodigestive tract

29. What is diastole
72 bpm
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart

30. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ligamentum venosum
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae

31. What is an atrial septal defect
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
The contraction phase of the heart
Localized narrowing of the aorta

32. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Lower chambers - ventricles
Atria
The relaxation phase of the heart

33. What are the layers of the heart
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Right atrium or venae cavae
Disease of the heart muscle

34. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
From the ascending aorta

35. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Lower chambers - ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
4
Right atrium or venae cavae

36. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Mechanical or biologic
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

37. What is the bundle of his
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Generator and electrode
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

38. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Ventricles
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

39. What is bradycardia
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Right atrium or venae cavae
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

40. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Mechanical or biologic
Ligamentum venosum
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Disease of the heart muscle

41. Where does the coronary artery arise
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
From the ascending aorta
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

42. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Pericardial fluid

43. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
4
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

44. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Before the third week of gestation
Upper chambers - atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

45. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Upper chambers - atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles

46. What is the most common chest deformity
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

47. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
4
There are 4

48. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ventricles
Chordae tendineae
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

49. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Generator and electrode
Before the third week of gestation
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

50. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart
4