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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What arteries supply the heart
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Lower chambers - ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Before the third week of gestation

2. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
There are 4
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Disease of the heart muscle

3. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
72 bpm
From the ascending aorta

4. What are acyanotic defects
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Upper chambers - atria
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

5. What is cardiomyopathy
Right atrium or venae cavae
Disease of the heart muscle
Ligamentum venosum
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

6. What is the location of the heart
Pericardial fluid
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

7. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
4

8. How many chambers in the heart
Water
Done on the aerodigestive tract
4
72 bpm

9. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ductus venosus
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

10. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Lower chambers - ventricles
Mitral valve
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

11. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Generator and electrode
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

12. What is the circulation through the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

13. What is the most common chest deformity
Disease of the heart muscle
Lower chambers - ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

14. What is systole
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ligamentum venosum
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
The contraction phase of the heart

15. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
From the ascending aorta

16. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Mechanical or biologic
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ligamentum venosum
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

17. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
4
Atria
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ventricles

18. What are non-sterile procedures
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

19. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
There are 4
Chordae tendineae
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

20. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Water
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

21. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Generator and electrode
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

22. What is cardiac tamponade
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Before the third week of gestation
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ligamentum venosum

23. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
There are 4
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

24. Where does the coronary artery arise
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
From the ascending aorta
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

25. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Sternal notch
Upper chambers - atria
Mitral valve

26. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

27. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Mechanical or biologic
Right atrium or venae cavae
Disease of the heart muscle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

28. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

29. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Sternal notch
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

30. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
The contraction phase of the heart
Water
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

31. What is the name for the lower chambers
Chordae tendineae
Ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

32. What is coarctation of the aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

33. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Before the third week of gestation
Mechanical or biologic
Upper chambers - atria
Ligamentum venosum

34. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
Ligamentum venosum
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
There are 4

35. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Done on the aerodigestive tract
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

36. What are the layers of the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

37. What is bradycardia
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

38. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Lower chambers - ventricles
Pericardial fluid
Mitral valve

39. When does development of the heart begin
4
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Before the third week of gestation
There are 4

40. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ligamentum venosum

41. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Mitral valve
From the ascending aorta
Before the third week of gestation
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

42. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Lower chambers - ventricles

43. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
4
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

44. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Generator and electrode
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

45. What is the bundle of his
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

46. How many pulmonary veins are there
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Mechanical or biologic
There are 4
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

47. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Water

48. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
72 bpm
Right atrium or venae cavae
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

49. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Mechanical or biologic

50. what covers the heart
Localized narrowing of the aorta
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side