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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Localized narrowing of the aorta
From the ascending aorta
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

2. What is an atrial septal defect
Water
Atria
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

3. What is systole
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
The contraction phase of the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Ventricles

4. What is the name for the lower chambers
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ventricles
From the ascending aorta

5. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Water
Mitral valve
Upper chambers - atria
Localized narrowing of the aorta

6. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
The relaxation phase of the heart
Pericardial fluid

7. What are non-sterile procedures
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract

8. What is the circulation through the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

9. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Water
The relaxation phase of the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

10. What is tricuspid atresia
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

11. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Atria
Before the third week of gestation
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

12. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Mitral valve

13. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Atria
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
From the ascending aorta

14. What is cardiac tamponade
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

15. What is the most common chest deformity
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

16. When does development of the heart begin
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Before the third week of gestation
Sternal notch
Disease of the heart muscle

17. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

18. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
The relaxation phase of the heart
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Pericardial fluid
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

19. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Before the third week of gestation
Generator and electrode
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Mechanical or biologic

20. How many pulmonary veins are there
Before the third week of gestation
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
There are 4

21. What does the cardiac cycle include
Mechanical or biologic
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
4

22. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
From the ascending aorta
Water
There are 4

23. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ligamentum venosum
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Mitral valve

24. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Before the third week of gestation

25. Where does the coronary artery arise
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Right atrium or venae cavae
From the ascending aorta
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

26. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Ligamentum venosum
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Water

27. What is a ventricular septal defect
Pericardial fluid
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

28. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Generator and electrode
Ligamentum venosum
Sternal notch
Done on the aerodigestive tract

29. what vessels are used for CPBG
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ligamentum venosum
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles

30. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

31. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Atria
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

32. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Lower chambers - ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

33. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Mechanical or biologic
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

34. What is coarctation of the aorta
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Localized narrowing of the aorta

35. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ligamentum venosum
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

36. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
72 bpm
Right atrium or venae cavae

37. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
The contraction phase of the heart
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

38. What is cardiomyopathy
Sternal notch
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Disease of the heart muscle

39. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Chordae tendineae
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

40. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

41. What is bradycardia
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

42. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

43. What is pulmonary stenosis
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Disease of the heart muscle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

44. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

45. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Generator and electrode
Ligamentum venosum
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

46. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Ductus venosus
Right atrium or venae cavae
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Generator and electrode

47. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

48. How many chambers in the heart
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
4
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

49. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Pericardial fluid
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

50. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

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Cardiac Surgery

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