Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How many pulmonary veins are there
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
There are 4
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

2. What is cardiomyopathy
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Pericardial fluid
Disease of the heart muscle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

3. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

4. What is coarctation of the aorta
Generator and electrode
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Before the third week of gestation
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

5. What is the bundle of his
Ligamentum venosum
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ductus venosus
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

6. Where does the coronary artery arise
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
From the ascending aorta

7. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ductus venosus
Atria
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

8. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Before the third week of gestation
Atria
Disease of the heart muscle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

9. What is the location of the heart
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ventricles

10. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
4
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

11. What is the name for the upper chambers
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Sternal notch
Atria
A single artery arising from both ventricles

12. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Upper chambers - atria

13. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

14. What is tricuspid atresia
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Lower chambers - ventricles
Before the third week of gestation

15. What is the name for the lower chambers
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ductus venosus
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ventricles

16. What is cardiac tamponade
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
72 bpm
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

17. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Disease of the heart muscle
Ventricles
Sternal notch

18. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Disease of the heart muscle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

19. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

20. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Upper chambers - atria
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

21. what vessels are used for CPBG
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Mitral valve
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

22. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Lower chambers - ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Before the third week of gestation

23. What does the cardiac cycle include
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The contraction phase of the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

24. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ductus venosus
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Chordae tendineae

25. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Sternal notch

26. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Atria
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Mechanical or biologic
Sternal notch

27. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

28. What is systole
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
The contraction phase of the heart

29. What is diastole
From the ascending aorta
The relaxation phase of the heart
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Right atrium or venae cavae

30. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

31. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Chordae tendineae
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

32. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Right atrium or venae cavae
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

33. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

34. What are the layers of the heart
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Mitral valve
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

35. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Water
Generator and electrode

36. What is the rastelli procedure
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Pericardial fluid
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

37. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Sternal notch

38. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ligamentum venosum
Mitral valve

39. What is the most common chest deformity
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ductus venosus
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

40. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Mitral valve

41. What is bradycardia
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
The relaxation phase of the heart

42. What is the circulation through the heart
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Disease of the heart muscle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

43. How many chambers in the heart
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
4
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

44. What are cyanotic defects
Atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

45. What does the umbilical vein become
Pericardial fluid
Ductus venosus
Generator and electrode
Mitral valve

46. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
72 bpm

47. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Sternal notch
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

48. What are non-sterile procedures
Ligamentum venosum
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Upper chambers - atria
Disease of the heart muscle

49. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Generator and electrode
Lower chambers - ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle

50. what covers the heart
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria