Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
72 bpm

2. What is diastole
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The relaxation phase of the heart

3. Where is the bicuspid valve located
The relaxation phase of the heart
Mitral valve
Sternal notch
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

4. What arteries supply the heart
Disease of the heart muscle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
There are 4
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

5. When does development of the heart begin
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Before the third week of gestation
Pericardial fluid

6. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

7. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ligamentum venosum
Right atrium or venae cavae

8. What is the bundle of his
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

9. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
72 bpm
Chordae tendineae
The relaxation phase of the heart

10. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Mechanical or biologic
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Atria

11. What are acyanotic defects
Pericardial fluid
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

12. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

13. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Ligamentum venosum
4
Sternal notch

14. What is the name for the upper chambers
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Atria

15. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

16. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Water
Upper chambers - atria
Mechanical or biologic
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

17. What is an atrial septal defect
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
There are 4

18. What is the most common chest deformity
Ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

19. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Generator and electrode

20. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Before the third week of gestation
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

21. What does the umbilical vein become
There are 4
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ductus venosus
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

22. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
There are 4
The relaxation phase of the heart

23. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Mitral valve
Disease of the heart muscle
Generator and electrode

24. What are cyanotic defects
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Lower chambers - ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

25. What is the location of the heart
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Localized narrowing of the aorta
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ductus venosus

26. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Pericardial fluid

27. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

28. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
There are 4
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

29. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Mitral valve
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

30. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ligamentum venosum
Lower chambers - ventricles

31. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Before the third week of gestation

32. How many chambers in the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
4

33. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ventricles
Sternal notch
There are 4

34. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

35. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
From the ascending aorta
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Sternal notch
Atria

36. Where does the coronary artery arise
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
From the ascending aorta

37. What is pulmonary stenosis
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

38. What does the cardiac cycle include
Ductus venosus
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

39. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Right atrium or venae cavae
Mechanical or biologic
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Localized narrowing of the aorta

40. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

41. What is cardiomyopathy
Chordae tendineae
4
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Disease of the heart muscle

42. What are non-sterile procedures
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Generator and electrode
Done on the aerodigestive tract

43. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Pericardial fluid
Upper chambers - atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ductus venosus

44. What is the name for the lower chambers
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ventricles

45. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Mitral valve
Ligamentum venosum
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

46. What is the rastelli procedure
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract

47. What is systole
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The contraction phase of the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

48. What are the layers of the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ligamentum venosum

49. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
From the ascending aorta
Chordae tendineae
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

50. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Lower chambers - ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
A single artery arising from both ventricles