Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What does the cardiac cycle include
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Done on the aerodigestive tract

2. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ductus venosus
Ligamentum venosum
Ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

3. How many pulmonary veins are there
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ductus venosus
Water
There are 4

4. what covers the heart
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

5. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Disease of the heart muscle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Water

6. What is an atrial septal defect
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

7. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Disease of the heart muscle

8. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
Right atrium or venae cavae
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
A single artery arising from both ventricles

9. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ductus venosus
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

10. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Right atrium or venae cavae
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Pericardial fluid

11. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Done on the aerodigestive tract

12. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Done on the aerodigestive tract

13. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Atria
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
72 bpm

14. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Pericardial fluid
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Mitral valve

15. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Generator and electrode
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

16. What is coarctation of the aorta
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Localized narrowing of the aorta

17. What is the most common chest deformity
Upper chambers - atria
Chordae tendineae
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

18. What does the umbilical vein become
4
Ductus venosus
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

19. What is a ventricular septal defect
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Lower chambers - ventricles

20. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Generator and electrode
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Sternal notch

21. What is the name for the upper chambers
Ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Atria

22. What is tricuspid atresia
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Chordae tendineae
Ventricles

23. What are acyanotic defects
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Before the third week of gestation
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

24. What are the layers of the heart
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

25. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Ductus venosus
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

26. What are non-sterile procedures
72 bpm
Done on the aerodigestive tract
From the ascending aorta
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

27. What is systole
Before the third week of gestation
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
There are 4
The contraction phase of the heart

28. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Pericardial fluid
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Chordae tendineae

29. How many chambers in the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
There are 4
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
4

30. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta

31. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
From the ascending aorta
Done on the aerodigestive tract

32. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Sternal notch
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Upper chambers - atria

33. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Generator and electrode
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Upper chambers - atria

34. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Right atrium or venae cavae
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

35. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Mitral valve
Before the third week of gestation
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

36. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Mitral valve
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

37. Where does the coronary artery arise
4
From the ascending aorta
There are 4
Mitral valve

38. What is bradycardia
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

39. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
From the ascending aorta
There are 4
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract

40. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Chordae tendineae

41. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Lower chambers - ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
A single artery arising from both ventricles

42. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Lower chambers - ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

43. What is pulmonary stenosis
Water
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
Sternal notch

44. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
Before the third week of gestation
Ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

45. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Chordae tendineae
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

46. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Mitral valve
Ventricles
From the ascending aorta

47. what vessels are used for CPBG
Lower chambers - ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

48. When does development of the heart begin
Pericardial fluid
Before the third week of gestation
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

49. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ductus venosus

50. What is the rastelli procedure
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ductus venosus