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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
72 bpm
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

2. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Lower chambers - ventricles
Before the third week of gestation
Mitral valve
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

3. What is the location of the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Done on the aerodigestive tract
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
There are 4

4. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ductus venosus
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

5. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Sternal notch
Generator and electrode
Ligamentum venosum
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

6. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Chordae tendineae
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

7. What are acyanotic defects
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
There are 4

8. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
Right atrium or venae cavae
Before the third week of gestation
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

9. What is the bundle of his
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

10. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Upper chambers - atria
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Sternal notch

11. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Disease of the heart muscle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

12. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
The contraction phase of the heart
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

13. What is the name for the upper chambers
Right atrium or venae cavae
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Atria
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

14. Where is the bicuspid valve located
The contraction phase of the heart
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

15. What is an atrial septal defect
Localized narrowing of the aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Upper chambers - atria

16. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

17. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Ductus venosus
Ligamentum venosum
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
A single artery arising from both ventricles

18. what covers the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Lower chambers - ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

19. What does the cardiac cycle include
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Before the third week of gestation
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

20. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Generator and electrode
Localized narrowing of the aorta
A single artery arising from both ventricles

21. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

22. What is the rastelli procedure
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
The relaxation phase of the heart
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

23. What is systole
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

24. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

25. What is bradycardia
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Chordae tendineae
Mitral valve

26. What is the name for the lower chambers
There are 4
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ventricles

27. What are non-sterile procedures
Lower chambers - ventricles
Sternal notch
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

28. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Generator and electrode
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

29. which chambers receive blood from the veins
The contraction phase of the heart
Upper chambers - atria
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

30. How many chambers in the heart
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
4
72 bpm
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

31. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Pericardial fluid
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Sternal notch

32. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Disease of the heart muscle
Water
Ductus venosus
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

33. What is a ventricular septal defect
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

34. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
A single artery arising from both ventricles

35. What is tricuspid atresia
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Atria
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

36. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

37. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Mechanical or biologic
Mitral valve
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

38. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
The relaxation phase of the heart
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

39. How many pulmonary veins are there
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Disease of the heart muscle
The relaxation phase of the heart
There are 4

40. What is cardiac tamponade
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Atria
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

41. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

42. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Ductus venosus
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

43. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Chordae tendineae
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Generator and electrode
Pericardial fluid

44. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Mechanical or biologic
Chordae tendineae
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

45. What is the most common chest deformity
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ventricles

46. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Disease of the heart muscle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

47. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mitral valve
Mechanical or biologic
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ligamentum venosum

48. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
From the ascending aorta
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

49. what vessels are used for CPBG
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid

50. What are the layers of the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Mechanical or biologic
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle