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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

2. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Mechanical or biologic

3. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
72 bpm
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

4. What is pulmonary stenosis
Mechanical or biologic
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Upper chambers - atria

5. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

6. Where is the bicuspid valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ventricles

7. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Ductus venosus
Chordae tendineae
Upper chambers - atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

8. What is a ventricular septal defect
72 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

9. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Mitral valve
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

10. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
Pericardial fluid
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

11. What are the layers of the heart
Pericardial fluid
Ventricles
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
There are 4

12. What is an atrial septal defect
Disease of the heart muscle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Atria
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

13. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

14. What are non-sterile procedures
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Lower chambers - ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Done on the aerodigestive tract

15. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
The relaxation phase of the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Water

16. What are acyanotic defects
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Ligamentum venosum
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

17. What is coarctation of the aorta
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Localized narrowing of the aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

18. When does development of the heart begin
Sternal notch
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Before the third week of gestation
Water

19. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Water

20. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Before the third week of gestation
Mechanical or biologic
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

21. What is diastole
Before the third week of gestation
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Upper chambers - atria
The relaxation phase of the heart

22. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Ligamentum venosum
Chordae tendineae
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

23. What is the name for the lower chambers
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ventricles
Chordae tendineae
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

24. What is the location of the heart
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
72 bpm
The relaxation phase of the heart

25. What is the bundle of his
There are 4
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

26. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
A single artery arising from both ventricles
72 bpm
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

27. What does the umbilical vein become
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ductus venosus
Ligamentum venosum

28. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

29. what covers the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
A single artery arising from both ventricles

30. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta

31. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Localized narrowing of the aorta

32. What does the cardiac cycle include
Mitral valve
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Lower chambers - ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

33. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

34. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
A single artery arising from both ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Pericardial fluid
Generator and electrode

35. What are cyanotic defects
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Sternal notch

36. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Lower chambers - ventricles
There are 4

37. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

38. What is bradycardia
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
72 bpm

39. What is systole
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
72 bpm
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
The contraction phase of the heart

40. what vessels are used for CPBG
Sternal notch
Mechanical or biologic
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

41. What is the name for the upper chambers
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Atria
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

42. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

43. What arteries supply the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
There are 4
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

44. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Mechanical or biologic

45. What is tricuspid atresia
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
There are 4

46. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
From the ascending aorta
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

47. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

48. What is the rastelli procedure
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
From the ascending aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

49. How many chambers in the heart
4
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Chordae tendineae

50. Where is the tricuspid valve located
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Chordae tendineae
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

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Cardiac Surgery

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