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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ligamentum venosum
Chordae tendineae
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

2. When does development of the heart begin
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Before the third week of gestation
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

3. What are cyanotic defects
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

4. What are the layers of the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Done on the aerodigestive tract

5. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
There are 4
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

6. What is cardiac tamponade
A single artery arising from both ventricles
From the ascending aorta
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

7. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Mechanical or biologic
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ductus venosus
Water

8. What is an atrial septal defect
Upper chambers - atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ductus venosus

9. What is tricuspid atresia
Disease of the heart muscle
Sternal notch
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

10. How many chambers in the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
4

11. What is the name for the lower chambers
72 bpm
Upper chambers - atria
4
Ventricles

12. What does the umbilical vein become
Water
Ductus venosus
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

13. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
The contraction phase of the heart
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

14. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

15. What are acyanotic defects
Ductus venosus
The contraction phase of the heart
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Done on the aerodigestive tract

16. How many pulmonary veins are there
Ligamentum venosum
There are 4
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ventricles

17. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Chordae tendineae
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
From the ascending aorta

18. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
A single artery arising from both ventricles

19. What is bradycardia
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
72 bpm
Mitral valve

20. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Right atrium or venae cavae
Lower chambers - ventricles
Mitral valve

21. What is the rastelli procedure
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

22. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Right atrium or venae cavae
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
4

23. What is the bundle of his
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Mechanical or biologic
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

24. What arteries supply the heart
Generator and electrode
Upper chambers - atria
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

25. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
Lower chambers - ventricles
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

26. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Lower chambers - ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

27. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Before the third week of gestation

28. What is the most common chest deformity
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Mechanical or biologic
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

29. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

30. What is diastole
Ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
The relaxation phase of the heart

31. What is the name for the upper chambers
Disease of the heart muscle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Generator and electrode
Atria

32. What is the location of the heart
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
There are 4
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Done on the aerodigestive tract

33. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Chordae tendineae
Right atrium or venae cavae

34. Where does the coronary artery arise
There are 4
From the ascending aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

35. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Chordae tendineae
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

36. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The relaxation phase of the heart
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
A single artery arising from both ventricles

37. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Atria
Chordae tendineae

38. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

39. What is cardiomyopathy
Ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Disease of the heart muscle
Ligamentum venosum

40. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ligamentum venosum
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

41. What is a ventricular septal defect
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
72 bpm

42. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Disease of the heart muscle
Pericardial fluid
There are 4

43. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Sternal notch
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Mitral valve

44. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Before the third week of gestation
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

45. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
72 bpm
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Mitral valve

46. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Generator and electrode
Upper chambers - atria

47. What is pulmonary stenosis
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

48. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

49. what covers the heart
4
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

50. What is coarctation of the aorta
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ventricles