Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. what vessels are used for CPBG
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract

2. What is the rastelli procedure
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Sternal notch

3. what covers the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Chordae tendineae
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

4. Where does the coronary artery arise
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ductus venosus
From the ascending aorta
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

5. What are acyanotic defects
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
The contraction phase of the heart
Atria
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

6. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
4
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

7. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Upper chambers - atria
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Mitral valve

8. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Pericardial fluid
Done on the aerodigestive tract

9. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
72 bpm
Generator and electrode
Sternal notch

10. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Atria
Mechanical or biologic

11. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Chordae tendineae
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Right atrium or venae cavae
Localized narrowing of the aorta

12. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Chordae tendineae
Ductus venosus
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Generator and electrode

13. What are cyanotic defects
Ductus venosus
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

14. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

15. What is the most common chest deformity
Water
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Mechanical or biologic

16. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Water
The relaxation phase of the heart

17. What is the location of the heart
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

18. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

19. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Before the third week of gestation
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

20. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Pericardial fluid

21. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Mechanical or biologic
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

22. What is pulmonary stenosis
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

23. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
A single artery arising from both ventricles
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

24. What is a ventricular septal defect
Done on the aerodigestive tract
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
From the ascending aorta

25. How many pulmonary veins are there
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Water
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
There are 4

26. What is the name for the upper chambers
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Atria
Localized narrowing of the aorta
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

27. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
A single artery arising from both ventricles

28. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Water
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

29. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
From the ascending aorta
Mitral valve
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

30. What are the layers of the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

31. What are non-sterile procedures
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Before the third week of gestation

32. What is bradycardia
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

33. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ligamentum venosum
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

34. When does development of the heart begin
72 bpm
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Before the third week of gestation

35. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Water
Ligamentum venosum
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

36. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Right atrium or venae cavae
Water

37. What is diastole
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae

38. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
72 bpm
Mitral valve
Mechanical or biologic
There are 4

39. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Mechanical or biologic
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

40. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Right atrium or venae cavae
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

41. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Sternal notch

42. What does the cardiac cycle include
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ductus venosus
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

43. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
The relaxation phase of the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
The contraction phase of the heart
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

44. What is the bundle of his
From the ascending aorta
The contraction phase of the heart
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta

45. What is an atrial septal defect
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
72 bpm
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

46. How many chambers in the heart
72 bpm
4
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Mitral valve

47. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

48. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Generator and electrode
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

49. What is systole
Water
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Chordae tendineae
The contraction phase of the heart

50. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Mechanical or biologic
Chordae tendineae
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ligamentum venosum