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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
4
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

2. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Upper chambers - atria
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Lower chambers - ventricles

3. What is the bundle of his
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

4. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Chordae tendineae
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

5. What is a ventricular septal defect
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

6. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
72 bpm
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

7. What does the cardiac cycle include
Water
Chordae tendineae
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

8. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Disease of the heart muscle
Pericardial fluid
The relaxation phase of the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

9. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
The relaxation phase of the heart
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

10. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

11. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
72 bpm
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

12. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

13. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Done on the aerodigestive tract
4
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Sternal notch

14. What is the rastelli procedure
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
From the ascending aorta
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

15. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Disease of the heart muscle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

16. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

17. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Pericardial fluid

18. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

19. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Water
Before the third week of gestation
Mechanical or biologic
The contraction phase of the heart

20. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Water
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

21. How many chambers in the heart
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
4
There are 4
Generator and electrode

22. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ductus venosus
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

23. What are the layers of the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

24. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
Right atrium or venae cavae
Before the third week of gestation
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

25. What is cardiac tamponade
Sternal notch
From the ascending aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Chordae tendineae

26. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Done on the aerodigestive tract
A single artery arising from both ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

27. What is an atrial septal defect
Mitral valve
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

28. How many pulmonary veins are there
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Water
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
There are 4

29. what covers the heart
Ductus venosus
4
Water
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

30. what vessels are used for CPBG
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

31. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ventricles
Ductus venosus

32. What is systole
72 bpm
Upper chambers - atria
The contraction phase of the heart
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

33. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
Pericardial fluid
Water
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

34. What is diastole
4
The relaxation phase of the heart
Ligamentum venosum
Water

35. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
The contraction phase of the heart
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ligamentum venosum

36. What is pulmonary stenosis
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Mitral valve
The relaxation phase of the heart
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

37. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
72 bpm
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Lower chambers - ventricles
Chordae tendineae

38. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

39. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Chordae tendineae

40. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Mechanical or biologic
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

41. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Atria
Ligamentum venosum

42. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Disease of the heart muscle
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Localized narrowing of the aorta

43. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ventricles
Pericardial fluid

44. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Sternal notch
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

45. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
From the ascending aorta
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Right atrium or venae cavae
Before the third week of gestation

46. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Pericardial fluid
Generator and electrode

47. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Ductus venosus
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Water
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

48. What is bradycardia
72 bpm
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Lower chambers - ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

49. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Localized narrowing of the aorta
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

50. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)