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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Sternal notch
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

2. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Mechanical or biologic

3. What is systole
Water
Right atrium or venae cavae
The contraction phase of the heart
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

4. What is the bundle of his
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Chordae tendineae
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
4

5. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The contraction phase of the heart
Mitral valve
Ligamentum venosum

6. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Generator and electrode
Disease of the heart muscle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

7. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
From the ascending aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

8. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
There are 4
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Disease of the heart muscle

9. What does the umbilical vein become
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ductus venosus
72 bpm

10. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Chordae tendineae

11. What is cardiomyopathy
Pericardial fluid
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Chordae tendineae
Disease of the heart muscle

12. How many chambers in the heart
Atria
4
There are 4
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

13. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Chordae tendineae
Generator and electrode
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

14. What is the most common chest deformity
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Disease of the heart muscle
The contraction phase of the heart
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

15. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

16. What is the name for the lower chambers
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

17. What are acyanotic defects
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

18. What is coarctation of the aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
There are 4
Ligamentum venosum

19. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ventricles
Sternal notch
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

20. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Disease of the heart muscle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Water

21. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Right atrium or venae cavae
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

22. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Chordae tendineae
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

23. what covers the heart
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
4

24. What arteries supply the heart
72 bpm
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

25. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

26. What is an atrial septal defect
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
From the ascending aorta
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

27. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Chordae tendineae

28. What are the layers of the heart
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
There are 4

29. what vessels are used for CPBG
Pericardial fluid
Lower chambers - ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

30. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

31. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Disease of the heart muscle
Ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart

32. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
The contraction phase of the heart
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

33. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
There are 4
Chordae tendineae
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
72 bpm

34. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Mechanical or biologic
Pericardial fluid
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

35. What is the name for the upper chambers
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Atria
72 bpm
A single artery arising from both ventricles

36. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The contraction phase of the heart
There are 4

37. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Upper chambers - atria
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ductus venosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

38. What is the rastelli procedure
Ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

39. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ductus venosus
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

40. What is bradycardia
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

41. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Generator and electrode
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

42. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

43. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
From the ascending aorta
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

44. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
The relaxation phase of the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Water

45. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

46. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Generator and electrode
Atria
Pericardial fluid

47. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The contraction phase of the heart
Mechanical or biologic
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

48. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
Generator and electrode
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

49. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

50. What is cardiac tamponade
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
The relaxation phase of the heart
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium