Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
The relaxation phase of the heart
From the ascending aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

2. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Atria
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

3. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
A single artery arising from both ventricles

4. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ligamentum venosum

5. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles

6. What does the umbilical vein become
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ductus venosus
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
4

7. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Upper chambers - atria
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

8. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
The relaxation phase of the heart
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

9. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Right atrium or venae cavae
Mitral valve
Before the third week of gestation
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

10. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Atria
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Before the third week of gestation
Mechanical or biologic

11. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Sternal notch
Before the third week of gestation

12. What are cyanotic defects
The relaxation phase of the heart
Atria
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

13. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Sternal notch
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

14. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
From the ascending aorta
The contraction phase of the heart

15. What is diastole
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The relaxation phase of the heart
Generator and electrode
Chordae tendineae

16. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Lower chambers - ventricles
Upper chambers - atria
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

17. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Water
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

18. What is bradycardia
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

19. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Mechanical or biologic
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Right atrium or venae cavae

20. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
Mitral valve
Lower chambers - ventricles
Disease of the heart muscle

21. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
From the ascending aorta
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

22. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Before the third week of gestation
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Localized narrowing of the aorta

23. What is systole
Atria
Disease of the heart muscle
The contraction phase of the heart
Lower chambers - ventricles

24. Where does the coronary artery arise
Pericardial fluid
From the ascending aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The contraction phase of the heart

25. What is the name for the lower chambers
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

26. What is cardiac tamponade
From the ascending aorta
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

27. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Atria
Chordae tendineae

28. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
A single artery arising from both ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

29. what covers the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Disease of the heart muscle
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

30. How many chambers in the heart
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Pericardial fluid
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
4

31. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Sternal notch

32. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
From the ascending aorta
4
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

33. What is tricuspid atresia
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

34. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ductus venosus
There are 4

35. What is the name for the upper chambers
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
The relaxation phase of the heart
Atria
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

36. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Sternal notch
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
There are 4
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

37. What are the layers of the heart
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Pericardial fluid
From the ascending aorta
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

38. What is the bundle of his
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

39. What is the rastelli procedure
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Disease of the heart muscle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

40. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

41. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Disease of the heart muscle
Right atrium or venae cavae
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ventricles

42. What does the cardiac cycle include
Done on the aerodigestive tract
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
A single artery arising from both ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

43. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

44. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Generator and electrode
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Chordae tendineae

45. What are non-sterile procedures
The contraction phase of the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Atria

46. What is the most common chest deformity
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Water
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
The contraction phase of the heart

47. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Atria

48. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Atria
Pericardial fluid
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

49. What is the location of the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Generator and electrode

50. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
From the ascending aorta
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity