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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. what solution is NOT used during CPB
There are 4
Mitral valve
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Water

2. What does the umbilical vein become
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ductus venosus

3. What is diastole
Atria
The relaxation phase of the heart
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

4. What is coarctation of the aorta
Upper chambers - atria
Ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

5. What is pulmonary stenosis
Mitral valve
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ligamentum venosum
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

6. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ductus venosus
Ligamentum venosum
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

7. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Mechanical or biologic
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

8. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
Mechanical or biologic
Ductus venosus
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

9. What are cyanotic defects
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

10. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ductus venosus
Localized narrowing of the aorta
A single artery arising from both ventricles

11. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
There are 4
Mechanical or biologic
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Sternal notch

12. What is tricuspid atresia
The contraction phase of the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

13. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

14. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Lower chambers - ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta

15. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

16. What arteries supply the heart
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Pericardial fluid
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

17. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Chordae tendineae
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
72 bpm

18. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Sternal notch
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
4

19. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Chordae tendineae
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Generator and electrode

20. What is the location of the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Pericardial fluid
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

21. Where does the coronary artery arise
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
From the ascending aorta

22. What are non-sterile procedures
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Done on the aerodigestive tract
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

23. What is the most common chest deformity
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Disease of the heart muscle

24. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Sternal notch

25. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Water
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Lower chambers - ventricles

26. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Before the third week of gestation
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

27. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Pericardial fluid
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

28. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Pericardial fluid
Water

29. What is the circulation through the heart
4
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
The relaxation phase of the heart

30. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Right atrium or venae cavae
Mitral valve
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

31. What are acyanotic defects
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Water
Pericardial fluid
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

32. what vessels are used for CPBG
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Before the third week of gestation
There are 4

33. What is the rastelli procedure
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

34. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Generator and electrode
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Mitral valve
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

35. What is the bundle of his
Disease of the heart muscle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

36. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
Disease of the heart muscle
There are 4
Generator and electrode

37. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Mitral valve

38. How many chambers in the heart
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ligamentum venosum
Disease of the heart muscle
4

39. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

40. What is bradycardia
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Lower chambers - ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

41. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
Water
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Disease of the heart muscle

42. What is the name for the upper chambers
4
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Atria
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

43. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ligamentum venosum

44. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Pericardial fluid
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Generator and electrode

45. What is a ventricular septal defect
Chordae tendineae
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

46. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
Ductus venosus
Mitral valve
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

47. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae
Before the third week of gestation

48. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

49. what covers the heart
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Mitral valve
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

50. What is an atrial septal defect
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ligamentum venosum