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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is tricuspid atresia
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Atria
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

2. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Generator and electrode
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Pericardial fluid

3. What are cyanotic defects
The contraction phase of the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
4
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

4. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ventricles
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

5. What are the layers of the heart
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Water
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

6. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Mechanical or biologic
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

7. What is the most common chest deformity
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
A single artery arising from both ventricles
From the ascending aorta
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

8. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Pericardial fluid
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

9. What is the circulation through the heart
Ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
72 bpm
Right atrium or venae cavae

10. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Chordae tendineae

11. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Right atrium or venae cavae
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

12. What are non-sterile procedures
72 bpm
Lower chambers - ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Done on the aerodigestive tract

13. what covers the heart
Ventricles
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Chordae tendineae
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

14. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

15. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Lower chambers - ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
72 bpm

16. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ventricles
Water
Mechanical or biologic

17. What is the bundle of his
Upper chambers - atria
Before the third week of gestation
The relaxation phase of the heart
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

18. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

19. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Chordae tendineae

20. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Before the third week of gestation
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

21. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Upper chambers - atria

22. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ventricles

23. When does development of the heart begin
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Pericardial fluid
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Before the third week of gestation

24. Where does the coronary artery arise
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
From the ascending aorta

25. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Chordae tendineae

26. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
A single artery arising from both ventricles

27. What is the name for the lower chambers
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Atria
Ventricles

28. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Ligamentum venosum
Pericardial fluid
Upper chambers - atria
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

29. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Upper chambers - atria
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Sternal notch

30. How many pulmonary veins are there
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
There are 4

31. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
There are 4
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

32. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
The relaxation phase of the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

33. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
Atria
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

34. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

35. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Sternal notch
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

36. What is coarctation of the aorta
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ligamentum venosum

37. What is pulmonary stenosis
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricles
Before the third week of gestation

38. What is diastole
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
The relaxation phase of the heart
From the ascending aorta

39. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

40. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
72 bpm
Chordae tendineae
Ductus venosus

41. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

42. What is cardiomyopathy
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Disease of the heart muscle
A single artery arising from both ventricles
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

43. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
From the ascending aorta
Lower chambers - ventricles

44. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ventricles
72 bpm
Pericardial fluid

45. How many chambers in the heart
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
4
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ligamentum venosum

46. What is bradycardia
Ductus venosus
Done on the aerodigestive tract
There are 4
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

47. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
72 bpm
Disease of the heart muscle

48. What arteries supply the heart
Atria
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

49. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Before the third week of gestation
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

50. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ligamentum venosum
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
From the ascending aorta