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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
4
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

2. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Mechanical or biologic

3. What is tricuspid atresia
There are 4
Disease of the heart muscle
Mechanical or biologic
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

4. What is the name for the lower chambers
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Atria

5. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
Chordae tendineae
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

6. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
The contraction phase of the heart

7. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
72 bpm
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
The relaxation phase of the heart

8. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Pericardial fluid
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

9. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Before the third week of gestation
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

10. What is coarctation of the aorta
72 bpm
Upper chambers - atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Localized narrowing of the aorta

11. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
Chordae tendineae
Before the third week of gestation
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

12. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

13. What is the rastelli procedure
Right atrium or venae cavae
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Water
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

14. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Mitral valve
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

15. What is the circulation through the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Atria

16. When does development of the heart begin
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Before the third week of gestation

17. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Sternal notch
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

18. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The relaxation phase of the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

19. How many chambers in the heart
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
4
Done on the aerodigestive tract

20. what covers the heart
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

21. What are non-sterile procedures
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Water
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

22. What is the location of the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

23. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Water
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

24. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Right atrium or venae cavae
72 bpm
Lower chambers - ventricles
Done on the aerodigestive tract

25. What arteries supply the heart
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Sternal notch
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

26. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

27. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

28. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Chordae tendineae
From the ascending aorta

29. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

30. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Right atrium or venae cavae
Atria

31. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Generator and electrode
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
The contraction phase of the heart

32. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Ligamentum venosum
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Pericardial fluid

33. Where does the coronary artery arise
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
There are 4
Right atrium or venae cavae
From the ascending aorta

34. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The relaxation phase of the heart

35. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Sternal notch
Pericardial fluid

36. What does the umbilical vein become
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ductus venosus
Mitral valve
A single artery arising from both ventricles

37. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

38. Where is the bicuspid valve located
The relaxation phase of the heart
4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

39. What is systole
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
The contraction phase of the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ductus venosus

40. What is the most common chest deformity
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

41. What is an atrial septal defect
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Atria
4

42. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
Water
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
72 bpm

43. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Generator and electrode
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Before the third week of gestation
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

44. What are the layers of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Mechanical or biologic
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
The contraction phase of the heart

45. What is bradycardia
There are 4
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

46. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
72 bpm
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ductus venosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles

47. What is diastole
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
The relaxation phase of the heart

48. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ductus venosus
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

49. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Ligamentum venosum
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

50. What is a ventricular septal defect
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery