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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are cyanotic defects
Mechanical or biologic
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Pericardial fluid
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

2. what vessels are used for CPBG
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Mitral valve

3. What is the name for the upper chambers
There are 4
Atria
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Ventricles

4. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Chordae tendineae
Ligamentum venosum
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

5. How many pulmonary veins are there
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
There are 4
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

6. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Generator and electrode
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

7. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Mitral valve

8. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The relaxation phase of the heart

9. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Mechanical or biologic
Right atrium or venae cavae
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

10. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ductus venosus

11. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Sternal notch
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles

12. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Generator and electrode
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Sternal notch
Chordae tendineae

13. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
There are 4
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

14. What is cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Mechanical or biologic
Ductus venosus
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

15. what solution is NOT used during CPB
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
From the ascending aorta
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Water

16. What is bradycardia
The relaxation phase of the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

17. What is coarctation of the aorta
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
The relaxation phase of the heart

18. What is the bundle of his
The relaxation phase of the heart
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
From the ascending aorta
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

19. What is the most common chest deformity
Ductus venosus
There are 4
From the ascending aorta
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

20. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Generator and electrode
Mechanical or biologic
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

21. what covers the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
4

22. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
4
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

23. What are non-sterile procedures
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Upper chambers - atria
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

24. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
Before the third week of gestation
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
There are 4

25. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

26. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

27. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Chordae tendineae
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

28. What are acyanotic defects
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Upper chambers - atria

29. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Lower chambers - ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Done on the aerodigestive tract

30. What does the umbilical vein become
Upper chambers - atria
Sternal notch
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ductus venosus

31. What is systole
72 bpm
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
The contraction phase of the heart

32. How many chambers in the heart
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
4
The contraction phase of the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

33. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
72 bpm
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

34. Where does the coronary artery arise
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
From the ascending aorta
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

35. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

36. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

37. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Localized narrowing of the aorta
72 bpm
Disease of the heart muscle
Atria

38. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

39. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Done on the aerodigestive tract
The contraction phase of the heart
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

40. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Done on the aerodigestive tract

41. What is tricuspid atresia
Ligamentum venosum
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Chordae tendineae

42. What is pulmonary stenosis
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Mitral valve
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Mechanical or biologic

43. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles
A single artery arising from both ventricles

44. What is the name for the lower chambers
Upper chambers - atria
Disease of the heart muscle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Ventricles

45. What is the circulation through the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

46. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Mechanical or biologic
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Water

47. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Disease of the heart muscle

48. What is an atrial septal defect
Ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Upper chambers - atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

49. What arteries supply the heart
Mitral valve
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

50. What is the location of the heart
Ductus venosus
Ligamentum venosum
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side