Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How many chambers in the heart
Generator and electrode
Localized narrowing of the aorta
4
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

2. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
The relaxation phase of the heart
There are 4
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

3. What is the bundle of his
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

4. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

5. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
Upper chambers - atria
There are 4
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

6. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Mechanical or biologic

7. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
Pericardial fluid
Generator and electrode
The relaxation phase of the heart

8. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart

9. which chambers receive blood from the veins
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Upper chambers - atria
Mechanical or biologic
Lower chambers - ventricles

10. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Sternal notch
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

11. What is the most common chest deformity
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Water
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

12. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Disease of the heart muscle
There are 4
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

13. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
72 bpm
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Chordae tendineae

14. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Generator and electrode
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
72 bpm

15. Where is the bicuspid valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Sternal notch

16. What is systole
The contraction phase of the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

17. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Mechanical or biologic

18. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
A single artery arising from both ventricles

19. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Pericardial fluid
Lower chambers - ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

20. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Chordae tendineae
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Right atrium or venae cavae
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

21. What is bradycardia
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

22. What is coarctation of the aorta
Ligamentum venosum
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Localized narrowing of the aorta

23. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Atria
Right atrium or venae cavae

24. What are the layers of the heart
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

25. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Sternal notch
Ventricles
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

26. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Mitral valve
Water
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

27. what vessels are used for CPBG
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Atria

28. How many pulmonary veins are there
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Atria
From the ascending aorta
There are 4

29. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
Lower chambers - ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
72 bpm

30. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Before the third week of gestation
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Atria

31. What is the circulation through the heart
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

32. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
72 bpm
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Before the third week of gestation
A single artery arising from both ventricles

33. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
72 bpm
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Sternal notch
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

34. What arteries supply the heart
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
72 bpm

35. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
Sternal notch
Mechanical or biologic
Right atrium or venae cavae

36. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

37. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
From the ascending aorta
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

38. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Water

39. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
The relaxation phase of the heart
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

40. What is the rastelli procedure
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Right atrium or venae cavae
From the ascending aorta
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

41. What does the cardiac cycle include
From the ascending aorta
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

42. What is a ventricular septal defect
Ductus venosus
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

43. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

44. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
From the ascending aorta
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Upper chambers - atria

45. What is the location of the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Before the third week of gestation
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

46. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Mechanical or biologic
Ligamentum venosum

47. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
The relaxation phase of the heart
Pericardial fluid
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
72 bpm

48. What is diastole
Chordae tendineae
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
The relaxation phase of the heart
Mechanical or biologic

49. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

50. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle