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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

2. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
Mitral valve
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

3. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Ventricles

4. What is cardiac tamponade
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Chordae tendineae
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

5. what covers the heart
Right atrium or venae cavae
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

6. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
72 bpm
Lower chambers - ventricles

7. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Mechanical or biologic

8. What is the circulation through the heart
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Ductus venosus
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

9. What is tricuspid atresia
Ligamentum venosum
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

10. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Ductus venosus
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Ligamentum venosum
Atria

11. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
The contraction phase of the heart
Ductus venosus
Disease of the heart muscle

12. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Chordae tendineae
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

13. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Done on the aerodigestive tract
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

14. What is cardiomyopathy
The relaxation phase of the heart
The contraction phase of the heart
Disease of the heart muscle
Right atrium or venae cavae

15. What is a ventricular septal defect
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Pericardial fluid

16. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Atria
Sternal notch

17. What does the cardiac cycle include
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

18. What are acyanotic defects
Ligamentum venosum
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

19. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Atria
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

20. What is an atrial septal defect
Sternal notch
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
There are 4

21. Where does the coronary artery arise
From the ascending aorta
Chordae tendineae
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

22. What is pulmonary stenosis
Mechanical or biologic
Upper chambers - atria
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ductus venosus

23. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Generator and electrode
The contraction phase of the heart
Water

24. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
Generator and electrode
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

25. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Mechanical or biologic
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

26. What are non-sterile procedures
4
Upper chambers - atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

27. What is the name for the upper chambers
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

28. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Right atrium or venae cavae
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles

29. How many pulmonary veins are there
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
There are 4

30. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
72 bpm
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

31. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Right atrium or venae cavae
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
4
The contraction phase of the heart

32. What arteries supply the heart
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

33. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
4
Mitral valve

34. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Sternal notch
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

35. What are the layers of the heart
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Atria

36. How many chambers in the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
4
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

37. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Ventricles
Upper chambers - atria
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

38. What is bradycardia
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Sternal notch

39. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

40. what vessels are used for CPBG
Water
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Lower chambers - ventricles

41. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
The contraction phase of the heart
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

42. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
There are 4
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

43. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Upper chambers - atria
Sternal notch

44. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Before the third week of gestation
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Pericardial fluid
4

45. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Localized narrowing of the aorta
4
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

46. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Chordae tendineae
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

47. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Generator and electrode
Right atrium or venae cavae
Mitral valve
Water

48. What does the umbilical vein become
Ductus venosus
Before the third week of gestation
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

49. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Generator and electrode

50. What is systole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Upper chambers - atria
The contraction phase of the heart