Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How many pulmonary veins are there
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
There are 4
Pericardial fluid
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

2. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

3. What is coarctation of the aorta
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Lower chambers - ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Localized narrowing of the aorta

4. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
72 bpm
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

5. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

6. What are acyanotic defects
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Sternal notch
Pericardial fluid
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

7. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Mechanical or biologic
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Water

8. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Upper chambers - atria

9. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Generator and electrode
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

10. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
The relaxation phase of the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Mitral valve
4

11. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Ligamentum venosum
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

12. what covers the heart
Chordae tendineae
Ligamentum venosum
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

13. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
The relaxation phase of the heart
Pericardial fluid
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

14. What is cardiomyopathy
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Disease of the heart muscle
Ventricles

15. What arteries supply the heart
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

16. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Pericardial fluid
Sternal notch
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

17. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

18. What is pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ligamentum venosum
From the ascending aorta
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

19. What does the umbilical vein become
Ligamentum venosum
Ductus venosus
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Disease of the heart muscle

20. What is the name for the lower chambers
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
There are 4
Ventricles

21. When does development of the heart begin
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Before the third week of gestation
Mitral valve
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

22. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

23. How many chambers in the heart
Chordae tendineae
Ventricles
4
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

24. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
Pericardial fluid
Ligamentum venosum
A single artery arising from both ventricles

25. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
The relaxation phase of the heart
There are 4
Lower chambers - ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae

26. What is the rastelli procedure
Ligamentum venosum
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Atria

27. Where does the coronary artery arise
Localized narrowing of the aorta
The relaxation phase of the heart
From the ascending aorta
Ductus venosus

28. What is the location of the heart
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
The relaxation phase of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Disease of the heart muscle

29. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Generator and electrode
Upper chambers - atria
Chordae tendineae
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

30. Where is the tricuspid valve located
4
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Atria

31. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Lower chambers - ventricles

32. What is the name for the upper chambers
Pericardial fluid
Atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Localized narrowing of the aorta

33. What are non-sterile procedures
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Upper chambers - atria
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

34. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Ductus venosus
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

35. What is cardiac tamponade
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
72 bpm
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Atria

36. What is the circulation through the heart
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Upper chambers - atria

37. What is the bundle of his
Ligamentum venosum
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

38. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Mechanical or biologic
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

39. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Mechanical or biologic
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Pericardial fluid

40. What is a ventricular septal defect
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Generator and electrode
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

41. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

42. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Mechanical or biologic
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
A single artery arising from both ventricles

43. What is systole
Before the third week of gestation
The contraction phase of the heart
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Done on the aerodigestive tract

44. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Ventricles
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

45. What is the most common chest deformity
Generator and electrode
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Ductus venosus
4

46. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Water
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

47. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ductus venosus
Atria
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

48. What is an atrial septal defect
Disease of the heart muscle
Mitral valve
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

49. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Right atrium or venae cavae
Upper chambers - atria
A single artery arising from both ventricles

50. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Lower chambers - ventricles
Right atrium or venae cavae
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle