Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Water
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

2. what covers the heart
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Mitral valve
Ligamentum venosum

3. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
From the ascending aorta
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

4. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Generator and electrode
Sternal notch
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

5. What is the rastelli procedure
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Disease of the heart muscle
Lower chambers - ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

6. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Lower chambers - ventricles
Generator and electrode
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

7. What is diastole
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Water
Localized narrowing of the aorta
The relaxation phase of the heart

8. How many chambers in the heart
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
4
Ductus venosus
Ventricles

9. Where does the coronary artery arise
72 bpm
From the ascending aorta
Before the third week of gestation
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

10. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Pericardial fluid
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

11. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Before the third week of gestation
Water

12. What is the most common chest deformity
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

13. What arteries supply the heart
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

14. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

15. What are cyanotic defects
From the ascending aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

16. What is tricuspid atresia
Generator and electrode
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

17. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ligamentum venosum

18. What is the circulation through the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Before the third week of gestation
Upper chambers - atria
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

19. What are the layers of the heart
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
The relaxation phase of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Pericardial fluid

20. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
72 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

21. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

22. what vessels are used for CPBG
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

23. What is a ventricular septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Water
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

24. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Sternal notch
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Localized narrowing of the aorta

25. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Chordae tendineae
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

26. What does the umbilical vein become
Ventricles
The contraction phase of the heart
Ductus venosus
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

27. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
There are 4

28. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
A single artery arising from both ventricles
The relaxation phase of the heart
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

29. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Ligamentum venosum

30. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Mechanical or biologic

31. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Generator and electrode
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

32. What does the cardiac cycle include
Ductus venosus
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

33. What is the location of the heart
The contraction phase of the heart
Pericardial fluid
Lower chambers - ventricles
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

34. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Sternal notch
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

35. What is cardiac tamponade
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Sternal notch
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

36. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Mechanical or biologic

37. What is the name for the lower chambers
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricles
Ligamentum venosum

38. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
There are 4
Localized narrowing of the aorta
72 bpm
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

39. What is the name for the upper chambers
Mechanical or biologic
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Atria
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

40. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Water
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Done on the aerodigestive tract

41. What is systole
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
There are 4
Sternal notch
The contraction phase of the heart

42. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Chordae tendineae
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

43. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

44. How many pulmonary veins are there
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
There are 4
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

45. What are acyanotic defects
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
The relaxation phase of the heart

46. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
From the ascending aorta
Pericardial fluid
Generator and electrode

47. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Before the third week of gestation

48. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Right atrium or venae cavae

49. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Mechanical or biologic
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Right atrium or venae cavae

50. What is cardiomyopathy
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Disease of the heart muscle
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium