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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is bradycardia
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
There are 4

2. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Right atrium or venae cavae
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

3. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
72 bpm
Mechanical or biologic
Done on the aerodigestive tract

4. what covers the heart
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
The relaxation phase of the heart
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

5. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Chordae tendineae
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

6. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

7. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract

8. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
There are 4
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

9. What are the layers of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
From the ascending aorta

10. What is the most common chest deformity
Before the third week of gestation
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest

11. What is cardiac tamponade
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

12. What is coarctation of the aorta
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

13. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Atria
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

14. What does the cardiac cycle include
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The relaxation phase of the heart
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

15. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Right atrium or venae cavae
Water
Ligamentum venosum

16. When does development of the heart begin
Right atrium or venae cavae
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Ductus venosus
Before the third week of gestation

17. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Mechanical or biologic
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

18. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Lower chambers - ventricles
Ligamentum venosum
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

19. Where does the coronary artery arise
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
From the ascending aorta

20. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Water
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

21. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Right atrium or venae cavae
Upper chambers - atria
Localized narrowing of the aorta

22. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
The relaxation phase of the heart
Mitral valve

23. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

24. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Right atrium or venae cavae
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

25. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Pericardial fluid
The contraction phase of the heart
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Generator and electrode

26. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

27. What is tricuspid atresia
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Sternal notch
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

28. What is systole
4
The contraction phase of the heart
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

29. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

30. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
4
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

31. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
Atria
Ventricles
72 bpm
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

32. What is the name for the lower chambers
Ventricles
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

33. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Disease of the heart muscle
Mitral valve
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

34. What arteries supply the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
There are 4
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

35. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Mitral valve
Pericardial fluid
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Chordae tendineae

36. What is pulmonary stenosis
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Generator and electrode

37. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Atria
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

38. What are acyanotic defects
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

39. Where is the bicuspid valve located
The contraction phase of the heart
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Upper chambers - atria

40. What is cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
4
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

41. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

42. How many chambers in the heart
4
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

43. How many pulmonary veins are there
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Ductus venosus
Upper chambers - atria
There are 4

44. What are non-sterile procedures
Pericardial fluid
Mitral valve
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Done on the aerodigestive tract

45. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Upper chambers - atria
Right atrium or venae cavae
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Ligamentum venosum

46. What are cyanotic defects
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Atria
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

47. What is an atrial septal defect
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Mechanical or biologic
72 bpm
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

48. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Lower chambers - ventricles
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

49. What is the bundle of his
Mitral valve
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Upper chambers - atria

50. What does the umbilical vein become
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Ductus venosus
72 bpm