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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Ligamentum venosum
Water
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Pericardial fluid

2. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
From the ascending aorta
Pericardial fluid
Ventricles

3. What is the bundle of his
Ductus venosus
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

4. What is the most common chest deformity
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

5. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
The contraction phase of the heart
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

6. When does development of the heart begin
Before the third week of gestation
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

7. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Right atrium or venae cavae
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

8. What does the umbilical vein become
Before the third week of gestation
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
72 bpm
Ductus venosus

9. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Sternal notch
Right atrium or venae cavae

10. How many pulmonary veins are there
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
There are 4

11. What is pulmonary stenosis
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

12. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ligamentum venosum
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

13. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
The contraction phase of the heart
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Ligamentum venosum

14. What is the rastelli procedure
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Before the third week of gestation
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

15. What arteries supply the heart
The contraction phase of the heart
Chordae tendineae
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

16. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Lower chambers - ventricles
A single artery arising from both ventricles
There are 4

17. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
There are 4
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

18. What is cardiac tamponade
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Disease of the heart muscle
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

19. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
72 bpm

20. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

21. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
There are 4

22. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Mechanical or biologic
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Mitral valve

23. what covers the heart
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Water
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Right atrium or venae cavae

24. What is the name for the lower chambers
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Mechanical or biologic
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ventricles

25. What are non-sterile procedures
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ligamentum venosum
Pericardial fluid

26. What is an atrial septal defect
Right atrium or venae cavae
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ventricles

27. What is the name for the upper chambers
The contraction phase of the heart
Atria
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Water

28. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
Mechanical or biologic
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

29. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
From the ascending aorta
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

30. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Mitral valve
Sternal notch
Disease of the heart muscle
Chordae tendineae

31. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Generator and electrode

32. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Ductus venosus
Mitral valve
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

33. What is a ventricular septal defect
Before the third week of gestation
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Upper chambers - atria

34. What is systole
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
The contraction phase of the heart

35. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Atria
Lower chambers - ventricles

36. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Upper chambers - atria
Before the third week of gestation
From the ascending aorta

37. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

38. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
The relaxation phase of the heart
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)

39. How many chambers in the heart
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
4
Upper chambers - atria

40. What are the layers of the heart
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
4
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium

41. What are acyanotic defects
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Mitral valve
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis

42. What is the location of the heart
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

43. Where is the tricuspid valve located
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
72 bpm
4
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

44. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Atria
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Pericardial fluid

45. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Sternal notch

46. What is tricuspid atresia
The contraction phase of the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Ligamentum venosum

47. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
From the ascending aorta
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Sternal notch

48. Where does the coronary artery arise
Localized narrowing of the aorta
From the ascending aorta
Chordae tendineae
Ductus venosus

49. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Mechanical or biologic
Ductus venosus
Lower chambers - ventricles
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

50. What is bradycardia
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
From the ascending aorta

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