Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
The contraction phase of the heart
72 bpm
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

2. what solution is NOT used during CPB
Right atrium or venae cavae
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Water
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

3. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Chordae tendineae
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

4. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Water
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Upper chambers - atria

5. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Generator and electrode
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ductus venosus

6. what defects are included in tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Disease of the heart muscle
Mitral valve

7. What is coarctation of the aorta
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Mechanical or biologic
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Localized narrowing of the aorta

8. When does development of the heart begin
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Before the third week of gestation
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

9. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Generator and electrode
From the ascending aorta

10. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Chordae tendineae
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Mechanical or biologic
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

11. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Generator and electrode
Mechanical or biologic
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

12. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
4
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

13. What are the characteristics of truncus arteriosus
Generator and electrode
Before the third week of gestation
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
A single artery arising from both ventricles

14. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

15. when should coarctation of the aorta be repaired
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Before the third week of gestation

16. What is the circulation through the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
72 bpm
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

17. What is bradycardia
Pericardial fluid
Right atrium or venae cavae
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

18. What is an atrial septal defect
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
4
Sternal notch

19. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ligamentum venosum
Generator and electrode
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

20. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
72 bpm
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Sternal notch
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

21. What is diastole
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Generator and electrode
The relaxation phase of the heart
Done on the aerodigestive tract

22. What is the name for the upper chambers
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Atria
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
From the ascending aorta

23. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
The relaxation phase of the heart
Pericardial fluid
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

24. What does the umbilical vein become
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ductus venosus
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

25. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
The relaxation phase of the heart
Ductus venosus
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

26. Where does the coronary artery arise
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
From the ascending aorta
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
The relaxation phase of the heart

27. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ligamentum venosum
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

28. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Sternal notch

29. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Sternal notch
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
A single artery arising from both ventricles

30. What are cyanotic defects
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Pericardial fluid
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus

31. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
Ductus venosus
Lower chambers - ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

32. What is the location of the heart
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side

33. What is cardiac tamponade
Ventricles
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
From the ascending aorta

34. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
72 bpm
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice

35. How many chambers in the heart
Lower chambers - ventricles
72 bpm
4
Done on the aerodigestive tract

36. What is the bundle of his
Before the third week of gestation
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Sternal notch

37. what vessels are used for CPBG
Disease of the heart muscle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Before the third week of gestation
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

38. What does the cardiac cycle include
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat

39. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Generator and electrode
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

40. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Pericardial fluid
Chordae tendineae
Right atrium or venae cavae

41. Where is the bicuspid valve located
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

42. What is the most common chest deformity
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

43. What arteries supply the heart
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Sternal notch
Ligamentum venosum
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

44. What are non-sterile procedures
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
Done on the aerodigestive tract
4
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

45. What are the two branches of the right coronary artery
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Water
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

46. What is a ventricular septal defect
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
4
Ligamentum venosum
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

47. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

48. What is systole
Mechanical or biologic
Generator and electrode
The contraction phase of the heart
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

49. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Generator and electrode
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

50. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
Chordae tendineae
4
72 bpm