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Cardiac Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Where is the bicuspid valve located
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Before the third week of gestation
Heart beat less than 62 bpm
Water

2. How many pulmonary veins are there
There are 4
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy

3. What is between the fibrous and serous pericardium
Upper chambers - atria
Pericardial fluid
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Mechanical or biologic

4. What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Water
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

5. What is the most common chest deformity
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery

6. what covers the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
The contraction phase of the heart
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
From the ascending aorta

7. What are the layers of the heart
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Before the third week of gestation
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium

8. What is a ventricular septal defect
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Upper chambers - atria
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

9. which chambers pump blood through the arteries
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Lower chambers - ventricles
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Upper chambers - atria

10. What are acyanotic defects
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ductus venosus
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

11. Where is the cannula placed for venous cannulation in CPB
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Right atrium or venae cavae
The relaxation phase of the heart
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

12. What is cardiomyopathy
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Disease of the heart muscle
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

13. What arteries supply the heart
Chordae tendineae
From the ascending aorta
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

14. What are non-sterile procedures
Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

15. What does the ductus venosus become after the fetus is born
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Ligamentum venosum

16. What is the name for the machine used for cardiac support
Generator and electrode
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle

17. What is the name for the upper chambers
Atria
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Done on the aerodigestive tract
From the ascending aorta

18. Where is the aortic semilunar valve located
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity

19. What is the name for the lower chambers
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Upper chambers - atria
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Ventricles

20. How many chambers in the heart
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
4
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium

21. What is cardiac tamponade
Mechanical or biologic
Compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or flluid within the pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium

22. What does the cardiac cycle include
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Ligamentum venosum

23. what structure is at the superior part of the sternum
Chordae tendineae
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Sternal notch
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays

24. Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
Done on the aerodigestive tract
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles

25. what vessels are used for CPBG
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Right atrium or venae cavae

26. What is bradycardia
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
Heart beat less than 62 bpm

27. What is the location of the heart
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Water
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
Mitral valve

28. What are cyanotic defects
Done on the aerodigestive tract
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
4
Chordae tendineae

29. What is the phase of cardiac conduction
Mechanical or biologic
Before the third week of gestation
Starts at the SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers
The contraction phase of the heart

30. What is diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart
Before the third week of gestation
Mitral valve
Sternal notch

31. What is tricuspid atresia
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Water
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Ligamentum venosum

32. What is the bundle of his
The electrical connection between the atria and ventricles
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
A single artery arising from both ventricles

33. What are the two types of valves used in valve replacement
Ventricular septal and atrial septal defects - patent ductus arteriosus - coarctation of the aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Sternal notch
Mechanical or biologic
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator

34. Where is the pacemaker electrode placed
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
Pectus excavatum - funnel chest
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Mechanical or biologic

35. What is the best way to view the overall size of the heart and vessel configuration
Heart-lung machine - pump oxygenator
Before the third week of gestation
Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

36. What are some risk factors in coronary artery disease
Age - gender; males more than females - genetics - hypertension - cigarette smoking - diet - obesity
A single artery arising from both ventricles
Into the right ventricle or the right atrium
There are 4

37. What is another name for the bicuspid valve
Right atrium or venae cavae
Chordae tendineae
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Mitral valve

38. What are the two parts of the pacemaker
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
Generator and electrode
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
72 bpm

39. which chambers receive blood from the veins
Pericardial fluid
Ventricular septal defect - infundibular or pulmonary valve stenosis - aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect - and right ventricular hypertrophy
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia - truncus ateriosus
Upper chambers - atria

40. What is systole
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
The contraction phase of the heart
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

41. Where does the coronary artery arise
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
From the ascending aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery

42. What attaches to the cusps of the valves to prevent them from folding back to prevent regurgitation
Chordae tendineae
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Lower chambers - ventricles
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria

43. What is pulmonary stenosis
Before the third week of gestation
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
4
Narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

44. What does the umbilical vein become
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Right atrium or venae cavae
Ductus venosus
There are 4

45. Where is the tricuspid valve located
Posterior descending artery and the marginal artery
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Saphenous vein or the internal mammary artery
Sternal notch

46. What is an atrial septal defect
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Done on the aerodigestive tract
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age

47. How is the heart muscle preserved during cardiac surgery
Epicardium - myocardium - endocardium
Hypothermia - ice shlush or ice cold saline (4 C)
An absence of the tricuspid valve and orifice
Lower chambers - ventricles

48. What is coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
All physiological actions that occur during a single heartbeat
At the base of the aorta in the left ventricle
Chordae tendineae

49. What is the rastelli procedure
Superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
In the mediastinum - behind the sternum - 2/3 on the left side
Recommended at 3 to 6 months of age
For transpositon of the great vessels - a teflon patch is used to close the ventricular septal defect & a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery

50. What is the normal heart rate for an adult
An abnormal opening in the wall between the two atria
Upper chambers - atria
At the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
72 bpm