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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What are aschoff bodies
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Granuloma with giant cells
Atrial contraction
If sodium channel
2. highly lethal malignancy of the liver - associated with vinyl chloride - arsenic - and thorosrast exposure
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Prinzmetal angina
Angiosarcoma
3. EDV is also known as
Preload
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Adult type aortic coarctation
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
4. what conditions are associated with pulsus paradoxus
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Adult type aortic coarctation
Mitral valve
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
5. systolic - diastolic
Ventricles are depolarized
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Pulse pressure
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
6. What is associated with paradoxical spliting of S2
Lymphangiosarcoma
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
At least 55%
7. What is the classic X ray finding for tet of fallot?
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Boot shaped heart
1st degree AV blodck
Resting potential high K perm
8. What happens in phase 0 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Mitral valve prolapse
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
9. Which class of drugs decrease the murmur heard in aortic regurg?
Takayasu's arteritis
Mitral valve prolapse
Vasodilators
RCA
10. In an EKG - What is the p wave?
MI
Increase contractility
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Atrial contraction
11. Which organ has the largest arteriovenous difference
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Troponin I
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Liver
12. Which vessels account for the most total peripheral resistance
Arteriorles
Torsades de pointes
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
CO
13. How does a patient with Tet of fallot learn to improve symptoms?
SV/ EDV
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Raynaud's
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
14. In an EKG - What is the PR interval?
Kawasaki
MI
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
15. Which kind of infarct show ST elevation - and/or pathologic Q waves
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Transmural
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
10%
16. What are common causes of mitral regurg?
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
No
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
17. retrosternal chest main with exertion - ST depression on ECG - likely due atherosclerosis
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Stable angina
Glomus tumor
Truncus - tet of fallot
18. Which bacteria causes rheumatic heart disease
Resting potential high K perm
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Granuloma with giant cells
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
19. Which sympathetic receptors raise MAP
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
V fib
Non
20. What is association with fixed S2 splitting - does not increase with inspiration
Early deaths from myocarditis
S. epidermidis
Libman - sacks endocarditis
ASD
21. fibrinous pericarditis several weeks post MI
22. What does HTN predispose to?
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Decrease in cAMP
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
LAD > RCA > circumflex
23. machine murmer
Turners
PDA
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
RF
24. friction rub - 3-5 days post MI
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
CHF
Activated histiocytes
25. coronary artery spasm - ST elevation
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Prinzmetal angina
PDA
Right sided
26. What causes aortic regurg
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Transmural
27. Left to right shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Kids
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
28. In the evolution of an MI - when the risk for free wall rupture - tamponade - papillary muscle rupture - or interventricular septal rupture the hightest? Why?
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
The operating point of the heart
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Decrease in cAMP
29. What is the most common cause of MI
Greater ventricular EDV
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Activated histiocytes
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
30. What is the association with wide S2 splitting?
140/90
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Atherosclerosis
31. What does the starling curve show?
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
Changes in CO as a function of preload
QRS complex
Preload
32. What is the early and late lesion in rheumatic heart disease
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Mitral valve prolapse
Increase in Pc
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
33. Which enzymes are useful for diagnosing reinfarction
Prinzmetal angina
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
CK- MB
34. S3 - dilated heart on US - balloon appearance on CXR - eccentric hypertrophy
...
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Infective endocarditis
Atrial contraction
35. In terms of starling forces - why does nephrotic syndrome or liver failure cause edems
Hyperlipidemia
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Stroke volume
Dec plasma proteins
36. What are tendinous xanthoma - atheromas - and corneal arcus signs of?
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
10%
Hyperlipidemia
S. epidermidis
37. Which murmur is heard with VSD?
Mean arterial pressure
In HF
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
LAD
38. In an EKG - What is the QRS complex?
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
During diastole
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
39. in the JVP - What is the v wave?
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
...
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Torsades de pointes
40. EDV - ESV
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
HypoK and bradycardia
Stroke volume
Mitral stenosis
41. Where is the most posterior portion of the heart and What can it cause?
In parallel
Adult type aortic coarctation
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
42. When do you find hemosiderin laden macrophages in the lungs?
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Subendocardial
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
43. benign capillary skin papules in AIDS patients mistaken for kaposi sarcoma - caused by bartonella henselae
...
Mean arterial pressure
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
44. PROVe
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Hematocrit
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
SV/ EDV
45. What causes ankle - sacral edema - jugular venous distention
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
PDA
Left atrial pressure
RV failure - in venous pressure
46. Which organ gets the largest share of systemic cardiac output
S. aureus
Liver
Granuloma with giant cells
C - ANCA
47. sudden death in young atheletes - S4 - apical impulses - outflow obstruction
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
TAPVR
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Strawberry hemangioma
48. In the cardiac cycle - which period has the highest 02 consumption?
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Isovolumetric contraction
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
49. When and why is the S3 sound heard?
Dressler's - autoimmune
If sodium channel
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
50. Which enzyme rises after 4 hours and is elevated for 7 to 10 days after an MI?
ANP
Troponin I
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Fluid movement through capillaries