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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When do you see extensive coagulative necrosis in an MI
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Activated histiocytes
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
2. What is associated with paradoxical spliting of S2
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Preload
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Troponin I
3. Which bacteria causes rheumatic heart disease
Greater ventricular EDV
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Atherosclerosis
V fib
4. How does aldosterone raise MAP
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Stroke volume
Inc blood volume
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
5. congenital heart defect with congenital rubella
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
LCX - V4- V6
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
6. Given P = QR - what factors influence resistance?
In series
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
7. How are sarcomeres added in concentric hypertrophy?
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
In parallel
Can progess to V fib
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
8. What are tendinous xanthoma - atheromas - and corneal arcus signs of?
7 weeks
LAD
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Hyperlipidemia
9. Restrictive cardiomyopathy causes
RCA - II - III - aVF
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
10. Mitral stenosis is most often secondary to which condition?
Preload
RF
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Greater ventricular EDV
11. Unilateral headache - jaw claudication - impaired vision
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Atherosclerosis
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
12. What causes hepatomegaly?
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Cardiac tamponde
Mitral valve
13. What does the LAD supply?
QRS complex
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Pos inotropy - exercise
14. most common primary cardiac tumor in adults - ball - valve obstruction in left atrium
Myxoma
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
15. What causes the CO curve to shift downwards?
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
EKG
16. What are anitschkow's cells
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Activated histiocytes
Left atrial pressure
Prinzmetal angina
17. The cause of cardiac dilation?
Greater ventricular EDV
Stroke volume
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
18. In an acute MI - are there any visible changes via LM in the first 2-4 hours
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
No
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
LCX - I - aVL
19. What does mitral prolapse predeispose to?
Infective endocarditis
7 weeks
Resting potential high K perm
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
20. Do you see elevaged ASO titers in rheumatic heart disease
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Stable angina
Buerger's disease
Yes
21. What is the difference between the fetal and neonatal direction of blood flow in a patent ductus arteriosus
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Babies
MAP
22. what percentage of HTN is secondary to renal disease?
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
10%
23. p - anca
24. What happends in phase 1 of the ventricular cardiac action potential?
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
During diastole
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
25. What cardiac change occurs in pregnancy?
Torsades de pointes
Increased SV
Fluid movement through capillaries
Atherosclerosis
26. lymphatic malignancy associated with persistant lymphadema - post radical mastectomy
LAD - V1- V2
Lymphangiosarcoma
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Mitral and tricuspid closure
27. Which organ gets the largest share of systemic cardiac output
Right sided
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Strawberry hemangioma
Liver
28. What masks atrial repolarization?
QRS complex
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
CFX
LCX - V4- V6
29. no relation between p waves and QRS intervals - treatment and predisposing factor
Decreased
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
S. epidermidis
Left heart failure
30. smaller vegetations - congenitally abnormal or diseased valves - sequela of dental procedures. Insidious onset
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Viridans streptococci
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
31. When is the scar completely formed in an MI?
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
7 weeks
Left atrial pressure
32. What kind of infarct show ST depression
Holosystoiic
Subendocardial
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
Systolic dysfunction
33. diaphoresis - N/V - severe retrosternal pain - pain in left arm/jaw - SOB - fatigue - adrenergic symptoms
Fast volatge gated Na channels
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
MI
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
34. pulseless disease - granulomatous thickening of the aortic arch and/or proximal great vessels - elev ESR - asian females > 40
35. In an anterior wall infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
LAD - V1 - V4
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
36. dilated tortous veins due to chronically inc venous pressure - poor wound healing - varicose ulcers
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
37. most common heart tumor
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Torsades de pointes
38. What causes orthopnea?
Babies
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
39. Which class of drugs decreases afterload?
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Holosystoiic
Vasodilators
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
40. What does FEVERSS stand for in rheumatic heart disease
In RA return (inspiration)
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Group a beta hemolytic strep
At least 55%
41. What is the definition of HTN?
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Hemorrhage
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
140/90
42. congenital heart defect with turner's
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
In series
Coarcation of aorta
43. In an EKG - What is the T wave?
Diastolic
Preload
In RA return (inspiration)
Ventricular repolarization
44. What constitues the upstroke in pacemaker cells?
S. epidermidis
Hyperlipidemia
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Volatage gated Ca channels
45. coronary artery spasm - ST elevation
Preload
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
RV failure - in venous pressure
Prinzmetal angina
46. In terms of starling forces - why does heart failure cause edema?
Increase in Pc
During diastole
Vagus to medulla
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
47. Rank the following by speed of conduction - av node - atria - purkinjee - ventricles
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Greater ventricular EDV
Mitral valve
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
48. Fatal arrhythmia
S. epidermidis
V fib
In HF
Transfusion
49. which heart valves are afected most in rheumatic heart diseease
Atherosclerosis
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
50. The aortic arch receptors transmit along which nerve?
At least 55%
Ventricular repolarization
Vagus to medulla
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum