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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Which murmur is heard with VSD?
Dressler's - autoimmune
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
2. Which enzymes are useful for diagnosing reinfarction
Aortic insuffic - late
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Boot shaped heart
CK- MB
3. What supplies the posterior left ventricle?
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
CFX
SA and AV nodes
4. What causes aortic regurg
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Increased SV
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
5. absecnce of tricuspid valve - hypoplastic RV
Mitral valve
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
6. Irregularly irregular ECG - no p waves: dx and treatment
Viridans streptococci
Left atrial pressure
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
7. Chronic mitral stenosis can lead to what changes in size of the LA
Dilation
Adult type aortic coarctation
7 weeks
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
8. What cardiac change occurs in pregnancy?
Increased SV
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
Holosystoiic
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
9. Which bacteria can cause endocarditis from prosthetic valves?
Babies
S. epidermidis
Decreased
Vagus to medulla
10. Given P = QR - what factors influence resistance?
Mean arterial pressure
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Prinzmetal angina
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
11. Which enzyme rises after 4 hours and is elevated for 7 to 10 days after an MI?
Left atrial pressure
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Troponin I
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
12. most common primary cardiac tumor in children - associated with tuberous sclerosis
Rhabdomyomas
SV/ EDV
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
13. How do beta blockers decrease contractility?
Ventricles are depolarized
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Decrease in cAMP
14. Which class of drugs decrease the murmur heard in aortic regurg?
Dec plasma proteins
Vasodilators
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
15. Which organ has ht highest blood flow per gram of tissue
Non
Kidney
Rhabdomyomas
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
16. Inspiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds?
Right sided
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
Transposition of great vessels
17. In what disease states is blood viscosity increased?
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Takayasu's arteritis
18. What are the four most common locations for atherosclerosis?
Hemorrhage
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
MI
19. What causes the midsystolic click
C - ANCA
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
20. polypoid capillary hemangioma that can ulcerate and bleed
Transfusion
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Left heart failure
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
21. Which valve is commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis from IV drug use and Which bacteria are most common?
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22. What causes ankle - sacral edema - jugular venous distention
Transmural
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
RV failure - in venous pressure
Increased SV
23. When does EF decrease
In HF
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Hemorrhage
Takayasu's arteritis
24. When and why is the S3 sound heard?
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
25. Central chemoreceptors do not respond directly to which parameter?
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
P02
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
26. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the right?
Rhabdomyomas
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Kaposi's sarcoma
Transfusion
27. PROVe
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
28. no relation between p waves and QRS intervals - treatment and predisposing factor
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Stable angina
CFX
Raynaud's
29. congenital heart defect with marfan's
Yes
Aortic insuffic - late
Wegener's
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
30. What are the complications from bacterial endocarditis?
Fick principle
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
31. Which sympathetic receptors raise MAP
Left sided
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Boot shaped heart
Can progess to V fib
32. What does autoregulation do?
Coarcation of aorta
Volatage gated Ca channels
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
33. What constitues the upstroke in pacemaker cells?
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Isovolumetric contraction
Volatage gated Ca channels
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
34. Which organ has the largest arteriovenous difference
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Early deaths from myocarditis
Dec plasma proteins
Preload
35. bening capillary hemangioma of elderly - does not regress
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Cherry hemangioma
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Prinzmetal angina
36. What causes hepatomegaly?
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Buerger's disease
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
37. Which kind of infarct show ST elevation - and/or pathologic Q waves
RCA - II - III - aVF
Subendocardial
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Transmural
38. What does mitral prolapse predeispose to?
Infective endocarditis
Takayasu's arteritis
Cherry hemangioma
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
39. What channels do the the pacemaker cells lack?
Fast volatge gated Na channels
140/90
Atrial contraction
Transfusion
40. Why is there edema after burns or during infection
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Left heart failure
Activated histiocytes
MAP
41. Which lab value indicates blood viscosity?
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
Fluid movement through capillaries
Hematocrit
Cardiac tamponde
42. What does T wave inversion indicated?
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Hyperlipidemia
MI
P02
43. rate of 02 consumption/ arterial 02 - venous 02 ccontent=CO
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Fick principle
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
44. failure of truncus arteriosus to divide?
Mean arterial pressure
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Torsades de pointes
45. What other sign is often present with congenital long QT syndrome - why?
Increase contractility
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
46. S3 - dilated heart on US - balloon appearance on CXR - eccentric hypertrophy
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
No - no pressure gradient
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
47. EDV - ESV
Increased SV
Stroke volume
Increase contractility
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
48. Rank the pacemakers cells
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Aortic insuffic - late
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
If sodium channel
49. 2/3 diastolic + 1/3 systolic
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
If sodium channel
MAP
50. What are the systolic heart sounds
Torsades de pointes
PDA
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas