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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. MAP is also known as
Resting potential high K perm
Dilation
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
In HF
2. When does EF decrease
Strawberry hemangioma
Gap junctions
In HF
Transfusion
3. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by catecholamines and
Troponin I
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Yes
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
4. Which bacteria can cause endocarditis from prosthetic valves?
Arteriorles
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
S. epidermidis
ASD
5. How does aldosterone raise MAP
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Eisenmenger's syndrome
Atrial contraction
Inc blood volume
6. What happens in phase 4 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Kawasaki
Diastolic
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Resting potential high K perm
7. no relation between p waves and QRS intervals - treatment and predisposing factor
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
8. exaggerated decrease in pulse during inspiration.
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9. How does angiotensin II raise MAP
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Wegener's
Vasocxn
LCX - I - aVL
10. What does mitral prolapse predeispose to?
Infective endocarditis
Cystic hygroma
Prinzmetal angina
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
11. sudden death in young atheletes - S4 - apical impulses - outflow obstruction
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
LAD - V1- V2
Decreased
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
12. What are common causes of mitral regurg?
CO
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
140/90
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
13. How are sarcomeres added in concentric hypertrophy?
Volatage gated Ca channels
Right sided
Gap junctions
In parallel
14. Mitral stenosis is most often secondary to which condition?
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
RF
15. rate of 02 consumption/ arterial 02 - venous 02 ccontent=CO
Fick principle
Eisenmenger's syndrome
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
16. Which valve is commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis from IV drug use and Which bacteria are most common?
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17. In an inferior wall infarct - which artery is affected and which leads show Q waves
1st degree AV blodck
RCA - II - III - aVF
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
S. epidermidis
18. list the coronary vessels most likely to be occluded
LAD > RCA > circumflex
RCA
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Preload
19. What does T wave inversion indicated?
MI
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Eisenmenger's syndrome
Atrial contraction
20. PCWP > LV diastolic pressure
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Turners
C - ANCA
Mitral stenosis
21. How does a patient with Tet of fallot learn to improve symptoms?
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Boot shaped heart
22. congenital heart defect with 22q11
SV/ EDV
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
Angiosarcoma
Truncus - tet of fallot
23. Rank the pacemakers cells
Atrial contraction
Liver
C - ANCA
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
24. Which class of drugs decrease the murmur heard in aortic regurg?
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
The operating point of the heart
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Vasodilators
25. 2/3 diastolic + 1/3 systolic
MAP
MI
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
26. What is the definition of HTN?
The first 4 days
Isovolumetric contraction
140/90
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
27. bacterial endocarditis - previously normal valves - rapid onset - Which bacteria?
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Early deaths from myocarditis
Libman - sacks endocarditis
S. aureus
28. Which artery supplies the inferior portion of the left ventricle and posterior septum?
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Mitral valve
7 weeks
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
29. What supplies the posterior left ventricle?
Hematocrit
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Takayasu's arteritis
CFX
30. most common primary cardiac tumor in adults - ball - valve obstruction in left atrium
Myxoma
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
C - ANCA
The first 4 days
31. congenital heart defect with congenital rubella
EKG
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
32. What causes the murmur heard in MR to enhance?
Kidney
Takayasu's arteritis
S. epidermidis
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
33. What does FAN MY SKIN On Wednesday stand for?
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Aortic and pulmonary closing
34. What is the cushing triad?
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Vasocxn
35. Does eccentric hypertrophy or concentric hypertrophy cause systolic disfunction
CHF
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
...
At least 55%
36. What causes aortic stenosis
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Ventricular repolarization
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
37. What are aschoff bodies
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Granuloma with giant cells
Wegener's
Preload
38. Which murmur is heard with VSD?
Hyperlipidemia
Glomus tumor
Black > white > asian
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
39. PROVe
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
40. clinical signs of cardiac tamponade
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
41. The cause of dyspnea on exertion?
Adult type aortic coarctation
Subendocardial
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
In RA return (inspiration)
42. Which lab value indicates blood viscosity?
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Hematocrit
43. What is the progression of atherosclerosis?
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
Pos inotropy - exercise
44. What does prolonged QT predispose to?
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Torsades de pointes
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
45. L to R shunt becomes R to L due to increase pulm pressures from original congenital heart defect
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46. decrease stretch in baroreceptors leads to what response?
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Left heart failure
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
47. What is the machine like murmur? What is the heart pathology and the predisposing causes
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Transmural
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Cardiac tamponde
48. dyspnea - fatigue - edema and rales - multiple causes
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Atherosclerosis
Decrease in cAMP
CHF
49. What causes the early cyanosis in Tet of Fallot?
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
S. bovis
50. Which bacteria causes endocarditis in the presence of colon cancer
At least 55%
S. bovis
Liver
Inc Kf - capillary perm