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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the S2 sound?
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Left sided
Angiosarcoma
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
2. In terms of starling forces - why does heart failure cause edema?
Hemorrhage
Liver
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Increase in Pc
3. The cause of cardiac dilation?
Greater ventricular EDV
Fast volatge gated Na channels
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
4. What does FAN MY SKIN On Wednesday stand for?
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Kaposi's sarcoma
Decrease in cAMP
HypoK and bradycardia
5. What stimulates release of calcium from the SR?
Vasodilators
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
Atherosclerosis
...
6. dyspnea - fatigue - edema and rales - multiple causes
CHF
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
1st degree AV blodck
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
7. Which murmur do you hear in mitral stenosis?
CO
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
At least 55%
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
8. What is the cushing triad?
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
TAPVR
PDA
In parallel
9. benign - painful - red - blue tumor under fingernails from smooth muscle cells
Glomus tumor
Hematocrit
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
10. What is the danger of torsades to pointes?
RCA - II - III - aVF
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
Can progess to V fib
11. Which valve is most commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis?
Left heart failure
Mitral valve
Hematocrit
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
12. Right to left shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Babies
Increased SV
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
LAD - V1- V2
13. What does HTN predispose to?
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
14. Which artery supplies the SA and AV nodes?
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Inc Kf - capillary perm
RCA
Granuloma with giant cells
15. congenital heart defect with congenital rubella
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
V fib
The operating point of the heart
PDA
16. What are the 5 T's of cyanoitc babies
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
17. What is the result of not have fast sodium channels in pacemaker cells?
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
SA and AV nodes
Increase in Pc
18. Unilateral headache - jaw claudication - impaired vision
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Activated histiocytes
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
19. retrosternal chest main with exertion - ST depression on ECG - likely due atherosclerosis
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Stable angina
The plateau period
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
20. When do you find hemosiderin laden macrophages in the lungs?
Inc blood volume
140/90
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Transposition of great vessels
21. Which enzymes are useful for diagnosing reinfarction
SA and AV nodes
CK- MB
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
Decrease in cAMP
22. What do the carotid and aortic bodies respond to?
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
Subendocardial
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
23. How does acidosis affect contractility?
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Decreased
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
24. Which vessels account for the most total peripheral resistance
RF
Inc blood volume
MI
Arteriorles
25. cavernous lymphangioma of the neck - associated with turner's
Cystic hygroma
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Ventricles are depolarized
Unstable/crescendo angina
26. What does T wave inversion indicated?
Kidney
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Greater ventricular EDV
MI
27. Why is contractility decreased in heart failure?
Hemorrhage
Systolic dysfunction
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
28. Hyperplastic onion skinning
S. aureus
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
29. What are the different etiologies of dialted cardiomyopathy
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
LAD - V1 - V4
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
30. Which bacteria causes endocarditis in the presence of colon cancer
Left atrial pressure
S. bovis
Increased SV
Yes
31. What does prolonged QT predispose to?
Kaposi's sarcoma
V fib
Torsades de pointes
Vasodilators
32. In an EKG - What is the PR interval?
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Buerger's disease
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
33. rate of 02 consumption/ arterial 02 - venous 02 ccontent=CO
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Transfusion
Fick principle
34. p - anca
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35. How do beta blockers decrease contractility?
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Decrease in cAMP
36. Which murmur is characteristic of mitral/tricuspid regurg?
In RA return (inspiration)
Holosystoiic
Decrease in cAMP
Kids
37. polypoid capillary hemangioma that can ulcerate and bleed
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Stable angina
38. Expiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Left sided
39. Equilibration of diastolic pressures in all 4 chambers - decreased CO from compression of heart by fluid in pericardium
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
The first 4 days
CFX
Cardiac tamponde
40. Do dihydropyridine or non - dihyrdropyridine Ca channel blockers decrease contractility
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
CHF
Non
C - ANCA
41. What are anitschkow's cells
Volatage gated Ca channels
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Subendocardial
Activated histiocytes
42. In the cardiac cycle - which period has the highest 02 consumption?
Isovolumetric contraction
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
43. The 7 complications of MI
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44. When does extracellular calcium enter the cardiac muscle cells during contraction?
The plateau period
CHF
Can progess to V fib
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
45. In an EKG - What is the T wave?
Eisenmenger's syndrome
Ventricular repolarization
Kawasaki
In series
46. What kind of dysfunction ensues in restrictive cardiomyopathy
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
C - ANCA
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
Diastolic
47. What is association with fixed S2 splitting - does not increase with inspiration
ASD
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Vagus to medulla
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
48. Irregularly irregular ECG - no p waves: dx and treatment
Increased SV
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Activated histiocytes
Vagus to medulla
49. How are cadiac myocytes eltrically coupled?
Gap junctions
Dec plasma proteins
Yes
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
50. What causes tet of fallot?
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
MI
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction