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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
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Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What causes the early cyanosis in Tet of Fallot?
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
V fib
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
2. What cardiac change occurs in pregnancy?
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Increased SV
At least 55%
Decreases
3. What is indicated when CO and venous return are equal?
Eisenmenger's syndrome
The operating point of the heart
Fick principle
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
4. absecnce of tricuspid valve - hypoplastic RV
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Mitral valve prolapse
5. In an inferior wall infarct - which artery is affected and which leads show Q waves
RCA - II - III - aVF
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
PDA
Left atrial pressure
6. most common heart tumor
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Volatage gated Ca channels
CK- MB
7. What does the atria release in response to inc blood volume and atrial pressure
ANP
V fib arrhythima
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Cardiac tamponde
8. The cause of dyspnea on exertion?
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Transposition of great vessels
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
9. Which vessels account for the most total peripheral resistance
In series
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Arteriorles
Dec plasma proteins
10. How does digitatlis increase contractility?
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
CO
Dressler's - autoimmune
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
11. systolic - diastolic
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Pulse pressure
SA and AV nodes
12. Which enzymes are useful for diagnosing reinfarction
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
During diastole
Vagus to medulla
CK- MB
13. What are the diastolic heart sounds?
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
V fib arrhythima
Systolic dysfunction
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
14. What are the four most common locations for atherosclerosis?
Coarcation of aorta
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Unstable/crescendo angina
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
15. congenital heart defect withdown syndrome
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
QRS complex
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
16. highly lethal malignancy of the liver - associated with vinyl chloride - arsenic - and thorosrast exposure
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
Angiosarcoma
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
17. thrombosis w/o necrosis - ST elevation - worsening chest pain at rest or with minimal exertion
V fib
Pos inotropy - exercise
Coarcation of aorta
Unstable/crescendo angina
18. What causes ankle - sacral edema - jugular venous distention
RV failure - in venous pressure
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
In series
10%
19. moncekberg
Mitral valve
Mitral stenosis
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
20. What does TAPVR stand for
RCA
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
21. What does FROM JANE stand for in bacterial endocarditis?
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22. which medications are used to maintain patency or close the ductus arteriosus?
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
23. diaphoresis - N/V - severe retrosternal pain - pain in left arm/jaw - SOB - fatigue - adrenergic symptoms
MI
SV/ EDV
Hematocrit
Atrial contraction
24. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the left?
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Pos inotropy - exercise
Hemorrhage
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
25. Inspiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds?
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Right sided
CK- MB
26. sawtooth wave
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27. What other syndrom is associated with infantile aortic coarctation
Turners
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
28. Which class of drugs decrease preload
Aortic insuffic - late
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
29. exaggerated decrease in pulse during inspiration.
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30. lymphatic malignancy associated with persistant lymphadema - post radical mastectomy
ANP
Lymphangiosarcoma
Mean arterial pressure
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
31. What are common causes of mitral regurg?
Kids
Pos inotropy - exercise
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
32. Which kind of infarct show ST elevation - and/or pathologic Q waves
Transmural
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Strawberry hemangioma
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
33. skin rash on buttocks and legs - arthralgia - intestinal hemorrhage - abdominal pain - melena. Follows URI - IgA immune complex - most common childhood systemic vasculitis
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
No - no pressure gradient
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Buerger's disease
34. What does increasing intracellular Ca do?
Adult type aortic coarctation
Increase contractility
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Changes in CO as a function of preload
35. In an EKG - What is the T wave?
Ventricular repolarization
Greater ventricular EDV
Dressler's - autoimmune
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
36. In normal S2 splitting - which valve closes first? What increases it?
Decreased
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
HypoK and bradycardia
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
37. Do dihydropyridine or non - dihyrdropyridine Ca channel blockers decrease contractility
Non
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Fick principle
38. What murmur is heard with aortic regurg?
Gap junctions
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Transfusion
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
39. What causes aortic regurg
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Viridans streptococci
Vasodilators
40. What causes the murmur heard in MR to enhance?
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
41. What does prolonged QT predispose to?
Torsades de pointes
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
42. The cause of pulmonary edema - paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Activated histiocytes
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
Increase contractility
43. What does an isoelectric ST segment indicate?
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
Ventricles are depolarized
Myxoma
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
44. immune mediated transmural vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis - small and medium vessels - renal and viscera - not pulm arteries - hep B seropos in 30% of pts
Liver
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
Polyarteritis nodosum
Early deaths from myocarditis
45. most common primary cardiac tumor in adults - ball - valve obstruction in left atrium
Rhabdomyomas
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Myxoma
Kids
46. In an anteroseptal infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Mitral valve
LAD - V1- V2
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
47. fibrous plaques and atheromas in intima of arteries
Atherosclerosis
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
48. delta wave on ECG - accesory conduction pathway from atria to ventricles - reentry leading to supraventricular tachycardia
Volatage gated Ca channels
S. epidermidis
Preload
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
49. rate of 02 consumption/ arterial 02 - venous 02 ccontent=CO
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
CHF
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Fick principle
50. What are anitschkow's cells
If sodium channel
Stroke volume
Activated histiocytes
Gap junctions
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