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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. no change in PR interval followed by dropped beat
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
2. MAP is also known as
Increase contractility
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
3. L to R shunt becomes R to L due to increase pulm pressures from original congenital heart defect
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4. What channels do the the pacemaker cells lack?
Arteriorles
Fast volatge gated Na channels
RF
...
5. Endothelial malignancy of the skin assocated with HHV-8 and HIV
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6. pulmonary veins drain into right heart circulation (SVC - coronary sinus)
HypoK and bradycardia
TAPVR
Preload
CK- MB
7. Which area of the endocardium is especially vulnerable to infarction? Why?
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Atherosclerosis
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
8. segmental thrombosing vasculitis of small and medium vessels in smokers with intermittent claudication - superficial nodular phlebitis - raynaud's - gangrene and severe pain - autoamputation of digits is possible
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9. rate of 02 consumption/ arterial 02 - venous 02 ccontent=CO
Unstable/crescendo angina
Fick principle
Buerger's disease
During diastole
10. What causes aortic regurg
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
QRS complex
Dec plasma proteins
Transmural
11. What is the machine like murmur? What is the heart pathology and the predisposing causes
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Myxoma
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
12. absecnce of tricuspid valve - hypoplastic RV
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Polyarteritis nodosum
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
13. Irregularly irregular ECG - no p waves: dx and treatment
Hemorrhage
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Changes in CO as a function of preload
14. What do the carotid and aortic bodies respond to?
RV failure - in venous pressure
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
140/90
15. Which class of drugs decrease preload
Babies
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
No
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
16. What causes the CO curve to shift upwards?
Black > white > asian
Pos inotropy - exercise
Transposition of great vessels
Non
17. Central chemoreceptors do not respond directly to which parameter?
Inc Kf - capillary perm
P02
V fib
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
18. skin rash on buttocks and legs - arthralgia - intestinal hemorrhage - abdominal pain - melena. Follows URI - IgA immune complex - most common childhood systemic vasculitis
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Buerger's disease
Prinzmetal angina
19. Which murmur is heard with mitral prolapse?
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Dilation
Yes
Myxoma
20. Which murmur is heard in aortic stenosis?
Resting potential high K perm
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
7 weeks
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
21. decrease stretch in baroreceptors leads to what response?
Mean arterial pressure
Activated histiocytes
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
22. Wegener's presentation
Decreased
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Left atrial pressure
23. What 4 things drive myocardial 02 demand?
Increase contractility
Stable angina
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
24. In the cardiac cycle - which period has the highest 02 consumption?
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Mean arterial pressure
LCX - V4- V6
Isovolumetric contraction
25. When do you see extensive coagulative necrosis in an MI
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
The first 4 days
No - no pressure gradient
Pos inotropy - exercise
26. Does blood flow across the actual ASD account for abnormal heart sounds? What is the reason?
Eisenmenger's syndrome
No - no pressure gradient
Right sided
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
27. port wine stains on face - intracerebral AVM - siezures - early onset glaucoma - congenital
S. epidermidis
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
LCX - V4- V6
28. most common primary cardiac tumor in adults - ball - valve obstruction in left atrium
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Takayasu's arteritis
Myxoma
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
29. progressive lengthening of PR until beat is dropped - a p wave not followed by QRS
Rhabdomyomas
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
CO
Vasodilators
30. What are the different etiologies of dialted cardiomyopathy
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Group a beta hemolytic strep
31. What causes hepatomegaly?
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
CHF
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
32. what percentage of HTN is secondary to renal disease?
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
10%
No
Systolic dysfunction
33. Why is there edema after burns or during infection
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Prinzmetal angina
34. S3 - dilated heart on US - balloon appearance on CXR - eccentric hypertrophy
Pulse pressure
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
35. Hyperplastic onion skinning
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
In series
Inc blood volume
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
36. Churg Strauss - presentation and test
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Fluid movement through capillaries
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
37. How are the sarcomeres added in eccentric hypertrophy?
Aortic and pulmonary closing
CO
In series
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
38. What is the cushing triad?
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
Vasocxn
39. What does the U wave indicated?
Atherosclerosis
Right sided
HypoK and bradycardia
Cherry hemangioma
40. pulseless disease - granulomatous thickening of the aortic arch and/or proximal great vessels - elev ESR - asian females > 40
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41. delta wave on ECG - accesory conduction pathway from atria to ventricles - reentry leading to supraventricular tachycardia
CHF
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
42. In an EKG - What is the T wave?
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Ventricular repolarization
Cardiac tamponde
Mitral stenosis
43. prolonged PR interval
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
1st degree AV blodck
The plateau period
44. PCWP > LV diastolic pressure
In parallel
Mitral stenosis
Subendocardial
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
45. In an inferior wall infarct - which artery is affected and which leads show Q waves
Mean arterial pressure
Kawasaki
RCA - II - III - aVF
Wegener's
46. tearing chest pain radiation to the back - associated with marfan
RF
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
LCX - I - aVL
47. What is the definition of HTN?
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Ventricles are depolarized
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
140/90
48. How are sarcomeres added in concentric hypertrophy?
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
In series
Atherosclerosis
In parallel
49. What is a normal EF
During diastole
Strawberry hemangioma
S. aureus
At least 55%
50. What does FAN MY SKIN On Wednesday stand for?
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's