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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Given P = QR - what factors influence resistance?
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
7 weeks
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
2. Churg Strauss - presentation and test
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
No
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
3. In what disease states is blood viscosity increased?
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Cystic hygroma
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
4. How does digitatlis increase contractility?
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
SA and AV nodes
5. What does the LAD supply?
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Buerger's disease
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
In HF
6. What does the U wave indicated?
Increase contractility
Hemorrhage
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
HypoK and bradycardia
7. What causes the CO curve to shift downwards?
Myxoma
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
8. Which sympathetic receptors raise MAP
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
HypoK and bradycardia
RCA
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
9. exaggerated decrease in pulse during inspiration.
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10. In terms of starling forces - why does heart failure cause edema?
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Vasodilators
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Increase in Pc
11. The cause of cardiac dilation?
Changes in CO as a function of preload
No - no pressure gradient
Greater ventricular EDV
Polyarteritis nodosum
12. When and why do you hear the S4 sound
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Glomus tumor
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
13. What is the S2 sound?
Systolic dysfunction
Left sided
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Troponin I
14. progressive lengthening of PR until beat is dropped - a p wave not followed by QRS
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
Atrial contraction
15. Right to left shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Babies
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
16. Which murmur is heard with mitral prolapse?
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
17. What happens in phase 4 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Atherosclerosis
Prinzmetal angina
Resting potential high K perm
Inc blood volume
18. What kind of infarct show ST depression
Left heart failure
Subendocardial
Aortic and pulmonary closing
MAP
19. What does HTN predispose to?
Unstable/crescendo angina
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
...
20. Which bacteria causes rheumatic heart disease
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Increase in Pc
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
21. Restrictive cardiomyopathy causes
Temporal arteritis
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
22. benign cap hemangioma of infancy - spont regresses
LCX - V4- V6
...
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
Strawberry hemangioma
23. When do coronary arteries fill?
During diastole
Preload
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
24. wartiike - sterile vegetations occur on both sides of the valve - commonly causes mitral regurg. SLE causes it
Temporal arteritis
ANP
Preload
Libman - sacks endocarditis
25. What is the time frame for arrhythmia risk in the evolution of MI
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
The first 4 days
Subendocardial
Can progess to V fib
26. What happends in phase 1 of the ventricular cardiac action potential?
Kids
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Activated histiocytes
27. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the right?
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Transfusion
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
28. What other sign is often present with congenital long QT syndrome - why?
7 weeks
Right sided
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
29. Which murmur is heard in aortic stenosis?
Right sided
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
SV/ EDV
30. Exercise - overtransfusiion and excitiment causes and increase in...?
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Volatage gated Ca channels
CHF
Preload
31. In an inferior wall infarct - which artery is affected and which leads show Q waves
Dec plasma proteins
RCA - II - III - aVF
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Infective endocarditis
32. How are sarcomeres added in concentric hypertrophy?
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
1st degree AV blodck
In parallel
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
33. What causes the murmur heard in tricuspid regurg to enhance
Granuloma with giant cells
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
In RA return (inspiration)
34. The cause of dyspnea on exertion?
HypoK and bradycardia
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Ventricular repolarization
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
35. Do you see elevaged ASO titers in rheumatic heart disease
S. aureus
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Yes
36. Which enzymes are useful for diagnosing reinfarction
Stable angina
Early deaths from myocarditis
CK- MB
Granuloma with giant cells
37. In an EKG - What is the PR interval?
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Myxoma
38. Weak pulses - notching of the ribs on xray - HTN in upper extremeties and weak peripheral pulses
Adult type aortic coarctation
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Unstable/crescendo angina
Right sided
39. list the coronary vessels most likely to be occluded
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Decreases
S. bovis
LAD - V1 - V4
40. polypoid capillary hemangioma that can ulcerate and bleed
1st degree AV blodck
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
41. What does an isoelectric ST segment indicate?
No
Cardiac tamponde
LAD - V1- V2
Ventricles are depolarized
42. What are common causes of mitral regurg?
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
QRS complex
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
43. necrotizing granulomas in lung and upper airways - nectrotizing GN - small vessel vasculitis
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44. What causes the ejection click in the Cres - decres murmur?
CHF
Raynaud's
ANP
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
45. coronary artery spasm - ST elevation
Prinzmetal angina
ANP
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
46. What do patients die early from in rheumatic heart disease?
Early deaths from myocarditis
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
Cardiac tamponde
47. Which murmur is heard with VSD?
Left atrial pressure
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
LAD - V1 - V4
48. How do catecholamines increase contractility?
Pos inotropy - exercise
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Cystic hygroma
49. In an anterolateral infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
LCX - V4- V6
50. In an anteroseptal infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
LAD - V1- V2
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity