SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What are the diastolic heart sounds?
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
ASD
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
2. How are cadiac myocytes eltrically coupled?
Gap junctions
Mitral valve prolapse
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
3. What is sudden cardiac death most commonly due to...
Granuloma with giant cells
V fib arrhythima
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Liver
4. which medications are used to maintain patency or close the ductus arteriosus?
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Early deaths from myocarditis
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
5. What does an isoelectric ST segment indicate?
At least 55%
Ventricles are depolarized
CHF
LCX - V4- V6
6. fibrous plaques and atheromas in intima of arteries
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Atherosclerosis
7. What happens in phase 4 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
RF
Resting potential high K perm
V fib
8. Chronic mitral stenosis can lead to what changes in size of the LA
...
Infective endocarditis
Dilation
Group a beta hemolytic strep
9. which heart valves are afected most in rheumatic heart diseease
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
The plateau period
Isovolumetric contraction
Mitral valve prolapse
10. S3 - dilated heart on US - balloon appearance on CXR - eccentric hypertrophy
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
LAD
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
11. What causes the murmur heard in tricuspid regurg to enhance
Lymphangiosarcoma
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
In RA return (inspiration)
Fast volatge gated Na channels
12. What happens in phase 0 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Isovolumetric contraction
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
13. Fatal arrhythmia
LAD
V fib
The operating point of the heart
Fick principle
14. sawtooth wave
15. in the JVP - What is the c wave?
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
16. What does T wave inversion indicated?
LAD
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
MI
Kaposi's sarcoma
17. bening capillary hemangioma of elderly - does not regress
Cherry hemangioma
Transposition of great vessels
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
HypoK and bradycardia
18. What is the definition of HTN?
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
Raynaud's
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
140/90
19. When and why is the S3 sound heard?
Dilation
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
LAD
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
20. Which area of the endocardium is especially vulnerable to infarction? Why?
Dec plasma proteins
...
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Buerger's disease
21. Which bacteria causes endocarditis in the presence of colon cancer
CK- MB
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
S. bovis
22. How does a patient with Tet of fallot learn to improve symptoms?
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
The plateau period
23. smaller vegetations - congenitally abnormal or diseased valves - sequela of dental procedures. Insidious onset
The plateau period
Viridans streptococci
QRS complex
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
24. Which class of drugs decrease preload
MAP
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Turners
25. systolic - diastolic
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
RF
Mitral valve prolapse
Pulse pressure
26. retrosternal chest main with exertion - ST depression on ECG - likely due atherosclerosis
Stable angina
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Fast volatge gated Na channels
27. what conditions are associated with pulsus paradoxus
Fluid movement through capillaries
HypoK and bradycardia
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
28. What is the difference between adult and infantile type aortic coarctation?
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Raynaud's
LAD - V1 - V4
Adult type aortic coarctation
29. The aortic arch receptors transmit along which nerve?
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Vagus to medulla
Left heart failure
30. In terms of starling forces - why does heart failure cause edema?
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Increase in Pc
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
31. Which class of drugs decreases afterload?
Aortic insuffic - late
Fluid movement through capillaries
CHF
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
32. What causes aortic regurg
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
During diastole
Arteriorles
Turners
33. delta wave on ECG - accesory conduction pathway from atria to ventricles - reentry leading to supraventricular tachycardia
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
...
Ventricular repolarization
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
34. serum marker for wegener's
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Temporal arteritis
Vagus to medulla
C - ANCA
35. bacterial endocarditis - previously normal valves - rapid onset - Which bacteria?
Can progess to V fib
S. bovis
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
S. aureus
36. most common primary cardiac tumor in adults - ball - valve obstruction in left atrium
Black > white > asian
Unstable/crescendo angina
Myxoma
During diastole
37. How are sarcomeres added in concentric hypertrophy?
CFX
In parallel
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
38. On the cardiac cycle graph - on which corners do the opening and closing of the aortic and mitral valves occur?
Lymphangiosarcoma
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
39. Which murmur do you hear in mitral stenosis?
Mitral stenosis
LAD
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
40. Do you see elevaged ASO titers in rheumatic heart disease
Transposition of great vessels
Transmural
Yes
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
41. Which two mechanisms sense decrease MAP?
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Rhabdomyomas
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
42. In an EKG - What is the QT interval?
Inc blood volume
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
SA and AV nodes
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
43. Which sympathetic receptors raise MAP
Glomus tumor
Systolic dysfunction
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
44. progressive lengthening of PR until beat is dropped - a p wave not followed by QRS
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Dec plasma proteins
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
P02
45. What does the starling curve show?
Isovolumetric contraction
Infective endocarditis
Ventricular repolarization
Changes in CO as a function of preload
46. What channels do the the pacemaker cells lack?
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
Fast volatge gated Na channels
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
RV failure - in venous pressure
47. What does the U wave indicated?
In RA return (inspiration)
If sodium channel
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
HypoK and bradycardia
48. Which bacteria can cause endocarditis from prosthetic valves?
S. epidermidis
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Atrial contraction
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
49. What is a normal EF
Polyarteritis nodosum
Angiosarcoma
At least 55%
RCA - II - III - aVF
50. What does FAN MY SKIN On Wednesday stand for?
Stable angina
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery