Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Which organ has ht highest blood flow per gram of tissue
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Mean arterial pressure
Kidney
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope

2. no relation between p waves and QRS intervals - treatment and predisposing factor
PDA
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles

3. What does TAPVR stand for
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Dec plasma proteins
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return

4. What causes tet of fallot?
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Early deaths from myocarditis
Raynaud's

5. How does aldosterone raise MAP
LAD
Systolic dysfunction
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Inc blood volume

6. Most common vasculitis affecting medium and large arteries
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Torsades de pointes
Temporal arteritis
Aortic stenosis or LBBB

7. What is the machine like murmur? What is the heart pathology and the predisposing causes
Kawasaki
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Left heart failure
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity

8. failure of truncus arteriosus to divide?
Yes
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Takayasu's arteritis
MI

9. Which vessels account for the most total peripheral resistance
Arteriorles
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli

10. What happens in phase 4 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Turners
Temporal arteritis
Resting potential high K perm

11. In the cardiac cycle - which period has the highest 02 consumption?
Volatage gated Ca channels
Transmural
Isovolumetric contraction
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure

12. prolonged PR interval
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
1st degree AV blodck

13. How does acidosis affect contractility?
Decreased
10%
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure

14. in the JVP - What is the a wave?
Atrial contraction
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Greater ventricular EDV

15. What cardiac change occurs in pregnancy?
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Kawasaki
Increased SV

16. in the JVP - What is the v wave?
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH

17. What stimulates release of calcium from the SR?
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
Polyarteritis nodosum
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved

18. The 7 complications of MI

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

19. What is sudden cardiac death most commonly due to...
V fib arrhythima
LCX - V4- V6
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps

20. What does hypoxia cause in the lung versus other tissues?
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Mean arterial pressure

21. What causes the murmur heard in tricuspid regurg to enhance
Non
In RA return (inspiration)
Transposition of great vessels
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare

22. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by Ach or adenosine?
Holosystoiic
Decreases
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Yes

23. How does angiotensin II raise MAP
Rhabdomyomas
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Vasocxn

24. The cause of cardiac dilation?
Greater ventricular EDV
ANP
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Right sided

25. S3 - dilated heart on US - balloon appearance on CXR - eccentric hypertrophy
Libman - sacks endocarditis
TAPVR
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Dilated cardiomyopathy

26. rate of 02 consumption/ arterial 02 - venous 02 ccontent=CO
In HF
Polyarteritis nodosum
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Fick principle

27. pulseless disease - granulomatous thickening of the aortic arch and/or proximal great vessels - elev ESR - asian females > 40

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

28. Which class of drugs decrease preload
Ventricular repolarization
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Diastolic

29. What is the definition of HTN?
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
140/90
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Inc Kf - capillary perm

30. What is the progression of atherosclerosis?
TAPVR
Black > white > asian
10%
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas

31. disease of elastic arteries and large and medium sized muscular arteries
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Atherosclerosis

32. Which area of the endocardium is especially vulnerable to infarction? Why?
In HF
Non
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure

33. What is the result of not have fast sodium channels in pacemaker cells?
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
Atherosclerosis
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Holosystoiic

34. In an EKG - What is the QT interval?
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
If sodium channel
...
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion

35. which ethnic groups have higher association with HTN?
LAD - V1 - V4
Black > white > asian
During diastole
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis

36. congenital heart defect in an infant with a diabetic mother?
Turners
Pos inotropy - exercise
Transposition of great vessels
Mean arterial pressure

37. exaggerated decrease in pulse during inspiration.

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

38. What causes the murmur heard in MR to enhance?
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
LAD
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Inc Kf - capillary perm

39. congenital heart defect with turner's
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
Coarcation of aorta
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli

40. Weak pulses - notching of the ribs on xray - HTN in upper extremeties and weak peripheral pulses
MI
Adult type aortic coarctation
Prinzmetal angina
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids

41. Given P = QR - what factors influence resistance?
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Left heart failure
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power

42. Which murmur do you hear in mitral stenosis?
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Hyperlipidemia
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence

43. PROVe
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
RF
Diastolic
MAP

44. Irregularly irregular ECG - no p waves: dx and treatment
The plateau period
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis

45. moncekberg
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Atrial contraction
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis

46. acute - self limiting necrotizing vasculitis in children associated with fever - conjunctivitis - strawberry tongue - desquamatous skin rash - lymphadenitis - coronary sinus aneurysms. Seen in asians
Kawasaki
ANP
Early deaths from myocarditis
RCA

47. Mitral stenosis is most often secondary to which condition?
Babies
Diastolic
RF
During diastole

48. which medications are used to maintain patency or close the ductus arteriosus?
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Coarcation of aorta
Ventricular repolarization
QRS complex

49. Unilateral headache - jaw claudication - impaired vision
LCX - V4- V6
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure

50. What can cause mitral prolapse?
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
ASD