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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. How does angiotensin II raise MAP
Vasocxn
Yes
Babies
Lymphangiosarcoma
2. retrosternal chest main with exertion - ST depression on ECG - likely due atherosclerosis
Stable angina
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
3. What causes the cushing reflex and why
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Eisenmenger's syndrome
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
4. Which artery supplies the inferior portion of the left ventricle and posterior septum?
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Cherry hemangioma
CO
During diastole
5. Which organ gets the largest share of systemic cardiac output
In parallel
Liver
10%
7 weeks
6. Which enzyme rises after 4 hours and is elevated for 7 to 10 days after an MI?
Right sided
Troponin I
Vasocxn
Increase contractility
7. What masks atrial repolarization?
QRS complex
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Liver
LCX - I - aVL
8. Left to right shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Can progess to V fib
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Kids
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
9. congenital heart defect in an infant with a diabetic mother?
Transposition of great vessels
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
10. Chronic mitral stenosis can lead to what changes in size of the LA
Systolic dysfunction
Preload
Dilation
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
11. moncekberg
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Stable angina
Transfusion
12. The cause of dyspnea on exertion?
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Fick principle
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
13. What does the atria release in response to inc blood volume and atrial pressure
No - no pressure gradient
140/90
ANP
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
14. What does FAN MY SKIN On Wednesday stand for?
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
RCA
Kidney
Subendocardial
15. What are the 5 T's of cyanoitc babies
Increase in Pc
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
The first 4 days
Aortic insuffic - late
16. In an EKG - What is the T wave?
LAD
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Ventricular repolarization
17. congenital heart defect with congenital rubella
Aortic insuffic - late
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
MI
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
18. in the JVP - What is the a wave?
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Atrial contraction
Increase contractility
Group a beta hemolytic strep
19. cavernous lymphangioma of the neck - associated with turner's
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Cystic hygroma
Troponin I
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
20. segmental thrombosing vasculitis of small and medium vessels in smokers with intermittent claudication - superficial nodular phlebitis - raynaud's - gangrene and severe pain - autoamputation of digits is possible
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21. Which organ has ht highest blood flow per gram of tissue
Infective endocarditis
Mitral valve prolapse
Kidney
V fib
22. smaller vegetations - congenitally abnormal or diseased valves - sequela of dental procedures. Insidious onset
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Viridans streptococci
Kids
Transposition of great vessels
23. bening capillary hemangioma of elderly - does not regress
In RA return (inspiration)
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Cherry hemangioma
24. What is the definition of HTN?
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
140/90
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
25. What are common causes of mitral regurg?
Isovolumetric contraction
Rhabdomyomas
Cardiac tamponde
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
26. wartiike - sterile vegetations occur on both sides of the valve - commonly causes mitral regurg. SLE causes it
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Black > white > asian
27. What is the machine like murmur? What is the heart pathology and the predisposing causes
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
Adult type aortic coarctation
28. What are anitschkow's cells
Activated histiocytes
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
29. Central chemoreceptors do not respond directly to which parameter?
Arteriorles
RCA
In RA return (inspiration)
P02
30. Right to left shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Babies
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
V fib
Transmural
31. EDV - ESV
Stroke volume
Black > white > asian
RCA - II - III - aVF
Can progess to V fib
32. In an EKG - What is the QRS complex?
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Yes
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Mitral stenosis
33. What kind of infarct show ST depression
Subendocardial
Vasocxn
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
34. What causes the murmur heard in tricuspid regurg to enhance
Kidney
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
In RA return (inspiration)
Atherosclerosis
35. How does aldosterone raise MAP
Dressler's - autoimmune
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Inc blood volume
Preload
36. congenital heart defect withdown syndrome
Diastolic
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
37. What happens in phase 0 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
LCX - I - aVL
V fib
S. epidermidis
38. What is indicated when CO and venous return are equal?
Stroke volume
Vagus to medulla
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
The operating point of the heart
39. disease of elastic arteries and large and medium sized muscular arteries
Cardiac tamponde
Truncus - tet of fallot
Atherosclerosis
7 weeks
40. lymphatic malignancy associated with persistant lymphadema - post radical mastectomy
The plateau period
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Lymphangiosarcoma
C - ANCA
41. What murmur is heard with aortic regurg?
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Prinzmetal angina
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
42. On the cardiac cycle graph - on which corners do the opening and closing of the aortic and mitral valves occur?
Angiosarcoma
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
The plateau period
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
43. Which murmur is heard in aortic stenosis?
Atrial contraction
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Hyperlipidemia
44. What causes aortic regurg
Mitral and tricuspid closure
TAPVR
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
ANP
45. What 4 things drive myocardial 02 demand?
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
During diastole
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
46. What is the characteristic pulse in aortic stenosis?
During diastole
Decreases
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Mitral and tricuspid closure
47. systolic - diastolic
MAP
Pulse pressure
Hemorrhage
Prinzmetal angina
48. What are the complications of atherosclerosis?
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
No - no pressure gradient
Hemorrhage
49. congenital heart defect with 22q11
Truncus - tet of fallot
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Black > white > asian
50. progressive lengthening of PR until beat is dropped - a p wave not followed by QRS
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Pulse pressure