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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. How does aldosterone raise MAP
S. aureus
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
RCA - II - III - aVF
Inc blood volume
2. How does angiotensin II raise MAP
Right sided
Mitral valve prolapse
Vasocxn
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
3. The aortic arch receptors transmit along which nerve?
S. aureus
Left heart failure
Vagus to medulla
The plateau period
4. Which sympathetic receptors raise MAP
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Boot shaped heart
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
MI
5. The carotid sinus transmits along which nerve?
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Buerger's disease
Granuloma with giant cells
The first 4 days
6. What does prolonged QT predispose to?
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Torsades de pointes
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
7. decrease stretch in baroreceptors leads to what response?
SV/ EDV
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
8. stroke volume x HR =?
Myxoma
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
No - no pressure gradient
CO
9. What happens in phase 0 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Transfusion
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
LAD - V1 - V4
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
10. What does hypoxia cause in the lung versus other tissues?
Viridans streptococci
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Rhabdomyomas
11. EDV is also known as
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
Preload
Polyarteritis nodosum
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
12. What is the progression of atherosclerosis?
RCA
Granuloma with giant cells
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
13. tearing chest pain radiation to the back - associated with marfan
Vasodilators
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
Can progess to V fib
14. necrotizing granulomas in lung and upper airways - nectrotizing GN - small vessel vasculitis
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15. Restrictive cardiomyopathy causes
Can progess to V fib
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Vasodilators
16. What causes aortic stenosis
RF
HypoK and bradycardia
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
17. In terms of starling forces - why does nephrotic syndrome or liver failure cause edems
The operating point of the heart
Adult type aortic coarctation
Strawberry hemangioma
Dec plasma proteins
18. What does T wave inversion indicated?
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Hemorrhage
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
MI
19. What stimulates release of calcium from the SR?
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
20. Which area of the endocardium is especially vulnerable to infarction? Why?
ANP
In HF
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
21. What is the result of not have fast sodium channels in pacemaker cells?
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Myxoma
Hemorrhage
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
22. In an EKG - What is the QRS complex?
MI
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
23. What do the carotid and aortic bodies respond to?
Mitral valve prolapse
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
24. Exercise - overtransfusiion and excitiment causes and increase in...?
Atherosclerosis
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Troponin I
Preload
25. delta wave on ECG - accesory conduction pathway from atria to ventricles - reentry leading to supraventricular tachycardia
Diastolic
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
C - ANCA
Left sided
26. Churg Strauss - presentation and test
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
Eisenmenger's syndrome
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
27. diaphoresis - N/V - severe retrosternal pain - pain in left arm/jaw - SOB - fatigue - adrenergic symptoms
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Volatage gated Ca channels
MI
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
28. bening capillary hemangioma of elderly - does not regress
Cherry hemangioma
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
29. What masks atrial repolarization?
Aortic and pulmonary closing
QRS complex
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Fluid movement through capillaries
30. What is the early and late lesion in rheumatic heart disease
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Mitral valve prolapse
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
31. What does FEVERSS stand for in rheumatic heart disease
Kids
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
32. What can cause mitral prolapse?
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
MI
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
33. Which murmur is heard with VSD?
Hemorrhage
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
34. Rank the following by speed of conduction - av node - atria - purkinjee - ventricles
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Lymphangiosarcoma
LCX - V4- V6
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
35. immune mediated transmural vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis - small and medium vessels - renal and viscera - not pulm arteries - hep B seropos in 30% of pts
Yes
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Polyarteritis nodosum
36. In a lateral wall infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
ANP
LAD > RCA > circumflex
LCX - I - aVL
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
37. smaller vegetations - congenitally abnormal or diseased valves - sequela of dental procedures. Insidious onset
Increase in Pc
Rhabdomyomas
Viridans streptococci
Truncus - tet of fallot
38. Which lab value indicates blood viscosity?
Vasocxn
Buerger's disease
Mean arterial pressure
Hematocrit
39. What constitues the upstroke in pacemaker cells?
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Volatage gated Ca channels
Mitral stenosis
Stable angina
40. Which vessels account for the most total peripheral resistance
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Arteriorles
Holosystoiic
41. Unilateral headache - jaw claudication - impaired vision
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Cystic hygroma
Gap junctions
Takayasu's arteritis
42. In an acute MI - are there any visible changes via LM in the first 2-4 hours
No
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Arteriorles
43. Where are pacemaker cells?
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
SA and AV nodes
Adult type aortic coarctation
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
44. How does acidosis affect contractility?
If sodium channel
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Decreased
Early deaths from myocarditis
45. What happens in phase 3 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
In series
46. congenital heart defect with congenital rubella
Stable angina
140/90
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
47. S3 - dilated heart on US - balloon appearance on CXR - eccentric hypertrophy
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
48. When do you find hemosiderin laden macrophages in the lungs?
P02
In RA return (inspiration)
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Stable angina
49. How are cadiac myocytes eltrically coupled?
Gap junctions
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
Vagus to medulla
The operating point of the heart
50. In an EKG - What is the QT interval?
CK- MB
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
LAD - V1- V2
CHF
Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?
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