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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. If HR is too fast (V tach) what happens during diastole?
Coarcation of aorta
RF
Atherosclerosis
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
2. What causes the CO curve to shift downwards?
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
LCX - V4- V6
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
3. wartiike - sterile vegetations occur on both sides of the valve - commonly causes mitral regurg. SLE causes it
RCA
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Torsades de pointes
4. What are the different etiologies of dialted cardiomyopathy
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
TAPVR
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
5. In an acute MI - are there any visible changes via LM in the first 2-4 hours
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
No
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
6. stroke volume x HR =?
CO
In RA return (inspiration)
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
7. In the cardiac cycle - which period has the highest 02 consumption?
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Glomus tumor
Isovolumetric contraction
8. In a lateral wall infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
LCX - I - aVL
QRS complex
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Preload
9. What is the cushing triad?
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Decreases
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Can progess to V fib
10. What causes the early cyanosis in Tet of Fallot?
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
EKG
RCA - II - III - aVF
11. in the JVP - What is the a wave?
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
MAP
LCX - V4- V6
Atrial contraction
12. Do you see elevaged ASO titers in rheumatic heart disease
Yes
Angiosarcoma
Strawberry hemangioma
S. bovis
13. What is the classic X ray finding for tet of fallot?
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
7 weeks
Boot shaped heart
Wegener's
14. failure of truncus arteriosus to divide?
Systolic dysfunction
Persistant truncus arteriosus
SA and AV nodes
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
15. cavernous lymphangioma of the neck - associated with turner's
Fick principle
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Cystic hygroma
16. Wegener's tx
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Atrial contraction
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
17. S3 - dilated heart on US - balloon appearance on CXR - eccentric hypertrophy
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
In parallel
Dilated cardiomyopathy
18. What are the systolic heart sounds
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
TAPVR
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
19. What causes hepatomegaly?
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Torsades de pointes
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
20. When does EF decrease
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
In HF
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
21. What is sudden cardiac death most commonly due to...
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
RCA
V fib arrhythima
22. bacterial endocarditis - previously normal valves - rapid onset - Which bacteria?
Torsades de pointes
Angiosarcoma
S. aureus
Atherosclerosis
23. How does aldosterone raise MAP
Adult type aortic coarctation
CK- MB
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Inc blood volume
24. Endothelial malignancy of the skin assocated with HHV-8 and HIV
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25. On the cardiac cycle graph - on which corners do the opening and closing of the aortic and mitral valves occur?
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Inc blood volume
Liver
26. In an anterior wall infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
LAD - V1 - V4
27. What is the progression of atherosclerosis?
Wegener's
Lymphangiosarcoma
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
28. What causes tet of fallot?
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Turners
Polyarteritis nodosum
Wegener's
29. In an EKG - What is the PR interval?
At least 55%
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Eisenmenger's syndrome
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
30. Fatal arrhythmia
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Prinzmetal angina
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
V fib
31. Which bacteria causes rheumatic heart disease
Group a beta hemolytic strep
...
Raynaud's
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
32. What causes aortic regurg
Truncus - tet of fallot
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Gap junctions
33. How are sarcomeres added in concentric hypertrophy?
In parallel
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
SV/ EDV
34. Which lab value indicates blood viscosity?
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Vasocxn
Hematocrit
35. In an EKG - What is the T wave?
V fib
Ventricular repolarization
Troponin I
PDA
36. which ethnic groups have higher association with HTN?
Black > white > asian
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
37. benign capillary skin papules in AIDS patients mistaken for kaposi sarcoma - caused by bartonella henselae
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
...
Decrease in cAMP
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
38. What does hypoxia cause in the lung versus other tissues?
7 weeks
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
RCA
39. Central chemoreceptors do not respond directly to which parameter?
P02
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
40. In an anterolateral infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
The operating point of the heart
1st degree AV blodck
LCX - V4- V6
Troponin I
41. How do catecholamines increase contractility?
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
The operating point of the heart
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
42. In terms of starling forces - why does heart failure cause edema?
Left sided
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Increase contractility
Increase in Pc
43. p - anca
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44. Wegener's presentation
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
P02
During diastole
Arteriorles
45. What constitues the upstroke in pacemaker cells?
LAD - V1 - V4
Volatage gated Ca channels
PDA
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
46. most common primary cardiac tumor in adults - ball - valve obstruction in left atrium
Cardiac tamponde
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Myxoma
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
47. What does T wave inversion indicated?
Aortic and pulmonary closing
LCX - V4- V6
MI
In parallel
48. What are tendinous xanthoma - atheromas - and corneal arcus signs of?
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Hyperlipidemia
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
49. lymphatic malignancy associated with persistant lymphadema - post radical mastectomy
Lymphangiosarcoma
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
50. What happens with a decrease of extracellular Na
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Aortic stenosis or LBBB