SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. bacterial endocarditis - previously normal valves - rapid onset - Which bacteria?
Atherosclerosis
The first 4 days
S. aureus
Left atrial pressure
2. congenital heart defect in an infant with a diabetic mother?
Transposition of great vessels
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Babies
EKG
3. What causes orthopnea?
No
Activated histiocytes
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
4. Wegener's tx
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Dec plasma proteins
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
5. coronary artery spasm - ST elevation
Prinzmetal angina
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Kids
1st degree AV blodck
6. When does extracellular calcium enter the cardiac muscle cells during contraction?
Angiosarcoma
The plateau period
S. aureus
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
7. What causes the murmur heard in MR to enhance?
RCA - II - III - aVF
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
8. EDV is also known as
Atherosclerosis
Preload
CK- MB
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
9. What masks atrial repolarization?
Buerger's disease
Lymphangiosarcoma
S. aureus
QRS complex
10. The cause of cardiac dilation?
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Stroke volume
Greater ventricular EDV
11. What causes the CO curve to shift downwards?
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
ANP
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Cherry hemangioma
12. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the left?
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Atherosclerosis
Subendocardial
Hemorrhage
13. in the JVP - What is the a wave?
Non
Atrial contraction
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
14. skin rash on buttocks and legs - arthralgia - intestinal hemorrhage - abdominal pain - melena. Follows URI - IgA immune complex - most common childhood systemic vasculitis
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Unstable/crescendo angina
Left sided
Adult type aortic coarctation
15. What happens in phase 0 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
LCX - I - aVL
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
Coarcation of aorta
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
16. What are the four most common locations for atherosclerosis?
The operating point of the heart
Rhabdomyomas
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
17. What is the characteristic pulse in aortic stenosis?
Fick principle
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Yes
18. S3 - dilated heart on US - balloon appearance on CXR - eccentric hypertrophy
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
Dilated cardiomyopathy
During diastole
Raynaud's
19. What causes the early cyanosis in Tet of Fallot?
Torsades de pointes
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Cardiac tamponde
20. What does mitral prolapse predeispose to?
SV/ EDV
Infective endocarditis
Libman - sacks endocarditis
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
21. What causes the CO curve to shift upwards?
SV/ EDV
LAD - V1- V2
Troponin I
Pos inotropy - exercise
22. What are common causes of mitral regurg?
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
EKG
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
23. If HR is too fast (V tach) what happens during diastole?
Right sided
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Inc blood volume
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
24. smaller vegetations - congenitally abnormal or diseased valves - sequela of dental procedures. Insidious onset
Viridans streptococci
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
Temporal arteritis
Kawasaki
25. What is the early and late lesion in rheumatic heart disease
140/90
Mitral valve prolapse
Wegener's
Pos inotropy - exercise
26. What cardiac change occurs in pregnancy?
LAD - V1- V2
Atrial contraction
EKG
Increased SV
27. What does an isoelectric ST segment indicate?
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
No - no pressure gradient
Ventricles are depolarized
Adult type aortic coarctation
28. In an EKG - What is the p wave?
S. epidermidis
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Atrial contraction
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
29. Which channel accounts for automaticity of the SA and AV nodes?
Arteriorles
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
If sodium channel
30. When do you see extensive coagulative necrosis in an MI
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
Preload
31. When during cardiac nodal cells depolarize?
During diastole
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
32. what percentage of HTN is secondary to renal disease?
Viridans streptococci
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
10%
33. Irregularly irregular ECG - no p waves: dx and treatment
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Stroke volume
34. The 7 complications of MI
35. Which organ gets the largest share of systemic cardiac output
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
Liver
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Turners
36. Where are pacemaker cells?
SA and AV nodes
Stable angina
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Kaposi's sarcoma
37. Which bacteria can cause endocarditis from prosthetic valves?
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
S. epidermidis
HypoK and bradycardia
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
38. In the evolution of an MI - when the risk for free wall rupture - tamponade - papillary muscle rupture - or interventricular septal rupture the hightest? Why?
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
39. What is indicated when CO and venous return are equal?
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Increase contractility
The operating point of the heart
Cystic hygroma
40. What is the most common cause of MI
Left atrial pressure
The plateau period
At least 55%
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
41. 2/3 diastolic + 1/3 systolic
RCA
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
MAP
Subendocardial
42. In terms of starling forces - why does nephrotic syndrome or liver failure cause edems
Dec plasma proteins
Cardiac tamponde
7 weeks
Vasocxn
43. what happens to capillaries in lymphatic blockage
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Left sided
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
44. benign - painful - red - blue tumor under fingernails from smooth muscle cells
MAP
Glomus tumor
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Torsades de pointes
45. What is the S2 sound?
Transfusion
LCX - V4- V6
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Aortic and pulmonary closing
46. What causes the midsystolic click
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
The first 4 days
Increased SV
47. Which murmur is characteristic of mitral/tricuspid regurg?
Turners
RV failure - in venous pressure
Holosystoiic
P02
48. tearing chest pain radiation to the back - associated with marfan
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Left sided
49. In an inferior wall infarct - which artery is affected and which leads show Q waves
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
V fib arrhythima
Kidney
RCA - II - III - aVF
50. Left to right shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Kids
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Aortic insuffic - late