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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the classic X ray finding for tet of fallot?
Ventricles are depolarized
Transmural
Boot shaped heart
Liver
2. What causes the CO curve to shift downwards?
Changes in CO as a function of preload
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Hyperlipidemia
Stroke volume
3. Which organ has the largest arteriovenous difference
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
...
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
4. What causes the cushing reflex and why
Strawberry hemangioma
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
5. When do coronary arteries fill?
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Decreases
During diastole
6. What are the four most common locations for atherosclerosis?
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Lymphangiosarcoma
Persistant truncus arteriosus
7. S3 - dilated heart on US - balloon appearance on CXR - eccentric hypertrophy
S. bovis
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
8. congenital heart defect with marfan's
C - ANCA
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
Aortic insuffic - late
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
9. failure of truncus arteriosus to divide?
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Vasocxn
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
10. In an inferior wall infarct - which artery is affected and which leads show Q waves
RCA - II - III - aVF
During diastole
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Inc Kf - capillary perm
11. SV CAP means?
Coarcation of aorta
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
The plateau period
12. L to R shunt becomes R to L due to increase pulm pressures from original congenital heart defect
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13. In terms of starling forces - why does heart failure cause edema?
Increase in Pc
Arteriorles
Polyarteritis nodosum
ANP
14. What does the U wave indicated?
140/90
HypoK and bradycardia
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
15. When is the scar completely formed in an MI?
7 weeks
Torsades de pointes
Rhabdomyomas
Increase in Pc
16. Exercise - overtransfusiion and excitiment causes and increase in...?
Ventricles are depolarized
Preload
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Wegener's
17. benign - painful - red - blue tumor under fingernails from smooth muscle cells
SV/ EDV
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Glomus tumor
Stroke volume
18. What are the 5 T's of cyanoitc babies
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Kaposi's sarcoma
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
19. How are sarcomeres added in concentric hypertrophy?
Viridans streptococci
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Buerger's disease
In parallel
20. What causes aortic regurg
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Preload
21. In the evolution of an MI - when the risk for free wall rupture - tamponade - papillary muscle rupture - or interventricular septal rupture the hightest? Why?
Torsades de pointes
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
22. list the coronary vessels most likely to be occluded
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
23. Which lab value indicates blood viscosity?
Fluid movement through capillaries
Stroke volume
Hematocrit
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
24. What does HTN predispose to?
Decreased
Right sided
The operating point of the heart
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
25. In what disease states is blood viscosity increased?
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Aortic insuffic - late
Eisenmenger's syndrome
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
26. The cause of dyspnea on exertion?
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Gap junctions
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
27. moncekberg
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
TAPVR
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Decreases
28. Which kind of infarct show ST elevation - and/or pathologic Q waves
Transmural
Vasodilators
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
...
29. Which bacteria causes rheumatic heart disease
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Fick principle
30. In a lateral wall infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
LCX - I - aVL
Transmural
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
SA and AV nodes
31. What 4 things drive myocardial 02 demand?
ASD
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
32. Which murmur is heard with VSD?
V fib
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
33. What other congenital abnormality is necessary for life for a patient with transposition of the great vesses?
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Angiosarcoma
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Ventricular repolarization
34. Restrictive cardiomyopathy causes
Gap junctions
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Stable angina
No
35. What causes the midsystolic click
RV failure - in venous pressure
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Infective endocarditis
36. What causes ankle - sacral edema - jugular venous distention
Babies
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
RV failure - in venous pressure
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
37. congenital heart defect with 22q11
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Myxoma
CFX
Truncus - tet of fallot
38. Central chemoreceptors do not respond directly to which parameter?
Hemorrhage
P02
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Diastolic
39. EDV - ESV
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
LAD
Stroke volume
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
40. congenital heart defect in an infant with a diabetic mother?
Transposition of great vessels
Boot shaped heart
Increased SV
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
41. What is the S2 sound?
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Dilation
Cystic hygroma
S. aureus
42. stroke volume x HR =?
LAD - V1 - V4
CO
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Volatage gated Ca channels
43. most common heart tumor
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Transposition of great vessels
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Kaposi's sarcoma
44. What causes the ejection click in the Cres - decres murmur?
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Vagus to medulla
Dec plasma proteins
45. What is indicated when CO and venous return are equal?
The operating point of the heart
Liver
140/90
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
46. What does hypoxia cause in the lung versus other tissues?
Pulse pressure
Eisenmenger's syndrome
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Liver
47. coronary artery spasm - ST elevation
QRS complex
Vagus to medulla
C - ANCA
Prinzmetal angina
48. When and why is the S3 sound heard?
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Increased SV
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
49. Which artery supplies the SA and AV nodes?
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
SV/ EDV
Boot shaped heart
RCA
50. When does extracellular calcium enter the cardiac muscle cells during contraction?
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
The plateau period
RCA - II - III - aVF