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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
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Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. systolic - diastolic
Increase in Pc
Rhabdomyomas
Pulse pressure
Raynaud's
2. What does HTN predispose to?
Preload
C - ANCA
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
3. What supplies the posterior left ventricle?
Angiosarcoma
Systolic dysfunction
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
CFX
4. What masks atrial repolarization?
Stable angina
Pos inotropy - exercise
QRS complex
Mitral valve prolapse
5. acute - self limiting necrotizing vasculitis in children associated with fever - conjunctivitis - strawberry tongue - desquamatous skin rash - lymphadenitis - coronary sinus aneurysms. Seen in asians
Kawasaki
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
6. necrotizing granulomas in lung and upper airways - nectrotizing GN - small vessel vasculitis
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7. What causes the murmur heard in tricuspid regurg to enhance
In RA return (inspiration)
CFX
Aortic insuffic - late
During diastole
8. In terms of starling forces - why does heart failure cause edema?
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Left sided
Increase in Pc
Truncus - tet of fallot
9. delta wave on ECG - accesory conduction pathway from atria to ventricles - reentry leading to supraventricular tachycardia
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
10%
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
10. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the left?
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Hemorrhage
MAP
11. pulseless disease - granulomatous thickening of the aortic arch and/or proximal great vessels - elev ESR - asian females > 40
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12. What does prolonged QT predispose to?
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Torsades de pointes
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
13. What kind of dysfunction ensues in restrictive cardiomyopathy
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
Diastolic
14. smaller vegetations - congenitally abnormal or diseased valves - sequela of dental procedures. Insidious onset
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
Viridans streptococci
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
15. What is the S1 sound?
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Strawberry hemangioma
Atherosclerosis
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
16. Which lab value indicates blood viscosity?
Hematocrit
Diastolic
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
EKG
17. Wegener's presentation
Dressler's - autoimmune
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
18. What is the result of not have fast sodium channels in pacemaker cells?
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Troponin I
Wegener's
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
19. In an EKG - What is the QT interval?
Atrial contraction
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Liver
20. What causes the cushing reflex and why
The first 4 days
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
7 weeks
21. What happends in phase 1 of the ventricular cardiac action potential?
Non
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Atrial contraction
P02
22. dyspnea - fatigue - edema and rales - multiple causes
CHF
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
Granuloma with giant cells
23. Restrictive cardiomyopathy causes
CK- MB
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Atherosclerosis
24. tearing chest pain radiation to the back - associated with marfan
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Black > white > asian
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
LCX - I - aVL
25. no change in PR interval followed by dropped beat
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Ventricular repolarization
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
26. What causes hepatomegaly?
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
10%
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
Mitral valve prolapse
27. prolonged PR interval
Transfusion
CK- MB
1st degree AV blodck
Yes
28. What does the starling curve show?
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Diastolic
Changes in CO as a function of preload
29. Does eccentric hypertrophy or concentric hypertrophy cause systolic disfunction
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Non
Liver
30. What does FROM JANE stand for in bacterial endocarditis?
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31. What is the early and late lesion in rheumatic heart disease
Myxoma
Mitral valve prolapse
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
32. in the JVP - What is the v wave?
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
33. list the coronary vessels most likely to be occluded
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Torsades de pointes
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
LAD > RCA > circumflex
34. congenital heart defect in an infant with a diabetic mother?
Transposition of great vessels
LCX - V4- V6
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
35. Which murmur is heard with mitral prolapse?
Prinzmetal angina
Boot shaped heart
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
36. What causes tet of fallot?
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
...
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
37. What are tendinous xanthoma - atheromas - and corneal arcus signs of?
Myxoma
Hyperlipidemia
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Raynaud's
38. Left to right shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Left sided
Transposition of great vessels
Kids
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
39. Where is the most posterior portion of the heart and What can it cause?
MAP
V fib
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
SA and AV nodes
40. How are sarcomeres added in concentric hypertrophy?
Cardiac tamponde
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
In parallel
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
41. What is associated with paradoxical spliting of S2
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
During diastole
42. thrombosis w/o necrosis - ST elevation - worsening chest pain at rest or with minimal exertion
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Hyperlipidemia
Unstable/crescendo angina
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
43. Inspiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds?
Right sided
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Hemorrhage
44. What cardiac change occurs in pregnancy?
SV/ EDV
No - no pressure gradient
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Increased SV
45. What is the machine like murmur? What is the heart pathology and the predisposing causes
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Systolic dysfunction
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
46. skin rash on buttocks and legs - arthralgia - intestinal hemorrhage - abdominal pain - melena. Follows URI - IgA immune complex - most common childhood systemic vasculitis
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
47. p - anca
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48. The cause of dyspnea on exertion?
Mitral stenosis
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
The first 4 days
49. What are the complications of atherosclerosis?
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Pulse pressure
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
50. What constitues the upstroke in pacemaker cells?
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Kaposi's sarcoma
Volatage gated Ca channels
Kids
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