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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In an EKG - What is the QT interval?
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
The first 4 days
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Babies
2. What is the time frame for arrhythmia risk in the evolution of MI
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Black > white > asian
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
The first 4 days
3. 2/3 diastolic + 1/3 systolic
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
MAP
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
4. What is the formula for EF?
Cherry hemangioma
Atrial contraction
Increase in Pc
SV/ EDV
5. Does blood flow across the actual ASD account for abnormal heart sounds? What is the reason?
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
No - no pressure gradient
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Torsades de pointes
6. What does an isoelectric ST segment indicate?
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Ventricles are depolarized
ANP
SV/ EDV
7. What are the systolic heart sounds
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Isovolumetric contraction
S. bovis
Persistant truncus arteriosus
8. What is the difference between adult and infantile type aortic coarctation?
Yes
Mitral valve prolapse
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
9. Which organ gets the largest share of systemic cardiac output
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Liver
Left heart failure
10. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by catecholamines and
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
RCA - II - III - aVF
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Cystic hygroma
11. S3 - dilated heart on US - balloon appearance on CXR - eccentric hypertrophy
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
12. What does prolonged QT predispose to?
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
10%
Activated histiocytes
Torsades de pointes
13. decrease blood flow to the skin due to arteriolar vasospasm in cold temp - emotional stress - also in SLE and CREST
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14. Does eccentric hypertrophy or concentric hypertrophy cause systolic disfunction
Strawberry hemangioma
HypoK and bradycardia
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
15. What causes aortic stenosis
S. aureus
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Eisenmenger's syndrome
16. Unilateral headache - jaw claudication - impaired vision
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Aortic insuffic - late
In series
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
17. What causes hepatomegaly?
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Truncus - tet of fallot
18. Which channel accounts for automaticity of the SA and AV nodes?
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Atherosclerosis
Adult type aortic coarctation
If sodium channel
19. Which murmur is heard with VSD?
QRS complex
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Holosystoiic
Kidney
20. in the JVP - What is the v wave?
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
21. What is the gold standard for dx of MI in the first 6 hours
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Unstable/crescendo angina
EKG
Eisenmenger's syndrome
22. What is the early and late lesion in rheumatic heart disease
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Mitral valve prolapse
Strawberry hemangioma
Transposition of great vessels
23. What is the S1 sound?
SA and AV nodes
Increase in Pc
Mitral and tricuspid closure
HypoK and bradycardia
24. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the left?
Hemorrhage
PDA
LCX - I - aVL
Transposition of great vessels
25. Which kind of infarct show ST elevation - and/or pathologic Q waves
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Transmural
Atherosclerosis
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
26. what happens to capillaries in lymphatic blockage
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Prinzmetal angina
Granuloma with giant cells
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
27. in the JVP - What is the a wave?
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Black > white > asian
Left heart failure
Atrial contraction
28. What causes the CO curve to shift upwards?
Diastolic
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
S. aureus
Pos inotropy - exercise
29. Central chemoreceptors do not respond directly to which parameter?
LAD - V1 - V4
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
P02
30. The cause of cardiac dilation?
Greater ventricular EDV
MI
In series
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
31. most common heart tumor
Turners
Transfusion
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
32. progressive lengthening of PR until beat is dropped - a p wave not followed by QRS
Atrial contraction
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
33. congenital heart defect in an infant with a diabetic mother?
Transposition of great vessels
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Fluid movement through capillaries
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
34. pulseless disease - granulomatous thickening of the aortic arch and/or proximal great vessels - elev ESR - asian females > 40
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35. no relation between p waves and QRS intervals - treatment and predisposing factor
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
V fib
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
36. What murmur is heard with aortic regurg?
Hematocrit
Boot shaped heart
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
37. L to R shunt becomes R to L due to increase pulm pressures from original congenital heart defect
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38. What happends in phase 1 of the ventricular cardiac action potential?
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Liver
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
39. In a lateral wall infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Persistant truncus arteriosus
LCX - I - aVL
Dilation
40. Why is there edema after burns or during infection
Right sided
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Atrial contraction
Temporal arteritis
41. When is the scar completely formed in an MI?
7 weeks
Atrial contraction
Holosystoiic
Mitral and tricuspid closure
42. Which murmur is heard with mitral prolapse?
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
43. What are the different etiologies of dialted cardiomyopathy
EKG
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
44. Which valve is commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis from IV drug use and Which bacteria are most common?
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45. What is the progression of atherosclerosis?
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
SA and AV nodes
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
46. benign capillary skin papules in AIDS patients mistaken for kaposi sarcoma - caused by bartonella henselae
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Transposition of great vessels
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
...
47. What causes the murmur heard in MR to enhance?
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
48. What channels do the the pacemaker cells lack?
Decreases
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Kids
Fast volatge gated Na channels
49. which ethnic groups have higher association with HTN?
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Black > white > asian
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Non
50. What happens with a decrease of extracellular Na
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Coarcation of aorta
Changes in CO as a function of preload
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?
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