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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. How are sarcomeres added in concentric hypertrophy?
EKG
In parallel
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Unstable/crescendo angina
2. What is the cushing triad?
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Strawberry hemangioma
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
The plateau period
3. Do you see elevaged ASO titers in rheumatic heart disease
Torsades de pointes
Yes
Aortic insuffic - late
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
4. In an anterior wall infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
LAD - V1 - V4
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Volatage gated Ca channels
5. What happends in phase 1 of the ventricular cardiac action potential?
Mitral valve prolapse
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Systolic dysfunction
6. decrease stretch in baroreceptors leads to what response?
Strawberry hemangioma
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
7. EDV - ESV
Temporal arteritis
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Glomus tumor
Stroke volume
8. Where does coronary artery occlusion occur most commonly?
LAD
RCA - II - III - aVF
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Mitral valve
9. PCWP is an estimate of...
Left atrial pressure
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Non
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
10. friction rub - 3-5 days post MI
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
RCA
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
11. Which organ has the largest arteriovenous difference
If sodium channel
Arteriorles
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
The plateau period
12. which heart valves are afected most in rheumatic heart diseease
Rhabdomyomas
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Hyperlipidemia
13. What does TAPVR stand for
Coarcation of aorta
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
14. Most common vasculitis affecting medium and large arteries
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Systolic dysfunction
Temporal arteritis
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
15. In what disease states is blood viscosity increased?
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Dec plasma proteins
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
16. Unilateral headache - jaw claudication - impaired vision
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
HypoK and bradycardia
17. thrombosis w/o necrosis - ST elevation - worsening chest pain at rest or with minimal exertion
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Isovolumetric contraction
Unstable/crescendo angina
Turners
18. Which class of drugs decrease the murmur heard in aortic regurg?
Granuloma with giant cells
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
Vasodilators
1st degree AV blodck
19. How do catecholamines increase contractility?
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Rhabdomyomas
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
20. What causes the murmur heard in tricuspid regurg to enhance
In RA return (inspiration)
ANP
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
21. Expiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds
Fick principle
Left sided
1st degree AV blodck
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
22. benign cap hemangioma of infancy - spont regresses
Strawberry hemangioma
Granuloma with giant cells
Right sided
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
23. disruption of the vasa vasorum of aorta - dilation of aorta and valve ring - tree bark appearance (calcifications on aortic root)
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Temporal arteritis
Systolic dysfunction
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
24. Which artery supplies the SA and AV nodes?
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
No - no pressure gradient
LAD > RCA > circumflex
RCA
25. Endothelial malignancy of the skin assocated with HHV-8 and HIV
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26. Hyperplastic onion skinning
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Dilation
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
27. Central chemoreceptors do not respond directly to which parameter?
P02
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
SA and AV nodes
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
28. Which bacteria causes endocarditis in the presence of colon cancer
Decreases
Atherosclerosis
Stroke volume
S. bovis
29. What causes the midsystolic click
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Persistant truncus arteriosus
30. Which vessels account for the most total peripheral resistance
Arteriorles
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
In RA return (inspiration)
31. What does the atria release in response to inc blood volume and atrial pressure
Arteriorles
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
ANP
ASD
32. delta wave on ECG - accesory conduction pathway from atria to ventricles - reentry leading to supraventricular tachycardia
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
Eisenmenger's syndrome
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
33. What is the definition of HTN?
In series
140/90
No - no pressure gradient
Changes in CO as a function of preload
34. no change in PR interval followed by dropped beat
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
35. stroke volume x HR =?
Mitral valve prolapse
CO
Stable angina
Fast volatge gated Na channels
36. What does prolonged QT predispose to?
Torsades de pointes
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Glomus tumor
CO
37. Where are pacemaker cells?
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
SA and AV nodes
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
38. What is a normal EF
At least 55%
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Increased SV
Mitral and tricuspid closure
39. Does eccentric hypertrophy or concentric hypertrophy cause systolic disfunction
LAD - V1 - V4
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Angiosarcoma
40. What does the LAD supply?
Kawasaki
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
41. What is the time frame for arrhythmia risk in the evolution of MI
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
The first 4 days
Stable angina
42. What happens with a decrease of extracellular Na
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
43. polypoid capillary hemangioma that can ulcerate and bleed
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Decrease in cAMP
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
44. What constitues the upstroke in pacemaker cells?
Volatage gated Ca channels
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Atrial contraction
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
45. Left to right shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Kids
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Early deaths from myocarditis
MAP
46. When and why do you hear the S4 sound
Arteriorles
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
47. What other sign is often present with congenital long QT syndrome - why?
Left atrial pressure
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Early deaths from myocarditis
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
48. What other congenital abnormality is necessary for life for a patient with transposition of the great vesses?
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
49. sawtooth wave
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50. In an EKG - What is the p wave?
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Atrial contraction
S. bovis
Black > white > asian