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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What do the starling forces determine
Fluid movement through capillaries
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
Raynaud's
2. What does the atria release in response to inc blood volume and atrial pressure
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
S. epidermidis
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
ANP
3. What causes the midsystolic click
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Infective endocarditis
Systolic dysfunction
Temporal arteritis
4. What constitues the upstroke in pacemaker cells?
Volatage gated Ca channels
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Activated histiocytes
5. How does digitatlis increase contractility?
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
In RA return (inspiration)
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Mitral valve prolapse
6. What causes tet of fallot?
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Rhabdomyomas
C - ANCA
7. congenital heart defect with marfan's
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
Increase in Pc
Aortic insuffic - late
Kaposi's sarcoma
8. sawtooth wave
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9. Right to left shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Babies
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
10. tearing chest pain radiation to the back - associated with marfan
7 weeks
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
11. L to R shunt becomes R to L due to increase pulm pressures from original congenital heart defect
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12. Which class of drugs decreases afterload?
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
13. Which murmur is heard with VSD?
Left heart failure
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Aortic insuffic - late
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
14. Central chemoreceptors do not respond directly to which parameter?
P02
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
During diastole
15. Do dihydropyridine or non - dihyrdropyridine Ca channel blockers decrease contractility
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Non
16. Why is there edema after burns or during infection
EKG
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Non
17. What cardiac change occurs in pregnancy?
Kawasaki
Non
Left heart failure
Increased SV
18. What is the S2 sound?
Persistant truncus arteriosus
MAP
Aortic and pulmonary closing
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
19. Which organ has the largest arteriovenous difference
S. bovis
Decreases
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
20. How does aldosterone raise MAP
Decrease in cAMP
Vagus to medulla
Inc blood volume
If sodium channel
21. congenital heart defect in an infant with a diabetic mother?
CFX
Transposition of great vessels
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
22. EDV - ESV
Stroke volume
Isovolumetric contraction
Increase in Pc
Dressler's - autoimmune
23. which ethnic groups have higher association with HTN?
Viridans streptococci
Black > white > asian
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Left atrial pressure
24. Which artery supplies the SA and AV nodes?
Black > white > asian
RCA
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
25. in the JVP - What is the c wave?
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Left heart failure
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
26. What does FAN MY SKIN On Wednesday stand for?
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
Transmural
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
27. benign - painful - red - blue tumor under fingernails from smooth muscle cells
Glomus tumor
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Adult type aortic coarctation
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
28. What 4 things drive myocardial 02 demand?
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Vagus to medulla
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Adult type aortic coarctation
29. In an acute MI - are there any visible changes via LM in the first 2-4 hours
MI
S. bovis
Dressler's - autoimmune
No
30. In terms of starling forces - why does heart failure cause edema?
Increase in Pc
Fick principle
Transmural
LCX - V4- V6
31. What is the cushing triad?
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
32. The carotid sinus transmits along which nerve?
MI
Left sided
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
33. When is the scar completely formed in an MI?
RF
CHF
7 weeks
ANP
34. What is the formula for EF?
QRS complex
ASD
SV/ EDV
SA and AV nodes
35. The cause of cardiac dilation?
No
Kids
Greater ventricular EDV
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
36. progressive lengthening of PR until beat is dropped - a p wave not followed by QRS
ANP
7 weeks
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
C - ANCA
37. What are the different etiologies of dialted cardiomyopathy
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Atherosclerosis
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
38. What channels do the the pacemaker cells lack?
Fast volatge gated Na channels
Non
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Cystic hygroma
39. What are the systolic heart sounds
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Atherosclerosis
40. polypoid capillary hemangioma that can ulcerate and bleed
Yes
CFX
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
41. congenital heart defect with 22q11
Truncus - tet of fallot
At least 55%
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
PDA
42. What does TAPVR stand for
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Holosystoiic
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
43. Which channel accounts for automaticity of the SA and AV nodes?
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
If sodium channel
Dilation
Pulse pressure
44. Do you see elevaged ASO titers in rheumatic heart disease
Yes
Polyarteritis nodosum
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Decrease in cAMP
45. Where is the most posterior portion of the heart and What can it cause?
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Persistant truncus arteriosus
46. failure of truncus arteriosus to divide?
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Troponin I
CO
47. What does mitral prolapse predeispose to?
Truncus - tet of fallot
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Infective endocarditis
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
48. with what heart sounds do ASD usually present?
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Atherosclerosis
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
49. How do beta blockers decrease contractility?
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Ventricles are depolarized
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Decrease in cAMP
50. What happens in phase 3 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Kids
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Raynaud's