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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Fatal arrhythmia
Volatage gated Ca channels
V fib
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Aortic and pulmonary closing
2. The carotid sinus transmits along which nerve?
No - no pressure gradient
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
LCX - V4- V6
3. list the coronary vessels most likely to be occluded
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
4. What do patients die early from in rheumatic heart disease?
In HF
Early deaths from myocarditis
Lymphangiosarcoma
Babies
5. What constitues the upstroke in pacemaker cells?
Volatage gated Ca channels
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Dilation
Atherosclerosis
6. When and why do you hear the S4 sound
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Can progess to V fib
7. diaphoresis - N/V - severe retrosternal pain - pain in left arm/jaw - SOB - fatigue - adrenergic symptoms
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Atherosclerosis
MI
Kidney
8. What happens in phase 2 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Prinzmetal angina
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
9. congenital heart defect with congenital rubella
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Right sided
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
10. How do catecholamines increase contractility?
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Polyarteritis nodosum
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
11. segmental thrombosing vasculitis of small and medium vessels in smokers with intermittent claudication - superficial nodular phlebitis - raynaud's - gangrene and severe pain - autoamputation of digits is possible
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12. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by catecholamines and
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
During diastole
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Atherosclerosis
13. What is the gold standard for dx of MI in the first 6 hours
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Granuloma with giant cells
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
EKG
14. EDV is also known as
Viridans streptococci
Dec plasma proteins
Preload
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
15. bening capillary hemangioma of elderly - does not regress
Kaposi's sarcoma
7 weeks
Cherry hemangioma
Transmural
16. benign capillary skin papules in AIDS patients mistaken for kaposi sarcoma - caused by bartonella henselae
Mitral stenosis
CO
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
...
17. congenital heart defect in an infant with a diabetic mother?
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Transposition of great vessels
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Raynaud's
18. What does increasing intracellular Ca do?
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Increase contractility
19. What supplies the posterior left ventricle?
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Stable angina
CFX
Strawberry hemangioma
20. What can cause mitral prolapse?
LAD - V1- V2
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
21. most common primary cardiac tumor in adults - ball - valve obstruction in left atrium
Myxoma
10%
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
TAPVR
22. Inspiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds?
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Right sided
Unstable/crescendo angina
23. What is indicated when CO and venous return are equal?
The first 4 days
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
The operating point of the heart
24. What is the time frame for arrhythmia risk in the evolution of MI
The first 4 days
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
No
25. Which lab value indicates blood viscosity?
Mitral valve
Hematocrit
Wegener's
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
26. fibrinous pericarditis several weeks post MI
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27. The cause of dyspnea on exertion?
In RA return (inspiration)
Rhabdomyomas
Left atrial pressure
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
28. In an anterolateral infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
Torsades de pointes
Atherosclerosis
LAD > RCA > circumflex
LCX - V4- V6
29. What causes the early cyanosis in Tet of Fallot?
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Pulse pressure
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
30. Equilibration of diastolic pressures in all 4 chambers - decreased CO from compression of heart by fluid in pericardium
Cardiac tamponde
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
31. What is the classic X ray finding for tet of fallot?
LCX - V4- V6
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Gap junctions
Boot shaped heart
32. Which organ has the largest arteriovenous difference
TAPVR
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
33. Restrictive cardiomyopathy causes
Inc blood volume
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
34. In an EKG - What is the QRS complex?
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
35. Which murmur do you hear in mitral stenosis?
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
RCA
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
36. acute - self limiting necrotizing vasculitis in children associated with fever - conjunctivitis - strawberry tongue - desquamatous skin rash - lymphadenitis - coronary sinus aneurysms. Seen in asians
Kawasaki
The first 4 days
Left sided
Can progess to V fib
37. What are the different etiologies of dialted cardiomyopathy
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Troponin I
38. If HR is too fast (V tach) what happens during diastole?
Unstable/crescendo angina
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
39. What are common causes of mitral regurg?
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
V fib
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
40. In normal S2 splitting - which valve closes first? What increases it?
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
MAP
41. highly lethal malignancy of the liver - associated with vinyl chloride - arsenic - and thorosrast exposure
1st degree AV blodck
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Angiosarcoma
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
42. In an inferior wall infarct - which artery is affected and which leads show Q waves
7 weeks
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
RCA - II - III - aVF
43. Which channel accounts for automaticity of the SA and AV nodes?
Takayasu's arteritis
Inc blood volume
Mitral stenosis
If sodium channel
44. Right to left shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Babies
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
45. most common heart tumor
Right sided
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Troponin I
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
46. What happens in phase 4 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Resting potential high K perm
Rhabdomyomas
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
47. What does FROM JANE stand for in bacterial endocarditis?
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48. Churg Strauss - presentation and test
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Transposition of great vessels
49. What are the complications from bacterial endocarditis?
Kids
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Hyperlipidemia
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
50. What is the association with wide S2 splitting?
Kids
ANP
CHF
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB