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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Which organ has the largest arteriovenous difference
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Kids
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Pos inotropy - exercise
2. What happens in phase 4 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Black > white > asian
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Resting potential high K perm
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
3. What is the gold standard for dx of MI in the first 6 hours
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Liver
EKG
During diastole
4. What constitues the upstroke in pacemaker cells?
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Volatage gated Ca channels
5. stroke volume x HR =?
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Isovolumetric contraction
Decrease in cAMP
CO
6. what percentage of HTN is secondary to renal disease?
10%
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
HypoK and bradycardia
Wegener's
7. which ethnic groups have higher association with HTN?
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
10%
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
Black > white > asian
8. In an inferior wall infarct - which artery is affected and which leads show Q waves
Prinzmetal angina
Cherry hemangioma
RCA - II - III - aVF
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
9. How does a patient with Tet of fallot learn to improve symptoms?
RV failure - in venous pressure
Truncus - tet of fallot
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
10. What does HTN predispose to?
Unstable/crescendo angina
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
In series
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
11. Mitral stenosis is most often secondary to which condition?
RF
Fick principle
Liver
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
12. What are common causes of mitral regurg?
ANP
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Can progess to V fib
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
13. benign capillary skin papules in AIDS patients mistaken for kaposi sarcoma - caused by bartonella henselae
No - no pressure gradient
...
MI
Vagus to medulla
14. What does prolonged QT predispose to?
Torsades de pointes
Pos inotropy - exercise
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
Systolic dysfunction
15. moncekberg
Wegener's
CK- MB
Holosystoiic
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
16. Which valve is commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis from IV drug use and Which bacteria are most common?
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17. What does autoregulation do?
Increase in Pc
Kidney
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
PDA
18. What happends in phase 1 of the ventricular cardiac action potential?
Can progess to V fib
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
QRS complex
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
19. Irregularly irregular ECG - no p waves: dx and treatment
Troponin I
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Hemorrhage
Dec plasma proteins
20. PCWP is an estimate of...
Left atrial pressure
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Atherosclerosis
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
21. What is the cushing triad?
Boot shaped heart
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
S. aureus
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
22. What happens in phase 0 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Pos inotropy - exercise
1st degree AV blodck
Prinzmetal angina
23. When do you see extensive coagulative necrosis in an MI
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Persistant truncus arteriosus
24. What does FROM JANE stand for in bacterial endocarditis?
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25. sudden death in young atheletes - S4 - apical impulses - outflow obstruction
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Activated histiocytes
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
LAD - V1 - V4
26. Which artery supplies the inferior portion of the left ventricle and posterior septum?
Mitral stenosis
ASD
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Hemorrhage
27. What happens in phase 2 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Infective endocarditis
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
28. What are tendinous xanthoma - atheromas - and corneal arcus signs of?
S. epidermidis
Hyperlipidemia
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
29. Where is the most posterior portion of the heart and What can it cause?
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Prinzmetal angina
LCX - I - aVL
30. What are the 5 T's of cyanoitc babies
1st degree AV blodck
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Decrease in cAMP
31. What stimulates release of calcium from the SR?
Subendocardial
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
Left atrial pressure
32. What is the S2 sound?
Dec plasma proteins
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Polyarteritis nodosum
33. most common primary cardiac tumor in children - associated with tuberous sclerosis
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Transposition of great vessels
Rhabdomyomas
S. epidermidis
34. serum marker for wegener's
Troponin I
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
C - ANCA
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
35. What murmur is heard with aortic regurg?
RF
V fib
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
36. What are the different etiologies of dialted cardiomyopathy
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Truncus - tet of fallot
During diastole
37. What is a normal EF
At least 55%
RCA - II - III - aVF
Fluid movement through capillaries
Mitral valve prolapse
38. with what heart sounds do ASD usually present?
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
39. The cause of pulmonary edema - paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?
Mean arterial pressure
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
RCA
Aortic insuffic - late
40. On the cardiac cycle graph - on which corners do the opening and closing of the aortic and mitral valves occur?
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Strawberry hemangioma
Arteriorles
41. What cardiac change occurs in pregnancy?
Black > white > asian
Mean arterial pressure
Increased SV
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
42. What other syndrom is associated with infantile aortic coarctation
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
PDA
Turners
Atrial contraction
43. What causes aortic stenosis
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
CK- MB
MAP
At least 55%
44. Wegener's tx
In parallel
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
S. epidermidis
LAD
45. What are the complications of atherosclerosis?
Vasodilators
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
Aortic insuffic - late
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
46. When do you find hemosiderin laden macrophages in the lungs?
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Hematocrit
RV failure - in venous pressure
Boot shaped heart
47. What does FEVERSS stand for in rheumatic heart disease
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
48. What is the machine like murmur? What is the heart pathology and the predisposing causes
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Unstable/crescendo angina
Fluid movement through capillaries
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
49. In an anteroseptal infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
LAD - V1- V2
Fast volatge gated Na channels
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
50. The cause of cardiac dilation?
Troponin I
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Greater ventricular EDV
Unstable/crescendo angina