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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The cause of dyspnea on exertion?
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Mitral valve prolapse
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
2. Given P = QR - what factors influence resistance?
Pos inotropy - exercise
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Granuloma with giant cells
3. Expiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds
Left sided
At least 55%
V fib arrhythima
HypoK and bradycardia
4. Where is the most posterior portion of the heart and What can it cause?
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
MI
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
5. necrotizing granulomas in lung and upper airways - nectrotizing GN - small vessel vasculitis
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6. What other sign is often present with congenital long QT syndrome - why?
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
7. Which organ gets the largest share of systemic cardiac output
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Liver
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Kidney
8. Which organ has the largest arteriovenous difference
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Rhabdomyomas
Inc blood volume
9. thrombosis w/o necrosis - ST elevation - worsening chest pain at rest or with minimal exertion
PDA
Unstable/crescendo angina
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Right sided
10. Rank the pacemakers cells
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Inc blood volume
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
140/90
11. port wine stains on face - intracerebral AVM - siezures - early onset glaucoma - congenital
Viridans streptococci
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
P02
Infective endocarditis
12. diaphoresis - N/V - severe retrosternal pain - pain in left arm/jaw - SOB - fatigue - adrenergic symptoms
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
MI
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
13. What is a normal EF
Viridans streptococci
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
ANP
At least 55%
14. pulmonary veins drain into right heart circulation (SVC - coronary sinus)
Left heart failure
TAPVR
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
The operating point of the heart
15. Left to right shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Black > white > asian
Transfusion
Kids
Yes
16. In a lateral wall infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Wegener's
LCX - I - aVL
17. immune mediated transmural vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis - small and medium vessels - renal and viscera - not pulm arteries - hep B seropos in 30% of pts
Polyarteritis nodosum
Activated histiocytes
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Angiosarcoma
18. What cardiac change occurs in pregnancy?
Increased SV
Takayasu's arteritis
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
19. What does the atria release in response to inc blood volume and atrial pressure
Inc Kf - capillary perm
ANP
Preload
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
20. In terms of starling forces - why does heart failure cause edema?
Increase in Pc
MAP
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
21. EDV is also known as
Polyarteritis nodosum
MI
Turners
Preload
22. If HR is too fast (V tach) what happens during diastole?
Activated histiocytes
V fib arrhythima
Fluid movement through capillaries
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
23. What are aschoff bodies
Granuloma with giant cells
Viridans streptococci
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
24. When do you see extensive coagulative necrosis in an MI
Atherosclerosis
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
LAD - V1- V2
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
25. What does TAPVR stand for
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Persistant truncus arteriosus
26. What causes the cushing reflex and why
Boot shaped heart
The first 4 days
In RA return (inspiration)
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
27. SV CAP means?
C - ANCA
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
28. How do beta blockers decrease contractility?
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Decrease in cAMP
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Lymphangiosarcoma
29. most common primary cardiac tumor in adults - ball - valve obstruction in left atrium
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Mitral valve prolapse
Myxoma
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
30. What is the most common cause of right heart failure
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
SA and AV nodes
Left heart failure
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
31. CO x Total peripheral resistance
Mitral valve
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Mean arterial pressure
32. Central chemoreceptors do not respond directly to which parameter?
Holosystoiic
S. aureus
P02
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
33. The cause of cardiac dilation?
Greater ventricular EDV
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Myxoma
34. What does FEVERSS stand for in rheumatic heart disease
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
35. How are cadiac myocytes eltrically coupled?
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Gap junctions
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Decreased
36. cavernous lymphangioma of the neck - associated with turner's
The plateau period
Cystic hygroma
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
V fib
37. which medications are used to maintain patency or close the ductus arteriosus?
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Volatage gated Ca channels
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Wegener's
38. The carotid sinus transmits along which nerve?
Early deaths from myocarditis
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
MI
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
39. What are the different etiologies of dialted cardiomyopathy
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Fast volatge gated Na channels
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
40. Which enzyme rises after 4 hours and is elevated for 7 to 10 days after an MI?
Boot shaped heart
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Troponin I
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
41. What causes hepatomegaly?
Increase contractility
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
42. congenital heart defect withdown syndrome
Polyarteritis nodosum
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
43. What is the difference between adult and infantile type aortic coarctation?
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
V fib
44. In an anteroseptal infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
LAD - V1- V2
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Glomus tumor
45. When during cardiac nodal cells depolarize?
During diastole
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
46. Wegener's tx
Coarcation of aorta
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
47. What other syndrom is associated with infantile aortic coarctation
LAD
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Turners
48. absecnce of tricuspid valve - hypoplastic RV
Left atrial pressure
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
49. What happens with a decrease of extracellular Na
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
CO
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
50. MAP is also known as
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
C - ANCA
Buerger's disease
Unstable/crescendo angina