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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. SV CAP means?
Isovolumetric contraction
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Rhabdomyomas
P02
2. What is the characteristic pulse in aortic stenosis?
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
CK- MB
Systolic dysfunction
Troponin I
3. Wegener's presentation
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
LAD - V1- V2
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
4. When does extracellular calcium enter the cardiac muscle cells during contraction?
Atherosclerosis
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Aortic insuffic - late
The plateau period
5. Churg Strauss - presentation and test
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Left sided
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
RV failure - in venous pressure
6. In an inferior wall infarct - which artery is affected and which leads show Q waves
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
MAP
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
RCA - II - III - aVF
7. skin rash on buttocks and legs - arthralgia - intestinal hemorrhage - abdominal pain - melena. Follows URI - IgA immune complex - most common childhood systemic vasculitis
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
S. epidermidis
QRS complex
8. On the cardiac cycle graph - on which corners do the opening and closing of the aortic and mitral valves occur?
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Holosystoiic
9. What do the carotid and aortic bodies respond to?
ANP
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Resting potential high K perm
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
10. Why is contractility decreased in heart failure?
Dilated cardiomyopathy
In HF
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Systolic dysfunction
11. What is the danger of torsades to pointes?
Mitral valve prolapse
Buerger's disease
Can progess to V fib
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
12. benign cap hemangioma of infancy - spont regresses
Viridans streptococci
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
Strawberry hemangioma
The plateau period
13. Given P = QR - what factors influence resistance?
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Atrial contraction
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
14. What is indicated when CO and venous return are equal?
SA and AV nodes
The operating point of the heart
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
15. tearing chest pain radiation to the back - associated with marfan
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
RV failure - in venous pressure
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
16. What is a normal EF
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
At least 55%
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
17. cavernous lymphangioma of the neck - associated with turner's
Cystic hygroma
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Gap junctions
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
18. with what heart sounds do ASD usually present?
LCX - V4- V6
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Fast volatge gated Na channels
19. What is the cushing triad?
LCX - V4- V6
TAPVR
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
20. Irregularly irregular ECG - no p waves: dx and treatment
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Torsades de pointes
CHF
MI
21. When and why do you hear the S4 sound
Mitral valve prolapse
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
SV/ EDV
22. What causes the murmur heard in tricuspid regurg to enhance
V fib
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
In RA return (inspiration)
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
23. Which vessels account for the most total peripheral resistance
Systolic dysfunction
Coarcation of aorta
Arteriorles
CHF
24. delta wave on ECG - accesory conduction pathway from atria to ventricles - reentry leading to supraventricular tachycardia
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
25. Which bacteria causes endocarditis in the presence of colon cancer
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
S. bovis
CO
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
26. What is associated with paradoxical spliting of S2
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
S. epidermidis
RV failure - in venous pressure
Stable angina
27. What is the formula for EF?
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Granuloma with giant cells
SV/ EDV
28. What is the difference between adult and infantile type aortic coarctation?
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Left sided
29. congenital heart defect with congenital rubella
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Hemorrhage
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
S. aureus
30. What does hypoxia cause in the lung versus other tissues?
Stable angina
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
RCA
Pulse pressure
31. What is the S2 sound?
Dressler's - autoimmune
Temporal arteritis
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
32. What does the LAD supply?
LAD > RCA > circumflex
1st degree AV blodck
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Holosystoiic
33. dyspnea - fatigue - edema and rales - multiple causes
Early deaths from myocarditis
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
CHF
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
34. Which artery supplies the inferior portion of the left ventricle and posterior septum?
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Decreased
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
35. What are common causes of mitral regurg?
Babies
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Pulse pressure
36. In an anterior wall infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
QRS complex
Rhabdomyomas
Atherosclerosis
LAD - V1 - V4
37. What can cause mitral prolapse?
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Adult type aortic coarctation
38. bening capillary hemangioma of elderly - does not regress
Buerger's disease
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Cherry hemangioma
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
39. Does blood flow across the actual ASD account for abnormal heart sounds? What is the reason?
Resting potential high K perm
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
No - no pressure gradient
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
40. Rank the pacemakers cells
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
During diastole
41. systolic - diastolic
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Pulse pressure
42. How do beta blockers decrease contractility?
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Decrease in cAMP
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
43. Which valve is commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis from IV drug use and Which bacteria are most common?
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44. In an EKG - What is the QT interval?
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
MAP
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Arteriorles
45. Hyperplastic onion skinning
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Angiosarcoma
Vasocxn
Prinzmetal angina
46. What causes ankle - sacral edema - jugular venous distention
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
RV failure - in venous pressure
Decreases
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
47. Which murmur is heard with mitral prolapse?
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
48. friction rub - 3-5 days post MI
Greater ventricular EDV
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Atherosclerosis
49. sawtooth wave
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50. What other syndrom is associated with infantile aortic coarctation
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Turners
Viridans streptococci
Inc Kf - capillary perm