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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Which enzymes are useful for diagnosing reinfarction
Angiosarcoma
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Atrial contraction
CK- MB
2. Which murmur is heard with mitral prolapse?
Decrease in cAMP
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
During diastole
3. no relation between p waves and QRS intervals - treatment and predisposing factor
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
ANP
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
During diastole
4. which medications are used to maintain patency or close the ductus arteriosus?
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Dec plasma proteins
Cherry hemangioma
Rhabdomyomas
5. What is the association with wide S2 splitting?
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Can progess to V fib
Left atrial pressure
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
6. systolic - diastolic
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
LAD
Pulse pressure
7. port wine stains on face - intracerebral AVM - siezures - early onset glaucoma - congenital
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
Boot shaped heart
Ventricles are depolarized
8. What is sudden cardiac death most commonly due to...
...
V fib arrhythima
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
9. Does eccentric hypertrophy or concentric hypertrophy cause systolic disfunction
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
RCA - II - III - aVF
S. epidermidis
10. When do coronary arteries fill?
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
During diastole
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
11. What other congenital abnormality is necessary for life for a patient with transposition of the great vesses?
Volatage gated Ca channels
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
At least 55%
12. What does the U wave indicated?
Vasocxn
HypoK and bradycardia
Stable angina
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
13. When is the scar completely formed in an MI?
7 weeks
Glomus tumor
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Increase contractility
14. What happens in phase 4 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
Resting potential high K perm
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Angiosarcoma
15. How are sarcomeres added in concentric hypertrophy?
SV/ EDV
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Kawasaki
In parallel
16. What does the starling curve show?
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Changes in CO as a function of preload
Greater ventricular EDV
17. What is indicated when CO and venous return are equal?
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
The operating point of the heart
Ventricular repolarization
18. What is the cushing triad?
1st degree AV blodck
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
19. what conditions are associated with pulsus paradoxus
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
V fib
Changes in CO as a function of preload
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
20. most common heart tumor
Troponin I
CK- MB
No - no pressure gradient
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
21. Which organ has ht highest blood flow per gram of tissue
Kidney
Glomus tumor
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
22. What constitues the upstroke in pacemaker cells?
Mean arterial pressure
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Volatage gated Ca channels
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
23. list the coronary vessels most likely to be occluded
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
24. sudden death in young atheletes - S4 - apical impulses - outflow obstruction
Gap junctions
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
25. Central chemoreceptors do not respond directly to which parameter?
Fick principle
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
P02
26. In the cardiac cycle - which period has the highest 02 consumption?
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
1st degree AV blodck
Early deaths from myocarditis
Isovolumetric contraction
27. congenital heart defect withdown syndrome
Infective endocarditis
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Torsades de pointes
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
28. highly lethal malignancy of the liver - associated with vinyl chloride - arsenic - and thorosrast exposure
Systolic dysfunction
Mitral valve prolapse
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Angiosarcoma
29. What causes the cushing reflex and why
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Eisenmenger's syndrome
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
30. Which class of drugs decrease the murmur heard in aortic regurg?
No - no pressure gradient
Can progess to V fib
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Vasodilators
31. When does extracellular calcium enter the cardiac muscle cells during contraction?
The plateau period
RCA
Left atrial pressure
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
32. What is the definition of HTN?
C - ANCA
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
140/90
33. coronary artery spasm - ST elevation
10%
Prinzmetal angina
Decreased
Coarcation of aorta
34. Unilateral headache - jaw claudication - impaired vision
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
35. When do you find hemosiderin laden macrophages in the lungs?
1st degree AV blodck
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
V fib
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
36. In a lateral wall infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
Temporal arteritis
ANP
LCX - I - aVL
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
37. Fatal arrhythmia
Transmural
V fib
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Fast volatge gated Na channels
38. dyspnea - fatigue - edema and rales - multiple causes
Kids
CHF
CO
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
39. Exercise - overtransfusiion and excitiment causes and increase in...?
Rhabdomyomas
Coarcation of aorta
Preload
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
40. What cardiac change occurs in pregnancy?
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Can progess to V fib
Increased SV
Kawasaki
41. What do the carotid and aortic bodies respond to?
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Mitral valve
EKG
42. How do catecholamines increase contractility?
EKG
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
43. How are the sarcomeres added in eccentric hypertrophy?
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
...
Adult type aortic coarctation
In series
44. In an EKG - What is the p wave?
CHF
Atrial contraction
Truncus - tet of fallot
MI
45. What happens in phase 0 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Left sided
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
46. with what heart sounds do ASD usually present?
TAPVR
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Stroke volume
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
47. The cause of pulmonary edema - paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Decreased
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Changes in CO as a function of preload
48. Which bacteria causes endocarditis in the presence of colon cancer
Vasodilators
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
HypoK and bradycardia
S. bovis
49. What causes orthopnea?
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
50. Which kind of infarct show ST elevation - and/or pathologic Q waves
Dilated cardiomyopathy
LAD - V1 - V4
Decrease in cAMP
Transmural