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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Do you see elevaged ASO titers in rheumatic heart disease
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Yes
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
2. MAP is also known as
Troponin I
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
P02
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
3. Which kind of infarct show ST elevation - and/or pathologic Q waves
Infective endocarditis
Transmural
Preload
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
4. What does mitral prolapse predeispose to?
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
P02
Preload
Infective endocarditis
5. What do the starling forces determine
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Fluid movement through capillaries
In series
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
6. Central chemoreceptors do not respond directly to which parameter?
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
P02
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
7. bacterial endocarditis - previously normal valves - rapid onset - Which bacteria?
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
S. aureus
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
8. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the right?
7 weeks
Transfusion
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
Inc blood volume
9. How does aldosterone raise MAP
Inc blood volume
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Gap junctions
10. What does T wave inversion indicated?
MI
MAP
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Buerger's disease
11. What is associated with paradoxical spliting of S2
Hyperlipidemia
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
12. In an EKG - What is the T wave?
S. aureus
Ventricular repolarization
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
13. most common primary cardiac tumor in children - associated with tuberous sclerosis
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
LAD
Rhabdomyomas
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
14. On the cardiac cycle graph - on which corners do the opening and closing of the aortic and mitral valves occur?
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Adult type aortic coarctation
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Temporal arteritis
15. What happens in phase 0 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
SA and AV nodes
16. What does the atria release in response to inc blood volume and atrial pressure
ANP
V fib
Wegener's
S. epidermidis
17. What does increasing intracellular Ca do?
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
S. bovis
Increase contractility
18. What is the association with wide S2 splitting?
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Volatage gated Ca channels
Lymphangiosarcoma
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
19. What is the progression of atherosclerosis?
Stroke volume
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
Kidney
20. What is the S2 sound?
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Transfusion
21. What masks atrial repolarization?
QRS complex
Kidney
LAD - V1 - V4
CK- MB
22. congenital heart defect in an infant with a diabetic mother?
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
No - no pressure gradient
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
Transposition of great vessels
23. When do you see extensive coagulative necrosis in an MI
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
No
Stable angina
24. What is the early and late lesion in rheumatic heart disease
Atherosclerosis
Stable angina
Mitral valve prolapse
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
25. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by Ach or adenosine?
Resting potential high K perm
Decreases
Takayasu's arteritis
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
26. Which area of the endocardium is especially vulnerable to infarction? Why?
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
QRS complex
In series
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
27. benign capillary skin papules in AIDS patients mistaken for kaposi sarcoma - caused by bartonella henselae
...
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
28. Which murmur is heard in aortic stenosis?
Prinzmetal angina
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
29. What causes aortic stenosis
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
30. What does FROM JANE stand for in bacterial endocarditis?
31. necrotizing granulomas in lung and upper airways - nectrotizing GN - small vessel vasculitis
32. What does FEVERSS stand for in rheumatic heart disease
1st degree AV blodck
Early deaths from myocarditis
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Pulse pressure
33. Rank the pacemakers cells
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
The plateau period
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
34. What does FAN MY SKIN On Wednesday stand for?
In RA return (inspiration)
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Increased SV
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
35. What causes the murmur heard in tricuspid regurg to enhance
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Glomus tumor
In RA return (inspiration)
EKG
36. What causes the ejection click in the Cres - decres murmur?
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Mean arterial pressure
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
37. In an anterior wall infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
LAD - V1 - V4
CO
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
38. Wegener's presentation
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Ventricular repolarization
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
39. What happens in phase 3 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
RF
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
40. Left to right shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
Kids
41. failure of truncus arteriosus to divide?
Atrial contraction
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Cherry hemangioma
42. How do catecholamines increase contractility?
Buerger's disease
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
43. What is the gold standard for dx of MI in the first 6 hours
Torsades de pointes
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
EKG
44. sudden death in young atheletes - S4 - apical impulses - outflow obstruction
Dec plasma proteins
Vasodilators
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
45. congenital heart defect with 22q11
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Truncus - tet of fallot
46. How does angiotensin II raise MAP
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
Vasocxn
Vasodilators
Subendocardial
47. What do the carotid and aortic bodies respond to?
RV failure - in venous pressure
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Infective endocarditis
48. Does blood flow across the actual ASD account for abnormal heart sounds? What is the reason?
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
No - no pressure gradient
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
HypoK and bradycardia
49. Which murmur do you hear in mitral stenosis?
Dilation
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
S. bovis
Dressler's - autoimmune
50. What causes tet of fallot?
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Cystic hygroma