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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. immune mediated transmural vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis - small and medium vessels - renal and viscera - not pulm arteries - hep B seropos in 30% of pts
Vasodilators
Polyarteritis nodosum
Yes
If sodium channel
2. Do dihydropyridine or non - dihyrdropyridine Ca channel blockers decrease contractility
MAP
Non
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Liver
3. What can cause mitral prolapse?
Ventricular repolarization
Resting potential high K perm
Mean arterial pressure
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
4. benign - painful - red - blue tumor under fingernails from smooth muscle cells
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Glomus tumor
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
RCA - II - III - aVF
5. diaphoresis - N/V - severe retrosternal pain - pain in left arm/jaw - SOB - fatigue - adrenergic symptoms
MI
Unstable/crescendo angina
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
6. What is the S2 sound?
Aortic and pulmonary closing
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
7. What other sign is often present with congenital long QT syndrome - why?
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Preload
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
Polyarteritis nodosum
8. in the JVP - What is the a wave?
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Atrial contraction
PDA
9. What happens with a decrease of extracellular Na
The operating point of the heart
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Temporal arteritis
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
10. Which murmur is heard with VSD?
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
LAD - V1 - V4
Vagus to medulla
Coarcation of aorta
11. On the cardiac cycle graph - on which corners do the opening and closing of the aortic and mitral valves occur?
The first 4 days
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Glomus tumor
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
12. How does acidosis affect contractility?
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Ventricular repolarization
Stable angina
Decreased
13. bacterial endocarditis - previously normal valves - rapid onset - Which bacteria?
Left sided
S. aureus
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
14. stroke volume x HR =?
HypoK and bradycardia
CO
V fib
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
15. The cause of pulmonary edema - paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
LAD - V1 - V4
In HF
Mean arterial pressure
16. What is the most common cause of right heart failure
Arteriorles
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Buerger's disease
Left heart failure
17. Which bacteria causes rheumatic heart disease
Group a beta hemolytic strep
EKG
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
18. CO x Total peripheral resistance
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Left sided
Increased SV
Mean arterial pressure
19. Which class of drugs decrease the murmur heard in aortic regurg?
Vasodilators
10%
C - ANCA
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
20. prolonged PR interval
Systolic dysfunction
1st degree AV blodck
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
HypoK and bradycardia
21. Which bacteria can cause endocarditis from prosthetic valves?
Babies
S. epidermidis
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
HypoK and bradycardia
22. What masks atrial repolarization?
Kaposi's sarcoma
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
QRS complex
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
23. The 7 complications of MI
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24. Which two mechanisms sense decrease MAP?
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Dilation
Mean arterial pressure
25. Which murmur is heard in aortic stenosis?
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
LAD > RCA > circumflex
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Inc Kf - capillary perm
26. In an inferior wall infarct - which artery is affected and which leads show Q waves
Hyperlipidemia
Mitral valve prolapse
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
RCA - II - III - aVF
27. highly lethal malignancy of the liver - associated with vinyl chloride - arsenic - and thorosrast exposure
Angiosarcoma
Granuloma with giant cells
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Viridans streptococci
28. friction rub - 3-5 days post MI
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Hyperlipidemia
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
29. Right to left shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Babies
MI
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
30. What does FROM JANE stand for in bacterial endocarditis?
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31. EDV - ESV
Coarcation of aorta
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Decrease in cAMP
Stroke volume
32. What does the U wave indicated?
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
HypoK and bradycardia
Black > white > asian
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
33. What are the different etiologies of dialted cardiomyopathy
If sodium channel
ANP
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
In parallel
34. What is association with fixed S2 splitting - does not increase with inspiration
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
ASD
Subendocardial
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
35. congenital heart defect with congenital rubella
Granuloma with giant cells
...
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
36. What is the result of not have fast sodium channels in pacemaker cells?
Dilation
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
37. In a lateral wall infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
Fast volatge gated Na channels
LCX - I - aVL
Stroke volume
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
38. Expiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Left sided
Fick principle
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
39. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the right?
EKG
Wegener's
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
Transfusion
40. The cause of cardiac dilation?
Greater ventricular EDV
Gap junctions
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
LCX - V4- V6
41. In an EKG - What is the T wave?
Glomus tumor
Adult type aortic coarctation
Ventricular repolarization
Holosystoiic
42. Churg Strauss - presentation and test
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Decreases
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
43. Which vessels account for the most total peripheral resistance
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
Arteriorles
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
44. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by Ach or adenosine?
Hematocrit
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Decreases
S. aureus
45. no relation between p waves and QRS intervals - treatment and predisposing factor
At least 55%
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
46. disruption of the vasa vasorum of aorta - dilation of aorta and valve ring - tree bark appearance (calcifications on aortic root)
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Aortic and pulmonary closing
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
47. When and why do you hear the S4 sound
Cardiac tamponde
Vasodilators
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
48. PROVe
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Viridans streptococci
49. In an EKG - What is the QRS complex?
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
RV failure - in venous pressure
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
RCA
50. Which enzymes are useful for diagnosing reinfarction
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
CK- MB
1st degree AV blodck
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid