Cardiology

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What happens with a decrease of extracellular Na
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia


2. Most common vasculitis affecting medium and large arteries
Temporal arteritis
Vasocxn
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Dec plasma proteins


3. Which valve is commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis from IV drug use and Which bacteria are most common?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


4. congenital heart defect with 22q11
Truncus - tet of fallot
Transposition of great vessels
...
Infective endocarditis


5. What are the different etiologies of dialted cardiomyopathy
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Prinzmetal angina
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
Rhabdomyomas


6. What happens in phase 2 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Ventricles are depolarized
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most


7. EDV - ESV
Stroke volume
Stable angina
The first 4 days
CHF


8. What is the characteristic pulse in aortic stenosis?
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope


9. Endothelial malignancy of the skin assocated with HHV-8 and HIV

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


10. necrotizing granulomas in lung and upper airways - nectrotizing GN - small vessel vasculitis

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


11. PROVe
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Temporal arteritis
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Troponin I


12. Which murmur is characteristic of mitral/tricuspid regurg?
Stable angina
Holosystoiic
In series
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn


13. The 7 complications of MI

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


14. What happends in phase 1 of the ventricular cardiac action potential?
Unstable/crescendo angina
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open


15. What is association with fixed S2 splitting - does not increase with inspiration
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
ASD
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa


16. congenital heart defect with turner's
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Coarcation of aorta
Raynaud's
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles


17. In an EKG - What is the T wave?
Preload
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
Ventricular repolarization
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis


18. clinical signs of cardiac tamponade
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
Glomus tumor
Non
Pos inotropy - exercise


19. What are tendinous xanthoma - atheromas - and corneal arcus signs of?
Systolic dysfunction
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Hyperlipidemia


20. in the JVP - What is the v wave?
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)


21. On the cardiac cycle graph - on which corners do the opening and closing of the aortic and mitral valves occur?
SV/ EDV
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy


22. How do beta blockers decrease contractility?
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Decrease in cAMP
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Unstable/crescendo angina


23. How does aldosterone raise MAP
Viridans streptococci
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Inc blood volume


24. What can cause mitral prolapse?
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Increase in Pc
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec


25. bening capillary hemangioma of elderly - does not regress
Cherry hemangioma
Takayasu's arteritis
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Buerger's disease


26. The carotid sinus transmits along which nerve?
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Can progess to V fib
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Truncus - tet of fallot


27. segmental thrombosing vasculitis of small and medium vessels in smokers with intermittent claudication - superficial nodular phlebitis - raynaud's - gangrene and severe pain - autoamputation of digits is possible

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


28. Which artery supplies the inferior portion of the left ventricle and posterior septum?
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Fluid movement through capillaries
Angiosarcoma


29. congenital heart defect with congenital rubella
Inc blood volume
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis


30. most common heart tumor
In parallel
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease


31. When does EF decrease
CK- MB
In HF
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral


32. S3 - dilated heart on US - balloon appearance on CXR - eccentric hypertrophy
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
Dilated cardiomyopathy


33. In a lateral wall infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
LCX - I - aVL


34. What does hypoxia cause in the lung versus other tissues?
Increased SV
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Decreased


35. moncekberg
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities


36. What is the classic X ray finding for tet of fallot?
Boot shaped heart
Greater ventricular EDV
Atherosclerosis
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec


37. Wegener's presentation
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Pos inotropy - exercise


38. machine murmer
Preload
Gap junctions
PDA
Black > white > asian


39. benign capillary skin papules in AIDS patients mistaken for kaposi sarcoma - caused by bartonella henselae
Mitral stenosis
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
...
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression


40. What is sudden cardiac death most commonly due to...
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
LCX - I - aVL
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
V fib arrhythima


41. What causes the midsystolic click
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
S. epidermidis
Holosystoiic
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis


42. What do patients die early from in rheumatic heart disease?
LAD - V1- V2
No - no pressure gradient
Liver
Early deaths from myocarditis


43. Do you see elevaged ASO titers in rheumatic heart disease
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Transmural
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Yes


44. What are the four most common locations for atherosclerosis?
Cardiac tamponde
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa


45. What are common causes of mitral regurg?
CK- MB
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation


46. Rank the following by speed of conduction - av node - atria - purkinjee - ventricles
Kawasaki
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis


47. Which vessels account for the most total peripheral resistance
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Coarcation of aorta
Arteriorles
CK- MB


48. What is the danger of torsades to pointes?
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Activated histiocytes
Can progess to V fib
Hematocrit


49. Which channel accounts for automaticity of the SA and AV nodes?
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Dilated cardiomyopathy
If sodium channel
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)


50. Right to left shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
S. aureus
Babies