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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In what disease states is blood viscosity increased?
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
In parallel
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
2. What does the LAD supply?
RCA - II - III - aVF
Stable angina
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
CK- MB
3. What causes the midsystolic click
Atrial contraction
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Mitral stenosis
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
4. stroke volume x HR =?
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
CO
Buerger's disease
In RA return (inspiration)
5. What are common causes of mitral regurg?
ANP
Truncus - tet of fallot
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Turners
6. In an acute MI - are there any visible changes via LM in the first 2-4 hours
Kids
Stable angina
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
No
7. friction rub - 3-5 days post MI
Prinzmetal angina
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
8. What does FROM JANE stand for in bacterial endocarditis?
9. What is the gold standard for dx of MI in the first 6 hours
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
MI
EKG
10. congenital heart defect in an infant with a diabetic mother?
Decrease in cAMP
Transposition of great vessels
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Dilation
11. In terms of starling forces - why does heart failure cause edema?
Left atrial pressure
Increased SV
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Increase in Pc
12. congenital heart defect withdown syndrome
TAPVR
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Pulse pressure
SV/ EDV
13. How does aldosterone raise MAP
Inc blood volume
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Preload
14. What causes aortic stenosis
Vasodilators
In HF
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
15. skin rash on buttocks and legs - arthralgia - intestinal hemorrhage - abdominal pain - melena. Follows URI - IgA immune complex - most common childhood systemic vasculitis
Mean arterial pressure
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
16. What are aschoff bodies
Granuloma with giant cells
Dec plasma proteins
Temporal arteritis
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
17. Right to left shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Babies
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Hematocrit
18. What kind of infarct show ST depression
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Subendocardial
Left sided
Polyarteritis nodosum
19. What kind of dysfunction ensues in restrictive cardiomyopathy
Cystic hygroma
Transfusion
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Diastolic
20. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the left?
Cystic hygroma
Hemorrhage
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Vagus to medulla
21. What do the carotid and aortic bodies respond to?
Systolic dysfunction
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Activated histiocytes
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
22. in the JVP - What is the a wave?
Transmural
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Atrial contraction
C - ANCA
23. most common primary cardiac tumor in children - associated with tuberous sclerosis
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Black > white > asian
Rhabdomyomas
24. absecnce of tricuspid valve - hypoplastic RV
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Holosystoiic
25. If HR is too fast (V tach) what happens during diastole?
Kawasaki
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
In RA return (inspiration)
26. What does FAN MY SKIN On Wednesday stand for?
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Mean arterial pressure
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
27. What does mitral prolapse predeispose to?
Cystic hygroma
Transfusion
Infective endocarditis
...
28. What does the atria release in response to inc blood volume and atrial pressure
The operating point of the heart
S. bovis
ANP
Mean arterial pressure
29. Given P = QR - what factors influence resistance?
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
30. Endothelial malignancy of the skin assocated with HHV-8 and HIV
31. Which organ has ht highest blood flow per gram of tissue
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Kidney
Isovolumetric contraction
Atrial contraction
32. What does autoregulation do?
Hematocrit
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
Inc Kf - capillary perm
33. in the JVP - What is the c wave?
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
34. What is the danger of torsades to pointes?
Can progess to V fib
Preload
LAD - V1 - V4
Dec plasma proteins
35. Which channel accounts for automaticity of the SA and AV nodes?
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
If sodium channel
Hematocrit
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
36. Which bacteria causes endocarditis in the presence of colon cancer
S. bovis
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Babies
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
37. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by catecholamines and
Prinzmetal angina
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
38. In terms of starling forces - why does nephrotic syndrome or liver failure cause edems
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Mean arterial pressure
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Dec plasma proteins
39. congenital heart defect with marfan's
Aortic insuffic - late
The operating point of the heart
Dressler's - autoimmune
Ventricular repolarization
40. What are the systolic heart sounds
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Libman - sacks endocarditis
41. Does eccentric hypertrophy or concentric hypertrophy cause systolic disfunction
Early deaths from myocarditis
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Decrease in cAMP
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
42. segmental thrombosing vasculitis of small and medium vessels in smokers with intermittent claudication - superficial nodular phlebitis - raynaud's - gangrene and severe pain - autoamputation of digits is possible
43. list the coronary vessels most likely to be occluded
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
RF
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
44. most common heart tumor
CHF
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Adult type aortic coarctation
Black > white > asian
45. dyspnea - fatigue - edema and rales - multiple causes
CHF
Atrial contraction
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
46. congenital heart defect with 22q11
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Truncus - tet of fallot
Arteriorles
47. What is the difference between adult and infantile type aortic coarctation?
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Cherry hemangioma
Dressler's - autoimmune
Isovolumetric contraction
48. Which murmur do you hear in mitral stenosis?
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
CK- MB
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
CO
49. Which organ gets the largest share of systemic cardiac output
Liver
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Coarcation of aorta
RV failure - in venous pressure
50. Equilibration of diastolic pressures in all 4 chambers - decreased CO from compression of heart by fluid in pericardium
Torsades de pointes
Lymphangiosarcoma
Cardiac tamponde
LAD > RCA > circumflex