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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Given P = QR - what factors influence resistance?
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Polyarteritis nodosum
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
2. Which murmur is heard in aortic stenosis?
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
Libman - sacks endocarditis
3. which heart valves are afected most in rheumatic heart diseease
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Aortic insuffic - late
4. What is the S2 sound?
Transfusion
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
10%
5. which ethnic groups have higher association with HTN?
Fick principle
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Black > white > asian
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
6. stroke volume x HR =?
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
CO
7. Which enzyme rises after 4 hours and is elevated for 7 to 10 days after an MI?
Increase in Pc
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Troponin I
8. Which organ has the largest arteriovenous difference
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
9. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by Ach or adenosine?
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Decreases
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
10. What are the 5 T's of cyanoitc babies
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Cystic hygroma
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Kids
11. benign cap hemangioma of infancy - spont regresses
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Strawberry hemangioma
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Cherry hemangioma
12. What supplies the posterior left ventricle?
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Isovolumetric contraction
LAD - V1- V2
CFX
13. retrosternal chest main with exertion - ST depression on ECG - likely due atherosclerosis
Liver
Stable angina
PDA
C - ANCA
14. When and why do you hear the S4 sound
Yes
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
15. The aortic arch receptors transmit along which nerve?
Atrial contraction
Vagus to medulla
Aortic insuffic - late
CO
16. Which kind of infarct show ST elevation - and/or pathologic Q waves
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
HypoK and bradycardia
Transmural
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
17. Exercise - overtransfusiion and excitiment causes and increase in...?
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
V fib
S. aureus
Preload
18. Equilibration of diastolic pressures in all 4 chambers - decreased CO from compression of heart by fluid in pericardium
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Cardiac tamponde
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
Can progess to V fib
19. In an EKG - What is the T wave?
Ventricular repolarization
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
V fib
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
20. What does an isoelectric ST segment indicate?
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Kaposi's sarcoma
Ventricles are depolarized
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
21. Which sympathetic receptors raise MAP
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
CK- MB
22. most common primary cardiac tumor in adults - ball - valve obstruction in left atrium
Myxoma
CK- MB
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
23. Which artery supplies the SA and AV nodes?
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
P02
RCA
24. What causes aortic regurg
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Kawasaki
In HF
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
25. Which murmur is heard with mitral prolapse?
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Kids
Left atrial pressure
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
26. Wegener's tx
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
Infective endocarditis
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
27. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by catecholamines and
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Right sided
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
28. In the cardiac cycle - which period has the highest 02 consumption?
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Atherosclerosis
Buerger's disease
Isovolumetric contraction
29. acute - self limiting necrotizing vasculitis in children associated with fever - conjunctivitis - strawberry tongue - desquamatous skin rash - lymphadenitis - coronary sinus aneurysms. Seen in asians
1st degree AV blodck
Black > white > asian
Kawasaki
Ventricles are depolarized
30. What is indicated when CO and venous return are equal?
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
The operating point of the heart
SA and AV nodes
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
31. Irregularly irregular ECG - no p waves: dx and treatment
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
V fib
Adult type aortic coarctation
32. Churg Strauss - presentation and test
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
RCA
Dressler's - autoimmune
33. Unilateral headache - jaw claudication - impaired vision
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Troponin I
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
34. What is the progression of atherosclerosis?
In HF
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
35. congenital heart defect with turner's
Coarcation of aorta
Right sided
Isovolumetric contraction
Activated histiocytes
36. What is association with fixed S2 splitting - does not increase with inspiration
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
ASD
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
37. wartiike - sterile vegetations occur on both sides of the valve - commonly causes mitral regurg. SLE causes it
140/90
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Liver
Infective endocarditis
38. What is the early and late lesion in rheumatic heart disease
Hemorrhage
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
CO
Mitral valve prolapse
39. What does hypoxia cause in the lung versus other tissues?
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
40. Where are pacemaker cells?
SA and AV nodes
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
41. machine murmer
PDA
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
QRS complex
RV failure - in venous pressure
42. Endothelial malignancy of the skin assocated with HHV-8 and HIV
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43. If HR is too fast (V tach) what happens during diastole?
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Turners
44. prolonged PR interval
Mitral stenosis
Hyperlipidemia
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
1st degree AV blodck
45. What is the time frame for arrhythmia risk in the evolution of MI
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
The first 4 days
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
No
46. What are anitschkow's cells
Transmural
Activated histiocytes
If sodium channel
Fluid movement through capillaries
47. In terms of starling forces - why does heart failure cause edema?
Volatage gated Ca channels
Increase in Pc
Cardiac tamponde
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
48. Which organ has ht highest blood flow per gram of tissue
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Kidney
LAD
Lymphangiosarcoma
49. What is the cushing triad?
10%
Turners
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
50. which medications are used to maintain patency or close the ductus arteriosus?
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open