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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Which class of drugs decreases afterload?
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
HypoK and bradycardia
Transfusion
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
2. Does eccentric hypertrophy or concentric hypertrophy cause systolic disfunction
Atherosclerosis
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Preload
Decreases
3. How does a patient with Tet of fallot learn to improve symptoms?
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
Raynaud's
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
4. The cause of dyspnea on exertion?
Gap junctions
Changes in CO as a function of preload
Dressler's - autoimmune
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
5. which medications are used to maintain patency or close the ductus arteriosus?
MI
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Stroke volume
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
6. Chronic mitral stenosis can lead to what changes in size of the LA
Dilation
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Transmural
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
7. Mitral stenosis is most often secondary to which condition?
Troponin I
If sodium channel
Right sided
RF
8. What does mitral prolapse predeispose to?
Infective endocarditis
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Mitral stenosis
9. What causes the cushing reflex and why
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Granuloma with giant cells
Dressler's - autoimmune
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
10. tearing chest pain radiation to the back - associated with marfan
RCA
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Ventricular repolarization
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
11. Which murmur do you hear in mitral stenosis?
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Dilated cardiomyopathy
140/90
Left sided
12. What does prolonged QT predispose to?
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Torsades de pointes
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
13. Which class of drugs decrease preload
C - ANCA
Decreases
Arteriorles
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
14. What causes the early cyanosis in Tet of Fallot?
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Cystic hygroma
15. What causes ankle - sacral edema - jugular venous distention
During diastole
CO
Atrial contraction
RV failure - in venous pressure
16. smaller vegetations - congenitally abnormal or diseased valves - sequela of dental procedures. Insidious onset
Kaposi's sarcoma
Viridans streptococci
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
C - ANCA
17. Which artery supplies the SA and AV nodes?
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
RCA
LAD
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
18. What is the machine like murmur? What is the heart pathology and the predisposing causes
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Isovolumetric contraction
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
19. Which kind of infarct show ST elevation - and/or pathologic Q waves
ASD
Transmural
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
20. MAP is also known as
Ventricular repolarization
During diastole
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
21. What happens with a decrease of extracellular Na
In RA return (inspiration)
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
CFX
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
22. port wine stains on face - intracerebral AVM - siezures - early onset glaucoma - congenital
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
Atherosclerosis
LAD
10%
23. What is the S2 sound?
Wegener's
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Dressler's - autoimmune
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
24. Where are pacemaker cells?
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
SA and AV nodes
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
LCX - I - aVL
25. What is the difference between adult and infantile type aortic coarctation?
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Mitral stenosis
26. What is the time frame for arrhythmia risk in the evolution of MI
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
The first 4 days
Stable angina
Rhabdomyomas
27. diaphoresis - N/V - severe retrosternal pain - pain in left arm/jaw - SOB - fatigue - adrenergic symptoms
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
MI
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
28. What is the gold standard for dx of MI in the first 6 hours
EKG
Changes in CO as a function of preload
Group a beta hemolytic strep
LAD
29. In an anteroseptal infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
LAD - V1- V2
Strawberry hemangioma
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
30. In an anterior wall infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
LAD - V1 - V4
In HF
Inc blood volume
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
31. Wegener's presentation
Can progess to V fib
Truncus - tet of fallot
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Volatage gated Ca channels
32. What other sign is often present with congenital long QT syndrome - why?
Granuloma with giant cells
Buerger's disease
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Truncus - tet of fallot
33. Left to right shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
MAP
Kids
Greater ventricular EDV
34. EDV is also known as
Preload
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
35. The 7 complications of MI
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36. What masks atrial repolarization?
TAPVR
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Lymphangiosarcoma
QRS complex
37. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by catecholamines and
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Changes in CO as a function of preload
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
38. Which murmur is heard with VSD?
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
7 weeks
39. coronary artery spasm - ST elevation
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Kids
Prinzmetal angina
Vasocxn
40. What are the diastolic heart sounds?
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Strawberry hemangioma
Kidney
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
41. What causes hepatomegaly?
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Can progess to V fib
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
No
42. benign cap hemangioma of infancy - spont regresses
Torsades de pointes
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Vasodilators
Strawberry hemangioma
43. What is the result of not have fast sodium channels in pacemaker cells?
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
In HF
44. What is the characteristic pulse in aortic stenosis?
Atherosclerosis
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
45. What are aschoff bodies
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Granuloma with giant cells
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
46. Which organ gets the largest share of systemic cardiac output
Arteriorles
Strawberry hemangioma
Liver
RF
47. Rank the following by speed of conduction - av node - atria - purkinjee - ventricles
Isovolumetric contraction
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
48. In terms of starling forces - why does heart failure cause edema?
Increase in Pc
In parallel
Dilated cardiomyopathy
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
49. In an anterolateral infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
LCX - V4- V6
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Troponin I
Cherry hemangioma
50. In an acute MI - are there any visible changes via LM in the first 2-4 hours
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Pos inotropy - exercise
No
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla