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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Endothelial malignancy of the skin assocated with HHV-8 and HIV
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183
2. stroke volume x HR =?
CO
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
3. What causes the murmur heard in tricuspid regurg to enhance
S. epidermidis
Glomus tumor
7 weeks
In RA return (inspiration)
4. disease of elastic arteries and large and medium sized muscular arteries
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Atherosclerosis
RF
5. machine murmer
PDA
Dec plasma proteins
Isovolumetric contraction
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
6. cavernous lymphangioma of the neck - associated with turner's
During diastole
Cystic hygroma
In RA return (inspiration)
Left sided
7. The aortic arch receptors transmit along which nerve?
Raynaud's
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
No - no pressure gradient
Vagus to medulla
8. When is the scar completely formed in an MI?
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Stroke volume
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
7 weeks
9. What does prolonged QT predispose to?
Truncus - tet of fallot
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Torsades de pointes
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
10. In an EKG - What is the QT interval?
Buerger's disease
Viridans streptococci
Black > white > asian
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
11. congenital heart defect with 22q11
Greater ventricular EDV
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Truncus - tet of fallot
12. What does T wave inversion indicated?
Rhabdomyomas
MI
Resting potential high K perm
Prinzmetal angina
13. How do catecholamines increase contractility?
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
1st degree AV blodck
14. What is the most common cause of right heart failure
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
RV failure - in venous pressure
Left heart failure
15. What kind of dysfunction ensues in restrictive cardiomyopathy
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Diastolic
Vasocxn
HypoK and bradycardia
16. Expiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds
Left sided
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
17. What happens in phase 0 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Left sided
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
LCX - I - aVL
18. diaphoresis - N/V - severe retrosternal pain - pain in left arm/jaw - SOB - fatigue - adrenergic symptoms
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
MI
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
S. epidermidis
19. Why is there edema after burns or during infection
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Inc Kf - capillary perm
20. What does the U wave indicated?
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
HypoK and bradycardia
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
21. What stimulates release of calcium from the SR?
Transposition of great vessels
Decrease in cAMP
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
22. When do you see extensive coagulative necrosis in an MI
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
S. bovis
SA and AV nodes
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
23. What causes the murmur heard in MR to enhance?
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Hematocrit
Can progess to V fib
24. Which lab value indicates blood viscosity?
Stable angina
Raynaud's
Torsades de pointes
Hematocrit
25. What is association with fixed S2 splitting - does not increase with inspiration
Truncus - tet of fallot
In parallel
10%
ASD
26. What happens in phase 3 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Left atrial pressure
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
27. What causes aortic regurg
Coarcation of aorta
Decreased
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Buerger's disease
28. In an anterior wall infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
LAD - V1 - V4
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
PDA
S. epidermidis
29. In an EKG - What is the QRS complex?
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Torsades de pointes
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
LCX - I - aVL
30. What causes ankle - sacral edema - jugular venous distention
Arteriorles
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
RV failure - in venous pressure
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
31. What does hypoxia cause in the lung versus other tissues?
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Left sided
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
32. 2/3 diastolic + 1/3 systolic
MAP
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Ventricles are depolarized
1st degree AV blodck
33. What is the early and late lesion in rheumatic heart disease
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Mitral valve prolapse
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
34. In the evolution of an MI - when the risk for free wall rupture - tamponade - papillary muscle rupture - or interventricular septal rupture the hightest? Why?
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
RCA
35. What is the S1 sound?
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
S. epidermidis
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Mitral and tricuspid closure
36. What supplies the posterior left ventricle?
CFX
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Hemorrhage
37. in the JVP - What is the c wave?
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Transposition of great vessels
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
38. In what disease states is blood viscosity increased?
Cherry hemangioma
LCX - V4- V6
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
39. What is the time frame for arrhythmia risk in the evolution of MI
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
V fib arrhythima
MAP
The first 4 days
40. What does the atria release in response to inc blood volume and atrial pressure
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Resting potential high K perm
Preload
ANP
41. Which organ has the largest arteriovenous difference
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Granuloma with giant cells
RCA - II - III - aVF
S. bovis
42. thrombosis w/o necrosis - ST elevation - worsening chest pain at rest or with minimal exertion
CK- MB
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Atrial contraction
Unstable/crescendo angina
43. Which artery supplies the inferior portion of the left ventricle and posterior septum?
In HF
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
7 weeks
44. PCWP > LV diastolic pressure
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Mitral stenosis
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
45. benign cap hemangioma of infancy - spont regresses
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
Strawberry hemangioma
V fib arrhythima
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
46. what happens to capillaries in lymphatic blockage
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
During diastole
47. Left to right shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Kids
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
48. When does EF decrease
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
Glomus tumor
In HF
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
49. congenital heart defect in an infant with a diabetic mother?
Transposition of great vessels
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
During diastole
50. Churg Strauss - presentation and test
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Polyarteritis nodosum
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid