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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. benign cap hemangioma of infancy - spont regresses
Systolic dysfunction
Strawberry hemangioma
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
CFX
2. What kind of infarct show ST depression
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Subendocardial
Mitral valve
Mitral stenosis
3. What does T wave inversion indicated?
MI
Left atrial pressure
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
LAD > RCA > circumflex
4. PCWP is an estimate of...
Left atrial pressure
RCA
Babies
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
5. clinical signs of cardiac tamponade
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Can progess to V fib
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
6. In what disease states is blood viscosity increased?
EKG
Myxoma
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
7. congenital heart defect with 22q11
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
RF
Truncus - tet of fallot
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
8. What does FAN MY SKIN On Wednesday stand for?
Decreases
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
...
Kawasaki
9. polypoid capillary hemangioma that can ulcerate and bleed
TAPVR
10%
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
10. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by catecholamines and
Torsades de pointes
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Libman - sacks endocarditis
V fib arrhythima
11. Where does coronary artery occlusion occur most commonly?
LAD
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Left atrial pressure
Cystic hygroma
12. What are the complications of atherosclerosis?
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
13. When is the scar completely formed in an MI?
ANP
Mitral and tricuspid closure
7 weeks
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
14. Which artery supplies the inferior portion of the left ventricle and posterior septum?
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
15. What causes the early cyanosis in Tet of Fallot?
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
RCA - II - III - aVF
Mitral valve prolapse
If sodium channel
16. Which class of drugs decrease the murmur heard in aortic regurg?
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
Cherry hemangioma
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Vasodilators
17. Hyperplastic onion skinning
RV failure - in venous pressure
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Black > white > asian
18. When does EF decrease
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
In HF
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
19. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by Ach or adenosine?
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
Can progess to V fib
PDA
Decreases
20. What does the LAD supply?
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
21. in the JVP - What is the c wave?
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Persistant truncus arteriosus
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
22. dilated tortous veins due to chronically inc venous pressure - poor wound healing - varicose ulcers
Torsades de pointes
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Temporal arteritis
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
23. What other syndrom is associated with infantile aortic coarctation
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Gap junctions
Turners
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
24. Which channel accounts for automaticity of the SA and AV nodes?
Isovolumetric contraction
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
If sodium channel
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
25. no relation between p waves and QRS intervals - treatment and predisposing factor
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
LCX - V4- V6
Pos inotropy - exercise
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
26. In an EKG - What is the T wave?
Unstable/crescendo angina
Mitral valve prolapse
Ventricular repolarization
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
27. In an inferior wall infarct - which artery is affected and which leads show Q waves
RCA - II - III - aVF
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
28. What is the danger of torsades to pointes?
Strawberry hemangioma
Can progess to V fib
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
29. What is the S2 sound?
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Persistant truncus arteriosus
TAPVR
Babies
30. What 4 things drive myocardial 02 demand?
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
31. What is the progression of atherosclerosis?
During diastole
Cystic hygroma
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
32. Which murmur do you hear in mitral stenosis?
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
V fib
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
MI
33. In the cardiac cycle - which period has the highest 02 consumption?
Isovolumetric contraction
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Inc blood volume
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
34. What is the difference between adult and infantile type aortic coarctation?
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Left heart failure
RF
ASD
35. What happens in phase 0 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Atrial contraction
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
36. On the cardiac cycle graph - on which corners do the opening and closing of the aortic and mitral valves occur?
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Stable angina
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
37. The carotid sinus transmits along which nerve?
MAP
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
In series
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
38. necrotizing granulomas in lung and upper airways - nectrotizing GN - small vessel vasculitis
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39. In terms of starling forces - why does nephrotic syndrome or liver failure cause edems
Dec plasma proteins
Angiosarcoma
Increase contractility
Hematocrit
40. which ethnic groups have higher association with HTN?
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Wegener's
Black > white > asian
The plateau period
41. Which murmur is heard with mitral prolapse?
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
...
42. Given P = QR - what factors influence resistance?
Mitral valve prolapse
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
43. congenital heart defect withdown syndrome
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Increased SV
44. stroke volume x HR =?
ANP
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
CO
Yes
45. pulseless disease - granulomatous thickening of the aortic arch and/or proximal great vessels - elev ESR - asian females > 40
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46. Where are pacemaker cells?
EKG
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
SA and AV nodes
Aortic insuffic - late
47. In an anteroseptal infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
LAD - V1- V2
SA and AV nodes
Atrial contraction
48. What does FEVERSS stand for in rheumatic heart disease
Ventricles are depolarized
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
49. How does a patient with Tet of fallot learn to improve symptoms?
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Aortic insuffic - late
S. epidermidis
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
50. serum marker for wegener's
C - ANCA
Angiosarcoma
ANP
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection