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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. wartiike - sterile vegetations occur on both sides of the valve - commonly causes mitral regurg. SLE causes it
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Rhabdomyomas
2. port wine stains on face - intracerebral AVM - siezures - early onset glaucoma - congenital
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
Subendocardial
3. What constitues the upstroke in pacemaker cells?
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
LAD
Myxoma
Volatage gated Ca channels
4. Restrictive cardiomyopathy causes
...
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
5. sudden death in young atheletes - S4 - apical impulses - outflow obstruction
Left atrial pressure
The first 4 days
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Dilated cardiomyopathy
6. What does an isoelectric ST segment indicate?
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Subendocardial
Ventricles are depolarized
7. What kind of infarct show ST depression
Polyarteritis nodosum
Subendocardial
During diastole
LAD > RCA > circumflex
8. What cardiac change occurs in pregnancy?
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Increased SV
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Mitral valve
9. What causes hepatomegaly?
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Greater ventricular EDV
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
10. EDV - ESV
Stroke volume
Cherry hemangioma
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
S. aureus
11. What is the characteristic pulse in aortic stenosis?
Kawasaki
Torsades de pointes
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
12. What does HTN predispose to?
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Polyarteritis nodosum
13. If HR is too fast (V tach) what happens during diastole?
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
14. What is the difference between the fetal and neonatal direction of blood flow in a patent ductus arteriosus
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Atrial contraction
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
15. How does acidosis affect contractility?
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Buerger's disease
Troponin I
Decreased
16. tearing chest pain radiation to the back - associated with marfan
C - ANCA
Transfusion
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Hematocrit
17. What is the time frame for arrhythmia risk in the evolution of MI
CK- MB
Glomus tumor
The first 4 days
CO
18. What is the early and late lesion in rheumatic heart disease
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Mitral valve prolapse
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
19. In the evolution of an MI - when the risk for free wall rupture - tamponade - papillary muscle rupture - or interventricular septal rupture the hightest? Why?
The operating point of the heart
Mitral stenosis
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
20. In an EKG - What is the PR interval?
Decreased
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Myxoma
Arteriorles
21. In an inferior wall infarct - which artery is affected and which leads show Q waves
Aortic and pulmonary closing
RCA - II - III - aVF
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
LCX - I - aVL
22. The cause of cardiac dilation?
Systolic dysfunction
Greater ventricular EDV
Vasocxn
Infective endocarditis
23. Rank the following by speed of conduction - av node - atria - purkinjee - ventricles
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
C - ANCA
S. epidermidis
S. bovis
24. What are the complications of atherosclerosis?
EKG
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Buerger's disease
25. In the cardiac cycle - which period has the highest 02 consumption?
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
In HF
Isovolumetric contraction
26. Which organ has the largest arteriovenous difference
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Cystic hygroma
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
27. Which class of drugs decrease preload
Changes in CO as a function of preload
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Unstable/crescendo angina
28. coronary artery spasm - ST elevation
Prinzmetal angina
Takayasu's arteritis
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Kawasaki
29. SV CAP means?
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Buerger's disease
Atherosclerosis
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
30. congenital heart defect with 22q11
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
Cherry hemangioma
Truncus - tet of fallot
31. highly lethal malignancy of the liver - associated with vinyl chloride - arsenic - and thorosrast exposure
Eisenmenger's syndrome
Pulse pressure
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
Angiosarcoma
32. The 7 complications of MI
33. Where is the most posterior portion of the heart and What can it cause?
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Myxoma
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Aortic and pulmonary closing
34. What causes aortic stenosis
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
7 weeks
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
S. aureus
35. In an EKG - What is the T wave?
CFX
MI
Ventricular repolarization
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
36. In an EKG - What is the p wave?
Atrial contraction
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Yes
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
37. What does FEVERSS stand for in rheumatic heart disease
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Pulse pressure
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
38. Wegener's tx
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Holosystoiic
CFX
If sodium channel
39. The cause of dyspnea on exertion?
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
S. aureus
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
RCA
40. Right to left shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
RV failure - in venous pressure
Raynaud's
Babies
41. What happens in phase 4 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Resting potential high K perm
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Decreases
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
42. benign cap hemangioma of infancy - spont regresses
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Raynaud's
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Strawberry hemangioma
43. The aortic arch receptors transmit along which nerve?
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
Vagus to medulla
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
44. How does angiotensin II raise MAP
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Left heart failure
Cystic hygroma
Vasocxn
45. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the left?
Dilation
Hyperlipidemia
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Hemorrhage
46. What does hypoxia cause in the lung versus other tissues?
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Raynaud's
Decrease in cAMP
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
47. Which kind of infarct show ST elevation - and/or pathologic Q waves
Cardiac tamponde
Transmural
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
48. What other sign is often present with congenital long QT syndrome - why?
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
49. What is the progression of atherosclerosis?
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
50. Where are pacemaker cells?
Kaposi's sarcoma
SA and AV nodes
Ventricles are depolarized
Preload