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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Which class of drugs decrease preload
Mitral valve prolapse
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Volatage gated Ca channels
2. Which organ gets the largest share of systemic cardiac output
Truncus - tet of fallot
Liver
Stable angina
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
3. What cardiac change occurs in pregnancy?
S. epidermidis
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Increased SV
Wegener's
4. What does an isoelectric ST segment indicate?
Ventricles are depolarized
Torsades de pointes
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
5. immune mediated transmural vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis - small and medium vessels - renal and viscera - not pulm arteries - hep B seropos in 30% of pts
Volatage gated Ca channels
Infective endocarditis
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Polyarteritis nodosum
6. In an anterolateral infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
LAD
LCX - V4- V6
Kidney
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
7. Which enzyme rises after 4 hours and is elevated for 7 to 10 days after an MI?
Preload
Diastolic
CFX
Troponin I
8. What are common causes of mitral regurg?
Right sided
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
PDA
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
9. What happens in phase 4 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Torsades de pointes
Atrial contraction
Resting potential high K perm
10. pulmonary veins drain into right heart circulation (SVC - coronary sinus)
Atrial contraction
TAPVR
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
11. In an EKG - What is the PR interval?
Prinzmetal angina
Dilation
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Wegener's
12. Which sympathetic receptors raise MAP
LAD - V1 - V4
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
13. systolic - diastolic
Pulse pressure
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
Coarcation of aorta
14. Central chemoreceptors do not respond directly to which parameter?
No
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
P02
PDA
15. What causes tet of fallot?
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Coarcation of aorta
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
16. What murmur is heard with aortic regurg?
Preload
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Changes in CO as a function of preload
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
17. Which bacteria can cause endocarditis from prosthetic valves?
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
S. epidermidis
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
18. tearing chest pain radiation to the back - associated with marfan
S. bovis
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
19. Mitral stenosis is most often secondary to which condition?
Kids
Non
RF
TAPVR
20. The aortic arch receptors transmit along which nerve?
Vagus to medulla
Glomus tumor
Preload
Myxoma
21. What does the LAD supply?
1st degree AV blodck
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Viridans streptococci
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
22. Which kind of infarct show ST elevation - and/or pathologic Q waves
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Raynaud's
Transmural
Isovolumetric contraction
23. delta wave on ECG - accesory conduction pathway from atria to ventricles - reentry leading to supraventricular tachycardia
Angiosarcoma
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
24. EDV - ESV
Stroke volume
LCX - I - aVL
Transfusion
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
25. congenital heart defect with 22q11
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Truncus - tet of fallot
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
S. bovis
26. what happens to capillaries in lymphatic blockage
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
Black > white > asian
Dec plasma proteins
27. Left to right shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Kids
Vagus to medulla
Holosystoiic
28. Which murmur is heard with mitral prolapse?
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
29. stroke volume x HR =?
CO
MI
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Black > white > asian
30. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the left?
If sodium channel
Aortic insuffic - late
1st degree AV blodck
Hemorrhage
31. What does the U wave indicated?
HypoK and bradycardia
Systolic dysfunction
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
32. What causes the midsystolic click
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Turners
33. In the cardiac cycle - which period has the highest 02 consumption?
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Infective endocarditis
Isovolumetric contraction
34. How does digitatlis increase contractility?
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
QRS complex
Changes in CO as a function of preload
35. Churg Strauss - presentation and test
Resting potential high K perm
Infective endocarditis
Liver
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
36. retrosternal chest main with exertion - ST depression on ECG - likely due atherosclerosis
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Stable angina
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
37. What is the early and late lesion in rheumatic heart disease
Cystic hygroma
Mitral valve prolapse
Resting potential high K perm
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
38. PROVe
Coarcation of aorta
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Isovolumetric contraction
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
39. Restrictive cardiomyopathy causes
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Yes
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
40. What happens with a decrease of extracellular Na
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Transfusion
Glomus tumor
Unstable/crescendo angina
41. Which murmur is heard with VSD?
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
42. Where is the most posterior portion of the heart and What can it cause?
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
LCX - V4- V6
43. What causes the murmur heard in MR to enhance?
Hematocrit
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Holosystoiic
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
44. How are cadiac myocytes eltrically coupled?
Myxoma
Gap junctions
Polyarteritis nodosum
CHF
45. How do beta blockers decrease contractility?
Kaposi's sarcoma
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Decrease in cAMP
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
46. Wegener's tx
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
SA and AV nodes
Kaposi's sarcoma
Unstable/crescendo angina
47. Which vessels account for the most total peripheral resistance
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
HypoK and bradycardia
Arteriorles
48. What happens in phase 3 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Ventricular repolarization
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
49. How does aldosterone raise MAP
Boot shaped heart
Inc blood volume
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
50. What is the time frame for arrhythmia risk in the evolution of MI
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
The first 4 days
V fib
LAD > RCA > circumflex