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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. decrease blood flow to the skin due to arteriolar vasospasm in cold temp - emotional stress - also in SLE and CREST
2. congenital heart defect in an infant with a diabetic mother?
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Transposition of great vessels
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Fluid movement through capillaries
3. Which murmur is heard with VSD?
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
4. What are anitschkow's cells
Transposition of great vessels
Pos inotropy - exercise
Activated histiocytes
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
5. no change in PR interval followed by dropped beat
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Mean arterial pressure
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
QRS complex
6. Right to left shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Aortic insuffic - late
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Babies
7. acute - self limiting necrotizing vasculitis in children associated with fever - conjunctivitis - strawberry tongue - desquamatous skin rash - lymphadenitis - coronary sinus aneurysms. Seen in asians
Arteriorles
Transfusion
Kawasaki
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
8. EDV is also known as
RCA - II - III - aVF
Preload
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
In RA return (inspiration)
9. bacterial endocarditis - previously normal valves - rapid onset - Which bacteria?
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
S. aureus
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
10. Inspiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds?
Right sided
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
RCA - II - III - aVF
Temporal arteritis
11. On the cardiac cycle graph - on which corners do the opening and closing of the aortic and mitral valves occur?
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Myxoma
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
12. Expiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds
Left sided
Black > white > asian
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
13. In an EKG - What is the QT interval?
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Eisenmenger's syndrome
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
Pos inotropy - exercise
14. What is the early and late lesion in rheumatic heart disease
Stable angina
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Mitral valve prolapse
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
15. Which bacteria causes endocarditis in the presence of colon cancer
Decrease in cAMP
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
S. bovis
Mitral valve prolapse
16. necrotizing granulomas in lung and upper airways - nectrotizing GN - small vessel vasculitis
17. If HR is too fast (V tach) what happens during diastole?
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
18. congenital heart defect with 22q11
Truncus - tet of fallot
Dilated cardiomyopathy
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
SV/ EDV
19. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by catecholamines and
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Babies
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
20. What happends in phase 1 of the ventricular cardiac action potential?
S. epidermidis
Diastolic
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Hematocrit
21. Rank the pacemakers cells
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Cystic hygroma
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Strawberry hemangioma
22. What does HTN predispose to?
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
23. Weak pulses - notching of the ribs on xray - HTN in upper extremeties and weak peripheral pulses
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Adult type aortic coarctation
Left sided
24. highly lethal malignancy of the liver - associated with vinyl chloride - arsenic - and thorosrast exposure
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Angiosarcoma
Strawberry hemangioma
SA and AV nodes
25. immune mediated transmural vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis - small and medium vessels - renal and viscera - not pulm arteries - hep B seropos in 30% of pts
Atrial contraction
Yes
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Polyarteritis nodosum
26. What causes the cushing reflex and why
Non
Kawasaki
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Changes in CO as a function of preload
27. What does the LAD supply?
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
RCA - II - III - aVF
CHF
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
28. What kind of dysfunction ensues in restrictive cardiomyopathy
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Greater ventricular EDV
Hemorrhage
Diastolic
29. Left to right shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Truncus - tet of fallot
Kids
S. aureus
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
30. What are the systolic heart sounds
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
In parallel
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
31. When does EF decrease
LCX - I - aVL
C - ANCA
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
In HF
32. Which two mechanisms sense decrease MAP?
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Fast volatge gated Na channels
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Dilation
33. What does hypoxia cause in the lung versus other tissues?
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
CO
Raynaud's
PDA
34. in the JVP - What is the v wave?
Greater ventricular EDV
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
35. decrease stretch in baroreceptors leads to what response?
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Infective endocarditis
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Viridans streptococci
36. disease of elastic arteries and large and medium sized muscular arteries
P02
Subendocardial
Atherosclerosis
Preload
37. exaggerated decrease in pulse during inspiration.
38. What does T wave inversion indicated?
Unstable/crescendo angina
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
MI
39. Which lab value indicates blood viscosity?
CK- MB
Hematocrit
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
40. What is the definition of HTN?
140/90
Adult type aortic coarctation
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
41. Endothelial malignancy of the skin assocated with HHV-8 and HIV
42. What is the most common cause of MI
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
Granuloma with giant cells
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
43. EDV - ESV
Increase in Pc
Preload
Temporal arteritis
Stroke volume
44. What supplies the posterior left ventricle?
LAD
CFX
At least 55%
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
45. Do you see elevaged ASO titers in rheumatic heart disease
Yes
RV failure - in venous pressure
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
7 weeks
46. What does an isoelectric ST segment indicate?
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Granuloma with giant cells
Ventricles are depolarized
Black > white > asian
47. polypoid capillary hemangioma that can ulcerate and bleed
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
Activated histiocytes
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
48. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by Ach or adenosine?
No
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Black > white > asian
Decreases
49. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the left?
Hemorrhage
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Left heart failure
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
50. What are the complications of atherosclerosis?
Ventricular repolarization
In RA return (inspiration)
Increased SV
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli