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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What does HTN predispose to?
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Volatage gated Ca channels
LAD
2. Where does coronary artery occlusion occur most commonly?
LAD
Gap junctions
Volatage gated Ca channels
LAD > RCA > circumflex
3. Inspiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds?
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Right sided
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
4. What are the 5 T's of cyanoitc babies
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
5. fibrinous pericarditis several weeks post MI
6. What causes the midsystolic click
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
7. what percentage of HTN is secondary to renal disease?
Troponin I
10%
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
8. no relation between p waves and QRS intervals - treatment and predisposing factor
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Troponin I
9. EDV - ESV
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Stroke volume
Isovolumetric contraction
Yes
10. Which bacteria can cause endocarditis from prosthetic valves?
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
The operating point of the heart
S. epidermidis
11. In an EKG - What is the PR interval?
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
In HF
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
12. In a lateral wall infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
Atrial contraction
LAD
LCX - I - aVL
Wegener's
13. port wine stains on face - intracerebral AVM - siezures - early onset glaucoma - congenital
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
14. which ethnic groups have higher association with HTN?
Activated histiocytes
CFX
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Black > white > asian
15. In what disease states is blood viscosity increased?
Lymphangiosarcoma
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
16. In terms of starling forces - why does heart failure cause edema?
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Increase in Pc
Changes in CO as a function of preload
Mitral stenosis
17. What is the cushing triad?
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Hyperlipidemia
Vagus to medulla
18. Rank the following by speed of conduction - av node - atria - purkinjee - ventricles
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
Activated histiocytes
19. What are the four most common locations for atherosclerosis?
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Polyarteritis nodosum
20. The aortic arch receptors transmit along which nerve?
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Vagus to medulla
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
21. Equilibration of diastolic pressures in all 4 chambers - decreased CO from compression of heart by fluid in pericardium
Stroke volume
Babies
Cardiac tamponde
CK- MB
22. Which murmur is heard in aortic stenosis?
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Preload
7 weeks
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
23. What is the most common cause of MI
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Increase contractility
Gap junctions
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
24. SV CAP means?
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
25. which heart valves are afected most in rheumatic heart diseease
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Coarcation of aorta
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
26. What is the most common cause of right heart failure
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Buerger's disease
Left heart failure
Resting potential high K perm
27. what happens to capillaries in lymphatic blockage
If sodium channel
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
28. which medications are used to maintain patency or close the ductus arteriosus?
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
29. In an EKG - What is the QRS complex?
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Increase in Pc
30. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the left?
Preload
QRS complex
If sodium channel
Hemorrhage
31. MAP is also known as
Cherry hemangioma
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
32. How does digitatlis increase contractility?
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
ASD
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
33. What is the S2 sound?
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Aortic and pulmonary closing
LCX - V4- V6
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
34. What happens in phase 2 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
35. Fatal arrhythmia
Lymphangiosarcoma
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Coarcation of aorta
V fib
36. progressive lengthening of PR until beat is dropped - a p wave not followed by QRS
Black > white > asian
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
RCA
37. What does mitral prolapse predeispose to?
Infective endocarditis
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
1st degree AV blodck
38. Which class of drugs decrease preload
Early deaths from myocarditis
QRS complex
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
39. What does FROM JANE stand for in bacterial endocarditis?
40. What does hypoxia cause in the lung versus other tissues?
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Dressler's - autoimmune
No - no pressure gradient
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
41. What causes ankle - sacral edema - jugular venous distention
RV failure - in venous pressure
7 weeks
Increase contractility
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
42. S3 - dilated heart on US - balloon appearance on CXR - eccentric hypertrophy
Fast volatge gated Na channels
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Transfusion
43. PCWP is an estimate of...
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Decreased
Left atrial pressure
44. What happens with a decrease of extracellular Na
Cardiac tamponde
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Ventricular repolarization
Rhabdomyomas
45. Does eccentric hypertrophy or concentric hypertrophy cause systolic disfunction
Hyperlipidemia
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
Vasocxn
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
46. Which artery supplies the inferior portion of the left ventricle and posterior septum?
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
SA and AV nodes
47. When do you see extensive coagulative necrosis in an MI
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Myxoma
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Kids
48. How does acidosis affect contractility?
Group a beta hemolytic strep
7 weeks
Decreased
Vasodilators
49. congenital heart defect with congenital rubella
Raynaud's
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Gap junctions
50. L to R shunt becomes R to L due to increase pulm pressures from original congenital heart defect