Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What other sign is often present with congenital long QT syndrome - why?
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Boot shaped heart

2. What happends in phase 1 of the ventricular cardiac action potential?
ANP
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open

3. Which organ has the largest arteriovenous difference
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB

4. in the JVP - What is the c wave?
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Troponin I
Truncus - tet of fallot
Lymphangiosarcoma

5. what percentage of HTN is secondary to renal disease?
Resting potential high K perm
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
10%
S. epidermidis

6. What kind of dysfunction ensues in restrictive cardiomyopathy
Stroke volume
Diastolic
C - ANCA
Wegener's

7. What are anitschkow's cells
Activated histiocytes
RF
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve

8. What does T wave inversion indicated?
No
MI
QRS complex
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg

9. Hyperplastic onion skinning
V fib
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Kaposi's sarcoma
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return

10. sudden death in young atheletes - S4 - apical impulses - outflow obstruction
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Hemorrhage
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy

11. p - anca

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

12. Which murmur is heard in aortic stenosis?
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click

13. In an EKG - What is the T wave?
Unstable/crescendo angina
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Ventricular repolarization
Holosystoiic

14. progressive lengthening of PR until beat is dropped - a p wave not followed by QRS
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Hyperlipidemia
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis

15. In the evolution of an MI - when the risk for free wall rupture - tamponade - papillary muscle rupture - or interventricular septal rupture the hightest? Why?
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Lymphangiosarcoma
No - no pressure gradient

16. clinical signs of cardiac tamponade
If sodium channel
10%
No - no pressure gradient
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus

17. cavernous lymphangioma of the neck - associated with turner's
Cystic hygroma
Increase contractility
Hemorrhage
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa

18. Which artery supplies the inferior portion of the left ventricle and posterior septum?
Troponin I
Decreases
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
At least 55%

19. In what disease states is blood viscosity increased?
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
LCX - I - aVL
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis

20. benign capillary skin papules in AIDS patients mistaken for kaposi sarcoma - caused by bartonella henselae
Early deaths from myocarditis
...
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
No - no pressure gradient

21. How do catecholamines increase contractility?
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Hyperlipidemia
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure

22. In normal S2 splitting - which valve closes first? What increases it?
Atrial contraction
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Black > white > asian
Granuloma with giant cells

23. highly lethal malignancy of the liver - associated with vinyl chloride - arsenic - and thorosrast exposure
Mitral valve
No - no pressure gradient
Angiosarcoma
Yes

24. What causes the ejection click in the Cres - decres murmur?
Fast volatge gated Na channels
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
MI
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura

25. How are sarcomeres added in concentric hypertrophy?
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
In parallel

26. In a lateral wall infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
In HF
7 weeks
LCX - I - aVL
Yes

27. What are the complications of atherosclerosis?
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
Atrial contraction
CHF

28. In terms of starling forces - why does heart failure cause edema?
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Increase in Pc
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click

29. Which bacteria causes endocarditis in the presence of colon cancer
S. bovis
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis

30. Which bacteria causes rheumatic heart disease
Hematocrit
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Group a beta hemolytic strep

31. What are the systolic heart sounds
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Troponin I
Vasodilators
Atherosclerosis

32. Which channel accounts for automaticity of the SA and AV nodes?
If sodium channel
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Transmural

33. systolic - diastolic
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Pulse pressure
Diastolic
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas

34. EDV - ESV
P02
MAP
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Stroke volume

35. In terms of starling forces - why does nephrotic syndrome or liver failure cause edems
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
Changes in CO as a function of preload
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Dec plasma proteins

36. Which bacteria can cause endocarditis from prosthetic valves?
Systolic dysfunction
S. epidermidis
Pos inotropy - exercise
Strawberry hemangioma

37. decrease stretch in baroreceptors leads to what response?
Coarcation of aorta
Pos inotropy - exercise
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve

38. What does the U wave indicated?
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
RCA - II - III - aVF
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
HypoK and bradycardia

39. Wegener's tx
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Dilation
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
MAP

40. What constitues the upstroke in pacemaker cells?
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Volatage gated Ca channels
Ventricular repolarization
Libman - sacks endocarditis

41. Which enzyme rises after 4 hours and is elevated for 7 to 10 days after an MI?
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Troponin I
Black > white > asian

42. Which murmur do you hear in mitral stenosis?
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
MAP
ANP

43. How does acidosis affect contractility?
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Wegener's
Decreased
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg

44. Does blood flow across the actual ASD account for abnormal heart sounds? What is the reason?
Decreased
Increase contractility
No - no pressure gradient
Inc blood volume

45. What causes orthopnea?
ANP
The operating point of the heart
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion

46. What does FAN MY SKIN On Wednesday stand for?
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
If sodium channel
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Left sided

47. What is the gold standard for dx of MI in the first 6 hours
Fick principle
Right sided
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
EKG

48. disease of elastic arteries and large and medium sized muscular arteries
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Atherosclerosis
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids

49. skin rash on buttocks and legs - arthralgia - intestinal hemorrhage - abdominal pain - melena. Follows URI - IgA immune complex - most common childhood systemic vasculitis
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Dressler's - autoimmune
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)

50. What does HTN predispose to?
Activated histiocytes
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
QRS complex