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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the difference between adult and infantile type aortic coarctation?
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Cherry hemangioma
Fast volatge gated Na channels
2. tearing chest pain radiation to the back - associated with marfan
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Dec plasma proteins
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Atherosclerosis
3. Which murmur is heard in aortic stenosis?
Yes
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Right sided
Mean arterial pressure
4. failure of truncus arteriosus to divide?
Mean arterial pressure
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
No
5. Which bacteria causes endocarditis in the presence of colon cancer
Resting potential high K perm
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
S. bovis
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
6. In terms of starling forces - why does nephrotic syndrome or liver failure cause edems
Dressler's - autoimmune
Inc blood volume
Dec plasma proteins
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
7. bening capillary hemangioma of elderly - does not regress
Cherry hemangioma
LAD - V1 - V4
Boot shaped heart
Hyperlipidemia
8. What is the machine like murmur? What is the heart pathology and the predisposing causes
Non
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
The plateau period
9. Which organ has the largest arteriovenous difference
RV failure - in venous pressure
Increase contractility
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
In RA return (inspiration)
10. What causes the cushing reflex and why
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Fick principle
Wegener's
11. Which murmur is heard with VSD?
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
140/90
12. Given P = QR - what factors influence resistance?
Turners
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
HypoK and bradycardia
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
13. Mitral stenosis is most often secondary to which condition?
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
RF
Dilation
14. When does EF decrease
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
In HF
Cystic hygroma
Hyperlipidemia
15. The carotid sinus transmits along which nerve?
Arteriorles
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Glomus tumor
16. sawtooth wave
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17. in the JVP - What is the c wave?
Decrease in cAMP
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
18. What are the different etiologies of dialted cardiomyopathy
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Aortic insuffic - late
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
LCX - I - aVL
19. What is the danger of torsades to pointes?
The first 4 days
Holosystoiic
Can progess to V fib
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
20. In an anterolateral infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
LCX - V4- V6
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Group a beta hemolytic strep
21. p - anca
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22. most common heart tumor
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
S. aureus
CHF
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
23. Which bacteria can cause endocarditis from prosthetic valves?
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
S. epidermidis
24. What causes the ejection click in the Cres - decres murmur?
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
C - ANCA
Kids
Left sided
25. Does blood flow across the actual ASD account for abnormal heart sounds? What is the reason?
No - no pressure gradient
Changes in CO as a function of preload
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Dec plasma proteins
26. What is the S2 sound?
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
Liver
27. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by catecholamines and
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
28. stroke volume x HR =?
QRS complex
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
CO
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
29. What does hypoxia cause in the lung versus other tissues?
Wegener's
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
30. What causes ankle - sacral edema - jugular venous distention
Atherosclerosis
Transposition of great vessels
ASD
RV failure - in venous pressure
31. The aortic arch receptors transmit along which nerve?
Vagus to medulla
PDA
Preload
Diastolic
32. friction rub - 3-5 days post MI
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Can progess to V fib
Cherry hemangioma
33. What does FAN MY SKIN On Wednesday stand for?
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
In RA return (inspiration)
Mean arterial pressure
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
34. in the JVP - What is the v wave?
Mitral valve prolapse
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
35. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the left?
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Eisenmenger's syndrome
Hemorrhage
36. decrease blood flow to the skin due to arteriolar vasospasm in cold temp - emotional stress - also in SLE and CREST
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37. How are cadiac myocytes eltrically coupled?
Gap junctions
Preload
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
38. What does the U wave indicated?
HypoK and bradycardia
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
SV/ EDV
39. What does the starling curve show?
Changes in CO as a function of preload
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Resting potential high K perm
P02
40. In an EKG - What is the p wave?
Atrial contraction
Ventricular repolarization
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Resting potential high K perm
41. What causes the early cyanosis in Tet of Fallot?
Rhabdomyomas
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Increased SV
Prinzmetal angina
42. Which sympathetic receptors raise MAP
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Kaposi's sarcoma
Aortic and pulmonary closing
43. congenital heart defect with congenital rubella
Can progess to V fib
Viridans streptococci
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
EKG
44. absecnce of tricuspid valve - hypoplastic RV
Increase in Pc
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Aortic insuffic - late
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
45. retrosternal chest main with exertion - ST depression on ECG - likely due atherosclerosis
SV/ EDV
Stable angina
7 weeks
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
46. thrombosis w/o necrosis - ST elevation - worsening chest pain at rest or with minimal exertion
Unstable/crescendo angina
LAD
In RA return (inspiration)
Atherosclerosis
47. What do the starling forces determine
Fluid movement through capillaries
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
RF
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
48. with what heart sounds do ASD usually present?
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
RV failure - in venous pressure
TAPVR
QRS complex
49. Which artery supplies the inferior portion of the left ventricle and posterior septum?
The plateau period
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
CFX
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
50. Where does coronary artery occlusion occur most commonly?
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
LAD
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve