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Cardiology
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Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. dilated tortous veins due to chronically inc venous pressure - poor wound healing - varicose ulcers
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
No - no pressure gradient
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
2. How do catecholamines increase contractility?
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Lymphangiosarcoma
Unstable/crescendo angina
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
3. coronary artery spasm - ST elevation
Buerger's disease
Transfusion
Prinzmetal angina
Non
4. Restrictive cardiomyopathy causes
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Ventricular repolarization
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
5. What does T wave inversion indicated?
Kawasaki
Holosystoiic
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
MI
6. immune mediated transmural vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis - small and medium vessels - renal and viscera - not pulm arteries - hep B seropos in 30% of pts
Polyarteritis nodosum
Transmural
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
The plateau period
7. Right to left shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
Babies
Hematocrit
Pos inotropy - exercise
8. What stimulates release of calcium from the SR?
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Can progess to V fib
9. in the JVP - What is the c wave?
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
PDA
LAD - V1 - V4
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
10. lymphatic malignancy associated with persistant lymphadema - post radical mastectomy
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Lymphangiosarcoma
11. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by catecholamines and
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Kids
12. Which enzyme rises after 4 hours and is elevated for 7 to 10 days after an MI?
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Troponin I
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
13. 2/3 diastolic + 1/3 systolic
MAP
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
14. What 4 things drive myocardial 02 demand?
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Glomus tumor
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Group a beta hemolytic strep
15. Where is the most posterior portion of the heart and What can it cause?
LAD > RCA > circumflex
LAD - V1 - V4
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Decreases
16. benign - painful - red - blue tumor under fingernails from smooth muscle cells
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Glomus tumor
Fick principle
17. How are sarcomeres added in concentric hypertrophy?
In parallel
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
TAPVR
18. How does digitatlis increase contractility?
Babies
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Unstable/crescendo angina
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
19. which medications are used to maintain patency or close the ductus arteriosus?
Pulse pressure
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
20. list the coronary vessels most likely to be occluded
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
LAD > RCA > circumflex
During diastole
21. What causes the ejection click in the Cres - decres murmur?
The plateau period
1st degree AV blodck
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
22. Irregularly irregular ECG - no p waves: dx and treatment
Lymphangiosarcoma
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Holosystoiic
23. friction rub - 3-5 days post MI
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Pos inotropy - exercise
Adult type aortic coarctation
Holosystoiic
24. What is the definition of HTN?
Prinzmetal angina
140/90
Temporal arteritis
Angiosarcoma
25. What is the time frame for arrhythmia risk in the evolution of MI
Hemorrhage
The first 4 days
Torsades de pointes
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
26. When and why is the S3 sound heard?
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Atrial contraction
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
27. What does the starling curve show?
Increase contractility
Changes in CO as a function of preload
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
28. How does angiotensin II raise MAP
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Increase in Pc
Vasocxn
29. How does acidosis affect contractility?
Decreased
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Rhabdomyomas
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
30. disease of elastic arteries and large and medium sized muscular arteries
SV/ EDV
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Atherosclerosis
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
31. What is the most common cause of right heart failure
Left heart failure
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
32. The cause of dyspnea on exertion?
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
S. epidermidis
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Kaposi's sarcoma
33. Which valve is most commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis?
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
Mitral valve
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Vasocxn
34. What are tendinous xanthoma - atheromas - and corneal arcus signs of?
Boot shaped heart
CK- MB
Kidney
Hyperlipidemia
35. What is the most common cause of MI
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
7 weeks
36. What do patients die early from in rheumatic heart disease?
Stroke volume
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Adult type aortic coarctation
Early deaths from myocarditis
37. highly lethal malignancy of the liver - associated with vinyl chloride - arsenic - and thorosrast exposure
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Subendocardial
EKG
Angiosarcoma
38. How does aldosterone raise MAP
During diastole
1st degree AV blodck
Inc blood volume
Increase in Pc
39. What are aschoff bodies
Yes
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Granuloma with giant cells
Torsades de pointes
40. PCWP > LV diastolic pressure
Transposition of great vessels
...
Mitral stenosis
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
41. What kind of infarct show ST depression
Gap junctions
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Subendocardial
42. most common primary cardiac tumor in children - associated with tuberous sclerosis
...
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Takayasu's arteritis
Rhabdomyomas
43. Which bacteria can cause endocarditis from prosthetic valves?
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
S. epidermidis
Left sided
Diastolic
44. Which kind of infarct show ST elevation - and/or pathologic Q waves
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
MI
Atherosclerosis
Transmural
45. When do coronary arteries fill?
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
If sodium channel
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
During diastole
46. SV CAP means?
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
47. EDV is also known as
S. bovis
Preload
The plateau period
Pulse pressure
48. bacterial endocarditis - previously normal valves - rapid onset - Which bacteria?
S. aureus
Persistant truncus arteriosus
MI
LAD - V1- V2
49. Which artery supplies the SA and AV nodes?
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Decreases
Arteriorles
RCA
50. In an anteroseptal infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
140/90
SV/ EDV
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
LAD - V1- V2
Sorry!:) No result found.
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