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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. thrombosis w/o necrosis - ST elevation - worsening chest pain at rest or with minimal exertion
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Unstable/crescendo angina
2. machine murmer
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
PDA
LAD - V1 - V4
3. most common primary cardiac tumor in adults - ball - valve obstruction in left atrium
PDA
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Myxoma
Preload
4. cavernous lymphangioma of the neck - associated with turner's
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
In RA return (inspiration)
Cystic hygroma
5. In an EKG - What is the T wave?
Activated histiocytes
CO
SA and AV nodes
Ventricular repolarization
6. What causes the CO curve to shift upwards?
Pos inotropy - exercise
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
7. What are the systolic heart sounds
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
No - no pressure gradient
8. In normal S2 splitting - which valve closes first? What increases it?
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
QRS complex
9. SV CAP means?
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
Activated histiocytes
10. What are the 5 T's of cyanoitc babies
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Vasocxn
SV/ EDV
11. Which organ has ht highest blood flow per gram of tissue
V fib arrhythima
Truncus - tet of fallot
Activated histiocytes
Kidney
12. Which murmur do you hear in mitral stenosis?
ANP
QRS complex
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
In RA return (inspiration)
13. no change in PR interval followed by dropped beat
S. epidermidis
Aortic insuffic - late
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
14. Which lab value indicates blood viscosity?
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
The operating point of the heart
Hematocrit
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
15. Which artery supplies the SA and AV nodes?
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
LAD - V1- V2
RCA
PDA
16. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the right?
Transfusion
Mitral stenosis
Wegener's
C - ANCA
17. On the cardiac cycle graph - on which corners do the opening and closing of the aortic and mitral valves occur?
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
18. serum marker for wegener's
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
C - ANCA
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Dilated cardiomyopathy
19. what happens to capillaries in lymphatic blockage
Rhabdomyomas
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
LAD - V1- V2
Decreased
20. most common heart tumor
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Eisenmenger's syndrome
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
21. How are sarcomeres added in concentric hypertrophy?
Atherosclerosis
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Pos inotropy - exercise
In parallel
22. What causes ankle - sacral edema - jugular venous distention
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
RV failure - in venous pressure
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
23. Which class of drugs decreases afterload?
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Temporal arteritis
Raynaud's
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
24. congenital heart defect in an infant with a diabetic mother?
In series
Arteriorles
Dressler's - autoimmune
Transposition of great vessels
25. What supplies the posterior left ventricle?
Mitral and tricuspid closure
CFX
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
26. The 7 complications of MI
27. What causes the early cyanosis in Tet of Fallot?
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Fick principle
28. Which area of the endocardium is especially vulnerable to infarction? Why?
MI
Atherosclerosis
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Gap junctions
29. congenital heart defect withdown syndrome
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
Strawberry hemangioma
Left atrial pressure
30. benign cap hemangioma of infancy - spont regresses
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Strawberry hemangioma
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
No - no pressure gradient
31. What happens in phase 4 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Resting potential high K perm
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
32. What are anitschkow's cells
Fluid movement through capillaries
Babies
Activated histiocytes
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
33. The cause of dyspnea on exertion?
Kidney
Decreases
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
34. The cause of cardiac dilation?
Black > white > asian
Greater ventricular EDV
The first 4 days
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
35. What is association with fixed S2 splitting - does not increase with inspiration
LAD - V1- V2
ASD
CK- MB
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
36. What causes orthopnea?
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Aortic insuffic - late
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
37. What are the complications of atherosclerosis?
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
38. systolic - diastolic
Cystic hygroma
SA and AV nodes
In parallel
Pulse pressure
39. What is the characteristic pulse in aortic stenosis?
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Increase contractility
40. What is a normal EF
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
At least 55%
Vasocxn
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
41. disruption of the vasa vasorum of aorta - dilation of aorta and valve ring - tree bark appearance (calcifications on aortic root)
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
Fick principle
TAPVR
42. Wegener's tx
Prinzmetal angina
During diastole
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
43. What does mitral prolapse predeispose to?
Infective endocarditis
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
EKG
44. pulseless disease - granulomatous thickening of the aortic arch and/or proximal great vessels - elev ESR - asian females > 40
45. When does extracellular calcium enter the cardiac muscle cells during contraction?
Atrial contraction
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
Transposition of great vessels
The plateau period
46. which medications are used to maintain patency or close the ductus arteriosus?
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Troponin I
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
47. What kind of infarct show ST depression
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Truncus - tet of fallot
Subendocardial
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
48. What causes aortic stenosis
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
The plateau period
Pulse pressure
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
49. decrease stretch in baroreceptors leads to what response?
MI
10%
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
50. What happens in phase 3 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
The plateau period