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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. fibrinous pericarditis several weeks post MI
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2. Do dihydropyridine or non - dihyrdropyridine Ca channel blockers decrease contractility
Truncus - tet of fallot
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Non
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
3. When does EF decrease
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
In HF
4. Left to right shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Kids
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
5. What are the four most common locations for atherosclerosis?
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
10%
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Lymphangiosarcoma
6. progressive lengthening of PR until beat is dropped - a p wave not followed by QRS
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
At least 55%
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Fluid movement through capillaries
7. in the JVP - What is the v wave?
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
In HF
8. What happens in phase 3 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
9. The 7 complications of MI
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10. Rank the pacemakers cells
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Torsades de pointes
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
11. What is the classic X ray finding for tet of fallot?
V fib
Boot shaped heart
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Kidney
12. most common primary cardiac tumor in adults - ball - valve obstruction in left atrium
No - no pressure gradient
Infective endocarditis
Myxoma
Dressler's - autoimmune
13. What does T wave inversion indicated?
Lymphangiosarcoma
MI
S. aureus
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
14. cavernous lymphangioma of the neck - associated with turner's
LCX - I - aVL
Cystic hygroma
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Holosystoiic
15. dilated tortous veins due to chronically inc venous pressure - poor wound healing - varicose ulcers
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Stable angina
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Left heart failure
16. Which bacteria causes endocarditis in the presence of colon cancer
Myxoma
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Fick principle
S. bovis
17. Endothelial malignancy of the skin assocated with HHV-8 and HIV
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18. Given P = QR - what factors influence resistance?
Decrease in cAMP
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
At least 55%
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
19. What 4 things drive myocardial 02 demand?
HypoK and bradycardia
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
C - ANCA
Hematocrit
20. What are aschoff bodies
Granuloma with giant cells
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Strawberry hemangioma
Early deaths from myocarditis
21. When is the scar completely formed in an MI?
Left atrial pressure
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Torsades de pointes
7 weeks
22. What causes orthopnea?
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
In series
Increased SV
Fick principle
23. congenital heart defect with marfan's
Aortic insuffic - late
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
LAD - V1- V2
24. decrease stretch in baroreceptors leads to what response?
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Inc blood volume
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
25. machine murmer
LAD
Dressler's - autoimmune
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
PDA
26. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the right?
V fib arrhythima
Transfusion
Atrial contraction
MI
27. Which lab value indicates blood viscosity?
Coarcation of aorta
Hematocrit
LCX - I - aVL
Diastolic
28. no relation between p waves and QRS intervals - treatment and predisposing factor
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Right sided
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
29. diaphoresis - N/V - severe retrosternal pain - pain in left arm/jaw - SOB - fatigue - adrenergic symptoms
MI
LCX - V4- V6
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
30. in the JVP - What is the c wave?
Yes
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
31. PROVe
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Non
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
32. What murmur is heard with aortic regurg?
Ventricles are depolarized
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
33. lymphatic malignancy associated with persistant lymphadema - post radical mastectomy
Pulse pressure
Rhabdomyomas
Lymphangiosarcoma
TAPVR
34. Which enzyme rises after 4 hours and is elevated for 7 to 10 days after an MI?
Inc blood volume
Troponin I
Mitral stenosis
MI
35. PCWP > LV diastolic pressure
Fick principle
Mitral stenosis
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
36. Churg Strauss - presentation and test
Subendocardial
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Adult type aortic coarctation
37. necrotizing granulomas in lung and upper airways - nectrotizing GN - small vessel vasculitis
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38. What masks atrial repolarization?
PDA
QRS complex
S. aureus
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
39. failure of truncus arteriosus to divide?
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
CK- MB
40. congenital heart defect in an infant with a diabetic mother?
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Transposition of great vessels
If sodium channel
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
41. In an anteroseptal infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
The first 4 days
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
LAD - V1- V2
42. moncekberg
PDA
ANP
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
43. How does a patient with Tet of fallot learn to improve symptoms?
HypoK and bradycardia
LAD
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
Mean arterial pressure
44. What does the starling curve show?
Eisenmenger's syndrome
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Changes in CO as a function of preload
Left atrial pressure
45. What is the S1 sound?
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Kids
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Transfusion
46. in the JVP - What is the a wave?
Cherry hemangioma
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Atrial contraction
47. Where is the most posterior portion of the heart and What can it cause?
Prinzmetal angina
In series
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Cystic hygroma
48. systolic - diastolic
Turners
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Pulse pressure
49. What stimulates release of calcium from the SR?
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
Hematocrit
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
50. What does autoregulation do?
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
PDA
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
Boot shaped heart