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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What causes the cushing reflex and why
LCX - V4- V6
LAD - V1- V2
LAD - V1 - V4
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
2. What are the four most common locations for atherosclerosis?
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Kaposi's sarcoma
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
3. in the JVP - What is the c wave?
Non
Kidney
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
4. Which channel accounts for automaticity of the SA and AV nodes?
Holosystoiic
Polyarteritis nodosum
Early deaths from myocarditis
If sodium channel
5. congenital heart defect with 22q11
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Truncus - tet of fallot
6. When do you see extensive coagulative necrosis in an MI
Ventricles are depolarized
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Mean arterial pressure
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
7. Most common vasculitis affecting medium and large arteries
CK- MB
Ventricles are depolarized
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
Temporal arteritis
8. What causes ankle - sacral edema - jugular venous distention
7 weeks
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
RV failure - in venous pressure
Systolic dysfunction
9. Hyperplastic onion skinning
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
10. What are common causes of mitral regurg?
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Kidney
RF
11. What causes the murmur heard in tricuspid regurg to enhance
In RA return (inspiration)
Preload
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
During diastole
12. How does aldosterone raise MAP
Cystic hygroma
Vasodilators
Inc blood volume
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
13. what conditions are associated with pulsus paradoxus
Infective endocarditis
Transfusion
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Unstable/crescendo angina
14. What is the cushing triad?
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
SV/ EDV
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
15. most common primary cardiac tumor in children - associated with tuberous sclerosis
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Rhabdomyomas
7 weeks
SA and AV nodes
16. What causes aortic stenosis
Mean arterial pressure
Early deaths from myocarditis
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
17. Which valve is most commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis?
Mitral valve
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Prinzmetal angina
Boot shaped heart
18. What kind of infarct show ST depression
Isovolumetric contraction
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Subendocardial
Atherosclerosis
19. Left to right shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Kids
In HF
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
20. What are the 5 T's of cyanoitc babies
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Decreases
Dressler's - autoimmune
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
21. Expiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
Left sided
CO
Strawberry hemangioma
22. What does HTN predispose to?
Inc blood volume
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
MAP
23. PCWP is an estimate of...
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Preload
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Left atrial pressure
24. Does blood flow across the actual ASD account for abnormal heart sounds? What is the reason?
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
No - no pressure gradient
SA and AV nodes
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
25. prolonged PR interval
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
7 weeks
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
1st degree AV blodck
26. Endothelial malignancy of the skin assocated with HHV-8 and HIV
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27. lymphatic malignancy associated with persistant lymphadema - post radical mastectomy
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
Lymphangiosarcoma
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
Eisenmenger's syndrome
28. EDV - ESV
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Decrease in cAMP
ASD
Stroke volume
29. What does mitral prolapse predeispose to?
Kawasaki
Infective endocarditis
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
30. disease of elastic arteries and large and medium sized muscular arteries
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Dec plasma proteins
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Atherosclerosis
31. What is a normal EF
Vasocxn
Vasodilators
At least 55%
Troponin I
32. How does digitatlis increase contractility?
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
In parallel
Greater ventricular EDV
33. What does T wave inversion indicated?
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
S. bovis
MI
RF
34. highly lethal malignancy of the liver - associated with vinyl chloride - arsenic - and thorosrast exposure
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Angiosarcoma
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
35. What is the classic X ray finding for tet of fallot?
Boot shaped heart
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
10%
36. What is the result of not have fast sodium channels in pacemaker cells?
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Increase in Pc
37. When does extracellular calcium enter the cardiac muscle cells during contraction?
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
The plateau period
No - no pressure gradient
Preload
38. The cause of dyspnea on exertion?
Subendocardial
Buerger's disease
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
39. benign - painful - red - blue tumor under fingernails from smooth muscle cells
The plateau period
Dec plasma proteins
Glomus tumor
Vasodilators
40. most common primary cardiac tumor in adults - ball - valve obstruction in left atrium
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
Myxoma
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
41. What does increasing intracellular Ca do?
Increase contractility
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Early deaths from myocarditis
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
42. What are the different etiologies of dialted cardiomyopathy
ASD
1st degree AV blodck
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Kawasaki
43. Which artery supplies the SA and AV nodes?
Cystic hygroma
10%
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
RCA
44. What is indicated when CO and venous return are equal?
Inc Kf - capillary perm
The operating point of the heart
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
45. What causes orthopnea?
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Transposition of great vessels
RV failure - in venous pressure
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
46. Which bacteria causes endocarditis in the presence of colon cancer
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
S. bovis
47. Which murmur is characteristic of mitral/tricuspid regurg?
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Systolic dysfunction
Holosystoiic
48. Where is the most posterior portion of the heart and What can it cause?
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Activated histiocytes
Rhabdomyomas
49. What is associated with paradoxical spliting of S2
Decreases
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
P02
50. What does the atria release in response to inc blood volume and atrial pressure
Subendocardial
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Polyarteritis nodosum
ANP