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Cardiology
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Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. If HR is too fast (V tach) what happens during diastole?
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
In series
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
2. benign cap hemangioma of infancy - spont regresses
Can progess to V fib
Angiosarcoma
Hyperlipidemia
Strawberry hemangioma
3. Which kind of infarct show ST elevation - and/or pathologic Q waves
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
CO
Transmural
The plateau period
4. Expiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds
MAP
Hyperlipidemia
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Left sided
5. What is the cushing triad?
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
6. systolic - diastolic
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Pulse pressure
Kidney
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
7. What are anitschkow's cells
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Atrial contraction
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
Activated histiocytes
8. How does aldosterone raise MAP
If sodium channel
MI
Inc blood volume
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
9. in the JVP - What is the v wave?
Mitral valve prolapse
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
MI
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
10. In an anteroseptal infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
LAD - V1- V2
The plateau period
CHF
11. smaller vegetations - congenitally abnormal or diseased valves - sequela of dental procedures. Insidious onset
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Viridans streptococci
12. Which class of drugs decrease the murmur heard in aortic regurg?
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
...
Vasodilators
13. In normal S2 splitting - which valve closes first? What increases it?
Kaposi's sarcoma
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Hemorrhage
14. In terms of starling forces - why does heart failure cause edema?
Non
V fib
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Increase in Pc
15. EDV - ESV
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
S. bovis
Stroke volume
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
16. What does prolonged QT predispose to?
Vagus to medulla
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Can progess to V fib
Torsades de pointes
17. Which two mechanisms sense decrease MAP?
RV failure - in venous pressure
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
18. When is the scar completely formed in an MI?
7 weeks
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Increase contractility
Arteriorles
19. In what disease states is blood viscosity increased?
Increase contractility
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
20. What happens in phase 2 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
QRS complex
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
LAD - V1 - V4
Left heart failure
21. What causes the ejection click in the Cres - decres murmur?
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Dilation
22. What causes the early cyanosis in Tet of Fallot?
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Libman - sacks endocarditis
During diastole
23. Which vessels account for the most total peripheral resistance
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Transfusion
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Arteriorles
24. Rank the pacemakers cells
LCX - I - aVL
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
25. Chronic mitral stenosis can lead to what changes in size of the LA
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Dilation
26. What is the characteristic pulse in aortic stenosis?
LAD - V1- V2
Left sided
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
27. The carotid sinus transmits along which nerve?
Vasodilators
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
28. EDV is also known as
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Preload
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
29. what conditions are associated with pulsus paradoxus
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Atrial contraction
Mitral valve prolapse
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
30. Which murmur is heard with VSD?
Transposition of great vessels
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Adult type aortic coarctation
31. Weak pulses - notching of the ribs on xray - HTN in upper extremeties and weak peripheral pulses
Adult type aortic coarctation
Liver
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
32. Do you see elevaged ASO titers in rheumatic heart disease
Gap junctions
Atherosclerosis
Kaposi's sarcoma
Yes
33. congenital heart defect in an infant with a diabetic mother?
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Transposition of great vessels
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
34. What causes the murmur heard in MR to enhance?
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Isovolumetric contraction
Angiosarcoma
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
35. What does the starling curve show?
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Changes in CO as a function of preload
Infective endocarditis
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
36. What are common causes of mitral regurg?
Boot shaped heart
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Raynaud's
37. Where does coronary artery occlusion occur most commonly?
LAD
Myxoma
Left sided
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
38. Which organ gets the largest share of systemic cardiac output
Liver
Cystic hygroma
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
39. Central chemoreceptors do not respond directly to which parameter?
P02
140/90
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Kaposi's sarcoma
40. What causes tet of fallot?
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Holosystoiic
Glomus tumor
41. necrotizing granulomas in lung and upper airways - nectrotizing GN - small vessel vasculitis
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42. What supplies the posterior left ventricle?
Wegener's
CFX
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
43. What kind of infarct show ST depression
Subendocardial
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Diastolic
Pulse pressure
44. What is the most common cause of MI
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Fast volatge gated Na channels
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
45. What is the association with wide S2 splitting?
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
46. What is the most common cause of right heart failure
Left heart failure
MI
RCA - II - III - aVF
Atherosclerosis
47. Irregularly irregular ECG - no p waves: dx and treatment
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Libman - sacks endocarditis
48. What is the progression of atherosclerosis?
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
Temporal arteritis
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
49. What are the 5 T's of cyanoitc babies
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Decreases
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
50. What are the complications of atherosclerosis?
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Yes
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
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