Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Equilibration of diastolic pressures in all 4 chambers - decreased CO from compression of heart by fluid in pericardium
Cardiac tamponde
During diastole
Boot shaped heart
MI

2. What happens with a decrease of extracellular Na
Gap junctions
Babies
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Mitral stenosis

3. Which sympathetic receptors raise MAP
Dilation
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
TAPVR
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn

4. S3 - dilated heart on US - balloon appearance on CXR - eccentric hypertrophy
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Adult type aortic coarctation
No
Dilated cardiomyopathy

5. What does autoregulation do?
HypoK and bradycardia
Atrial contraction
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
Inc blood volume

6. CO x Total peripheral resistance
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Vagus to medulla
Prinzmetal angina
Mean arterial pressure

7. Right to left shunts are more common in babies or kids?
During diastole
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Transposition of great vessels
Babies

8. Which valve is commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis from IV drug use and Which bacteria are most common?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

9. Which murmur is heard with VSD?
Pulse pressure
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area

10. Fatal arrhythmia
V fib
Kidney
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa

11. what percentage of HTN is secondary to renal disease?
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
10%

12. Restrictive cardiomyopathy causes
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Fick principle
Truncus - tet of fallot
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload

13. delta wave on ECG - accesory conduction pathway from atria to ventricles - reentry leading to supraventricular tachycardia
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Fick principle
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg

14. PCWP is an estimate of...
Left atrial pressure
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Vagus to medulla
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity

15. What is the early and late lesion in rheumatic heart disease
Mitral valve prolapse
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Kids
ASD

16. How does angiotensin II raise MAP
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Vasocxn
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Temporal arteritis

17. pulmonary veins drain into right heart circulation (SVC - coronary sinus)
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
Activated histiocytes
Volatage gated Ca channels
TAPVR

18. What is the progression of atherosclerosis?
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Mean arterial pressure
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas

19. Which artery supplies the SA and AV nodes?
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Torsades de pointes
Mitral valve
RCA

20. Weak pulses - notching of the ribs on xray - HTN in upper extremeties and weak peripheral pulses
Persistant truncus arteriosus
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Adult type aortic coarctation

21. In an EKG - What is the T wave?
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Kawasaki
Ventricular repolarization
Mitral and tricuspid closure

22. EDV is also known as
Preload
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy

23. What happens in phase 0 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Black > white > asian
Non

24. machine murmer
Activated histiocytes
Hyperlipidemia
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
PDA

25. Which area of the endocardium is especially vulnerable to infarction? Why?
Transposition of great vessels
Vasocxn
Dilation
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure

26. which ethnic groups have higher association with HTN?
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Black > white > asian
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap

27. In what disease states is blood viscosity increased?
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
MAP
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
During diastole

28. How does digitatlis increase contractility?
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Persistant truncus arteriosus
At least 55%
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope

29. What are the four most common locations for atherosclerosis?
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Turners

30. What are the different etiologies of dialted cardiomyopathy
Hematocrit
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy

31. What does TAPVR stand for
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Myxoma

32. What causes the ejection click in the Cres - decres murmur?
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Increase - increase the chance the If are open

33. What does an isoelectric ST segment indicate?
Ventricles are depolarized
Myxoma
Gap junctions
CO

34. immune mediated transmural vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis - small and medium vessels - renal and viscera - not pulm arteries - hep B seropos in 30% of pts
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Polyarteritis nodosum
Fick principle
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve

35. What is the most common cause of right heart failure
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Kawasaki
Left heart failure

36. benign - painful - red - blue tumor under fingernails from smooth muscle cells
Glomus tumor
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Troponin I
Persistant truncus arteriosus

37. What causes aortic stenosis
MI
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve

38. Which valve is most commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis?
Transposition of great vessels
Mitral valve
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Takayasu's arteritis

39. In a lateral wall infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
LCX - I - aVL
CFX
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Liver

40. Most common vasculitis affecting medium and large arteries
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Temporal arteritis
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
At least 55%

41. Inspiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds?
Libman - sacks endocarditis
S. bovis
Right sided
Liver

42. which medications are used to maintain patency or close the ductus arteriosus?
LAD
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open

43. Which vessels account for the most total peripheral resistance
Arteriorles
Fick principle
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Can progess to V fib

44. Which murmur is characteristic of mitral/tricuspid regurg?
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Increase contractility
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
Holosystoiic

45. congenital heart defect with 22q11
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Truncus - tet of fallot
In RA return (inspiration)
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup

46. How do catecholamines increase contractility?
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Torsades de pointes

47. When and why is the S3 sound heard?
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen

48. in the JVP - What is the v wave?
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Mitral valve prolapse
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli

49. What are tendinous xanthoma - atheromas - and corneal arcus signs of?
Hyperlipidemia
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence

50. PCWP > LV diastolic pressure
Increase contractility
Mitral stenosis
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Rhabdomyomas