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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. How does a patient with Tet of fallot learn to improve symptoms?
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
In HF
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
2. On the cardiac cycle graph - on which corners do the opening and closing of the aortic and mitral valves occur?
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
3. L to R shunt becomes R to L due to increase pulm pressures from original congenital heart defect
4. Why is there edema after burns or during infection
10%
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
5. in the JVP - What is the a wave?
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Viridans streptococci
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Atrial contraction
6. Which channel accounts for automaticity of the SA and AV nodes?
In series
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Atherosclerosis
If sodium channel
7. congenital heart defect with congenital rubella
Viridans streptococci
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
ASD
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
8. PCWP > LV diastolic pressure
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Mitral stenosis
Vasocxn
Cardiac tamponde
9. In an inferior wall infarct - which artery is affected and which leads show Q waves
RCA - II - III - aVF
MI
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
7 weeks
10. fibrinous pericarditis several weeks post MI
11. What does HTN predispose to?
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
Torsades de pointes
12. Wegener's tx
Subendocardial
Fluid movement through capillaries
SV/ EDV
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
13. The cause of dyspnea on exertion?
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
C - ANCA
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Hyperlipidemia
14. What does T wave inversion indicated?
Gap junctions
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
MI
Increase contractility
15. Which bacteria causes endocarditis in the presence of colon cancer
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Transposition of great vessels
Temporal arteritis
S. bovis
16. When do you find hemosiderin laden macrophages in the lungs?
In parallel
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Increase in Pc
SA and AV nodes
17. disruption of the vasa vasorum of aorta - dilation of aorta and valve ring - tree bark appearance (calcifications on aortic root)
Turners
SA and AV nodes
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
18. What is the S2 sound?
Vagus to medulla
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
19. What do the carotid and aortic bodies respond to?
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
During diastole
No
20. In an acute MI - are there any visible changes via LM in the first 2-4 hours
Mitral valve
Strawberry hemangioma
Transmural
No
21. How are cadiac myocytes eltrically coupled?
Gap junctions
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Babies
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
22. When during cardiac nodal cells depolarize?
During diastole
Resting potential high K perm
PDA
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
23. Why is contractility decreased in heart failure?
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
Systolic dysfunction
Transfusion
24. What is the cushing triad?
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Isovolumetric contraction
25. Which murmur is heard with mitral prolapse?
Inc blood volume
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
RV failure - in venous pressure
26. What do patients die early from in rheumatic heart disease?
Hemorrhage
Early deaths from myocarditis
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
27. What is the association with wide S2 splitting?
Libman - sacks endocarditis
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
28. What causes the murmur heard in MR to enhance?
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Viridans streptococci
Liver
29. retrosternal chest main with exertion - ST depression on ECG - likely due atherosclerosis
...
LAD
Stable angina
Subendocardial
30. What 4 things drive myocardial 02 demand?
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
Dilation
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
31. What does an isoelectric ST segment indicate?
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
At least 55%
Ventricles are depolarized
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
32. clinical signs of cardiac tamponade
7 weeks
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
33. Where does coronary artery occlusion occur most commonly?
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Fick principle
Transposition of great vessels
LAD
34. What causes ankle - sacral edema - jugular venous distention
C - ANCA
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
S. epidermidis
RV failure - in venous pressure
35. skin rash on buttocks and legs - arthralgia - intestinal hemorrhage - abdominal pain - melena. Follows URI - IgA immune complex - most common childhood systemic vasculitis
Fluid movement through capillaries
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
36. pulseless disease - granulomatous thickening of the aortic arch and/or proximal great vessels - elev ESR - asian females > 40
37. What stimulates release of calcium from the SR?
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
Inc blood volume
Transposition of great vessels
38. In an EKG - What is the QT interval?
Rhabdomyomas
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
Angiosarcoma
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
39. What is association with fixed S2 splitting - does not increase with inspiration
LCX - V4- V6
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
ASD
40. Which valve is commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis from IV drug use and Which bacteria are most common?
41. In an EKG - What is the p wave?
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Atrial contraction
Right sided
42. What is the gold standard for dx of MI in the first 6 hours
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
Mean arterial pressure
EKG
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
43. What kind of dysfunction ensues in restrictive cardiomyopathy
Kids
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Diastolic
10%
44. What is the formula for EF?
Kids
...
SV/ EDV
MI
45. Irregularly irregular ECG - no p waves: dx and treatment
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Dec plasma proteins
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
46. What does the starling curve show?
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Changes in CO as a function of preload
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
47. Exercise - overtransfusiion and excitiment causes and increase in...?
Mean arterial pressure
Preload
V fib
Mitral valve prolapse
48. what happens to capillaries in lymphatic blockage
Arteriorles
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
49. The cause of cardiac dilation?
Resting potential high K perm
Greater ventricular EDV
1st degree AV blodck
Activated histiocytes
50. EDV - ESV
Stroke volume
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
CK- MB
...