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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Which enzymes are useful for diagnosing reinfarction
CK- MB
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Ventricular repolarization
LAD
2. What is the classic X ray finding for tet of fallot?
Kawasaki
Boot shaped heart
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
3. EDV - ESV
Stroke volume
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Increase in Pc
4. What is the time frame for arrhythmia risk in the evolution of MI
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Polyarteritis nodosum
Glomus tumor
The first 4 days
5. How are sarcomeres added in concentric hypertrophy?
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
Fick principle
In parallel
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
6. Which organ gets the largest share of systemic cardiac output
Dressler's - autoimmune
Liver
In parallel
7 weeks
7. What does autoregulation do?
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
LAD - V1 - V4
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
8. Which class of drugs decrease preload
No - no pressure gradient
ASD
Glomus tumor
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
9. most common heart tumor
Vagus to medulla
Hematocrit
Volatage gated Ca channels
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
10. serum marker for wegener's
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
EKG
C - ANCA
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
11. Which sympathetic receptors raise MAP
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Fast volatge gated Na channels
The operating point of the heart
12. tearing chest pain radiation to the back - associated with marfan
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Atrial contraction
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
13. When do you see extensive coagulative necrosis in an MI
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Cystic hygroma
Liver
14. Which artery supplies the SA and AV nodes?
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
RCA
MAP
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
15. What causes the ejection click in the Cres - decres murmur?
RV failure - in venous pressure
Diastolic
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
16. Which channel accounts for automaticity of the SA and AV nodes?
Decreased
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
If sodium channel
17. cavernous lymphangioma of the neck - associated with turner's
Babies
Cystic hygroma
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
18. SV CAP means?
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Holosystoiic
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
19. necrotizing granulomas in lung and upper airways - nectrotizing GN - small vessel vasculitis
20. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the right?
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Transfusion
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
LCX - V4- V6
21. In the evolution of an MI - when the risk for free wall rupture - tamponade - papillary muscle rupture - or interventricular septal rupture the hightest? Why?
Black > white > asian
Increase in Pc
V fib
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
22. What does prolonged QT predispose to?
Strawberry hemangioma
Hemorrhage
Torsades de pointes
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
23. What causes the early cyanosis in Tet of Fallot?
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Right sided
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Eisenmenger's syndrome
24. fibrous plaques and atheromas in intima of arteries
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
SV/ EDV
In HF
Atherosclerosis
25. When does extracellular calcium enter the cardiac muscle cells during contraction?
The plateau period
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Viridans streptococci
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
26. The 7 complications of MI
27. most common primary cardiac tumor in children - associated with tuberous sclerosis
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Rhabdomyomas
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
28. thrombosis w/o necrosis - ST elevation - worsening chest pain at rest or with minimal exertion
Unstable/crescendo angina
Ventricles are depolarized
Systolic dysfunction
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
29. What kind of dysfunction ensues in restrictive cardiomyopathy
Adult type aortic coarctation
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Torsades de pointes
Diastolic
30. skin rash on buttocks and legs - arthralgia - intestinal hemorrhage - abdominal pain - melena. Follows URI - IgA immune complex - most common childhood systemic vasculitis
Subendocardial
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
31. pulmonary veins drain into right heart circulation (SVC - coronary sinus)
TAPVR
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Stable angina
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
32. What are the complications from bacterial endocarditis?
ANP
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Viridans streptococci
Dressler's - autoimmune
33. PROVe
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
The first 4 days
Can progess to V fib
34. What are common causes of mitral regurg?
Decrease in cAMP
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
35. Do dihydropyridine or non - dihyrdropyridine Ca channel blockers decrease contractility
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
V fib
Non
Greater ventricular EDV
36. In an EKG - What is the QRS complex?
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Preload
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
37. most common primary cardiac tumor in adults - ball - valve obstruction in left atrium
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
RCA
CO
Myxoma
38. What is sudden cardiac death most commonly due to...
V fib arrhythima
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Diastolic
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
39. no relation between p waves and QRS intervals - treatment and predisposing factor
Can progess to V fib
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
RCA - II - III - aVF
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
40. What causes hepatomegaly?
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
41. What is the early and late lesion in rheumatic heart disease
Mitral valve prolapse
Changes in CO as a function of preload
Transmural
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
42. Where is the most posterior portion of the heart and What can it cause?
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
V fib
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
43. Endothelial malignancy of the skin assocated with HHV-8 and HIV
44. What can cause mitral prolapse?
ANP
RV failure - in venous pressure
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
45. Which two mechanisms sense decrease MAP?
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Glomus tumor
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
46. friction rub - 3-5 days post MI
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
47. lymphatic malignancy associated with persistant lymphadema - post radical mastectomy
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
HypoK and bradycardia
Lymphangiosarcoma
48. In the cardiac cycle - which period has the highest 02 consumption?
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Isovolumetric contraction
49. Mitral stenosis is most often secondary to which condition?
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
S. epidermidis
RF
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
50. What causes the cushing reflex and why
Stroke volume
Left atrial pressure
During diastole
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia