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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In an acute MI - are there any visible changes via LM in the first 2-4 hours
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Temporal arteritis
Hematocrit
No
2. PCWP is an estimate of...
Liver
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
Preload
Left atrial pressure
3. What is the most common cause of MI
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Persistant truncus arteriosus
4. What are the complications of atherosclerosis?
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Early deaths from myocarditis
Non
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
5. Why is contractility decreased in heart failure?
Prinzmetal angina
Cystic hygroma
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Systolic dysfunction
6. Equilibration of diastolic pressures in all 4 chambers - decreased CO from compression of heart by fluid in pericardium
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Cardiac tamponde
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Decrease in cAMP
7. What is the machine like murmur? What is the heart pathology and the predisposing causes
Arteriorles
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
8. What does the U wave indicated?
ANP
Atrial contraction
HypoK and bradycardia
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
9. What does increasing intracellular Ca do?
Increase contractility
Transmural
In HF
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
10. What is the S1 sound?
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Prinzmetal angina
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
11. Why is there edema after burns or during infection
V fib
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
12. In an anteroseptal infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
LAD - V1- V2
Decreases
13. Central chemoreceptors do not respond directly to which parameter?
P02
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Glomus tumor
Greater ventricular EDV
14. Which vessels account for the most total peripheral resistance
Black > white > asian
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Arteriorles
15. benign capillary skin papules in AIDS patients mistaken for kaposi sarcoma - caused by bartonella henselae
...
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Fast volatge gated Na channels
Buerger's disease
16. Do you see elevaged ASO titers in rheumatic heart disease
Yes
PDA
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
17. rate of 02 consumption/ arterial 02 - venous 02 ccontent=CO
RCA - II - III - aVF
Decrease in cAMP
Inc blood volume
Fick principle
18. lymphatic malignancy associated with persistant lymphadema - post radical mastectomy
Lymphangiosarcoma
Hemorrhage
Glomus tumor
At least 55%
19. The aortic arch receptors transmit along which nerve?
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Holosystoiic
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Vagus to medulla
20. What 4 things drive myocardial 02 demand?
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Decreases
Angiosarcoma
Increase contractility
21. fibrous plaques and atheromas in intima of arteries
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
7 weeks
Atherosclerosis
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
22. Which artery supplies the SA and AV nodes?
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
RCA
Right sided
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
23. necrotizing granulomas in lung and upper airways - nectrotizing GN - small vessel vasculitis
24. Restrictive cardiomyopathy causes
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
RCA - II - III - aVF
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
25. EDV is also known as
Hyperlipidemia
Preload
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
26. Which area of the endocardium is especially vulnerable to infarction? Why?
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
V fib arrhythima
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
27. SV CAP means?
Aortic insuffic - late
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
28. What causes ankle - sacral edema - jugular venous distention
LCX - I - aVL
RV failure - in venous pressure
Cherry hemangioma
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
29. failure of truncus arteriosus to divide?
P02
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Cardiac tamponde
30. Where are pacemaker cells?
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
SA and AV nodes
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Lymphangiosarcoma
31. Which channel accounts for automaticity of the SA and AV nodes?
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
If sodium channel
Mitral and tricuspid closure
RF
32. Which bacteria can cause endocarditis from prosthetic valves?
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Boot shaped heart
S. epidermidis
P02
33. S3 - dilated heart on US - balloon appearance on CXR - eccentric hypertrophy
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
34. coronary artery spasm - ST elevation
Fluid movement through capillaries
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Prinzmetal angina
Stroke volume
35. Where does coronary artery occlusion occur most commonly?
Arteriorles
Fick principle
LAD
Gap junctions
36. what percentage of HTN is secondary to renal disease?
10%
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Wegener's
Infective endocarditis
37. list the coronary vessels most likely to be occluded
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Aortic and pulmonary closing
38. What causes aortic regurg
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
39. What does HTN predispose to?
CO
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
40. Wegener's presentation
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Kawasaki
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Pulse pressure
41. What kind of dysfunction ensues in restrictive cardiomyopathy
Dilation
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Diastolic
42. What does T wave inversion indicated?
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Atrial contraction
MI
In series
43. When does EF decrease
In HF
Decreased
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Greater ventricular EDV
44. How does aldosterone raise MAP
Preload
Right sided
Inc blood volume
The operating point of the heart
45. Inspiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds?
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Inc blood volume
Right sided
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
46. In normal S2 splitting - which valve closes first? What increases it?
Subendocardial
Hemorrhage
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Viridans streptococci
47. sudden death in young atheletes - S4 - apical impulses - outflow obstruction
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Lymphangiosarcoma
CHF
48. What does FROM JANE stand for in bacterial endocarditis?
49. What are the 5 T's of cyanoitc babies
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
50. Does blood flow across the actual ASD account for abnormal heart sounds? What is the reason?
Mean arterial pressure
Changes in CO as a function of preload
Kids
No - no pressure gradient