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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. sudden death in young atheletes - S4 - apical impulses - outflow obstruction
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
RF
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
2. congenital heart defect withdown syndrome
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
3. Irregularly irregular ECG - no p waves: dx and treatment
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
LAD > RCA > circumflex
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
4. When does extracellular calcium enter the cardiac muscle cells during contraction?
Cardiac tamponde
Mitral valve
The plateau period
Viridans streptococci
5. What does autoregulation do?
Troponin I
Transfusion
Cardiac tamponde
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
6. How does angiotensin II raise MAP
Vasodilators
Decreases
Vasocxn
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
7. In normal S2 splitting - which valve closes first? What increases it?
Aortic and pulmonary closing
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Resting potential high K perm
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
8. no relation between p waves and QRS intervals - treatment and predisposing factor
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Temporal arteritis
Vagus to medulla
9. disruption of the vasa vasorum of aorta - dilation of aorta and valve ring - tree bark appearance (calcifications on aortic root)
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
CHF
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
10. Do you see elevaged ASO titers in rheumatic heart disease
Yes
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
11. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by Ach or adenosine?
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Decreases
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
12. benign cap hemangioma of infancy - spont regresses
Increase in Pc
Strawberry hemangioma
Liver
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
13. What does mitral prolapse predeispose to?
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Transposition of great vessels
Polyarteritis nodosum
Infective endocarditis
14. bening capillary hemangioma of elderly - does not regress
LCX - V4- V6
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
Kids
Cherry hemangioma
15. What does increasing intracellular Ca do?
Hematocrit
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Increase contractility
Changes in CO as a function of preload
16. Most common vasculitis affecting medium and large arteries
The operating point of the heart
Subendocardial
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Temporal arteritis
17. port wine stains on face - intracerebral AVM - siezures - early onset glaucoma - congenital
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Eisenmenger's syndrome
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
MI
18. What cardiac change occurs in pregnancy?
LCX - V4- V6
Increased SV
Mitral valve prolapse
Fast volatge gated Na channels
19. Does blood flow across the actual ASD account for abnormal heart sounds? What is the reason?
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
No - no pressure gradient
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
20. Unilateral headache - jaw claudication - impaired vision
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
CHF
21. In an anterolateral infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
ASD
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
At least 55%
LCX - V4- V6
22. Which bacteria can cause endocarditis from prosthetic valves?
S. epidermidis
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Greater ventricular EDV
23. What is the cushing triad?
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Black > white > asian
PDA
24. Which organ has the largest arteriovenous difference
Activated histiocytes
Atherosclerosis
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
25. necrotizing granulomas in lung and upper airways - nectrotizing GN - small vessel vasculitis
26. polypoid capillary hemangioma that can ulcerate and bleed
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
V fib arrhythima
Inc Kf - capillary perm
27. What is sudden cardiac death most commonly due to...
V fib arrhythima
Increase in Pc
Mitral valve
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
28. in the JVP - What is the c wave?
Diastolic
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
29. list the coronary vessels most likely to be occluded
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Kawasaki
LAD > RCA > circumflex
30. MAP is also known as
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
S. epidermidis
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
1st degree AV blodck
31. retrosternal chest main with exertion - ST depression on ECG - likely due atherosclerosis
MAP
Resting potential high K perm
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Stable angina
32. What are tendinous xanthoma - atheromas - and corneal arcus signs of?
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Hyperlipidemia
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Glomus tumor
33. What happens in phase 3 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
SV/ EDV
Hemorrhage
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
34. Which class of drugs decrease preload
Ventricles are depolarized
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Kids
35. Which lab value indicates blood viscosity?
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Granuloma with giant cells
Hematocrit
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
36. Which sympathetic receptors raise MAP
Hyperlipidemia
Hematocrit
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
37. The carotid sinus transmits along which nerve?
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
Cardiac tamponde
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
38. What does the starling curve show?
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Yes
Changes in CO as a function of preload
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
39. What can cause mitral prolapse?
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Changes in CO as a function of preload
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
40. What causes tet of fallot?
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Hyperlipidemia
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
41. Which valve is commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis from IV drug use and Which bacteria are most common?
42. p - anca
43. Which bacteria causes rheumatic heart disease
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Infective endocarditis
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
44. Equilibration of diastolic pressures in all 4 chambers - decreased CO from compression of heart by fluid in pericardium
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Cardiac tamponde
Increase contractility
10%
45. Mitral stenosis is most often secondary to which condition?
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Takayasu's arteritis
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
RF
46. In the cardiac cycle - which period has the highest 02 consumption?
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Isovolumetric contraction
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
47. When is the scar completely formed in an MI?
Hematocrit
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
7 weeks
PDA
48. What is the difference between adult and infantile type aortic coarctation?
Increased SV
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Systolic dysfunction
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
49. What are the different etiologies of dialted cardiomyopathy
Torsades de pointes
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
ASD
Unstable/crescendo angina
50. acute - self limiting necrotizing vasculitis in children associated with fever - conjunctivitis - strawberry tongue - desquamatous skin rash - lymphadenitis - coronary sinus aneurysms. Seen in asians
Wegener's
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Kawasaki
1st degree AV blodck