Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. When and why do you hear the S4 sound
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus

2. in the JVP - What is the a wave?
Mean arterial pressure
Atrial contraction
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
V fib arrhythima

3. in the JVP - What is the c wave?
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
The operating point of the heart
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium

4. fibrous plaques and atheromas in intima of arteries
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Atherosclerosis
QRS complex
Right sided

5. Which murmur is heard with VSD?
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Increased SV
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy

6. In the cardiac cycle - which period has the highest 02 consumption?
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Isovolumetric contraction
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA

7. Do you see elevaged ASO titers in rheumatic heart disease
Yes
SA and AV nodes
Angiosarcoma
Stroke volume

8. in the JVP - What is the v wave?
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
C - ANCA
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -

9. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the left?
Temporal arteritis
No
Hemorrhage
S. aureus

10. What is the machine like murmur? What is the heart pathology and the predisposing causes
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise

11. In terms of starling forces - why does nephrotic syndrome or liver failure cause edems
Dec plasma proteins
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
TAPVR

12. Exercise - overtransfusiion and excitiment causes and increase in...?
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Preload
Unstable/crescendo angina

13. decrease stretch in baroreceptors leads to what response?
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
Strawberry hemangioma
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS

14. How do catecholamines increase contractility?
Left atrial pressure
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
The first 4 days

15. What other sign is often present with congenital long QT syndrome - why?
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Preload
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Apex and anterior interventricular septum

16. How do beta blockers decrease contractility?
Transposition of great vessels
Temporal arteritis
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Decrease in cAMP

17. What are anitschkow's cells
Infective endocarditis
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Activated histiocytes

18. Rank the pacemakers cells
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Increased SV
Liver

19. What happens in phase 4 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Left heart failure
Resting potential high K perm
LAD - V1- V2
Isovolumetric contraction

20. no relation between p waves and QRS intervals - treatment and predisposing factor
S. aureus
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
No - no pressure gradient

21. Which class of drugs decrease the murmur heard in aortic regurg?
Increase in Pc
Polyarteritis nodosum
Vasodilators
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen

22. The cause of pulmonary edema - paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Fluid movement through capillaries
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness

23. What is the progression of atherosclerosis?
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
Ventricles are depolarized
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling

24. What kind of dysfunction ensues in restrictive cardiomyopathy
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Mitral valve
Diastolic

25. S3 - dilated heart on US - balloon appearance on CXR - eccentric hypertrophy
Truncus - tet of fallot
CK- MB
Liver
Dilated cardiomyopathy

26. most common heart tumor
Raynaud's
At least 55%
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Inc blood volume

27. What happends in phase 1 of the ventricular cardiac action potential?
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
10%
Mean arterial pressure

28. exaggerated decrease in pulse during inspiration.

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

29. What does increasing intracellular Ca do?
Lymphangiosarcoma
Increase contractility
Inc blood volume
Decreases

30. On the cardiac cycle graph - on which corners do the opening and closing of the aortic and mitral valves occur?
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Aortic stenosis or LBBB

31. What is associated with paradoxical spliting of S2
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
S. aureus
Aortic stenosis or LBBB

32. Do dihydropyridine or non - dihyrdropyridine Ca channel blockers decrease contractility
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Stable angina
Non
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff

33. Given P = QR - what factors influence resistance?
Holosystoiic
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power

34. What happens in phase 0 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
ANP

35. In normal S2 splitting - which valve closes first? What increases it?
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
During diastole
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Group a beta hemolytic strep

36. What happens in phase 2 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
140/90
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction

37. What causes the murmur heard in tricuspid regurg to enhance
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
In RA return (inspiration)
MI

38. How are sarcomeres added in concentric hypertrophy?
Lymphangiosarcoma
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
In parallel
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload

39. What other syndrom is associated with infantile aortic coarctation
V fib arrhythima
Decreases
Gap junctions
Turners

40. In an EKG - What is the QRS complex?
Preload
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Eisenmenger's syndrome

41. What cardiac change occurs in pregnancy?
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Increased SV
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Right sided

42. PROVe
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Infective endocarditis
Increase in Pc

43. What causes orthopnea?
MI
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
Libman - sacks endocarditis
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day

44. What does HTN predispose to?
Early deaths from myocarditis
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved

45. How are cadiac myocytes eltrically coupled?
Glomus tumor
P02
Gap junctions
In parallel

46. Expiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds
Increased SV
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Left sided
140/90

47. Which organ has ht highest blood flow per gram of tissue
V fib arrhythima
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Arteriorles
Kidney

48. Central chemoreceptors do not respond directly to which parameter?
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Stable angina
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
P02

49. Which murmur is characteristic of mitral/tricuspid regurg?
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
Holosystoiic
In RA return (inspiration)
Greater ventricular EDV

50. necrotizing granulomas in lung and upper airways - nectrotizing GN - small vessel vasculitis

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183