Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. no change in PR interval followed by dropped beat
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Mitral valve prolapse


2. segmental thrombosing vasculitis of small and medium vessels in smokers with intermittent claudication - superficial nodular phlebitis - raynaud's - gangrene and severe pain - autoamputation of digits is possible

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3. Which artery supplies the SA and AV nodes?
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Systolic dysfunction
RCA
Pulse pressure


4. What is the difference between adult and infantile type aortic coarctation?
10%
In HF
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
LCX - I - aVL


5. What happends in phase 1 of the ventricular cardiac action potential?
No
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Prinzmetal angina
CK- MB


6. most common primary cardiac tumor in adults - ball - valve obstruction in left atrium
Dec plasma proteins
Myxoma
Cardiac tamponde
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction


7. Where are pacemaker cells?
CO
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
SA and AV nodes
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy


8. What is the most common cause of right heart failure
During diastole
Early deaths from myocarditis
Left heart failure
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures


9. Central chemoreceptors do not respond directly to which parameter?
P02
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
S. epidermidis
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec


10. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by catecholamines and
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
TAPVR


11. What are the systolic heart sounds
Systolic dysfunction
Vasodilators
RV failure - in venous pressure
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg


12. Fatal arrhythmia
V fib
At least 55%
Holosystoiic
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys


13. Which organ has the largest arteriovenous difference
Prinzmetal angina
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
SV/ EDV


14. What is sudden cardiac death most commonly due to...
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
V fib arrhythima
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)


15. Which organ has ht highest blood flow per gram of tissue
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
LCX - V4- V6
Kidney
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy


16. Which valve is commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis from IV drug use and Which bacteria are most common?

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17. pulseless disease - granulomatous thickening of the aortic arch and/or proximal great vessels - elev ESR - asian females > 40

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18. serum marker for wegener's
RCA - II - III - aVF
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
C - ANCA
Adult type aortic coarctation


19. which medications are used to maintain patency or close the ductus arteriosus?
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
S. epidermidis
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return


20. PCWP > LV diastolic pressure
LAD - V1- V2
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Mitral stenosis
Pulse pressure


21. 2/3 diastolic + 1/3 systolic
Subendocardial
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Activated histiocytes
MAP


22. What happens in phase 3 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
RCA - II - III - aVF
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery


23. Which enzyme rises after 4 hours and is elevated for 7 to 10 days after an MI?
EKG
Inc blood volume
S. aureus
Troponin I


24. Wegener's tx
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Arteriorles
Boot shaped heart


25. What does TAPVR stand for
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return


26. Endothelial malignancy of the skin assocated with HHV-8 and HIV

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27. In an anterior wall infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Turners
No - no pressure gradient
LAD - V1 - V4


28. What is the result of not have fast sodium channels in pacemaker cells?
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
Hyperlipidemia


29. SV CAP means?
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Left heart failure
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA


30. Which area of the endocardium is especially vulnerable to infarction? Why?
Increase contractility
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Group a beta hemolytic strep


31. Equilibration of diastolic pressures in all 4 chambers - decreased CO from compression of heart by fluid in pericardium
Cardiac tamponde
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
QRS complex
Atherosclerosis


32. Does blood flow across the actual ASD account for abnormal heart sounds? What is the reason?
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
CFX
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
No - no pressure gradient


33. Where does coronary artery occlusion occur most commonly?
V fib
In parallel
LAD
Dilation


34. MAP is also known as
During diastole
SA and AV nodes
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Mean arterial pressure


35. When do coronary arteries fill?
During diastole
Ventricles are depolarized
CK- MB
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD


36. Which class of drugs decrease the murmur heard in aortic regurg?
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Vasodilators
Atrial contraction
Prinzmetal angina


37. In an anteroseptal infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
LAD - V1- V2


38. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the left?
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Hemorrhage
Volatage gated Ca channels


39. How does aldosterone raise MAP
Inc blood volume
Increased SV
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec


40. PROVe
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium


41. How does digitatlis increase contractility?
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
ANP
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose


42. What kind of infarct show ST depression
Subendocardial
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
In HF
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy


43. Why is there edema after burns or during infection
QRS complex
Inc Kf - capillary perm
CHF
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence


44. EDV is also known as
C - ANCA
...
Liver
Preload


45. list the coronary vessels most likely to be occluded
In RA return (inspiration)
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble


46. How are cadiac myocytes eltrically coupled?
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
Fast volatge gated Na channels
Gap junctions
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open


47. In the evolution of an MI - when the risk for free wall rupture - tamponade - papillary muscle rupture - or interventricular septal rupture the hightest? Why?
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis


48. Most common vasculitis affecting medium and large arteries
Fick principle
Temporal arteritis
Left atrial pressure
Vasodilators


49. The 7 complications of MI

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50. How does acidosis affect contractility?
Decreased
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Activated histiocytes
Rhabdomyomas