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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. How are sarcomeres added in concentric hypertrophy?
LAD > RCA > circumflex
In parallel
Isovolumetric contraction
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
2. How does angiotensin II raise MAP
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
Atrial contraction
Vasocxn
3. progressive lengthening of PR until beat is dropped - a p wave not followed by QRS
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Non
MI
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
4. EDV is also known as
Preload
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
5. no change in PR interval followed by dropped beat
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Kids
C - ANCA
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
6. What causes the ejection click in the Cres - decres murmur?
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Truncus - tet of fallot
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
7. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the left?
Activated histiocytes
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Right sided
Hemorrhage
8. Why is there edema after burns or during infection
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Preload
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
9. What is the early and late lesion in rheumatic heart disease
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Mitral valve prolapse
In HF
10. fibrous plaques and atheromas in intima of arteries
Arteriorles
Atherosclerosis
RCA
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
11. When during cardiac nodal cells depolarize?
During diastole
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Systolic dysfunction
ANP
12. delta wave on ECG - accesory conduction pathway from atria to ventricles - reentry leading to supraventricular tachycardia
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
13. no relation between p waves and QRS intervals - treatment and predisposing factor
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
1st degree AV blodck
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
14. How do catecholamines increase contractility?
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Yes
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
15. immune mediated transmural vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis - small and medium vessels - renal and viscera - not pulm arteries - hep B seropos in 30% of pts
In series
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
During diastole
Polyarteritis nodosum
16. What causes the CO curve to shift upwards?
Pos inotropy - exercise
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Transmural
17. in the JVP - What is the c wave?
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Wegener's
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
18. What is the association with wide S2 splitting?
Preload
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
At least 55%
19. What causes orthopnea?
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
Left sided
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Viridans streptococci
20. congenital heart defect in an infant with a diabetic mother?
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Vasodilators
CHF
Transposition of great vessels
21. stroke volume x HR =?
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
CO
P02
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
22. What does FROM JANE stand for in bacterial endocarditis?
23. Right to left shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Babies
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Decreases
24. What do the starling forces determine
LCX - V4- V6
Fluid movement through capillaries
C - ANCA
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
25. How do beta blockers decrease contractility?
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Decrease in cAMP
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
26. What are the four most common locations for atherosclerosis?
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
The plateau period
27. 2/3 diastolic + 1/3 systolic
No
Mitral and tricuspid closure
MAP
Buerger's disease
28. How does digitatlis increase contractility?
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
No - no pressure gradient
HypoK and bradycardia
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
29. What are aschoff bodies
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Preload
Granuloma with giant cells
S. epidermidis
30. What is the most common cause of MI
QRS complex
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Mitral valve
31. In the cardiac cycle - which period has the highest 02 consumption?
Raynaud's
Isovolumetric contraction
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Strawberry hemangioma
32. How are cadiac myocytes eltrically coupled?
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Gap junctions
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Troponin I
33. Which organ has ht highest blood flow per gram of tissue
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
Kidney
Subendocardial
Prinzmetal angina
34. What does FAN MY SKIN On Wednesday stand for?
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
S. bovis
Activated histiocytes
35. What is the cushing triad?
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
36. Which organ gets the largest share of systemic cardiac output
Liver
No - no pressure gradient
Myxoma
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
37. What is a normal EF
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
At least 55%
Mean arterial pressure
38. machine murmer
Increased SV
Inc blood volume
Kids
PDA
39. benign - painful - red - blue tumor under fingernails from smooth muscle cells
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Glomus tumor
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
40. sawtooth wave
41. Why is contractility decreased in heart failure?
Pos inotropy - exercise
RV failure - in venous pressure
Systolic dysfunction
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
42. What happens with a decrease of extracellular Na
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Torsades de pointes
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
43. What constitues the upstroke in pacemaker cells?
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Volatage gated Ca channels
RV failure - in venous pressure
Rhabdomyomas
44. What does the starling curve show?
Changes in CO as a function of preload
Left sided
Stable angina
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
45. In terms of starling forces - why does heart failure cause edema?
Increase in Pc
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
RV failure - in venous pressure
C - ANCA
46. When is the scar completely formed in an MI?
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
LCX - I - aVL
CK- MB
7 weeks
47. The cause of pulmonary edema - paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Rhabdomyomas
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
48. What is the characteristic pulse in aortic stenosis?
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
Gap junctions
Temporal arteritis
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
49. Fatal arrhythmia
Hematocrit
V fib
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
C - ANCA
50. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by Ach or adenosine?
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Decreases
Isovolumetric contraction
Transposition of great vessels