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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. congenital heart defect with congenital rubella
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
CFX
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
2. which ethnic groups have higher association with HTN?
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
Increase contractility
Atrial contraction
Black > white > asian
3. What does the atria release in response to inc blood volume and atrial pressure
ANP
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
4. What does mitral prolapse predeispose to?
Infective endocarditis
Black > white > asian
Turners
Lymphangiosarcoma
5. Left to right shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Kids
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
6. progressive lengthening of PR until beat is dropped - a p wave not followed by QRS
MI
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Activated histiocytes
7. disease of elastic arteries and large and medium sized muscular arteries
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Wegener's
Coarcation of aorta
Atherosclerosis
8. What causes the CO curve to shift upwards?
Temporal arteritis
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
Pos inotropy - exercise
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
9. in the JVP - What is the a wave?
In HF
In series
Dressler's - autoimmune
Atrial contraction
10. Which bacteria can cause endocarditis from prosthetic valves?
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
LCX - V4- V6
S. epidermidis
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
11. How are sarcomeres added in concentric hypertrophy?
CHF
EKG
In parallel
Atherosclerosis
12. benign cap hemangioma of infancy - spont regresses
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Strawberry hemangioma
Wegener's
13. most common primary cardiac tumor in children - associated with tuberous sclerosis
Rhabdomyomas
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Fluid movement through capillaries
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
14. What causes the cushing reflex and why
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Liver
15. retrosternal chest main with exertion - ST depression on ECG - likely due atherosclerosis
No
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Pulse pressure
Stable angina
16. Equilibration of diastolic pressures in all 4 chambers - decreased CO from compression of heart by fluid in pericardium
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Cardiac tamponde
Isovolumetric contraction
Left heart failure
17. decrease stretch in baroreceptors leads to what response?
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
Hemorrhage
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
18. What is the difference between adult and infantile type aortic coarctation?
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Buerger's disease
19. PCWP is an estimate of...
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Left atrial pressure
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Inc blood volume
20. Which two mechanisms sense decrease MAP?
Troponin I
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Increase contractility
21. What kind of dysfunction ensues in restrictive cardiomyopathy
7 weeks
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Diastolic
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
22. What does hypoxia cause in the lung versus other tissues?
Viridans streptococci
Takayasu's arteritis
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
23. Rank the pacemakers cells
C - ANCA
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
24. Do dihydropyridine or non - dihyrdropyridine Ca channel blockers decrease contractility
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Non
Troponin I
MI
25. What does prolonged QT predispose to?
S. epidermidis
Torsades de pointes
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Cardiac tamponde
26. CO x Total peripheral resistance
Mean arterial pressure
Ventricular repolarization
Inc blood volume
Greater ventricular EDV
27. immune mediated transmural vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis - small and medium vessels - renal and viscera - not pulm arteries - hep B seropos in 30% of pts
LAD - V1- V2
Glomus tumor
Takayasu's arteritis
Polyarteritis nodosum
28. sudden death in young atheletes - S4 - apical impulses - outflow obstruction
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Eisenmenger's syndrome
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
29. What happens in phase 4 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Preload
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Resting potential high K perm
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
30. Which enzymes are useful for diagnosing reinfarction
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Dressler's - autoimmune
CK- MB
ANP
31. Which vessels account for the most total peripheral resistance
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Arteriorles
LCX - I - aVL
Activated histiocytes
32. What causes the early cyanosis in Tet of Fallot?
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Cardiac tamponde
Mean arterial pressure
33. machine murmer
PDA
No
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Atherosclerosis
34. What are the four most common locations for atherosclerosis?
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
EKG
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
C - ANCA
35. Wegener's presentation
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
CHF
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
36. Right to left shunts are more common in babies or kids?
TAPVR
Troponin I
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
Babies
37. In normal S2 splitting - which valve closes first? What increases it?
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
Rhabdomyomas
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
38. What does the LAD supply?
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
The operating point of the heart
39. In terms of starling forces - why does nephrotic syndrome or liver failure cause edems
Hyperlipidemia
Dec plasma proteins
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
40. What are anitschkow's cells
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Aortic insuffic - late
Activated histiocytes
41. PROVe
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Kaposi's sarcoma
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
42. What other congenital abnormality is necessary for life for a patient with transposition of the great vesses?
Left atrial pressure
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
If sodium channel
Buerger's disease
43. benign - painful - red - blue tumor under fingernails from smooth muscle cells
Glomus tumor
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Turners
44. What is the definition of HTN?
140/90
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
...
LAD
45. What is the classic X ray finding for tet of fallot?
LAD > RCA > circumflex
MI
Boot shaped heart
Transposition of great vessels
46. EDV is also known as
Mitral valve
Preload
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Activated histiocytes
47. What does FEVERSS stand for in rheumatic heart disease
Decreased
RCA - II - III - aVF
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
48. most common heart tumor
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
LAD
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Mitral valve
49. clinical signs of cardiac tamponade
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
At least 55%
Can progess to V fib
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
50. How does digitatlis increase contractility?
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
The plateau period
In parallel
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca