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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. what happens to capillaries in lymphatic blockage
MAP
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Atherosclerosis
HypoK and bradycardia
2. segmental thrombosing vasculitis of small and medium vessels in smokers with intermittent claudication - superficial nodular phlebitis - raynaud's - gangrene and severe pain - autoamputation of digits is possible
3. 2/3 diastolic + 1/3 systolic
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
Torsades de pointes
MAP
Holosystoiic
4. When is the scar completely formed in an MI?
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Fick principle
7 weeks
V fib arrhythima
5. in the JVP - What is the v wave?
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
RCA
6. What is the early and late lesion in rheumatic heart disease
Mitral valve prolapse
Adult type aortic coarctation
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Fick principle
7. disease of elastic arteries and large and medium sized muscular arteries
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Decrease in cAMP
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Atherosclerosis
8. decrease blood flow to the skin due to arteriolar vasospasm in cold temp - emotional stress - also in SLE and CREST
9. Which bacteria can cause endocarditis from prosthetic valves?
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
ANP
S. epidermidis
Decreases
10. What causes orthopnea?
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
Buerger's disease
140/90
Vasocxn
11. What does FEVERSS stand for in rheumatic heart disease
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Increase contractility
Preload
12. What is associated with paradoxical spliting of S2
LAD > RCA > circumflex
RF
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Inc Kf - capillary perm
13. PROVe
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
EKG
14. Equilibration of diastolic pressures in all 4 chambers - decreased CO from compression of heart by fluid in pericardium
Cardiac tamponde
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Libman - sacks endocarditis
EKG
15. What is a normal EF
Glomus tumor
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Isovolumetric contraction
At least 55%
16. in the JVP - What is the c wave?
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Kids
...
LAD - V1- V2
17. Exercise - overtransfusiion and excitiment causes and increase in...?
Inc blood volume
Preload
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
18. congenital heart defect with 22q11
Truncus - tet of fallot
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Decreased
19. What channels do the the pacemaker cells lack?
Dec plasma proteins
Stable angina
Preload
Fast volatge gated Na channels
20. Does blood flow across the actual ASD account for abnormal heart sounds? What is the reason?
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Hematocrit
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
No - no pressure gradient
21. rate of 02 consumption/ arterial 02 - venous 02 ccontent=CO
Mitral valve prolapse
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Takayasu's arteritis
Fick principle
22. In an EKG - What is the T wave?
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
QRS complex
Ventricular repolarization
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
23. in the JVP - What is the a wave?
Changes in CO as a function of preload
In series
Atrial contraction
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
24. immune mediated transmural vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis - small and medium vessels - renal and viscera - not pulm arteries - hep B seropos in 30% of pts
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Transposition of great vessels
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Polyarteritis nodosum
25. What is the machine like murmur? What is the heart pathology and the predisposing causes
S. bovis
The plateau period
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
26. What is the characteristic pulse in aortic stenosis?
V fib
Kidney
If sodium channel
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
27. moncekberg
Atrial contraction
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
28. Endothelial malignancy of the skin assocated with HHV-8 and HIV
29. What kind of dysfunction ensues in restrictive cardiomyopathy
Glomus tumor
Granuloma with giant cells
Diastolic
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
30. What causes the ejection click in the Cres - decres murmur?
Angiosarcoma
CO
Preload
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
31. What can cause mitral prolapse?
CHF
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Angiosarcoma
Granuloma with giant cells
32. What causes hepatomegaly?
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Atrial contraction
33. Which organ gets the largest share of systemic cardiac output
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Liver
Vasocxn
34. EDV is also known as
Early deaths from myocarditis
TAPVR
Preload
The first 4 days
35. What causes tet of fallot?
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Mitral valve
36. exaggerated decrease in pulse during inspiration.
37. S3 - dilated heart on US - balloon appearance on CXR - eccentric hypertrophy
ANP
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Decreases
38. lymphatic malignancy associated with persistant lymphadema - post radical mastectomy
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
MAP
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Lymphangiosarcoma
39. Do dihydropyridine or non - dihyrdropyridine Ca channel blockers decrease contractility
Left heart failure
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
Greater ventricular EDV
Non
40. What other congenital abnormality is necessary for life for a patient with transposition of the great vesses?
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
41. absecnce of tricuspid valve - hypoplastic RV
During diastole
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
42. Which enzymes are useful for diagnosing reinfarction
CK- MB
Babies
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
43. What are the complications from bacterial endocarditis?
Dilation
No - no pressure gradient
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
44. Most common vasculitis affecting medium and large arteries
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
CO
Truncus - tet of fallot
Temporal arteritis
45. what conditions are associated with pulsus paradoxus
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Stable angina
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
46. What causes aortic stenosis
140/90
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
Dressler's - autoimmune
47. What are the complications of atherosclerosis?
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
48. Why is contractility decreased in heart failure?
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Systolic dysfunction
Group a beta hemolytic strep
49. The aortic arch receptors transmit along which nerve?
Vagus to medulla
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
During diastole
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
50. sawtooth wave