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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. wartiike - sterile vegetations occur on both sides of the valve - commonly causes mitral regurg. SLE causes it
Libman - sacks endocarditis
ASD
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
2. exaggerated decrease in pulse during inspiration.
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3. Wegener's tx
Hemorrhage
Fluid movement through capillaries
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
4. Fatal arrhythmia
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
V fib
Mitral valve prolapse
Infective endocarditis
5. rate of 02 consumption/ arterial 02 - venous 02 ccontent=CO
RF
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Mitral valve
Fick principle
6. What causes the CO curve to shift downwards?
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
7. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by Ach or adenosine?
Troponin I
Preload
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Decreases
8. In an EKG - What is the T wave?
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Fluid movement through capillaries
Ventricular repolarization
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
9. What does autoregulation do?
Atherosclerosis
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
LAD - V1 - V4
10. What does the starling curve show?
Subendocardial
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Changes in CO as a function of preload
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
11. In an EKG - What is the QT interval?
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
QRS complex
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
12. Which artery supplies the SA and AV nodes?
Left sided
RCA
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
13. S3 - dilated heart on US - balloon appearance on CXR - eccentric hypertrophy
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Vasodilators
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
14. Where is the most posterior portion of the heart and What can it cause?
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Kids
Mitral stenosis
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
15. Where does coronary artery occlusion occur most commonly?
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Liver
LAD
Buerger's disease
16. which heart valves are afected most in rheumatic heart diseease
Pos inotropy - exercise
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Can progess to V fib
17. Right to left shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Babies
In RA return (inspiration)
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
18. Weak pulses - notching of the ribs on xray - HTN in upper extremeties and weak peripheral pulses
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Adult type aortic coarctation
Greater ventricular EDV
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
19. tearing chest pain radiation to the back - associated with marfan
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Aortic insuffic - late
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
20. PCWP > LV diastolic pressure
Mitral stenosis
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Left sided
21. Equilibration of diastolic pressures in all 4 chambers - decreased CO from compression of heart by fluid in pericardium
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
Cardiac tamponde
No
Hemorrhage
22. In the cardiac cycle - which period has the highest 02 consumption?
Black > white > asian
Atherosclerosis
Mitral valve prolapse
Isovolumetric contraction
23. What does T wave inversion indicated?
Pos inotropy - exercise
MI
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
24. What murmur is heard with aortic regurg?
Systolic dysfunction
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Yes
25. The cause of pulmonary edema - paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
MAP
Takayasu's arteritis
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
26. L to R shunt becomes R to L due to increase pulm pressures from original congenital heart defect
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27. coronary artery spasm - ST elevation
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Prinzmetal angina
C - ANCA
28. Expiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Left sided
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
29. What is the S1 sound?
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
30. What does the U wave indicated?
C - ANCA
Kids
HypoK and bradycardia
Atherosclerosis
31. congenital heart defect withdown syndrome
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Transposition of great vessels
CFX
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
32. Which enzymes are useful for diagnosing reinfarction
1st degree AV blodck
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
CK- MB
33. congenital heart defect with marfan's
Cystic hygroma
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
CO
Aortic insuffic - late
34. in the JVP - What is the a wave?
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Strawberry hemangioma
S. aureus
Atrial contraction
35. 2/3 diastolic + 1/3 systolic
Resting potential high K perm
MAP
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
36. What is the most common cause of right heart failure
Left heart failure
During diastole
Wegener's
S. bovis
37. Which class of drugs decrease the murmur heard in aortic regurg?
Vasodilators
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Kaposi's sarcoma
Transposition of great vessels
38. congenital heart defect with congenital rubella
140/90
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
39. congenital heart defect with 22q11
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Truncus - tet of fallot
LCX - I - aVL
40. lymphatic malignancy associated with persistant lymphadema - post radical mastectomy
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Lymphangiosarcoma
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
41. In an inferior wall infarct - which artery is affected and which leads show Q waves
RCA - II - III - aVF
Torsades de pointes
Strawberry hemangioma
In HF
42. smaller vegetations - congenitally abnormal or diseased valves - sequela of dental procedures. Insidious onset
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Viridans streptococci
43. dilated tortous veins due to chronically inc venous pressure - poor wound healing - varicose ulcers
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Dec plasma proteins
Unstable/crescendo angina
44. In an EKG - What is the p wave?
ANP
Fick principle
Atrial contraction
The plateau period
45. When and why is the S3 sound heard?
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Fast volatge gated Na channels
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
46. machine murmer
Resting potential high K perm
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
PDA
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
47. When do you see extensive coagulative necrosis in an MI
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Pulse pressure
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
48. Which murmur do you hear in mitral stenosis?
Volatage gated Ca channels
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
140/90
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
49. Which murmur is heard with VSD?
Resting potential high K perm
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
50. What are anitschkow's cells
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Activated histiocytes
Black > white > asian