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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What does hypoxia cause in the lung versus other tissues?
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Kids
Systolic dysfunction
2. What are tendinous xanthoma - atheromas - and corneal arcus signs of?
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Hyperlipidemia
Cardiac tamponde
Kaposi's sarcoma
3. most common heart tumor
Mitral valve prolapse
Early deaths from myocarditis
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
4. pulseless disease - granulomatous thickening of the aortic arch and/or proximal great vessels - elev ESR - asian females > 40
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5. What is the time frame for arrhythmia risk in the evolution of MI
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
The first 4 days
Diastolic
S. epidermidis
6. tearing chest pain radiation to the back - associated with marfan
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
RCA
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
ANP
7. 2/3 diastolic + 1/3 systolic
Polyarteritis nodosum
Subendocardial
The operating point of the heart
MAP
8. acute - self limiting necrotizing vasculitis in children associated with fever - conjunctivitis - strawberry tongue - desquamatous skin rash - lymphadenitis - coronary sinus aneurysms. Seen in asians
Kawasaki
Eisenmenger's syndrome
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
MI
9. On the cardiac cycle graph - on which corners do the opening and closing of the aortic and mitral valves occur?
Atrial contraction
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
10. What are the 5 T's of cyanoitc babies
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
11. Which enzyme rises after 4 hours and is elevated for 7 to 10 days after an MI?
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Troponin I
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
During diastole
12. What murmur is heard with aortic regurg?
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
13. What are aschoff bodies
1st degree AV blodck
Isovolumetric contraction
Granuloma with giant cells
Torsades de pointes
14. What stimulates release of calcium from the SR?
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Vagus to medulla
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
15. Unilateral headache - jaw claudication - impaired vision
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
During diastole
16. In an EKG - What is the p wave?
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
ANP
Atrial contraction
17. The carotid sinus transmits along which nerve?
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Rhabdomyomas
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Resting potential high K perm
18. serum marker for wegener's
Atrial contraction
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
C - ANCA
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
19. What channels do the the pacemaker cells lack?
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Fast volatge gated Na channels
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
ASD
20. Which vessels account for the most total peripheral resistance
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Arteriorles
Infective endocarditis
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
21. necrotizing granulomas in lung and upper airways - nectrotizing GN - small vessel vasculitis
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22. EDV is also known as
Transposition of great vessels
Inc blood volume
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
Preload
23. Where is the most posterior portion of the heart and What can it cause?
S. aureus
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
...
24. Mitral stenosis is most often secondary to which condition?
Atrial contraction
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Eisenmenger's syndrome
RF
25. Which organ has the largest arteriovenous difference
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Dilation
Myxoma
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
26. Fatal arrhythmia
RCA - II - III - aVF
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
V fib
7 weeks
27. In the cardiac cycle - which period has the highest 02 consumption?
Vasodilators
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Isovolumetric contraction
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
28. congenital heart defect with 22q11
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Fluid movement through capillaries
Pos inotropy - exercise
Truncus - tet of fallot
29. clinical signs of cardiac tamponade
Transmural
Greater ventricular EDV
Cystic hygroma
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
30. polypoid capillary hemangioma that can ulcerate and bleed
QRS complex
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
Mean arterial pressure
Left heart failure
31. What does HTN predispose to?
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Cystic hygroma
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
32. segmental thrombosing vasculitis of small and medium vessels in smokers with intermittent claudication - superficial nodular phlebitis - raynaud's - gangrene and severe pain - autoamputation of digits is possible
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33. Endothelial malignancy of the skin assocated with HHV-8 and HIV
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34. Irregularly irregular ECG - no p waves: dx and treatment
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
35. What causes the CO curve to shift downwards?
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
RCA - II - III - aVF
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
36. What are common causes of mitral regurg?
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
P02
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
37. Which enzymes are useful for diagnosing reinfarction
Atrial contraction
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Mitral valve prolapse
CK- MB
38. congenital heart defect with turner's
Coarcation of aorta
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
MI
P02
39. Which murmur do you hear in mitral stenosis?
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Right sided
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
40. What do patients die early from in rheumatic heart disease?
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
Early deaths from myocarditis
41. disruption of the vasa vasorum of aorta - dilation of aorta and valve ring - tree bark appearance (calcifications on aortic root)
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
42. What is the result of not have fast sodium channels in pacemaker cells?
RV failure - in venous pressure
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
Babies
43. What causes the CO curve to shift upwards?
Vasodilators
Pos inotropy - exercise
Viridans streptococci
1st degree AV blodck
44. skin rash on buttocks and legs - arthralgia - intestinal hemorrhage - abdominal pain - melena. Follows URI - IgA immune complex - most common childhood systemic vasculitis
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
ANP
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
45. systolic - diastolic
ANP
Pulse pressure
Wegener's
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
46. Which organ gets the largest share of systemic cardiac output
Isovolumetric contraction
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Hyperlipidemia
Liver
47. What causes tet of fallot?
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
ANP
CK- MB
48. Restrictive cardiomyopathy causes
Unstable/crescendo angina
Truncus - tet of fallot
Gap junctions
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
49. progressive lengthening of PR until beat is dropped - a p wave not followed by QRS
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
LAD
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
50. What other syndrom is associated with infantile aortic coarctation
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Mean arterial pressure
Ventricles are depolarized
Turners