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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. How does digitatlis increase contractility?
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Transfusion
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
2. machine murmer
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Volatage gated Ca channels
During diastole
PDA
3. What causes the CO curve to shift downwards?
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Pulse pressure
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
4. What are common causes of mitral regurg?
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
LCX - V4- V6
Prinzmetal angina
5. What happens in phase 4 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Angiosarcoma
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Resting potential high K perm
Preload
6. What does HTN predispose to?
Preload
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
7. What are the systolic heart sounds
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
If sodium channel
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
8. Wegener's presentation
Wegener's
Inc blood volume
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
9. Where does coronary artery occlusion occur most commonly?
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
LAD
Preload
Babies
10. The carotid sinus transmits along which nerve?
RCA - II - III - aVF
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
11. What is a normal EF
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
At least 55%
CO
12. decrease blood flow to the skin due to arteriolar vasospasm in cold temp - emotional stress - also in SLE and CREST
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13. Expiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Decrease in cAMP
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Left sided
14. bening capillary hemangioma of elderly - does not regress
Fluid movement through capillaries
Cherry hemangioma
The plateau period
Kidney
15. What does increasing intracellular Ca do?
Increase contractility
Infective endocarditis
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Yes
16. progressive lengthening of PR until beat is dropped - a p wave not followed by QRS
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
No
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
17. The cause of cardiac dilation?
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Transfusion
Greater ventricular EDV
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
18. failure of truncus arteriosus to divide?
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
19. The aortic arch receptors transmit along which nerve?
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Vagus to medulla
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
20. Inspiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds?
Right sided
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Rhabdomyomas
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
21. highly lethal malignancy of the liver - associated with vinyl chloride - arsenic - and thorosrast exposure
Greater ventricular EDV
Isovolumetric contraction
Angiosarcoma
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
22. delta wave on ECG - accesory conduction pathway from atria to ventricles - reentry leading to supraventricular tachycardia
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Preload
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
TAPVR
23. What does FEVERSS stand for in rheumatic heart disease
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
Polyarteritis nodosum
Pulse pressure
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
24. congenital heart defect with marfan's
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
Transmural
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Aortic insuffic - late
25. In an anterolateral infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
Resting potential high K perm
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
LCX - V4- V6
Gap junctions
26. Which murmur is heard with VSD?
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Dressler's - autoimmune
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
27. What can cause mitral prolapse?
Can progess to V fib
Cardiac tamponde
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
28. In a lateral wall infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
LCX - I - aVL
Mitral stenosis
Fast volatge gated Na channels
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
29. How does aldosterone raise MAP
Inc blood volume
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
LCX - V4- V6
Left sided
30. SV CAP means?
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Gap junctions
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
31. in the JVP - What is the c wave?
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
ANP
S. epidermidis
32. When and why do you hear the S4 sound
Kidney
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
33. What causes aortic regurg
Troponin I
Can progess to V fib
PDA
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
34. coronary artery spasm - ST elevation
Resting potential high K perm
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Prinzmetal angina
35. In an EKG - What is the QRS complex?
CFX
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
LCX - I - aVL
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
36. Given P = QR - what factors influence resistance?
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Fick principle
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
37. What causes ankle - sacral edema - jugular venous distention
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Gap junctions
The plateau period
RV failure - in venous pressure
38. thrombosis w/o necrosis - ST elevation - worsening chest pain at rest or with minimal exertion
Unstable/crescendo angina
Changes in CO as a function of preload
Atherosclerosis
Pos inotropy - exercise
39. Does eccentric hypertrophy or concentric hypertrophy cause systolic disfunction
10%
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Rhabdomyomas
40. What is the result of not have fast sodium channels in pacemaker cells?
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
RV failure - in venous pressure
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
C - ANCA
41. Which valve is commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis from IV drug use and Which bacteria are most common?
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42. How does angiotensin II raise MAP
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Vasocxn
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
In series
43. What are the 5 T's of cyanoitc babies
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Kids
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
44. Which artery supplies the SA and AV nodes?
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
MAP
RCA
Turners
45. What masks atrial repolarization?
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
QRS complex
...
Transfusion
46. If HR is too fast (V tach) what happens during diastole?
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
47. Which murmur do you hear in mitral stenosis?
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
48. wartiike - sterile vegetations occur on both sides of the valve - commonly causes mitral regurg. SLE causes it
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Wegener's
Eisenmenger's syndrome
49. In an acute MI - are there any visible changes via LM in the first 2-4 hours
Stable angina
Infective endocarditis
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
No
50. Which sympathetic receptors raise MAP
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Babies
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Sorry!:) No result found.
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