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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What are the diastolic heart sounds?
Ventricles are depolarized
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
MI
Hyperlipidemia
2. most common primary cardiac tumor in children - associated with tuberous sclerosis
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Rhabdomyomas
QRS complex
3. Does blood flow across the actual ASD account for abnormal heart sounds? What is the reason?
MAP
Kids
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
No - no pressure gradient
4. What is the progression of atherosclerosis?
Wegener's
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
5. Does eccentric hypertrophy or concentric hypertrophy cause systolic disfunction
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Increase in Pc
6. Which sympathetic receptors raise MAP
In series
Mitral valve prolapse
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
7. in the JVP - What is the v wave?
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Non
Transposition of great vessels
8. What do the carotid and aortic bodies respond to?
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
9. In an EKG - What is the p wave?
ANP
Atrial contraction
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
10. What constitues the upstroke in pacemaker cells?
Volatage gated Ca channels
Fluid movement through capillaries
Transmural
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
11. Which organ has the largest arteriovenous difference
Early deaths from myocarditis
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
The first 4 days
LAD
12. The cause of pulmonary edema - paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?
Buerger's disease
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
CO
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
13. Which valve is commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis from IV drug use and Which bacteria are most common?
14. Which vessels account for the most total peripheral resistance
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Arteriorles
Rhabdomyomas
15. absecnce of tricuspid valve - hypoplastic RV
No
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Holosystoiic
Truncus - tet of fallot
16. What causes the midsystolic click
Kids
Left heart failure
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
17. Which bacteria causes rheumatic heart disease
Group a beta hemolytic strep
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
SV/ EDV
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
18. Expiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds
ANP
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
LCX - V4- V6
Left sided
19. What does an isoelectric ST segment indicate?
Preload
Adult type aortic coarctation
Ventricles are depolarized
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
20. What is the formula for EF?
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
SV/ EDV
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
21. In normal S2 splitting - which valve closes first? What increases it?
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Dressler's - autoimmune
LCX - V4- V6
Polyarteritis nodosum
22. The carotid sinus transmits along which nerve?
S. epidermidis
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
SA and AV nodes
Angiosarcoma
23. Which class of drugs decreases afterload?
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
QRS complex
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
24. In an acute MI - are there any visible changes via LM in the first 2-4 hours
No
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
25. What stimulates release of calcium from the SR?
No
During diastole
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
26. congenital heart defect withdown syndrome
Stable angina
Fluid movement through capillaries
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
27. What causes ankle - sacral edema - jugular venous distention
Cherry hemangioma
Mitral stenosis
Hyperlipidemia
RV failure - in venous pressure
28. What does FROM JANE stand for in bacterial endocarditis?
29. what percentage of HTN is secondary to renal disease?
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
10%
Fast volatge gated Na channels
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
30. What causes the murmur heard in MR to enhance?
Dressler's - autoimmune
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Atrial contraction
31. PCWP > LV diastolic pressure
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
Mitral stenosis
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
32. What is the S2 sound?
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Aortic and pulmonary closing
LAD
33. What murmur is heard with aortic regurg?
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
LCX - V4- V6
Preload
34. What happens in phase 0 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Greater ventricular EDV
35. What cardiac change occurs in pregnancy?
MAP
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Increased SV
During diastole
36. Exercise - overtransfusiion and excitiment causes and increase in...?
RV failure - in venous pressure
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Preload
MI
37. benign capillary skin papules in AIDS patients mistaken for kaposi sarcoma - caused by bartonella henselae
LAD
Arteriorles
Truncus - tet of fallot
...
38. Wegener's presentation
Vasodilators
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Dec plasma proteins
Adult type aortic coarctation
39. Which murmur is heard with mitral prolapse?
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
QRS complex
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
40. What causes the CO curve to shift upwards?
Pos inotropy - exercise
Cardiac tamponde
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Raynaud's
41. systolic - diastolic
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Vasodilators
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Pulse pressure
42. What does increasing intracellular Ca do?
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Polyarteritis nodosum
Mitral valve
Increase contractility
43. What supplies the posterior left ventricle?
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Resting potential high K perm
CFX
LCX - I - aVL
44. coronary artery spasm - ST elevation
PDA
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Prinzmetal angina
45. What is the definition of HTN?
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
140/90
Kawasaki
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
46. fibrinous pericarditis several weeks post MI
47. What happens in phase 3 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Truncus - tet of fallot
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
48. What is the machine like murmur? What is the heart pathology and the predisposing causes
Cherry hemangioma
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
The first 4 days
49. If HR is too fast (V tach) what happens during diastole?
Atrial contraction
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
50. What are the complications of atherosclerosis?
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Coarcation of aorta
Increase contractility