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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
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Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the association with wide S2 splitting?
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Lymphangiosarcoma
TAPVR
2. Which enzymes are useful for diagnosing reinfarction
No - no pressure gradient
CK- MB
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Strawberry hemangioma
3. When does EF decrease
MI
ASD
In HF
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
4. What is the definition of HTN?
HypoK and bradycardia
140/90
LCX - I - aVL
Diastolic
5. Hyperplastic onion skinning
MI
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Diastolic
6. congenital heart defect with 22q11
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
Truncus - tet of fallot
EKG
Pos inotropy - exercise
7. What does autoregulation do?
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
8. What stimulates release of calcium from the SR?
Infective endocarditis
ASD
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
9. What are the four most common locations for atherosclerosis?
The plateau period
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
10. Which organ has the largest arteriovenous difference
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
11. Which valve is most commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis?
Mitral valve
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Cystic hygroma
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
12. What happens in phase 0 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
13. What causes the ejection click in the Cres - decres murmur?
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Mitral and tricuspid closure
LAD - V1 - V4
14. If HR is too fast (V tach) what happens during diastole?
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Strawberry hemangioma
PDA
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
15. The cause of pulmonary edema - paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?
V fib
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
16. Which bacteria causes endocarditis in the presence of colon cancer
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Polyarteritis nodosum
Vasodilators
S. bovis
17. p - anca
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18. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the right?
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Transfusion
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Stroke volume
19. which heart valves are afected most in rheumatic heart diseease
Resting potential high K perm
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
20. What happens in phase 2 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Fluid movement through capillaries
Mitral stenosis
Group a beta hemolytic strep
21. What causes hepatomegaly?
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Buerger's disease
Lymphangiosarcoma
22. In terms of starling forces - why does heart failure cause edema?
LCX - V4- V6
Increase in Pc
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
PDA
23. Which murmur is characteristic of mitral/tricuspid regurg?
CFX
Holosystoiic
Liver
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
24. most common primary cardiac tumor in children - associated with tuberous sclerosis
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Rhabdomyomas
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Atrial contraction
25. Which murmur is heard in aortic stenosis?
Adult type aortic coarctation
Vasocxn
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
26. Which area of the endocardium is especially vulnerable to infarction? Why?
Hemorrhage
Boot shaped heart
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Non
27. no change in PR interval followed by dropped beat
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Torsades de pointes
RCA
ANP
28. What is the result of not have fast sodium channels in pacemaker cells?
The operating point of the heart
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Hyperlipidemia
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
29. In an EKG - What is the QT interval?
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
Isovolumetric contraction
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
30. cavernous lymphangioma of the neck - associated with turner's
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Cystic hygroma
Inc blood volume
Changes in CO as a function of preload
31. What does the starling curve show?
Changes in CO as a function of preload
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
LCX - V4- V6
32. what conditions are associated with pulsus paradoxus
RCA - II - III - aVF
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Changes in CO as a function of preload
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
33. What does the LAD supply?
Kawasaki
Isovolumetric contraction
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Aortic and pulmonary closing
34. How are the sarcomeres added in eccentric hypertrophy?
Atherosclerosis
Changes in CO as a function of preload
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
In series
35. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by catecholamines and
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Eisenmenger's syndrome
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
36. What is association with fixed S2 splitting - does not increase with inspiration
ASD
The first 4 days
ANP
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
37. When do you find hemosiderin laden macrophages in the lungs?
LAD - V1- V2
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Atrial contraction
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
38. What is the classic X ray finding for tet of fallot?
Boot shaped heart
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
The operating point of the heart
39. benign capillary skin papules in AIDS patients mistaken for kaposi sarcoma - caused by bartonella henselae
Polyarteritis nodosum
...
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Activated histiocytes
40. What are the 5 T's of cyanoitc babies
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
41. pulmonary veins drain into right heart circulation (SVC - coronary sinus)
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
In parallel
TAPVR
Diastolic
42. failure of truncus arteriosus to divide?
Pulse pressure
RCA - II - III - aVF
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Persistant truncus arteriosus
43. congenital heart defect with marfan's
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Aortic insuffic - late
44. The cause of dyspnea on exertion?
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Dilation
RCA - II - III - aVF
Troponin I
45. Weak pulses - notching of the ribs on xray - HTN in upper extremeties and weak peripheral pulses
Cystic hygroma
Ventricular repolarization
Can progess to V fib
Adult type aortic coarctation
46. When does extracellular calcium enter the cardiac muscle cells during contraction?
Kawasaki
Dressler's - autoimmune
The plateau period
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
47. Which valve is commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis from IV drug use and Which bacteria are most common?
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48. In an anterolateral infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
LCX - V4- V6
1st degree AV blodck
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
49. What are the diastolic heart sounds?
Kaposi's sarcoma
Pos inotropy - exercise
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
50. Rank the pacemakers cells
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
LAD - V1 - V4
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
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