Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What other congenital abnormality is necessary for life for a patient with transposition of the great vesses?
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Transmural
During diastole
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral

2. What murmur is heard with aortic regurg?
Cardiac tamponde
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
No - no pressure gradient

3. what happens to capillaries in lymphatic blockage
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Left heart failure
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries

4. PROVe
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Glomus tumor
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD

5. What causes orthopnea?
Decreases
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open

6. immune mediated transmural vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis - small and medium vessels - renal and viscera - not pulm arteries - hep B seropos in 30% of pts
Polyarteritis nodosum
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Ventricles are depolarized

7. Which artery supplies the inferior portion of the left ventricle and posterior septum?
Vasocxn
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)

8. S3 - dilated heart on US - balloon appearance on CXR - eccentric hypertrophy
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Hemorrhage
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR

9. What is a normal EF
At least 55%
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
RCA - II - III - aVF
Isovolumetric contraction

10. What other sign is often present with congenital long QT syndrome - why?
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Vagus to medulla
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome

11. most common primary cardiac tumor in adults - ball - valve obstruction in left atrium
Vagus to medulla
Kids
Cystic hygroma
Myxoma

12. congenital heart defect in an infant with a diabetic mother?
Atrial contraction
Transfusion
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Transposition of great vessels

13. What is the gold standard for dx of MI in the first 6 hours
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Myxoma
EKG

14. The carotid sinus transmits along which nerve?
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical

15. Does eccentric hypertrophy or concentric hypertrophy cause systolic disfunction
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Raynaud's
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy

16. pulseless disease - granulomatous thickening of the aortic arch and/or proximal great vessels - elev ESR - asian females > 40

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

17. Which valve is commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis from IV drug use and Which bacteria are most common?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

18. What are the diastolic heart sounds?
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Dilated cardiomyopathy

19. What is the difference between the fetal and neonatal direction of blood flow in a patent ductus arteriosus
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg

20. bening capillary hemangioma of elderly - does not regress
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Cherry hemangioma
Fick principle
Turners

21. Which organ has ht highest blood flow per gram of tissue
Truncus - tet of fallot
Kidney
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open

22. Does blood flow across the actual ASD account for abnormal heart sounds? What is the reason?
Left atrial pressure
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
No - no pressure gradient

23. What is the machine like murmur? What is the heart pathology and the predisposing causes
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Aortic insuffic - late
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation

24. most common heart tumor
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Strawberry hemangioma

25. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by catecholamines and
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys

26. dilated tortous veins due to chronically inc venous pressure - poor wound healing - varicose ulcers
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Can progess to V fib
Fast volatge gated Na channels
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare

27. What is the early and late lesion in rheumatic heart disease
Left heart failure
Mitral valve prolapse
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Cystic hygroma

28. What are the four most common locations for atherosclerosis?
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus

29. What are the complications of atherosclerosis?
Preload
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli

30. How does digitatlis increase contractility?
At least 55%
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most

31. When do coronary arteries fill?
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
During diastole

32. delta wave on ECG - accesory conduction pathway from atria to ventricles - reentry leading to supraventricular tachycardia
Adult type aortic coarctation
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
During diastole
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome

33. What does the atria release in response to inc blood volume and atrial pressure
CFX
ANP
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Gap junctions

34. In a lateral wall infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Resting potential high K perm
LCX - I - aVL
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets

35. What is the result of not have fast sodium channels in pacemaker cells?
Decrease in cAMP
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical

36. lymphatic malignancy associated with persistant lymphadema - post radical mastectomy
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Lymphangiosarcoma

37. MAP is also known as
Kids
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Kaposi's sarcoma
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open

38. What is the characteristic pulse in aortic stenosis?
V fib
Aortic insuffic - late
Mitral valve
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope

39. How does aldosterone raise MAP
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Decreased
Inc blood volume

40. What is the most common cause of right heart failure
ANP
Left heart failure
If sodium channel
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH

41. PCWP is an estimate of...
CO
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Left atrial pressure
Infective endocarditis

42. What does autoregulation do?
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla

43. What 4 things drive myocardial 02 demand?
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Kawasaki
In RA return (inspiration)
Can progess to V fib

44. What are the 5 T's of cyanoitc babies
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
LAD
Cherry hemangioma
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility

45. What is the most common cause of MI
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Vasocxn
MI
Decreases

46. What is the association with wide S2 splitting?
In series
Yes
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB

47. congenital heart defect with congenital rubella
Kawasaki
Increased SV
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Angiosarcoma

48. In terms of starling forces - why does nephrotic syndrome or liver failure cause edems
Dec plasma proteins
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
Rhabdomyomas
Hyperlipidemia

49. tearing chest pain radiation to the back - associated with marfan
Systolic dysfunction
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Decreases
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy

50. Where is the most posterior portion of the heart and What can it cause?
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
Group a beta hemolytic strep