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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the S1 sound?
LCX - I - aVL
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Turners
2. Rank the following by speed of conduction - av node - atria - purkinjee - ventricles
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Atherosclerosis
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
3. congenital heart defect withdown syndrome
Fast volatge gated Na channels
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Aortic and pulmonary closing
4. In what disease states is blood viscosity increased?
Atrial contraction
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
CFX
Preload
5. What is the S2 sound?
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Libman - sacks endocarditis
TAPVR
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
6. What kind of dysfunction ensues in restrictive cardiomyopathy
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Ventricles are depolarized
Non
Diastolic
7. Mitral stenosis is most often secondary to which condition?
PDA
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Viridans streptococci
RF
8. most common heart tumor
Transmural
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
9. Where is the most posterior portion of the heart and What can it cause?
LAD - V1- V2
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Unstable/crescendo angina
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
10. Wegener's tx
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
11. In an acute MI - are there any visible changes via LM in the first 2-4 hours
7 weeks
No
Greater ventricular EDV
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
12. What is the characteristic pulse in aortic stenosis?
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
MAP
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
13. How does aldosterone raise MAP
Viridans streptococci
Inc blood volume
No - no pressure gradient
Transposition of great vessels
14. Which valve is commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis from IV drug use and Which bacteria are most common?
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15. What does mitral prolapse predeispose to?
Black > white > asian
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Preload
Infective endocarditis
16. Central chemoreceptors do not respond directly to which parameter?
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Non
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
P02
17. What is the definition of HTN?
Mitral stenosis
S. bovis
140/90
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
18. Endothelial malignancy of the skin assocated with HHV-8 and HIV
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19. Which murmur is heard with VSD?
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Non
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
20. What stimulates release of calcium from the SR?
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
SA and AV nodes
The plateau period
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
21. congenital heart defect in an infant with a diabetic mother?
Transposition of great vessels
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
22. machine murmer
Pulse pressure
Liver
PDA
Transposition of great vessels
23. What does FEVERSS stand for in rheumatic heart disease
Vagus to medulla
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
24. When and why is the S3 sound heard?
Fluid movement through capillaries
Early deaths from myocarditis
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Takayasu's arteritis
25. What causes the CO curve to shift upwards?
Pos inotropy - exercise
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Inc blood volume
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
26. Which murmur is heard in aortic stenosis?
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Increase in Pc
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
27. disease of elastic arteries and large and medium sized muscular arteries
Hematocrit
Atherosclerosis
Raynaud's
Pos inotropy - exercise
28. The aortic arch receptors transmit along which nerve?
Vagus to medulla
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Transmural
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
29. What constitues the upstroke in pacemaker cells?
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
Volatage gated Ca channels
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
30. congenital heart defect with marfan's
EKG
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Aortic insuffic - late
31. list the coronary vessels most likely to be occluded
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Kaposi's sarcoma
32. What happens in phase 4 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Pos inotropy - exercise
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Resting potential high K perm
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
33. which ethnic groups have higher association with HTN?
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
...
Black > white > asian
Hematocrit
34. Which murmur do you hear in mitral stenosis?
Inc blood volume
Granuloma with giant cells
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Polyarteritis nodosum
35. What is the machine like murmur? What is the heart pathology and the predisposing causes
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Wegener's
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
36. Which enzymes are useful for diagnosing reinfarction
Left heart failure
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
CK- MB
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
37. In a lateral wall infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
Dilation
LAD - V1- V2
LCX - I - aVL
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
38. When do you find hemosiderin laden macrophages in the lungs?
Inc blood volume
Eisenmenger's syndrome
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
39. What is a normal EF
At least 55%
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
40. Most common vasculitis affecting medium and large arteries
Temporal arteritis
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
Decreased
41. SV CAP means?
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
MI
CO
42. What does the starling curve show?
Changes in CO as a function of preload
LAD - V1 - V4
Takayasu's arteritis
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
43. serum marker for wegener's
C - ANCA
ANP
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
LAD
44. benign cap hemangioma of infancy - spont regresses
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
Strawberry hemangioma
Fluid movement through capillaries
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
45. How does digitatlis increase contractility?
Kaposi's sarcoma
Buerger's disease
CK- MB
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
46. Which kind of infarct show ST elevation - and/or pathologic Q waves
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Transmural
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
47. stroke volume x HR =?
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
CO
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
48. What are the complications of atherosclerosis?
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Black > white > asian
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
49. cavernous lymphangioma of the neck - associated with turner's
Decreases
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Cystic hygroma
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
50. What are the different etiologies of dialted cardiomyopathy
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome