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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What do the starling forces determine
Fluid movement through capillaries
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Cystic hygroma
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
2. Inspiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds?
HypoK and bradycardia
Right sided
Mitral stenosis
LAD
3. The carotid sinus transmits along which nerve?
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
Vasodilators
4. In a lateral wall infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
LCX - I - aVL
Resting potential high K perm
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
5. congenital heart defect with 22q11
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Truncus - tet of fallot
Granuloma with giant cells
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
6. what percentage of HTN is secondary to renal disease?
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
10%
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
7. What is the progression of atherosclerosis?
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
Dilated cardiomyopathy
In RA return (inspiration)
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
8. What does FAN MY SKIN On Wednesday stand for?
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
RF
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
9. What is the characteristic pulse in aortic stenosis?
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
During diastole
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
10. congenital heart defect withdown syndrome
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
11. acute - self limiting necrotizing vasculitis in children associated with fever - conjunctivitis - strawberry tongue - desquamatous skin rash - lymphadenitis - coronary sinus aneurysms. Seen in asians
Kawasaki
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Lymphangiosarcoma
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
12. which ethnic groups have higher association with HTN?
Hemorrhage
Black > white > asian
LCX - V4- V6
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
13. Wegener's tx
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Fast volatge gated Na channels
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
14. What is the early and late lesion in rheumatic heart disease
Mitral valve prolapse
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
15. benign cap hemangioma of infancy - spont regresses
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Strawberry hemangioma
16. On the cardiac cycle graph - on which corners do the opening and closing of the aortic and mitral valves occur?
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Atherosclerosis
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
17. Where are pacemaker cells?
SA and AV nodes
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
Hematocrit
Dilation
18. tearing chest pain radiation to the back - associated with marfan
In RA return (inspiration)
CFX
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Non
19. SV CAP means?
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
20. Central chemoreceptors do not respond directly to which parameter?
P02
Angiosarcoma
MI
ANP
21. which heart valves are afected most in rheumatic heart diseease
Left atrial pressure
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
22. Right to left shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Babies
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Atherosclerosis
Boot shaped heart
23. What does the atria release in response to inc blood volume and atrial pressure
ANP
RV failure - in venous pressure
Yes
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
24. When does EF decrease
Hematocrit
In HF
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Raynaud's
25. What are aschoff bodies
Granuloma with giant cells
MI
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
26. delta wave on ECG - accesory conduction pathway from atria to ventricles - reentry leading to supraventricular tachycardia
No
Rhabdomyomas
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
27. with what heart sounds do ASD usually present?
RCA - II - III - aVF
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
SA and AV nodes
28. When and why is the S3 sound heard?
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Granuloma with giant cells
If sodium channel
29. How does aldosterone raise MAP
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Inc blood volume
If sodium channel
Decreased
30. Endothelial malignancy of the skin assocated with HHV-8 and HIV
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31. What is the S2 sound?
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Aortic and pulmonary closing
In series
Increase in Pc
32. Which murmur is characteristic of mitral/tricuspid regurg?
Increase in Pc
Holosystoiic
MAP
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
33. Why is there edema after burns or during infection
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Viridans streptococci
34. Which murmur is heard in aortic stenosis?
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Inc blood volume
35. Which organ has the largest arteriovenous difference
RCA - II - III - aVF
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
36. decrease stretch in baroreceptors leads to what response?
SA and AV nodes
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Myxoma
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
37. clinical signs of cardiac tamponade
In HF
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
S. epidermidis
38. congenital heart defect with congenital rubella
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Polyarteritis nodosum
Hemorrhage
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
39. What stimulates release of calcium from the SR?
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
Holosystoiic
40. What are common causes of mitral regurg?
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Ventricular repolarization
Ventricles are depolarized
41. What does hypoxia cause in the lung versus other tissues?
Kids
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
42. In an EKG - What is the PR interval?
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
43. immune mediated transmural vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis - small and medium vessels - renal and viscera - not pulm arteries - hep B seropos in 30% of pts
LAD - V1 - V4
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Polyarteritis nodosum
MI
44. When and why do you hear the S4 sound
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
In HF
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
45. CO x Total peripheral resistance
Stable angina
Mean arterial pressure
Fick principle
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
46. How does digitatlis increase contractility?
Pos inotropy - exercise
HypoK and bradycardia
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Right sided
47. What happens in phase 3 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
TAPVR
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
48. thrombosis w/o necrosis - ST elevation - worsening chest pain at rest or with minimal exertion
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Unstable/crescendo angina
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
49. What is the danger of torsades to pointes?
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Can progess to V fib
Left atrial pressure
Coarcation of aorta
50. What is the most common cause of MI
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Arteriorles