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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. delta wave on ECG - accesory conduction pathway from atria to ventricles - reentry leading to supraventricular tachycardia
Hyperlipidemia
Coarcation of aorta
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Strawberry hemangioma
2. What causes the CO curve to shift upwards?
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Pos inotropy - exercise
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
CK- MB
3. what percentage of HTN is secondary to renal disease?
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Inc blood volume
10%
Group a beta hemolytic strep
4. retrosternal chest main with exertion - ST depression on ECG - likely due atherosclerosis
10%
Stable angina
No
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
5. In an anteroseptal infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
Holosystoiic
LAD - V1- V2
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Mean arterial pressure
6. What does increasing intracellular Ca do?
Glomus tumor
Stroke volume
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Increase contractility
7. What does the LAD supply?
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Dilation
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
8. What does mitral prolapse predeispose to?
S. aureus
Infective endocarditis
Lymphangiosarcoma
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
9. What are common causes of mitral regurg?
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Transmural
10. When and why do you hear the S4 sound
In series
Fast volatge gated Na channels
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Prinzmetal angina
11. Which kind of infarct show ST elevation - and/or pathologic Q waves
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
CHF
Transmural
Stroke volume
12. What is the most common cause of MI
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Resting potential high K perm
13. What can cause mitral prolapse?
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
14. Which organ has ht highest blood flow per gram of tissue
Left heart failure
Yes
Ventricular repolarization
Kidney
15. The cause of dyspnea on exertion?
Early deaths from myocarditis
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
During diastole
16. When do you find hemosiderin laden macrophages in the lungs?
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Left heart failure
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
17. p - anca
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18. Mitral stenosis is most often secondary to which condition?
In RA return (inspiration)
RF
Mitral stenosis
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
19. In an EKG - What is the PR interval?
If sodium channel
Activated histiocytes
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
20. Why is there edema after burns or during infection
Decreased
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Inc Kf - capillary perm
21. Which murmur is characteristic of mitral/tricuspid regurg?
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
Atrial contraction
Holosystoiic
Torsades de pointes
22. What are the 5 T's of cyanoitc babies
Volatage gated Ca channels
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Dilation
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
23. list the coronary vessels most likely to be occluded
Wegener's
Truncus - tet of fallot
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
24. How do beta blockers decrease contractility?
Persistant truncus arteriosus
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Mean arterial pressure
Decrease in cAMP
25. In normal S2 splitting - which valve closes first? What increases it?
Eisenmenger's syndrome
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Torsades de pointes
26. What is the result of not have fast sodium channels in pacemaker cells?
Vagus to medulla
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Takayasu's arteritis
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
27. Churg Strauss - presentation and test
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
In RA return (inspiration)
Isovolumetric contraction
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
28. In an EKG - What is the QT interval?
ASD
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
29. What causes tet of fallot?
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Subendocardial
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
30. When does extracellular calcium enter the cardiac muscle cells during contraction?
The plateau period
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
Systolic dysfunction
P02
31. When is the scar completely formed in an MI?
7 weeks
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Cardiac tamponde
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
32. The carotid sinus transmits along which nerve?
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Pulse pressure
Raynaud's
33. diaphoresis - N/V - severe retrosternal pain - pain in left arm/jaw - SOB - fatigue - adrenergic symptoms
MI
1st degree AV blodck
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
34. What causes hepatomegaly?
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Torsades de pointes
35. machine murmer
Pulse pressure
PDA
MI
Decrease in cAMP
36. When and why is the S3 sound heard?
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Gap junctions
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
37. Which sympathetic receptors raise MAP
Decrease in cAMP
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
38. What kind of infarct show ST depression
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Subendocardial
Hyperlipidemia
Cardiac tamponde
39. Hyperplastic onion skinning
RCA - II - III - aVF
Lymphangiosarcoma
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
40. What is the characteristic pulse in aortic stenosis?
Kaposi's sarcoma
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Dilation
41. How does a patient with Tet of fallot learn to improve symptoms?
Hemorrhage
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
Early deaths from myocarditis
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
42. EDV is also known as
Preload
MAP
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
43. How does angiotensin II raise MAP
Vasocxn
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Non
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
44. Exercise - overtransfusiion and excitiment causes and increase in...?
Babies
Preload
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
Atrial contraction
45. Right to left shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Kidney
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Babies
Buerger's disease
46. highly lethal malignancy of the liver - associated with vinyl chloride - arsenic - and thorosrast exposure
CO
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Angiosarcoma
47. What causes aortic stenosis
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
C - ANCA
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
48. Which two mechanisms sense decrease MAP?
Non
EKG
Can progess to V fib
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
49. Which enzyme rises after 4 hours and is elevated for 7 to 10 days after an MI?
Troponin I
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Fast volatge gated Na channels
Buerger's disease
50. absecnce of tricuspid valve - hypoplastic RV
Vagus to medulla
RCA - II - III - aVF
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD