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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Most common vasculitis affecting medium and large arteries
Isovolumetric contraction
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Temporal arteritis
Inc Kf - capillary perm
2. What is the association with wide S2 splitting?
Arteriorles
Turners
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
The operating point of the heart
3. with what heart sounds do ASD usually present?
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Holosystoiic
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
4. Which class of drugs decreases afterload?
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Ventricular repolarization
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
5. progressive lengthening of PR until beat is dropped - a p wave not followed by QRS
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
SV/ EDV
In RA return (inspiration)
Babies
6. Which channel accounts for automaticity of the SA and AV nodes?
Transmural
RV failure - in venous pressure
Dilation
If sodium channel
7. What can cause mitral prolapse?
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Subendocardial
8. How does aldosterone raise MAP
Stroke volume
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Inc blood volume
9. In terms of starling forces - why does heart failure cause edema?
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Increase in Pc
RF
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
10. What is the difference between the fetal and neonatal direction of blood flow in a patent ductus arteriosus
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
11. friction rub - 3-5 days post MI
Can progess to V fib
Inc blood volume
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
If sodium channel
12. How are sarcomeres added in concentric hypertrophy?
Angiosarcoma
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
In parallel
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
13. How are cadiac myocytes eltrically coupled?
S. bovis
LAD - V1 - V4
Gap junctions
Stable angina
14. Which valve is most commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis?
Atrial contraction
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Mitral valve
15. PROVe
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
No
Left atrial pressure
16. most common heart tumor
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Liver
RCA - II - III - aVF
17. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the right?
Transfusion
In HF
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Vasodilators
18. which heart valves are afected most in rheumatic heart diseease
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Decreased
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Wegener's
19. When and why is the S3 sound heard?
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
TAPVR
Glomus tumor
20. What does the LAD supply?
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
ANP
Diastolic
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
21. no relation between p waves and QRS intervals - treatment and predisposing factor
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Vasodilators
22. absecnce of tricuspid valve - hypoplastic RV
Fast volatge gated Na channels
Yes
Kawasaki
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
23. What does the starling curve show?
Dec plasma proteins
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Changes in CO as a function of preload
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
24. What channels do the the pacemaker cells lack?
Fast volatge gated Na channels
The plateau period
Decreases
Isovolumetric contraction
25. Which area of the endocardium is especially vulnerable to infarction? Why?
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
26. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by catecholamines and
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Atrial contraction
...
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
27. What is the characteristic pulse in aortic stenosis?
RF
Ventricular repolarization
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
RCA
28. port wine stains on face - intracerebral AVM - siezures - early onset glaucoma - congenital
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
29. What are the 5 T's of cyanoitc babies
Pos inotropy - exercise
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Vasodilators
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
30. Which bacteria causes endocarditis in the presence of colon cancer
HypoK and bradycardia
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
S. bovis
31. What does HTN predispose to?
Rhabdomyomas
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Kidney
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
32. Why is contractility decreased in heart failure?
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Systolic dysfunction
Dilation
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
33. EDV - ESV
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Stroke volume
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
34. Which lab value indicates blood viscosity?
V fib arrhythima
LCX - V4- V6
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
Hematocrit
35. What is indicated when CO and venous return are equal?
Stroke volume
Group a beta hemolytic strep
The operating point of the heart
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
36. Which vessels account for the most total peripheral resistance
Holosystoiic
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Arteriorles
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
37. Fatal arrhythmia
V fib
Activated histiocytes
Strawberry hemangioma
Transmural
38. What are tendinous xanthoma - atheromas - and corneal arcus signs of?
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Hyperlipidemia
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
39. Does blood flow across the actual ASD account for abnormal heart sounds? What is the reason?
S. epidermidis
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
No - no pressure gradient
40. What is the cushing triad?
Decreased
In RA return (inspiration)
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
41. What murmur is heard with aortic regurg?
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
HypoK and bradycardia
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
42. L to R shunt becomes R to L due to increase pulm pressures from original congenital heart defect
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43. fibrous plaques and atheromas in intima of arteries
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Turners
140/90
Atherosclerosis
44. PCWP > LV diastolic pressure
Mitral stenosis
Mitral valve prolapse
Fast volatge gated Na channels
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
45. Unilateral headache - jaw claudication - impaired vision
Inc blood volume
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Black > white > asian
46. Where does coronary artery occlusion occur most commonly?
LAD
Viridans streptococci
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
47. immune mediated transmural vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis - small and medium vessels - renal and viscera - not pulm arteries - hep B seropos in 30% of pts
Transposition of great vessels
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Right sided
Polyarteritis nodosum
48. In an EKG - What is the T wave?
Ventricular repolarization
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Left heart failure
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
49. In a lateral wall infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
LCX - I - aVL
S. aureus
During diastole
50. When does extracellular calcium enter the cardiac muscle cells during contraction?
Holosystoiic
In series
The plateau period
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node