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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. rate of 02 consumption/ arterial 02 - venous 02 ccontent=CO
Fick principle
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
2. When during cardiac nodal cells depolarize?
During diastole
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
CK- MB
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
3. Right to left shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Left sided
Babies
If sodium channel
Stroke volume
4. What are tendinous xanthoma - atheromas - and corneal arcus signs of?
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Pulse pressure
Ventricular repolarization
Hyperlipidemia
5. What happens in phase 4 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Resting potential high K perm
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
6. What does the atria release in response to inc blood volume and atrial pressure
Early deaths from myocarditis
ANP
Prinzmetal angina
LAD - V1- V2
7. benign capillary skin papules in AIDS patients mistaken for kaposi sarcoma - caused by bartonella henselae
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Diastolic
...
Cystic hygroma
8. retrosternal chest main with exertion - ST depression on ECG - likely due atherosclerosis
Stable angina
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Persistant truncus arteriosus
9. dyspnea - fatigue - edema and rales - multiple causes
No - no pressure gradient
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
CHF
10. What happens with a decrease of extracellular Na
LCX - V4- V6
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
11. bening capillary hemangioma of elderly - does not regress
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Cherry hemangioma
12. PROVe
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Hyperlipidemia
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
13. In a lateral wall infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Stable angina
LCX - I - aVL
Holosystoiic
14. What do the carotid and aortic bodies respond to?
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
EKG
Volatage gated Ca channels
15. coronary artery spasm - ST elevation
...
Increase in Pc
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Prinzmetal angina
16. Which organ has the largest arteriovenous difference
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Transfusion
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
17. When does EF decrease
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Cardiac tamponde
Kidney
In HF
18. In terms of starling forces - why does heart failure cause edema?
Increase in Pc
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Preload
Isovolumetric contraction
19. What is the progression of atherosclerosis?
At least 55%
Kaposi's sarcoma
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
20. benign - painful - red - blue tumor under fingernails from smooth muscle cells
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Glomus tumor
...
Boot shaped heart
21. Unilateral headache - jaw claudication - impaired vision
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
1st degree AV blodck
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
22. What is the association with wide S2 splitting?
10%
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Black > white > asian
Kids
23. What cardiac change occurs in pregnancy?
Increased SV
C - ANCA
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
S. bovis
24. in the JVP - What is the v wave?
Kawasaki
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Stroke volume
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
25. dilated tortous veins due to chronically inc venous pressure - poor wound healing - varicose ulcers
CHF
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Ventricles are depolarized
26. Why is there edema after burns or during infection
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
27. Where are pacemaker cells?
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Mitral valve
SA and AV nodes
28. stroke volume x HR =?
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
CO
Aortic insuffic - late
Angiosarcoma
29. What is a normal EF
At least 55%
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
No
Kids
30. How do beta blockers decrease contractility?
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Decrease in cAMP
Stroke volume
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
31. Which class of drugs decrease the murmur heard in aortic regurg?
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
Vasodilators
Left sided
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
32. congenital heart defect with marfan's
MI
V fib
Aortic insuffic - late
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
33. Which organ has ht highest blood flow per gram of tissue
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Glomus tumor
Kidney
Babies
34. port wine stains on face - intracerebral AVM - siezures - early onset glaucoma - congenital
Dressler's - autoimmune
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Ventricles are depolarized
35. What does autoregulation do?
CK- MB
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Kidney
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
36. What stimulates release of calcium from the SR?
During diastole
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
37. lymphatic malignancy associated with persistant lymphadema - post radical mastectomy
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Dilation
Lymphangiosarcoma
38. skin rash on buttocks and legs - arthralgia - intestinal hemorrhage - abdominal pain - melena. Follows URI - IgA immune complex - most common childhood systemic vasculitis
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Left atrial pressure
39. What causes the murmur heard in tricuspid regurg to enhance
In RA return (inspiration)
Dilated cardiomyopathy
EKG
Wegener's
40. Which two mechanisms sense decrease MAP?
Hyperlipidemia
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
LCX - V4- V6
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
41. Weak pulses - notching of the ribs on xray - HTN in upper extremeties and weak peripheral pulses
RCA
Left heart failure
Adult type aortic coarctation
Greater ventricular EDV
42. Does eccentric hypertrophy or concentric hypertrophy cause systolic disfunction
Atrial contraction
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
43. What do patients die early from in rheumatic heart disease?
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Early deaths from myocarditis
EKG
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
44. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by catecholamines and
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Mitral valve prolapse
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
45. What constitues the upstroke in pacemaker cells?
Volatage gated Ca channels
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Cystic hygroma
Hemorrhage
46. Churg Strauss - presentation and test
S. bovis
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Dressler's - autoimmune
Diastolic
47. clinical signs of cardiac tamponade
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
...
Systolic dysfunction
48. Which murmur is heard in aortic stenosis?
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Systolic dysfunction
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
49. What is the definition of HTN?
140/90
Wegener's
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
Stroke volume
50. When and why is the S3 sound heard?
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Rhabdomyomas
LAD - V1- V2
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma