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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Which class of drugs decreases afterload?
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Pos inotropy - exercise
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
2. What does mitral prolapse predeispose to?
Mitral valve prolapse
Infective endocarditis
Systolic dysfunction
Preload
3. What are tendinous xanthoma - atheromas - and corneal arcus signs of?
CO
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Temporal arteritis
Hyperlipidemia
4. disruption of the vasa vasorum of aorta - dilation of aorta and valve ring - tree bark appearance (calcifications on aortic root)
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Transmural
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
5. What causes ankle - sacral edema - jugular venous distention
Mitral valve prolapse
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
RV failure - in venous pressure
6. Where is the most posterior portion of the heart and What can it cause?
Resting potential high K perm
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Increase in Pc
In series
7. When does EF decrease
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
In HF
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
MAP
8. What causes the CO curve to shift downwards?
In HF
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Truncus - tet of fallot
9. The cause of cardiac dilation?
Greater ventricular EDV
MI
Eisenmenger's syndrome
EKG
10. What is the S1 sound?
MI
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Systolic dysfunction
11. What causes the murmur heard in MR to enhance?
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Subendocardial
Early deaths from myocarditis
12. Where are pacemaker cells?
SA and AV nodes
Fluid movement through capillaries
RCA
Lymphangiosarcoma
13. When and why do you hear the S4 sound
Angiosarcoma
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
14. In terms of starling forces - why does heart failure cause edema?
Increase in Pc
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
15. SV CAP means?
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Non
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
16. PROVe
Resting potential high K perm
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Subendocardial
During diastole
17. Endothelial malignancy of the skin assocated with HHV-8 and HIV
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18. Which enzymes are useful for diagnosing reinfarction
CK- MB
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Kaposi's sarcoma
19. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by catecholamines and
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Activated histiocytes
Adult type aortic coarctation
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
20. Wegener's tx
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
SA and AV nodes
21. highly lethal malignancy of the liver - associated with vinyl chloride - arsenic - and thorosrast exposure
Angiosarcoma
Mean arterial pressure
Preload
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
22. What happens with a decrease of extracellular Na
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
Raynaud's
23. What other syndrom is associated with infantile aortic coarctation
Hemorrhage
Pulse pressure
Buerger's disease
Turners
24. What are anitschkow's cells
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Activated histiocytes
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
RF
25. Which two mechanisms sense decrease MAP?
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
P02
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
26. What does TAPVR stand for
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Atrial contraction
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Unstable/crescendo angina
27. What is the definition of HTN?
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
140/90
LAD - V1 - V4
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
28. Which artery supplies the SA and AV nodes?
Temporal arteritis
Transfusion
RCA
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
29. thrombosis w/o necrosis - ST elevation - worsening chest pain at rest or with minimal exertion
Unstable/crescendo angina
Adult type aortic coarctation
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
In RA return (inspiration)
30. Most common vasculitis affecting medium and large arteries
Early deaths from myocarditis
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Temporal arteritis
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
31. What are common causes of mitral regurg?
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Coarcation of aorta
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Decrease in cAMP
32. Which organ has the largest arteriovenous difference
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Hyperlipidemia
33. most common primary cardiac tumor in adults - ball - valve obstruction in left atrium
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Myxoma
Cardiac tamponde
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
34. What is the classic X ray finding for tet of fallot?
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
The operating point of the heart
Boot shaped heart
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
35. benign - painful - red - blue tumor under fingernails from smooth muscle cells
RV failure - in venous pressure
Greater ventricular EDV
Glomus tumor
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
36. The carotid sinus transmits along which nerve?
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Coarcation of aorta
Dec plasma proteins
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
37. EDV is also known as
Preload
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
During diastole
Vasocxn
38. stroke volume x HR =?
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
CO
The plateau period
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
39. What are the 5 T's of cyanoitc babies
Mitral stenosis
Aortic insuffic - late
Lymphangiosarcoma
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
40. Which area of the endocardium is especially vulnerable to infarction? Why?
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Unstable/crescendo angina
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Diastolic
41. which heart valves are afected most in rheumatic heart diseease
Strawberry hemangioma
Vagus to medulla
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Activated histiocytes
42. When do coronary arteries fill?
Viridans streptococci
During diastole
Kaposi's sarcoma
Can progess to V fib
43. When is the scar completely formed in an MI?
ANP
Can progess to V fib
7 weeks
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
44. When do you see extensive coagulative necrosis in an MI
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
RV failure - in venous pressure
45. Do you see elevaged ASO titers in rheumatic heart disease
V fib arrhythima
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Yes
46. In a lateral wall infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
Babies
Gap junctions
SV/ EDV
LCX - I - aVL
47. Central chemoreceptors do not respond directly to which parameter?
P02
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Raynaud's
...
48. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by Ach or adenosine?
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
LAD - V1- V2
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Decreases
49. wartiike - sterile vegetations occur on both sides of the valve - commonly causes mitral regurg. SLE causes it
Libman - sacks endocarditis
If sodium channel
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
50. absecnce of tricuspid valve - hypoplastic RV
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
V fib arrhythima
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Vasodilators