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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the result of not have fast sodium channels in pacemaker cells?
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
Decreased
Holosystoiic
Early deaths from myocarditis
2. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the left?
Hemorrhage
Turners
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
HypoK and bradycardia
3. What is the machine like murmur? What is the heart pathology and the predisposing causes
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
RV failure - in venous pressure
4. Where are pacemaker cells?
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
SA and AV nodes
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Polyarteritis nodosum
5. port wine stains on face - intracerebral AVM - siezures - early onset glaucoma - congenital
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
CK- MB
CO
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
6. most common heart tumor
Dressler's - autoimmune
P02
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
7. congenital heart defect with turner's
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
CO
Coarcation of aorta
LAD
8. benign capillary skin papules in AIDS patients mistaken for kaposi sarcoma - caused by bartonella henselae
Transfusion
...
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
S. epidermidis
9. What is the cushing triad?
During diastole
Transfusion
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
10. Which bacteria can cause endocarditis from prosthetic valves?
S. epidermidis
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Greater ventricular EDV
S. aureus
11. Which lab value indicates blood viscosity?
Hematocrit
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Viridans streptococci
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
12. In an inferior wall infarct - which artery is affected and which leads show Q waves
The operating point of the heart
RCA - II - III - aVF
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
Polyarteritis nodosum
13. In the cardiac cycle - which period has the highest 02 consumption?
Isovolumetric contraction
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Transmural
MAP
14. Mitral stenosis is most often secondary to which condition?
RF
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Glomus tumor
Arteriorles
15. lymphatic malignancy associated with persistant lymphadema - post radical mastectomy
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
Torsades de pointes
Lymphangiosarcoma
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
16. What is the association with wide S2 splitting?
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
LAD - V1- V2
At least 55%
17. Equilibration of diastolic pressures in all 4 chambers - decreased CO from compression of heart by fluid in pericardium
RCA
Cardiac tamponde
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
18. What causes the midsystolic click
Greater ventricular EDV
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Subendocardial
Stable angina
19. What causes tet of fallot?
Fick principle
No
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
20. Do you see elevaged ASO titers in rheumatic heart disease
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Yes
21. Chronic mitral stenosis can lead to what changes in size of the LA
Dilation
Increase contractility
Aortic insuffic - late
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
22. What does prolonged QT predispose to?
Torsades de pointes
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Changes in CO as a function of preload
Prinzmetal angina
23. Expiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds
Kawasaki
Torsades de pointes
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Left sided
24. When is the scar completely formed in an MI?
7 weeks
Myxoma
Decreased
Group a beta hemolytic strep
25. Left to right shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Lymphangiosarcoma
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Kids
26. What is the definition of HTN?
140/90
LAD - V1 - V4
Viridans streptococci
HypoK and bradycardia
27. What happens in phase 2 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
Can progess to V fib
Ventricles are depolarized
28. What are common causes of mitral regurg?
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Decreases
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
LCX - I - aVL
29. Weak pulses - notching of the ribs on xray - HTN in upper extremeties and weak peripheral pulses
Hemorrhage
Adult type aortic coarctation
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Mitral valve prolapse
30. How does a patient with Tet of fallot learn to improve symptoms?
Dressler's - autoimmune
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
31. When and why is the S3 sound heard?
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
S. bovis
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
CFX
32. What is a normal EF
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
LCX - I - aVL
At least 55%
33. Which enzymes are useful for diagnosing reinfarction
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
P02
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
CK- MB
34. What are the complications from bacterial endocarditis?
CHF
Raynaud's
Decreased
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
35. most common primary cardiac tumor in children - associated with tuberous sclerosis
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
ASD
Wegener's
Rhabdomyomas
36. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by Ach or adenosine?
No - no pressure gradient
Transfusion
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
Decreases
37. necrotizing granulomas in lung and upper airways - nectrotizing GN - small vessel vasculitis
38. In an acute MI - are there any visible changes via LM in the first 2-4 hours
Kawasaki
No
Can progess to V fib
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
39. fibrous plaques and atheromas in intima of arteries
Atherosclerosis
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
40. In an anterolateral infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
LCX - V4- V6
41. Inspiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds?
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
7 weeks
Right sided
42. Wegener's tx
Subendocardial
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
EKG
The first 4 days
43. In an EKG - What is the QT interval?
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
Diastolic
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
During diastole
44. What causes the cushing reflex and why
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Angiosarcoma
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
45. How does aldosterone raise MAP
Kawasaki
Inc blood volume
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
46. What causes ankle - sacral edema - jugular venous distention
Babies
Stable angina
Kawasaki
RV failure - in venous pressure
47. Why is there edema after burns or during infection
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
During diastole
Inc Kf - capillary perm
V fib
48. What cardiac change occurs in pregnancy?
Increased SV
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Increase contractility
In RA return (inspiration)
49. Where does coronary artery occlusion occur most commonly?
HypoK and bradycardia
LAD
Lymphangiosarcoma
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
50. What does the atria release in response to inc blood volume and atrial pressure
ANP
No
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia