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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What are the complications of atherosclerosis?
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
Transposition of great vessels
2. Given P = QR - what factors influence resistance?
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
1st degree AV blodck
The plateau period
3. How are the sarcomeres added in eccentric hypertrophy?
Aortic insuffic - late
TAPVR
Cardiac tamponde
In series
4. What does T wave inversion indicated?
Systolic dysfunction
Volatage gated Ca channels
MI
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
5. SV CAP means?
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
In RA return (inspiration)
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
6. immune mediated transmural vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis - small and medium vessels - renal and viscera - not pulm arteries - hep B seropos in 30% of pts
Polyarteritis nodosum
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
EKG
7. what percentage of HTN is secondary to renal disease?
Rhabdomyomas
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
10%
8. In an anteroseptal infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
Unstable/crescendo angina
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
LAD - V1- V2
Black > white > asian
9. congenital heart defect with marfan's
V fib
Aortic insuffic - late
Truncus - tet of fallot
Cherry hemangioma
10. L to R shunt becomes R to L due to increase pulm pressures from original congenital heart defect
11. What can cause mitral prolapse?
Decreased
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
MI
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
12. Which class of drugs decreases afterload?
Fluid movement through capillaries
CK- MB
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Kidney
13. Hyperplastic onion skinning
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Turners
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Holosystoiic
14. What are the complications from bacterial endocarditis?
In series
...
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
15. prolonged PR interval
1st degree AV blodck
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Infective endocarditis
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
16. How does angiotensin II raise MAP
10%
Systolic dysfunction
Vasocxn
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
17. What is the most common cause of right heart failure
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
ANP
Myxoma
Left heart failure
18. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by catecholamines and
Prinzmetal angina
Temporal arteritis
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
19. Which sympathetic receptors raise MAP
Takayasu's arteritis
Holosystoiic
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Kids
20. lymphatic malignancy associated with persistant lymphadema - post radical mastectomy
Vasocxn
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Lymphangiosarcoma
Aortic insuffic - late
21. The cause of cardiac dilation?
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Adult type aortic coarctation
Vasodilators
Greater ventricular EDV
22. highly lethal malignancy of the liver - associated with vinyl chloride - arsenic - and thorosrast exposure
Fick principle
Isovolumetric contraction
Angiosarcoma
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
23. How does aldosterone raise MAP
LAD - V1 - V4
Inc blood volume
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
S. aureus
24. What is associated with paradoxical spliting of S2
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Mitral valve
Decreases
25. In an EKG - What is the PR interval?
LCX - I - aVL
Greater ventricular EDV
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
26. What is the progression of atherosclerosis?
Preload
Atrial contraction
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
No
27. stroke volume x HR =?
Mitral stenosis
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
CO
Dilation
28. Which two mechanisms sense decrease MAP?
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Preload
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
29. PCWP is an estimate of...
Left atrial pressure
Gap junctions
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Myxoma
30. What does FROM JANE stand for in bacterial endocarditis?
31. If HR is too fast (V tach) what happens during diastole?
During diastole
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Ventricles are depolarized
Ventricular repolarization
32. benign capillary skin papules in AIDS patients mistaken for kaposi sarcoma - caused by bartonella henselae
...
Angiosarcoma
Increase in Pc
CFX
33. Endothelial malignancy of the skin assocated with HHV-8 and HIV
34. Which valve is commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis from IV drug use and Which bacteria are most common?
35. When do coronary arteries fill?
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
During diastole
36. no relation between p waves and QRS intervals - treatment and predisposing factor
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Viridans streptococci
37. What does hypoxia cause in the lung versus other tissues?
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Troponin I
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
38. p - anca
39. disease of elastic arteries and large and medium sized muscular arteries
Atherosclerosis
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
40. What causes the CO curve to shift downwards?
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Dec plasma proteins
No - no pressure gradient
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
41. 2/3 diastolic + 1/3 systolic
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
MAP
Isovolumetric contraction
42. congenital heart defect with 22q11
Truncus - tet of fallot
Hematocrit
Isovolumetric contraction
C - ANCA
43. benign - painful - red - blue tumor under fingernails from smooth muscle cells
In series
Glomus tumor
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Kaposi's sarcoma
44. acute - self limiting necrotizing vasculitis in children associated with fever - conjunctivitis - strawberry tongue - desquamatous skin rash - lymphadenitis - coronary sinus aneurysms. Seen in asians
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
Kawasaki
Increased SV
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
45. congenital heart defect withdown syndrome
HypoK and bradycardia
Mean arterial pressure
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Dressler's - autoimmune
46. What supplies the posterior left ventricle?
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Eisenmenger's syndrome
CFX
47. What does FAN MY SKIN On Wednesday stand for?
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Subendocardial
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
48. Which murmur is heard with VSD?
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Preload
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
49. What do patients die early from in rheumatic heart disease?
Decrease in cAMP
140/90
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Early deaths from myocarditis
50. Rank the following by speed of conduction - av node - atria - purkinjee - ventricles
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction