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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Which artery supplies the SA and AV nodes?
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
RCA
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
No
2. What is the progression of atherosclerosis?
Dilated cardiomyopathy
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
3. Exercise - overtransfusiion and excitiment causes and increase in...?
Preload
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Early deaths from myocarditis
4. dilated tortous veins due to chronically inc venous pressure - poor wound healing - varicose ulcers
Mean arterial pressure
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Inc Kf - capillary perm
5. What does FAN MY SKIN On Wednesday stand for?
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
6. When during cardiac nodal cells depolarize?
Decreased
Arteriorles
During diastole
Atrial contraction
7. congenital heart defect in an infant with a diabetic mother?
Transposition of great vessels
CHF
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
TAPVR
8. What causes orthopnea?
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
Cystic hygroma
S. bovis
Lymphangiosarcoma
9. What is the time frame for arrhythmia risk in the evolution of MI
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
The first 4 days
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
10. which ethnic groups have higher association with HTN?
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Black > white > asian
ASD
RCA
11. wartiike - sterile vegetations occur on both sides of the valve - commonly causes mitral regurg. SLE causes it
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
12. What happens in phase 2 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
13. What happens in phase 4 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
S. epidermidis
Resting potential high K perm
Increase contractility
Atherosclerosis
14. What are the diastolic heart sounds?
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
HypoK and bradycardia
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
15. In what disease states is blood viscosity increased?
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
RV failure - in venous pressure
Angiosarcoma
16. What is the gold standard for dx of MI in the first 6 hours
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
EKG
No - no pressure gradient
17. What are common causes of mitral regurg?
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
7 weeks
Transmural
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
18. What causes the early cyanosis in Tet of Fallot?
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
During diastole
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
MI
19. Churg Strauss - presentation and test
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Coarcation of aorta
Inc blood volume
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
20. sudden death in young atheletes - S4 - apical impulses - outflow obstruction
TAPVR
Transmural
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
21. What causes the ejection click in the Cres - decres murmur?
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Decrease in cAMP
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
22. p - anca
23. Endothelial malignancy of the skin assocated with HHV-8 and HIV
24. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by Ach or adenosine?
Decreases
Raynaud's
Boot shaped heart
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
25. PCWP > LV diastolic pressure
Mitral stenosis
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Torsades de pointes
Changes in CO as a function of preload
26. What other congenital abnormality is necessary for life for a patient with transposition of the great vesses?
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
27. Wegener's tx
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Decreased
28. How does aldosterone raise MAP
Infective endocarditis
Inc blood volume
CK- MB
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
29. When and why is the S3 sound heard?
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
Kaposi's sarcoma
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Hematocrit
30. What are aschoff bodies
Granuloma with giant cells
Left heart failure
Atrial contraction
Holosystoiic
31. Which valve is commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis from IV drug use and Which bacteria are most common?
32. What causes ankle - sacral edema - jugular venous distention
Hematocrit
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
RV failure - in venous pressure
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
33. How do catecholamines increase contractility?
Hemorrhage
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
34. When do you see extensive coagulative necrosis in an MI
Ventricles are depolarized
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Dilation
35. in the JVP - What is the c wave?
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
CK- MB
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
36. port wine stains on face - intracerebral AVM - siezures - early onset glaucoma - congenital
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
ASD
Fick principle
37. Does blood flow across the actual ASD account for abnormal heart sounds? What is the reason?
S. epidermidis
Truncus - tet of fallot
No - no pressure gradient
MAP
38. immune mediated transmural vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis - small and medium vessels - renal and viscera - not pulm arteries - hep B seropos in 30% of pts
Polyarteritis nodosum
Increase in Pc
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Decreases
39. Inspiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds?
Right sided
P02
No
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
40. Rank the following by speed of conduction - av node - atria - purkinjee - ventricles
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Fluid movement through capillaries
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
41. stroke volume x HR =?
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
CO
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
42. The cause of pulmonary edema - paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
V fib arrhythima
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
43. What is the result of not have fast sodium channels in pacemaker cells?
Ventricles are depolarized
TAPVR
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
Ventricular repolarization
44. In an EKG - What is the p wave?
Atrial contraction
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
45. with what heart sounds do ASD usually present?
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Left atrial pressure
46. What is sudden cardiac death most commonly due to...
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
V fib arrhythima
Atrial contraction
Turners
47. Which murmur is heard with VSD?
Temporal arteritis
Takayasu's arteritis
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Kaposi's sarcoma
48. In an EKG - What is the QT interval?
Polyarteritis nodosum
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
Stable angina
49. What kind of dysfunction ensues in restrictive cardiomyopathy
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Diastolic
Increased SV
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
50. Which enzyme rises after 4 hours and is elevated for 7 to 10 days after an MI?
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Troponin I
Fast volatge gated Na channels
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved