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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. congenital heart defect with marfan's
TAPVR
Cystic hygroma
Hematocrit
Aortic insuffic - late
2. progressive lengthening of PR until beat is dropped - a p wave not followed by QRS
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Dec plasma proteins
SV/ EDV
3. On the cardiac cycle graph - on which corners do the opening and closing of the aortic and mitral valves occur?
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
7 weeks
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
4. Which murmur is characteristic of mitral/tricuspid regurg?
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Aortic insuffic - late
Transfusion
Holosystoiic
5. How does a patient with Tet of fallot learn to improve symptoms?
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
6. Which valve is most commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis?
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Mitral valve
Wegener's
7. What is the S2 sound?
Fluid movement through capillaries
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Ventricles are depolarized
8. with what heart sounds do ASD usually present?
Cystic hygroma
The first 4 days
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
9. What is the cushing triad?
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Increased SV
10. What causes orthopnea?
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Left heart failure
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
Inc Kf - capillary perm
11. prolonged PR interval
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
The operating point of the heart
1st degree AV blodck
12. which ethnic groups have higher association with HTN?
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Black > white > asian
Dec plasma proteins
13. What does FROM JANE stand for in bacterial endocarditis?
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14. what percentage of HTN is secondary to renal disease?
10%
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Isovolumetric contraction
15. What does increasing intracellular Ca do?
Increase contractility
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
16. Which class of drugs decrease preload
During diastole
Preload
The plateau period
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
17. Which enzyme rises after 4 hours and is elevated for 7 to 10 days after an MI?
Troponin I
Lymphangiosarcoma
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Myxoma
18. What is the definition of HTN?
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Group a beta hemolytic strep
140/90
19. What supplies the posterior left ventricle?
CFX
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
CK- MB
Atherosclerosis
20. Does blood flow across the actual ASD account for abnormal heart sounds? What is the reason?
Atrial contraction
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
No - no pressure gradient
Glomus tumor
21. sawtooth wave
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22. What do the carotid and aortic bodies respond to?
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Infective endocarditis
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
23. highly lethal malignancy of the liver - associated with vinyl chloride - arsenic - and thorosrast exposure
HypoK and bradycardia
Cystic hygroma
Angiosarcoma
RV failure - in venous pressure
24. Why is there edema after burns or during infection
V fib arrhythima
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
No - no pressure gradient
25. What constitues the upstroke in pacemaker cells?
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
Lymphangiosarcoma
Raynaud's
Volatage gated Ca channels
26. When do you find hemosiderin laden macrophages in the lungs?
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Hemorrhage
Dilation
27. Which organ gets the largest share of systemic cardiac output
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
Liver
Babies
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
28. What happens with a decrease of extracellular Na
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
If sodium channel
29. Unilateral headache - jaw claudication - impaired vision
Left sided
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
No
Angiosarcoma
30. Irregularly irregular ECG - no p waves: dx and treatment
C - ANCA
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Inc blood volume
31. In terms of starling forces - why does heart failure cause edema?
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Increase in Pc
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
32. port wine stains on face - intracerebral AVM - siezures - early onset glaucoma - congenital
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
In parallel
LCX - I - aVL
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
33. What stimulates release of calcium from the SR?
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
Can progess to V fib
Infective endocarditis
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
34. benign - painful - red - blue tumor under fingernails from smooth muscle cells
Isovolumetric contraction
Glomus tumor
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
1st degree AV blodck
35. What does HTN predispose to?
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
Transposition of great vessels
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Atherosclerosis
36. How do beta blockers decrease contractility?
Decrease in cAMP
TAPVR
Vagus to medulla
Arteriorles
37. Which lab value indicates blood viscosity?
EKG
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Hematocrit
38. delta wave on ECG - accesory conduction pathway from atria to ventricles - reentry leading to supraventricular tachycardia
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
39. What does FEVERSS stand for in rheumatic heart disease
Unstable/crescendo angina
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Atherosclerosis
EKG
40. The carotid sinus transmits along which nerve?
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
CFX
Kawasaki
41. Do dihydropyridine or non - dihyrdropyridine Ca channel blockers decrease contractility
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Non
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
Wegener's
42. Where does coronary artery occlusion occur most commonly?
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
LAD
43. What is the machine like murmur? What is the heart pathology and the predisposing causes
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Persistant truncus arteriosus
44. What does T wave inversion indicated?
Kids
Turners
MI
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
45. 2/3 diastolic + 1/3 systolic
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
MAP
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
46. In an anterior wall infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
Myxoma
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
LAD - V1 - V4
47. What are the different etiologies of dialted cardiomyopathy
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Atherosclerosis
Kids
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
48. systolic - diastolic
Pulse pressure
EKG
Increase contractility
Increased SV
49. necrotizing granulomas in lung and upper airways - nectrotizing GN - small vessel vasculitis
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50. What kind of infarct show ST depression
Subendocardial
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Babies
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection