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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When is the scar completely formed in an MI?
7 weeks
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Increase contractility
The first 4 days
2. S3 - dilated heart on US - balloon appearance on CXR - eccentric hypertrophy
In parallel
SV/ EDV
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Dilated cardiomyopathy
3. smaller vegetations - congenitally abnormal or diseased valves - sequela of dental procedures. Insidious onset
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Granuloma with giant cells
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
Viridans streptococci
4. What are aschoff bodies
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
MI
Activated histiocytes
Granuloma with giant cells
5. machine murmer
PDA
Mitral stenosis
Mitral valve prolapse
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
6. What does hypoxia cause in the lung versus other tissues?
In series
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Transfusion
7. stroke volume x HR =?
7 weeks
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
CO
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
8. benign capillary skin papules in AIDS patients mistaken for kaposi sarcoma - caused by bartonella henselae
The first 4 days
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
...
9. Which bacteria can cause endocarditis from prosthetic valves?
LAD
S. epidermidis
If sodium channel
1st degree AV blodck
10. dyspnea - fatigue - edema and rales - multiple causes
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
CHF
RF
11. retrosternal chest main with exertion - ST depression on ECG - likely due atherosclerosis
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Stable angina
Group a beta hemolytic strep
TAPVR
12. How do beta blockers decrease contractility?
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Ventricles are depolarized
Decrease in cAMP
13. Given P = QR - what factors influence resistance?
Fick principle
Kids
In series
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
14. Which organ gets the largest share of systemic cardiac output
Liver
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
Cardiac tamponde
15. failure of truncus arteriosus to divide?
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Right sided
16. What is the S1 sound?
Mitral and tricuspid closure
No
LAD
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
17. What causes the CO curve to shift downwards?
In parallel
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Wegener's
Decreases
18. How does digitatlis increase contractility?
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
19. Wegener's tx
Fast volatge gated Na channels
Vasodilators
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
The plateau period
20. which medications are used to maintain patency or close the ductus arteriosus?
Vagus to medulla
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
21. in the JVP - What is the a wave?
Atrial contraction
LCX - V4- V6
CFX
Mitral valve
22. Which bacteria causes rheumatic heart disease
140/90
Systolic dysfunction
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Decrease in cAMP
23. Which class of drugs decreases afterload?
MAP
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
LAD
24. lymphatic malignancy associated with persistant lymphadema - post radical mastectomy
Lymphangiosarcoma
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Early deaths from myocarditis
25. When do you see extensive coagulative necrosis in an MI
Coarcation of aorta
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Atherosclerosis
26. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the right?
Transfusion
CO
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
27. What can cause mitral prolapse?
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Decreases
Left heart failure
28. Weak pulses - notching of the ribs on xray - HTN in upper extremeties and weak peripheral pulses
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Adult type aortic coarctation
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
29. When does EF decrease
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Coarcation of aorta
Troponin I
In HF
30. Central chemoreceptors do not respond directly to which parameter?
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
P02
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
31. How are the sarcomeres added in eccentric hypertrophy?
No
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
In series
Aortic insuffic - late
32. What do the carotid and aortic bodies respond to?
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Increase in Pc
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
33. What masks atrial repolarization?
QRS complex
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
34. What other syndrom is associated with infantile aortic coarctation
S. aureus
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Turners
Kaposi's sarcoma
35. bacterial endocarditis - previously normal valves - rapid onset - Which bacteria?
Vagus to medulla
S. aureus
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
36. Which area of the endocardium is especially vulnerable to infarction? Why?
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Libman - sacks endocarditis
37. What is the machine like murmur? What is the heart pathology and the predisposing causes
Holosystoiic
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
38. EDV is also known as
Preload
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Aortic insuffic - late
...
39. In the evolution of an MI - when the risk for free wall rupture - tamponade - papillary muscle rupture - or interventricular septal rupture the hightest? Why?
Pulse pressure
Volatage gated Ca channels
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
40. In an EKG - What is the QRS complex?
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
At least 55%
41. Right to left shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Babies
42. benign cap hemangioma of infancy - spont regresses
Can progess to V fib
Strawberry hemangioma
Raynaud's
Infective endocarditis
43. decrease stretch in baroreceptors leads to what response?
The first 4 days
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
44. What is the danger of torsades to pointes?
Can progess to V fib
Ventricles are depolarized
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
SA and AV nodes
45. What is the S2 sound?
Kaposi's sarcoma
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
46. What happends in phase 1 of the ventricular cardiac action potential?
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
CK- MB
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Inc Kf - capillary perm
47. Do you see elevaged ASO titers in rheumatic heart disease
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Yes
48. no change in PR interval followed by dropped beat
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Hemorrhage
49. pulmonary veins drain into right heart circulation (SVC - coronary sinus)
Mitral stenosis
TAPVR
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
50. What is the formula for EF?
Arteriorles
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
SV/ EDV
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click