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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
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Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. How does digitatlis increase contractility?
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Subendocardial
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
2. What causes aortic stenosis
V fib arrhythima
140/90
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Systolic dysfunction
3. In an anterior wall infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
Right sided
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
LAD - V1 - V4
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
4. in the JVP - What is the c wave?
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
RF
5. Given P = QR - what factors influence resistance?
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
6. What are tendinous xanthoma - atheromas - and corneal arcus signs of?
Hyperlipidemia
1st degree AV blodck
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Fast volatge gated Na channels
7. Which area of the endocardium is especially vulnerable to infarction? Why?
Inc Kf - capillary perm
During diastole
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
8. What happens in phase 0 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Stroke volume
9. What causes the murmur heard in tricuspid regurg to enhance
In RA return (inspiration)
Preload
Black > white > asian
Cystic hygroma
10. Equilibration of diastolic pressures in all 4 chambers - decreased CO from compression of heart by fluid in pericardium
Cardiac tamponde
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Infective endocarditis
Black > white > asian
11. benign capillary skin papules in AIDS patients mistaken for kaposi sarcoma - caused by bartonella henselae
...
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Fick principle
Mitral valve prolapse
12. What constitues the upstroke in pacemaker cells?
Volatage gated Ca channels
Can progess to V fib
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Fluid movement through capillaries
13. Fatal arrhythmia
Decrease in cAMP
Inc blood volume
Greater ventricular EDV
V fib
14. What are the complications from bacterial endocarditis?
Holosystoiic
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
15. Exercise - overtransfusiion and excitiment causes and increase in...?
TAPVR
Inc blood volume
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Preload
16. What does the U wave indicated?
Coarcation of aorta
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
HypoK and bradycardia
V fib arrhythima
17. PCWP is an estimate of...
Left atrial pressure
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Hyperlipidemia
18. What is the progression of atherosclerosis?
Black > white > asian
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
19. Most common vasculitis affecting medium and large arteries
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
Right sided
Pos inotropy - exercise
Temporal arteritis
20. which heart valves are afected most in rheumatic heart diseease
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Greater ventricular EDV
Takayasu's arteritis
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
21. What causes aortic regurg
Kawasaki
Fluid movement through capillaries
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Increased SV
22. Right to left shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Babies
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
140/90
23. what conditions are associated with pulsus paradoxus
S. aureus
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Vasodilators
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
24. Which sympathetic receptors raise MAP
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
MI
CHF
25. pulseless disease - granulomatous thickening of the aortic arch and/or proximal great vessels - elev ESR - asian females > 40
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26. What causes the CO curve to shift downwards?
Subendocardial
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
27. which medications are used to maintain patency or close the ductus arteriosus?
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Boot shaped heart
Changes in CO as a function of preload
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
28. benign cap hemangioma of infancy - spont regresses
Strawberry hemangioma
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
Arteriorles
29. What is the characteristic pulse in aortic stenosis?
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Babies
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
30. Which enzyme rises after 4 hours and is elevated for 7 to 10 days after an MI?
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Troponin I
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
31. What kind of dysfunction ensues in restrictive cardiomyopathy
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Diastolic
Turners
32. decrease blood flow to the skin due to arteriolar vasospasm in cold temp - emotional stress - also in SLE and CREST
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33. Which class of drugs decrease preload
Yes
Kawasaki
Wegener's
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
34. What happends in phase 1 of the ventricular cardiac action potential?
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
CHF
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
35. What is a normal EF
Angiosarcoma
Glomus tumor
At least 55%
Buerger's disease
36. What happens with a decrease of extracellular Na
Aortic insuffic - late
SV/ EDV
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
37. What does TAPVR stand for
Kaposi's sarcoma
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
38. list the coronary vessels most likely to be occluded
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Coarcation of aorta
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
39. What causes the ejection click in the Cres - decres murmur?
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
ASD
Group a beta hemolytic strep
40. Why is there edema after burns or during infection
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
Cardiac tamponde
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
41. Which valve is commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis from IV drug use and Which bacteria are most common?
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42. When do you find hemosiderin laden macrophages in the lungs?
Activated histiocytes
TAPVR
P02
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
43. In a lateral wall infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Rhabdomyomas
LCX - I - aVL
Can progess to V fib
44. What does FAN MY SKIN On Wednesday stand for?
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
If sodium channel
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
45. When and why do you hear the S4 sound
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Systolic dysfunction
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
46. What does the atria release in response to inc blood volume and atrial pressure
ANP
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Group a beta hemolytic strep
In series
47. What does an isoelectric ST segment indicate?
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Ventricles are depolarized
48. In terms of starling forces - why does nephrotic syndrome or liver failure cause edems
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
Dec plasma proteins
RV failure - in venous pressure
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
49. what happens to capillaries in lymphatic blockage
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
50. What is the classic X ray finding for tet of fallot?
Boot shaped heart
Ventricles are depolarized
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Mean arterial pressure
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