Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What causes the early cyanosis in Tet of Fallot?
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Temporal arteritis
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve

2. congenital heart defect withdown syndrome
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
10%
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components

3. coronary artery spasm - ST elevation
Prinzmetal angina
V fib arrhythima
Atrial contraction
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression

4. What are the 5 T's of cyanoitc babies
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Vasodilators
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia

5. How does angiotensin II raise MAP
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Truncus - tet of fallot
Vasocxn
RF

6. Which class of drugs decrease preload
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Takayasu's arteritis
Torsades de pointes

7. Unilateral headache - jaw claudication - impaired vision
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
TAPVR
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS

8. benign - painful - red - blue tumor under fingernails from smooth muscle cells
RV failure - in venous pressure
Glomus tumor
Arteriorles
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus

9. which medications are used to maintain patency or close the ductus arteriosus?
No - no pressure gradient
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Atherosclerosis
Boot shaped heart

10. most common primary cardiac tumor in children - associated with tuberous sclerosis
Kaposi's sarcoma
Mean arterial pressure
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Rhabdomyomas

11. What is the early and late lesion in rheumatic heart disease
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Mitral valve prolapse
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
QRS complex

12. What is the time frame for arrhythmia risk in the evolution of MI
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Fluid movement through capillaries
The first 4 days

13. Exercise - overtransfusiion and excitiment causes and increase in...?
Preload
Kawasaki
Atherosclerosis
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA

14. What are tendinous xanthoma - atheromas - and corneal arcus signs of?
Mitral valve prolapse
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Hyperlipidemia

15. When do you find hemosiderin laden macrophages in the lungs?
Kidney
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
During diastole
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure

16. What is sudden cardiac death most commonly due to...
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
SV/ EDV
Wegener's
V fib arrhythima

17. Given P = QR - what factors influence resistance?
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Left heart failure
Lymphangiosarcoma

18. moncekberg
RCA
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Libman - sacks endocarditis

19. What happens in phase 2 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Activated histiocytes
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Atherosclerosis
Right sided

20. Which enzyme rises after 4 hours and is elevated for 7 to 10 days after an MI?
Troponin I
Boot shaped heart
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
MAP

21. exaggerated decrease in pulse during inspiration.

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

22. Which murmur is characteristic of mitral/tricuspid regurg?
Strawberry hemangioma
Holosystoiic
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis

23. Chronic mitral stenosis can lead to what changes in size of the LA
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
Dilation
The plateau period
Eisenmenger's syndrome

24. Do dihydropyridine or non - dihyrdropyridine Ca channel blockers decrease contractility
RF
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
Torsades de pointes
Non

25. in the JVP - What is the c wave?
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis

26. most common heart tumor
CHF
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
MI
Vagus to medulla

27. progressive lengthening of PR until beat is dropped - a p wave not followed by QRS
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%

28. What does the LAD supply?
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Mitral valve prolapse
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Increase in Pc

29. absecnce of tricuspid valve - hypoplastic RV
7 weeks
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli

30. decrease stretch in baroreceptors leads to what response?
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Inc Kf - capillary perm
The plateau period

31. What is the difference between the fetal and neonatal direction of blood flow in a patent ductus arteriosus
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope

32. fibrous plaques and atheromas in intima of arteries
Can progess to V fib
Left heart failure
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
Atherosclerosis

33. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the left?
Hemorrhage
In series
Systolic dysfunction
Diastolic

34. What other congenital abnormality is necessary for life for a patient with transposition of the great vesses?
Myxoma
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Cherry hemangioma

35. What does HTN predispose to?
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Coarcation of aorta
Infective endocarditis

36. disruption of the vasa vasorum of aorta - dilation of aorta and valve ring - tree bark appearance (calcifications on aortic root)
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence

37. How are the sarcomeres added in eccentric hypertrophy?
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
In series
140/90
Increase - increase the chance the If are open

38. What cardiac change occurs in pregnancy?
Glomus tumor
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Hyperlipidemia
Increased SV

39. retrosternal chest main with exertion - ST depression on ECG - likely due atherosclerosis
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Stable angina
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
140/90

40. What does prolonged QT predispose to?
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Ventricles are depolarized
Torsades de pointes

41. Rank the pacemakers cells
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure

42. MAP is also known as
Myxoma
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)

43. sudden death in young atheletes - S4 - apical impulses - outflow obstruction
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Left heart failure
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Lymphangiosarcoma

44. What is associated with paradoxical spliting of S2
Kidney
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Aortic stenosis or LBBB

45. What constitues the upstroke in pacemaker cells?
In HF
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Volatage gated Ca channels
LAD - V1- V2

46. What is the classic X ray finding for tet of fallot?
Transposition of great vessels
Temporal arteritis
Boot shaped heart
Hemorrhage

47. The aortic arch receptors transmit along which nerve?
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
Pulse pressure
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Vagus to medulla

48. Most common vasculitis affecting medium and large arteries
Subendocardial
Temporal arteritis
S. bovis
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura

49. What happens in phase 3 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels

50. bacterial endocarditis - previously normal valves - rapid onset - Which bacteria?
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
S. aureus
Viridans streptococci
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension