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Cardiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. EDV - ESV
V fib arrhythima
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Stroke volume

2. Exercise - overtransfusiion and excitiment causes and increase in...?
Preload
Temporal arteritis
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Wegener's

3. How does aldosterone raise MAP
Atherosclerosis
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
Inc blood volume

4. What murmur is heard with aortic regurg?
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Dilation
SV/ EDV
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation

5. with what heart sounds do ASD usually present?
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Buerger's disease
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression

6. disease of elastic arteries and large and medium sized muscular arteries
Atherosclerosis
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Stroke volume
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles

7. In an EKG - What is the QT interval?
Torsades de pointes
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Eisenmenger's syndrome
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles

8. What is a normal EF
ANP
At least 55%
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Unstable/crescendo angina

9. highly lethal malignancy of the liver - associated with vinyl chloride - arsenic - and thorosrast exposure
Atrial contraction
Ventricular repolarization
Angiosarcoma
The first 4 days

10. p - anca

11. friction rub - 3-5 days post MI
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Decreases
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis

12. most common heart tumor
Myxoma
Vagus to medulla
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma

13. What stimulates release of calcium from the SR?
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
EKG
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release

14. congenital heart defect with turner's
Coarcation of aorta
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
RCA

15. If HR is too fast (V tach) what happens during diastole?
Gap junctions
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Transposition of great vessels

16. Where does coronary artery occlusion occur most commonly?
Decreases
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
LAD
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload

17. dyspnea - fatigue - edema and rales - multiple causes
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Turners
CHF

18. benign cap hemangioma of infancy - spont regresses
Strawberry hemangioma
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Atherosclerosis
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli

19. bening capillary hemangioma of elderly - does not regress
CFX
CO
Cherry hemangioma
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click

20. What causes the CO curve to shift upwards?
No - no pressure gradient
QRS complex
Pos inotropy - exercise
V fib arrhythima

21. necrotizing granulomas in lung and upper airways - nectrotizing GN - small vessel vasculitis

22. benign - painful - red - blue tumor under fingernails from smooth muscle cells
ASD
Glomus tumor
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose

23. Wegener's presentation
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
RCA - II - III - aVF
Fast volatge gated Na channels
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea

24. What is the formula for EF?
ANP
Fluid movement through capillaries
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
SV/ EDV

25. In an anterolateral infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
LCX - V4- V6
The operating point of the heart
Atherosclerosis
Mean arterial pressure

26. Which enzyme rises after 4 hours and is elevated for 7 to 10 days after an MI?
Turners
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Troponin I
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD

27. moncekberg
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Mitral and tricuspid closure

28. port wine stains on face - intracerebral AVM - siezures - early onset glaucoma - congenital
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
S. aureus
Strawberry hemangioma

29. What does prolonged QT predispose to?
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Torsades de pointes
RCA
Decrease in cAMP

30. What does the U wave indicated?
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
MI
HypoK and bradycardia
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)

31. In an EKG - What is the p wave?
MAP
Prinzmetal angina
HypoK and bradycardia
Atrial contraction

32. What causes the CO curve to shift downwards?
Atherosclerosis
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis

33. Which bacteria can cause endocarditis from prosthetic valves?
Stable angina
Increase in Pc
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
S. epidermidis

34. When does EF decrease
S. bovis
SV/ EDV
In HF
EKG

35. What kind of dysfunction ensues in restrictive cardiomyopathy
Left atrial pressure
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Diastolic

36. What is associated with paradoxical spliting of S2
S. bovis
The first 4 days
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Adult type aortic coarctation

37. What can cause mitral prolapse?
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Raynaud's
Non
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia

38. Rank the pacemakers cells
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Granuloma with giant cells
Arteriorles
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles

39. what happens to capillaries in lymphatic blockage
Cystic hygroma
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Polyarteritis nodosum
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries

40. What happens in phase 0 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
During diastole

41. polypoid capillary hemangioma that can ulcerate and bleed
Viridans streptococci
Can progess to V fib
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea

42. serum marker for wegener's
In RA return (inspiration)
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
C - ANCA

43. immune mediated transmural vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis - small and medium vessels - renal and viscera - not pulm arteries - hep B seropos in 30% of pts
Polyarteritis nodosum
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids

44. Rank the following by speed of conduction - av node - atria - purkinjee - ventricles
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR

45. What are the complications from bacterial endocarditis?
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Turners

46. disruption of the vasa vasorum of aorta - dilation of aorta and valve ring - tree bark appearance (calcifications on aortic root)
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Left sided
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence

47. What is the danger of torsades to pointes?
Lymphangiosarcoma
Can progess to V fib
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
1st degree AV blodck

48. What is the S2 sound?
S. aureus
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Truncus - tet of fallot
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles

49. thrombosis w/o necrosis - ST elevation - worsening chest pain at rest or with minimal exertion
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Unstable/crescendo angina
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec

50. What kind of infarct show ST depression
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Subendocardial
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR