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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. prolonged PR interval
Fluid movement through capillaries
Black > white > asian
1st degree AV blodck
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
2. what happens to capillaries in lymphatic blockage
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
3. How are cadiac myocytes eltrically coupled?
Isovolumetric contraction
Greater ventricular EDV
Gap junctions
Holosystoiic
4. Given P = QR - what factors influence resistance?
Kawasaki
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
5. What happens in phase 3 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Volatage gated Ca channels
Prinzmetal angina
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
6. How do beta blockers decrease contractility?
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
MI
Decrease in cAMP
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
7. EDV is also known as
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Preload
Aortic insuffic - late
8. What does hypoxia cause in the lung versus other tissues?
During diastole
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Decreased
Libman - sacks endocarditis
9. Mitral stenosis is most often secondary to which condition?
RF
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Hyperlipidemia
10. In an EKG - What is the QT interval?
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Dilation
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
11. Rank the following by speed of conduction - av node - atria - purkinjee - ventricles
Diastolic
Fast volatge gated Na channels
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
12. Which bacteria causes rheumatic heart disease
Group a beta hemolytic strep
MI
The first 4 days
Truncus - tet of fallot
13. bening capillary hemangioma of elderly - does not regress
Kids
Cherry hemangioma
RV failure - in venous pressure
Mitral valve
14. Does blood flow across the actual ASD account for abnormal heart sounds? What is the reason?
Increase in Pc
No - no pressure gradient
Pulse pressure
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
15. Which artery supplies the SA and AV nodes?
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
RCA
16. What is associated with paradoxical spliting of S2
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Preload
Increase in Pc
Pulse pressure
17. What is the result of not have fast sodium channels in pacemaker cells?
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
In RA return (inspiration)
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
18. Do dihydropyridine or non - dihyrdropyridine Ca channel blockers decrease contractility
Infective endocarditis
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Non
Decreases
19. In a lateral wall infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
LCX - I - aVL
LAD
20. MAP is also known as
S. bovis
Fluid movement through capillaries
Resting potential high K perm
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
21. What does TAPVR stand for
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Cystic hygroma
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
LAD
22. What kind of dysfunction ensues in restrictive cardiomyopathy
Kaposi's sarcoma
Diastolic
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
RCA - II - III - aVF
23. S3 - dilated heart on US - balloon appearance on CXR - eccentric hypertrophy
Dilated cardiomyopathy
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
24. SV CAP means?
Strawberry hemangioma
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Gap junctions
25. What other syndrom is associated with infantile aortic coarctation
10%
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Turners
The operating point of the heart
26. The carotid sinus transmits along which nerve?
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Preload
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
27. What is the cushing triad?
Preload
Systolic dysfunction
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Hemorrhage
28. Chronic mitral stenosis can lead to what changes in size of the LA
Dilation
In HF
Transposition of great vessels
Ventricular repolarization
29. What is the most common cause of MI
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Wegener's
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
30. What causes the CO curve to shift downwards?
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
HypoK and bradycardia
Mitral and tricuspid closure
31. Which enzymes are useful for diagnosing reinfarction
Babies
Raynaud's
CK- MB
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
32. What does the LAD supply?
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
140/90
Dressler's - autoimmune
33. What other sign is often present with congenital long QT syndrome - why?
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
RCA - II - III - aVF
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
34. What do the starling forces determine
RCA
Cherry hemangioma
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Fluid movement through capillaries
35. Which organ has ht highest blood flow per gram of tissue
Kidney
Cherry hemangioma
RV failure - in venous pressure
Ventricles are depolarized
36. What causes the cushing reflex and why
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
LAD - V1 - V4
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
37. What causes the ejection click in the Cres - decres murmur?
Kidney
During diastole
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
38. Which murmur is heard in aortic stenosis?
Activated histiocytes
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
39. What causes tet of fallot?
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Stroke volume
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
40. What causes the midsystolic click
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
S. aureus
41. What is the formula for EF?
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Polyarteritis nodosum
SV/ EDV
42. In the cardiac cycle - which period has the highest 02 consumption?
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Strawberry hemangioma
Isovolumetric contraction
Persistant truncus arteriosus
43. benign capillary skin papules in AIDS patients mistaken for kaposi sarcoma - caused by bartonella henselae
Prinzmetal angina
PDA
Unstable/crescendo angina
...
44. What happens in phase 2 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Liver
Transposition of great vessels
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
45. What does an isoelectric ST segment indicate?
No
Libman - sacks endocarditis
HypoK and bradycardia
Ventricles are depolarized
46. In an anterolateral infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
LCX - V4- V6
Preload
Dec plasma proteins
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
47. Which bacteria can cause endocarditis from prosthetic valves?
Stable angina
S. epidermidis
Vasocxn
Cherry hemangioma
48. What does FEVERSS stand for in rheumatic heart disease
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Vagus to medulla
49. In what disease states is blood viscosity increased?
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Rhabdomyomas
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Polyarteritis nodosum
50. In an EKG - What is the p wave?
LCX - V4- V6
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Atrial contraction
EKG