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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. retrosternal chest main with exertion - ST depression on ECG - likely due atherosclerosis
Myxoma
Stable angina
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
2. exaggerated decrease in pulse during inspiration.
3. What are aschoff bodies
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Granuloma with giant cells
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
4. Chronic mitral stenosis can lead to what changes in size of the LA
S. epidermidis
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Dilation
CO
5. clinical signs of cardiac tamponade
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Holosystoiic
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
6. rate of 02 consumption/ arterial 02 - venous 02 ccontent=CO
TAPVR
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Fick principle
P02
7. Which vessels account for the most total peripheral resistance
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Arteriorles
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
8. What supplies the posterior left ventricle?
CFX
Early deaths from myocarditis
Atherosclerosis
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
9. What causes the early cyanosis in Tet of Fallot?
Dressler's - autoimmune
Mitral valve
Left sided
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
10. What does FAN MY SKIN On Wednesday stand for?
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Kawasaki
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
11. When during cardiac nodal cells depolarize?
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Angiosarcoma
LAD - V1 - V4
During diastole
12. In an EKG - What is the p wave?
Hemorrhage
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
Atrial contraction
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
13. what percentage of HTN is secondary to renal disease?
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
10%
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Glomus tumor
14. prolonged PR interval
Mitral stenosis
140/90
1st degree AV blodck
RCA
15. What does increasing intracellular Ca do?
Increase contractility
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
16. How do catecholamines increase contractility?
Atherosclerosis
Inc blood volume
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
17. highly lethal malignancy of the liver - associated with vinyl chloride - arsenic - and thorosrast exposure
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Angiosarcoma
18. What causes aortic regurg
S. epidermidis
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
MI
19. Rank the pacemakers cells
CFX
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Decreases
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
20. What happens with a decrease of extracellular Na
Cystic hygroma
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
ANP
21. When does EF decrease
In HF
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Dec plasma proteins
22. necrotizing granulomas in lung and upper airways - nectrotizing GN - small vessel vasculitis
23. Which murmur do you hear in mitral stenosis?
Stable angina
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Pulse pressure
24. S3 - dilated heart on US - balloon appearance on CXR - eccentric hypertrophy
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Gap junctions
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
25. SV CAP means?
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Lymphangiosarcoma
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
26. sudden death in young atheletes - S4 - apical impulses - outflow obstruction
In parallel
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
27. What is the gold standard for dx of MI in the first 6 hours
EKG
Increased SV
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Transfusion
28. How are cadiac myocytes eltrically coupled?
Gap junctions
7 weeks
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
29. Where are pacemaker cells?
Kaposi's sarcoma
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
In series
SA and AV nodes
30. What does the U wave indicated?
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Infective endocarditis
HypoK and bradycardia
31. what conditions are associated with pulsus paradoxus
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Non
32. What is sudden cardiac death most commonly due to...
Transmural
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
V fib arrhythima
ASD
33. What is the classic X ray finding for tet of fallot?
No
RF
Boot shaped heart
Diastolic
34. dyspnea - fatigue - edema and rales - multiple causes
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
HypoK and bradycardia
CHF
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
35. Which bacteria causes endocarditis in the presence of colon cancer
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
S. bovis
PDA
No - no pressure gradient
36. immune mediated transmural vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis - small and medium vessels - renal and viscera - not pulm arteries - hep B seropos in 30% of pts
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Strawberry hemangioma
Subendocardial
Polyarteritis nodosum
37. The cause of dyspnea on exertion?
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Troponin I
Hematocrit
TAPVR
38. In terms of starling forces - why does heart failure cause edema?
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Increase in Pc
V fib arrhythima
In RA return (inspiration)
39. Which bacteria can cause endocarditis from prosthetic valves?
S. epidermidis
ASD
Transposition of great vessels
If sodium channel
40. What do the starling forces determine
Systolic dysfunction
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Fluid movement through capillaries
Pulse pressure
41. What causes the ejection click in the Cres - decres murmur?
Pulse pressure
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
SA and AV nodes
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
42. Which class of drugs decreases afterload?
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
V fib arrhythima
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
43. When and why is the S3 sound heard?
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Ventricles are depolarized
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
CFX
44. When does extracellular calcium enter the cardiac muscle cells during contraction?
Preload
The plateau period
Resting potential high K perm
Right sided
45. sawtooth wave
46. Which murmur is characteristic of mitral/tricuspid regurg?
Preload
Holosystoiic
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Left sided
47. What other congenital abnormality is necessary for life for a patient with transposition of the great vesses?
Left atrial pressure
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Ventricular repolarization
48. tearing chest pain radiation to the back - associated with marfan
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
49. In an anteroseptal infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Lymphangiosarcoma
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
LAD - V1- V2
50. In an inferior wall infarct - which artery is affected and which leads show Q waves
Preload
RCA - II - III - aVF
Transfusion
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection