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Cardiology
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Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. benign - painful - red - blue tumor under fingernails from smooth muscle cells
Glomus tumor
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Increased SV
2. lymphatic malignancy associated with persistant lymphadema - post radical mastectomy
ASD
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Lymphangiosarcoma
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
3. fibrous plaques and atheromas in intima of arteries
Atrial contraction
Atherosclerosis
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Early deaths from myocarditis
4. What causes hepatomegaly?
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
Turners
Yes
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
5. SV CAP means?
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
6. which ethnic groups have higher association with HTN?
At least 55%
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
CK- MB
Black > white > asian
7. Which class of drugs decrease preload
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
8. Weak pulses - notching of the ribs on xray - HTN in upper extremeties and weak peripheral pulses
Dec plasma proteins
Transposition of great vessels
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
Adult type aortic coarctation
9. What does the U wave indicated?
Hyperlipidemia
HypoK and bradycardia
Resting potential high K perm
Transmural
10. What are the different etiologies of dialted cardiomyopathy
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Inc blood volume
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
11. What is the formula for EF?
SV/ EDV
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
LAD
Unstable/crescendo angina
12. In an anteroseptal infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
MI
LAD - V1- V2
Aortic insuffic - late
Mitral valve prolapse
13. What does the atria release in response to inc blood volume and atrial pressure
Decrease in cAMP
ANP
LCX - V4- V6
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
14. What causes ankle - sacral edema - jugular venous distention
S. bovis
In RA return (inspiration)
SA and AV nodes
RV failure - in venous pressure
15. In what disease states is blood viscosity increased?
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Activated histiocytes
16. Which murmur do you hear in mitral stenosis?
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
17. delta wave on ECG - accesory conduction pathway from atria to ventricles - reentry leading to supraventricular tachycardia
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
RV failure - in venous pressure
RF
18. What is the association with wide S2 splitting?
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
CO
19. What is a normal EF
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
HypoK and bradycardia
P02
At least 55%
20. What does TAPVR stand for
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Gap junctions
Increase in Pc
21. Expiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds
7 weeks
Left sided
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Right sided
22. Inspiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds?
140/90
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
Right sided
23. What happens in phase 4 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Resting potential high K perm
10%
24. The cause of dyspnea on exertion?
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Volatage gated Ca channels
Coarcation of aorta
25. Which artery supplies the inferior portion of the left ventricle and posterior septum?
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
RCA
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Fluid movement through capillaries
26. highly lethal malignancy of the liver - associated with vinyl chloride - arsenic - and thorosrast exposure
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
RCA - II - III - aVF
Angiosarcoma
140/90
27. What does hypoxia cause in the lung versus other tissues?
Yes
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
At least 55%
28. What happens with a decrease of extracellular Na
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Boot shaped heart
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
29. Does blood flow across the actual ASD account for abnormal heart sounds? What is the reason?
No - no pressure gradient
Kids
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
LAD - V1- V2
30. What causes the murmur heard in tricuspid regurg to enhance
Aortic and pulmonary closing
During diastole
Right sided
In RA return (inspiration)
31. acute - self limiting necrotizing vasculitis in children associated with fever - conjunctivitis - strawberry tongue - desquamatous skin rash - lymphadenitis - coronary sinus aneurysms. Seen in asians
Atrial contraction
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Kawasaki
Inc Kf - capillary perm
32. prolonged PR interval
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Yes
CFX
1st degree AV blodck
33. What kind of infarct show ST depression
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Subendocardial
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
34. list the coronary vessels most likely to be occluded
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
LAD > RCA > circumflex
No
Kaposi's sarcoma
35. Hyperplastic onion skinning
Pos inotropy - exercise
During diastole
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
36. What causes the CO curve to shift upwards?
Pos inotropy - exercise
MI
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Pulse pressure
37. What supplies the posterior left ventricle?
CFX
LAD
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Left atrial pressure
38. most common primary cardiac tumor in adults - ball - valve obstruction in left atrium
Myxoma
Ventricular repolarization
Atherosclerosis
SV/ EDV
39. pulseless disease - granulomatous thickening of the aortic arch and/or proximal great vessels - elev ESR - asian females > 40
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40. sawtooth wave
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41. 2/3 diastolic + 1/3 systolic
MAP
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Cherry hemangioma
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
42. L to R shunt becomes R to L due to increase pulm pressures from original congenital heart defect
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43. In an inferior wall infarct - which artery is affected and which leads show Q waves
RCA - II - III - aVF
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Vagus to medulla
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
44. When do you find hemosiderin laden macrophages in the lungs?
SA and AV nodes
At least 55%
Increased SV
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
45. What are the systolic heart sounds
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Mitral valve prolapse
1st degree AV blodck
46. What is association with fixed S2 splitting - does not increase with inspiration
ASD
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Kaposi's sarcoma
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
47. In terms of starling forces - why does nephrotic syndrome or liver failure cause edems
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Dec plasma proteins
CFX
48. progressive lengthening of PR until beat is dropped - a p wave not followed by QRS
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Unstable/crescendo angina
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Truncus - tet of fallot
49. What does prolonged QT predispose to?
Torsades de pointes
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Mean arterial pressure
50. congenital heart defect with marfan's
S. aureus
Aortic insuffic - late
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Mitral and tricuspid closure
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