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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Most common vasculitis affecting medium and large arteries
Temporal arteritis
Left atrial pressure
Kids
LAD - V1 - V4
2. What does the LAD supply?
RF
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
If sodium channel
Decrease in cAMP
3. Do dihydropyridine or non - dihyrdropyridine Ca channel blockers decrease contractility
In HF
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Non
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
4. What causes the murmur heard in MR to enhance?
LAD - V1- V2
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Raynaud's
Truncus - tet of fallot
5. immune mediated transmural vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis - small and medium vessels - renal and viscera - not pulm arteries - hep B seropos in 30% of pts
CHF
Polyarteritis nodosum
Strawberry hemangioma
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
6. When is the scar completely formed in an MI?
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
7 weeks
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
7. bacterial endocarditis - previously normal valves - rapid onset - Which bacteria?
CHF
PDA
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
S. aureus
8. dyspnea - fatigue - edema and rales - multiple causes
Atrial contraction
CHF
Dec plasma proteins
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
9. In an EKG - What is the PR interval?
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
7 weeks
Inc blood volume
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
10. Unilateral headache - jaw claudication - impaired vision
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Ventricular repolarization
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
11. PCWP > LV diastolic pressure
Mitral stenosis
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
12. Which bacteria causes endocarditis in the presence of colon cancer
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
S. bovis
Angiosarcoma
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
13. What is the most common cause of MI
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
LAD
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
14. What does an isoelectric ST segment indicate?
Dec plasma proteins
Ventricles are depolarized
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
15. which ethnic groups have higher association with HTN?
Polyarteritis nodosum
Black > white > asian
Glomus tumor
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
16. What supplies the posterior left ventricle?
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Boot shaped heart
CFX
Inc blood volume
17. What does hypoxia cause in the lung versus other tissues?
1st degree AV blodck
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Liver
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
18. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by Ach or adenosine?
At least 55%
Black > white > asian
Decreases
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
19. What does FAN MY SKIN On Wednesday stand for?
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Fast volatge gated Na channels
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
20. Endothelial malignancy of the skin assocated with HHV-8 and HIV
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21. In an inferior wall infarct - which artery is affected and which leads show Q waves
CK- MB
RCA - II - III - aVF
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
22. What 4 things drive myocardial 02 demand?
Gap junctions
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
23. most common heart tumor
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Pulse pressure
In series
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
24. In an EKG - What is the p wave?
Atrial contraction
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Pos inotropy - exercise
25. In an anterior wall infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
Polyarteritis nodosum
Libman - sacks endocarditis
LAD - V1 - V4
Changes in CO as a function of preload
26. list the coronary vessels most likely to be occluded
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Yes
Buerger's disease
27. Rank the following by speed of conduction - av node - atria - purkinjee - ventricles
Mean arterial pressure
No - no pressure gradient
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
28. congenital heart defect withdown syndrome
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Coarcation of aorta
29. tearing chest pain radiation to the back - associated with marfan
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
LAD - V1- V2
30. What does TAPVR stand for
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
In RA return (inspiration)
31. What happens in phase 0 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
In parallel
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Early deaths from myocarditis
32. If HR is too fast (V tach) what happens during diastole?
Hemorrhage
Wegener's
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
33. which heart valves are afected most in rheumatic heart diseease
Hematocrit
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
RV failure - in venous pressure
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
34. How are cadiac myocytes eltrically coupled?
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
During diastole
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Gap junctions
35. retrosternal chest main with exertion - ST depression on ECG - likely due atherosclerosis
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
Stable angina
During diastole
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
36. SV CAP means?
Kidney
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Temporal arteritis
37. MAP is also known as
SA and AV nodes
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
QRS complex
ANP
38. What constitues the upstroke in pacemaker cells?
Gap junctions
Volatage gated Ca channels
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
39. absecnce of tricuspid valve - hypoplastic RV
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Takayasu's arteritis
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Unstable/crescendo angina
40. Hyperplastic onion skinning
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Strawberry hemangioma
CHF
In RA return (inspiration)
41. In an EKG - What is the T wave?
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Ventricular repolarization
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
42. which medications are used to maintain patency or close the ductus arteriosus?
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Left atrial pressure
CO
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
43. Churg Strauss - presentation and test
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Increase contractility
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
44. What happends in phase 1 of the ventricular cardiac action potential?
No - no pressure gradient
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
45. Which lab value indicates blood viscosity?
Hematocrit
Mitral valve prolapse
SA and AV nodes
Polyarteritis nodosum
46. What masks atrial repolarization?
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
QRS complex
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
Mitral stenosis
47. Which area of the endocardium is especially vulnerable to infarction? Why?
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Systolic dysfunction
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
48. Where does coronary artery occlusion occur most commonly?
EKG
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
LAD
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
49. What causes the midsystolic click
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
EKG
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
50. Which organ has ht highest blood flow per gram of tissue
Kidney
Mitral valve prolapse
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Transfusion