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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Which murmur is heard in aortic stenosis?
Right sided
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
MI
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
2. What cardiac change occurs in pregnancy?
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
Increase contractility
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Increased SV
3. What does FROM JANE stand for in bacterial endocarditis?
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4. port wine stains on face - intracerebral AVM - siezures - early onset glaucoma - congenital
Rhabdomyomas
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
5. Which enzyme rises after 4 hours and is elevated for 7 to 10 days after an MI?
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
Liver
Troponin I
6. The carotid sinus transmits along which nerve?
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Stroke volume
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Fluid movement through capillaries
7. What is the association with wide S2 splitting?
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Transposition of great vessels
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
8. How do beta blockers decrease contractility?
RCA - II - III - aVF
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Decrease in cAMP
CO
9. What is the most common cause of MI
Ventricles are depolarized
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
ASD
10. what happens to capillaries in lymphatic blockage
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Fick principle
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
11. no relation between p waves and QRS intervals - treatment and predisposing factor
Raynaud's
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Inc blood volume
Early deaths from myocarditis
12. Do you see elevaged ASO titers in rheumatic heart disease
Dec plasma proteins
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Yes
Turners
13. Expiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Dressler's - autoimmune
Left sided
The first 4 days
14. Which two mechanisms sense decrease MAP?
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Polyarteritis nodosum
15. in the JVP - What is the c wave?
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
In series
16. In an acute MI - are there any visible changes via LM in the first 2-4 hours
No
At least 55%
Hyperlipidemia
Babies
17. p - anca
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18. disease of elastic arteries and large and medium sized muscular arteries
Dressler's - autoimmune
Atherosclerosis
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
RF
19. Which murmur is heard with VSD?
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
Unstable/crescendo angina
Systolic dysfunction
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
20. The cause of dyspnea on exertion?
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Decreases
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
LAD - V1 - V4
21. What is the formula for EF?
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
SV/ EDV
Stroke volume
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
22. How do catecholamines increase contractility?
Cherry hemangioma
Babies
Dressler's - autoimmune
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
23. What causes aortic regurg
Transposition of great vessels
Mean arterial pressure
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
24. When and why is the S3 sound heard?
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
7 weeks
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
25. Which murmur is characteristic of mitral/tricuspid regurg?
Holosystoiic
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Non
Hematocrit
26. What happens in phase 2 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
MI
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Glomus tumor
27. In an anterolateral infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
LCX - V4- V6
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Pos inotropy - exercise
28. with what heart sounds do ASD usually present?
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
TAPVR
LAD > RCA > circumflex
29. In an EKG - What is the PR interval?
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Greater ventricular EDV
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
30. lymphatic malignancy associated with persistant lymphadema - post radical mastectomy
Left heart failure
Mitral valve
LAD - V1- V2
Lymphangiosarcoma
31. What are the complications of atherosclerosis?
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
Mean arterial pressure
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
32. delta wave on ECG - accesory conduction pathway from atria to ventricles - reentry leading to supraventricular tachycardia
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Yes
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
33. Which class of drugs decreases afterload?
Pulse pressure
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Lymphangiosarcoma
34. In an EKG - What is the p wave?
Preload
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Atrial contraction
35. Which channel accounts for automaticity of the SA and AV nodes?
If sodium channel
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Raynaud's
Rhabdomyomas
36. congenital heart defect withdown syndrome
Increase contractility
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
37. most common primary cardiac tumor in adults - ball - valve obstruction in left atrium
No
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Myxoma
Greater ventricular EDV
38. which ethnic groups have higher association with HTN?
Black > white > asian
ANP
LAD
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
39. Restrictive cardiomyopathy causes
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Holosystoiic
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
40. necrotizing granulomas in lung and upper airways - nectrotizing GN - small vessel vasculitis
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41. In an EKG - What is the QRS complex?
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
MAP
42. When is the scar completely formed in an MI?
Kaposi's sarcoma
LAD - V1- V2
7 weeks
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
43. What causes the early cyanosis in Tet of Fallot?
Can progess to V fib
Volatage gated Ca channels
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
44. How does angiotensin II raise MAP
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Vasocxn
Fast volatge gated Na channels
45. How does a patient with Tet of fallot learn to improve symptoms?
Cystic hygroma
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
46. Which bacteria causes endocarditis in the presence of colon cancer
Black > white > asian
S. bovis
The plateau period
Hyperlipidemia
47. The cause of cardiac dilation?
In RA return (inspiration)
Liver
Greater ventricular EDV
LCX - V4- V6
48. What does the starling curve show?
Changes in CO as a function of preload
...
No
In HF
49. What stimulates release of calcium from the SR?
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
50. What happens in phase 4 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Resting potential high K perm
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Can progess to V fib
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles