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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What causes the murmur heard in MR to enhance?
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
RCA - II - III - aVF
Mean arterial pressure
Left sided
2. skin rash on buttocks and legs - arthralgia - intestinal hemorrhage - abdominal pain - melena. Follows URI - IgA immune complex - most common childhood systemic vasculitis
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
In HF
Boot shaped heart
3. Which organ gets the largest share of systemic cardiac output
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Dressler's - autoimmune
Liver
No - no pressure gradient
4. In an anterior wall infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Stable angina
LAD - V1 - V4
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
5. benign - painful - red - blue tumor under fingernails from smooth muscle cells
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
No - no pressure gradient
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Glomus tumor
6. pulseless disease - granulomatous thickening of the aortic arch and/or proximal great vessels - elev ESR - asian females > 40
7. When and why do you hear the S4 sound
The first 4 days
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Increase in Pc
8. machine murmer
PDA
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
9. What does FROM JANE stand for in bacterial endocarditis?
10. Expiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds
Wegener's
Black > white > asian
Fick principle
Left sided
11. What does T wave inversion indicated?
Angiosarcoma
Diastolic
MI
Torsades de pointes
12. Which enzyme rises after 4 hours and is elevated for 7 to 10 days after an MI?
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Troponin I
Systolic dysfunction
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
13. bacterial endocarditis - previously normal valves - rapid onset - Which bacteria?
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Kids
S. aureus
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
14. dilated tortous veins due to chronically inc venous pressure - poor wound healing - varicose ulcers
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Rhabdomyomas
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
15. rate of 02 consumption/ arterial 02 - venous 02 ccontent=CO
Eisenmenger's syndrome
Fick principle
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
16. Which organ has ht highest blood flow per gram of tissue
Kidney
Atherosclerosis
If sodium channel
ANP
17. How are sarcomeres added in concentric hypertrophy?
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
In parallel
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
The first 4 days
18. Which lab value indicates blood viscosity?
Troponin I
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Hematocrit
19. Wegener's presentation
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Ventricles are depolarized
During diastole
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
20. Wegener's tx
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Gap junctions
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
21. PROVe
The first 4 days
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
22. What other sign is often present with congenital long QT syndrome - why?
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Lymphangiosarcoma
23. What happens in phase 3 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Cardiac tamponde
Truncus - tet of fallot
24. failure of truncus arteriosus to divide?
Boot shaped heart
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
...
25. immune mediated transmural vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis - small and medium vessels - renal and viscera - not pulm arteries - hep B seropos in 30% of pts
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Polyarteritis nodosum
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
26. What are aschoff bodies
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Granuloma with giant cells
Decreased
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
27. How are the sarcomeres added in eccentric hypertrophy?
The operating point of the heart
Diastolic
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
In series
28. Weak pulses - notching of the ribs on xray - HTN in upper extremeties and weak peripheral pulses
Dilation
Takayasu's arteritis
Adult type aortic coarctation
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
29. systolic - diastolic
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Pulse pressure
Dilation
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
30. MAP is also known as
RF
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Yes
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
31. What constitues the upstroke in pacemaker cells?
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Volatage gated Ca channels
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
32. What channels do the the pacemaker cells lack?
Raynaud's
Fast volatge gated Na channels
1st degree AV blodck
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
33. What is associated with paradoxical spliting of S2
Decrease in cAMP
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
HypoK and bradycardia
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
34. Mitral stenosis is most often secondary to which condition?
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
RF
35. Which artery supplies the inferior portion of the left ventricle and posterior septum?
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Inc Kf - capillary perm
RV failure - in venous pressure
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
36. What can cause mitral prolapse?
Lymphangiosarcoma
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Takayasu's arteritis
37. In an acute MI - are there any visible changes via LM in the first 2-4 hours
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Stroke volume
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
No
38. On the cardiac cycle graph - on which corners do the opening and closing of the aortic and mitral valves occur?
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Dressler's - autoimmune
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
39. acute - self limiting necrotizing vasculitis in children associated with fever - conjunctivitis - strawberry tongue - desquamatous skin rash - lymphadenitis - coronary sinus aneurysms. Seen in asians
Truncus - tet of fallot
Hyperlipidemia
Isovolumetric contraction
Kawasaki
40. How does aldosterone raise MAP
Kaposi's sarcoma
Atrial contraction
Can progess to V fib
Inc blood volume
41. In an EKG - What is the T wave?
Mean arterial pressure
Ventricular repolarization
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
42. What does the LAD supply?
Turners
Vagus to medulla
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
During diastole
43. The cause of dyspnea on exertion?
Troponin I
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
44. Irregularly irregular ECG - no p waves: dx and treatment
7 weeks
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Mean arterial pressure
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
45. fibrous plaques and atheromas in intima of arteries
Cardiac tamponde
Resting potential high K perm
Atherosclerosis
Troponin I
46. congenital heart defect with congenital rubella
EKG
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
47. In an EKG - What is the QRS complex?
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Aortic insuffic - late
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
LAD
48. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the left?
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Adult type aortic coarctation
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Hemorrhage
49. What causes the midsystolic click
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Greater ventricular EDV
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
50. in the JVP - What is the a wave?
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Atrial contraction
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae