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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
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Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. congenital heart defect with turner's
Coarcation of aorta
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
If sodium channel
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
2. In normal S2 splitting - which valve closes first? What increases it?
Fluid movement through capillaries
Atrial contraction
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Diastolic
3. cavernous lymphangioma of the neck - associated with turner's
Dilation
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Cystic hygroma
Left heart failure
4. What does TAPVR stand for
Liver
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Boot shaped heart
Angiosarcoma
5. no relation between p waves and QRS intervals - treatment and predisposing factor
Atherosclerosis
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Fluid movement through capillaries
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
6. fibrinous pericarditis several weeks post MI
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7. What stimulates release of calcium from the SR?
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
8. What constitues the upstroke in pacemaker cells?
Unstable/crescendo angina
Volatage gated Ca channels
LCX - V4- V6
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
9. In a lateral wall infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
LCX - I - aVL
Babies
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Raynaud's
10. What is the progression of atherosclerosis?
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
11. What are the four most common locations for atherosclerosis?
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Takayasu's arteritis
12. decrease blood flow to the skin due to arteriolar vasospasm in cold temp - emotional stress - also in SLE and CREST
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13. What is indicated when CO and venous return are equal?
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
The operating point of the heart
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
14. diaphoresis - N/V - severe retrosternal pain - pain in left arm/jaw - SOB - fatigue - adrenergic symptoms
Prinzmetal angina
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Resting potential high K perm
MI
15. no change in PR interval followed by dropped beat
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
16. When and why do you hear the S4 sound
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Non
In HF
17. bening capillary hemangioma of elderly - does not regress
Cherry hemangioma
RCA
CO
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
18. What are the different etiologies of dialted cardiomyopathy
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Yes
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Pulse pressure
19. Wegener's tx
Resting potential high K perm
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
S. bovis
20. Which sympathetic receptors raise MAP
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Aortic insuffic - late
21. What causes the early cyanosis in Tet of Fallot?
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Fluid movement through capillaries
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
Dilation
22. Left to right shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Kids
Left atrial pressure
Fast volatge gated Na channels
23. How do catecholamines increase contractility?
RV failure - in venous pressure
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
Stable angina
24. Where does coronary artery occlusion occur most commonly?
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
LAD
Atrial contraction
25. exaggerated decrease in pulse during inspiration.
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26. What are the diastolic heart sounds?
Dilation
Aortic and pulmonary closing
MI
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
27. dyspnea - fatigue - edema and rales - multiple causes
Transfusion
Vasodilators
Fluid movement through capillaries
CHF
28. In an EKG - What is the T wave?
RF
Wegener's
Ventricular repolarization
Troponin I
29. disease of elastic arteries and large and medium sized muscular arteries
CO
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
Atherosclerosis
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
30. What are common causes of mitral regurg?
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
31. smaller vegetations - congenitally abnormal or diseased valves - sequela of dental procedures. Insidious onset
CO
Isovolumetric contraction
Viridans streptococci
Subendocardial
32. EDV - ESV
Stroke volume
Persistant truncus arteriosus
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Aortic and pulmonary closing
33. What is the association with wide S2 splitting?
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
34. most common primary cardiac tumor in adults - ball - valve obstruction in left atrium
Stable angina
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Myxoma
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
35. What does mitral prolapse predeispose to?
Mitral valve prolapse
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Decreases
Infective endocarditis
36. The aortic arch receptors transmit along which nerve?
Vagus to medulla
...
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
37. What causes the murmur heard in tricuspid regurg to enhance
Dressler's - autoimmune
In RA return (inspiration)
ANP
Polyarteritis nodosum
38. What are anitschkow's cells
Activated histiocytes
Coarcation of aorta
Cherry hemangioma
Diastolic
39. absecnce of tricuspid valve - hypoplastic RV
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Aortic and pulmonary closing
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
40. Which murmur is heard in aortic stenosis?
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Inc blood volume
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
41. Which class of drugs decrease preload
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
42. moncekberg
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Activated histiocytes
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
43. CO x Total peripheral resistance
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Left heart failure
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Mean arterial pressure
44. What is the classic X ray finding for tet of fallot?
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Boot shaped heart
MI
45. Churg Strauss - presentation and test
Temporal arteritis
In parallel
HypoK and bradycardia
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
46. In an anterolateral infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Gap junctions
LCX - V4- V6
Mitral stenosis
47. L to R shunt becomes R to L due to increase pulm pressures from original congenital heart defect
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48. What channels do the the pacemaker cells lack?
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Volatage gated Ca channels
Fast volatge gated Na channels
49. What can cause mitral prolapse?
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Cherry hemangioma
50. In an EKG - What is the PR interval?
Transposition of great vessels
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
ANP
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Sorry!:) No result found.
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