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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Which two mechanisms sense decrease MAP?
Turners
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
2. Which enzyme rises after 4 hours and is elevated for 7 to 10 days after an MI?
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
RCA
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Troponin I
3. What causes orthopnea?
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Hyperlipidemia
4. Which artery supplies the inferior portion of the left ventricle and posterior septum?
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
5. In what disease states is blood viscosity increased?
Systolic dysfunction
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Atherosclerosis
Infective endocarditis
6. lymphatic malignancy associated with persistant lymphadema - post radical mastectomy
Lymphangiosarcoma
Cherry hemangioma
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Right sided
7. What is the machine like murmur? What is the heart pathology and the predisposing causes
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Kaposi's sarcoma
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
8. How does acidosis affect contractility?
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Subendocardial
Decreased
9. When does extracellular calcium enter the cardiac muscle cells during contraction?
P02
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
The plateau period
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
10. What does FROM JANE stand for in bacterial endocarditis?
11. Mitral stenosis is most often secondary to which condition?
Dilation
The operating point of the heart
Cardiac tamponde
RF
12. What 4 things drive myocardial 02 demand?
Mitral stenosis
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
13. machine murmer
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
PDA
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
14. What happens with a decrease of extracellular Na
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
In RA return (inspiration)
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
S. epidermidis
15. thrombosis w/o necrosis - ST elevation - worsening chest pain at rest or with minimal exertion
Unstable/crescendo angina
P02
Inc blood volume
Torsades de pointes
16. How are sarcomeres added in concentric hypertrophy?
In parallel
Fluid movement through capillaries
Atrial contraction
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
17. When and why is the S3 sound heard?
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Aortic insuffic - late
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
18. What is the cushing triad?
In RA return (inspiration)
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
19. Rank the following by speed of conduction - av node - atria - purkinjee - ventricles
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Volatage gated Ca channels
Stroke volume
20. Which murmur is heard with mitral prolapse?
In parallel
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
21. What does FEVERSS stand for in rheumatic heart disease
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
No - no pressure gradient
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Truncus - tet of fallot
22. In normal S2 splitting - which valve closes first? What increases it?
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Gap junctions
Greater ventricular EDV
Decrease in cAMP
23. In terms of starling forces - why does heart failure cause edema?
Mean arterial pressure
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Increase in Pc
Stable angina
24. What does the atria release in response to inc blood volume and atrial pressure
HypoK and bradycardia
ANP
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
25. Expiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Left sided
Transmural
26. What causes aortic stenosis
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
Lymphangiosarcoma
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
LAD - V1- V2
27. What is associated with paradoxical spliting of S2
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Prinzmetal angina
28. What stimulates release of calcium from the SR?
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
29. S3 - dilated heart on US - balloon appearance on CXR - eccentric hypertrophy
Torsades de pointes
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Yes
Diastolic
30. In an EKG - What is the T wave?
MAP
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Ventricular repolarization
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
31. tearing chest pain radiation to the back - associated with marfan
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
32. congenital heart defect with 22q11
Aortic insuffic - late
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Truncus - tet of fallot
33. SV CAP means?
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
In series
34. When do coronary arteries fill?
Granuloma with giant cells
During diastole
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
MI
35. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the right?
Mitral and tricuspid closure
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Transfusion
In HF
36. most common primary cardiac tumor in adults - ball - valve obstruction in left atrium
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Pos inotropy - exercise
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
Myxoma
37. bacterial endocarditis - previously normal valves - rapid onset - Which bacteria?
S. aureus
...
Ventricles are depolarized
Atrial contraction
38. Right to left shunts are more common in babies or kids?
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Mitral stenosis
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Babies
39. Fatal arrhythmia
Stroke volume
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
The operating point of the heart
V fib
40. What masks atrial repolarization?
Vasodilators
Liver
QRS complex
MAP
41. What is the S1 sound?
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Fast volatge gated Na channels
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Fick principle
42. What do the starling forces determine
Inc Kf - capillary perm
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Fluid movement through capillaries
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
43. PCWP > LV diastolic pressure
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Mitral stenosis
S. epidermidis
LAD
44. absecnce of tricuspid valve - hypoplastic RV
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
CHF
Increase contractility
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
45. What other syndrom is associated with infantile aortic coarctation
Kawasaki
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Turners
Hemorrhage
46. bening capillary hemangioma of elderly - does not regress
Viridans streptococci
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Cherry hemangioma
47. clinical signs of cardiac tamponade
Wegener's
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
48. Which organ has the largest arteriovenous difference
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
LAD - V1- V2
CK- MB
RF
49. What are the 5 T's of cyanoitc babies
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Decreases
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
50. What is the most common cause of MI
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
RCA - II - III - aVF
Decrease in cAMP
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery