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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Which artery supplies the SA and AV nodes?
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
RCA
EKG
Systolic dysfunction
2. clinical signs of cardiac tamponade
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
HypoK and bradycardia
3. most common heart tumor
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Pos inotropy - exercise
Dressler's - autoimmune
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
4. What is the definition of HTN?
140/90
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
EKG
Dilation
5. The cause of pulmonary edema - paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?
Dec plasma proteins
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Torsades de pointes
6. What is the early and late lesion in rheumatic heart disease
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
The first 4 days
Mitral valve prolapse
Stable angina
7. Which murmur is heard in aortic stenosis?
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Babies
CK- MB
MI
8. thrombosis w/o necrosis - ST elevation - worsening chest pain at rest or with minimal exertion
Unstable/crescendo angina
Can progess to V fib
Cherry hemangioma
During diastole
9. Which organ has ht highest blood flow per gram of tissue
140/90
Kidney
The operating point of the heart
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
10. What does the U wave indicated?
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
HypoK and bradycardia
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
11. Restrictive cardiomyopathy causes
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
12. serum marker for wegener's
Subendocardial
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
C - ANCA
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
13. Left to right shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Right sided
Kids
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Mitral stenosis
14. Central chemoreceptors do not respond directly to which parameter?
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Cardiac tamponde
P02
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
15. What does T wave inversion indicated?
MI
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Angiosarcoma
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
16. wartiike - sterile vegetations occur on both sides of the valve - commonly causes mitral regurg. SLE causes it
Dilated cardiomyopathy
HypoK and bradycardia
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Libman - sacks endocarditis
17. In an EKG - What is the p wave?
Atrial contraction
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
V fib arrhythima
S. epidermidis
18. Which murmur is heard with VSD?
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Torsades de pointes
Decrease in cAMP
MAP
19. What are aschoff bodies
Liver
Left sided
Granuloma with giant cells
Mitral valve prolapse
20. What is the S1 sound?
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Liver
Torsades de pointes
Mitral and tricuspid closure
21. What is the formula for EF?
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
SV/ EDV
Ventricular repolarization
22. What happens with a decrease of extracellular Na
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
23. Which class of drugs decrease the murmur heard in aortic regurg?
Adult type aortic coarctation
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Vasodilators
24. Which murmur is heard with mitral prolapse?
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Mitral valve
25. How are sarcomeres added in concentric hypertrophy?
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Kidney
In parallel
26. In an acute MI - are there any visible changes via LM in the first 2-4 hours
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Atrial contraction
No
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
27. Which murmur is characteristic of mitral/tricuspid regurg?
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Holosystoiic
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
28. bening capillary hemangioma of elderly - does not regress
V fib
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Cherry hemangioma
Granuloma with giant cells
29. What causes aortic stenosis
LCX - I - aVL
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Granuloma with giant cells
30. What causes orthopnea?
Fick principle
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
31. What supplies the posterior left ventricle?
CFX
Kids
LAD - V1 - V4
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
32. Right to left shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
During diastole
TAPVR
Babies
33. highly lethal malignancy of the liver - associated with vinyl chloride - arsenic - and thorosrast exposure
Gap junctions
Angiosarcoma
Adult type aortic coarctation
Group a beta hemolytic strep
34. How does digitatlis increase contractility?
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Atherosclerosis
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
35. What 4 things drive myocardial 02 demand?
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Decreases
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
36. What is the characteristic pulse in aortic stenosis?
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Decrease in cAMP
Holosystoiic
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
37. Rank the pacemakers cells
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Increase contractility
Aortic insuffic - late
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
38. In an EKG - What is the T wave?
In series
RV failure - in venous pressure
Ventricular repolarization
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
39. no change in PR interval followed by dropped beat
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
40. What is sudden cardiac death most commonly due to...
Can progess to V fib
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
V fib arrhythima
41. What causes ankle - sacral edema - jugular venous distention
CO
Adult type aortic coarctation
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
RV failure - in venous pressure
42. PROVe
Lymphangiosarcoma
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Truncus - tet of fallot
43. What is the most common cause of right heart failure
Left heart failure
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Decrease in cAMP
44. diaphoresis - N/V - severe retrosternal pain - pain in left arm/jaw - SOB - fatigue - adrenergic symptoms
Kawasaki
MI
Coarcation of aorta
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
45. acute - self limiting necrotizing vasculitis in children associated with fever - conjunctivitis - strawberry tongue - desquamatous skin rash - lymphadenitis - coronary sinus aneurysms. Seen in asians
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Transposition of great vessels
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Kawasaki
46. What is the S2 sound?
TAPVR
EKG
Arteriorles
Aortic and pulmonary closing
47. Which kind of infarct show ST elevation - and/or pathologic Q waves
LCX - I - aVL
S. aureus
Transmural
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
48. What other syndrom is associated with infantile aortic coarctation
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Turners
Kawasaki
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
49. When do coronary arteries fill?
S. epidermidis
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
During diastole
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
50. SV CAP means?
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Mitral stenosis
Gap junctions
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload