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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What do patients die early from in rheumatic heart disease?
Ventricles are depolarized
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
P02
Early deaths from myocarditis
2. How are sarcomeres added in concentric hypertrophy?
In parallel
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
Decreased
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
3. EDV - ESV
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Left sided
Stroke volume
4. What causes the midsystolic click
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Prinzmetal angina
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
5. Which lab value indicates blood viscosity?
S. epidermidis
During diastole
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
Hematocrit
6. The 7 complications of MI
7. What causes orthopnea?
140/90
V fib
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
8. What is the difference between the fetal and neonatal direction of blood flow in a patent ductus arteriosus
LAD
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
MAP
9. What are anitschkow's cells
Atherosclerosis
Rhabdomyomas
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Activated histiocytes
10. Which valve is commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis from IV drug use and Which bacteria are most common?
11. What masks atrial repolarization?
QRS complex
Coarcation of aorta
140/90
Boot shaped heart
12. benign - painful - red - blue tumor under fingernails from smooth muscle cells
EKG
TAPVR
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Glomus tumor
13. Which bacteria causes rheumatic heart disease
Group a beta hemolytic strep
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Viridans streptococci
RF
14. EDV is also known as
Adult type aortic coarctation
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
S. aureus
Preload
15. Which bacteria can cause endocarditis from prosthetic valves?
S. epidermidis
EKG
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
16. Where does coronary artery occlusion occur most commonly?
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
V fib arrhythima
LAD
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
17. Wegener's tx
Gap junctions
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Glomus tumor
18. benign cap hemangioma of infancy - spont regresses
LCX - I - aVL
Strawberry hemangioma
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Persistant truncus arteriosus
19. Irregularly irregular ECG - no p waves: dx and treatment
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Temporal arteritis
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
20. What happens in phase 4 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Raynaud's
LAD - V1- V2
Resting potential high K perm
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
21. no relation between p waves and QRS intervals - treatment and predisposing factor
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Can progess to V fib
The plateau period
22. How does acidosis affect contractility?
Persistant truncus arteriosus
During diastole
Decreased
Temporal arteritis
23. Which organ gets the largest share of systemic cardiac output
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Dilation
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Liver
24. In an EKG - What is the p wave?
Atrial contraction
Holosystoiic
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
25. what percentage of HTN is secondary to renal disease?
Babies
Takayasu's arteritis
10%
Preload
26. What is the result of not have fast sodium channels in pacemaker cells?
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
Myxoma
Troponin I
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
27. When is the scar completely formed in an MI?
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Left sided
7 weeks
28. Which murmur do you hear in mitral stenosis?
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
S. aureus
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
29. When and why do you hear the S4 sound
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
CO
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
1st degree AV blodck
30. congenital heart defect with 22q11
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Truncus - tet of fallot
LAD - V1- V2
Transposition of great vessels
31. Wegener's presentation
Granuloma with giant cells
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Glomus tumor
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
32. What is sudden cardiac death most commonly due to...
Wegener's
Left atrial pressure
Fast volatge gated Na channels
V fib arrhythima
33. When during cardiac nodal cells depolarize?
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
During diastole
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
34. When do you find hemosiderin laden macrophages in the lungs?
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
SV/ EDV
35. Restrictive cardiomyopathy causes
Torsades de pointes
Inc blood volume
Dilation
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
36. In an anterior wall infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
LAD - V1 - V4
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
37. progressive lengthening of PR until beat is dropped - a p wave not followed by QRS
Hematocrit
Libman - sacks endocarditis
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
38. Which class of drugs decrease preload
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Mitral valve prolapse
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Pos inotropy - exercise
39. Do dihydropyridine or non - dihyrdropyridine Ca channel blockers decrease contractility
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
Non
Dilation
40. What are aschoff bodies
Temporal arteritis
Cardiac tamponde
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Granuloma with giant cells
41. Which class of drugs decreases afterload?
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
The operating point of the heart
S. epidermidis
42. dilated tortous veins due to chronically inc venous pressure - poor wound healing - varicose ulcers
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Decrease in cAMP
S. epidermidis
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
43. What does T wave inversion indicated?
Subendocardial
Increase contractility
MI
The first 4 days
44. What kind of dysfunction ensues in restrictive cardiomyopathy
Gap junctions
Diastolic
Strawberry hemangioma
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
45. Which artery supplies the inferior portion of the left ventricle and posterior septum?
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
46. most common primary cardiac tumor in adults - ball - valve obstruction in left atrium
Myxoma
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
MI
S. epidermidis
47. What is the characteristic pulse in aortic stenosis?
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
In RA return (inspiration)
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Activated histiocytes
48. What other sign is often present with congenital long QT syndrome - why?
1st degree AV blodck
7 weeks
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
49. Where are pacemaker cells?
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
SA and AV nodes
Mitral valve
50. which ethnic groups have higher association with HTN?
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Vasocxn
In series
Black > white > asian