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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Most common vasculitis affecting medium and large arteries
Temporal arteritis
...
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Turners
2. disease of elastic arteries and large and medium sized muscular arteries
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Atherosclerosis
Mitral and tricuspid closure
S. bovis
3. What is associated with paradoxical spliting of S2
Infective endocarditis
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
4. Weak pulses - notching of the ribs on xray - HTN in upper extremeties and weak peripheral pulses
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
Preload
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Adult type aortic coarctation
5. Which area of the endocardium is especially vulnerable to infarction? Why?
1st degree AV blodck
LAD - V1 - V4
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
CHF
6. Wegener's presentation
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Diastolic
Greater ventricular EDV
7. Which class of drugs decrease preload
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Wegener's
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
8. PROVe
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
PDA
Prinzmetal angina
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
9. What happens in phase 4 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Resting potential high K perm
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Mitral valve
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
10. diaphoresis - N/V - severe retrosternal pain - pain in left arm/jaw - SOB - fatigue - adrenergic symptoms
MI
Takayasu's arteritis
Can progess to V fib
Left sided
11. What is indicated when CO and venous return are equal?
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
The operating point of the heart
12. What causes the murmur heard in MR to enhance?
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
In HF
Increase contractility
13. How are the sarcomeres added in eccentric hypertrophy?
In series
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Eisenmenger's syndrome
14. highly lethal malignancy of the liver - associated with vinyl chloride - arsenic - and thorosrast exposure
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Angiosarcoma
15. stroke volume x HR =?
CO
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Kawasaki
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
16. What are the systolic heart sounds
MI
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Right sided
S. bovis
17. Which organ has the largest arteriovenous difference
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Dressler's - autoimmune
Pulse pressure
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
18. What causes the midsystolic click
Arteriorles
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Boot shaped heart
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
19. What is the danger of torsades to pointes?
Can progess to V fib
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Vasodilators
20. Which bacteria can cause endocarditis from prosthetic valves?
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
S. epidermidis
Ventricles are depolarized
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
21. What is the most common cause of MI
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
CK- MB
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
22. what happens to capillaries in lymphatic blockage
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
CHF
Fluid movement through capillaries
Buerger's disease
23. Wegener's tx
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Buerger's disease
Increase in Pc
24. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the left?
Hemorrhage
1st degree AV blodck
Babies
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
25. congenital heart defect with congenital rubella
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Right sided
26. dilated tortous veins due to chronically inc venous pressure - poor wound healing - varicose ulcers
Pos inotropy - exercise
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Atherosclerosis
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
27. Which class of drugs decrease the murmur heard in aortic regurg?
Viridans streptococci
Vasodilators
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
28. no change in PR interval followed by dropped beat
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Holosystoiic
In RA return (inspiration)
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
29. What causes the CO curve to shift downwards?
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
30. What are the different etiologies of dialted cardiomyopathy
Isovolumetric contraction
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Liver
31. What does autoregulation do?
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
Kaposi's sarcoma
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
1st degree AV blodck
32. cavernous lymphangioma of the neck - associated with turner's
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Pulse pressure
Cystic hygroma
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
33. Given P = QR - what factors influence resistance?
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
...
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Vasocxn
34. What is the characteristic pulse in aortic stenosis?
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
CFX
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
35. with what heart sounds do ASD usually present?
Transfusion
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
36. moncekberg
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
C - ANCA
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
37. What happens in phase 0 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Can progess to V fib
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
38. polypoid capillary hemangioma that can ulcerate and bleed
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
39. How do catecholamines increase contractility?
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
MI
40. clinical signs of cardiac tamponade
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
41. When is the scar completely formed in an MI?
7 weeks
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Turners
During diastole
42. Left to right shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Eisenmenger's syndrome
Kids
Preload
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
43. Which enzyme rises after 4 hours and is elevated for 7 to 10 days after an MI?
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Libman - sacks endocarditis
In parallel
Troponin I
44. What causes the cushing reflex and why
LAD - V1 - V4
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
45. EDV - ESV
Dilation
Eisenmenger's syndrome
Stroke volume
Transfusion
46. benign - painful - red - blue tumor under fingernails from smooth muscle cells
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
Glomus tumor
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
Greater ventricular EDV
47. When does extracellular calcium enter the cardiac muscle cells during contraction?
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
The plateau period
Inc blood volume
48. PCWP is an estimate of...
Hemorrhage
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Left atrial pressure
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
49. friction rub - 3-5 days post MI
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Rhabdomyomas
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
50. rate of 02 consumption/ arterial 02 - venous 02 ccontent=CO
Mitral stenosis
Fick principle
7 weeks
Angiosarcoma