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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. which medications are used to maintain patency or close the ductus arteriosus?
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Infective endocarditis
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
2. disease of elastic arteries and large and medium sized muscular arteries
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Atherosclerosis
Inc blood volume
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
3. In an acute MI - are there any visible changes via LM in the first 2-4 hours
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Inc Kf - capillary perm
No
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
4. What murmur is heard with aortic regurg?
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
5. Which bacteria causes endocarditis in the presence of colon cancer
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
S. bovis
Eisenmenger's syndrome
6. sudden death in young atheletes - S4 - apical impulses - outflow obstruction
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Temporal arteritis
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Babies
7. failure of truncus arteriosus to divide?
Persistant truncus arteriosus
SA and AV nodes
C - ANCA
Isovolumetric contraction
8. what conditions are associated with pulsus paradoxus
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Wegener's
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
9. What is the gold standard for dx of MI in the first 6 hours
EKG
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
10. What is the result of not have fast sodium channels in pacemaker cells?
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
Lymphangiosarcoma
Takayasu's arteritis
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
11. Most common vasculitis affecting medium and large arteries
Cystic hygroma
In RA return (inspiration)
Gap junctions
Temporal arteritis
12. rate of 02 consumption/ arterial 02 - venous 02 ccontent=CO
Viridans streptococci
Fick principle
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
MI
13. What does the atria release in response to inc blood volume and atrial pressure
Stroke volume
Cystic hygroma
ANP
Aortic insuffic - late
14. Do dihydropyridine or non - dihyrdropyridine Ca channel blockers decrease contractility
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Non
Dilation
LAD > RCA > circumflex
15. What kind of dysfunction ensues in restrictive cardiomyopathy
RF
Diastolic
Aortic insuffic - late
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
16. In an EKG - What is the QRS complex?
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Atrial contraction
In HF
PDA
17. most common heart tumor
LAD - V1- V2
Atherosclerosis
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Dressler's - autoimmune
18. What is the most common cause of right heart failure
At least 55%
Left heart failure
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
19. What is the S2 sound?
Pos inotropy - exercise
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
20. What causes orthopnea?
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
S. bovis
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
21. PCWP is an estimate of...
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Left atrial pressure
Preload
Stroke volume
22. Do you see elevaged ASO titers in rheumatic heart disease
Yes
Adult type aortic coarctation
In HF
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
23. What causes aortic stenosis
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
24. Which organ gets the largest share of systemic cardiac output
Liver
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
In parallel
Ventricular repolarization
25. What does TAPVR stand for
Atherosclerosis
Stroke volume
Kidney
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
26. What causes the early cyanosis in Tet of Fallot?
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
10%
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
27. dyspnea - fatigue - edema and rales - multiple causes
Arteriorles
CHF
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Strawberry hemangioma
28. benign - painful - red - blue tumor under fingernails from smooth muscle cells
Glomus tumor
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Dec plasma proteins
Can progess to V fib
29. In an EKG - What is the T wave?
SV/ EDV
Ventricular repolarization
Aortic insuffic - late
Torsades de pointes
30. in the JVP - What is the a wave?
...
Atrial contraction
Polyarteritis nodosum
Kaposi's sarcoma
31. What is associated with paradoxical spliting of S2
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Aortic insuffic - late
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
32. Which lab value indicates blood viscosity?
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Ventricles are depolarized
Hematocrit
C - ANCA
33. What is the S1 sound?
ANP
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
At least 55%
34. When during cardiac nodal cells depolarize?
Systolic dysfunction
During diastole
MAP
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
35. What causes aortic regurg
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Increase in Pc
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
36. How does acidosis affect contractility?
Decreased
EKG
Angiosarcoma
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
37. What is the time frame for arrhythmia risk in the evolution of MI
The first 4 days
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
PDA
Granuloma with giant cells
38. What causes hepatomegaly?
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Kids
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
39. What are the systolic heart sounds
RCA
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Decrease in cAMP
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
40. What does increasing intracellular Ca do?
Increase contractility
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Decreased
Kawasaki
41. What happens in phase 2 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Cystic hygroma
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
42. what percentage of HTN is secondary to renal disease?
10%
Resting potential high K perm
Black > white > asian
During diastole
43. What causes the cushing reflex and why
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Increase in Pc
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
44. Exercise - overtransfusiion and excitiment causes and increase in...?
Torsades de pointes
Rhabdomyomas
Preload
Transmural
45. Fatal arrhythmia
V fib
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
QRS complex
46. How are the sarcomeres added in eccentric hypertrophy?
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
In series
1st degree AV blodck
Granuloma with giant cells
47. What other syndrom is associated with infantile aortic coarctation
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Turners
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
48. benign capillary skin papules in AIDS patients mistaken for kaposi sarcoma - caused by bartonella henselae
Dilated cardiomyopathy
...
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Transmural
49. Wegener's presentation
Dec plasma proteins
Vasocxn
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Ventricular repolarization
50. systolic - diastolic
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Hemorrhage
Fast volatge gated Na channels
Pulse pressure
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