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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. failure of truncus arteriosus to divide?
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Turners
Buerger's disease
2. what conditions are associated with pulsus paradoxus
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
3. Which vessels account for the most total peripheral resistance
Arteriorles
QRS complex
Kidney
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
4. What does the LAD supply?
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Resting potential high K perm
Truncus - tet of fallot
Raynaud's
5. Which murmur is characteristic of mitral/tricuspid regurg?
ANP
Preload
Dec plasma proteins
Holosystoiic
6. What happens in phase 3 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
7. What is the characteristic pulse in aortic stenosis?
Can progess to V fib
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Babies
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
8. decrease stretch in baroreceptors leads to what response?
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
LAD - V1 - V4
Glomus tumor
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
9. Do you see elevaged ASO titers in rheumatic heart disease
Yes
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
10. Fatal arrhythmia
Increase in Pc
Systolic dysfunction
The first 4 days
V fib
11. The cause of pulmonary edema - paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
No - no pressure gradient
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
12. What does HTN predispose to?
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
13. What is the S1 sound?
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Transfusion
Fluid movement through capillaries
Isovolumetric contraction
14. Irregularly irregular ECG - no p waves: dx and treatment
During diastole
Can progess to V fib
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
15. bacterial endocarditis - previously normal valves - rapid onset - Which bacteria?
C - ANCA
S. aureus
The operating point of the heart
Polyarteritis nodosum
16. Which artery supplies the SA and AV nodes?
Non
RCA
Boot shaped heart
In parallel
17. What are the four most common locations for atherosclerosis?
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Isovolumetric contraction
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
18. Which bacteria can cause endocarditis from prosthetic valves?
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
S. epidermidis
Black > white > asian
19. In terms of starling forces - why does nephrotic syndrome or liver failure cause edems
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Dec plasma proteins
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Stable angina
20. In an inferior wall infarct - which artery is affected and which leads show Q waves
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
RCA - II - III - aVF
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
21. PCWP > LV diastolic pressure
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Mitral stenosis
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
22. In an EKG - What is the T wave?
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Atherosclerosis
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Ventricular repolarization
23. What causes the midsystolic click
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
In HF
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
24. CO x Total peripheral resistance
Lymphangiosarcoma
Mean arterial pressure
RV failure - in venous pressure
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
25. Which murmur is heard with mitral prolapse?
Vagus to medulla
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Strawberry hemangioma
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
26. When do you see extensive coagulative necrosis in an MI
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Greater ventricular EDV
Takayasu's arteritis
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
27. What cardiac change occurs in pregnancy?
Hyperlipidemia
Left atrial pressure
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
Increased SV
28. which ethnic groups have higher association with HTN?
Black > white > asian
Boot shaped heart
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Systolic dysfunction
29. What does mitral prolapse predeispose to?
Infective endocarditis
V fib arrhythima
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
30. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by Ach or adenosine?
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
Gap junctions
Decreases
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
31. Which lab value indicates blood viscosity?
Troponin I
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Hematocrit
32. What masks atrial repolarization?
Systolic dysfunction
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Vasocxn
QRS complex
33. What happens in phase 0 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Atherosclerosis
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Kaposi's sarcoma
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
34. polypoid capillary hemangioma that can ulcerate and bleed
Infective endocarditis
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
Troponin I
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
35. disease of elastic arteries and large and medium sized muscular arteries
Atherosclerosis
Transfusion
Myxoma
7 weeks
36. What happens with a decrease of extracellular Na
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
37. In the evolution of an MI - when the risk for free wall rupture - tamponade - papillary muscle rupture - or interventricular septal rupture the hightest? Why?
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
SV/ EDV
LAD
38. thrombosis w/o necrosis - ST elevation - worsening chest pain at rest or with minimal exertion
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Unstable/crescendo angina
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Arteriorles
39. What are common causes of mitral regurg?
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Adult type aortic coarctation
LAD - V1- V2
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
40. What murmur is heard with aortic regurg?
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Aortic and pulmonary closing
41. Which area of the endocardium is especially vulnerable to infarction? Why?
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Non
Pos inotropy - exercise
Group a beta hemolytic strep
42. What are the complications from bacterial endocarditis?
Vasocxn
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
43. sudden death in young atheletes - S4 - apical impulses - outflow obstruction
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
MAP
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
44. What does FAN MY SKIN On Wednesday stand for?
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Ventricular repolarization
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
45. Mitral stenosis is most often secondary to which condition?
V fib
Mean arterial pressure
Decreased
RF
46. When is the scar completely formed in an MI?
7 weeks
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Fluid movement through capillaries
Mean arterial pressure
47. absecnce of tricuspid valve - hypoplastic RV
LAD > RCA > circumflex
...
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Atrial contraction
48. In an EKG - What is the QRS complex?
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
49. When do coronary arteries fill?
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
During diastole
Cardiac tamponde
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
50. In an anterolateral infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
LCX - V4- V6
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome