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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What causes tet of fallot?
Vagus to medulla
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
2. dilated tortous veins due to chronically inc venous pressure - poor wound healing - varicose ulcers
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
CK- MB
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
3. What kind of dysfunction ensues in restrictive cardiomyopathy
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Diastolic
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
4. Which murmur is characteristic of mitral/tricuspid regurg?
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
Boot shaped heart
Holosystoiic
Black > white > asian
5. In an EKG - What is the T wave?
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Ventricular repolarization
6. What is sudden cardiac death most commonly due to...
Diastolic
LCX - V4- V6
Increased SV
V fib arrhythima
7. acute - self limiting necrotizing vasculitis in children associated with fever - conjunctivitis - strawberry tongue - desquamatous skin rash - lymphadenitis - coronary sinus aneurysms. Seen in asians
Atrial contraction
Pulse pressure
Kawasaki
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
8. Where are pacemaker cells?
SA and AV nodes
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
140/90
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
9. In an acute MI - are there any visible changes via LM in the first 2-4 hours
Ventricular repolarization
Ventricles are depolarized
LAD
No
10. benign - painful - red - blue tumor under fingernails from smooth muscle cells
Decreases
Increased SV
In series
Glomus tumor
11. How does angiotensin II raise MAP
Increase contractility
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
EKG
Vasocxn
12. What happens in phase 0 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
SA and AV nodes
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Volatage gated Ca channels
Atherosclerosis
13. sawtooth wave
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14. clinical signs of cardiac tamponade
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
V fib
Kaposi's sarcoma
15. What do the starling forces determine
Fluid movement through capillaries
Aortic insuffic - late
MAP
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
16. What other sign is often present with congenital long QT syndrome - why?
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
During diastole
Atrial contraction
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
17. Which valve is commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis from IV drug use and Which bacteria are most common?
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18. systolic - diastolic
Arteriorles
Pulse pressure
V fib
Strawberry hemangioma
19. When during cardiac nodal cells depolarize?
During diastole
Increase contractility
140/90
Fluid movement through capillaries
20. what happens to capillaries in lymphatic blockage
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Preload
Fast volatge gated Na channels
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
21. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by catecholamines and
Can progess to V fib
Mean arterial pressure
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
22. What are the diastolic heart sounds?
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Ventricles are depolarized
Early deaths from myocarditis
Preload
23. Mitral stenosis is most often secondary to which condition?
CHF
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
RF
Activated histiocytes
24. In the cardiac cycle - which period has the highest 02 consumption?
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Isovolumetric contraction
S. aureus
MAP
25. What causes the CO curve to shift downwards?
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
26. In terms of starling forces - why does nephrotic syndrome or liver failure cause edems
Babies
Cardiac tamponde
Dec plasma proteins
The plateau period
27. Inspiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds?
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
Right sided
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
28. Which organ gets the largest share of systemic cardiac output
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
QRS complex
Liver
Fluid movement through capillaries
29. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the left?
Hemorrhage
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Right sided
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
30. Which bacteria can cause endocarditis from prosthetic valves?
Kidney
S. epidermidis
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Eisenmenger's syndrome
31. What are the systolic heart sounds
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Polyarteritis nodosum
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Mitral and tricuspid closure
32. What does FAN MY SKIN On Wednesday stand for?
Vasodilators
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
33. PCWP is an estimate of...
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
In parallel
Left atrial pressure
34. Endothelial malignancy of the skin assocated with HHV-8 and HIV
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35. most common heart tumor
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
HypoK and bradycardia
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
RCA
36. What is the time frame for arrhythmia risk in the evolution of MI
Holosystoiic
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
The first 4 days
Left sided
37. In normal S2 splitting - which valve closes first? What increases it?
Hematocrit
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Viridans streptococci
38. What is association with fixed S2 splitting - does not increase with inspiration
Kidney
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
ASD
S. epidermidis
39. On the cardiac cycle graph - on which corners do the opening and closing of the aortic and mitral valves occur?
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
CHF
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
40. What stimulates release of calcium from the SR?
Stroke volume
In HF
Lymphangiosarcoma
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
41. fibrinous pericarditis several weeks post MI
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42. In an anteroseptal infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
LAD - V1- V2
Left sided
43. What causes the cushing reflex and why
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
44. Left to right shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Early deaths from myocarditis
Kids
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
LCX - I - aVL
45. Which enzymes are useful for diagnosing reinfarction
ANP
CK- MB
The operating point of the heart
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
46. dyspnea - fatigue - edema and rales - multiple causes
CHF
Holosystoiic
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
47. Which murmur do you hear in mitral stenosis?
LAD
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Subendocardial
48. disease of elastic arteries and large and medium sized muscular arteries
Transposition of great vessels
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Atherosclerosis
HypoK and bradycardia
49. Equilibration of diastolic pressures in all 4 chambers - decreased CO from compression of heart by fluid in pericardium
Mitral valve
Coarcation of aorta
Can progess to V fib
Cardiac tamponde
50. thrombosis w/o necrosis - ST elevation - worsening chest pain at rest or with minimal exertion
Torsades de pointes
Unstable/crescendo angina
Activated histiocytes
Ventricles are depolarized