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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Weak pulses - notching of the ribs on xray - HTN in upper extremeties and weak peripheral pulses
Arteriorles
Adult type aortic coarctation
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
2. How does a patient with Tet of fallot learn to improve symptoms?
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
3. What causes the ejection click in the Cres - decres murmur?
SV/ EDV
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Unstable/crescendo angina
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
4. Which murmur is heard with mitral prolapse?
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
LAD - V1 - V4
5. What other syndrom is associated with infantile aortic coarctation
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Turners
6. rate of 02 consumption/ arterial 02 - venous 02 ccontent=CO
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
MI
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
Fick principle
7. The aortic arch receptors transmit along which nerve?
Vagus to medulla
Cherry hemangioma
Glomus tumor
SA and AV nodes
8. When do you see extensive coagulative necrosis in an MI
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Babies
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Mean arterial pressure
9. most common primary cardiac tumor in adults - ball - valve obstruction in left atrium
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
Myxoma
During diastole
10. p - anca
11. What does the LAD supply?
Truncus - tet of fallot
Atrial contraction
140/90
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
12. What other sign is often present with congenital long QT syndrome - why?
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Mitral and tricuspid closure
13. what conditions are associated with pulsus paradoxus
Fick principle
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
RV failure - in venous pressure
Left atrial pressure
14. What happens with a decrease of extracellular Na
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
15. Which sympathetic receptors raise MAP
V fib
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
16. What causes the CO curve to shift upwards?
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Resting potential high K perm
Pos inotropy - exercise
Dressler's - autoimmune
17. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by Ach or adenosine?
Fick principle
Babies
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Decreases
18. Which artery supplies the SA and AV nodes?
RCA
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Left heart failure
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
19. What is the most common cause of right heart failure
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Left heart failure
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
20. What is sudden cardiac death most commonly due to...
V fib arrhythima
Cherry hemangioma
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Dressler's - autoimmune
21. Exercise - overtransfusiion and excitiment causes and increase in...?
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Preload
Polyarteritis nodosum
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
22. delta wave on ECG - accesory conduction pathway from atria to ventricles - reentry leading to supraventricular tachycardia
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Decreased
Polyarteritis nodosum
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
23. What does HTN predispose to?
RV failure - in venous pressure
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
24. In terms of starling forces - why does nephrotic syndrome or liver failure cause edems
Dec plasma proteins
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
V fib
Holosystoiic
25. dyspnea - fatigue - edema and rales - multiple causes
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
CHF
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Dec plasma proteins
26. retrosternal chest main with exertion - ST depression on ECG - likely due atherosclerosis
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Stable angina
Atrial contraction
27. What are the complications from bacterial endocarditis?
Dilation
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Decreases
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
28. In what disease states is blood viscosity increased?
Babies
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Preload
Inc Kf - capillary perm
29. failure of truncus arteriosus to divide?
RCA - II - III - aVF
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Adult type aortic coarctation
30. In an EKG - What is the p wave?
Volatage gated Ca channels
Atrial contraction
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
31. What can cause mitral prolapse?
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
CFX
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
32. What is the time frame for arrhythmia risk in the evolution of MI
The first 4 days
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
33. clinical signs of cardiac tamponade
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Changes in CO as a function of preload
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
No - no pressure gradient
34. fibrous plaques and atheromas in intima of arteries
Atherosclerosis
Decreases
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
35. In an acute MI - are there any visible changes via LM in the first 2-4 hours
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
No
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Torsades de pointes
36. absecnce of tricuspid valve - hypoplastic RV
Stroke volume
Angiosarcoma
LAD - V1- V2
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
37. Left to right shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
SV/ EDV
Eisenmenger's syndrome
Kids
38. What is the characteristic pulse in aortic stenosis?
Unstable/crescendo angina
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Yes
V fib
39. What is the cushing triad?
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Angiosarcoma
HypoK and bradycardia
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
40. acute - self limiting necrotizing vasculitis in children associated with fever - conjunctivitis - strawberry tongue - desquamatous skin rash - lymphadenitis - coronary sinus aneurysms. Seen in asians
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Kawasaki
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
Stable angina
41. Central chemoreceptors do not respond directly to which parameter?
V fib
Ventricles are depolarized
P02
Holosystoiic
42. Which vessels account for the most total peripheral resistance
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Polyarteritis nodosum
Arteriorles
43. most common heart tumor
Strawberry hemangioma
Hematocrit
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
44. diaphoresis - N/V - severe retrosternal pain - pain in left arm/jaw - SOB - fatigue - adrenergic symptoms
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Right sided
MI
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
45. What are aschoff bodies
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Granuloma with giant cells
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
46. The cause of pulmonary edema - paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
RF
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
V fib arrhythima
47. Equilibration of diastolic pressures in all 4 chambers - decreased CO from compression of heart by fluid in pericardium
Cardiac tamponde
Cherry hemangioma
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Hemorrhage
48. How are sarcomeres added in concentric hypertrophy?
In parallel
RCA - II - III - aVF
Arteriorles
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
49. What is the S2 sound?
140/90
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
Aortic and pulmonary closing
50. In an EKG - What is the PR interval?
Infective endocarditis
Dec plasma proteins
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec