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Cardiology
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Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. PCWP is an estimate of...
Ventricles are depolarized
Mitral stenosis
Left atrial pressure
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
2. pulmonary veins drain into right heart circulation (SVC - coronary sinus)
TAPVR
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
S. aureus
Eisenmenger's syndrome
3. When do coronary arteries fill?
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
During diastole
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
4. in the JVP - What is the a wave?
Turners
140/90
Rhabdomyomas
Atrial contraction
5. What is association with fixed S2 splitting - does not increase with inspiration
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
ASD
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
6. What does the atria release in response to inc blood volume and atrial pressure
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
LAD - V1- V2
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
ANP
7. What channels do the the pacemaker cells lack?
Myxoma
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
S. aureus
Fast volatge gated Na channels
8. Which organ has ht highest blood flow per gram of tissue
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Kidney
If sodium channel
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
9. What does the U wave indicated?
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
HypoK and bradycardia
MI
Changes in CO as a function of preload
10. list the coronary vessels most likely to be occluded
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Hyperlipidemia
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Greater ventricular EDV
11. Mitral stenosis is most often secondary to which condition?
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
RF
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
RCA - II - III - aVF
12. In an EKG - What is the T wave?
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
LAD
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Ventricular repolarization
13. Unilateral headache - jaw claudication - impaired vision
Kawasaki
Black > white > asian
CHF
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
14. The carotid sinus transmits along which nerve?
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
15. Which two mechanisms sense decrease MAP?
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Kawasaki
10%
16. PROVe
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Fast volatge gated Na channels
SV/ EDV
17. 2/3 diastolic + 1/3 systolic
Fick principle
MAP
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Vasodilators
18. What does hypoxia cause in the lung versus other tissues?
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Subendocardial
Viridans streptococci
19. When does EF decrease
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
PDA
In HF
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
20. benign - painful - red - blue tumor under fingernails from smooth muscle cells
ANP
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Glomus tumor
21. congenital heart defect with 22q11
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Transposition of great vessels
Isovolumetric contraction
Truncus - tet of fallot
22. cavernous lymphangioma of the neck - associated with turner's
Cystic hygroma
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Preload
Arteriorles
23. What is the machine like murmur? What is the heart pathology and the predisposing causes
C - ANCA
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
The operating point of the heart
Fast volatge gated Na channels
24. Which murmur is heard with VSD?
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
25. What are the diastolic heart sounds?
Dressler's - autoimmune
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
During diastole
26. What kind of infarct show ST depression
Subendocardial
C - ANCA
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
27. What are the four most common locations for atherosclerosis?
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Increase in Pc
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
28. When do you find hemosiderin laden macrophages in the lungs?
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Atrial contraction
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
29. How does aldosterone raise MAP
Inc blood volume
Hyperlipidemia
MI
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
30. polypoid capillary hemangioma that can ulcerate and bleed
Eisenmenger's syndrome
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
31. In terms of starling forces - why does heart failure cause edema?
Volatage gated Ca channels
Fick principle
Mitral valve prolapse
Increase in Pc
32. What is the S1 sound?
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Increase contractility
Mitral and tricuspid closure
33. What causes orthopnea?
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
Lymphangiosarcoma
In parallel
V fib
34. What is the most common cause of MI
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
35. disruption of the vasa vasorum of aorta - dilation of aorta and valve ring - tree bark appearance (calcifications on aortic root)
Mitral valve
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Greater ventricular EDV
36. Which organ gets the largest share of systemic cardiac output
Granuloma with giant cells
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Liver
Unstable/crescendo angina
37. acute - self limiting necrotizing vasculitis in children associated with fever - conjunctivitis - strawberry tongue - desquamatous skin rash - lymphadenitis - coronary sinus aneurysms. Seen in asians
Kawasaki
P02
Fluid movement through capillaries
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
38. moncekberg
Aortic insuffic - late
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Rhabdomyomas
39. with what heart sounds do ASD usually present?
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Mitral valve
40. What does T wave inversion indicated?
MI
Granuloma with giant cells
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Turners
41. Which lab value indicates blood viscosity?
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Hematocrit
42. The cause of pulmonary edema - paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Takayasu's arteritis
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
43. What is the difference between the fetal and neonatal direction of blood flow in a patent ductus arteriosus
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
MAP
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
At least 55%
44. benign capillary skin papules in AIDS patients mistaken for kaposi sarcoma - caused by bartonella henselae
If sodium channel
Activated histiocytes
...
Increase contractility
45. What happends in phase 1 of the ventricular cardiac action potential?
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Turners
Myxoma
46. segmental thrombosing vasculitis of small and medium vessels in smokers with intermittent claudication - superficial nodular phlebitis - raynaud's - gangrene and severe pain - autoamputation of digits is possible
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47. Where are pacemaker cells?
SA and AV nodes
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Right sided
48. bening capillary hemangioma of elderly - does not regress
Cherry hemangioma
Strawberry hemangioma
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Lymphangiosarcoma
49. Which murmur is characteristic of mitral/tricuspid regurg?
Troponin I
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
Holosystoiic
Activated histiocytes
50. bacterial endocarditis - previously normal valves - rapid onset - Which bacteria?
S. aureus
LAD - V1- V2
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Sorry!:) No result found.
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