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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Exercise - overtransfusiion and excitiment causes and increase in...?
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
CO
Preload
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
2. The 7 complications of MI
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3. skin rash on buttocks and legs - arthralgia - intestinal hemorrhage - abdominal pain - melena. Follows URI - IgA immune complex - most common childhood systemic vasculitis
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Holosystoiic
LAD - V1- V2
4. no relation between p waves and QRS intervals - treatment and predisposing factor
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
5. What other congenital abnormality is necessary for life for a patient with transposition of the great vesses?
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Preload
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
6. In an EKG - What is the p wave?
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
S. aureus
Diastolic
Atrial contraction
7. When does extracellular calcium enter the cardiac muscle cells during contraction?
The plateau period
Non
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
8. wartiike - sterile vegetations occur on both sides of the valve - commonly causes mitral regurg. SLE causes it
Hematocrit
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Strawberry hemangioma
9. In terms of starling forces - why does nephrotic syndrome or liver failure cause edems
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Atherosclerosis
Dec plasma proteins
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
10. decrease blood flow to the skin due to arteriolar vasospasm in cold temp - emotional stress - also in SLE and CREST
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11. What causes the ejection click in the Cres - decres murmur?
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
12. progressive lengthening of PR until beat is dropped - a p wave not followed by QRS
Pos inotropy - exercise
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Activated histiocytes
Decreased
13. What causes the murmur heard in MR to enhance?
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
Resting potential high K perm
14. What is the classic X ray finding for tet of fallot?
Turners
Boot shaped heart
Mean arterial pressure
Infective endocarditis
15. What causes the CO curve to shift downwards?
Fast volatge gated Na channels
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Unstable/crescendo angina
16. What murmur is heard with aortic regurg?
During diastole
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
17. What happens in phase 0 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Polyarteritis nodosum
Atrial contraction
18. Where are pacemaker cells?
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Boot shaped heart
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
SA and AV nodes
19. The cause of cardiac dilation?
Greater ventricular EDV
In series
In RA return (inspiration)
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
20. Endothelial malignancy of the skin assocated with HHV-8 and HIV
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21. When and why is the S3 sound heard?
Unstable/crescendo angina
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Preload
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
22. What happens in phase 2 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Pulse pressure
23. How do catecholamines increase contractility?
Preload
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
CHF
24. What kind of infarct show ST depression
Subendocardial
V fib arrhythima
SA and AV nodes
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
25. disease of elastic arteries and large and medium sized muscular arteries
Left heart failure
Atherosclerosis
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
V fib
26. When during cardiac nodal cells depolarize?
Atrial contraction
During diastole
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
27. benign capillary skin papules in AIDS patients mistaken for kaposi sarcoma - caused by bartonella henselae
...
Vasocxn
Eisenmenger's syndrome
Decrease in cAMP
28. How does digitatlis increase contractility?
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Resting potential high K perm
HypoK and bradycardia
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
29. which medications are used to maintain patency or close the ductus arteriosus?
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Lymphangiosarcoma
The operating point of the heart
30. In what disease states is blood viscosity increased?
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
EKG
31. Weak pulses - notching of the ribs on xray - HTN in upper extremeties and weak peripheral pulses
Atherosclerosis
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Adult type aortic coarctation
32. What is the machine like murmur? What is the heart pathology and the predisposing causes
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Changes in CO as a function of preload
Vasodilators
33. What is the definition of HTN?
Fluid movement through capillaries
Kaposi's sarcoma
140/90
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
34. Do you see elevaged ASO titers in rheumatic heart disease
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Hematocrit
Yes
35. What is the gold standard for dx of MI in the first 6 hours
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
EKG
P02
36. What is the danger of torsades to pointes?
Arteriorles
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Can progess to V fib
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
37. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the right?
RV failure - in venous pressure
Transfusion
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
38. What does FEVERSS stand for in rheumatic heart disease
Early deaths from myocarditis
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
In series
39. diaphoresis - N/V - severe retrosternal pain - pain in left arm/jaw - SOB - fatigue - adrenergic symptoms
Kawasaki
The first 4 days
V fib
MI
40. S3 - dilated heart on US - balloon appearance on CXR - eccentric hypertrophy
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
Changes in CO as a function of preload
41. Which sympathetic receptors raise MAP
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
42. dilated tortous veins due to chronically inc venous pressure - poor wound healing - varicose ulcers
Cardiac tamponde
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Takayasu's arteritis
43. Which bacteria causes rheumatic heart disease
Group a beta hemolytic strep
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Diastolic
Aortic and pulmonary closing
44. What are anitschkow's cells
Cardiac tamponde
Activated histiocytes
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Turners
45. Left to right shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Kids
During diastole
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
46. What is the formula for EF?
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
SV/ EDV
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
47. What does the starling curve show?
7 weeks
Myxoma
SV/ EDV
Changes in CO as a function of preload
48. moncekberg
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
49. Mitral stenosis is most often secondary to which condition?
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
RF
During diastole
Vasodilators
50. Which class of drugs decrease preload
Temporal arteritis
Turners
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)