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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. How do beta blockers decrease contractility?
No - no pressure gradient
Subendocardial
Decrease in cAMP
Atrial contraction
2. Which murmur is characteristic of mitral/tricuspid regurg?
Atrial contraction
Holosystoiic
SV/ EDV
ASD
3. What is sudden cardiac death most commonly due to...
Pulse pressure
V fib arrhythima
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
4. decrease blood flow to the skin due to arteriolar vasospasm in cold temp - emotional stress - also in SLE and CREST
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5. What happens in phase 4 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Polyarteritis nodosum
Cystic hygroma
LAD - V1 - V4
Resting potential high K perm
6. Where is the most posterior portion of the heart and What can it cause?
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Isovolumetric contraction
Boot shaped heart
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
7. On the cardiac cycle graph - on which corners do the opening and closing of the aortic and mitral valves occur?
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Decrease in cAMP
Takayasu's arteritis
8. What are the diastolic heart sounds?
C - ANCA
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
9. port wine stains on face - intracerebral AVM - siezures - early onset glaucoma - congenital
Left heart failure
Mitral stenosis
Takayasu's arteritis
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
10. Most common vasculitis affecting medium and large arteries
Temporal arteritis
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
11. PROVe
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Atherosclerosis
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
12. L to R shunt becomes R to L due to increase pulm pressures from original congenital heart defect
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13. fibrous plaques and atheromas in intima of arteries
Vasocxn
Atherosclerosis
Black > white > asian
Vagus to medulla
14. How does a patient with Tet of fallot learn to improve symptoms?
Truncus - tet of fallot
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
Eisenmenger's syndrome
15. What 4 things drive myocardial 02 demand?
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
7 weeks
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Lymphangiosarcoma
16. What kind of infarct show ST depression
Subendocardial
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Eisenmenger's syndrome
Gap junctions
17. In normal S2 splitting - which valve closes first? What increases it?
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Black > white > asian
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
18. What are the four most common locations for atherosclerosis?
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Wegener's
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
19. What does FAN MY SKIN On Wednesday stand for?
Ventricles are depolarized
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
20. pulmonary veins drain into right heart circulation (SVC - coronary sinus)
Fick principle
TAPVR
In RA return (inspiration)
Dilated cardiomyopathy
21. 2/3 diastolic + 1/3 systolic
Increased SV
MAP
LAD - V1- V2
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
22. What causes the early cyanosis in Tet of Fallot?
Systolic dysfunction
Strawberry hemangioma
Torsades de pointes
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
23. What is the danger of torsades to pointes?
Coarcation of aorta
Non
Can progess to V fib
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
24. What are tendinous xanthoma - atheromas - and corneal arcus signs of?
Stroke volume
Increase contractility
In parallel
Hyperlipidemia
25. In an EKG - What is the p wave?
S. bovis
Polyarteritis nodosum
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Atrial contraction
26. Exercise - overtransfusiion and excitiment causes and increase in...?
CO
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Preload
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
27. What is associated with paradoxical spliting of S2
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Gap junctions
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
QRS complex
28. What causes the cushing reflex and why
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
29. What does autoregulation do?
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
No - no pressure gradient
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
30. Rank the pacemakers cells
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Mitral valve prolapse
Non
31. What is the difference between adult and infantile type aortic coarctation?
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Torsades de pointes
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
32. What does the starling curve show?
Volatage gated Ca channels
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
Changes in CO as a function of preload
33. highly lethal malignancy of the liver - associated with vinyl chloride - arsenic - and thorosrast exposure
MI
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Angiosarcoma
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
34. What other sign is often present with congenital long QT syndrome - why?
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Transmural
Takayasu's arteritis
35. Which enzyme rises after 4 hours and is elevated for 7 to 10 days after an MI?
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
V fib arrhythima
Troponin I
36. In an anterolateral infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
1st degree AV blodck
Preload
Left atrial pressure
LCX - V4- V6
37. Endothelial malignancy of the skin assocated with HHV-8 and HIV
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38. Do you see elevaged ASO titers in rheumatic heart disease
Yes
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
SA and AV nodes
Cherry hemangioma
39. The cause of dyspnea on exertion?
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Decrease in cAMP
40. Why is there edema after burns or during infection
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Dec plasma proteins
Inc Kf - capillary perm
RCA - II - III - aVF
41. Inspiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds?
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Raynaud's
Right sided
Transfusion
42. congenital heart defect with turner's
Coarcation of aorta
Hyperlipidemia
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
43. What does the atria release in response to inc blood volume and atrial pressure
Left atrial pressure
ANP
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
44. in the JVP - What is the c wave?
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Ventricles are depolarized
45. Which valve is most commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis?
Mitral valve
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Left sided
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
46. What are aschoff bodies
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
Granuloma with giant cells
TAPVR
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
47. What is the early and late lesion in rheumatic heart disease
Mitral valve prolapse
Adult type aortic coarctation
Unstable/crescendo angina
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
48. Which bacteria can cause endocarditis from prosthetic valves?
Mean arterial pressure
Transmural
S. epidermidis
RV failure - in venous pressure
49. S3 - dilated heart on US - balloon appearance on CXR - eccentric hypertrophy
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Polyarteritis nodosum
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
SA and AV nodes
50. MAP is also known as
Rhabdomyomas
Atrial contraction
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?
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