SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Which class of drugs decrease preload
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
2. How does digitatlis increase contractility?
V fib arrhythima
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
3. lymphatic malignancy associated with persistant lymphadema - post radical mastectomy
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Lymphangiosarcoma
Holosystoiic
Early deaths from myocarditis
4. friction rub - 3-5 days post MI
S. aureus
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
5. systolic - diastolic
Mean arterial pressure
Vasodilators
Pulse pressure
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
6. When do you see extensive coagulative necrosis in an MI
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
7. What supplies the posterior left ventricle?
CFX
Vagus to medulla
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
8. What is a normal EF
...
At least 55%
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Lymphangiosarcoma
9. Which murmur is characteristic of mitral/tricuspid regurg?
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
Holosystoiic
MI
10. fibrous plaques and atheromas in intima of arteries
Left sided
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Atherosclerosis
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
11. Which murmur is heard with mitral prolapse?
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
12. What is the difference between the fetal and neonatal direction of blood flow in a patent ductus arteriosus
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
13. How are cadiac myocytes eltrically coupled?
Gap junctions
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
S. epidermidis
14. How does aldosterone raise MAP
Cherry hemangioma
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Inc blood volume
15. What is the machine like murmur? What is the heart pathology and the predisposing causes
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
16. Why is there edema after burns or during infection
Atherosclerosis
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
...
Inc Kf - capillary perm
17. What is indicated when CO and venous return are equal?
EKG
The operating point of the heart
During diastole
Polyarteritis nodosum
18. p - anca
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183
19. list the coronary vessels most likely to be occluded
Granuloma with giant cells
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
LAD > RCA > circumflex
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
20. How do beta blockers decrease contractility?
Decrease in cAMP
Resting potential high K perm
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
RCA - II - III - aVF
21. The cause of pulmonary edema - paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?
CFX
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
22. what happens to capillaries in lymphatic blockage
Holosystoiic
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
LAD
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
23. sudden death in young atheletes - S4 - apical impulses - outflow obstruction
Atherosclerosis
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
SA and AV nodes
24. What other congenital abnormality is necessary for life for a patient with transposition of the great vesses?
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Atrial contraction
Hemorrhage
25. S3 - dilated heart on US - balloon appearance on CXR - eccentric hypertrophy
Infective endocarditis
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Temporal arteritis
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
26. Which lab value indicates blood viscosity?
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Hematocrit
Fick principle
Vagus to medulla
27. which ethnic groups have higher association with HTN?
In RA return (inspiration)
SA and AV nodes
CFX
Black > white > asian
28. What causes the ejection click in the Cres - decres murmur?
At least 55%
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Atherosclerosis
29. The cause of dyspnea on exertion?
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Non
At least 55%
Fast volatge gated Na channels
30. rate of 02 consumption/ arterial 02 - venous 02 ccontent=CO
C - ANCA
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Fick principle
If sodium channel
31. In a lateral wall infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Early deaths from myocarditis
LCX - I - aVL
Dilation
32. In an inferior wall infarct - which artery is affected and which leads show Q waves
Increased SV
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
RCA - II - III - aVF
Right sided
33. Which bacteria causes endocarditis in the presence of colon cancer
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
LCX - V4- V6
Preload
S. bovis
34. What is the S1 sound?
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
35. Wegener's tx
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
The first 4 days
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
36. What can cause mitral prolapse?
Pos inotropy - exercise
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Transfusion
37. On the cardiac cycle graph - on which corners do the opening and closing of the aortic and mitral valves occur?
Resting potential high K perm
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Libman - sacks endocarditis
38. delta wave on ECG - accesory conduction pathway from atria to ventricles - reentry leading to supraventricular tachycardia
140/90
Ventricles are depolarized
Preload
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
39. PROVe
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
SV/ EDV
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
40. which medications are used to maintain patency or close the ductus arteriosus?
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Aortic insuffic - late
Lymphangiosarcoma
Fluid movement through capillaries
41. Which valve is commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis from IV drug use and Which bacteria are most common?
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183
42. In the evolution of an MI - when the risk for free wall rupture - tamponade - papillary muscle rupture - or interventricular septal rupture the hightest? Why?
Lymphangiosarcoma
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
43. Right to left shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Babies
Strawberry hemangioma
CFX
44. Which area of the endocardium is especially vulnerable to infarction? Why?
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
45. Which two mechanisms sense decrease MAP?
During diastole
Kawasaki
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
46. What does increasing intracellular Ca do?
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Gap junctions
Increase contractility
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
47. What are the 5 T's of cyanoitc babies
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
CK- MB
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
48. In the cardiac cycle - which period has the highest 02 consumption?
Increased SV
Cystic hygroma
Isovolumetric contraction
No - no pressure gradient
49. In an EKG - What is the PR interval?
Raynaud's
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Aortic insuffic - late
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
50. Given P = QR - what factors influence resistance?
Lymphangiosarcoma
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid