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Cardiology
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Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Mitral stenosis is most often secondary to which condition?
RF
PDA
Glomus tumor
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
2. benign cap hemangioma of infancy - spont regresses
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Strawberry hemangioma
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Truncus - tet of fallot
3. What causes the murmur heard in MR to enhance?
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
V fib arrhythima
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Hematocrit
4. Hyperplastic onion skinning
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
5. When do you find hemosiderin laden macrophages in the lungs?
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Fluid movement through capillaries
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
S. bovis
6. The aortic arch receptors transmit along which nerve?
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Vagus to medulla
Left heart failure
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
7. What happens in phase 2 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Preload
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
8. failure of truncus arteriosus to divide?
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Persistant truncus arteriosus
CHF
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
9. Which channel accounts for automaticity of the SA and AV nodes?
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
RCA
Yes
If sodium channel
10. congenital heart defect with marfan's
7 weeks
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
Aortic insuffic - late
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
11. systolic - diastolic
Pulse pressure
The first 4 days
CO
V fib
12. What does the starling curve show?
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Changes in CO as a function of preload
Dilation
13. no relation between p waves and QRS intervals - treatment and predisposing factor
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
14. What constitues the upstroke in pacemaker cells?
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Right sided
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Volatage gated Ca channels
15. What are aschoff bodies
Transfusion
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Granuloma with giant cells
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
16. benign - painful - red - blue tumor under fingernails from smooth muscle cells
The operating point of the heart
10%
Kawasaki
Glomus tumor
17. When does extracellular calcium enter the cardiac muscle cells during contraction?
Takayasu's arteritis
Decreases
Non
The plateau period
18. cavernous lymphangioma of the neck - associated with turner's
Cystic hygroma
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Dilated cardiomyopathy
P02
19. sudden death in young atheletes - S4 - apical impulses - outflow obstruction
Increase contractility
Prinzmetal angina
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Babies
20. SV CAP means?
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Kidney
21. What supplies the posterior left ventricle?
Kawasaki
Decreases
CFX
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
22. benign capillary skin papules in AIDS patients mistaken for kaposi sarcoma - caused by bartonella henselae
Takayasu's arteritis
Buerger's disease
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
...
23. PROVe
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
MI
24. How do catecholamines increase contractility?
The plateau period
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Stroke volume
Torsades de pointes
25. The cause of dyspnea on exertion?
Right sided
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Increase contractility
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
26. Which class of drugs decrease the murmur heard in aortic regurg?
MI
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Vasodilators
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
27. Where is the most posterior portion of the heart and What can it cause?
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
28. In terms of starling forces - why does nephrotic syndrome or liver failure cause edems
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
Dec plasma proteins
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
29. Churg Strauss - presentation and test
LCX - V4- V6
7 weeks
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Fluid movement through capillaries
30. with what heart sounds do ASD usually present?
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
...
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
31. polypoid capillary hemangioma that can ulcerate and bleed
CO
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
Holosystoiic
During diastole
32. What are the complications from bacterial endocarditis?
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
HypoK and bradycardia
Adult type aortic coarctation
Atrial contraction
33. what happens to capillaries in lymphatic blockage
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
34. stroke volume x HR =?
CO
Temporal arteritis
Can progess to V fib
RCA - II - III - aVF
35. What stimulates release of calcium from the SR?
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
36. What are the different etiologies of dialted cardiomyopathy
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Cystic hygroma
37. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the left?
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Mean arterial pressure
Kawasaki
Hemorrhage
38. Irregularly irregular ECG - no p waves: dx and treatment
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
39. When do coronary arteries fill?
During diastole
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
LCX - V4- V6
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
40. In an EKG - What is the QT interval?
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
Turners
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
41. Which enzymes are useful for diagnosing reinfarction
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Pos inotropy - exercise
CK- MB
42. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the right?
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Transfusion
Hemorrhage
43. What causes aortic stenosis
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Polyarteritis nodosum
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Coarcation of aorta
44. What is the early and late lesion in rheumatic heart disease
Liver
LAD - V1 - V4
Mitral valve prolapse
Myxoma
45. Which lab value indicates blood viscosity?
No
LAD - V1 - V4
Hematocrit
Atherosclerosis
46. decrease stretch in baroreceptors leads to what response?
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Polyarteritis nodosum
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
47. most common primary cardiac tumor in adults - ball - valve obstruction in left atrium
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Myxoma
Increase contractility
48. smaller vegetations - congenitally abnormal or diseased valves - sequela of dental procedures. Insidious onset
Viridans streptococci
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
CFX
49. most common heart tumor
LAD - V1 - V4
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Eisenmenger's syndrome
50. congenital heart defect with congenital rubella
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
V fib
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Decreases
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