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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. what conditions are associated with pulsus paradoxus
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Volatage gated Ca channels
2. Which channel accounts for automaticity of the SA and AV nodes?
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
Kaposi's sarcoma
If sodium channel
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
3. Restrictive cardiomyopathy causes
P02
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
4. necrotizing granulomas in lung and upper airways - nectrotizing GN - small vessel vasculitis
5. Which artery supplies the SA and AV nodes?
If sodium channel
RCA
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
6. smaller vegetations - congenitally abnormal or diseased valves - sequela of dental procedures. Insidious onset
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Cystic hygroma
Fast volatge gated Na channels
Viridans streptococci
7. What are the different etiologies of dialted cardiomyopathy
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
Atrial contraction
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
8. decrease stretch in baroreceptors leads to what response?
Ventricles are depolarized
Vasodilators
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Infective endocarditis
9. What happens in phase 0 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
10. Which valve is most commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis?
Mitral valve
Transposition of great vessels
Coarcation of aorta
Holosystoiic
11. What does the atria release in response to inc blood volume and atrial pressure
Fick principle
Pulse pressure
ANP
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
12. What masks atrial repolarization?
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
QRS complex
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
13. What causes orthopnea?
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
14. Why is contractility decreased in heart failure?
Systolic dysfunction
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Vasodilators
PDA
15. disruption of the vasa vasorum of aorta - dilation of aorta and valve ring - tree bark appearance (calcifications on aortic root)
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
Temporal arteritis
In parallel
1st degree AV blodck
16. Rank the following by speed of conduction - av node - atria - purkinjee - ventricles
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
Activated histiocytes
Babies
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
17. In an EKG - What is the p wave?
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Atrial contraction
Rhabdomyomas
The first 4 days
18. What kind of infarct show ST depression
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Subendocardial
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
19. What does HTN predispose to?
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
The plateau period
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
20. Which valve is commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis from IV drug use and Which bacteria are most common?
21. What is association with fixed S2 splitting - does not increase with inspiration
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Turners
ASD
22. The aortic arch receptors transmit along which nerve?
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Vagus to medulla
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
23. When do you find hemosiderin laden macrophages in the lungs?
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
S. epidermidis
24. L to R shunt becomes R to L due to increase pulm pressures from original congenital heart defect
25. Do dihydropyridine or non - dihyrdropyridine Ca channel blockers decrease contractility
HypoK and bradycardia
Pos inotropy - exercise
Non
Infective endocarditis
26. prolonged PR interval
Left sided
Inc blood volume
1st degree AV blodck
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
27. What is the S1 sound?
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Aortic and pulmonary closing
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Preload
28. What other syndrom is associated with infantile aortic coarctation
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Mitral stenosis
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
Turners
29. What causes the cushing reflex and why
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Isovolumetric contraction
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
30. In a lateral wall infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
LCX - I - aVL
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Ventricular repolarization
31. Mitral stenosis is most often secondary to which condition?
Unstable/crescendo angina
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
RF
Temporal arteritis
32. What is a normal EF
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
At least 55%
Fast volatge gated Na channels
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
33. What are anitschkow's cells
Activated histiocytes
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
34. congenital heart defect with turner's
Left atrial pressure
Coarcation of aorta
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
SV/ EDV
35. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by catecholamines and
Truncus - tet of fallot
LAD
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Black > white > asian
36. friction rub - 3-5 days post MI
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
37. What are the systolic heart sounds
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
TAPVR
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
38. What is the characteristic pulse in aortic stenosis?
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Strawberry hemangioma
TAPVR
Turners
39. most common primary cardiac tumor in children - associated with tuberous sclerosis
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Rhabdomyomas
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
40. The cause of pulmonary edema - paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?
Mitral and tricuspid closure
The first 4 days
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
41. Why is there edema after burns or during infection
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Ventricular repolarization
Kidney
42. Rank the pacemakers cells
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
Kawasaki
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
43. Exercise - overtransfusiion and excitiment causes and increase in...?
The operating point of the heart
Preload
At least 55%
Volatage gated Ca channels
44. rate of 02 consumption/ arterial 02 - venous 02 ccontent=CO
Fick principle
C - ANCA
Mitral valve
Increase in Pc
45. benign - painful - red - blue tumor under fingernails from smooth muscle cells
Glomus tumor
Isovolumetric contraction
In series
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
46. What is the classic X ray finding for tet of fallot?
LCX - I - aVL
Yes
Boot shaped heart
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
47. failure of truncus arteriosus to divide?
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Kaposi's sarcoma
RCA - II - III - aVF
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
48. sudden death in young atheletes - S4 - apical impulses - outflow obstruction
LAD - V1 - V4
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
49. What are the complications of atherosclerosis?
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
1st degree AV blodck
PDA
Mean arterial pressure
50. What happends in phase 1 of the ventricular cardiac action potential?
Pulse pressure
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Infective endocarditis