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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Which organ gets the largest share of systemic cardiac output
Liver
10%
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Polyarteritis nodosum
2. What happens with a decrease of extracellular Na
Volatage gated Ca channels
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
RCA - II - III - aVF
3. segmental thrombosing vasculitis of small and medium vessels in smokers with intermittent claudication - superficial nodular phlebitis - raynaud's - gangrene and severe pain - autoamputation of digits is possible
4. benign cap hemangioma of infancy - spont regresses
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
SA and AV nodes
Strawberry hemangioma
Temporal arteritis
5. When and why do you hear the S4 sound
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Mitral valve prolapse
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
6. Exercise - overtransfusiion and excitiment causes and increase in...?
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Cystic hygroma
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Preload
7. Mitral stenosis is most often secondary to which condition?
RF
Decreases
TAPVR
Unstable/crescendo angina
8. Which class of drugs decrease preload
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Pulse pressure
Transmural
Eisenmenger's syndrome
9. skin rash on buttocks and legs - arthralgia - intestinal hemorrhage - abdominal pain - melena. Follows URI - IgA immune complex - most common childhood systemic vasculitis
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Mitral stenosis
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
7 weeks
10. Which sympathetic receptors raise MAP
Increase in Pc
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Viridans streptococci
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
11. In normal S2 splitting - which valve closes first? What increases it?
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Kids
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
12. In terms of starling forces - why does nephrotic syndrome or liver failure cause edems
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
MI
Dec plasma proteins
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
13. Which lab value indicates blood viscosity?
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Dilation
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Hematocrit
14. Endothelial malignancy of the skin assocated with HHV-8 and HIV
15. no relation between p waves and QRS intervals - treatment and predisposing factor
C - ANCA
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
16. What are anitschkow's cells
Pulse pressure
Ventricular repolarization
Activated histiocytes
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
17. In an acute MI - are there any visible changes via LM in the first 2-4 hours
Coarcation of aorta
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
No
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
18. Equilibration of diastolic pressures in all 4 chambers - decreased CO from compression of heart by fluid in pericardium
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Cardiac tamponde
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
19. What happens in phase 0 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
20. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the right?
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Vasocxn
Transfusion
21. highly lethal malignancy of the liver - associated with vinyl chloride - arsenic - and thorosrast exposure
Atherosclerosis
Viridans streptococci
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Angiosarcoma
22. Which artery supplies the inferior portion of the left ventricle and posterior septum?
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
23. What supplies the posterior left ventricle?
CFX
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Vasocxn
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
24. Wegener's presentation
...
Kidney
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
LCX - I - aVL
25. diaphoresis - N/V - severe retrosternal pain - pain in left arm/jaw - SOB - fatigue - adrenergic symptoms
During diastole
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
MI
Inc Kf - capillary perm
26. Hyperplastic onion skinning
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Dressler's - autoimmune
TAPVR
27. Restrictive cardiomyopathy causes
HypoK and bradycardia
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
TAPVR
28. In an EKG - What is the QT interval?
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
29. p - anca
30. EDV - ESV
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
HypoK and bradycardia
Systolic dysfunction
Stroke volume
31. What causes the murmur heard in MR to enhance?
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Strawberry hemangioma
Non
32. Chronic mitral stenosis can lead to what changes in size of the LA
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Dilation
Unstable/crescendo angina
33. In an EKG - What is the QRS complex?
Mean arterial pressure
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
34. friction rub - 3-5 days post MI
MI
Raynaud's
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
35. absecnce of tricuspid valve - hypoplastic RV
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Greater ventricular EDV
36. prolonged PR interval
Buerger's disease
LAD - V1 - V4
1st degree AV blodck
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
37. What is the S1 sound?
Viridans streptococci
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Aortic insuffic - late
38. What is the danger of torsades to pointes?
Can progess to V fib
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
39. Which enzyme rises after 4 hours and is elevated for 7 to 10 days after an MI?
Cardiac tamponde
Troponin I
Mitral valve prolapse
Granuloma with giant cells
40. fibrinous pericarditis several weeks post MI
41. Inspiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds?
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Right sided
Decreased
42. What does FEVERSS stand for in rheumatic heart disease
LAD - V1- V2
No
Transmural
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
43. What does the U wave indicated?
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Viridans streptococci
Yes
HypoK and bradycardia
44. How are cadiac myocytes eltrically coupled?
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Gap junctions
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Mitral valve prolapse
45. MAP is also known as
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
46. In an EKG - What is the PR interval?
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Fast volatge gated Na channels
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
47. Which murmur is heard with mitral prolapse?
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Atrial contraction
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
S. bovis
48. Right to left shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Babies
Fluid movement through capillaries
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
49. Which valve is most commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis?
Preload
Pos inotropy - exercise
Mitral valve
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
50. which heart valves are afected most in rheumatic heart diseease
Pos inotropy - exercise
The operating point of the heart
Liver
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most