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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In the cardiac cycle - which period has the highest 02 consumption?
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Non
Prinzmetal angina
Isovolumetric contraction
2. What is the result of not have fast sodium channels in pacemaker cells?
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
3. clinical signs of cardiac tamponade
Myxoma
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
SA and AV nodes
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
4. What do patients die early from in rheumatic heart disease?
Subendocardial
Early deaths from myocarditis
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
5. exaggerated decrease in pulse during inspiration.
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6. What kind of infarct show ST depression
Subendocardial
Lymphangiosarcoma
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Torsades de pointes
7. tearing chest pain radiation to the back - associated with marfan
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Mitral valve
S. epidermidis
8. What is the difference between adult and infantile type aortic coarctation?
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Pos inotropy - exercise
If sodium channel
Left sided
9. Irregularly irregular ECG - no p waves: dx and treatment
Volatage gated Ca channels
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Non
10. When and why is the S3 sound heard?
Hyperlipidemia
Black > white > asian
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
11. What is the classic X ray finding for tet of fallot?
PDA
At least 55%
Boot shaped heart
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
12. cavernous lymphangioma of the neck - associated with turner's
Cystic hygroma
CHF
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
...
13. What causes the cushing reflex and why
Yes
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
14. What causes aortic regurg
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
15. congenital heart defect with 22q11
Liver
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
Decreases
Truncus - tet of fallot
16. Why is contractility decreased in heart failure?
Right sided
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Systolic dysfunction
17. What is the machine like murmur? What is the heart pathology and the predisposing causes
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
In HF
18. Which organ has the largest arteriovenous difference
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
19. Wegener's presentation
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Hyperlipidemia
Volatage gated Ca channels
Early deaths from myocarditis
20. Why is there edema after burns or during infection
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
Vasocxn
ANP
Inc Kf - capillary perm
21. Which organ has ht highest blood flow per gram of tissue
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Kidney
22. In an anteroseptal infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
LAD - V1- V2
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Takayasu's arteritis
23. Fatal arrhythmia
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
V fib
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
24. Which vessels account for the most total peripheral resistance
Mitral valve
The first 4 days
Arteriorles
Atrial contraction
25. stroke volume x HR =?
Vasodilators
CO
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
26. Most common vasculitis affecting medium and large arteries
Non
Temporal arteritis
Hyperlipidemia
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
27. How does aldosterone raise MAP
Dec plasma proteins
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Inc blood volume
Babies
28. What causes the murmur heard in tricuspid regurg to enhance
In RA return (inspiration)
Wegener's
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
29. In terms of starling forces - why does nephrotic syndrome or liver failure cause edems
Resting potential high K perm
Dec plasma proteins
Mitral valve prolapse
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
30. benign capillary skin papules in AIDS patients mistaken for kaposi sarcoma - caused by bartonella henselae
Fick principle
Cherry hemangioma
...
Hematocrit
31. no change in PR interval followed by dropped beat
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
32. what happens to capillaries in lymphatic blockage
Liver
MAP
Decreased
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
33. Which valve is most commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis?
Left sided
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Mitral valve
34. What stimulates release of calcium from the SR?
Truncus - tet of fallot
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
35. Unilateral headache - jaw claudication - impaired vision
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
In series
ASD
36. In an anterolateral infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
LCX - V4- V6
Fick principle
37. How do catecholamines increase contractility?
Isovolumetric contraction
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
38. which ethnic groups have higher association with HTN?
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Kids
Black > white > asian
In series
39. benign cap hemangioma of infancy - spont regresses
RCA - II - III - aVF
Hematocrit
Strawberry hemangioma
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
40. Which sympathetic receptors raise MAP
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Dec plasma proteins
V fib
41. with what heart sounds do ASD usually present?
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
MI
42. PCWP > LV diastolic pressure
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
SV/ EDV
Kids
Mitral stenosis
43. Which artery supplies the SA and AV nodes?
The operating point of the heart
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
RCA
44. In an EKG - What is the QRS complex?
Increase in Pc
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
45. What does TAPVR stand for
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Vasocxn
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
C - ANCA
46. In an EKG - What is the p wave?
Vasocxn
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Atrial contraction
Eisenmenger's syndrome
47. What is the association with wide S2 splitting?
Holosystoiic
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
48. How do beta blockers decrease contractility?
Resting potential high K perm
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Decrease in cAMP
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
49. In terms of starling forces - why does heart failure cause edema?
Increase in Pc
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Preload
Babies
50. What masks atrial repolarization?
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
QRS complex
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla