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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What 4 things drive myocardial 02 demand?
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
2. When does extracellular calcium enter the cardiac muscle cells during contraction?
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
LAD
The plateau period
3. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the left?
Vasocxn
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Hemorrhage
P02
4. What do patients die early from in rheumatic heart disease?
LCX - V4- V6
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Early deaths from myocarditis
Inc Kf - capillary perm
5. decrease blood flow to the skin due to arteriolar vasospasm in cold temp - emotional stress - also in SLE and CREST
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6. What happends in phase 1 of the ventricular cardiac action potential?
RV failure - in venous pressure
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
CFX
7. Most common vasculitis affecting medium and large arteries
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Temporal arteritis
8. What causes aortic stenosis
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
MAP
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
9. What stimulates release of calcium from the SR?
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
Ventricular repolarization
C - ANCA
10. pulseless disease - granulomatous thickening of the aortic arch and/or proximal great vessels - elev ESR - asian females > 40
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11. rate of 02 consumption/ arterial 02 - venous 02 ccontent=CO
Fick principle
Subendocardial
Hemorrhage
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
12. Right to left shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Babies
At least 55%
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Aortic insuffic - late
13. In an EKG - What is the QT interval?
Kawasaki
Left atrial pressure
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
SA and AV nodes
14. skin rash on buttocks and legs - arthralgia - intestinal hemorrhage - abdominal pain - melena. Follows URI - IgA immune complex - most common childhood systemic vasculitis
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Black > white > asian
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Fick principle
15. Exercise - overtransfusiion and excitiment causes and increase in...?
Takayasu's arteritis
Systolic dysfunction
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Preload
16. disease of elastic arteries and large and medium sized muscular arteries
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
Pos inotropy - exercise
Atherosclerosis
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
17. PROVe
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Adult type aortic coarctation
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
18. In an anterior wall infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Transposition of great vessels
LAD - V1 - V4
19. systolic - diastolic
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Pulse pressure
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
PDA
20. Which two mechanisms sense decrease MAP?
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Cystic hygroma
Kawasaki
21. What is sudden cardiac death most commonly due to...
S. epidermidis
S. bovis
V fib arrhythima
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
22. What happens in phase 4 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Resting potential high K perm
...
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Cherry hemangioma
23. in the JVP - What is the a wave?
Adult type aortic coarctation
CFX
Atrial contraction
Can progess to V fib
24. fibrinous pericarditis several weeks post MI
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25. exaggerated decrease in pulse during inspiration.
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26. sudden death in young atheletes - S4 - apical impulses - outflow obstruction
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Temporal arteritis
27. Left to right shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Subendocardial
Granuloma with giant cells
Decreases
Kids
28. port wine stains on face - intracerebral AVM - siezures - early onset glaucoma - congenital
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Mitral valve
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
29. What do the starling forces determine
Angiosarcoma
Fluid movement through capillaries
Mean arterial pressure
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
30. Restrictive cardiomyopathy causes
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
31. Does blood flow across the actual ASD account for abnormal heart sounds? What is the reason?
CHF
Atrial contraction
No - no pressure gradient
In parallel
32. What happens in phase 0 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Dilation
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Babies
Persistant truncus arteriosus
33. most common primary cardiac tumor in children - associated with tuberous sclerosis
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Ventricular repolarization
Rhabdomyomas
LCX - I - aVL
34. What does mitral prolapse predeispose to?
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
The plateau period
Infective endocarditis
35. In what disease states is blood viscosity increased?
Changes in CO as a function of preload
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
36. Expiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds
Left sided
LCX - I - aVL
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Strawberry hemangioma
37. What happens in phase 3 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Myxoma
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
RCA
38. Do you see elevaged ASO titers in rheumatic heart disease
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Yes
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
39. When during cardiac nodal cells depolarize?
In HF
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
During diastole
40. delta wave on ECG - accesory conduction pathway from atria to ventricles - reentry leading to supraventricular tachycardia
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
41. Endothelial malignancy of the skin assocated with HHV-8 and HIV
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42. what conditions are associated with pulsus paradoxus
RCA - II - III - aVF
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
43. What is the most common cause of MI
140/90
LAD
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
44. When is the scar completely formed in an MI?
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
7 weeks
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
45. Churg Strauss - presentation and test
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
During diastole
Right sided
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
46. Which vessels account for the most total peripheral resistance
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
During diastole
Dressler's - autoimmune
Arteriorles
47. What is the S2 sound?
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Inc blood volume
Mitral stenosis
At least 55%
48. congenital heart defect with congenital rubella
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Stroke volume
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
140/90
49. Which murmur is heard in aortic stenosis?
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
LAD
TAPVR
50. What is the difference between the fetal and neonatal direction of blood flow in a patent ductus arteriosus
Pos inotropy - exercise
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen