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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
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Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Chronic mitral stenosis can lead to what changes in size of the LA
Dilation
Preload
Wegener's
Takayasu's arteritis
2. PCWP > LV diastolic pressure
Mitral stenosis
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
The plateau period
Lymphangiosarcoma
3. p - anca
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4. decrease stretch in baroreceptors leads to what response?
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Unstable/crescendo angina
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
In series
5. What is the difference between the fetal and neonatal direction of blood flow in a patent ductus arteriosus
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Atherosclerosis
6. acute - self limiting necrotizing vasculitis in children associated with fever - conjunctivitis - strawberry tongue - desquamatous skin rash - lymphadenitis - coronary sinus aneurysms. Seen in asians
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Dec plasma proteins
Kawasaki
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
7. Endothelial malignancy of the skin assocated with HHV-8 and HIV
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8. Which murmur is heard with VSD?
Angiosarcoma
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
9. clinical signs of cardiac tamponade
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Transposition of great vessels
10. How are sarcomeres added in concentric hypertrophy?
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
In parallel
QRS complex
TAPVR
11. Does blood flow across the actual ASD account for abnormal heart sounds? What is the reason?
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
No - no pressure gradient
Activated histiocytes
12. Which enzyme rises after 4 hours and is elevated for 7 to 10 days after an MI?
Troponin I
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Eisenmenger's syndrome
Vagus to medulla
13. disruption of the vasa vasorum of aorta - dilation of aorta and valve ring - tree bark appearance (calcifications on aortic root)
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
14. What other congenital abnormality is necessary for life for a patient with transposition of the great vesses?
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
15. What is the progression of atherosclerosis?
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
ANP
In parallel
Holosystoiic
16. Mitral stenosis is most often secondary to which condition?
V fib
1st degree AV blodck
RF
Preload
17. What is the difference between adult and infantile type aortic coarctation?
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
18. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by Ach or adenosine?
Preload
Atrial contraction
Decreases
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
19. thrombosis w/o necrosis - ST elevation - worsening chest pain at rest or with minimal exertion
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Unstable/crescendo angina
Changes in CO as a function of preload
LAD - V1- V2
20. In what disease states is blood viscosity increased?
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Infective endocarditis
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
21. If HR is too fast (V tach) what happens during diastole?
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
No - no pressure gradient
22. What does autoregulation do?
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
Decreases
Lymphangiosarcoma
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
23. fibrinous pericarditis several weeks post MI
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24. in the JVP - What is the v wave?
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
25. lymphatic malignancy associated with persistant lymphadema - post radical mastectomy
Lymphangiosarcoma
CFX
No
Truncus - tet of fallot
26. What are the four most common locations for atherosclerosis?
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
ANP
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
27. Which area of the endocardium is especially vulnerable to infarction? Why?
Resting potential high K perm
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Mean arterial pressure
RV failure - in venous pressure
28. What does an isoelectric ST segment indicate?
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
MAP
Ventricles are depolarized
Holosystoiic
29. In an inferior wall infarct - which artery is affected and which leads show Q waves
SV/ EDV
Mean arterial pressure
Left sided
RCA - II - III - aVF
30. What is the cushing triad?
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
LCX - V4- V6
CFX
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
31. PROVe
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
SV/ EDV
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Early deaths from myocarditis
32. Wegener's tx
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
S. aureus
Changes in CO as a function of preload
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
33. In a lateral wall infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
LCX - I - aVL
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Aortic and pulmonary closing
34. In an EKG - What is the QT interval?
LAD - V1 - V4
ASD
Cystic hygroma
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
35. What is indicated when CO and venous return are equal?
Kaposi's sarcoma
The operating point of the heart
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Systolic dysfunction
36. What causes hepatomegaly?
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
RCA
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
37. When do coronary arteries fill?
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
140/90
During diastole
38. Most common vasculitis affecting medium and large arteries
Temporal arteritis
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Preload
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
39. highly lethal malignancy of the liver - associated with vinyl chloride - arsenic - and thorosrast exposure
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Angiosarcoma
Non
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
40. In an anterolateral infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
LCX - V4- V6
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
41. what happens to capillaries in lymphatic blockage
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Hematocrit
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
42. Which valve is most commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis?
Mitral valve
Liver
LAD - V1- V2
Cherry hemangioma
43. benign cap hemangioma of infancy - spont regresses
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Strawberry hemangioma
Ventricular repolarization
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
44. Restrictive cardiomyopathy causes
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
45. progressive lengthening of PR until beat is dropped - a p wave not followed by QRS
Fast volatge gated Na channels
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Fick principle
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
46. Which lab value indicates blood viscosity?
Vasodilators
Hematocrit
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Stroke volume
47. The 7 complications of MI
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48. What causes aortic regurg
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
HypoK and bradycardia
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
49. What other sign is often present with congenital long QT syndrome - why?
In series
Changes in CO as a function of preload
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
50. congenital heart defect with congenital rubella
Changes in CO as a function of preload
ANP
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
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