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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the definition of HTN?
Decreases
140/90
Right sided
Wegener's
2. pulseless disease - granulomatous thickening of the aortic arch and/or proximal great vessels - elev ESR - asian females > 40
3. In an anterolateral infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
LAD > RCA > circumflex
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
LCX - V4- V6
MAP
4. What supplies the posterior left ventricle?
Dilation
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
CFX
LAD - V1- V2
5. Does blood flow across the actual ASD account for abnormal heart sounds? What is the reason?
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
1st degree AV blodck
No - no pressure gradient
6. What causes tet of fallot?
Pos inotropy - exercise
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
CK- MB
7. Wegener's tx
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
140/90
8. How are sarcomeres added in concentric hypertrophy?
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
The operating point of the heart
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
In parallel
9. What is a normal EF
At least 55%
Hyperlipidemia
Mitral valve
Kids
10. How does angiotensin II raise MAP
Vasocxn
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
11. What kind of infarct show ST depression
Increase in Pc
Subendocardial
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Fick principle
12. Which bacteria causes rheumatic heart disease
Coarcation of aorta
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
No
Group a beta hemolytic strep
13. What is the difference between adult and infantile type aortic coarctation?
Increase in Pc
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
Arteriorles
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
14. sudden death in young atheletes - S4 - apical impulses - outflow obstruction
CK- MB
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
15. what happens to capillaries in lymphatic blockage
Ventricles are depolarized
Troponin I
Fluid movement through capillaries
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
16. The cause of pulmonary edema - paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Increase in Pc
Decreases
17. Which artery supplies the inferior portion of the left ventricle and posterior septum?
RF
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Pulse pressure
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
18. tearing chest pain radiation to the back - associated with marfan
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
Volatage gated Ca channels
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
19. EDV is also known as
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Arteriorles
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Preload
20. What does the atria release in response to inc blood volume and atrial pressure
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
ANP
Vasocxn
21. Which enzymes are useful for diagnosing reinfarction
CK- MB
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
QRS complex
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
22. Which valve is most commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis?
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Mitral valve
Ventricular repolarization
No
23. What does the starling curve show?
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Changes in CO as a function of preload
24. most common primary cardiac tumor in adults - ball - valve obstruction in left atrium
Myxoma
Activated histiocytes
No - no pressure gradient
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
25. which ethnic groups have higher association with HTN?
Torsades de pointes
Black > white > asian
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
26. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the left?
Black > white > asian
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Hemorrhage
27. What stimulates release of calcium from the SR?
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
CFX
28. In an EKG - What is the T wave?
ASD
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
Pos inotropy - exercise
Ventricular repolarization
29. The cause of dyspnea on exertion?
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Hyperlipidemia
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
EKG
30. When do coronary arteries fill?
Mitral stenosis
Decreases
140/90
During diastole
31. PROVe
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
The operating point of the heart
32. What is sudden cardiac death most commonly due to...
Vasodilators
V fib arrhythima
Liver
Fick principle
33. What murmur is heard with aortic regurg?
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Fluid movement through capillaries
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
34. In an acute MI - are there any visible changes via LM in the first 2-4 hours
No
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
Mitral valve
35. failure of truncus arteriosus to divide?
LAD - V1- V2
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Stable angina
36. What constitues the upstroke in pacemaker cells?
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Volatage gated Ca channels
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
37. What does prolonged QT predispose to?
S. bovis
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Torsades de pointes
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
38. decrease blood flow to the skin due to arteriolar vasospasm in cold temp - emotional stress - also in SLE and CREST
39. What does FROM JANE stand for in bacterial endocarditis?
40. PCWP is an estimate of...
Greater ventricular EDV
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
Left atrial pressure
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
41. What does TAPVR stand for
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Vagus to medulla
Transfusion
LAD - V1- V2
42. What causes aortic regurg
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Atrial contraction
Holosystoiic
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
43. What is the characteristic pulse in aortic stenosis?
Glomus tumor
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
SV/ EDV
Early deaths from myocarditis
44. bening capillary hemangioma of elderly - does not regress
Mean arterial pressure
Left heart failure
Rhabdomyomas
Cherry hemangioma
45. The 7 complications of MI
46. In normal S2 splitting - which valve closes first? What increases it?
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
47. Which organ has ht highest blood flow per gram of tissue
Vasocxn
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Changes in CO as a function of preload
Kidney
48. decrease stretch in baroreceptors leads to what response?
Cardiac tamponde
Early deaths from myocarditis
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
CFX
49. Hyperplastic onion skinning
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Unstable/crescendo angina
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
50. Which bacteria can cause endocarditis from prosthetic valves?
S. epidermidis
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Stable angina
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli