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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
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Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the most common cause of MI
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
The operating point of the heart
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
2. MAP is also known as
Changes in CO as a function of preload
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Buerger's disease
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
3. Restrictive cardiomyopathy causes
Eisenmenger's syndrome
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Subendocardial
CO
4. What are anitschkow's cells
Activated histiocytes
Gap junctions
Atherosclerosis
Kawasaki
5. What does mitral prolapse predeispose to?
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Volatage gated Ca channels
Infective endocarditis
6. Which murmur is heard with VSD?
V fib arrhythima
Atrial contraction
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
7. Which organ has the largest arteriovenous difference
Atrial contraction
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Strawberry hemangioma
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
8. Rank the following by speed of conduction - av node - atria - purkinjee - ventricles
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Subendocardial
Volatage gated Ca channels
Transposition of great vessels
9. no change in PR interval followed by dropped beat
RCA - II - III - aVF
Atherosclerosis
Adult type aortic coarctation
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
10. CO x Total peripheral resistance
Atrial contraction
Angiosarcoma
Mean arterial pressure
EKG
11. In an EKG - What is the PR interval?
Kids
Decreased
LAD - V1- V2
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
12. What does the U wave indicated?
HypoK and bradycardia
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
13. diaphoresis - N/V - severe retrosternal pain - pain in left arm/jaw - SOB - fatigue - adrenergic symptoms
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
MI
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
Boot shaped heart
14. S3 - dilated heart on US - balloon appearance on CXR - eccentric hypertrophy
Right sided
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Dilated cardiomyopathy
15. wartiike - sterile vegetations occur on both sides of the valve - commonly causes mitral regurg. SLE causes it
Dilation
During diastole
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Libman - sacks endocarditis
16. Which valve is commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis from IV drug use and Which bacteria are most common?
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17. What is the formula for EF?
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
SV/ EDV
Activated histiocytes
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
18. Endothelial malignancy of the skin assocated with HHV-8 and HIV
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19. When is the scar completely formed in an MI?
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
7 weeks
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
20. list the coronary vessels most likely to be occluded
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Arteriorles
21. PCWP is an estimate of...
CFX
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Left atrial pressure
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
22. How do catecholamines increase contractility?
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Transmural
23. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by Ach or adenosine?
Decreases
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Diastolic
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
24. What other sign is often present with congenital long QT syndrome - why?
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
25. What is the time frame for arrhythmia risk in the evolution of MI
The first 4 days
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Mean arterial pressure
CHF
26. What is the early and late lesion in rheumatic heart disease
Mitral valve prolapse
Troponin I
TAPVR
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
27. What do the starling forces determine
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
V fib
ANP
Fluid movement through capillaries
28. What is the cushing triad?
Angiosarcoma
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
29. Inspiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds?
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Volatage gated Ca channels
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
Right sided
30. no relation between p waves and QRS intervals - treatment and predisposing factor
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Unstable/crescendo angina
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
31. What can cause mitral prolapse?
Left sided
Increase contractility
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
32. When during cardiac nodal cells depolarize?
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
During diastole
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
33. How does angiotensin II raise MAP
PDA
Vasocxn
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
34. disease of elastic arteries and large and medium sized muscular arteries
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Kids
Atherosclerosis
35. What causes orthopnea?
CHF
Volatage gated Ca channels
...
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
36. EDV is also known as
Hemorrhage
MI
Preload
Yes
37. What other congenital abnormality is necessary for life for a patient with transposition of the great vesses?
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
ASD
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
38. Mitral stenosis is most often secondary to which condition?
RF
Fick principle
LCX - I - aVL
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
39. How do beta blockers decrease contractility?
Fast volatge gated Na channels
Decrease in cAMP
Angiosarcoma
EKG
40. friction rub - 3-5 days post MI
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
The plateau period
Torsades de pointes
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
41. In terms of starling forces - why does nephrotic syndrome or liver failure cause edems
Isovolumetric contraction
Dec plasma proteins
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Atherosclerosis
42. prolonged PR interval
1st degree AV blodck
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Eisenmenger's syndrome
43. immune mediated transmural vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis - small and medium vessels - renal and viscera - not pulm arteries - hep B seropos in 30% of pts
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
ANP
Polyarteritis nodosum
44. What kind of dysfunction ensues in restrictive cardiomyopathy
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Diastolic
140/90
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
45. What is the gold standard for dx of MI in the first 6 hours
EKG
Activated histiocytes
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
46. In an anteroseptal infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
HypoK and bradycardia
RCA
LAD - V1- V2
47. acute - self limiting necrotizing vasculitis in children associated with fever - conjunctivitis - strawberry tongue - desquamatous skin rash - lymphadenitis - coronary sinus aneurysms. Seen in asians
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Kawasaki
48. When and why do you hear the S4 sound
Hemorrhage
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Truncus - tet of fallot
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
49. What is the most common cause of right heart failure
Atrial contraction
Coarcation of aorta
Takayasu's arteritis
Left heart failure
50. In an inferior wall infarct - which artery is affected and which leads show Q waves
Aortic insuffic - late
RCA - II - III - aVF
P02
Left atrial pressure
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