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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What are the complications from bacterial endocarditis?
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Preload
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
2. delta wave on ECG - accesory conduction pathway from atria to ventricles - reentry leading to supraventricular tachycardia
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Black > white > asian
MAP
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
3. absecnce of tricuspid valve - hypoplastic RV
In HF
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Polyarteritis nodosum
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
4. In an EKG - What is the T wave?
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Ventricular repolarization
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
5. What is the most common cause of MI
Fluid movement through capillaries
V fib arrhythima
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
6. How are the sarcomeres added in eccentric hypertrophy?
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Kaposi's sarcoma
In series
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
7. What supplies the posterior left ventricle?
Increase contractility
Transmural
CFX
Inc blood volume
8. Which lab value indicates blood viscosity?
Black > white > asian
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Hematocrit
LCX - I - aVL
9. How does a patient with Tet of fallot learn to improve symptoms?
Vagus to medulla
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
Non
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
10. In terms of starling forces - why does heart failure cause edema?
Angiosarcoma
LAD - V1 - V4
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
Increase in Pc
11. What causes tet of fallot?
Atherosclerosis
Wegener's
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
12. What other congenital abnormality is necessary for life for a patient with transposition of the great vesses?
Fick principle
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
10%
13. What kind of infarct show ST depression
Greater ventricular EDV
Subendocardial
MI
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
14. moncekberg
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Vasocxn
Aortic and pulmonary closing
15. What is the classic X ray finding for tet of fallot?
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Boot shaped heart
HypoK and bradycardia
C - ANCA
16. acute - self limiting necrotizing vasculitis in children associated with fever - conjunctivitis - strawberry tongue - desquamatous skin rash - lymphadenitis - coronary sinus aneurysms. Seen in asians
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Kawasaki
17. Which murmur is characteristic of mitral/tricuspid regurg?
Transmural
In HF
Holosystoiic
Turners
18. What is the cushing triad?
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
19. When does EF decrease
In HF
Black > white > asian
Right sided
RCA - II - III - aVF
20. Which organ gets the largest share of systemic cardiac output
Liver
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
P02
Wegener's
21. In an EKG - What is the QT interval?
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Viridans streptococci
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
22. in the JVP - What is the a wave?
Takayasu's arteritis
Atrial contraction
Preload
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
23. What are anitschkow's cells
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Activated histiocytes
Stroke volume
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
24. Does eccentric hypertrophy or concentric hypertrophy cause systolic disfunction
1st degree AV blodck
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Arteriorles
MI
25. If HR is too fast (V tach) what happens during diastole?
Strawberry hemangioma
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
26. Which two mechanisms sense decrease MAP?
Adult type aortic coarctation
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Decreased
EKG
27. What are the diastolic heart sounds?
No
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Cherry hemangioma
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
28. which ethnic groups have higher association with HTN?
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Early deaths from myocarditis
Black > white > asian
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
29. Which murmur is heard with VSD?
Liver
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
No - no pressure gradient
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
30. Weak pulses - notching of the ribs on xray - HTN in upper extremeties and weak peripheral pulses
Increase contractility
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Left atrial pressure
Adult type aortic coarctation
31. Mitral stenosis is most often secondary to which condition?
Increased SV
Torsades de pointes
Left atrial pressure
RF
32. benign cap hemangioma of infancy - spont regresses
Granuloma with giant cells
Strawberry hemangioma
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Decreases
33. The carotid sinus transmits along which nerve?
Glomus tumor
Increase contractility
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
34. What does FROM JANE stand for in bacterial endocarditis?
35. what conditions are associated with pulsus paradoxus
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
36. Given P = QR - what factors influence resistance?
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
In parallel
37. failure of truncus arteriosus to divide?
No - no pressure gradient
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Diastolic
38. benign capillary skin papules in AIDS patients mistaken for kaposi sarcoma - caused by bartonella henselae
CK- MB
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
...
CHF
39. In an anterolateral infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Rhabdomyomas
LCX - V4- V6
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
40. What kind of dysfunction ensues in restrictive cardiomyopathy
Coarcation of aorta
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
Diastolic
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
41. sudden death in young atheletes - S4 - apical impulses - outflow obstruction
Mitral valve prolapse
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
...
1st degree AV blodck
42. In an acute MI - are there any visible changes via LM in the first 2-4 hours
No
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
43. What causes the midsystolic click
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
CHF
Polyarteritis nodosum
44. disruption of the vasa vasorum of aorta - dilation of aorta and valve ring - tree bark appearance (calcifications on aortic root)
In parallel
SA and AV nodes
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
45. clinical signs of cardiac tamponade
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
46. friction rub - 3-5 days post MI
7 weeks
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
47. Which bacteria can cause endocarditis from prosthetic valves?
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Ventricular repolarization
S. epidermidis
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
48. When is the scar completely formed in an MI?
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
7 weeks
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
49. cavernous lymphangioma of the neck - associated with turner's
Cystic hygroma
Gap junctions
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
During diastole
50. what percentage of HTN is secondary to renal disease?
Holosystoiic
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Cystic hygroma
10%