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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Where is the most posterior portion of the heart and What can it cause?
QRS complex
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
2. What causes aortic stenosis
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Ventricular repolarization
C - ANCA
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
3. In normal S2 splitting - which valve closes first? What increases it?
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Right sided
SA and AV nodes
4. Inspiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds?
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Right sided
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
5. sudden death in young atheletes - S4 - apical impulses - outflow obstruction
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
6. What does prolonged QT predispose to?
Fluid movement through capillaries
Torsades de pointes
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
Preload
7. in the JVP - What is the a wave?
Atrial contraction
Rhabdomyomas
Ventricular repolarization
Turners
8. Which bacteria can cause endocarditis from prosthetic valves?
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Strawberry hemangioma
Vagus to medulla
S. epidermidis
9. most common primary cardiac tumor in children - associated with tuberous sclerosis
CO
Rhabdomyomas
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
In parallel
10. How does angiotensin II raise MAP
Vasocxn
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
In RA return (inspiration)
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
11. Where does coronary artery occlusion occur most commonly?
Turners
LAD
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
TAPVR
12. Which lab value indicates blood viscosity?
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Hematocrit
Temporal arteritis
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
13. How does aldosterone raise MAP
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Inc blood volume
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Hematocrit
14. In terms of starling forces - why does nephrotic syndrome or liver failure cause edems
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Dec plasma proteins
Kaposi's sarcoma
Eisenmenger's syndrome
15. Churg Strauss - presentation and test
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Decrease in cAMP
Pulse pressure
16. What causes the murmur heard in MR to enhance?
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
10%
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
17. If HR is too fast (V tach) what happens during diastole?
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Dec plasma proteins
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
18. systolic - diastolic
The operating point of the heart
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Mitral valve prolapse
Pulse pressure
19. Most common vasculitis affecting medium and large arteries
Temporal arteritis
Angiosarcoma
S. aureus
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
20. Where are pacemaker cells?
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
SA and AV nodes
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Mitral stenosis
21. Which organ gets the largest share of systemic cardiac output
Liver
TAPVR
Viridans streptococci
Troponin I
22. Do dihydropyridine or non - dihyrdropyridine Ca channel blockers decrease contractility
Non
Ventricles are depolarized
Fick principle
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
23. What are the systolic heart sounds
Isovolumetric contraction
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
CFX
...
24. How do beta blockers decrease contractility?
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Decrease in cAMP
Kawasaki
CK- MB
25. What happens in phase 2 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Dressler's - autoimmune
Hyperlipidemia
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
26. Does blood flow across the actual ASD account for abnormal heart sounds? What is the reason?
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
No - no pressure gradient
In series
27. Central chemoreceptors do not respond directly to which parameter?
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Hyperlipidemia
Cherry hemangioma
P02
28. In an EKG - What is the QT interval?
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
LCX - I - aVL
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
29. smaller vegetations - congenitally abnormal or diseased valves - sequela of dental procedures. Insidious onset
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Viridans streptococci
30. What happens in phase 4 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
Resting potential high K perm
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
31. Which murmur is characteristic of mitral/tricuspid regurg?
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Glomus tumor
Holosystoiic
Wegener's
32. The cause of pulmonary edema - paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
P02
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Dressler's - autoimmune
33. bening capillary hemangioma of elderly - does not regress
Cherry hemangioma
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Kawasaki
RV failure - in venous pressure
34. Which enzymes are useful for diagnosing reinfarction
SV/ EDV
HypoK and bradycardia
CK- MB
Hemorrhage
35. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by Ach or adenosine?
Mitral stenosis
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Decreases
36. what conditions are associated with pulsus paradoxus
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
37. Unilateral headache - jaw claudication - impaired vision
TAPVR
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
...
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
38. The 7 complications of MI
39. What is the early and late lesion in rheumatic heart disease
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Mitral valve prolapse
ANP
40. Does eccentric hypertrophy or concentric hypertrophy cause systolic disfunction
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
41. with what heart sounds do ASD usually present?
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
ANP
Persistant truncus arteriosus
42. What is sudden cardiac death most commonly due to...
Kids
V fib arrhythima
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Dilation
43. The aortic arch receptors transmit along which nerve?
Vagus to medulla
If sodium channel
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Systolic dysfunction
44. What does FROM JANE stand for in bacterial endocarditis?
45. In an anterior wall infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
Atrial contraction
LAD - V1 - V4
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
Buerger's disease
46. What is the danger of torsades to pointes?
Hematocrit
Non
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Can progess to V fib
47. most common primary cardiac tumor in adults - ball - valve obstruction in left atrium
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Myxoma
48. How does digitatlis increase contractility?
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
The plateau period
Increase in Pc
TAPVR
49. retrosternal chest main with exertion - ST depression on ECG - likely due atherosclerosis
Stable angina
Preload
RV failure - in venous pressure
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
50. progressive lengthening of PR until beat is dropped - a p wave not followed by QRS
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Left sided
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura