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Cardiology
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Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When and why is the S3 sound heard?
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
ANP
2. Mitral stenosis is most often secondary to which condition?
Fast volatge gated Na channels
RF
S. bovis
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
3. Which kind of infarct show ST elevation - and/or pathologic Q waves
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Transmural
LAD
Decrease in cAMP
4. What is the machine like murmur? What is the heart pathology and the predisposing causes
Fluid movement through capillaries
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
5. What causes the CO curve to shift upwards?
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Pos inotropy - exercise
Coarcation of aorta
6. disruption of the vasa vasorum of aorta - dilation of aorta and valve ring - tree bark appearance (calcifications on aortic root)
Lymphangiosarcoma
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
Increase in Pc
Babies
7. What is the S2 sound?
Viridans streptococci
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Ventricles are depolarized
Aortic and pulmonary closing
8. Which lab value indicates blood viscosity?
Hematocrit
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Polyarteritis nodosum
9. If HR is too fast (V tach) what happens during diastole?
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
LAD - V1 - V4
Troponin I
10. What causes the ejection click in the Cres - decres murmur?
Mitral stenosis
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
11. Central chemoreceptors do not respond directly to which parameter?
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
HypoK and bradycardia
P02
V fib
12. What does the U wave indicated?
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
HypoK and bradycardia
Lymphangiosarcoma
13. Inspiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds?
Non
Resting potential high K perm
During diastole
Right sided
14. serum marker for wegener's
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Dilation
C - ANCA
15. Exercise - overtransfusiion and excitiment causes and increase in...?
Preload
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Subendocardial
Turners
16. How does angiotensin II raise MAP
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Vasocxn
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Unstable/crescendo angina
17. How does aldosterone raise MAP
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Inc blood volume
S. aureus
During diastole
18. What are the complications from bacterial endocarditis?
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
ANP
Arteriorles
19. Why is there edema after burns or during infection
Ventricles are depolarized
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Stroke volume
20. immune mediated transmural vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis - small and medium vessels - renal and viscera - not pulm arteries - hep B seropos in 30% of pts
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
HypoK and bradycardia
Polyarteritis nodosum
21. When does extracellular calcium enter the cardiac muscle cells during contraction?
7 weeks
Diastolic
The plateau period
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
22. What is the difference between adult and infantile type aortic coarctation?
RF
Prinzmetal angina
V fib arrhythima
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
23. dilated tortous veins due to chronically inc venous pressure - poor wound healing - varicose ulcers
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
24. What are aschoff bodies
Granuloma with giant cells
Decreased
C - ANCA
Myxoma
25. How does acidosis affect contractility?
Decreased
Cystic hygroma
Prinzmetal angina
Decrease in cAMP
26. port wine stains on face - intracerebral AVM - siezures - early onset glaucoma - congenital
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
27. What is the most common cause of MI
7 weeks
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
28. What is the characteristic pulse in aortic stenosis?
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Polyarteritis nodosum
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Stable angina
29. What supplies the posterior left ventricle?
Decreases
CFX
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
30. What is sudden cardiac death most commonly due to...
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
P02
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
V fib arrhythima
31. retrosternal chest main with exertion - ST depression on ECG - likely due atherosclerosis
Dilation
Stable angina
Inc blood volume
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
32. What does the atria release in response to inc blood volume and atrial pressure
V fib
Dec plasma proteins
Cardiac tamponde
ANP
33. How does a patient with Tet of fallot learn to improve symptoms?
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Greater ventricular EDV
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
34. Which organ gets the largest share of systemic cardiac output
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Liver
Stable angina
Fluid movement through capillaries
35. The aortic arch receptors transmit along which nerve?
Changes in CO as a function of preload
Vagus to medulla
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Greater ventricular EDV
36. When during cardiac nodal cells depolarize?
Changes in CO as a function of preload
During diastole
In series
Increase contractility
37. Fatal arrhythmia
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
V fib
Decreases
Aortic and pulmonary closing
38. What are common causes of mitral regurg?
Buerger's disease
Stroke volume
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Turners
39. What causes the CO curve to shift downwards?
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Babies
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
40. In an anterior wall infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
LAD - V1 - V4
Systolic dysfunction
Fluid movement through capillaries
41. Which bacteria causes endocarditis in the presence of colon cancer
S. bovis
Mitral and tricuspid closure
If sodium channel
Hematocrit
42. which medications are used to maintain patency or close the ductus arteriosus?
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Decrease in cAMP
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
43. What kind of infarct show ST depression
Prinzmetal angina
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
Subendocardial
44. which heart valves are afected most in rheumatic heart diseease
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Aortic insuffic - late
45. What is the difference between the fetal and neonatal direction of blood flow in a patent ductus arteriosus
CO
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
QRS complex
RV failure - in venous pressure
46. Irregularly irregular ECG - no p waves: dx and treatment
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
The operating point of the heart
SV/ EDV
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
47. Which class of drugs decreases afterload?
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
LCX - V4- V6
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Mitral and tricuspid closure
48. What does prolonged QT predispose to?
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Torsades de pointes
ASD
V fib arrhythima
49. What are the diastolic heart sounds?
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Buerger's disease
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
50. What are the different etiologies of dialted cardiomyopathy
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Kids
LAD > RCA > circumflex
LAD - V1- V2
Sorry!:) No result found.
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