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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Hyperplastic onion skinning
Pulse pressure
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
No
The operating point of the heart
2. pulmonary veins drain into right heart circulation (SVC - coronary sinus)
Vasocxn
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
TAPVR
LAD > RCA > circumflex
3. In a lateral wall infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
Transposition of great vessels
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
LCX - I - aVL
No - no pressure gradient
4. fibrous plaques and atheromas in intima of arteries
HypoK and bradycardia
Atherosclerosis
Black > white > asian
MAP
5. What are common causes of mitral regurg?
PDA
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Hemorrhage
P02
6. Does blood flow across the actual ASD account for abnormal heart sounds? What is the reason?
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
No - no pressure gradient
7 weeks
7. Churg Strauss - presentation and test
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
The first 4 days
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
8. retrosternal chest main with exertion - ST depression on ECG - likely due atherosclerosis
Stroke volume
Stable angina
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Holosystoiic
9. In an anterior wall infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
LAD - V1 - V4
1st degree AV blodck
Decreased
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
10. Which murmur is heard with VSD?
Transfusion
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
11. sudden death in young atheletes - S4 - apical impulses - outflow obstruction
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Pulse pressure
Turners
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
12. In what disease states is blood viscosity increased?
140/90
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Atrial contraction
The operating point of the heart
13. When do you find hemosiderin laden macrophages in the lungs?
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
LAD - V1 - V4
Arteriorles
140/90
14. Endothelial malignancy of the skin assocated with HHV-8 and HIV
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15. What causes the cushing reflex and why
Stroke volume
7 weeks
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
16. moncekberg
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
S. epidermidis
EKG
17. Left to right shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Increased SV
Kids
V fib arrhythima
SA and AV nodes
18. What causes tet of fallot?
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Vasodilators
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
19. What does FROM JANE stand for in bacterial endocarditis?
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20. What is association with fixed S2 splitting - does not increase with inspiration
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
Turners
Decreased
ASD
21. PCWP > LV diastolic pressure
Early deaths from myocarditis
PDA
Transposition of great vessels
Mitral stenosis
22. thrombosis w/o necrosis - ST elevation - worsening chest pain at rest or with minimal exertion
Infective endocarditis
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Unstable/crescendo angina
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
23. congenital heart defect in an infant with a diabetic mother?
Transposition of great vessels
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
RF
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
24. Most common vasculitis affecting medium and large arteries
Temporal arteritis
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
25. The carotid sinus transmits along which nerve?
10%
Turners
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Systolic dysfunction
26. prolonged PR interval
1st degree AV blodck
Atrial contraction
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Decrease in cAMP
27. Right to left shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Babies
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
28. Which two mechanisms sense decrease MAP?
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
No - no pressure gradient
Kidney
Systolic dysfunction
29. The cause of pulmonary edema - paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
30. 2/3 diastolic + 1/3 systolic
MAP
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
RV failure - in venous pressure
31. What does the atria release in response to inc blood volume and atrial pressure
ANP
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
1st degree AV blodck
32. How does acidosis affect contractility?
Decreased
Buerger's disease
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
No - no pressure gradient
33. What causes ankle - sacral edema - jugular venous distention
RV failure - in venous pressure
Atherosclerosis
In HF
Transfusion
34. congenital heart defect with congenital rubella
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
S. bovis
35. What does the LAD supply?
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Decreases
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
36. benign - painful - red - blue tumor under fingernails from smooth muscle cells
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Glomus tumor
Eisenmenger's syndrome
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
37. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by Ach or adenosine?
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
Decreases
Ventricles are depolarized
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
38. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by catecholamines and
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Subendocardial
RF
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
39. Mitral stenosis is most often secondary to which condition?
RF
Temporal arteritis
SA and AV nodes
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
40. How do catecholamines increase contractility?
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Increased SV
Wegener's
41. What does TAPVR stand for
Holosystoiic
CFX
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Mitral stenosis
42. Chronic mitral stenosis can lead to what changes in size of the LA
Myxoma
Dilation
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Adult type aortic coarctation
43. What is the early and late lesion in rheumatic heart disease
Pos inotropy - exercise
Mitral valve prolapse
Systolic dysfunction
Vagus to medulla
44. Fatal arrhythmia
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
V fib
Viridans streptococci
Increase in Pc
45. in the JVP - What is the c wave?
Left atrial pressure
Changes in CO as a function of preload
No - no pressure gradient
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
46. What causes the murmur heard in tricuspid regurg to enhance
In RA return (inspiration)
Volatage gated Ca channels
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
47. What is the formula for EF?
Diastolic
The operating point of the heart
SV/ EDV
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
48. How does digitatlis increase contractility?
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Strawberry hemangioma
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
During diastole
49. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the right?
Left sided
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Transfusion
50. which ethnic groups have higher association with HTN?
CK- MB
Black > white > asian
No - no pressure gradient
10%