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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. disease of elastic arteries and large and medium sized muscular arteries
Libman - sacks endocarditis
No
Prinzmetal angina
Atherosclerosis
2. Unilateral headache - jaw claudication - impaired vision
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
Infective endocarditis
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
3. congenital heart defect with marfan's
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Aortic insuffic - late
Preload
...
4. what percentage of HTN is secondary to renal disease?
At least 55%
QRS complex
10%
Increased SV
5. What cardiac change occurs in pregnancy?
Decrease in cAMP
Transposition of great vessels
Increased SV
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
6. Which artery supplies the SA and AV nodes?
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
10%
V fib
RCA
7. What is the formula for EF?
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
SV/ EDV
Atherosclerosis
Pulse pressure
8. Where is the most posterior portion of the heart and What can it cause?
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
S. epidermidis
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
9. In terms of starling forces - why does nephrotic syndrome or liver failure cause edems
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Fluid movement through capillaries
Dec plasma proteins
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
10. What are tendinous xanthoma - atheromas - and corneal arcus signs of?
ASD
Decreased
Hyperlipidemia
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
11. In an inferior wall infarct - which artery is affected and which leads show Q waves
Dressler's - autoimmune
Greater ventricular EDV
RCA - II - III - aVF
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
12. progressive lengthening of PR until beat is dropped - a p wave not followed by QRS
Preload
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
13. What does FROM JANE stand for in bacterial endocarditis?
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14. Equilibration of diastolic pressures in all 4 chambers - decreased CO from compression of heart by fluid in pericardium
Cardiac tamponde
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Eisenmenger's syndrome
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
15. Where does coronary artery occlusion occur most commonly?
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
LAD
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Temporal arteritis
16. Which organ gets the largest share of systemic cardiac output
Liver
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
17. fibrinous pericarditis several weeks post MI
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18. What is the cushing triad?
Right sided
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Mitral valve
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
19. What causes the midsystolic click
1st degree AV blodck
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Temporal arteritis
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
20. segmental thrombosing vasculitis of small and medium vessels in smokers with intermittent claudication - superficial nodular phlebitis - raynaud's - gangrene and severe pain - autoamputation of digits is possible
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21. In the cardiac cycle - which period has the highest 02 consumption?
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Isovolumetric contraction
Transposition of great vessels
22. Why is contractility decreased in heart failure?
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Systolic dysfunction
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
23. p - anca
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24. What happens in phase 4 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Holosystoiic
Hyperlipidemia
Resting potential high K perm
Subendocardial
25. benign capillary skin papules in AIDS patients mistaken for kaposi sarcoma - caused by bartonella henselae
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
RV failure - in venous pressure
...
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
26. When and why do you hear the S4 sound
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
27. What other syndrom is associated with infantile aortic coarctation
Turners
Atherosclerosis
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Volatage gated Ca channels
28. What causes the early cyanosis in Tet of Fallot?
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
29. In terms of starling forces - why does heart failure cause edema?
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Increase in Pc
At least 55%
30. In what disease states is blood viscosity increased?
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Yes
31. What happends in phase 1 of the ventricular cardiac action potential?
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
32. What murmur is heard with aortic regurg?
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Granuloma with giant cells
33. What does T wave inversion indicated?
Yes
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
MI
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
34. What masks atrial repolarization?
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
QRS complex
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
35. most common primary cardiac tumor in children - associated with tuberous sclerosis
Rhabdomyomas
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Granuloma with giant cells
36. bening capillary hemangioma of elderly - does not regress
Arteriorles
Cherry hemangioma
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
ANP
37. Which enzymes are useful for diagnosing reinfarction
CK- MB
Myxoma
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Boot shaped heart
38. 2/3 diastolic + 1/3 systolic
Transmural
Yes
The first 4 days
MAP
39. Does eccentric hypertrophy or concentric hypertrophy cause systolic disfunction
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Persistant truncus arteriosus
40. what conditions are associated with pulsus paradoxus
RV failure - in venous pressure
Vagus to medulla
ANP
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
41. highly lethal malignancy of the liver - associated with vinyl chloride - arsenic - and thorosrast exposure
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Angiosarcoma
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Viridans streptococci
42. Weak pulses - notching of the ribs on xray - HTN in upper extremeties and weak peripheral pulses
Adult type aortic coarctation
RCA
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
No - no pressure gradient
43. disruption of the vasa vasorum of aorta - dilation of aorta and valve ring - tree bark appearance (calcifications on aortic root)
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
Left heart failure
Vasocxn
Activated histiocytes
44. systolic - diastolic
Pulse pressure
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Mean arterial pressure
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
45. Which murmur is characteristic of mitral/tricuspid regurg?
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
If sodium channel
Holosystoiic
Left heart failure
46. list the coronary vessels most likely to be occluded
Atrial contraction
Torsades de pointes
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
47. What do the starling forces determine
Fluid movement through capillaries
ASD
Increase in Pc
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
48. What does FAN MY SKIN On Wednesday stand for?
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Mitral stenosis
49. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by catecholamines and
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
CO
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
50. pulmonary veins drain into right heart circulation (SVC - coronary sinus)
TAPVR
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Troponin I
Prinzmetal angina