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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. PCWP > LV diastolic pressure
Diastolic
Mitral stenosis
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
RV failure - in venous pressure
2. What other congenital abnormality is necessary for life for a patient with transposition of the great vesses?
Early deaths from myocarditis
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Glomus tumor
Coarcation of aorta
3. What does hypoxia cause in the lung versus other tissues?
CHF
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Decrease in cAMP
4. What is the cushing triad?
Preload
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Yes
5. What are tendinous xanthoma - atheromas - and corneal arcus signs of?
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Hyperlipidemia
Mitral valve prolapse
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
6. What causes the CO curve to shift upwards?
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Pos inotropy - exercise
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
TAPVR
7. sudden death in young atheletes - S4 - apical impulses - outflow obstruction
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
LAD - V1 - V4
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
8. Where is the most posterior portion of the heart and What can it cause?
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
LAD > RCA > circumflex
TAPVR
9. What is the time frame for arrhythmia risk in the evolution of MI
The first 4 days
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
LCX - V4- V6
10. What causes the early cyanosis in Tet of Fallot?
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
CHF
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
11. What 4 things drive myocardial 02 demand?
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Hyperlipidemia
Vasodilators
QRS complex
12. Which class of drugs decrease the murmur heard in aortic regurg?
PDA
Vasodilators
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Torsades de pointes
13. Which organ has the largest arteriovenous difference
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
14. Churg Strauss - presentation and test
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Volatage gated Ca channels
15. When do coronary arteries fill?
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
During diastole
Decrease in cAMP
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
16. What do the starling forces determine
Stroke volume
Fluid movement through capillaries
C - ANCA
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
17. dyspnea - fatigue - edema and rales - multiple causes
CHF
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Atrial contraction
18. progressive lengthening of PR until beat is dropped - a p wave not followed by QRS
LAD > RCA > circumflex
In parallel
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
19. segmental thrombosing vasculitis of small and medium vessels in smokers with intermittent claudication - superficial nodular phlebitis - raynaud's - gangrene and severe pain - autoamputation of digits is possible
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20. What are the systolic heart sounds
Preload
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Temporal arteritis
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
21. Expiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds
Mean arterial pressure
140/90
Dilation
Left sided
22. What does mitral prolapse predeispose to?
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Cystic hygroma
In HF
Infective endocarditis
23. which medications are used to maintain patency or close the ductus arteriosus?
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
V fib arrhythima
Rhabdomyomas
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
24. What is indicated when CO and venous return are equal?
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
The operating point of the heart
Hemorrhage
25. Which organ has ht highest blood flow per gram of tissue
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
HypoK and bradycardia
Activated histiocytes
Kidney
26. Chronic mitral stenosis can lead to what changes in size of the LA
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Atherosclerosis
Fick principle
Dilation
27. What happends in phase 1 of the ventricular cardiac action potential?
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
V fib
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
28. no relation between p waves and QRS intervals - treatment and predisposing factor
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Pulse pressure
ASD
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
29. In an EKG - What is the QT interval?
The first 4 days
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Angiosarcoma
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
30. Which kind of infarct show ST elevation - and/or pathologic Q waves
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Transmural
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Dec plasma proteins
31. Inspiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds?
The operating point of the heart
Rhabdomyomas
Right sided
S. epidermidis
32. How does aldosterone raise MAP
Takayasu's arteritis
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
Inc blood volume
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
33. When does EF decrease
No
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
LCX - V4- V6
In HF
34. rate of 02 consumption/ arterial 02 - venous 02 ccontent=CO
Fick principle
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
Unstable/crescendo angina
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
35. What causes ankle - sacral edema - jugular venous distention
RV failure - in venous pressure
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Atrial contraction
Temporal arteritis
36. In an EKG - What is the T wave?
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Ventricular repolarization
Arteriorles
Black > white > asian
37. Rank the following by speed of conduction - av node - atria - purkinjee - ventricles
Raynaud's
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
38. Which area of the endocardium is especially vulnerable to infarction? Why?
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Strawberry hemangioma
Fick principle
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
39. Which organ gets the largest share of systemic cardiac output
Liver
Myxoma
Unstable/crescendo angina
RF
40. Which murmur is heard with VSD?
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
Liver
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
MI
41. In an EKG - What is the p wave?
V fib
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Atrial contraction
42. polypoid capillary hemangioma that can ulcerate and bleed
RV failure - in venous pressure
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
43. Wegener's presentation
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
Prinzmetal angina
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
Pulse pressure
44. What are anitschkow's cells
Takayasu's arteritis
Activated histiocytes
Viridans streptococci
Unstable/crescendo angina
45. What are the diastolic heart sounds?
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Aortic and pulmonary closing
46. Restrictive cardiomyopathy causes
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Polyarteritis nodosum
TAPVR
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
47. What do patients die early from in rheumatic heart disease?
Liver
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Preload
Early deaths from myocarditis
48. Does blood flow across the actual ASD account for abnormal heart sounds? What is the reason?
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
No - no pressure gradient
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
49. in the JVP - What is the v wave?
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Subendocardial
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
50. How does digitatlis increase contractility?
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Atherosclerosis
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus