Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The cause of cardiac dilation?
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Greater ventricular EDV
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa

2. If HR is too fast (V tach) what happens during diastole?
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Glomus tumor
Stable angina

3. L to R shunt becomes R to L due to increase pulm pressures from original congenital heart defect

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

4. What do the carotid and aortic bodies respond to?
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Takayasu's arteritis
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility

5. In an EKG - What is the p wave?
Atrial contraction
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Greater ventricular EDV
In RA return (inspiration)

6. What is the result of not have fast sodium channels in pacemaker cells?
Stroke volume
MI
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
Polyarteritis nodosum

7. When and why is the S3 sound heard?
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve

8. What causes the CO curve to shift downwards?
Can progess to V fib
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Left heart failure

9. cavernous lymphangioma of the neck - associated with turner's
Cystic hygroma
If sodium channel
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
In series

10. In an acute MI - are there any visible changes via LM in the first 2-4 hours
No
The first 4 days
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)

11. How do catecholamines increase contractility?
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Transmural
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Babies

12. stroke volume x HR =?
Decreased
LCX - I - aVL
CO
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec

13. segmental thrombosing vasculitis of small and medium vessels in smokers with intermittent claudication - superficial nodular phlebitis - raynaud's - gangrene and severe pain - autoamputation of digits is possible

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

14. In terms of starling forces - why does heart failure cause edema?
Black > white > asian
Increase in Pc
S. bovis
Fast volatge gated Na channels

15. systolic - diastolic
TAPVR
Pulse pressure
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Aortic insuffic - late

16. friction rub - 3-5 days post MI
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
LCX - I - aVL
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas

17. What are anitschkow's cells
Aortic insuffic - late
Diastolic
Activated histiocytes
Rhabdomyomas

18. immune mediated transmural vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis - small and medium vessels - renal and viscera - not pulm arteries - hep B seropos in 30% of pts
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Polyarteritis nodosum

19. How does digitatlis increase contractility?
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)

20. What does FROM JANE stand for in bacterial endocarditis?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

21. Expiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds
Left sided
Atrial contraction
Mitral valve
RV failure - in venous pressure

22. dilated tortous veins due to chronically inc venous pressure - poor wound healing - varicose ulcers
Infective endocarditis
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow

23. What happends in phase 1 of the ventricular cardiac action potential?
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Raynaud's
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical

24. Which artery supplies the SA and AV nodes?
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
RCA
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD

25. no change in PR interval followed by dropped beat
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Isovolumetric contraction
Gap junctions

26. Churg Strauss - presentation and test
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Preload
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)

27. What is the early and late lesion in rheumatic heart disease
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
V fib arrhythima
Mitral valve prolapse
S. epidermidis

28. Does blood flow across the actual ASD account for abnormal heart sounds? What is the reason?
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
No - no pressure gradient
Pulse pressure
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure

29. What other syndrom is associated with infantile aortic coarctation
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Turners
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec

30. What is a normal EF
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
At least 55%
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture

31. in the JVP - What is the a wave?
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Atrial contraction
Turners

32. Which murmur is characteristic of mitral/tricuspid regurg?
MI
Dec plasma proteins
Holosystoiic
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion

33. highly lethal malignancy of the liver - associated with vinyl chloride - arsenic - and thorosrast exposure
Mitral stenosis
Angiosarcoma
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Diastolic

34. Which channel accounts for automaticity of the SA and AV nodes?
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
If sodium channel

35. bacterial endocarditis - previously normal valves - rapid onset - Which bacteria?
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Cystic hygroma
S. aureus

36. Where does coronary artery occlusion occur most commonly?
CK- MB
LAD
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Libman - sacks endocarditis

37. decrease stretch in baroreceptors leads to what response?
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Kids
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity

38. Which murmur is heard with mitral prolapse?
ASD
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
In RA return (inspiration)

39. decrease blood flow to the skin due to arteriolar vasospasm in cold temp - emotional stress - also in SLE and CREST

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

40. PCWP > LV diastolic pressure
Yes
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Mitral stenosis
Filling is incomplete and CO falls

41. Which bacteria can cause endocarditis from prosthetic valves?
Truncus - tet of fallot
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
S. epidermidis
SV/ EDV

42. In an anterior wall infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
LAD - V1 - V4
Atrial contraction
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD

43. benign cap hemangioma of infancy - spont regresses
Decreases
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Strawberry hemangioma

44. What are the different etiologies of dialted cardiomyopathy
In RA return (inspiration)
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness

45. in the JVP - What is the c wave?
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
RCA - II - III - aVF

46. Wegener's tx
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Glomus tumor
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open

47. EDV is also known as
Preload
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea

48. What is the definition of HTN?
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Can progess to V fib
140/90
Infective endocarditis

49. What do patients die early from in rheumatic heart disease?
Early deaths from myocarditis
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Stable angina
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose

50. clinical signs of cardiac tamponade
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus