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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What happens in phase 3 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Left atrial pressure
Dec plasma proteins
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
2. Chronic mitral stenosis can lead to what changes in size of the LA
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
S. epidermidis
Dilation
Cardiac tamponde
3. In normal S2 splitting - which valve closes first? What increases it?
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Increase contractility
Stroke volume
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
4. What kind of infarct show ST depression
Subendocardial
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
5. congenital heart defect with marfan's
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
If sodium channel
Aortic insuffic - late
6. Which kind of infarct show ST elevation - and/or pathologic Q waves
Transmural
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Can progess to V fib
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
7. which medications are used to maintain patency or close the ductus arteriosus?
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Decrease in cAMP
8. When during cardiac nodal cells depolarize?
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
1st degree AV blodck
During diastole
Strawberry hemangioma
9. rate of 02 consumption/ arterial 02 - venous 02 ccontent=CO
EKG
Cystic hygroma
Fick principle
Persistant truncus arteriosus
10. The cause of pulmonary edema - paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
V fib
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
11. What does hypoxia cause in the lung versus other tissues?
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
S. epidermidis
Ventricles are depolarized
12. absecnce of tricuspid valve - hypoplastic RV
Greater ventricular EDV
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Fast volatge gated Na channels
Ventricles are depolarized
13. Which enzymes are useful for diagnosing reinfarction
CK- MB
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
140/90
14. What is the association with wide S2 splitting?
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Cherry hemangioma
Atrial contraction
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
15. Where are pacemaker cells?
Decreased
SA and AV nodes
The first 4 days
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
16. fibrous plaques and atheromas in intima of arteries
Babies
Atherosclerosis
140/90
Polyarteritis nodosum
17. In terms of starling forces - why does heart failure cause edema?
ANP
Increase in Pc
ASD
Can progess to V fib
18. diaphoresis - N/V - severe retrosternal pain - pain in left arm/jaw - SOB - fatigue - adrenergic symptoms
V fib arrhythima
Left heart failure
MI
Troponin I
19. What is the classic X ray finding for tet of fallot?
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Boot shaped heart
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
20. bening capillary hemangioma of elderly - does not regress
Cherry hemangioma
Polyarteritis nodosum
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Increase in Pc
21. Exercise - overtransfusiion and excitiment causes and increase in...?
Preload
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
In parallel
22. progressive lengthening of PR until beat is dropped - a p wave not followed by QRS
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
23. What is the most common cause of MI
RF
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
In series
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
24. When do you find hemosiderin laden macrophages in the lungs?
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
...
Systolic dysfunction
Arteriorles
25. Most common vasculitis affecting medium and large arteries
PDA
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Temporal arteritis
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
26. In a lateral wall infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
No - no pressure gradient
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Takayasu's arteritis
LCX - I - aVL
27. What is the danger of torsades to pointes?
Can progess to V fib
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
LAD
SA and AV nodes
28. What causes aortic regurg
Kaposi's sarcoma
Unstable/crescendo angina
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Troponin I
29. sawtooth wave
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30. EDV is also known as
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Preload
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Boot shaped heart
31. Which lab value indicates blood viscosity?
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Hematocrit
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
32. What causes ankle - sacral edema - jugular venous distention
Babies
RV failure - in venous pressure
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
33. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the left?
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Black > white > asian
Hemorrhage
34. thrombosis w/o necrosis - ST elevation - worsening chest pain at rest or with minimal exertion
Changes in CO as a function of preload
Unstable/crescendo angina
RCA - II - III - aVF
Eisenmenger's syndrome
35. What are the different etiologies of dialted cardiomyopathy
CK- MB
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Yes
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
36. friction rub - 3-5 days post MI
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Volatage gated Ca channels
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
37. what conditions are associated with pulsus paradoxus
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Cherry hemangioma
38. necrotizing granulomas in lung and upper airways - nectrotizing GN - small vessel vasculitis
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39. What other sign is often present with congenital long QT syndrome - why?
Hemorrhage
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Lymphangiosarcoma
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
40. bacterial endocarditis - previously normal valves - rapid onset - Which bacteria?
S. aureus
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Holosystoiic
P02
41. What stimulates release of calcium from the SR?
Mitral valve prolapse
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
Kaposi's sarcoma
42. Which two mechanisms sense decrease MAP?
Viridans streptococci
Gap junctions
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Transfusion
43. Which artery supplies the inferior portion of the left ventricle and posterior septum?
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
During diastole
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
44. What is association with fixed S2 splitting - does not increase with inspiration
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
ASD
During diastole
45. What does autoregulation do?
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
CHF
Liver
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
46. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the right?
Left sided
1st degree AV blodck
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Transfusion
47. in the JVP - What is the c wave?
Strawberry hemangioma
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
CHF
48. What happends in phase 1 of the ventricular cardiac action potential?
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
49. What is the S1 sound?
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
50. What does FAN MY SKIN On Wednesday stand for?
Kawasaki
Atherosclerosis
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities