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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. most common primary cardiac tumor in children - associated with tuberous sclerosis
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
MI
Rhabdomyomas
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
2. When does EF decrease
LCX - I - aVL
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
In HF
MI
3. exaggerated decrease in pulse during inspiration.
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4. necrotizing granulomas in lung and upper airways - nectrotizing GN - small vessel vasculitis
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5. benign capillary skin papules in AIDS patients mistaken for kaposi sarcoma - caused by bartonella henselae
Can progess to V fib
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
...
Wegener's
6. What happens in phase 2 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
LAD - V1 - V4
Wegener's
7. What cardiac change occurs in pregnancy?
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Increased SV
LCX - V4- V6
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
8. Most common vasculitis affecting medium and large arteries
LAD
Increased SV
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Temporal arteritis
9. Which murmur is heard with VSD?
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
In RA return (inspiration)
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
10. sudden death in young atheletes - S4 - apical impulses - outflow obstruction
S. epidermidis
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
11. retrosternal chest main with exertion - ST depression on ECG - likely due atherosclerosis
In parallel
RF
Ventricular repolarization
Stable angina
12. How does digitatlis increase contractility?
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Mitral valve prolapse
Left heart failure
13. which ethnic groups have higher association with HTN?
Black > white > asian
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
14. What are the complications from bacterial endocarditis?
Pulse pressure
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Hyperlipidemia
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
15. PROVe
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Turners
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
16. Where does coronary artery occlusion occur most commonly?
LAD
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
No
Strawberry hemangioma
17. rate of 02 consumption/ arterial 02 - venous 02 ccontent=CO
Early deaths from myocarditis
Fick principle
Aortic and pulmonary closing
No - no pressure gradient
18. benign - painful - red - blue tumor under fingernails from smooth muscle cells
Strawberry hemangioma
Vagus to medulla
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Glomus tumor
19. stroke volume x HR =?
CO
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Increase contractility
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
20. dyspnea - fatigue - edema and rales - multiple causes
Infective endocarditis
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
CHF
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
21. What do the carotid and aortic bodies respond to?
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Truncus - tet of fallot
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
22. CO x Total peripheral resistance
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Mean arterial pressure
ANP
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
23. What supplies the posterior left ventricle?
Torsades de pointes
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
CFX
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
24. cavernous lymphangioma of the neck - associated with turner's
Kidney
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
Preload
Cystic hygroma
25. most common heart tumor
Increase in Pc
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Torsades de pointes
26. What does mitral prolapse predeispose to?
Infective endocarditis
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Kaposi's sarcoma
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
27. Which class of drugs decrease preload
In series
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Left heart failure
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
28. In terms of starling forces - why does nephrotic syndrome or liver failure cause edems
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Dec plasma proteins
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
29. Expiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds
Kidney
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Cardiac tamponde
Left sided
30. What is the early and late lesion in rheumatic heart disease
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
TAPVR
Mitral valve prolapse
At least 55%
31. Where is the most posterior portion of the heart and What can it cause?
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Preload
32. What causes aortic stenosis
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
Fick principle
33. Which class of drugs decrease the murmur heard in aortic regurg?
Non
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
Vasodilators
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
34. Irregularly irregular ECG - no p waves: dx and treatment
In series
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Transposition of great vessels
35. The aortic arch receptors transmit along which nerve?
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Vagus to medulla
Right sided
Resting potential high K perm
36. Which valve is commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis from IV drug use and Which bacteria are most common?
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37. Why is contractility decreased in heart failure?
Systolic dysfunction
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
38. which medications are used to maintain patency or close the ductus arteriosus?
Holosystoiic
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
S. aureus
Diastolic
39. In an inferior wall infarct - which artery is affected and which leads show Q waves
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
RCA - II - III - aVF
40. Which two mechanisms sense decrease MAP?
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
Preload
41. In an anterolateral infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Torsades de pointes
During diastole
LCX - V4- V6
42. what happens to capillaries in lymphatic blockage
V fib
Takayasu's arteritis
ANP
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
43. What is the cushing triad?
Kids
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Greater ventricular EDV
44. with what heart sounds do ASD usually present?
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
S. aureus
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Transmural
45. What causes ankle - sacral edema - jugular venous distention
RV failure - in venous pressure
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Prinzmetal angina
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
46. What does increasing intracellular Ca do?
Increase contractility
RCA - II - III - aVF
Dilation
Ventricles are depolarized
47. what conditions are associated with pulsus paradoxus
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
48. Which bacteria can cause endocarditis from prosthetic valves?
Boot shaped heart
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
S. epidermidis
RCA
49. Which murmur is heard in aortic stenosis?
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Increase contractility
Turners
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
50. What happens in phase 3 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Pulse pressure
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels