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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What can cause mitral prolapse?
ASD
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
S. epidermidis
2. Which area of the endocardium is especially vulnerable to infarction? Why?
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
Vasodilators
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
S. epidermidis
3. 2/3 diastolic + 1/3 systolic
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
MAP
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
ANP
4. What are anitschkow's cells
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
Activated histiocytes
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
ASD
5. most common heart tumor
Mitral stenosis
ANP
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Systolic dysfunction
6. What causes the CO curve to shift upwards?
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Turners
Pos inotropy - exercise
The plateau period
7. What are the complications from bacterial endocarditis?
Vasocxn
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Volatage gated Ca channels
Gap junctions
8. How does acidosis affect contractility?
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
...
Decreased
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
9. What is the cushing triad?
Fick principle
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
10. progressive lengthening of PR until beat is dropped - a p wave not followed by QRS
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
During diastole
...
11. What causes the midsystolic click
Eisenmenger's syndrome
Early deaths from myocarditis
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
12. PROVe
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Mitral valve
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
13. What causes the murmur heard in MR to enhance?
Atrial contraction
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
No
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
14. Given P = QR - what factors influence resistance?
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Preload
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
15. dyspnea - fatigue - edema and rales - multiple causes
LCX - I - aVL
CHF
Vasocxn
Myxoma
16. congenital heart defect with congenital rubella
The first 4 days
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Activated histiocytes
17. In an EKG - What is the p wave?
Atrial contraction
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Aortic insuffic - late
7 weeks
18. In an acute MI - are there any visible changes via LM in the first 2-4 hours
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
No
Dressler's - autoimmune
19. Right to left shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Coarcation of aorta
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Babies
20. What does FAN MY SKIN On Wednesday stand for?
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
21. S3 - dilated heart on US - balloon appearance on CXR - eccentric hypertrophy
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Diastolic
Truncus - tet of fallot
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
22. When during cardiac nodal cells depolarize?
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
During diastole
Arteriorles
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
23. which ethnic groups have higher association with HTN?
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Black > white > asian
24. What happens in phase 3 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
25. Does blood flow across the actual ASD account for abnormal heart sounds? What is the reason?
No - no pressure gradient
Liver
Left heart failure
MAP
26. port wine stains on face - intracerebral AVM - siezures - early onset glaucoma - congenital
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
SV/ EDV
27. benign - painful - red - blue tumor under fingernails from smooth muscle cells
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Glomus tumor
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
28. Which valve is most commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis?
Coarcation of aorta
Mitral valve
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
29. What causes the cushing reflex and why
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
Left sided
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
30. What kind of infarct show ST depression
Transposition of great vessels
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Subendocardial
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
31. What is the association with wide S2 splitting?
Polyarteritis nodosum
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
LAD - V1 - V4
32. If HR is too fast (V tach) what happens during diastole?
Preload
Atrial contraction
Transmural
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
33. In an EKG - What is the QT interval?
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
LAD
Stroke volume
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
34. In an EKG - What is the PR interval?
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
...
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
35. moncekberg
During diastole
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
36. immune mediated transmural vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis - small and medium vessels - renal and viscera - not pulm arteries - hep B seropos in 30% of pts
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Mitral stenosis
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Polyarteritis nodosum
37. In an EKG - What is the T wave?
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Boot shaped heart
Ventricular repolarization
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
38. Wegener's presentation
Mitral valve prolapse
Wegener's
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
39. What does an isoelectric ST segment indicate?
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
Ventricles are depolarized
Subendocardial
Aortic and pulmonary closing
40. What is the early and late lesion in rheumatic heart disease
Granuloma with giant cells
Mitral valve prolapse
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
41. When and why do you hear the S4 sound
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Activated histiocytes
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
42. What is the S2 sound?
...
Granuloma with giant cells
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
43. What causes ankle - sacral edema - jugular venous distention
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Vasodilators
Mitral valve prolapse
RV failure - in venous pressure
44. p - anca
45. Mitral stenosis is most often secondary to which condition?
RF
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Mitral valve prolapse
Inc Kf - capillary perm
46. Which artery supplies the SA and AV nodes?
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
RCA
Atrial contraction
47. MAP is also known as
Mean arterial pressure
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Atrial contraction
48. necrotizing granulomas in lung and upper airways - nectrotizing GN - small vessel vasculitis
49. list the coronary vessels most likely to be occluded
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Liver
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
LAD > RCA > circumflex
50. In an inferior wall infarct - which artery is affected and which leads show Q waves
Vagus to medulla
Decrease in cAMP
Aortic insuffic - late
RCA - II - III - aVF