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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
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Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What does the atria release in response to inc blood volume and atrial pressure
ANP
RV failure - in venous pressure
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
2. The aortic arch receptors transmit along which nerve?
Mitral valve prolapse
Transfusion
Vagus to medulla
Preload
3. Do you see elevaged ASO titers in rheumatic heart disease
Vasodilators
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Yes
P02
4. congenital heart defect with marfan's
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Aortic insuffic - late
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
5. What are the diastolic heart sounds?
During diastole
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
6. progressive lengthening of PR until beat is dropped - a p wave not followed by QRS
Transposition of great vessels
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Left sided
ASD
7. Which artery supplies the SA and AV nodes?
Ischemic heart dz - mitral valve prolapse - LV dilation
MI
Coarcation of aorta
RCA
8. CO x Total peripheral resistance
Mean arterial pressure
Greater ventricular EDV
Raynaud's
Buerger's disease
9. most common primary cardiac tumor in adults - ball - valve obstruction in left atrium
Myxoma
Can progess to V fib
Inc blood volume
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
10. What does TAPVR stand for
Subendocardial
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
11. Which valve is most commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis?
Mitral valve
Liver
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
12. When is the scar completely formed in an MI?
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
7 weeks
13. serum marker for wegener's
Libman - sacks endocarditis
C - ANCA
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Fick principle
14. Rank the following by speed of conduction - av node - atria - purkinjee - ventricles
S. epidermidis
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
1st degree AV blodck
Prinzmetal angina
15. What is the most common cause of MI
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
16. thrombosis w/o necrosis - ST elevation - worsening chest pain at rest or with minimal exertion
Truncus - tet of fallot
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Decreases
Unstable/crescendo angina
17. In an inferior wall infarct - which artery is affected and which leads show Q waves
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
RCA - II - III - aVF
In HF
18. What does mitral prolapse predeispose to?
7 weeks
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Fluid movement through capillaries
Infective endocarditis
19. What kind of infarct show ST depression
Subendocardial
EKG
Transposition of great vessels
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
20. port wine stains on face - intracerebral AVM - siezures - early onset glaucoma - congenital
Transmural
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
21. which ethnic groups have higher association with HTN?
Maintain blood flow to organ over wide range of perfussion pressures
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Wegener's
Black > white > asian
22. Which bacteria causes endocarditis in the presence of colon cancer
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Mitral and tricuspid closure
MAP
S. bovis
23. systolic - diastolic
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
Pulse pressure
Increase contractility
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
24. In an anteroseptal infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Can progess to V fib
LAD - V1- V2
1st degree AV blodck
25. What does FROM JANE stand for in bacterial endocarditis?
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26. What is the formula for EF?
In parallel
Increase contractility
Cystic hygroma
SV/ EDV
27. What is the S2 sound?
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Transmural
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
28. What is sudden cardiac death most commonly due to...
Left heart failure
V fib arrhythima
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
29. rate of 02 consumption/ arterial 02 - venous 02 ccontent=CO
10%
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Dressler's - autoimmune
Fick principle
30. When does extracellular calcium enter the cardiac muscle cells during contraction?
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
10%
The plateau period
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
31. In an acute MI - are there any visible changes via LM in the first 2-4 hours
Buerger's disease
Resting potential high K perm
No
P02
32. decrease stretch in baroreceptors leads to what response?
S. aureus
Decreases
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
33. How are sarcomeres added in concentric hypertrophy?
In parallel
CK- MB
Ventricular repolarization
Aortic and pulmonary closing
34. diaphoresis - N/V - severe retrosternal pain - pain in left arm/jaw - SOB - fatigue - adrenergic symptoms
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
MI
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
35. Wegener's tx
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Preload
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Right sided
36. Which vessels account for the most total peripheral resistance
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Arteriorles
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
37. What is the most common cause of right heart failure
During diastole
Hematocrit
No
Left heart failure
38. What other sign is often present with congenital long QT syndrome - why?
S. epidermidis
Kidney
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
39. absecnce of tricuspid valve - hypoplastic RV
QRS complex
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
40. Inspiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds?
Right sided
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Takayasu's arteritis
Left atrial pressure
41. How does a patient with Tet of fallot learn to improve symptoms?
Dressler's - autoimmune
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
Wegener's
MAP
42. What is the difference between the fetal and neonatal direction of blood flow in a patent ductus arteriosus
Right sided
Coarcation of aorta
P02
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
43. pulseless disease - granulomatous thickening of the aortic arch and/or proximal great vessels - elev ESR - asian females > 40
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44. Which artery supplies the inferior portion of the left ventricle and posterior septum?
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
45. exaggerated decrease in pulse during inspiration.
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46. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by Ach or adenosine?
Greater ventricular EDV
MAP
RF
Decreases
47. What are the different etiologies of dialted cardiomyopathy
P02
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
48. Unilateral headache - jaw claudication - impaired vision
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Can progess to V fib
Diastolic
49. fibrous plaques and atheromas in intima of arteries
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Atherosclerosis
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
50. What do the starling forces determine
Fluid movement through capillaries
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
In parallel
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