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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Mitral stenosis is most often secondary to which condition?
Babies
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
RF
Glomus tumor
2. Chronic mitral stenosis can lead to what changes in size of the LA
Dilation
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
3. stroke volume x HR =?
CHF
CO
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
4. What are the systolic heart sounds
Pulse pressure
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Pos inotropy - exercise
5. What 4 things drive myocardial 02 demand?
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
6. The cause of dyspnea on exertion?
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
QRS complex
Kawasaki
7. What does HTN predispose to?
LAD - V1 - V4
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
8. How does digitatlis increase contractility?
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Can progess to V fib
Transposition of great vessels
Yes
9. Fatal arrhythmia
Mitral valve
Pulse pressure
1st degree AV blodck
V fib
10. If HR is too fast (V tach) what happens during diastole?
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
Strawberry hemangioma
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
11. Endothelial malignancy of the skin assocated with HHV-8 and HIV
12. what happens to capillaries in lymphatic blockage
Kids
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
7 weeks
13. What masks atrial repolarization?
Boot shaped heart
CO
QRS complex
Increased SV
14. How does aldosterone raise MAP
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
In parallel
Inc blood volume
Pulse pressure
15. machine murmer
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
PDA
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Atherosclerosis
16. How are the sarcomeres added in eccentric hypertrophy?
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
In series
Fluid movement through capillaries
17. What is the S2 sound?
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
Truncus - tet of fallot
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
18. What are aschoff bodies
Atherosclerosis
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Fast volatge gated Na channels
Granuloma with giant cells
19. What is the characteristic pulse in aortic stenosis?
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Infective endocarditis
Atherosclerosis
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
20. When do you see extensive coagulative necrosis in an MI
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
21. Central chemoreceptors do not respond directly to which parameter?
10%
7 weeks
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
P02
22. benign cap hemangioma of infancy - spont regresses
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Rhabdomyomas
Cherry hemangioma
Strawberry hemangioma
23. EDV is also known as
Increase in Pc
Hematocrit
Preload
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
24. cavernous lymphangioma of the neck - associated with turner's
Turners
10%
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Cystic hygroma
25. smaller vegetations - congenitally abnormal or diseased valves - sequela of dental procedures. Insidious onset
Stable angina
Viridans streptococci
Atrial contraction
Coarcation of aorta
26. Expiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds
Transposition of great vessels
The operating point of the heart
Left sided
CK- MB
27. Where does coronary artery occlusion occur most commonly?
LAD
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
S. aureus
Mean arterial pressure
28. The carotid sinus transmits along which nerve?
ANP
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Dressler's - autoimmune
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
29. What is the formula for EF?
SV/ EDV
Black > white > asian
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
30. disruption of the vasa vasorum of aorta - dilation of aorta and valve ring - tree bark appearance (calcifications on aortic root)
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
31. The cause of pulmonary edema - paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?
Mitral stenosis
Decrease in cAMP
Lymphangiosarcoma
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
32. fibrinous pericarditis several weeks post MI
33. What are tendinous xanthoma - atheromas - and corneal arcus signs of?
Dressler's - autoimmune
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Aortic insuffic - late
Hyperlipidemia
34. Which murmur is characteristic of mitral/tricuspid regurg?
Holosystoiic
No
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Dressler's - autoimmune
35. retrosternal chest main with exertion - ST depression on ECG - likely due atherosclerosis
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Stable angina
C - ANCA
Babies
36. What happens in phase 2 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
37. Which enzymes are useful for diagnosing reinfarction
MI
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
MI
CK- MB
38. congenital heart defect in an infant with a diabetic mother?
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Transposition of great vessels
Increased SV
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
39. What is indicated when CO and venous return are equal?
The operating point of the heart
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Strawberry hemangioma
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
40. sudden death in young atheletes - S4 - apical impulses - outflow obstruction
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Vasodilators
Non
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
41. When is the scar completely formed in an MI?
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
7 weeks
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Stroke volume
42. How does angiotensin II raise MAP
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Vasocxn
43. What supplies the posterior left ventricle?
Strawberry hemangioma
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
CFX
44. Which bacteria causes endocarditis in the presence of colon cancer
S. bovis
Arteriorles
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Fast volatge gated Na channels
45. in the JVP - What is the v wave?
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
46. What do the carotid and aortic bodies respond to?
ASD
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
47. What do the starling forces determine
Fluid movement through capillaries
Stable angina
Vagus to medulla
SA and AV nodes
48. What murmur is heard with aortic regurg?
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Decreased
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
49. What does TAPVR stand for
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
50. 2/3 diastolic + 1/3 systolic
EKG
Lymphangiosarcoma
MAP
Decreases
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