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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Why is contractility decreased in heart failure?
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Systolic dysfunction
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
2. lymphatic malignancy associated with persistant lymphadema - post radical mastectomy
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Lymphangiosarcoma
The operating point of the heart
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
3. What does hypoxia cause in the lung versus other tissues?
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
CO
Can progess to V fib
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
4. Do you see elevaged ASO titers in rheumatic heart disease
CO
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Yes
5. What masks atrial repolarization?
Cardiac tamponde
QRS complex
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Left heart failure
6. congenital heart defect in an infant with a diabetic mother?
Transposition of great vessels
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Mean arterial pressure
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
7. What causes aortic stenosis
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Adult type aortic coarctation
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Infective endocarditis
8. stroke volume x HR =?
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Coarcation of aorta
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
CO
9. What is sudden cardiac death most commonly due to...
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Systolic dysfunction
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
V fib arrhythima
10. What is the most common cause of right heart failure
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Left heart failure
C - ANCA
Aortic insuffic - late
11. In an anterolateral infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
LCX - V4- V6
Atherosclerosis
V fib arrhythima
Unstable/crescendo angina
12. In an anteroseptal infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
The operating point of the heart
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
LAD - V1- V2
Babies
13. What is the progression of atherosclerosis?
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Takayasu's arteritis
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
Ventricular repolarization
14. What does FROM JANE stand for in bacterial endocarditis?
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15. What causes ankle - sacral edema - jugular venous distention
Buerger's disease
RV failure - in venous pressure
Left sided
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
16. most common primary cardiac tumor in adults - ball - valve obstruction in left atrium
Aortic insuffic - late
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Decreases
Myxoma
17. In terms of starling forces - why does heart failure cause edema?
Increase in Pc
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Decrease in cAMP
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
18. In an anterior wall infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
LAD - V1 - V4
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Can progess to V fib
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
19. which medications are used to maintain patency or close the ductus arteriosus?
LAD - V1- V2
Polyarteritis nodosum
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Angiosarcoma
20. The 7 complications of MI
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21. 2/3 diastolic + 1/3 systolic
The operating point of the heart
MAP
Ventricular repolarization
CFX
22. necrotizing granulomas in lung and upper airways - nectrotizing GN - small vessel vasculitis
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23. What causes hepatomegaly?
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Atherosclerosis
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Buerger's disease
24. What does the atria release in response to inc blood volume and atrial pressure
Preload
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
ANP
Hematocrit
25. What happends in phase 1 of the ventricular cardiac action potential?
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Hemorrhage
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
CO
26. EDV is also known as
In HF
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Preload
27. In a lateral wall infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
Increased SV
Cardiac tamponde
LCX - I - aVL
Viridans streptococci
28. In an EKG - What is the QRS complex?
Truncus - tet of fallot
...
RF
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
29. What causes the murmur heard in MR to enhance?
QRS complex
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Viridans streptococci
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
30. failure of truncus arteriosus to divide?
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
Volatage gated Ca channels
Atrial contraction
31. Which lab value indicates blood viscosity?
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Hematocrit
Kids
In parallel
32. most common primary cardiac tumor in children - associated with tuberous sclerosis
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Rhabdomyomas
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Increase contractility
33. port wine stains on face - intracerebral AVM - siezures - early onset glaucoma - congenital
RCA
Mean arterial pressure
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
34. Which valve is most commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis?
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
RCA
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Mitral valve
35. Which two mechanisms sense decrease MAP?
Rhabdomyomas
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Holosystoiic
36. retrosternal chest main with exertion - ST depression on ECG - likely due atherosclerosis
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Viridans streptococci
Stable angina
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
37. In terms of starling forces - why does nephrotic syndrome or liver failure cause edems
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Dec plasma proteins
Dressler's - autoimmune
38. acute - self limiting necrotizing vasculitis in children associated with fever - conjunctivitis - strawberry tongue - desquamatous skin rash - lymphadenitis - coronary sinus aneurysms. Seen in asians
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Aortic insuffic - late
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Kawasaki
39. What do the carotid and aortic bodies respond to?
Aortic insuffic - late
Volatage gated Ca channels
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
40. exaggerated decrease in pulse during inspiration.
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41. Which class of drugs decrease preload
Activated histiocytes
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
42. Expiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Transposition of great vessels
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Left sided
43. absecnce of tricuspid valve - hypoplastic RV
LAD > RCA > circumflex
During diastole
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Angiosarcoma
44. highly lethal malignancy of the liver - associated with vinyl chloride - arsenic - and thorosrast exposure
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Diastolic
Angiosarcoma
MI
45. What do patients die early from in rheumatic heart disease?
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
C - ANCA
Early deaths from myocarditis
46. congenital heart defect with marfan's
Left heart failure
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Aortic insuffic - late
47. What stimulates release of calcium from the SR?
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Pos inotropy - exercise
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
48. What happens in phase 2 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Coarcation of aorta
Decrease in cAMP
Mitral valve prolapse
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
49. What is the association with wide S2 splitting?
Atherosclerosis
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
V fib arrhythima
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
50. What causes the ejection click in the Cres - decres murmur?
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
During diastole
MAP