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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. SV CAP means?
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Turners
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
LAD - V1- V2
2. stroke volume x HR =?
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Stable angina
CO
Vasocxn
3. which heart valves are afected most in rheumatic heart diseease
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Takayasu's arteritis
4. What is the time frame for arrhythmia risk in the evolution of MI
Mean arterial pressure
LAD - V1 - V4
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
The first 4 days
5. What is the difference between adult and infantile type aortic coarctation?
ANP
C - ANCA
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Systolic dysfunction
6. clinical signs of cardiac tamponade
Liver
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
7. Weak pulses - notching of the ribs on xray - HTN in upper extremeties and weak peripheral pulses
Adult type aortic coarctation
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Stable angina
Angiosarcoma
8. In an EKG - What is the p wave?
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Aortic and pulmonary closing
S. bovis
Atrial contraction
9. What are anitschkow's cells
Activated histiocytes
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Transfusion
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
10. In a lateral wall infarct - which artery is effected - and which leads show Q waves?
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Microscopic polyangiitis - like wegener's without granulomas
LCX - I - aVL
11. in the JVP - What is the v wave?
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
The first 4 days
Polyarteritis nodosum
LCX - I - aVL
12. What kind of infarct show ST depression
Subendocardial
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
13. How are the sarcomeres added in eccentric hypertrophy?
Infective endocarditis
Can progess to V fib
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
In series
14. What masks atrial repolarization?
Pos inotropy - exercise
QRS complex
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
Neg inotropy - HF - narcotic overdose
15. Restrictive cardiomyopathy causes
Non
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Temporal arteritis
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
16. friction rub - 3-5 days post MI
Boot shaped heart
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
17. When does extracellular calcium enter the cardiac muscle cells during contraction?
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
If sodium channel
The plateau period
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
18. Which organ gets the largest share of systemic cardiac output
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
In RA return (inspiration)
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Liver
19. congenital heart defect withdown syndrome
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Wegener's
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
20. What does the atria release in response to inc blood volume and atrial pressure
Activated histiocytes
Dilated cardiomyopathy
ANP
Unstable/crescendo angina
21. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the right?
Transfusion
Raynaud's
Aortic insuffic - late
SA and AV nodes
22. failure of truncus arteriosus to divide?
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
ANP
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
23. Does blood flow across the actual ASD account for abnormal heart sounds? What is the reason?
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
No - no pressure gradient
24. When and why do you hear the S4 sound
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Subendocardial
25. Which two mechanisms sense decrease MAP?
Takayasu's arteritis
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
CHF
Liver
26. What causes aortic regurg
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
Activated histiocytes
Isovolumetric contraction
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
27. Rank the pacemakers cells
Fast volatge gated Na channels
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Mitral valve prolapse
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
28. port wine stains on face - intracerebral AVM - siezures - early onset glaucoma - congenital
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
S. epidermidis
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
Increased SV
29. congenital heart defect in an infant with a diabetic mother?
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Transposition of great vessels
30. What is the machine like murmur? What is the heart pathology and the predisposing causes
Pos inotropy - exercise
The plateau period
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
RCA
31. What does the LAD supply?
Yes
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
No
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
32. What cardiac change occurs in pregnancy?
Increased SV
Decreased
Rhabdomyomas
Babies
33. dyspnea - fatigue - edema and rales - multiple causes
Dec plasma proteins
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
...
CHF
34. What can cause mitral prolapse?
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
35. Chronic mitral stenosis can lead to what changes in size of the LA
Dilation
In parallel
LCX - I - aVL
Unstable/crescendo angina
36. What does FAN MY SKIN On Wednesday stand for?
In RA return (inspiration)
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
P02
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
37. EDV is also known as
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
Preload
Glomus tumor
7 weeks
38. pulmonary veins drain into right heart circulation (SVC - coronary sinus)
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Right sided
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
TAPVR
39. What are the four most common locations for atherosclerosis?
Stable angina
Kawasaki
Liver
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
40. Which class of drugs decreases afterload?
Non
Babies
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Black > white > asian
41. cavernous lymphangioma of the neck - associated with turner's
Cystic hygroma
Atrial fiutter - identical back to back atrial depol's - convert to sinus - cal IA - IC or III antiarrhythmics
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Aburpt halting of valve leaflets
42. What causes the cushing reflex and why
C - ANCA
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
43. highly lethal malignancy of the liver - associated with vinyl chloride - arsenic - and thorosrast exposure
Systolic dysfunction
Mitral and tricuspid closure
During diastole
Angiosarcoma
44. benign - painful - red - blue tumor under fingernails from smooth muscle cells
TAPVR
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Glomus tumor
45. in the JVP - What is the a wave?
Atrial contraction
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
ANP
Prinzmetal angina
46. What does HTN predispose to?
Granuloma with giant cells
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Fick principle
The first 4 days
47. What constitues the upstroke in pacemaker cells?
RCA
Vasodilators
Volatage gated Ca channels
Black > white > asian
48. The aortic arch receptors transmit along which nerve?
Vagus to medulla
Volatage gated Ca channels
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Granuloma with giant cells
49. smaller vegetations - congenitally abnormal or diseased valves - sequela of dental procedures. Insidious onset
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
CFX
Viridans streptococci
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
50. Which kind of infarct show ST elevation - and/or pathologic Q waves
Transmural
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
At least 55%
If sodium channel