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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When is the scar completely formed in an MI?
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
7 weeks
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
RCA - II - III - aVF
2. What causes the midsystolic click
Polyarteritis nodosum
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
Systolic dysfunction
3. What causes the CO curve to shift upwards?
1st degree AV blodck
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Pos inotropy - exercise
Transposition of great vessels
4. tearing chest pain radiation to the back - associated with marfan
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Mean arterial pressure
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
5. The 7 complications of MI
6. What masks atrial repolarization?
MAP
S. aureus
...
QRS complex
7. In an EKG - What is the p wave?
Granuloma with giant cells
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
If sodium channel
Atrial contraction
8. decrease stretch in baroreceptors leads to what response?
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Early deaths from myocarditis
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
9. Chronic mitral stenosis can lead to what changes in size of the LA
MI
Dilation
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Granuloma with giant cells
10. which ethnic groups have higher association with HTN?
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
Black > white > asian
Hemorrhage
11. What causes aortic stenosis
Dressler's - autoimmune
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Holosystoiic
12. benign cap hemangioma of infancy - spont regresses
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Strawberry hemangioma
13. port wine stains on face - intracerebral AVM - siezures - early onset glaucoma - congenital
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
LAD
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
14. What happens in phase 3 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
TAPVR
Subendocardial
Viridans streptococci
15. What is the classic X ray finding for tet of fallot?
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Boot shaped heart
16. What murmur is heard with aortic regurg?
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Coarcation of aorta
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
17. Exercise - overtransfusiion and excitiment causes and increase in...?
LAD - V1 - V4
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Preload
Cystic hygroma
18. What does hypoxia cause in the lung versus other tissues?
Inc blood volume
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
V fib
19. When does extracellular calcium enter the cardiac muscle cells during contraction?
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
The plateau period
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Kids
20. necrotizing granulomas in lung and upper airways - nectrotizing GN - small vessel vasculitis
21. Does blood flow across the actual ASD account for abnormal heart sounds? What is the reason?
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Henoch - Schlonlein purpura
No - no pressure gradient
LAD - V1- V2
22. What is the association with wide S2 splitting?
Fluid movement through capillaries
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
Takayasu's arteritis
23. absecnce of tricuspid valve - hypoplastic RV
S. bovis
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Purkingee>atria>ventricles>AV node
24. failure of truncus arteriosus to divide?
Temporal arteritis
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
25. What is the machine like murmur? What is the heart pathology and the predisposing causes
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
CHF
Transmural
26. What stimulates release of calcium from the SR?
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
The operating point of the heart
27. machine murmer
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
PDA
Boot shaped heart
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
28. Unilateral headache - jaw claudication - impaired vision
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
PDA
In HF
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
29. Which organ has ht highest blood flow per gram of tissue
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
1st degree AV blodck
Strawberry hemangioma
Kidney
30. What causes the murmur heard in tricuspid regurg to enhance
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
In RA return (inspiration)
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
31. What is the definition of HTN?
10%
Right sided
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
140/90
32. Left to right shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Kids
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Preload
33. How does acidosis affect contractility?
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Decreased
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Systolic dysfunction
34. What is association with fixed S2 splitting - does not increase with inspiration
RCA
ASD
Transmural
Fluid movement through capillaries
35. What is the most common cause of MI
Polyarteritis nodosum
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
36. How does angiotensin II raise MAP
Vasocxn
MAP
140/90
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
37. What does mitral prolapse predeispose to?
LCX - I - aVL
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Infective endocarditis
38. disruption of the vasa vasorum of aorta - dilation of aorta and valve ring - tree bark appearance (calcifications on aortic root)
At least 55%
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
...
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
39. Which bacteria causes rheumatic heart disease
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
40. What are the systolic heart sounds
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Changes in CO as a function of preload
The plateau period
ANP
41. pulmonary veins drain into right heart circulation (SVC - coronary sinus)
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
TAPVR
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
42. What are tendinous xanthoma - atheromas - and corneal arcus signs of?
CFX
Hyperlipidemia
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
43. What does increasing intracellular Ca do?
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
Increase contractility
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
44. What are the different etiologies of dialted cardiomyopathy
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Tetrology of fallot - pulmonary stenosis - RVH - overiding aorta - VSD
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
45. Do you see elevaged ASO titers in rheumatic heart disease
Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
In RA return (inspiration)
Truncus - tet of fallot
Yes
46. What does HTN predispose to?
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Kussmaul's sign - cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxus
47. which heart valves are afected most in rheumatic heart diseease
In RA return (inspiration)
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Hematocrit
48. What is the time frame for arrhythmia risk in the evolution of MI
RF
No
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
The first 4 days
49. Weak pulses - notching of the ribs on xray - HTN in upper extremeties and weak peripheral pulses
The first 4 days
Adult type aortic coarctation
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
Kawasaki
50. bacterial endocarditis - previously normal valves - rapid onset - Which bacteria?
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
S. aureus