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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. How does angiotensin II raise MAP
Preload
Vasocxn
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
SA and AV nodes
2. Which murmur is heard with VSD?
Liver
QRS complex
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Cherry hemangioma
3. What murmur is heard with aortic regurg?
Mitral valve prolapse
Dressler's - autoimmune
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
4. What are the diastolic heart sounds?
Prinzmetal angina
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
5. Endothelial malignancy of the skin assocated with HHV-8 and HIV
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6. What happens in phase 2 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
V fib arrhythima
Libman - sacks endocarditis
7. p - anca
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8. Does eccentric hypertrophy or concentric hypertrophy cause systolic disfunction
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Preload
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
HypoK and bradycardia
9. What is the progression of atherosclerosis?
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
Non
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
10. What causes aortic regurg
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
11. friction rub - 3-5 days post MI
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Cherry hemangioma
12. What is a normal EF
Rhabdomyomas
Torsades de pointes
At least 55%
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
13. What is the machine like murmur? What is the heart pathology and the predisposing causes
Patent ductus arteriosus - congenital rubella or prematurity
Mitral stenosis
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
No - no pressure gradient
14. When do you see extensive coagulative necrosis in an MI
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Kaposi's sarcoma
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
15. dyspnea - fatigue - edema and rales - multiple causes
Holosystoiic
CHF
Hypertrophied cardiomyopathy
Infective endocarditis
16. benign cap hemangioma of infancy - spont regresses
Strawberry hemangioma
SV/ EDV
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
17. Left to right shunts are more common in babies or kids?
V fib
Kidney
Transposition of great vessels
Kids
18. What kind of infarct show ST depression
Subendocardial
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Volatage gated Ca channels
19. How do catecholamines increase contractility?
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Temporal arteritis
20. exaggerated decrease in pulse during inspiration.
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21. Which artery supplies the SA and AV nodes?
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
RCA
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
CO
22. lymphatic malignancy associated with persistant lymphadema - post radical mastectomy
Arteriorles
S. epidermidis
Lymphangiosarcoma
Infective endocarditis
23. what happens to capillaries in lymphatic blockage
Fick principle
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
A fib - beta block or ca channel block - warfarin - thromboembolism prophylaxis
24. What does hypoxia cause in the lung versus other tissues?
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
CFX
Mean arterial pressure
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
25. What causes the midsystolic click
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Kawasaki
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
The operating point of the heart
26. How are cadiac myocytes eltrically coupled?
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Raynaud's
Yes
Gap junctions
27. The cause of cardiac dilation?
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Infective endocarditis
Greater ventricular EDV
28. What masks atrial repolarization?
Left heart failure
QRS complex
In series
Isovolumetric contraction
29. absecnce of tricuspid valve - hypoplastic RV
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Tricuspid atresia - requires ASD and VSD
S. epidermidis
Rhabdomyomas
30. What does HTN predispose to?
Tricuspid - don't tri drugs - S. aureus - pseudomonas - candida
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
No - no pressure gradient
31. In an EKG - What is the QRS complex?
140/90
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
32. Which class of drugs decrease the murmur heard in aortic regurg?
Vasodilators
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Ventricular repolarization
33. What does an isoelectric ST segment indicate?
Ventricles are depolarized
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
34. What causes the early cyanosis in Tet of Fallot?
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
EKG
Decreases
35. What causes the cushing reflex and why
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
V fib
If sodium channel
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
36. In the cardiac and vascular function curves - In what instance is the vascular curve shifted to the right?
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Transfusion
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
37. What happens in phase 4 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
Resting potential high K perm
Ventricles are depolarized
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
Raynaud's
38. What supplies the posterior left ventricle?
CFX
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
RV failure - in venous pressure
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
39. What is the formula for EF?
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
SV/ EDV
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
40. What are anitschkow's cells
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
Activated histiocytes
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
41. What other sign is often present with congenital long QT syndrome - why?
Transfusion
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Atrial contraction
42. What is the danger of torsades to pointes?
Dec plasma proteins
Vasodilators
In series
Can progess to V fib
43. disruption of the vasa vasorum of aorta - dilation of aorta and valve ring - tree bark appearance (calcifications on aortic root)
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
CFX
Hemoptysis - hematuria - perforation of nasal septum - chronic sinusitis - otitis media - mastoiditis - cough dyspnea
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
44. coronary artery spasm - ST elevation
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Prinzmetal angina
45. What is the effect on the slope of phase 4 in pacemaker cells by catecholamines and
Rhabdomyomas
Fluid movement through capillaries
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
Infective endocarditis
46. In an inferior wall infarct - which artery is affected and which leads show Q waves
LAD - V1 - V4
Inc blood volume
RCA - II - III - aVF
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
47. tearing chest pain radiation to the back - associated with marfan
140/90
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Pulse pressure
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
48. which medications are used to maintain patency or close the ductus arteriosus?
Yes
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
49. Equilibration of diastolic pressures in all 4 chambers - decreased CO from compression of heart by fluid in pericardium
1st degree AV blodck
Cardiac tamponde
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
Fick principle
50. Rank the pacemakers cells
Left heart failure
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Left atrial pressure
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae