Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What causes the murmur heard in MR to enhance?
Inc TPR and LA return (expiration)
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
CFX

2. Which murmur do you hear in mitral stenosis?
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
The plateau period
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
If sodium channel

3. exaggerated decrease in pulse during inspiration.

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

4. retrosternal chest main with exertion - ST depression on ECG - likely due atherosclerosis
Lymphangiosarcoma
Volatage gated Ca channels
Stable angina
Granuloma with giant cells

5. What murmur is heard with aortic regurg?
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
Mitral valve prolapse
Ventricular repolarization
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)

6. Endothelial malignancy of the skin assocated with HHV-8 and HIV

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

7. What causes the CO curve to shift upwards?
MI
Torsades de pointes
Fick principle
Pos inotropy - exercise

8. What happends in phase 1 of the ventricular cardiac action potential?
Polyarteritis nodosum
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
QRS complex

9. Which artery supplies the SA and AV nodes?
Dressler's - autoimmune
Proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th power
RCA
Hematocrit

10. Does eccentric hypertrophy or concentric hypertrophy cause systolic disfunction
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Liver
Transposition of great vessels

11. dyspnea - fatigue - edema and rales - multiple causes
CHF
Kawasaki
Aortic dilation - bicuspid aortic valve - RF -
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma

12. Which valve is commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis from IV drug use and Which bacteria are most common?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

13. Expiration causes an increase in which sided heart sounds
Left sided
TAPVR
If sodium channel
The aortic before pulmonic - inspiration increases diff

14. immune mediated transmural vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis - small and medium vessels - renal and viscera - not pulm arteries - hep B seropos in 30% of pts
Polyarteritis nodosum
Greater ventricular EDV
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness

15. What do the carotid and aortic bodies respond to?
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Activated histiocytes
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence

16. In an acute MI - are there any visible changes via LM in the first 2-4 hours
Inc venous return exaccerbates pulm vasc congestion
Pyogenic granuloma - associated with trauma and pregnancy
Transmural
No

17. Which organ gets the largest share of systemic cardiac output
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Liver
Activated histiocytes

18. What is the result of not have fast sodium channels in pacemaker cells?
Non
S. aureus
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Slow conduction velocity - used by AV node prolongs transmission from atria to ventrical

19. Which bacteria causes endocarditis in the presence of colon cancer
Hemorrhage
S. bovis
10%
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec

20. When do coronary arteries fill?
Buerger's disease
Left heart failure
Inc Kf - capillary perm
During diastole

21. How are the sarcomeres added in eccentric hypertrophy?
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Isovolumetric contraction
In series
7 weeks

22. L to R shunt becomes R to L due to increase pulm pressures from original congenital heart defect

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

23. When and why is the S3 sound heard?
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Unstable/crescendo angina
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation

24. Why is there edema after burns or during infection
Truncus - tet of fallot
CO
Inc Kf - capillary perm
Kids

25. Which organ has the largest arteriovenous difference
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
LAD > RCA > circumflex
During diastole
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%

26. What are the four most common locations for atherosclerosis?
Septal defects - PDA - pulm art stenosis
MI
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia

27. Right to left shunts are more common in babies or kids?
Aortic and pulmonary closing
LCX - I - aVL
Babies
V fib

28. moncekberg
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Isovolumetric contraction
Subendocardial
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow

29. Which enzyme rises after 4 hours and is elevated for 7 to 10 days after an MI?
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction
Troponin I
Hyperlipidemia
Fluid movement through capillaries

30. wartiike - sterile vegetations occur on both sides of the valve - commonly causes mitral regurg. SLE causes it
Babies
Dilation
Libman - sacks endocarditis
Viridans streptococci

31. What is the characteristic pulse in aortic stenosis?
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Atherosclerosis
Kawasaki
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope

32. Which kind of infarct show ST elevation - and/or pathologic Q waves
Pos inotropy - exercise
Right sided
Transmural
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%

33. Chronic mitral stenosis can lead to what changes in size of the LA
Dilation
Sensironeural deafness - defects in sodium and potassium channels - jervell and lange - neilsen syndrome
At least 55%
Atherosclerosis

34. coronary artery spasm - ST elevation
Prinzmetal angina
Vasocxn
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Babies

35. progressive lengthening of PR until beat is dropped - a p wave not followed by QRS
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Hemorrhage
Vasodilators - (hydrAlAzine)
Dilation

36. How do beta blockers decrease contractility?
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Ventricles are depolarized
Decrease in cAMP
Left heart failure

37. What can cause mitral prolapse?
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Inc RA pressure - due to filling against closed tricupsid valve
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Stroke volume

38. disruption of the vasa vasorum of aorta - dilation of aorta and valve ring - tree bark appearance (calcifications on aortic root)
3rd degree syphillus - syphillit heart disease can lead to aortic valve incompetence
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Left heart failure
Wegener's

39. Rank the pacemakers cells
...
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Fever - roth's spots - osler's nodes - murmur - janeway lesions - anemia - nail - bed hemorrhages - emboli
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles

40. Central chemoreceptors do not respond directly to which parameter?
P02
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
Vasocxn - while other tissues it causes vasodilation
Isovolumetric contraction

41. What does the starling curve show?
Holosystolic - harsh sounding murmur - loudest over tricuspid area
Changes in CO as a function of preload
7 weeks
During diastole

42. stroke volume x HR =?
CO
Unstable/crescendo angina
During diastole
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open

43. congenital heart defect with turner's
Systolic dysfunction
Coarcation of aorta
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression

44. What is the difference between the fetal and neonatal direction of blood flow in a patent ductus arteriosus
Increased SV
140/90
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure

45. Which artery supplies the inferior portion of the left ventricle and posterior septum?
...
Stable angina
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)

46. with what heart sounds do ASD usually present?
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla
Fever - erythema marginatum - valvular damage - ESR - red hot joints - subQ nodules - St. vitus dance (chorea)
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis

47. How does aldosterone raise MAP
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
Troponin I
Inc blood volume
V fib

48. What does an isoelectric ST segment indicate?
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
Resting potential high K perm
Ventricles are depolarized

49. Exercise - overtransfusiion and excitiment causes and increase in...?
The plateau period
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Preload
Left atrial pressure

50. In an inferior wall infarct - which artery is affected and which leads show Q waves
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Transfusion
Prinzmetal angina
RCA - II - III - aVF