Test your basic knowledge |

Cardiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Which sympathetic receptors raise MAP
Beta 1 inc HR and cont - alpha 1 venocxn - alpha 1 arteriolar vascxn
Initial repol - inactivation of of voltage gated Na channels - voltage gated K channels begin to open
Mitral and tricuspid closure
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow

2. delta wave on ECG - accesory conduction pathway from atria to ventricles - reentry leading to supraventricular tachycardia
Diastolic
Wolff - Parkinson white syndrome
Adult type aortic coarctation
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease

3. fibrinous pericarditis several weeks post MI

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

4. highly lethal malignancy of the liver - associated with vinyl chloride - arsenic - and thorosrast exposure
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
During diastole
Angiosarcoma
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS

5. What does FROM JANE stand for in bacterial endocarditis?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

6. In the evolution of an MI - when the risk for free wall rupture - tamponade - papillary muscle rupture - or interventricular septal rupture the hightest? Why?
Decrease in cAMP
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
Fluid movement through capillaries
Cystic hygroma

7. What causes the cushing reflex and why
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
Kids
Inc ICP - cerebral ischemia - inc SANS tone (HTN) and reflex bradycardia
CHF

8. Mitral stenosis is most often secondary to which condition?
Fick principle
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
RF
No - no pressure gradient

9. If HR is too fast (V tach) what happens during diastole?
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Raynaud's
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities

10. Do you see elevaged ASO titers in rheumatic heart disease
Yes
Kaposi's sarcoma
Cardiac tamponde
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli

11. What are the complications from bacterial endocarditis?
Arteriolosclerosis in malignant hypertension
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Prinzmetal angina
Group a beta hemolytic strep

12. Chronic mitral stenosis can lead to what changes in size of the LA
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
Dilation
Pulse pressure
P02

13. clinical signs of cardiac tamponade
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Dilation
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus

14. What causes the CO curve to shift upwards?
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Pos inotropy - exercise
Isovolumetric contraction
Dilation

15. in the JVP - What is the c wave?
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
Systolic dysfunction
The plateau period

16. benign - painful - red - blue tumor under fingernails from smooth muscle cells
PDA
Glomus tumor
R to L shunt caused by stenoic pulmonic valve
Left sided

17. What channels do the the pacemaker cells lack?
Boot shaped heart
Buerger's disease
LCX - I - aVL
Fast volatge gated Na channels

18. Which murmur do you hear in mitral stenosis?
Pulse pressure
Increase in Pc
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery

19. S3 - dilated heart on US - balloon appearance on CXR - eccentric hypertrophy
Dilated cardiomyopathy
MI
P02
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae

20. moncekberg
Raynaud's
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
Calcification in media of arteries esp radial and ulnar - does not obstruct blood flow - intima not involved
Buerger's disease

21. How does acidosis affect contractility?
Decreased
HTN - bradycardia - and respiratory depression
CK- MB
S. aureus

22. What are the diastolic heart sounds?
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis

23. What causes aortic stenosis
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis

24. coronary artery spasm - ST elevation
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
MAP
Prinzmetal angina

25. Which area of the endocardium is especially vulnerable to infarction? Why?
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
RF
Fluid movement through capillaries

26. What are the four most common locations for atherosclerosis?
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
Abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery ACoPCa
Atherosclerosis - LVH - stroke - CHF - renal failure - retinopathy - aortic dissection
No

27. most common primary cardiac tumor in adults - ball - valve obstruction in left atrium
Boot shaped heart
Tempral arteritis - may cause irreversible blindness
S. aureus
Myxoma

28. L to R shunt becomes R to L due to increase pulm pressures from original congenital heart defect

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

29. smaller vegetations - congenitally abnormal or diseased valves - sequela of dental procedures. Insidious onset
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Viridans streptococci
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope

30. What is the time frame for arrhythmia risk in the evolution of MI
The first 4 days
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Shunt - VSD - PDA or patent foramen ovale - due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Sturge weber - vasculitis of caps

31. What does TAPVR stand for
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
TAPVR
Inc afterload - inc contractility - inc heart rate - inc heart size (inc wall tension)
Aortic insuffic - late

32. When do you see extensive coagulative necrosis in an MI
Inc interstitial osmotic pressure pulling fliud out of capillaries
2-4 day - early coag necrosis on the first day
Metastasis from melanoma or lymphoma
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis

33. What is the danger of torsades to pointes?
TAPVR
Age related calcifications or bicuspid aortic valve
Can progess to V fib
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope

34. What masks atrial repolarization?
Truncus - tet of fallot
Afterload (proportional to peripheral resistance)
QRS complex
Glossopharyngeal to soliary nucleus of medulla

35. Restrictive cardiomyopathy causes
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
Dec plasma proteins
Right sided
No

36. In an anterior wall infarct - which artery is effected and which leads show Q waves
Rapid upstroke - voltage gated Na channels open
LAD - V1 - V4
Mitral>aortic>>tricuspid - high pressure valves affected most
Conduction delay through AV node - nl < 200 msec

37. Do dihydropyridine or non - dihyrdropyridine Ca channel blockers decrease contractility
Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis
RCA
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Non

38. What causes the midsystolic click
Filling is incomplete and CO falls
Arrhythmia - LV failure and pulm edema - cardiogenic shock - free wall rupture - aneurysm - postinfarcation fibrinous pericarditis - dressler's
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
Changes in CO as a function of preload

39. Churg Strauss - presentation and test
Polycythemia - hyperproteinemic states (multiple myeloma) - hereditary spherocytosis
Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Asthma - sinusitis - skin lesions and periphereal neuropathy (wrist/foot drop) heart - GI - kidneys
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Buerger's disease

40. What does the starling curve show?
3rd degree block - pacemaker - Lyme disease
Cardiac tamponde
Changes in CO as a function of preload
Plateau - influx of calcium through voltage gated ca channels - ca release from SR and contraction

41. SV CAP means?
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
C - ANCA
Stroke volume affected by contractility - afterload - and preload
Stroke volume

42. When does EF decrease
In HF
Eccentric - concentric hypertrophy causes diastolic disfunction
Increasing activity of Ca pump in SR
Subendocardial

43. Which murmur is heard with mitral prolapse?
Rhabdomyomas
Late systolic crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click
Resting potential high K perm
7 weeks

44. What is association with fixed S2 splitting - does not increase with inspiration
The operating point of the heart
ASD
Increase - increase the chance the If are open
P02

45. Rank the pacemakers cells
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 2 - may progess to 3rd degree block
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Takayasu's arteritis

46. Which valve is most commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis?
Hypotension - inc venous pressure - distant heart sounds - inc HR - pulsus paradoxus
Mitral valve
Infantile is proximal to ductus arteriosus and adult is distal. Infantile In and aDult is Distal to Ductus
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec

47. failure of truncus arteriosus to divide?
Aortic stenosis or LBBB
Left heart failure
In HF
Persistant truncus arteriosus

48. What happens in phase 3 of the cardiac ventricular action potential?
RF
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Can progess to V fib
Increase in Pc

49. prolonged PR interval
Cystic hygroma
1st degree AV blodck
5-10 days - macs have degraded structural components
If sodium channel

50. What murmur is heard with aortic regurg?
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Immediate high pitched blowing diasystolic murmur with a wide pulse pressure
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Temporal arteritis