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Test your basic knowledge |
Cardiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. How does acidosis affect contractility?
Aortic disecction - intraluminal tear forming false lumen
Decreased
Stable angina
Prinzmetal angina
2. What is the time frame for arrhythmia risk in the evolution of MI
Changes in CO as a function of preload
Heart - 02 extraction is always around 100%
RV failure - in venous pressure
The first 4 days
3. disease of elastic arteries and large and medium sized muscular arteries
No
Atherosclerosis
Mitral stenosis
P02
4. When does EF decrease
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Inc blood volume
In HF
Kids
5. Which valve is commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis from IV drug use and Which bacteria are most common?
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6. What are the different etiologies of dialted cardiomyopathy
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Stable angina
Mitral valve
7. What is the danger of torsades to pointes?
Group a beta hemolytic strep
Can progess to V fib
Black > white > asian
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulding into atrium
8. Which area of the endocardium is especially vulnerable to infarction? Why?
The operating point of the heart
SV/ EDV
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Lymphangiosarcoma
9. Where does coronary artery occlusion occur most commonly?
Ventricular depolarization - nl < 120 msec
Pulse pressure
LAD
Coarcation of aorta
10. What are the systolic heart sounds
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
Pulmonic stenosis and RBBB
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis and mitral/tricuspid regurg
Medullary vasomotor center senses baroreceptors and JGA
11. What cardiac change occurs in pregnancy?
Increased SV
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
RCA
12. What are anitschkow's cells
Venodilators (nitrogylcerine)
Cherry hemangioma
Activated histiocytes
If sodium channel
13. What are the complications of atherosclerosis?
TAPVR
Aneurysms - ischemia - infarcts - peripheral vasc dz - thromboemboli
EtOh - wet Beriberi - Coxsackie B - cocaine - chagas - doxorubicin - hemochromatosis - peripartum cardiomyopathy
Kaposi's sarcoma
14. what percentage of HTN is secondary to renal disease?
Late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
10%
Increase intracellular Na - resulting in increased Ca
Angiosarcoma
15. How does aldosterone raise MAP
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Inc blood volume
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
SV/ EDV
16. Exercise - overtransfusiion and excitiment causes and increase in...?
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Aortic/pulmonic regurg and mitral/tricuspid stenosis
Preload
17. Restrictive cardiomyopathy causes
Ventricular repolarization
Sarcoid - amyloid - postradiation fibrosis - endocardial fibroelastosis - Loffler - hemochromatosis
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Failure of LV to in CO during exercise
18. Rank the pacemakers cells
Transmural
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
Takayasu's arteritis
Non
19. congenital heart defect with turner's
Dec P02 - inc PC02 and dec pH
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
Pulmonary flow murmur and diastolic rumble
Coarcation of aorta
20. progressive lengthening of PR until beat is dropped - a p wave not followed by QRS
2nd degree AV block - mobitz type 1
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Cardiac tamponde
During HF from microhemorrhages from inc pulm cap pressure
21. highly lethal malignancy of the liver - associated with vinyl chloride - arsenic - and thorosrast exposure
Fast volatge gated Na channels
Raynaud's
Angiosarcoma
Indomethacin closes - and pge keeps it open
22. pulseless disease - granulomatous thickening of the aortic arch and/or proximal great vessels - elev ESR - asian females > 40
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23. Which artery supplies the inferior portion of the left ventricle and posterior septum?
Posterior descending (80% off the RCA - 20% off the circumflex)
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
In HF
C - ANCA
24. In an inferior wall infarct - which artery is affected and which leads show Q waves
Temporal arteritis
Dilation
RCA - II - III - aVF
Truncus - tet of fallot
25. decrease stretch in baroreceptors leads to what response?
Increased efferent SANS and decreased efferent PANS
Inc blood volume
Torsades de pointes
No - no pressure gradient
26. What causes hepatomegaly?
Total anomalous pulmonary trunk venous return
V fib arrhythima
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Apex and anterior interventricular septum
27. What can cause mitral prolapse?
Inc central venous pressure - inc resistance to portal flow
Troponin I
Myxomatous degeneration - RF - chordae rupture
Inc Kf - capillary perm
28. The cause of pulmonary edema - paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?
LV failure - pulm venous distention transudation of fluid
Left sided
Fetal right to left - neonate left to right leading to RVH and failure
Dec plasma proteins
29. immune mediated transmural vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis - small and medium vessels - renal and viscera - not pulm arteries - hep B seropos in 30% of pts
No - no pressure gradient
Polyarteritis nodosum
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
30. When during cardiac nodal cells depolarize?
The operating point of the heart
During diastole
Vasocxn
Decreases
31. What does FAN MY SKIN On Wednesday stand for?
MAP
Yes
Fever - Arthritis - Night sweats - Myalgia - SKIN nodules - Ocular disturbances - Weak pulses in upper extremities
Sudden tensing of chordae tendinae
32. Endothelial malignancy of the skin assocated with HHV-8 and HIV
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33. What are the complications from bacterial endocarditis?
S. epidermidis
Increase contractility
Chordae rupture - GN - suppurative pericarditis - emboli
Activated histiocytes
34. wartiike - sterile vegetations occur on both sides of the valve - commonly causes mitral regurg. SLE causes it
Mechanican contraction of the ventricles
Polyarteritis nodosum
Libman - sacks endocarditis
QRS complex
35. in the JVP - What is the a wave?
Atrial contraction
The plateau period
Rapid repol - massive K influx - opening of voltage gated slow K channels and closure of Ca channels
Diastolic
36. What is the characteristic pulse in aortic stenosis?
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
Aortic and pulmonary closing
Normal in children and pregs - assoc with inc filling pressures - early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling
Raynaud's
37. What are the 5 T's of cyanoitc babies
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Varicose veins - thromboembolism rare
ANP
Cardiac tamponde
38. bacterial endocarditis - previously normal valves - rapid onset - Which bacteria?
LCX - I - aVL
S. aureus
Left sided
Right sided
39. Most common vasculitis affecting medium and large arteries
Temporal arteritis
Buerger's disease
Cystic hygroma
During diastole
40. What stimulates release of calcium from the SR?
P02
7 weeks
Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
41. What is the most common cause of MI
Prinzmetal angina
EKG
Acute thrombosis of coronary artery
Dressler's - autoimmune
42. Which enzyme rises after 4 hours and is elevated for 7 to 10 days after an MI?
Troponin I
The operating point of the heart
Transposition of great vessels
In HF
43. what conditions are associated with pulsus paradoxus
Dressler's - autoimmune
Late in diastole - high atrial pressure - pushing against a stiff LV wall - associated with ventricular hypertrophy
Extracellular calcium - calcium induced calcium release
Cardiac tamponade - asthma - obstructive sleep apnea - pericarditis and croup
44. Where is the most posterior portion of the heart and What can it cause?
The LA - can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophageal nerve or hoarseness by compressing the the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Arteriorles
Early deaths from myocarditis
SA>AV>bundle of His>ventricles
45. failure of truncus arteriosus to divide?
Buerger's disease
Dressler's - autoimmune
Persistant truncus arteriosus
RCA
46. fibrous plaques and atheromas in intima of arteries
Polyarteritis nodosum
Atherosclerosis
Squat. Compression of femoral arteries - inc TPR - dec
No
47. On the cardiac cycle graph - on which corners do the opening and closing of the aortic and mitral valves occur?
Yes
Tetralogy of fallot - transposition of great vessels - truncus arteriosus - tricuspid atresia - TAPVR
Lower right - MC - upper right - AO - upper right AC - lower left MO
Subendocardial - fewer collaterals and higher pressure
48. Which artery supplies the SA and AV nodes?
C - ANCA
1st degree AV blodck
RCA
RF
49. What does an isoelectric ST segment indicate?
Ventricles are depolarized
Decrease in activity of Na/Ca exhanger and increase in contractility
ANP
Endothelial cell dysfxn - mac and LDL accum - foam cell - fatty streaks - smooth muscle cell migration - fibrous plaque - comlex atheromas
50. acute - self limiting necrotizing vasculitis in children associated with fever - conjunctivitis - strawberry tongue - desquamatous skin rash - lymphadenitis - coronary sinus aneurysms. Seen in asians
Pulsus parvus and tardus - weak - can lead to syncope
P02
Kawasaki
ASD - VSD - AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)