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CCNA

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What type of algorithm does OSPF & IS-IS use?
A single interface may be assigned multiple IPv6 addresses - and every IPv6 interface contains at least one loopback address.
Supports both unequal metric load balancing and equal metric balancing.
Is a classless link-state protocol - creates a neighbor relationship by exchanging hello packets - propagates LSA's rather than routing table updates.
Link-State

2. What is a VLAN
Unicast - Multicast - Anycast
A group of end stations with a common set of requirements - independent of their physical location
Propagation of partial updates that are sent only to those routers that the changes affect.
R= Rip protocol; You can reach network 192.168.1.0 in two hops. The 120 is the admin distance and the 2 is the metric (hop). and it can be reached via the 10.1.1.2 network.

3. Benefits of OSPF?
Classless - VLSM capable - Subnet mask sent in routing update - Multicast addressing - Supports route summarization - and authentication
Scalable and fast convergence
32768
A link is an interface on a router

4. Why is it important to have a loopback address when using OSPF?
Because a loopback interface is always active and cannot be in a down state like a real interface can.
Is a classless link-state protocol - creates a neighbor relationship by exchanging hello packets - propagates LSA's rather than routing table updates.
Every 30 Seconds
Domain

5. Explain OSPF

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6. Break down the word Link-State

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7. How often does a router send link-state advertisements?
By insereting 0xFFFE between the upper three bytes and the lower three bytes of the MAC address
120
Plaintext and MD5
Every 30 minutes by default

8. In Link state terminology - What is a link?

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9. Every ACL will need what?
A permit statement
Discovery of Remote Networks - Maintaining Up to date information - Choosing the best path available
16
Ever 2 seconds

10. Normal time for STP convergence
224.0.0.5
Is the time in seconds that a router waits to hear from a neighbor before declaring the router out of service.
30-50 seconds
A group of end stations with a common set of requirements - independent of their physical location

11. How does Link-State work?
The Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL)
Each router builds a map of the network and determines the shortest path to every network.
The lower MAC address
Classless - VLSM capable - Subnet mask sent in routing update - Multicast addressing - Supports route summarization - and authentication

12. What is ::
Domain
Classless - VLSM capable - Subnet mask sent in routing update - Multicast addressing - Supports route summarization - and authentication
Unspecified
Different Autonomous Systems

13. Why is EIGRP considered a Hybrid routing protocol?
4 times the hello interval
Discovery of Remote Networks - Maintaining Up to date information - Choosing the best path available
It combines the advantages of Link-State and Distance vector routing protocols.
100Mb/s

14. What Layer does Frame Relay operate at?
Designated Router (DR) and a Back-up designated Router (BDR)
Port based
Layers 1 & 2
Updates all DROTHER Routers when a change occurs

15. Dynamic VLAN is what?
DROTHER
Disable auto summarization
Routes First/ Tests second
MAC based

16. How do you configure a sub interface?
Aka Subnet mask
Make sure trunking is established. Ensure that dot1q encapsulation is set - and then for each subinterface do this encapsulation dot1Q 2 where 2 is the VLAN associated with that interface
120
A link is an interface on a router

17. How does EIGRP work with regards to Load Balancing
Supports both unequal metric load balancing and equal metric balancing.
4 times the hello interval
Carry's traffic for multiple VLANS
Layers 1 & 2

18. What is the purpose of LMI
16
Cisco - ANSI - Q.933A
90
It is the signaling standard that maintains connection and statues between the DCE and DTE

19. OSPF routes packets within a single?
2^n-2
Cisco - ANSI - Q.933A
Autonomous System
Packet Header

20. An autonomous system could also be referred to as what?
Plaintext and MD5
Layers 1 & 2
Domain
A permit statement

21. How does an Extended ACL work?
Checks the source and destination address then permits or denies specific protocols
Carry's traffic for multiple VLANS
Cannot create - modify or delete VLAN's - sends and forwards advertisements - synchronizes VLAn configurations.
2^n

22. What does the DR do?
0
Individual or group IP's
Only with Cisco IOS software release 12.3 (2) T
Updates all DROTHER Routers when a change occurs

23. Problem with static routes
Not scalable - hard to maintain as the network grows
100Mb/s
Link is the router interface and State is the description of an interface and it's relationship to neighboring routers
1.) Enter the Routing Manually 2.) Use Dymamic Routing

24. Routers are used for what?
Only topology within their respective area.
A group of end stations with a common set of requirements - independent of their physical location
By insereting 0xFFFE between the upper three bytes and the lower three bytes of the MAC address
To select the best path to the destination

25. With OSPF - there must always be a area......
0
It is a means for statistically multiplexing many logical data conversations also known as virtual circuits on a single physical transmission link.
...
By DLCI's

26. Spanning-Tree cost of 19
Susceptible to routing loops
Cannot create - modify or delete VLAN's - sends and forwards advertisements - synchronizes VLAn configurations.
The Root bridge is the bridge with the lowest bridge ID
100Mb/s

27. Advance Distance Vector or Hybrid uses what?
A combination of Link-state and distance vector
Not scalable - hard to maintain as the network grows
A group of end stations with a common set of requirements - independent of their physical location
Area-ID - hello/dead intervals - authentication - and stub area flag and same IP subnet.

28. Classful Protocols summarize
Null
RIPv2 & EIGRP
Automatically
Because a loopback interface is always active and cannot be in a down state like a real interface can.

29. In regards to ACL's What are the three protocols?
One ACL per protocol - One ACL per direction - Once ACL per interface
Checks the source address and then permits or denies the entire protocol suite
...
Domain

30. How often are OSPF hello packets sent out?
...
MD5 and you have to enable it if you want to use it.
1
Every 10 seconds

31. In bridge root selection - if the bridge prioritys are the same - what determines root selection?
The lower MAC address
1
Port based
Determines the cost which is the bandwidth

32. What do area's do?
Is a classless link-state protocol - creates a neighbor relationship by exchanging hello packets - propagates LSA's rather than routing table updates.
Propagation of partial updates that are sent only to those routers that the changes affect.
Reduce the link-state database and routing table
Between areas?

33. What does bounded refer to?
Propagation of partial updates that are sent only to those routers that the changes affect.
MD5 and you have to enable it if you want to use it.
A protocol on how to communicate with other routers
IETF

34. What is an Autonomous System?
Dijkstra's Algorithm
Checks the source and destination address then permits or denies specific protocols
...
A protocol on how to communicate with other routers

35. How long is the dead interval
Checks the source address and then permits or denies the entire protocol suite
Unicast - Multicast - Anycast
To reduce OSPF traffic
4 times the hello interval

36. Spanning-Tree cost of 100
A permit statement
10Mb/s
Classless - VLSM capable - Subnet mask sent in routing update - Multicast addressing - Supports route summarization - and authentication
Scalable and fast convergence

37. A router running EIGRP will store what?
Every 30 minutes by default
Determines the cost which is the bandwidth
All backup routes for destinations.
Data Link Connection Identifier

38. By default - EIGRP will perform automatic summarization on classful boundaries. True or False
Private: link local
For line vty 0 4
A link is an interface on a router
TRUE

39. Exterior Gateway Protocols are designed for use between
30-50 seconds
Different Autonomous Systems
Designated Router (DR) and a Back-up designated Router (BDR)
Six equal cost paths

40. What distant vector protocols exhibit classless behavior?
It is never useful to send information about a route back in the direction from which the original info came.
RIPv2 and EIGRP
Is a classless link-state protocol - creates a neighbor relationship by exchanging hello packets - propagates LSA's rather than routing table updates.
By DLCI's

41. What does this mean? R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/2] via 10.1.1.2
4
1
R= Rip protocol; You can reach network 192.168.1.0 in two hops. The 120 is the admin distance and the 2 is the metric (hop). and it can be reached via the 10.1.1.2 network.
Make sure trunking is established. Ensure that dot1q encapsulation is set - and then for each subinterface do this encapsulation dot1Q 2 where 2 is the VLAN associated with that interface

42. Routers running distances vector routing protocol send periodic updates even if there are no changes in the network. True or False?
It combines the advantages of Link-State and Distance vector routing protocols.
TRUE
110
OSPF Neighbor adjacencies - OSPF routing table - and OSPF authentication

43. OSPF will elect a what?
1
Not scalable - hard to maintain as the network grows
Designated Router (DR) and a Back-up designated Router (BDR)
A backbone area...Also known as Area 0

44. Describe a Inbound ACL
100Mb/s
Packets are processed before they are routed to an outbound interface.
Null
4 times the hello interval

45. How are Frame Relay Circuits identified?

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46. What three types of IPv6 address types are there?
The lower MAC address
No
Place the extended ACL's as close to the source as possible and the standard ACL's as close to the destination as possible.
Unicast - Multicast - Anycast

47. Admin distance of OSPF?
Link-State
110
DROTHER
20 seconds: 10 missed BPDU's

48. Admin distance of a Static Route?
224.0.0.5
Unspecified
1
All backup routes for destinations.

49. What algorithm does EIGRP use?
Make sure trunking is established. Ensure that dot1q encapsulation is set - and then for each subinterface do this encapsulation dot1Q 2 where 2 is the VLAN associated with that interface
The Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL)
Packet Header
RIPv2 & EIGRP

50. What are subinterfaces?
Bandwidth & Delay
Every 10 seconds
Multiple virtual interfaces that are associated with one physical interface
OSPF Neighbor adjacencies - OSPF routing table - and OSPF authentication

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