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CCNA

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Example of a Routing Protocol?
90
EIGRP - OSPF - RIP
Classful - No VLSM - Broadcast addressing - No route summarization - or Authentication
Packet Header

2. Summarization of network information usually occurs where?
Area-ID - hello/dead intervals - authentication - and stub area flag and same IP subnet.
Data Link Connection Identifier
0
Between areas?

3. Every ACL will need what?
A permit statement
Propagation of partial updates that are sent only to those routers that the changes affect.
Distance Vector
Place the extended ACL's as close to the source as possible and the standard ACL's as close to the destination as possible.

4. What address is FE80:/10
All backup routes for destinations.
1
Private: link local
Place the extended ACL's as close to the source as possible and the standard ACL's as close to the destination as possible.

5. What are the major components of OSPF troubleshooting?
The lower MAC address
It is a means for statistically multiplexing many logical data conversations also known as virtual circuits on a single physical transmission link.
Convergence
OSPF Neighbor adjacencies - OSPF routing table - and OSPF authentication

6. Why is it important to have a loopback address when using OSPF?
Because a loopback interface is always active and cannot be in a down state like a real interface can.
Distance Vector
RIPv2 and EIGRP
Supports both unequal metric load balancing and equal metric balancing.

7. In Link state terminology - What is a link?
One ACL per protocol - One ACL per direction - Once ACL per interface
Telnet connectivity - authentication and extended ACLs
A link is an interface on a router
The lower MAC address

8. How are Frame Relay Circuits identified?

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9. What two parameters does EIGRP use to determine the best route?
110
Advertised Distance & Feasible distance
224.0.0.10
Make sure trunking is established. Ensure that dot1q encapsulation is set - and then for each subinterface do this encapsulation dot1Q 2 where 2 is the VLAN associated with that interface

10. What does partial refer to?
Is the time in seconds that a router waits to hear from a neighbor before declaring the router out of service.
Anycast
Area Border Router
The update only includes info about the route change

11. Normal time for STP convergence
30-50 seconds
Classless - VLSM capable - Subnet mask sent in routing update - Multicast addressing - Supports route summarization - and authentication
20 seconds: 10 missed BPDU's
A protocol on how to communicate with other routers

12. What does the back bone router do?
Routes First/ Tests second
Connects the different areas
Area-ID - hello/dead intervals - authentication - and stub area flag and same IP subnet.
Multicast

13. How often does a router send link-state advertisements?
Every 30 minutes by default
If int status is UP/UP..Check to make sure OSPF is enabled on the interface
Telnet connectivity - authentication and extended ACLs
Layers 1 & 2

14. An autonomous system could also be referred to as what?
One ACL per protocol - One ACL per direction - Once ACL per interface
Domain
Only with Cisco IOS software release 12.3 (2) T
OSPF Neighbor adjacencies - OSPF routing table - and OSPF authentication

15. How does a Standard ACL work?
Unspecified
Between areas?
Adjacency
Checks the source address and then permits or denies the entire protocol suite

16. What is Frame Relay?
The lower MAC address
A layer 3 switch or router
It is a means for statistically multiplexing many logical data conversations also known as virtual circuits on a single physical transmission link.
16

17. Admin distance of a Static Route?
1
Area Border Router
It is never useful to send information about a route back in the direction from which the original info came.
Select the routing protocol - then specify the network.

18. How does the SPF determine the shortest path?
To select the best path to the destination
Null
Checks the source address and then permits or denies the entire protocol suite
Determines the cost which is the bandwidth

19. Break down the word Link-State

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20. Spanning-Tree cost of 100
10Mb/s
Cisco - ANSI - Q.933A
0
120

21. VTP Client Mode does what?

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22. How does an Extended ACL work?
RIPv2 & EIGRP
Anycast
A backbone area...Also known as Area 0
Checks the source and destination address then permits or denies specific protocols

23. With OSPF - each router builds its SPF tree using the same link-state information - but each will have a separate ________ of the topology
View
Plaintext and MD5
Adjacency
224.0.0.10

24. What is OSPF multicast address?
Link is the router interface and State is the description of an interface and it's relationship to neighboring routers
Classful - No VLSM - Broadcast addressing - No route summarization - or Authentication
...
224.0.0.5

25. Admin distance of OSPF?
110
If int status is UP/UP..Check to make sure OSPF is enabled on the interface
MD5 and you have to enable it if you want to use it.
The update only includes info about the route change

26. Spanning-Tree coast of 4
IETF
120
Aka Subnet mask
1Gb/s

27. What is ::
Match on all routers or it will not work
Unspecified
A layer 3 switch or router
Telnet connectivity - authentication and extended ACLs

28. What does this mean? R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/2] via 10.1.1.2
EIGRP - OSPF - RIP
Make sure you are in interface mode - then use this command ip access-group 1 out/in
The inverse of a subnet mask.
R= Rip protocol; You can reach network 192.168.1.0 in two hops. The 120 is the admin distance and the 2 is the metric (hop). and it can be reached via the 10.1.1.2 network.

29. Spanning-Tree cost of 19
Is the time in seconds that a router waits to hear from a neighbor before declaring the router out of service.
Distance Vector
100Mb/s
It combines the advantages of Link-State and Distance vector routing protocols.

30. What does bounded refer to?
Multiple virtual interfaces that are associated with one physical interface
Because a loopback interface is always active and cannot be in a down state like a real interface can.
Propagation of partial updates that are sent only to those routers that the changes affect.
Advance Distance Vector

31. What are subinterfaces?
Multiple virtual interfaces that are associated with one physical interface
Unicast - Multicast - Anycast
It is a means for statistically multiplexing many logical data conversations also known as virtual circuits on a single physical transmission link.
Connects the different areas

32. Why is EIGRP considered a Hybrid routing protocol?
Bandwidth & Delay
Every 30 minutes by default
The inverse of a subnet mask.
It combines the advantages of Link-State and Distance vector routing protocols.

33. What is an Autonomous System?
...
2^n
Classful - No VLSM - Broadcast addressing - No route summarization - or Authentication
The update only includes info about the route change

34. OSPF routes packets within a single?
2^n-2
Link-State
Autonomous System
Match on all routers or it will not work

35. Describe features of RIPv2
Area-ID - hello/dead intervals - authentication - and stub area flag and same IP subnet.
2^n-2
Private: link local
Classless - VLSM capable - Subnet mask sent in routing update - Multicast addressing - Supports route summarization - and authentication

36. Admin distance of RIPv2
Different Autonomous Systems
If int status is UP/UP..Check to make sure OSPF is enabled on the interface
2^n
120

37. Benefits of OSPF?
224.0.0.5
Scalable and fast convergence
A trunk
R= Rip protocol; You can reach network 192.168.1.0 in two hops. The 120 is the admin distance and the 2 is the metric (hop). and it can be reached via the 10.1.1.2 network.

38. What is ::1
Associating the network address with a local DLCI.
Plaintext and MD5
Multiple virtual interfaces that are associated with one physical interface
Loopback

39. Describe a Inbound ACL
Unicast - Multicast - Anycast
Maximizing address efficiency - organization - summarization
Packets are processed before they are routed to an outbound interface.
2^n

40. What is the Shortest Path First algorithm also called?

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41. What do area's do?
Reduce the link-state database and routing table
To select the best path to the destination
Different Autonomous Systems
RIPv2 and EIGRP

42. What is an ABR
Scalable and fast convergence
Between areas?
RIPv2 and EIGRP
Area Border Router

43. Dynamic VLAN is what?
Associating the network address with a local DLCI.
MAC based
Area-ID - hello/dead intervals - authentication - and stub area flag and same IP subnet.
A single interface may be assigned multiple IPv6 addresses - and every IPv6 interface contains at least one loopback address.

44. With OSPF - what must be defined?
2^n
Link-State
...
A backbone area...Also known as Area 0

45. How often are LMI's sent out?
All backup routes for destinations.
Every 10 Seconds
The information regarding that link. This can include the router's IP address - the type of network - the cost of the link - and if there are any neighboring routers on that link.
Scalable and fast convergence

46. How is an EUI-64 format interface ID created from a 48-Bit MAC address
Is the time in seconds that a router waits to hear from a neighbor before declaring the router out of service.
By insereting 0xFFFE between the upper three bytes and the lower three bytes of the MAC address
20 seconds: 10 missed BPDU's
DROTHER

47. How do you configure a sub interface?
Make sure trunking is established. Ensure that dot1q encapsulation is set - and then for each subinterface do this encapsulation dot1Q 2 where 2 is the VLAN associated with that interface
Test Firsts/ Routes Second
Select the routing protocol - then specify the network.
IETF

48. In bridge root selection - if the bridge prioritys are the same - what determines root selection?
The lower MAC address
Discovery of Remote Networks - Maintaining Up to date information - Choosing the best path available
Incoming packets are routed to the outbound interface - and then they are processed through the outbound ACL
Supports both unequal metric load balancing and equal metric balancing.

49. How many hops are allowed with RIP?
Is a classless link-state protocol - creates a neighbor relationship by exchanging hello packets - propagates LSA's rather than routing table updates.
15.....16 hops and the interface is down
Creates - Modifies - and deletes VLAN's - Sends and forwards advertisements - Synchronizes VLAN configuration
To select the best path to the destination

50. Problem with static routes
Not scalable - hard to maintain as the network grows
Dijkstra's Algorithm
Designated Router (DR) and a Back-up designated Router (BDR)
Unicast - Multicast - Anycast

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