Test your basic knowledge |

CCNP Route

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Name at least two reasons why an OSPF neighbor might be stuck in the EXSTART/EXCHANGE state.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
Interdomain routing
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer

2. What is the correct syntax to find community attributes in routing updates?
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]

3. What is the correct command to configure community propagation to BGP neighbors?
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.

4. Name at least one reason that an OSPF neighbor can be stuck in the ATTEMPT state.
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment

5. What are the two methods by which BGP injects local routes into the BGP table?
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.

6. Neighbor database
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.

7. How can a router qualify as a feasible successor in EIGRP?
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.

8. Notification
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.

9. What is the type number of the external routes permitted in a Not-So-Stubby OSPF area?
Interdomain routing
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.

10. What command do you use in OSPF to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR?
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.

11. What is the correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF?
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
200

12. When a BGP router receives an update from an EBGP neighbor - it must pass that update to its IBGP neighbors without changing the next-hop attribute. Therefore - IBGP routers must have a route to the network connecting their autonomous system to that
Manually configured
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.

13. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O E2 route designator. What does this signify?
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.

14. What is the Feasible Distance (FD) value in EIGRP?
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.

15. What is the command to configure a router as a BGP route reflector?
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client

16. What kind of routing protocol is BGP?
BGP is a path-vector protocol
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
Border Gateway Protocol
Aggregator - Community

17. Describe a transit AS.
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.

18. You are interested in monitoring the use of your regular expressions for manipulating the BGP routing process. What command can you use to display routes matching the AS-path regular expression?
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.

19. What does a Type 7 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction

20. Name two Transitive BGP attributes.
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
Aggregator - Community

21. You need all redistributed networks to have a specified MED value. What command should you use?
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.

22. Another method is commonly used to solve the IBGP full mesh requirement. It involves the configuration of smaller sub-autonomous systems created within a primary autonomous system. What are these called?
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.

23. What is the administrative distance for IBGP?
200
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).

24. The four types of BGP messages.
Aggregator - Community
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
A site with a single ISP connection.

25. Given the fact that the BGP route selection process begins by excluding any route with an inaccessible next hop - What is the next route selection criteria that is used?
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost

26. Describe an autonomous system(AS).
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.

27. You are engaged in route filtering using regular expressions. How can you match any single character?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

28. What is the multicast address used by EIGRP for the sending of Hellos and routing updates?
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet

29. What are the three possible origin codes as specified by the origin attribute?
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command

30. Routing table
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply

31. In a LAN - to which router(s) does a DROTHER send an update?
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
Updates are sent to the DR.
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.

32. Open
BGP speakers
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.

33. What is the term for routing between Autonomous Systems?
Interdomain routing
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.

34. How many instances of BGP can be run on a single router?
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router

35. What is the Advertised Distance (AD) in EIGRP?
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.

36. You are utilizing the soft reconfiguration feature of Cisco IOS Release 12.x with BGP. You have completed the changes to filters and route maps that are applied on the outgoing information. What command should you execute?
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
The correct command is show ip bgp.

37. Name at least two reasons that an OSPF neighbor can be stuck in the INIT state:
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command

38. How can you change the amount of bandwidth that EIGRP consumes on an interface?
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
Aggregator - Community
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.

39. What is the command to change the cost of the default route used within a Totally Stubby area?
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of

40. Once adjacencies are established in the LAN and router information is being maintained - what step follows a router noticing a change and multicasting an LSU to 224.0.0.6?
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
200
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.

41. For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community

42. What is the purpose of the Type 2 DBD packet?
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
BGP is a path-vector protocol
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw

43. What does a Type 2 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded?
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.

44. You have local BGP routing policies you can enact - and you have global autonomous system policies that you can implement. What is the purpose of local preference - local or global?
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification

45. How do you ensure the router ID is changed on a device following the use of the router-id command?
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
200

46. How do you override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface?
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.

47. You have a hub and spoke topology - and you are using EIGRP as your IGP. You want only routes that you specify propagated from the spoke of your topology. What EIGRP feature allows you to configure this?
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.

48. Describe Internal BGP.
20
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.

49. You have a serial point-to-point connection in your OSPF-enabled WAN environment. Is there a DR/BDR election process in this environment by default?
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment

50. What is the meaning of the following regular expression: _200$
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.