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CCNP Route

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the effect of the network backdoor command in BGP?
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment

2. What is the command that you use to configure an area as Totally Stubby?
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.

3. What is the term for routers running BGP?
BGP speakers
BGP communicates over TCP port 179
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.

4. What is the term for BGP neighbors?
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
BGP peers

5. You need to advertise a default route into an area regardless of whether or not a default route exists on the router. What command do you use to configure this?
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate

6. You are considering the use of route maps in BGP for filtering purposes. Name at least five options for match clause criteria.
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type

7. You want to propagate a default route to other EIGRP speakers in the autonomous system. What command do you used to accomplish this?
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.

8. What is the correct command to view the BGP table on the local router?
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.
The correct command is show ip bgp.

9. What key design requirement of BGP does a BGP route reflector address?
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
The router passes the community information on unchanged.

10. What is the correct router configuration command that must be issued on all routers in an OSPF area to use the strongest authentication method possible?
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
Interdomain routing
BGP is a path-vector protocol
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.

11. When an area is configured as Totally Stubby - what LSAs are flooded into the area?
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask

12. Over which IP protocol does BGP communicate?
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
BGP communicates over TCP port 179
200
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.

13. You are utilizing the soft reconfiguration feature of Cisco IOS Release 12.x with BGP. You have completed the changes to filters and route maps that are applied on the outgoing information. What command should you execute?
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.

14. You need to distribute select BGP prefix information as specified in a prefix-list. What command do you use to enact this?
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
The command is applied on all routers in the area.

15. What are the two methods by which BGP injects local routes into the BGP table?
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.

16. You are considering designing an area as a stub area in OSPF. Which LSA types will still flow in this area?
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.

17. You can reduce the flooding of LSAs in a stable network topology with what command?

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18. What is the purpose of the Type 2 DBD packet?
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.

19. You need to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally. What command should you use?
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
Multi Exit Discriminator.
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.

20. You have a hub and spoke topology - and you are using EIGRP as your IGP. You want only routes that you specify propagated from the spoke of your topology. What EIGRP feature allows you to configure this?
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]

21. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O IA route designator. What does this signify?
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
The default cost of the default route is 1.
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.

22. Given the fact that the BGP route selection process begins by excluding any route with an inaccessible next hop - What is the next route selection criteria that is used?
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).
Border Gateway Protocol
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.

23. Name two Transitive BGP attributes.
Aggregator - Community
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.

24. What is the formula used by OSPF for the calculation of cost?

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25. What does a Type 1 LSA describe and Where is this LSA flooded?

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26. What is the administrative distance for EBGP?
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
20
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.

27. If you do not use the router-id command - how is the router ID selected on an OSPF speaking router?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.

28. What does a router do if that router does not support BGP communities and a route update appears with community information?
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
BGP speakers
The router passes the community information on unchanged.

29. Describe BGP loop prevention.

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30. What does BGP stand for?
Border Gateway Protocol
The default cost of the default route is 1.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.

31. You have configured the demand-circuit configuration in your OSPF network - but the link keeps coming up because of OSPF. Name at least three possible reasons for this.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
200

32. How do you override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface?
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.
Interdomain routing

33. Describe a dual-homed network.
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.

34. You are concerned that a flapping route is ruining the stability of your BGP network. What command allows the router to remove the update until it is proven to be more stable?
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
Aggregator - Community

35. Describe External BGP.
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet

36. You need to configure BGP community propagation for a large number of BGP neighbors. What is the ideal mechanism to use to assist with this configuration?
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.

37. What is the meaning of the following regular expression: _200$
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.

38. For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required

39. What are two possible causes for an ABR not to advertise a summary route?
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:

40. What are the actions used by an Outbound Route Filter (ORF) type of Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI)-based filtering (type 1)?
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
Interdomain routing
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer

41. What is the Advertised Distance (AD) in EIGRP?
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in

42. For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required? ________
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost

43. Routing table
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.
Interdomain routing
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.

44. Name a Nontransitive BGP attribute.
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
Multi Exit Discriminator.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer

45. If you want to modify parameters before inserting prefixes into the BGP table - you can use a route map. Name at least three reasons why this might be accomplished.
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
Updates are sent to the DR.

46. What does a Type 5 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.

47. Name at least one reason why an OSPF neighbor might be stuck in the LOADING state.
BGP speakers
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet

48. For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}

49. Why might an OSPF neighbor be stuck in the 2-WAY state?
BGP peers
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
Manually configured
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.

50. What is the Feasible Distance (FD) value in EIGRP?
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
Multi Exit Discriminator.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.