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CCNP Route

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. You need to distribute select BGP prefix information as specified in a prefix-list. What command do you use to enact this?
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
200
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}

2. You need to advertise a default route into an area regardless of whether or not a default route exists on the router. What command do you use to configure this?
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.

3. What is the command to configure a router as a BGP route reflector?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.

4. You can manipulate the administrative distance of three different types of OSPF routes. What are the three types?
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop

5. What is the default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution?
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client

6. You are interested in monitoring the use of your regular expressions for manipulating the BGP routing process. What command can you use to display routes matching the AS-path regular expression?
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
Updates are sent to the DR.

7. What is the default cost of the default route generated by the Totally Stubby configuration of OSPF area?
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.
The default cost of the default route is 1.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment

8. Describe a dual-multihomed network.
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.

9. You are considering manipulating the K values on an EIGRP router. Which routers in the EIGRP domain must have this configuration made?
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
20

10. What command do you use to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes?
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.

11. Describe a dual-homed network.
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom

12. What kind of routing protocol is run within an AS?
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)
The correct command is show ip bgp.
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.

13. What is the correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF?
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.

14. What is the Feasible Distance (FD) value in EIGRP?
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client

15. What is the meaning of the following regular expression: _200$
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.

16. For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
Interdomain routing
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.

17. Update
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of

18. By default - how much bandwidth does EIGRP consume on an interface for its operations?
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.

19. You need to send a route refresh message to a specific BGP-speaking neighbor. What is the correct command syntax to do so?
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of

20. Routing table
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.

21. What is the administrative distance for IBGP?
200
Interdomain routing
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
Updates are sent to the DR.

22. What is the term for routing between Autonomous Systems?
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
Interdomain routing
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.

23. In a LAN - with which router(s) does a DROTHER form an adjacency?
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.

24. You are considering the usage of manual route summarization in your EIGRP network. How is the metric calculated for the summary route.
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.

25. Name two Transitive BGP attributes.
Aggregator - Community
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]

26. You are considering the use of the weight attribute to influence route selection. Is a higher or lower weight preferred by Cisco routers?
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
Interdomain routing

27. To configure an OSPF area as Totally Stubby - which systems need to have the no-summary keyword configured?
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of

28. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O E1 route designator. What does this signify?
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:

29. You are utilizing the soft reconfiguration feature of Cisco IOS Release 12.x with BGP. You have completed the changes to filters and route maps that are applied on the outgoing information. What command should you execute?
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.

30. How do you ensure the router ID is changed on a device following the use of the router-id command?
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.

31. How many instances of BGP can be run on a single router?
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election

32. You need to suppress the periodic Hellos so that an ISDN link is not constantly enabled in a dial-on-demand routing (DDR) environment. What feature of OSPF should you use?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.

33. Name at least one reason that an OSPF neighbor can be stuck in the ATTEMPT state.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required

34. What is the feasible successor in EIGRP?
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.

35. You are considering the use of route maps in BGP for filtering purposes. Name at least five options for match clause criteria.
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type

36. For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required? ________
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.

37. What is the effect of the network backdoor command in BGP?
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.

38. Another method is commonly used to solve the IBGP full mesh requirement. It involves the configuration of smaller sub-autonomous systems created within a primary autonomous system. What are these called?
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
200

39. Describe a multihomed network.
The correct command is show ip bgp.
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.

40. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O E2 route designator. What does this signify?
Updates are sent to the DR.
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)

41. What IP protocol number is used by Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)?
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.

42. What kind of routing protocol is run between Autonomous Systems?
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all

43. When a BGP router receives an update from an EBGP neighbor - it must pass that update to its IBGP neighbors without changing the next-hop attribute. Therefore - IBGP routers must have a route to the network connecting their autonomous system to that
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.

44. Are BGP neighbors manually configured or automatically discovered?
Manually configured
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type

45. What does a Type 3 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.

46. What kind of routing protocol is BGP?
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
BGP is a path-vector protocol
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.

47. What is the Private autonomous system number range used in BGP?
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
Interdomain routing
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.

48. For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required

49. In a Not-So-Stubby Area - what router translates the Type 7 LSA - and What is the LSA translated into?
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
200

50. You are using the show ip eigrp topology command to troubleshoot your EIGRP network. You notice an entry is marked as Active. What does this indicate?
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.