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CCNP Route

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. In a LAN - to which router(s) does a DROTHER send an update?
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
Updates are sent to the DR.
Interdomain routing
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.

2. How is route tagging with communities actually accomplished in BGP?
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.

3. In a LAN - with which router(s) does a DROTHER form an adjacency?
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.

4. For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required? ________
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.

5. You are concerned that a flapping route is ruining the stability of your BGP network. What command allows the router to remove the update until it is proven to be more stable?
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.

6. How many instances of BGP can be run on a single router?
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask

7. What is the command that you use in EIGRP to control the load balancing across unequal cost paths?
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.

8. For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ - DR/BDR election required? ________
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election

9. Identify the command that can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment.
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.

10. What is the multicast address used by EIGRP for the sending of Hellos and routing updates?
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.

11. What technique can you use to ensure that a particular classless prefix is always advertised by a BGP-speaking router?
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all

12. What is the correct router configuration command that must be issued on all routers in an OSPF area to use the strongest authentication method possible?
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out

13. When configuring a Not-So-Stubby Area - Where is the appropriate configuration command applied?
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
BGP speakers
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
The command is applied on all routers in the area.

14. You are considering the use of a virtual link to connect an OSPF area to the backbone. This link is configured between two ABRs. These ABRs must not be part of what type of area?
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
Aggregator - Community
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.

15. You can reduce the flooding of LSAs in a stable network topology with what command?

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16. For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom

17. What are the three BGP route reception options?
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
BGP peers
Border Gateway Protocol

18. What is the correct command to configure community propagation to BGP neighbors?
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community

19. What is the default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution?
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.

20. You need to distribute select BGP prefix information as specified in a prefix-list. What command do you use to enact this?
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.

21. Describe a dual-homed network.
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.

22. When a BGP router receives an update from an EBGP neighbor - it must pass that update to its IBGP neighbors without changing the next-hop attribute. Therefore - IBGP routers must have a route to the network connecting their autonomous system to that
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.

23. Which of the Cisco OSPF nonbroadcast multiaccess (NBMA) modes of operation requires a full mesh topology?
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.

24. You need to apply a route map to updates that are received from a BGP neighbor. What is the command you use to configure this?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client

25. You are considering the usage of manual route summarization in your EIGRP network. How is the metric calculated for the summary route.
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown

26. What is the term for routing between Autonomous Systems?
Interdomain routing
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
BGP speakers
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.

27. What is the effect of the network backdoor command in BGP?
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.

28. You need to suppress the periodic Hellos so that an ISDN link is not constantly enabled in a dial-on-demand routing (DDR) environment. What feature of OSPF should you use?
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.

29. You need to advertise a default route into an area regardless of whether or not a default route exists on the router. What command do you use to configure this?
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.

30. You need to send a route refresh message to a specific BGP-speaking neighbor. What is the correct command syntax to do so?
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.

31. If you want to modify parameters before inserting prefixes into the BGP table - you can use a route map. Name at least three reasons why this might be accomplished.
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.

32. Open
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
Manually configured

33. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O E2 route designator. What does this signify?
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.

34. You are considering the use of route maps in BGP for filtering purposes. Name at least five options for match clause criteria.
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.

35. Update
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.

36. What IP protocol number is used by Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)?
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.

37. You need all redistributed networks to have a specified MED value. What command should you use?
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.

38. You have local BGP routing policies you can enact - and you have global autonomous system policies that you can implement. What is the purpose of local preference - local or global?
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.

39. For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.

40. You are interested in monitoring the use of your regular expressions for manipulating the BGP routing process. What command can you use to display routes matching the AS-path regular expression?
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.

41. What is the type number of the external routes permitted in a Not-So-Stubby OSPF area?
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command

42. How does EIGRP deal with a router that is slow in responding to reliable packets with acknowledgements?
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.

43. What does a Type 1 LSA describe and Where is this LSA flooded?

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44. Describe a single-homed network.
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
A site with a single ISP connection.

45. How can you temporarily disable a BGP neighborship?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]

46. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O route designator. What does this signify?
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.

47. What is the purpose of the Type 2 DBD packet?
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.

48. You are considering manipulating the K values on an EIGRP router. Which routers in the EIGRP domain must have this configuration made?
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.

49. Name two Discretionary Well-Known BGP attributes.
Aggregator - Community
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
BGP communicates over TCP port 179
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate

50. Name at least four BGP-related parameters that you can set with a route map.
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.