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CCNP Route

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. What is the correct syntax to find community attributes in routing updates?
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.

2. You need to advertise a default route into an area regardless of whether or not a default route exists on the router. What command do you use to configure this?
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.

3. You are considering the use of route maps in BGP for filtering purposes. Name at least five options for match clause criteria.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type

4. If you do not use the router-id command - how is the router ID selected on an OSPF speaking router?
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.

5. Another method is commonly used to solve the IBGP full mesh requirement. It involves the configuration of smaller sub-autonomous systems created within a primary autonomous system. What are these called?
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.

6. The four types of BGP messages.
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.

7. What is the term for BGP neighbors?
BGP peers
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
BGP communicates over TCP port 179

8. Which of the Cisco OSPF nonbroadcast multiaccess (NBMA) modes of operation requires a full mesh topology?
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable

9. You are considering manipulating the K values on an EIGRP router. Which routers in the EIGRP domain must have this configuration made?
Updates are sent to the DR.
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
200

10. Name two Transitive BGP attributes.
Aggregator - Community
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.
A site with a single ISP connection.
Border Gateway Protocol

11. What command do you use in OSPF to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR?
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
Interdomain routing
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.

12. BGP database - or Routing Information Base
Border Gateway Protocol
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.

13. What does a Type 5 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.

14. In a LAN - to which router(s) does a DROTHER send an update?
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
Updates are sent to the DR.
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.

15. What OSPF-related command allows you to reset the refbw value used in the formula for OSPF cost calculation?
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.

16. What does a Type 2 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded?
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.

17. You have local BGP routing policies you can enact - and you have global autonomous system policies that you can implement. What is the purpose of local preference - local or global?
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.

18. What is the default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution?
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.

19. You need to suppress the periodic Hellos so that an ISDN link is not constantly enabled in a dial-on-demand routing (DDR) environment. What feature of OSPF should you use?
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED

20. What does BGP stand for?
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.
Border Gateway Protocol
The default cost of the default route is 1.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.

21. In a Not-So-Stubby Area - what router translates the Type 7 LSA - and What is the LSA translated into?
BGP communicates over TCP port 179
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
The router passes the community information on unchanged.

22. What is the command to configure a router as a BGP route reflector?
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client

23. The metric of EIGRP is compatible with the metric of the earlier Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP). How do you convert the IGRP metric to the form of EIGRP?
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.

24. You can manipulate the administrative distance of three different types of OSPF routes. What are the three types?
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in

25. For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ - DR/BDR election required? ________
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.

26. For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required? ________
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.

27. What is the correct command to view the BGP table on the local router?
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.
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Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
The correct command is show ip bgp.

28. You are utilizing the soft reconfiguration feature of Cisco IOS Release 12.x with BGP. You have completed the changes to filters and route maps that are applied on the outgoing information. What command should you execute?
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.

29. What is the feasible successor in EIGRP?
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.

30. To what IP address does OSPF send packets destined for all OSPF routers in the LAN?
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.

31. You need to apply a route map to updates that are received from a BGP neighbor. What is the command you use to configure this?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.

32. You need to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally. What command should you use?
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment

33. What is the correct command to configure community propagation to BGP neighbors?
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask

34. What is the administrative distance for IBGP?
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
200
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.

35. What key design requirement of BGP does a BGP route reflector address?
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all

36. How do you ensure the router ID is changed on a device following the use of the router-id command?
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.

37. How can you change the amount of bandwidth that EIGRP consumes on an interface?
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
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38. Name at least four BGP-related parameters that you can set with a route map.
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.

39. Routing table
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
Updates are sent to the DR.
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.
BGP communicates over TCP port 179

40. Name at least two reasons that an OSPF neighbor can be stuck in the INIT state:
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.

41. You need to send a route refresh message to a specific BGP-speaking neighbor. What is the correct command syntax to do so?
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.

42. If you want to modify parameters before inserting prefixes into the BGP table - you can use a route map. Name at least three reasons why this might be accomplished.
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer

43. You are using the show ip eigrp topology command to troubleshoot your EIGRP network. You notice an entry is marked as Active. What does this indicate?
The default cost of the default route is 1.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.

44. What is the multicast address used by EIGRP for the sending of Hellos and routing updates?
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
The correct command is show ip bgp.
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
The router passes the community information on unchanged.

45. You can reduce the flooding of LSAs in a stable network topology with what command?

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46. When an EIGRP-speaking router receives Hello packets from a neighbor for the first time - How does the router respond if it has matching Hello parameters in the packet?
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]

47. You have a serial point-to-point connection in your OSPF-enabled WAN environment. Is there a DR/BDR election process in this environment by default?
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.
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The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.

48. You want to improve the troubleshooting capabilities of your administration of an OSPF network. You plan to do this by making sure you can ping each router ID of each router. How can you accomplish this?
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election

49. For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required

50. Name at least two standard filtering-oriented communities for use in BGP.
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP