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CCNP Route
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Subjects
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cisco
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it-skills
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ccnp
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. By default - how much bandwidth does EIGRP consume on an interface for its operations?
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
2. Name a Nontransitive BGP attribute.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
Aggregator - Community
Multi Exit Discriminator.
3. Once adjacencies are established in the LAN and router information is being maintained - what step follows a router noticing a change and multicasting an LSU to 224.0.0.6?
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
4. Are BGP neighbors manually configured or automatically discovered?
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
Manually configured
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
Interdomain routing
5. When configuring a Not-So-Stubby Area - Where is the appropriate configuration command applied?
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
Border Gateway Protocol
6. To what IP address does OSPF send packets destined for the Designated Router (DR) and Backup Designated Router (BDR) in the LAN?
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
7. What is the correct syntax to find community attributes in routing updates?
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
A site with a single ISP connection.
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
8. How is route tagging with communities actually accomplished in BGP?
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
9. How can a router qualify as a feasible successor in EIGRP?
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)
10. What is the default Hello interval for OSPF in a LAN?
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
11. You have configured the demand-circuit configuration in your OSPF network - but the link keeps coming up because of OSPF. Name at least three possible reasons for this.
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
12. How can you change the amount of bandwidth that EIGRP consumes on an interface?
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
13. To configure an OSPF area as Totally Stubby - which systems need to have the no-summary keyword configured?
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
14. What is the type number of the external routes permitted in a Not-So-Stubby OSPF area?
200
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
15. You are utilizing the soft reconfiguration feature of Cisco IOS Release 12.x with BGP. You have completed the changes to filters and route maps that are applied on the outgoing information. What command should you execute?
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
16. The four types of BGP messages.
The correct command is show ip bgp.
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
17. What is the correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF?
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
18. You are engaged in route filtering using regular expressions. How can you match any single character?
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19. How do you override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface?
200
Interdomain routing
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.
20. What is the Private autonomous system number range used in BGP?
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
21. What does a Type 7 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
Aggregator - Community
22. For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
23. Why might an OSPF neighbor be stuck in the 2-WAY state?
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
24. Notification
The correct command is show ip bgp.
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
25. For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ - DR/BDR election required? ________
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
BGP speakers
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
26. What IP protocol number is used by Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)?
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
27. The metric of EIGRP is compatible with the metric of the earlier Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP). How do you convert the IGRP metric to the form of EIGRP?
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
28. What are the actions used by an Outbound Route Filter (ORF) type of Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI)-based filtering (type 1)?
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
200
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
29. You are considering the use of a virtual link to connect an OSPF area to the backbone. This link is configured between two ABRs. These ABRs must not be part of what type of area?
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
30. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O route designator. What does this signify?
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
31. Which of the Cisco OSPF nonbroadcast multiaccess (NBMA) modes of operation requires a full mesh topology?
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
Manually configured
32. If you do not use the router-id command - how is the router ID selected on an OSPF speaking router?
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
33. What is the Feasible Distance (FD) value in EIGRP?
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
34. What is the default cost of the default route generated by the Totally Stubby configuration of OSPF area?
The default cost of the default route is 1.
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
35. Over which IP protocol does BGP communicate?
BGP communicates over TCP port 179
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.
36. You are considering the usage of manual route summarization in your EIGRP network. How is the metric calculated for the summary route.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
37. Name three Mandatory Well-Known BGP attributes.
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
38. For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
39. What is the default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution?
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
40. What command should you use to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router?
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
41. How many instances of BGP can be run on a single router?
Interdomain routing
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
42. What is the term for routers running BGP?
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
BGP speakers
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
43. What is the correct router configuration command that must be issued on all routers in an OSPF area to use the strongest authentication method possible?
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
Border Gateway Protocol
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
44. For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required? ________
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
45. You need to configure BGP community propagation for a large number of BGP neighbors. What is the ideal mechanism to use to assist with this configuration?
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
BGP peers
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
The default cost of the default route is 1.
46. What does a router do if that router does not support BGP communities and a route update appears with community information?
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
47. Name two Transitive BGP attributes.
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
Aggregator - Community
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
48. What is the default value of the MED attribute?
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
49. You need all redistributed networks to have a specified MED value. What command should you use?
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
50. What key design requirement of BGP does a BGP route reflector address?
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
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