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CCNP Route

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. Describe External BGP.
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
Updates are sent to the DR.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.

2. You are considering manipulating the K values on an EIGRP router. Which routers in the EIGRP domain must have this configuration made?
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.

3. What does BGP stand for?
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
Border Gateway Protocol

4. Notification
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.

5. How many instances of BGP can be run on a single router?
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router

6. Describe an autonomous system(AS).
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
A site with a single ISP connection.
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.

7. What is the Feasible Distance (FD) value in EIGRP?
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.

8. What technique can you use to ensure that a particular classless prefix is always advertised by a BGP-speaking router?
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command

9. For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election

10. The four types of BGP messages.
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
Manually configured

11. What is the administrative distance for EBGP?
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
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External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.

12. What is the effect of the network backdoor command in BGP?
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.

13. What are two possible causes for an ABR not to advertise a summary route?
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.

14. Are BGP neighbors manually configured or automatically discovered?
Manually configured
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.

15. Name at least two reasons why an OSPF neighbor might be stuck in the EXSTART/EXCHANGE state.
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.

16. You can reduce the flooding of LSAs in a stable network topology with what command?

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17. For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required? ________
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.

18. How can you temporarily disable a BGP neighborship?
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)

19. You are using the show ip eigrp topology command to troubleshoot your EIGRP network. You notice an entry is marked as Active. What does this indicate?
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.

20. What kind of routing protocol is BGP?
BGP is a path-vector protocol
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.

21. Name at least two standard filtering-oriented communities for use in BGP.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
BGP communicates over TCP port 179
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary

22. When an area is configured as Totally Stubby - what LSAs are flooded into the area?
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.

23. What is the type number of the external routes permitted in a Not-So-Stubby OSPF area?
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.

24. You have local BGP routing policies you can enact - and you have global autonomous system policies that you can implement. What is the purpose of local preference - local or global?
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.

25. Update
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
Manually configured
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.

26. You are considering the use of the weight attribute to influence route selection. Is a higher or lower weight preferred by Cisco routers?
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom

27. What is the correct router configuration command that must be issued on all routers in an OSPF area to use the strongest authentication method possible?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.

28. You need to apply a route map to updates that are received from a BGP neighbor. What is the command you use to configure this?
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.

29. You are considering the use of route maps in BGP for filtering purposes. Name at least five options for match clause criteria.
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type

30. You need to suppress the periodic Hellos so that an ISDN link is not constantly enabled in a dial-on-demand routing (DDR) environment. What feature of OSPF should you use?
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.

31. You need to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally. What command should you use?
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required

32. Describe Internal BGP.
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.

33. Regarding the establishment of OSPF adjacencies - which state follows the Exstart State?
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Aggregator - Community
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.

34. Name two Transitive BGP attributes.
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
Aggregator - Community

35. What is the correct syntax to find community attributes in routing updates?
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction

36. What is the command to change the cost of the default route used within a Totally Stubby area?
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
Manually configured

37. How can you change the amount of bandwidth that EIGRP consumes on an interface?
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.

38. When an EIGRP-speaking router receives Hello packets from a neighbor for the first time - How does the router respond if it has matching Hello parameters in the packet?
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
BGP speakers

39. What command do you use in OSPF to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR?
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.

40. What is the correct command to configure community propagation to BGP neighbors?
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router

41. You need all redistributed networks to have a specified MED value. What command should you use?
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.

42. By default - how much bandwidth does EIGRP consume on an interface for its operations?
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
200
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.

43. Keepalive
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.

44. What is the purpose of the Type 2 DBD packet?
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.

45. What does a Type 5 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
BGP is a path-vector protocol

46. You are utilizing the soft reconfiguration feature of Cisco IOS Release 12.x with BGP. You have completed the changes to filters and route maps that are applied on the outgoing information. What command should you execute?
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.

47. To what IP address does OSPF send packets destined for the Designated Router (DR) and Backup Designated Router (BDR) in the LAN?
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.

48. You are considering the use of a virtual link to connect an OSPF area to the backbone. This link is configured between two ABRs. These ABRs must not be part of what type of area?
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.

49. Name a Nontransitive BGP attribute.
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
Multi Exit Discriminator.
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.

50. What command do you use to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes?
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.