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CCNP Route

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Notification
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable

2. What is the effect of the network backdoor command in BGP?
BGP peers
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.

3. How do you ensure the router ID is changed on a device following the use of the router-id command?
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction

4. What is the IP protocol number used by Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)?
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.

5. You want to propagate a default route to other EIGRP speakers in the autonomous system. What command do you used to accomplish this?
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.

6. What are the three BGP route reception options?
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable

7. Describe a transit AS.
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
A site with a single ISP connection.

8. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O IA route designator. What does this signify?
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.

9. Routing table
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate

10. You have a serial point-to-point connection in your OSPF-enabled WAN environment. Is there a DR/BDR election process in this environment by default?
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.

11. If you want to modify parameters before inserting prefixes into the BGP table - you can use a route map. Name at least three reasons why this might be accomplished.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
Aggregator - Community
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED

12. You are considering the use of route maps in BGP for filtering purposes. Name at least five options for match clause criteria.
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown

13. What is the administrative distance for EBGP?
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
20
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop

14. How often are Hello packets sent on a point-to-point subinterface in an EIGRP environment?
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
The correct command is show ip bgp.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.

15. What is the term for routers running BGP?
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.
Manually configured
BGP is a path-vector protocol
BGP speakers

16. What is the term for BGP neighbors?
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
BGP peers

17. What is the command that you use to configure an area as Totally Stubby?
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary

18. You are considering the use of the weight attribute to influence route selection. Is a higher or lower weight preferred by Cisco routers?
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
Multi Exit Discriminator.
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.

19. What key design requirement of BGP does a BGP route reflector address?
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.

20. You need to send a route refresh message to a specific BGP-speaking neighbor. What is the correct command syntax to do so?
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.

21. What OSPF-related command allows you to reset the refbw value used in the formula for OSPF cost calculation?
BGP peers
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
BGP speakers

22. What is the type number of the external routes permitted in a Not-So-Stubby OSPF area?
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.

23. How does EIGRP deal with a router that is slow in responding to reliable packets with acknowledgements?
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.

24. What is the correct command to configure community propagation to BGP neighbors?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.
A site with a single ISP connection.
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.

25. Describe External BGP.
Multi Exit Discriminator.
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw

26. You need to suppress the periodic Hellos so that an ISDN link is not constantly enabled in a dial-on-demand routing (DDR) environment. What feature of OSPF should you use?
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)

27. What is the term for routing between Autonomous Systems?
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
Interdomain routing
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election

28. What is the default value of the MED attribute?
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.

29. Name three Mandatory Well-Known BGP attributes.
Interdomain routing
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.

30. When configuring a Not-So-Stubby Area - Where is the appropriate configuration command applied?
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
The command is applied on all routers in the area.

31. What is the correct command to view the BGP table on the local router?
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.
The correct command is show ip bgp.

32. You want to improve the troubleshooting capabilities of your administration of an OSPF network. You plan to do this by making sure you can ping each router ID of each router. How can you accomplish this?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type

33. Name a Nontransitive BGP attribute.
Multi Exit Discriminator.
Manually configured
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The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.

34. What is the Feasible Distance (FD) value in EIGRP?
A site with a single ISP connection.
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.

35. You have configured the demand-circuit configuration in your OSPF network - but the link keeps coming up because of OSPF. Name at least three possible reasons for this.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom

36. For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
Border Gateway Protocol

37. What technique can you use to ensure that a particular classless prefix is always advertised by a BGP-speaking router?
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.

38. You need to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally. What command should you use?
Interdomain routing
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.

39. Over which IP protocol does BGP communicate?
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
BGP communicates over TCP port 179
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom
A site with a single ISP connection.

40. What does BGP stand for?
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
Updates are sent to the DR.
Border Gateway Protocol

41. What are the actions used by an Outbound Route Filter (ORF) type of Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI)-based filtering (type 1)?
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.

42. Describe a dual-homed network.
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.

43. Which of the Cisco OSPF nonbroadcast multiaccess (NBMA) modes of operation requires a full mesh topology?
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.

44. What command do you use in OSPF to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR?
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.

45. The four types of BGP messages.
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification

46. Name at least two standard filtering-oriented communities for use in BGP.
A site with a single ISP connection.
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)

47. Describe a typical form that your communities can take.
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.

48. Name two Discretionary Well-Known BGP attributes.
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.

49. Describe a dual-multihomed network.
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown

50. In a LAN - to which router(s) does a DROTHER send an update?
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
Updates are sent to the DR.
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.