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CCNP Route

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How do you ensure the router ID is changed on a device following the use of the router-id command?
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.

2. Describe a dual-homed network.
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet

3. What kind of routing protocol is run between Autonomous Systems?
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
The correct command is show ip bgp.
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.

4. For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask

5. What is the term for routers running BGP?
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
BGP speakers
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election

6. What command do you use to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes?
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
Aggregator - Community
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]

7. How can you temporarily disable a BGP neighborship?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
Interdomain routing
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.

8. What is the type number of the external routes permitted in a Not-So-Stubby OSPF area?
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.

9. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O IA route designator. What does this signify?
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet

10. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O E1 route designator. What does this signify?
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of

11. The four types of BGP messages.
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
The correct command is show ip bgp.
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply

12. You want to improve the troubleshooting capabilities of your administration of an OSPF network. You plan to do this by making sure you can ping each router ID of each router. How can you accomplish this?
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
Manually configured
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom

13. When a BGP router receives an update from an EBGP neighbor - it must pass that update to its IBGP neighbors without changing the next-hop attribute. Therefore - IBGP routers must have a route to the network connecting their autonomous system to that
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
BGP speakers
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer

14. What is the command that you use in EIGRP to control the load balancing across unequal cost paths?
Aggregator - Community
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.

15. For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type

16. What does BGP stand for?
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
BGP speakers
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
Border Gateway Protocol

17. You are concerned that a flapping route is ruining the stability of your BGP network. What command allows the router to remove the update until it is proven to be more stable?
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
BGP is a path-vector protocol
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.

18. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O E2 route designator. What does this signify?
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
200
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.

19. What is the term for routing between Autonomous Systems?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
Interdomain routing
The router passes the community information on unchanged.

20. Why might an OSPF neighbor be stuck in the 2-WAY state?
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.

21. What IP protocol number is used by Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)?
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.

22. In a LAN - to which router(s) does a DROTHER send an update?
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
Updates are sent to the DR.

23. You are using the show ip eigrp topology command to troubleshoot your EIGRP network. You notice an entry is marked as Active. What does this indicate?
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.

24. What are the three BGP route reception options?
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.

25. What command should you use to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router?
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.

26. What is the default cost of the default route generated by the Totally Stubby configuration of OSPF area?
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
The default cost of the default route is 1.
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply

27. You have local BGP routing policies you can enact - and you have global autonomous system policies that you can implement. What is the purpose of local preference - local or global?
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
BGP peers

28. How often are Hello packets sent on a multipoint circuit with bandwidth less than T1 in an EIGRP environment?
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
Interdomain routing
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.

29. You can manipulate the administrative distance of three different types of OSPF routes. What are the three types?
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.

30. Describe BGP loop prevention.

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31. You are considering the use of route maps in BGP for filtering purposes. Name at least five options for match clause criteria.
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply

32. What does a Type 1 LSA describe and Where is this LSA flooded?

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33. What is the default value of the MED attribute?
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
BGP speakers
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.

34. What is the multicast address used by EIGRP for the sending of Hellos and routing updates?
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.

35. Name a Nontransitive BGP attribute.
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
Multi Exit Discriminator.
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.

36. Describe a typical form that your communities can take.
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]

37. How is route tagging with communities actually accomplished in BGP?
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
BGP peers
20

38. For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ - DR/BDR election required? ________
The correct command is show ip bgp.
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.

39. If you do not use the router-id command - how is the router ID selected on an OSPF speaking router?
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.

40. What is the command to change the cost of the default route used within a Totally Stubby area?
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.

41. Name at least two reasons why an OSPF neighbor might be stuck in the EXSTART/EXCHANGE state.
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer

42. What are the packets in an EIGRP environment that require an acknowledgement?
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.

43. How many instances of BGP can be run on a single router?
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
The correct command is show ip bgp.
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router

44. For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]

45. The metric of EIGRP contains a reliability component. What is the value that indicates a completely unreliable link?
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]

46. For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required? ________
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]

47. You need to suppress the periodic Hellos so that an ISDN link is not constantly enabled in a dial-on-demand routing (DDR) environment. What feature of OSPF should you use?
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.

48. What does a Type 7 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.

49. Describe Internal BGP.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
A site with a single ISP connection.
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply

50. Update
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask