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CCNP Route

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What does BGP stand for?
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
Border Gateway Protocol
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.

2. You have a hub and spoke topology - and you are using EIGRP as your IGP. You want only routes that you specify propagated from the spoke of your topology. What EIGRP feature allows you to configure this?
20
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.

3. What is the Feasible Distance (FD) value in EIGRP?
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.

4. What is the correct command to view the BGP table on the local router?
The correct command is show ip bgp.
A site with a single ISP connection.
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.

5. How many instances of BGP can be run on a single router?
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.

6. How does EIGRP deal with a router that is slow in responding to reliable packets with acknowledgements?
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.

7. Identify the command that can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment.
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]

8. To what IP address does OSPF send packets destined for the Designated Router (DR) and Backup Designated Router (BDR) in the LAN?
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.

9. What is the term for routers running BGP?
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
BGP speakers
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.

10. Name at least two reasons why an OSPF neighbor might be stuck in the EXSTART/EXCHANGE state.
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.

11. What does a Type 5 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.

12. In a LAN - to which router(s) does a DROTHER send an update?
Updates are sent to the DR.
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.
Aggregator - Community
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply

13. What does a router do if that router does not support BGP communities and a route update appears with community information?
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.

14. What is the effect of the network backdoor command in BGP?
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.

15. You want to improve the troubleshooting capabilities of your administration of an OSPF network. You plan to do this by making sure you can ping each router ID of each router. How can you accomplish this?
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.

16. What key design requirement of BGP does a BGP route reflector address?
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva

17. What is the Advertised Distance (AD) in EIGRP?
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.

18. You need to advertise a default route into an area regardless of whether or not a default route exists on the router. What command do you use to configure this?
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.

19. When a BGP router receives an update from an EBGP neighbor - it must pass that update to its IBGP neighbors without changing the next-hop attribute. Therefore - IBGP routers must have a route to the network connecting their autonomous system to that
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.

20. What kind of routing protocol is run between Autonomous Systems?
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
Border Gateway Protocol

21. To what IP address does OSPF send packets destined for all OSPF routers in the LAN?
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.

22. You have local BGP routing policies you can enact - and you have global autonomous system policies that you can implement. What is the purpose of local preference - local or global?
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
200
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.

23. You need to apply a route map to updates that are received from a BGP neighbor. What is the command you use to configure this?
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
A site with a single ISP connection.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
BGP speakers

24. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O E2 route designator. What does this signify?
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom

25. You are considering designing an area as a stub area in OSPF. Which LSA types will still flow in this area?
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.

26. You are utilizing the soft reconfiguration feature of Cisco IOS Release 12.x with BGP. You have completed the changes to filters and route maps that are applied on the outgoing information. What command should you execute?
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
BGP is a path-vector protocol
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out

27. Name at least one reason that an OSPF neighbor can be stuck in the ATTEMPT state.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.

28. How do you ensure the router ID is changed on a device following the use of the router-id command?
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.

29. What is the correct router configuration command that must be issued on all routers in an OSPF area to use the strongest authentication method possible?
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
200
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.

30. Describe BGP loop prevention.

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31. What command should you use to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router?
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable

32. Given the fact that the BGP route selection process begins by excluding any route with an inaccessible next hop - What is the next route selection criteria that is used?
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom

33. You are engaged in route filtering using regular expressions. How can you match any single character?

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34. What technique can you use to ensure that a particular classless prefix is always advertised by a BGP-speaking router?
Border Gateway Protocol
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.

35. What kind of routing protocol is BGP?
BGP is a path-vector protocol
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.

36. You have configured the demand-circuit configuration in your OSPF network - but the link keeps coming up because of OSPF. Name at least three possible reasons for this.
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable

37. Describe External BGP.
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.

38. How can you temporarily disable a BGP neighborship?
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.

39. Open
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.

40. Describe a single-homed network.
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
A site with a single ISP connection.
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.

41. Regarding the establishment of OSPF adjacencies - which state follows the Exstart State?
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.

42. For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.

43. How often are Hello packets sent on a multipoint circuit with bandwidth less than T1 in an EIGRP environment?
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election

44. For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ - DR/BDR election required? ________
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.

45. In a Not-So-Stubby Area - what router translates the Type 7 LSA - and What is the LSA translated into?
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.

46. Describe a dual-multihomed network.
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
20
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.

47. What is the command that you use in EIGRP to control the load balancing across unequal cost paths?
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.

48. Describe a dual-homed network.
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.

49. Update
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.

50. What is the default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution?
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.