Test your basic knowledge |

CCNP Route

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. When configuring a Not-So-Stubby Area - Where is the appropriate configuration command applied?
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.

2. You need to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally. What command should you use?
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.

3. What is the command that you use in EIGRP to control the load balancing across unequal cost paths?
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.

4. What key design requirement of BGP does a BGP route reflector address?
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction

5. What is the default link-state advertisement (LSA) aging timer?
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.

6. Are BGP neighbors manually configured or automatically discovered?
Manually configured
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.

7. What does a Type 3 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
Multi Exit Discriminator.
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.

8. What is the command that you use to configure an area as Totally Stubby?
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
Manually configured
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva

9. You are considering manipulating the K values on an EIGRP router. Which routers in the EIGRP domain must have this configuration made?
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
BGP is a path-vector protocol
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.

10. What command do you use in OSPF to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR?
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.

11. How does EIGRP deal with a router that is slow in responding to reliable packets with acknowledgements?
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.

12. What is the Private autonomous system number range used in BGP?
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.

13. What are the three BGP route reception options?
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.

14. For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
Multi Exit Discriminator.
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.

15. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O E2 route designator. What does this signify?
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.

16. Another method is commonly used to solve the IBGP full mesh requirement. It involves the configuration of smaller sub-autonomous systems created within a primary autonomous system. What are these called?
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.

17. What is the correct command to view the BGP table on the local router?
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
The correct command is show ip bgp.
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.

18. Name at least one reason that an OSPF neighbor can be stuck in the ATTEMPT state.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
20
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.

19. How often are Hello packets sent on a point-to-point subinterface in an EIGRP environment?
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.
20
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom

20. Describe BGP loop prevention.

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

21. What kind of routing protocol is run between Autonomous Systems?
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
BGP speakers

22. What kind of routing protocol is BGP?
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.
BGP is a path-vector protocol

23. Name at least one reason why an OSPF neighbor might be stuck in the LOADING state.
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
The default cost of the default route is 1.
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet

24. The metric of EIGRP is compatible with the metric of the earlier Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP). How do you convert the IGRP metric to the form of EIGRP?
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]

25. How many instances of BGP can be run on a single router?
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]

26. For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.

27. What does a Type 5 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:

28. What are the three possible origin codes as specified by the origin attribute?
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.

29. You need all redistributed networks to have a specified MED value. What command should you use?
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
A site with a single ISP connection.

30. What does BGP stand for?
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
Border Gateway Protocol
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP

31. Describe a single-homed network.
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
A site with a single ISP connection.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.

32. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O route designator. What does this signify?
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.

33. How is route tagging with communities actually accomplished in BGP?
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.

34. Describe a multihomed network.
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)

35. Describe a transit AS.
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.

36. When an area is configured as Totally Stubby - what LSAs are flooded into the area?
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)

37. Identify the command that can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment.
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all

38. Name three Mandatory Well-Known BGP attributes.
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all

39. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O E1 route designator. What does this signify?
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.

40. To what IP address does OSPF send packets destined for the Designated Router (DR) and Backup Designated Router (BDR) in the LAN?
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.

41. What is the correct router configuration command that must be issued on all routers in an OSPF area to use the strongest authentication method possible?
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable

42. Over which IP protocol does BGP communicate?
BGP communicates over TCP port 179
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction

43. When a BGP router receives an update from an EBGP neighbor - it must pass that update to its IBGP neighbors without changing the next-hop attribute. Therefore - IBGP routers must have a route to the network connecting their autonomous system to that
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.

44. In a LAN - to which router(s) does a DROTHER send an update?
Updates are sent to the DR.
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:

45. Which of the Cisco OSPF nonbroadcast multiaccess (NBMA) modes of operation requires a full mesh topology?
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
20
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.

46. Name a Nontransitive BGP attribute.
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
Multi Exit Discriminator.

47. What is the default Hello interval for OSPF in a LAN?
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.

48. What technique can you use to ensure that a particular classless prefix is always advertised by a BGP-speaking router?
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown

49. Regarding the establishment of OSPF adjacencies - which state follows the Exstart State?
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.

50. In a Not-So-Stubby Area - what router translates the Type 7 LSA - and What is the LSA translated into?
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.