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CCNP Route

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. What is the correct syntax to find community attributes in routing updates?
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election

2. What is the correct command to configure community propagation to BGP neighbors?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.

3. What is the default Hello interval for OSPF in a LAN?
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.

4. Over which IP protocol does BGP communicate?
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
BGP communicates over TCP port 179
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask

5. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O IA route designator. What does this signify?
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom

6. What is the formula used by OSPF for the calculation of cost?

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7. You want to propagate a default route to other EIGRP speakers in the autonomous system. What command do you used to accomplish this?
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
The correct command is show ip bgp.

8. When configuring a Not-So-Stubby Area - Where is the appropriate configuration command applied?
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.

9. What is the command to configure a router as a BGP route reflector?
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
BGP peers
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client

10. Regarding the establishment of OSPF adjacencies - which state follows the Exstart State?
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.

11. What are the packets in an EIGRP environment that require an acknowledgement?
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply

12. Describe Internal BGP.
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.

13. What does a Type 3 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
The correct command is show ip bgp.
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client

14. What does a Type 2 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded?
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable

15. Name at least two reasons why an OSPF neighbor might be stuck in the EXSTART/EXCHANGE state.
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.

16. What does a router do if that router does not support BGP communities and a route update appears with community information?
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.

17. You need to advertise a default route into an area regardless of whether or not a default route exists on the router. What command do you use to configure this?
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
The correct command is show ip bgp.

18. How is route tagging with communities actually accomplished in BGP?
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.

19. How can you change the amount of bandwidth that EIGRP consumes on an interface?
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
Aggregator - Community
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router

20. BGP database - or Routing Information Base
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.

21. What technique can you use to ensure that a particular classless prefix is always advertised by a BGP-speaking router?
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
200
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.

22. Name two Transitive BGP attributes.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
Aggregator - Community
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.

23. What is the correct command to view the BGP table on the local router?
The correct command is show ip bgp.
Interdomain routing
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.

24. You are considering the usage of manual route summarization in your EIGRP network. How is the metric calculated for the summary route.
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.

25. How can you temporarily disable a BGP neighborship?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply

26. You need to distribute select BGP prefix information as specified in a prefix-list. What command do you use to enact this?
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.

27. What is the term for routing between Autonomous Systems?
Interdomain routing
The correct command is show ip bgp.
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.

28. What is the meaning of the following regular expression: _200$
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
20
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.

29. When an area is configured as Totally Stubby - what LSAs are flooded into the area?
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.

30. To what IP address does OSPF send packets destined for the Designated Router (DR) and Backup Designated Router (BDR) in the LAN?
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.

31. What is the command to change the cost of the default route used within a Totally Stubby area?
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost
A site with a single ISP connection.
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.

32. What is the feasible successor in EIGRP?
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.

33. How do you ensure the router ID is changed on a device following the use of the router-id command?
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.

34. Describe a dual-homed network.
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.

35. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O E1 route designator. What does this signify?
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.

36. What does a Type 4 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.

37. The metric of EIGRP contains a reliability component. What is the value that indicates a completely unreliable link?
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.

38. What are the three BGP route reception options?
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.

39. What key design requirement of BGP does a BGP route reflector address?
Interdomain routing
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.

40. The four types of BGP messages.
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.

41. You have local BGP routing policies you can enact - and you have global autonomous system policies that you can implement. What is the purpose of local preference - local or global?
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
BGP communicates over TCP port 179
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.

42. You want to improve the troubleshooting capabilities of your administration of an OSPF network. You plan to do this by making sure you can ping each router ID of each router. How can you accomplish this?
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.

43. For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
Updates are sent to the DR.
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required

44. Name at least one reason that an OSPF neighbor can be stuck in the ATTEMPT state.
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command

45. For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
Border Gateway Protocol

46. Why might an OSPF neighbor be stuck in the 2-WAY state?
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
Border Gateway Protocol

47. What does BGP stand for?
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
Border Gateway Protocol
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.

48. What is the administrative distance for IBGP?
200
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.

49. Name two Discretionary Well-Known BGP attributes.
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.

50. For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required? ________
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.