Test your basic knowledge |

CCNP Route

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Describe External BGP.
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.

2. How do you ensure the router ID is changed on a device following the use of the router-id command?
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
20
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.

3. What is the command that you use in EIGRP to control the load balancing across unequal cost paths?
Border Gateway Protocol
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in

4. How often are Hello packets sent on a point-to-point subinterface in an EIGRP environment?
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
BGP peers
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.

5. You are utilizing the soft reconfiguration feature of Cisco IOS Release 12.x with BGP. You have completed the changes to filters and route maps that are applied on the outgoing information. What command should you execute?
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.

6. You have configured the demand-circuit configuration in your OSPF network - but the link keeps coming up because of OSPF. Name at least three possible reasons for this.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
Manually configured
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.

7. What are the three BGP route reception options?
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.
Border Gateway Protocol

8. You want to improve the troubleshooting capabilities of your administration of an OSPF network. You plan to do this by making sure you can ping each router ID of each router. How can you accomplish this?
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.

9. The metric of EIGRP contains a reliability component. What is the value that indicates a completely unreliable link?
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.

10. You want to propagate a default route to other EIGRP speakers in the autonomous system. What command do you used to accomplish this?
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.

11. If you want to modify parameters before inserting prefixes into the BGP table - you can use a route map. Name at least three reasons why this might be accomplished.
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)

12. What is the correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF?
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.

13. Name at least one reason that an OSPF neighbor can be stuck in the ATTEMPT state.
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification

14. By default - how much bandwidth does EIGRP consume on an interface for its operations?
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.

15. What OSPF-related command allows you to reset the refbw value used in the formula for OSPF cost calculation?
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
Manually configured
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.

16. When a BGP router receives an update from an EBGP neighbor - it must pass that update to its IBGP neighbors without changing the next-hop attribute. Therefore - IBGP routers must have a route to the network connecting their autonomous system to that
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election

17. What is the command that you use to configure an area as Totally Stubby?
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.

18. How often are Hello packets sent on a multipoint circuit with bandwidth less than T1 in an EIGRP environment?
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
The correct command is show ip bgp.

19. Name at least two reasons why an OSPF neighbor might be stuck in the EXSTART/EXCHANGE state.
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
200

20. What is the effect of the network backdoor command in BGP?
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]

21. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O route designator. What does this signify?
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.

22. What kind of routing protocol is run between Autonomous Systems?
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.

23. What is the default cost of the default route generated by the Totally Stubby configuration of OSPF area?
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
The default cost of the default route is 1.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.

24. What does a Type 4 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
Updates are sent to the DR.
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.

25. What is the term for BGP neighbors?
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
BGP peers
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.

26. How does EIGRP deal with a router that is slow in responding to reliable packets with acknowledgements?
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.

27. Describe a typical form that your communities can take.
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.

28. What are five possible reasons that the OSPF neighbor list might be empty when troubleshooting OSPF?
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election

29. What does a Type 7 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom
BGP is a path-vector protocol
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.

30. Describe a dual-homed network.
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.

31. What is the administrative distance for IBGP?
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
200

32. Which of the Cisco OSPF nonbroadcast multiaccess (NBMA) modes of operation requires a full mesh topology?
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.

33. What key design requirement of BGP does a BGP route reflector address?
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
Manually configured

34. What is the Advertised Distance (AD) in EIGRP?
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.

35. What is the formula used by OSPF for the calculation of cost?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

36. What is the type number of the external routes permitted in a Not-So-Stubby OSPF area?
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of

37. What does BGP stand for?
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
Border Gateway Protocol
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community

38. What is the command to change the cost of the default route used within a Totally Stubby area?
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost

39. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O IA route designator. What does this signify?
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.

40. What is the purpose of the Type 2 DBD packet?
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
Updates are sent to the DR.
Aggregator - Community
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.

41. What is the multicast address used by EIGRP for the sending of Hellos and routing updates?
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet

42. You have a hub and spoke topology - and you are using EIGRP as your IGP. You want only routes that you specify propagated from the spoke of your topology. What EIGRP feature allows you to configure this?
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.

43. You need to distribute select BGP prefix information as specified in a prefix-list. What command do you use to enact this?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.

44. Once adjacencies are established in the LAN and router information is being maintained - what step follows a router noticing a change and multicasting an LSU to 224.0.0.6?
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.

45. You need to send a route refresh message to a specific BGP-speaking neighbor. What is the correct command syntax to do so?
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.

46. What command should you use to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router?
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.

47. You need to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally. What command should you use?
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.

48. How is route tagging with communities actually accomplished in BGP?
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet

49. Are BGP neighbors manually configured or automatically discovered?
Manually configured
Aggregator - Community
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in

50. How can you temporarily disable a BGP neighborship?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.