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CCNP Route

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the default link-state advertisement (LSA) aging timer?
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.

2. You are using the show ip eigrp topology command to troubleshoot your EIGRP network. You notice an entry is marked as Active. What does this indicate?
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.

3. How do you override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface?
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom
Multi Exit Discriminator.
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}

4. You are considering the use of a virtual link to connect an OSPF area to the backbone. This link is configured between two ABRs. These ABRs must not be part of what type of area?
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate

5. What is the Feasible Distance (FD) value in EIGRP?
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Border Gateway Protocol
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.

6. What key design requirement of BGP does a BGP route reflector address?
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.

7. Describe Internal BGP.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.

8. What OSPF-related command allows you to reset the refbw value used in the formula for OSPF cost calculation?
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
A site with a single ISP connection.

9. To what IP address does OSPF send packets destined for all OSPF routers in the LAN?
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable

10. You want to propagate a default route to other EIGRP speakers in the autonomous system. What command do you used to accomplish this?
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.

11. What kind of routing protocol is run between Autonomous Systems?
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom

12. If you want to modify parameters before inserting prefixes into the BGP table - you can use a route map. Name at least three reasons why this might be accomplished.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom

13. What is the multicast address used by EIGRP for the sending of Hellos and routing updates?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.

14. You have configured the demand-circuit configuration in your OSPF network - but the link keeps coming up because of OSPF. Name at least three possible reasons for this.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
Multi Exit Discriminator.

15. How can a router qualify as a feasible successor in EIGRP?
200
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.

16. Name at least two reasons that an OSPF neighbor can be stuck in the INIT state:
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command

17. What does a Type 1 LSA describe and Where is this LSA flooded?

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18. What does a Type 7 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom

19. What technique can you use to ensure that a particular classless prefix is always advertised by a BGP-speaking router?
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
20
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.

20. What is the default value of the MED attribute?
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
The default cost of the default route is 1.
A site with a single ISP connection.
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.

21. How can you change the amount of bandwidth that EIGRP consumes on an interface?
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
BGP is a path-vector protocol
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required

22. What does BGP stand for?
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
Border Gateway Protocol
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.
200

23. To what IP address does OSPF send packets destined for the Designated Router (DR) and Backup Designated Router (BDR) in the LAN?
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out

24. What is the default Hello interval for OSPF in a LAN?
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.

25. Name a Nontransitive BGP attribute.
Multi Exit Discriminator.
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.

26. What is the correct command to configure community propagation to BGP neighbors?
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community

27. What command do you use in OSPF to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR?
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
Manually configured

28. Over which IP protocol does BGP communicate?
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
BGP communicates over TCP port 179

29. Identify the command that can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment.
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.

30. How many instances of BGP can be run on a single router?
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router

31. When an EIGRP-speaking router receives Hello packets from a neighbor for the first time - How does the router respond if it has matching Hello parameters in the packet?
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.

32. The four types of BGP messages.
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer

33. Name two Transitive BGP attributes.
Aggregator - Community
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.

34. Are BGP neighbors manually configured or automatically discovered?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
Manually configured
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.

35. By default - how much bandwidth does EIGRP consume on an interface for its operations?
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
Updates are sent to the DR.

36. What is the command syntax that you should use inside a route map to configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute to control the choice of a return path?
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
The default cost of the default route is 1.

37. What is the correct router configuration command that must be issued on all routers in an OSPF area to use the strongest authentication method possible?
Updates are sent to the DR.
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.

38. Describe a typical form that your communities can take.
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).

39. You are considering designing an area as a stub area in OSPF. Which LSA types will still flow in this area?
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.

40. What is the meaning of the following regular expression: _200$
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.

41. What is the type number of the external routes permitted in a Not-So-Stubby OSPF area?
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
20
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.

42. What is the term for BGP neighbors?
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
BGP peers

43. What is the default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution?
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.

44. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O E2 route designator. What does this signify?
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.

45. When an area is configured as Totally Stubby - what LSAs are flooded into the area?
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
BGP speakers
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.

46. You need to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally. What command should you use?
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
BGP peers
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.

47. You are considering manipulating the K values on an EIGRP router. Which routers in the EIGRP domain must have this configuration made?
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.

48. How do you ensure the router ID is changed on a device following the use of the router-id command?
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.

49. You need to distribute select BGP prefix information as specified in a prefix-list. What command do you use to enact this?
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.

50. Once adjacencies are established in the LAN and router information is being maintained - what step follows a router noticing a change and multicasting an LSU to 224.0.0.6?
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.