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CCNP Route

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. Describe External BGP.
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.

2. You have a hub and spoke topology - and you are using EIGRP as your IGP. You want only routes that you specify propagated from the spoke of your topology. What EIGRP feature allows you to configure this?
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
Aggregator - Community

3. How does EIGRP deal with a router that is slow in responding to reliable packets with acknowledgements?
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
Manually configured
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable

4. You can reduce the flooding of LSAs in a stable network topology with what command?

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5. How often are Hello packets sent on a multipoint circuit with bandwidth less than T1 in an EIGRP environment?
A site with a single ISP connection.
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.

6. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O route designator. What does this signify?
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.

7. How do you ensure the router ID is changed on a device following the use of the router-id command?
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.

8. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O E1 route designator. What does this signify?
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
BGP communicates over TCP port 179
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of

9. How is route tagging with communities actually accomplished in BGP?
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.

10. How many instances of BGP can be run on a single router?
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router

11. What is the correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF?
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.

12. What is the Advertised Distance (AD) in EIGRP?
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
Multi Exit Discriminator.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.

13. How can you change the amount of bandwidth that EIGRP consumes on an interface?
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.

14. You are concerned that a flapping route is ruining the stability of your BGP network. What command allows the router to remove the update until it is proven to be more stable?
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.

15. What are the three BGP route reception options?
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.

16. Are BGP neighbors manually configured or automatically discovered?
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
Manually configured

17. What kind of routing protocol is run between Autonomous Systems?
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.

18. What does a Type 1 LSA describe and Where is this LSA flooded?

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19. You are considering the use of a virtual link to connect an OSPF area to the backbone. This link is configured between two ABRs. These ABRs must not be part of what type of area?
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.

20. What IP protocol number is used by Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)?
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.

21. Describe BGP loop prevention.

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22. What is the term for routers running BGP?
BGP speakers
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.

23. What are two possible causes for an ABR not to advertise a summary route?
The correct command is show ip bgp.
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer

24. What is the feasible successor in EIGRP?
Interdomain routing
A site with a single ISP connection.
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.

25. In a LAN - to which router(s) does a DROTHER send an update?
The default cost of the default route is 1.
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
Updates are sent to the DR.

26. What does a router do if that router does not support BGP communities and a route update appears with community information?
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.

27. If you do not use the router-id command - how is the router ID selected on an OSPF speaking router?
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.

28. For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required

29. What is the command syntax that you should use inside a route map to configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute to control the choice of a return path?
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
BGP peers
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.

30. You need to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally. What command should you use?
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.

31. You want to improve the troubleshooting capabilities of your administration of an OSPF network. You plan to do this by making sure you can ping each router ID of each router. How can you accomplish this?
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.

32. You are considering the use of route maps in BGP for filtering purposes. Name at least five options for match clause criteria.
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.

33. What technique can you use to ensure that a particular classless prefix is always advertised by a BGP-speaking router?
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
Multi Exit Discriminator.

34. What kind of routing protocol is run within an AS?
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all

35. What is the effect of the network backdoor command in BGP?
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.

36. What is the correct router configuration command that must be issued on all routers in an OSPF area to use the strongest authentication method possible?
Border Gateway Protocol
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
BGP speakers
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.

37. How can a router qualify as a feasible successor in EIGRP?
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
The correct command is show ip bgp.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.

38. What key design requirement of BGP does a BGP route reflector address?
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.

39. What is the correct command to configure community propagation to BGP neighbors?
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.

40. What command do you use in OSPF to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR?
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required

41. Identify the command that can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment.
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
Manually configured
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.

42. You need to configure BGP community propagation for a large number of BGP neighbors. What is the ideal mechanism to use to assist with this configuration?
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.

43. What is the Private autonomous system number range used in BGP?
The default cost of the default route is 1.
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.

44. Describe a typical form that your communities can take.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment

45. When an area is configured as Totally Stubby - what LSAs are flooded into the area?
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.

46. What is the purpose of the Type 2 DBD packet?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.

47. What is the meaning of the following regular expression: _200$
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.

48. You are considering the usage of manual route summarization in your EIGRP network. How is the metric calculated for the summary route.
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
Border Gateway Protocol

49. Name two Discretionary Well-Known BGP attributes.
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.

50. For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election