Test your basic knowledge |

CCNP Route

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How often are Hello packets sent on a multipoint circuit with bandwidth less than T1 in an EIGRP environment?
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.

2. What is the command to configure a router as a BGP route reflector?
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command

3. You need to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally. What command should you use?
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.

4. What is the administrative distance for IBGP?
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
20
200
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.

5. Describe a dual-homed network.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
BGP speakers
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.

6. You are interested in monitoring the use of your regular expressions for manipulating the BGP routing process. What command can you use to display routes matching the AS-path regular expression?
BGP communicates over TCP port 179
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.

7. What is the term for routers running BGP?
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.
BGP speakers
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.

8. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O E1 route designator. What does this signify?
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.

9. Regarding the establishment of OSPF adjacencies - which state follows the Exstart State?
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
200
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.

10. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O route designator. What does this signify?
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.

11. For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in

12. By default - how much bandwidth does EIGRP consume on an interface for its operations?
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
Manually configured

13. What is the term for routing between Autonomous Systems?
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).
Updates are sent to the DR.
Interdomain routing
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.

14. What is the default link-state advertisement (LSA) aging timer?
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.

15. How do you override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface?
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
20
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.

16. Are BGP neighbors manually configured or automatically discovered?
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Manually configured
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.

17. What are the two methods by which BGP injects local routes into the BGP table?
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
BGP peers

18. You are considering the use of the weight attribute to influence route selection. Is a higher or lower weight preferred by Cisco routers?
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
BGP speakers
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.

19. You are engaged in route filtering using regular expressions. How can you match any single character?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

20. How does EIGRP deal with a router that is slow in responding to reliable packets with acknowledgements?
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
BGP is a path-vector protocol
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.

21. For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ - DR/BDR election required? ________
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.

22. How can you change the amount of bandwidth that EIGRP consumes on an interface?
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom

23. When an EIGRP-speaking router receives Hello packets from a neighbor for the first time - How does the router respond if it has matching Hello parameters in the packet?
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required

24. What does a router do if that router does not support BGP communities and a route update appears with community information?
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer

25. You need to distribute select BGP prefix information as specified in a prefix-list. What command do you use to enact this?
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate

26. What are the packets in an EIGRP environment that require an acknowledgement?
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
BGP communicates over TCP port 179
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]

27. What is the effect of the network backdoor command in BGP?
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.

28. What is the command that you use to configure an area as Totally Stubby?
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.

29. Keepalive
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election

30. Name at least one reason why an OSPF neighbor might be stuck in the LOADING state.
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
Multi Exit Discriminator.

31. Another method is commonly used to solve the IBGP full mesh requirement. It involves the configuration of smaller sub-autonomous systems created within a primary autonomous system. What are these called?
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.

32. Name at least two reasons that an OSPF neighbor can be stuck in the INIT state:
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.

33. What are the three possible origin codes as specified by the origin attribute?
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
Aggregator - Community
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.

34. What is the formula used by OSPF for the calculation of cost?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

35. What is the default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution?
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.

36. How often are Hello packets sent on a point-to-point subinterface in an EIGRP environment?
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction

37. The metric of EIGRP is compatible with the metric of the earlier Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP). How do you convert the IGRP metric to the form of EIGRP?
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.

38. What does a Type 3 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.

39. What is the administrative distance for EBGP?
BGP is a path-vector protocol
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
20
Updates are sent to the DR.

40. What is the multicast address used by EIGRP for the sending of Hellos and routing updates?
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.

41. If you want to modify parameters before inserting prefixes into the BGP table - you can use a route map. Name at least three reasons why this might be accomplished.
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.

42. Describe BGP loop prevention.

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

43. You can reduce the flooding of LSAs in a stable network topology with what command?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

44. You want to propagate a default route to other EIGRP speakers in the autonomous system. What command do you used to accomplish this?
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of

45. Name two Transitive BGP attributes.
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.
Aggregator - Community
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.

46. Why might an OSPF neighbor be stuck in the 2-WAY state?
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.

47. What are five possible reasons that the OSPF neighbor list might be empty when troubleshooting OSPF?
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.

48. What is the command syntax that you should use inside a route map to configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute to control the choice of a return path?
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.

49. Name two Discretionary Well-Known BGP attributes.
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer

50. Describe an autonomous system(AS).
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
Updates are sent to the DR.
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.