Test your basic knowledge |

CCNP Route

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How do you override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface?
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.

2. What does a Type 3 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.

3. When configuring a Not-So-Stubby Area - Where is the appropriate configuration command applied?
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.

4. What is the command to change the cost of the default route used within a Totally Stubby area?
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.

5. How can you temporarily disable a BGP neighborship?
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown

6. The metric of EIGRP is compatible with the metric of the earlier Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP). How do you convert the IGRP metric to the form of EIGRP?
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.

7. What is the correct router configuration command that must be issued on all routers in an OSPF area to use the strongest authentication method possible?
Manually configured
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.
Aggregator - Community
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.

8. How do you ensure the router ID is changed on a device following the use of the router-id command?
Multi Exit Discriminator.
Border Gateway Protocol
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.

9. Name at least four BGP-related parameters that you can set with a route map.
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.

10. Routing table
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.

11. If you want to modify parameters before inserting prefixes into the BGP table - you can use a route map. Name at least three reasons why this might be accomplished.
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.

12. What key design requirement of BGP does a BGP route reflector address?
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.

13. What is the meaning of the following regular expression: _200$
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.
Manually configured

14. What is the command that you use in EIGRP to control the load balancing across unequal cost paths?
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]

15. You have a hub and spoke topology - and you are using EIGRP as your IGP. You want only routes that you specify propagated from the spoke of your topology. What EIGRP feature allows you to configure this?
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.

16. What is the feasible successor in EIGRP?
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.

17. For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
A site with a single ISP connection.

18. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O IA route designator. What does this signify?
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply

19. Name at least one reason that an OSPF neighbor can be stuck in the ATTEMPT state.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
BGP speakers
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).

20. You want to propagate a default route to other EIGRP speakers in the autonomous system. What command do you used to accomplish this?
Border Gateway Protocol
BGP peers
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
The command is applied on all routers in the area.

21. What is the term for BGP neighbors?
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
BGP peers
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
The correct command is show ip bgp.

22. You need to distribute select BGP prefix information as specified in a prefix-list. What command do you use to enact this?
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.

23. You want to improve the troubleshooting capabilities of your administration of an OSPF network. You plan to do this by making sure you can ping each router ID of each router. How can you accomplish this?
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.

24. In a Not-So-Stubby Area - what router translates the Type 7 LSA - and What is the LSA translated into?
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.

25. What does a router do if that router does not support BGP communities and a route update appears with community information?
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
The command is applied on all routers in the area.

26. Describe Internal BGP.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.

27. What command do you use to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes?
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}

28. The metric of EIGRP contains a reliability component. What is the value that indicates a completely unreliable link?
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.
Interdomain routing

29. If you do not use the router-id command - how is the router ID selected on an OSPF speaking router?
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required

30. What is the Feasible Distance (FD) value in EIGRP?
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
Updates are sent to the DR.
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.

31. Why might an OSPF neighbor be stuck in the 2-WAY state?
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router

32. You need to configure BGP community propagation for a large number of BGP neighbors. What is the ideal mechanism to use to assist with this configuration?
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.

33. Describe External BGP.
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
BGP is a path-vector protocol
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.

34. Name at least two reasons why an OSPF neighbor might be stuck in the EXSTART/EXCHANGE state.
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
BGP speakers
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
BGP is a path-vector protocol

35. What are the three possible origin codes as specified by the origin attribute?
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
BGP peers
200
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.

36. How often are Hello packets sent on a point-to-point subinterface in an EIGRP environment?
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva

37. Notification
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.

38. What is the default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.

39. What are five possible reasons that the OSPF neighbor list might be empty when troubleshooting OSPF?
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva

40. You can reduce the flooding of LSAs in a stable network topology with what command?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

41. What is the IP protocol number used by Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)?
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.

42. What is the effect of the network backdoor command in BGP?
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.

43. Describe a multihomed network.
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.

44. What are the actions used by an Outbound Route Filter (ORF) type of Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI)-based filtering (type 1)?
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.

45. You are concerned that a flapping route is ruining the stability of your BGP network. What command allows the router to remove the update until it is proven to be more stable?
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.

46. What does a Type 1 LSA describe and Where is this LSA flooded?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

47. Name three Mandatory Well-Known BGP attributes.
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.

48. Keepalive
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.

49. What is the formula used by OSPF for the calculation of cost?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

50. In a LAN - with which router(s) does a DROTHER form an adjacency?
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
BGP is a path-vector protocol