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CCNP Route

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. What is the correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF?
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router
BGP communicates over TCP port 179
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary

2. What does a Type 5 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.

3. The four types of BGP messages.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
Aggregator - Community
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification

4. What does a router do if that router does not support BGP communities and a route update appears with community information?
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
The correct command is show ip bgp.
Border Gateway Protocol

5. You are using the show ip eigrp topology command to troubleshoot your EIGRP network. You notice an entry is marked as Active. What does this indicate?
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
200
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)

6. Name at least two reasons why an OSPF neighbor might be stuck in the EXSTART/EXCHANGE state.
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
BGP peers
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer

7. What are the three possible origin codes as specified by the origin attribute?
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.

8. Describe BGP loop prevention.

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9. What is the command syntax that you should use inside a route map to configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute to control the choice of a return path?
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.

10. What is the default link-state advertisement (LSA) aging timer?
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.

11. You are considering the usage of manual route summarization in your EIGRP network. How is the metric calculated for the summary route.
20
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.

12. Neighbor database
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.

13. What is the IP protocol number used by Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)?
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.

14. You are considering manipulating the K values on an EIGRP router. Which routers in the EIGRP domain must have this configuration made?
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.

15. How do you override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface?
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.

16. You have a hub and spoke topology - and you are using EIGRP as your IGP. You want only routes that you specify propagated from the spoke of your topology. What EIGRP feature allows you to configure this?
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.

17. How many instances of BGP can be run on a single router?
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.

18. What does a Type 2 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded?
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.

19. For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.

20. You need to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally. What command should you use?
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
200
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.

21. You are interested in monitoring the use of your regular expressions for manipulating the BGP routing process. What command can you use to display routes matching the AS-path regular expression?
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.

22. What is the multicast address used by EIGRP for the sending of Hellos and routing updates?
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.

23. What is the effect of the network backdoor command in BGP?
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type

24. What is the Advertised Distance (AD) in EIGRP?
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.

25. You need to send a route refresh message to a specific BGP-speaking neighbor. What is the correct command syntax to do so?
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in

26. Update
Updates are sent to the DR.
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
BGP is a path-vector protocol
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.

27. What command should you use to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router?
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.

28. Regarding the establishment of OSPF adjacencies - which state follows the Exstart State?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva

29. How often are Hello packets sent on a multipoint circuit with bandwidth less than T1 in an EIGRP environment?
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.

30. Name a Nontransitive BGP attribute.
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
Multi Exit Discriminator.
BGP peers
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.

31. What is the Private autonomous system number range used in BGP?
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
Multi Exit Discriminator.
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.

32. You have local BGP routing policies you can enact - and you have global autonomous system policies that you can implement. What is the purpose of local preference - local or global?
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.

33. Are BGP neighbors manually configured or automatically discovered?
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
Manually configured

34. Which of the Cisco OSPF nonbroadcast multiaccess (NBMA) modes of operation requires a full mesh topology?
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
Manually configured
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out

35. What is the command that you use in EIGRP to control the load balancing across unequal cost paths?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.

36. Given the fact that the BGP route selection process begins by excluding any route with an inaccessible next hop - What is the next route selection criteria that is used?
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
200

37. Describe External BGP.
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
200

38. Describe an autonomous system(AS).
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.

39. What key design requirement of BGP does a BGP route reflector address?
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.

40. To configure an OSPF area as Totally Stubby - which systems need to have the no-summary keyword configured?
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.

41. Describe a transit AS.
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.

42. What is the type number of the external routes permitted in a Not-So-Stubby OSPF area?
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.

43. You are utilizing the soft reconfiguration feature of Cisco IOS Release 12.x with BGP. You have completed the changes to filters and route maps that are applied on the outgoing information. What command should you execute?
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out

44. Another method is commonly used to solve the IBGP full mesh requirement. It involves the configuration of smaller sub-autonomous systems created within a primary autonomous system. What are these called?
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required

45. How can a router qualify as a feasible successor in EIGRP?
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown

46. Keepalive
The correct command is show ip bgp.
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment

47. Once adjacencies are established in the LAN and router information is being maintained - what step follows a router noticing a change and multicasting an LSU to 224.0.0.6?
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.

48. What is the command that you use to configure an area as Totally Stubby?
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.

49. You need all redistributed networks to have a specified MED value. What command should you use?
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown

50. What is the term for routing between Autonomous Systems?
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
Interdomain routing
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.