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CCNP Route

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Keepalive
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.

2. Name two Transitive BGP attributes.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
Aggregator - Community

3. You need to distribute select BGP prefix information as specified in a prefix-list. What command do you use to enact this?
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.

4. The metric of EIGRP contains a reliability component. What is the value that indicates a completely unreliable link?
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.

5. Regarding the establishment of OSPF adjacencies - which state follows the Exstart State?
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
20

6. What does a router do if that router does not support BGP communities and a route update appears with community information?
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
Multi Exit Discriminator.
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]

7. Describe a dual-multihomed network.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.

8. Once adjacencies are established in the LAN and router information is being maintained - what step follows a router noticing a change and multicasting an LSU to 224.0.0.6?
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)
BGP peers

9. What is the Advertised Distance (AD) in EIGRP?
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom

10. You need to send a route refresh message to a specific BGP-speaking neighbor. What is the correct command syntax to do so?
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
BGP peers
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.

11. What are the packets in an EIGRP environment that require an acknowledgement?
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.

12. What is the default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution?
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router

13. Notification
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.

14. You are considering the use of the weight attribute to influence route selection. Is a higher or lower weight preferred by Cisco routers?
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.
BGP peers
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.

15. You are interested in monitoring the use of your regular expressions for manipulating the BGP routing process. What command can you use to display routes matching the AS-path regular expression?
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.

16. For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ - DR/BDR election required? ________
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in

17. You have a serial point-to-point connection in your OSPF-enabled WAN environment. Is there a DR/BDR election process in this environment by default?
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required

18. Describe External BGP.
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router

19. Are BGP neighbors manually configured or automatically discovered?
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
Manually configured

20. You are considering the usage of manual route summarization in your EIGRP network. How is the metric calculated for the summary route.
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.

21. What is the term for routing between Autonomous Systems?
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.
Interdomain routing
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.

22. What does a Type 1 LSA describe and Where is this LSA flooded?

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23. How is route tagging with communities actually accomplished in BGP?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.

24. When configuring a Not-So-Stubby Area - Where is the appropriate configuration command applied?
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.

25. What is the type number of the external routes permitted in a Not-So-Stubby OSPF area?
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.

26. What does a Type 3 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.

27. What is the term for routers running BGP?
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
BGP speakers
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.

28. What is the command that you use in EIGRP to control the load balancing across unequal cost paths?
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply

29. What command do you use to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes?
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.

30. Name at least two standard filtering-oriented communities for use in BGP.
Manually configured
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.

31. Routing table
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.
Manually configured

32. Describe Internal BGP.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw

33. How can you temporarily disable a BGP neighborship?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown

34. What kind of routing protocol is BGP?
BGP is a path-vector protocol
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.

35. What is the IP protocol number used by Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)?
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.
BGP is a path-vector protocol

36. In a Not-So-Stubby Area - what router translates the Type 7 LSA - and What is the LSA translated into?
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.

37. What does a Type 4 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
The correct command is show ip bgp.
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.

38. You need to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally. What command should you use?
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}

39. What is the feasible successor in EIGRP?
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.

40. You are utilizing the soft reconfiguration feature of Cisco IOS Release 12.x with BGP. You have completed the changes to filters and route maps that are applied on the outgoing information. What command should you execute?
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.

41. You have local BGP routing policies you can enact - and you have global autonomous system policies that you can implement. What is the purpose of local preference - local or global?
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.

42. What is the correct router configuration command that must be issued on all routers in an OSPF area to use the strongest authentication method possible?
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate

43. In a LAN - with which router(s) does a DROTHER form an adjacency?
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer

44. What is the multicast address used by EIGRP for the sending of Hellos and routing updates?
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
A site with a single ISP connection.
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.

45. If you do not use the router-id command - how is the router ID selected on an OSPF speaking router?
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)

46. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O E2 route designator. What does this signify?
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.

47. What is the correct command to view the BGP table on the local router?
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
The correct command is show ip bgp.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.

48. Update
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.

49. Name at least four BGP-related parameters that you can set with a route map.
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.

50. You can manipulate the administrative distance of three different types of OSPF routes. What are the three types?
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.
Updates are sent to the DR.