Test your basic knowledge |

CCNP Route

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The metric of EIGRP is compatible with the metric of the earlier Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP). How do you convert the IGRP metric to the form of EIGRP?
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.

2. What are the actions used by an Outbound Route Filter (ORF) type of Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI)-based filtering (type 1)?
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.

3. In a LAN - with which router(s) does a DROTHER form an adjacency?
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.

4. Describe Internal BGP.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]

5. BGP database - or Routing Information Base
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.

6. What is the correct command to view the BGP table on the local router?
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
The correct command is show ip bgp.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.

7. What is the default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution?
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost

8. Name a Nontransitive BGP attribute.
Multi Exit Discriminator.
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.

9. You are engaged in route filtering using regular expressions. How can you match any single character?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

10. How do you override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface?
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.

11. What command should you use to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router?
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.

12. Describe External BGP.
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.

13. You need to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally. What command should you use?
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.

14. What does a Type 7 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required

15. What is the feasible successor in EIGRP?
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.

16. In a LAN - to which router(s) does a DROTHER send an update?
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
Updates are sent to the DR.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.

17. What does a Type 4 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.

18. What does a router do if that router does not support BGP communities and a route update appears with community information?
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost
The router passes the community information on unchanged.

19. You need all redistributed networks to have a specified MED value. What command should you use?
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.

20. What IP protocol number is used by Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)?
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.

21. What OSPF-related command allows you to reset the refbw value used in the formula for OSPF cost calculation?
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.

22. You need to send a route refresh message to a specific BGP-speaking neighbor. What is the correct command syntax to do so?
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
Aggregator - Community
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:

23. If you do not use the router-id command - how is the router ID selected on an OSPF speaking router?
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]

24. For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown

25. Describe an autonomous system(AS).
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.

26. Name at least four BGP-related parameters that you can set with a route map.
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)

27. You need to suppress the periodic Hellos so that an ISDN link is not constantly enabled in a dial-on-demand routing (DDR) environment. What feature of OSPF should you use?
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.

28. What does BGP stand for?
Border Gateway Protocol
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.

29. You have local BGP routing policies you can enact - and you have global autonomous system policies that you can implement. What is the purpose of local preference - local or global?
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
Aggregator - Community

30. How often are Hello packets sent on a point-to-point subinterface in an EIGRP environment?
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.

31. Open
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva

32. What are five possible reasons that the OSPF neighbor list might be empty when troubleshooting OSPF?
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.

33. You have configured the demand-circuit configuration in your OSPF network - but the link keeps coming up because of OSPF. Name at least three possible reasons for this.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.

34. Which of the Cisco OSPF nonbroadcast multiaccess (NBMA) modes of operation requires a full mesh topology?
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.

35. What is the correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF?
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer

36. Given the fact that the BGP route selection process begins by excluding any route with an inaccessible next hop - What is the next route selection criteria that is used?
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom

37. What is the administrative distance for EBGP?
20
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.

38. What is the default cost of the default route generated by the Totally Stubby configuration of OSPF area?
The default cost of the default route is 1.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.

39. What are the three possible origin codes as specified by the origin attribute?
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.

40. When a BGP router receives an update from an EBGP neighbor - it must pass that update to its IBGP neighbors without changing the next-hop attribute. Therefore - IBGP routers must have a route to the network connecting their autonomous system to that
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
Multi Exit Discriminator.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.

41. You are concerned that a flapping route is ruining the stability of your BGP network. What command allows the router to remove the update until it is proven to be more stable?
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.

42. You are considering the use of a virtual link to connect an OSPF area to the backbone. This link is configured between two ABRs. These ABRs must not be part of what type of area?
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP

43. How many instances of BGP can be run on a single router?
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router

44. What command do you use in OSPF to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR?
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask

45. Name at least two reasons why an OSPF neighbor might be stuck in the EXSTART/EXCHANGE state.
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.

46. How often are Hello packets sent on a multipoint circuit with bandwidth less than T1 in an EIGRP environment?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.

47. What is the correct syntax to find community attributes in routing updates?
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]

48. Routing table
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.

49. Describe a dual-multihomed network.
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.

50. Name at least one reason that an OSPF neighbor can be stuck in the ATTEMPT state.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.