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CCNP Route

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. What is the correct command to view the BGP table on the local router?
Manually configured
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
The correct command is show ip bgp.

2. What is the formula used by OSPF for the calculation of cost?

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3. For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required? ________
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
Updates are sent to the DR.
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required

4. What is the command syntax that you should use inside a route map to configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute to control the choice of a return path?
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.

5. You need to advertise a default route into an area regardless of whether or not a default route exists on the router. What command do you use to configure this?
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate

6. What is the type number of the external routes permitted in a Not-So-Stubby OSPF area?
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet

7. What is the Advertised Distance (AD) in EIGRP?
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.

8. What are the two methods by which BGP injects local routes into the BGP table?
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
BGP is a path-vector protocol

9. When configuring a Not-So-Stubby Area - Where is the appropriate configuration command applied?
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
BGP peers

10. For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ - DR/BDR election required? ________
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP

11. Describe an autonomous system(AS).
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply

12. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O IA route designator. What does this signify?
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.

13. What technique can you use to ensure that a particular classless prefix is always advertised by a BGP-speaking router?
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.

14. How do you override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface?
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.

15. Name a Nontransitive BGP attribute.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.
The default cost of the default route is 1.
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
Multi Exit Discriminator.

16. You are considering manipulating the K values on an EIGRP router. Which routers in the EIGRP domain must have this configuration made?
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.

17. What is the default value of the MED attribute?
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).

18. Describe a single-homed network.
A site with a single ISP connection.
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.

19. Given the fact that the BGP route selection process begins by excluding any route with an inaccessible next hop - What is the next route selection criteria that is used?
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
A site with a single ISP connection.
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).

20. Name three Mandatory Well-Known BGP attributes.
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
BGP peers
The correct command is show ip bgp.
Interdomain routing

21. What is the command that you use to configure an area as Totally Stubby?
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary

22. What are two possible causes for an ABR not to advertise a summary route?
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.

23. What is the default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution?
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.

24. You are interested in monitoring the use of your regular expressions for manipulating the BGP routing process. What command can you use to display routes matching the AS-path regular expression?
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.

25. What is the Feasible Distance (FD) value in EIGRP?
BGP communicates over TCP port 179
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.

26. What is the term for routers running BGP?
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
BGP speakers
The router passes the community information on unchanged.

27. How can a router qualify as a feasible successor in EIGRP?
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.

28. Name at least two reasons why an OSPF neighbor might be stuck in the EXSTART/EXCHANGE state.
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer

29. How do you ensure the router ID is changed on a device following the use of the router-id command?
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.

30. What does a Type 3 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
Aggregator - Community
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]

31. Name at least one reason that an OSPF neighbor can be stuck in the ATTEMPT state.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
BGP peers

32. What is the term for routing between Autonomous Systems?
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
Multi Exit Discriminator.
Interdomain routing

33. How does EIGRP deal with a router that is slow in responding to reliable packets with acknowledgements?
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
Multi Exit Discriminator.
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.

34. Identify the command that can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Manually configured

35. In a Not-So-Stubby Area - what router translates the Type 7 LSA - and What is the LSA translated into?
Interdomain routing
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.

36. You are concerned that a flapping route is ruining the stability of your BGP network. What command allows the router to remove the update until it is proven to be more stable?
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
BGP is a path-vector protocol
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.

37. You want to propagate a default route to other EIGRP speakers in the autonomous system. What command do you used to accomplish this?
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.

38. You can reduce the flooding of LSAs in a stable network topology with what command?

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39. To configure an OSPF area as Totally Stubby - which systems need to have the no-summary keyword configured?
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
Updates are sent to the DR.

40. What does a Type 2 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded?
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.

41. What are the three BGP route reception options?
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.

42. If you want to modify parameters before inserting prefixes into the BGP table - you can use a route map. Name at least three reasons why this might be accomplished.
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.

43. The metric of EIGRP is compatible with the metric of the earlier Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP). How do you convert the IGRP metric to the form of EIGRP?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election

44. What does a Type 4 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command

45. What does BGP stand for?
Border Gateway Protocol
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
Manually configured
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.

46. What are the three possible origin codes as specified by the origin attribute?
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.

47. For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.

48. What does a Type 7 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom

49. Update
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
200
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.

50. What is the default Hello interval for OSPF in a LAN?
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.