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CCNP Route

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. What is the default cost of the default route generated by the Totally Stubby configuration of OSPF area?
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
The default cost of the default route is 1.
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.

2. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O E1 route designator. What does this signify?
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
Multi Exit Discriminator.

3. You need to advertise a default route into an area regardless of whether or not a default route exists on the router. What command do you use to configure this?
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.

4. What is the Feasible Distance (FD) value in EIGRP?
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.

5. For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
BGP speakers

6. What does a Type 1 LSA describe and Where is this LSA flooded?

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7. What does a router do if that router does not support BGP communities and a route update appears with community information?
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
Updates are sent to the DR.
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.

8. Describe External BGP.
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.

9. What is the administrative distance for IBGP?
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
200

10. What OSPF-related command allows you to reset the refbw value used in the formula for OSPF cost calculation?
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
The command is applied on all routers in the area.

11. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O IA route designator. What does this signify?
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.

12. How does EIGRP deal with a router that is slow in responding to reliable packets with acknowledgements?
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.

13. What technique can you use to ensure that a particular classless prefix is always advertised by a BGP-speaking router?
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.

14. BGP database - or Routing Information Base
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
Border Gateway Protocol
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.

15. Describe BGP loop prevention.

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16. You are engaged in route filtering using regular expressions. How can you match any single character?

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17. Name at least one reason that an OSPF neighbor can be stuck in the ATTEMPT state.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.

18. The four types of BGP messages.
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.

19. Describe an autonomous system(AS).
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary

20. What is the feasible successor in EIGRP?
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
Interdomain routing

21. Identify the command that can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment.
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.

22. You are utilizing the soft reconfiguration feature of Cisco IOS Release 12.x with BGP. You have completed the changes to filters and route maps that are applied on the outgoing information. What command should you execute?
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out

23. What is the meaning of the following regular expression: _200$
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown

24. What does BGP stand for?
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
Border Gateway Protocol
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate

25. You are concerned that a flapping route is ruining the stability of your BGP network. What command allows the router to remove the update until it is proven to be more stable?
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
Manually configured

26. What is the term for BGP neighbors?
BGP peers
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
The router passes the community information on unchanged.

27. What is the purpose of the Type 2 DBD packet?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.

28. In a LAN - to which router(s) does a DROTHER send an update?
Updates are sent to the DR.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.

29. You are considering designing an area as a stub area in OSPF. Which LSA types will still flow in this area?
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.

30. You need to distribute select BGP prefix information as specified in a prefix-list. What command do you use to enact this?
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom
The default cost of the default route is 1.

31. What is the effect of the network backdoor command in BGP?
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.

32. What does a Type 3 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop

33. What is the correct command to view the BGP table on the local router?
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
The correct command is show ip bgp.
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.

34. You need to suppress the periodic Hellos so that an ISDN link is not constantly enabled in a dial-on-demand routing (DDR) environment. What feature of OSPF should you use?
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.

35. What kind of routing protocol is BGP?
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
BGP is a path-vector protocol
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.

36. Neighbor database
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.

37. Name two Discretionary Well-Known BGP attributes.
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
A site with a single ISP connection.
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate

38. What is the default link-state advertisement (LSA) aging timer?
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.

39. What is the multicast address used by EIGRP for the sending of Hellos and routing updates?
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.

40. If you want to modify parameters before inserting prefixes into the BGP table - you can use a route map. Name at least three reasons why this might be accomplished.
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
BGP is a path-vector protocol
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED

41. Name at least four BGP-related parameters that you can set with a route map.
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.

42. What is the term for routing between Autonomous Systems?
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
Interdomain routing

43. What is the Private autonomous system number range used in BGP?
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.

44. What is the default value of the MED attribute?
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.

45. You are considering the use of route maps in BGP for filtering purposes. Name at least five options for match clause criteria.
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type

46. What is the command to configure a router as a BGP route reflector?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.

47. Describe Internal BGP.
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.

48. What is the correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF?
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.

49. Describe a dual-multihomed network.
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.

50. What is the formula used by OSPF for the calculation of cost?

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