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CCNP Route

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. What is the type number of the external routes permitted in a Not-So-Stubby OSPF area?
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.

2. What is the correct command to view the BGP table on the local router?
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
The correct command is show ip bgp.
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.

3. The metric of EIGRP contains a reliability component. What is the value that indicates a completely unreliable link?
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.

4. Name two Transitive BGP attributes.
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.
Aggregator - Community
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.

5. What is the command that you use in EIGRP to control the load balancing across unequal cost paths?
200
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.

6. How is route tagging with communities actually accomplished in BGP?
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
20
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction

7. You need to distribute select BGP prefix information as specified in a prefix-list. What command do you use to enact this?
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}

8. What is the correct syntax to find community attributes in routing updates?
A site with a single ISP connection.
BGP speakers
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown

9. You are engaged in route filtering using regular expressions. How can you match any single character?

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10. How often are Hello packets sent on a point-to-point subinterface in an EIGRP environment?
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.

11. What is the term for routing between Autonomous Systems?
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
Interdomain routing
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.

12. By default - how much bandwidth does EIGRP consume on an interface for its operations?
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.

13. You can manipulate the administrative distance of three different types of OSPF routes. What are the three types?
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.

14. You need to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally. What command should you use?
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.

15. What is the command to configure a router as a BGP route reflector?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
20
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva

16. What are the three possible origin codes as specified by the origin attribute?
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of

17. What is the Advertised Distance (AD) in EIGRP?
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.

18. What is the administrative distance for IBGP?
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
200
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP

19. What are the actions used by an Outbound Route Filter (ORF) type of Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI)-based filtering (type 1)?
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
The default cost of the default route is 1.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer

20. What is the IP protocol number used by Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)?
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.

21. Name at least four BGP-related parameters that you can set with a route map.
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
BGP peers
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification

22. In a Not-So-Stubby Area - what router translates the Type 7 LSA - and What is the LSA translated into?
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.

23. Describe a multihomed network.
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.

24. What are the three BGP route reception options?
BGP communicates over TCP port 179
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
The default cost of the default route is 1.

25. The four types of BGP messages.
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification

26. What is the default link-state advertisement (LSA) aging timer?
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification

27. For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
The correct command is show ip bgp.
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election

28. What is the command to change the cost of the default route used within a Totally Stubby area?
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost

29. You need to apply a route map to updates that are received from a BGP neighbor. What is the command you use to configure this?
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.

30. For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.

31. What is the correct router configuration command that must be issued on all routers in an OSPF area to use the strongest authentication method possible?
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out

32. Identify the command that can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment.
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
BGP speakers

33. How can you change the amount of bandwidth that EIGRP consumes on an interface?
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
Interdomain routing
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.

34. What does a Type 5 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
The correct command is show ip bgp.
Multi Exit Discriminator.
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.

35. What kind of routing protocol is run within an AS?
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate

36. What does a Type 4 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in

37. Describe External BGP.
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.

38. What does a Type 2 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded?
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.

39. What is the default Hello interval for OSPF in a LAN?
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.

40. Describe a single-homed network.
A site with a single ISP connection.
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.

41. What command should you use to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router?
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.

42. What does a Type 7 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
BGP is a path-vector protocol
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom

43. How do you ensure the router ID is changed on a device following the use of the router-id command?
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.

44. Routing table
Aggregator - Community
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.
Border Gateway Protocol

45. If you want to modify parameters before inserting prefixes into the BGP table - you can use a route map. Name at least three reasons why this might be accomplished.
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
BGP is a path-vector protocol
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED

46. What does a router do if that router does not support BGP communities and a route update appears with community information?
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.

47. When an EIGRP-speaking router receives Hello packets from a neighbor for the first time - How does the router respond if it has matching Hello parameters in the packet?
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
A site with a single ISP connection.
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.

48. What are the two methods by which BGP injects local routes into the BGP table?
BGP is a path-vector protocol
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.

49. What is the default cost of the default route generated by the Totally Stubby configuration of OSPF area?
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
The default cost of the default route is 1.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.

50. What is the effect of the network backdoor command in BGP?
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
Multi Exit Discriminator.
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.