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CCNP Route

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. You are utilizing the soft reconfiguration feature of Cisco IOS Release 12.x with BGP. You have completed the changes to filters and route maps that are applied on the outgoing information. What command should you execute?
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
BGP communicates over TCP port 179
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out

2. What is the formula used by OSPF for the calculation of cost?

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3. What is the command that you use in EIGRP to control the load balancing across unequal cost paths?
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.

4. What kind of routing protocol is BGP?
BGP is a path-vector protocol
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.

5. The metric of EIGRP is compatible with the metric of the earlier Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP). How do you convert the IGRP metric to the form of EIGRP?
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
Manually configured
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.

6. For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required? ________
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.

7. Describe External BGP.
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.

8. You need to send a route refresh message to a specific BGP-speaking neighbor. What is the correct command syntax to do so?
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
Updates are sent to the DR.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in

9. What is the type number of the external routes permitted in a Not-So-Stubby OSPF area?
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.

10. For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.

11. What is the correct syntax to find community attributes in routing updates?
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.

12. You are considering manipulating the K values on an EIGRP router. Which routers in the EIGRP domain must have this configuration made?
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost

13. Name two Discretionary Well-Known BGP attributes.
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.

14. You are considering the use of route maps in BGP for filtering purposes. Name at least five options for match clause criteria.
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.

15. What is the IP protocol number used by Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)?
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.

16. What is the command that you use to configure an area as Totally Stubby?
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
Updates are sent to the DR.
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary

17. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O E1 route designator. What does this signify?
Multi Exit Discriminator.
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost

18. Name at least one reason that an OSPF neighbor can be stuck in the ATTEMPT state.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.
Aggregator - Community
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.

19. What are the two methods by which BGP injects local routes into the BGP table?
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.

20. You are considering the use of a virtual link to connect an OSPF area to the backbone. This link is configured between two ABRs. These ABRs must not be part of what type of area?
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.

21. What are the packets in an EIGRP environment that require an acknowledgement?
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.

22. In a LAN - with which router(s) does a DROTHER form an adjacency?
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer

23. Open
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.

24. Which of the Cisco OSPF nonbroadcast multiaccess (NBMA) modes of operation requires a full mesh topology?
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.

25. What is the default Hello interval for OSPF in a LAN?
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]

26. What is the correct command to configure community propagation to BGP neighbors?
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer

27. Describe a transit AS.
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.

28. To what IP address does OSPF send packets destined for the Designated Router (DR) and Backup Designated Router (BDR) in the LAN?
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
The correct command is show ip bgp.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.

29. You want to propagate a default route to other EIGRP speakers in the autonomous system. What command do you used to accomplish this?
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.

30. What are the three possible origin codes as specified by the origin attribute?
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.

31. Describe a dual-homed network.
BGP peers
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.

32. You can manipulate the administrative distance of three different types of OSPF routes. What are the three types?
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.

33. You are considering designing an area as a stub area in OSPF. Which LSA types will still flow in this area?
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.

34. Over which IP protocol does BGP communicate?
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
Manually configured
BGP communicates over TCP port 179

35. What is the correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF?
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]

36. How can you temporarily disable a BGP neighborship?
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown

37. When a BGP router receives an update from an EBGP neighbor - it must pass that update to its IBGP neighbors without changing the next-hop attribute. Therefore - IBGP routers must have a route to the network connecting their autonomous system to that
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.

38. What is the correct command to view the BGP table on the local router?
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
The correct command is show ip bgp.
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required

39. What is the correct router configuration command that must be issued on all routers in an OSPF area to use the strongest authentication method possible?
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community

40. What does a Type 1 LSA describe and Where is this LSA flooded?

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41. You have a hub and spoke topology - and you are using EIGRP as your IGP. You want only routes that you specify propagated from the spoke of your topology. What EIGRP feature allows you to configure this?
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP

42. You are using the show ip eigrp topology command to troubleshoot your EIGRP network. You notice an entry is marked as Active. What does this indicate?
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.

43. What does a Type 7 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
BGP is a path-vector protocol
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification

44. For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.

45. The metric of EIGRP contains a reliability component. What is the value that indicates a completely unreliable link?
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.
BGP speakers

46. When configuring a Not-So-Stubby Area - Where is the appropriate configuration command applied?
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.

47. Name at least two reasons that an OSPF neighbor can be stuck in the INIT state:
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required

48. You have local BGP routing policies you can enact - and you have global autonomous system policies that you can implement. What is the purpose of local preference - local or global?
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva

49. You are engaged in route filtering using regular expressions. How can you match any single character?

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50. You need to configure BGP community propagation for a large number of BGP neighbors. What is the ideal mechanism to use to assist with this configuration?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command