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CCNP Route

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. You want to improve the troubleshooting capabilities of your administration of an OSPF network. You plan to do this by making sure you can ping each router ID of each router. How can you accomplish this?
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type

2. You need to configure BGP community propagation for a large number of BGP neighbors. What is the ideal mechanism to use to assist with this configuration?
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.

3. What is the correct command to configure community propagation to BGP neighbors?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.

4. What is the correct syntax to find community attributes in routing updates?
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
200

5. For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
A site with a single ISP connection.
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.

6. You need all redistributed networks to have a specified MED value. What command should you use?
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
Border Gateway Protocol

7. For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ - DR/BDR election required? ________
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.

8. What is the command syntax that you should use inside a route map to configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute to control the choice of a return path?
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.

9. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O IA route designator. What does this signify?
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.

10. What are five possible reasons that the OSPF neighbor list might be empty when troubleshooting OSPF?
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all

11. What are the three BGP route reception options?
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification

12. What key design requirement of BGP does a BGP route reflector address?
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required

13. The four types of BGP messages.
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
The correct command is show ip bgp.
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.

14. What is the Advertised Distance (AD) in EIGRP?
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
A site with a single ISP connection.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.

15. What are the three possible origin codes as specified by the origin attribute?
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
Multi Exit Discriminator.
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.

16. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O route designator. What does this signify?
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election

17. How often are Hello packets sent on a point-to-point subinterface in an EIGRP environment?
BGP communicates over TCP port 179
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
200

18. You can reduce the flooding of LSAs in a stable network topology with what command?

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19. Describe a dual-multihomed network.
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
Border Gateway Protocol
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.

20. What is the term for routers running BGP?
BGP speakers
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
Updates are sent to the DR.
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.

21. Which of the Cisco OSPF nonbroadcast multiaccess (NBMA) modes of operation requires a full mesh topology?
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost

22. What does a Type 5 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]

23. How do you ensure the router ID is changed on a device following the use of the router-id command?
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.

24. What does a router do if that router does not support BGP communities and a route update appears with community information?
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client

25. You need to suppress the periodic Hellos so that an ISDN link is not constantly enabled in a dial-on-demand routing (DDR) environment. What feature of OSPF should you use?
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.

26. How can you temporarily disable a BGP neighborship?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.

27. How can a router qualify as a feasible successor in EIGRP?
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.

28. Name at least two reasons that an OSPF neighbor can be stuck in the INIT state:
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
BGP is a path-vector protocol

29. The metric of EIGRP contains a reliability component. What is the value that indicates a completely unreliable link?
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.

30. Routing table
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer

31. What is the purpose of the Type 2 DBD packet?
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.

32. What command should you use to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router?
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.

33. When an EIGRP-speaking router receives Hello packets from a neighbor for the first time - How does the router respond if it has matching Hello parameters in the packet?
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.

34. In a Not-So-Stubby Area - what router translates the Type 7 LSA - and What is the LSA translated into?
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]

35. You have configured the demand-circuit configuration in your OSPF network - but the link keeps coming up because of OSPF. Name at least three possible reasons for this.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.

36. The metric of EIGRP is compatible with the metric of the earlier Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP). How do you convert the IGRP metric to the form of EIGRP?
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate

37. By default - how much bandwidth does EIGRP consume on an interface for its operations?
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom

38. What is the default value of the MED attribute?
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
A site with a single ISP connection.

39. When a BGP router receives an update from an EBGP neighbor - it must pass that update to its IBGP neighbors without changing the next-hop attribute. Therefore - IBGP routers must have a route to the network connecting their autonomous system to that
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.

40. You are concerned that a flapping route is ruining the stability of your BGP network. What command allows the router to remove the update until it is proven to be more stable?
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.

41. Given the fact that the BGP route selection process begins by excluding any route with an inaccessible next hop - What is the next route selection criteria that is used?
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.

42. Describe an autonomous system(AS).
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.

43. What is the correct command to view the BGP table on the local router?
The correct command is show ip bgp.
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]

44. You are engaged in route filtering using regular expressions. How can you match any single character?

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45. What is the term for routing between Autonomous Systems?
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
Interdomain routing
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate

46. You are considering the usage of manual route summarization in your EIGRP network. How is the metric calculated for the summary route.
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.

47. What is the command to configure a router as a BGP route reflector?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.

48. Name two Transitive BGP attributes.
Aggregator - Community
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]

49. Another method is commonly used to solve the IBGP full mesh requirement. It involves the configuration of smaller sub-autonomous systems created within a primary autonomous system. What are these called?
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.

50. Describe BGP loop prevention.

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