Test your basic knowledge |

CCNP Route

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Describe a dual-homed network.
BGP peers
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.

2. You are engaged in route filtering using regular expressions. How can you match any single character?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

3. Describe an autonomous system(AS).
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
BGP speakers
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.

4. What is the effect of the network backdoor command in BGP?
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.
200
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.

5. Describe a typical form that your communities can take.
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva

6. What command do you use to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes?
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
200

7. What is the correct command to configure community propagation to BGP neighbors?
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
Aggregator - Community
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community

8. When a BGP router receives an update from an EBGP neighbor - it must pass that update to its IBGP neighbors without changing the next-hop attribute. Therefore - IBGP routers must have a route to the network connecting their autonomous system to that
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.

9. Name at least four BGP-related parameters that you can set with a route map.
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.

10. How often are Hello packets sent on a point-to-point subinterface in an EIGRP environment?
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
Updates are sent to the DR.
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.

11. You need to advertise a default route into an area regardless of whether or not a default route exists on the router. What command do you use to configure this?
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
200

12. What does a Type 7 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom

13. How can you change the amount of bandwidth that EIGRP consumes on an interface?
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.

14. What is the purpose of the Type 2 DBD packet?
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.

15. Name three Mandatory Well-Known BGP attributes.
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop

16. What kind of routing protocol is BGP?
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
BGP is a path-vector protocol

17. What is the feasible successor in EIGRP?
Interdomain routing
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate

18. You need to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally. What command should you use?
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.

19. Identify the command that can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment.
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED

20. For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of

21. Name at least one reason why an OSPF neighbor might be stuck in the LOADING state.
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.

22. When an area is configured as Totally Stubby - what LSAs are flooded into the area?
BGP is a path-vector protocol
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.

23. What does a Type 4 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.
Interdomain routing
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP

24. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O E1 route designator. What does this signify?
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.

25. You are considering the use of a virtual link to connect an OSPF area to the backbone. This link is configured between two ABRs. These ABRs must not be part of what type of area?
BGP is a path-vector protocol
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.

26. What are the packets in an EIGRP environment that require an acknowledgement?
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.

27. You need to suppress the periodic Hellos so that an ISDN link is not constantly enabled in a dial-on-demand routing (DDR) environment. What feature of OSPF should you use?
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.

28. You are considering the use of route maps in BGP for filtering purposes. Name at least five options for match clause criteria.
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.

29. You are considering manipulating the K values on an EIGRP router. Which routers in the EIGRP domain must have this configuration made?
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
The default cost of the default route is 1.

30. What is the default link-state advertisement (LSA) aging timer?
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.

31. You want to improve the troubleshooting capabilities of your administration of an OSPF network. You plan to do this by making sure you can ping each router ID of each router. How can you accomplish this?
Interdomain routing
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.

32. What is the term for routing between Autonomous Systems?
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Interdomain routing
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.

33. What are the three possible origin codes as specified by the origin attribute?
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.

34. BGP database - or Routing Information Base
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.
BGP communicates over TCP port 179

35. Name at least two reasons that an OSPF neighbor can be stuck in the INIT state:
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.

36. You can reduce the flooding of LSAs in a stable network topology with what command?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

37. Are BGP neighbors manually configured or automatically discovered?
Manually configured
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.

38. Given the fact that the BGP route selection process begins by excluding any route with an inaccessible next hop - What is the next route selection criteria that is used?
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown

39. How do you override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface?
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)

40. How does EIGRP deal with a router that is slow in responding to reliable packets with acknowledgements?
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.

41. What is the default Hello interval for OSPF in a LAN?
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required

42. How many instances of BGP can be run on a single router?
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router

43. What is the administrative distance for IBGP?
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
Border Gateway Protocol
200
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.

44. What is the formula used by OSPF for the calculation of cost?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

45. Routing table
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.

46. For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ - DR/BDR election required? ________
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.

47. Describe External BGP.
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost

48. What does a Type 3 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.

49. The metric of EIGRP contains a reliability component. What is the value that indicates a completely unreliable link?
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.

50. What are the actions used by an Outbound Route Filter (ORF) type of Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI)-based filtering (type 1)?
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.