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CCNP Route

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. What is the effect of the network backdoor command in BGP?
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
BGP peers
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate

2. You can reduce the flooding of LSAs in a stable network topology with what command?

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3. The metric of EIGRP is compatible with the metric of the earlier Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP). How do you convert the IGRP metric to the form of EIGRP?
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.

4. You need to apply a route map to updates that are received from a BGP neighbor. What is the command you use to configure this?
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
Multi Exit Discriminator.
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.

5. Once adjacencies are established in the LAN and router information is being maintained - what step follows a router noticing a change and multicasting an LSU to 224.0.0.6?
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.

6. You need all redistributed networks to have a specified MED value. What command should you use?
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.

7. To what IP address does OSPF send packets destined for all OSPF routers in the LAN?
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command

8. What command do you use to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes?
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).

9. Describe a dual-multihomed network.
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.

10. You are concerned that a flapping route is ruining the stability of your BGP network. What command allows the router to remove the update until it is proven to be more stable?
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.
BGP peers

11. Which of the Cisco OSPF nonbroadcast multiaccess (NBMA) modes of operation requires a full mesh topology?
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.

12. What command should you use to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router?
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.

13. How does EIGRP deal with a router that is slow in responding to reliable packets with acknowledgements?
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.

14. Describe a single-homed network.
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
A site with a single ISP connection.

15. For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ - DR/BDR election required? ________
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.

16. What is the default cost of the default route generated by the Totally Stubby configuration of OSPF area?
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
The default cost of the default route is 1.
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.

17. You are considering manipulating the K values on an EIGRP router. Which routers in the EIGRP domain must have this configuration made?
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.

18. What is the command that you use to configure an area as Totally Stubby?
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.

19. How is route tagging with communities actually accomplished in BGP?
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
BGP communicates over TCP port 179
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
Border Gateway Protocol

20. Describe Internal BGP.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
Multi Exit Discriminator.

21. What is the default link-state advertisement (LSA) aging timer?
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
Updates are sent to the DR.
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.

22. What is the IP protocol number used by Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)?
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.

23. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O E1 route designator. What does this signify?
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost

24. What is the Feasible Distance (FD) value in EIGRP?
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]

25. Name a Nontransitive BGP attribute.
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
Multi Exit Discriminator.
BGP communicates over TCP port 179
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.

26. You want to improve the troubleshooting capabilities of your administration of an OSPF network. You plan to do this by making sure you can ping each router ID of each router. How can you accomplish this?
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.

27. How often are Hello packets sent on a point-to-point subinterface in an EIGRP environment?
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.

28. What is the administrative distance for EBGP?
20
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.

29. What is the correct command to configure community propagation to BGP neighbors?
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
BGP speakers
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.

30. What is the command that you use in EIGRP to control the load balancing across unequal cost paths?
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.

31. When configuring a Not-So-Stubby Area - Where is the appropriate configuration command applied?
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.

32. What does a Type 7 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
Interdomain routing
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom

33. Regarding the establishment of OSPF adjacencies - which state follows the Exstart State?
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
Updates are sent to the DR.
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.

34. The four types of BGP messages.
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
Updates are sent to the DR.
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.

35. Describe External BGP.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
The command is applied on all routers in the area.

36. In a Not-So-Stubby Area - what router translates the Type 7 LSA - and What is the LSA translated into?
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP

37. Describe BGP loop prevention.

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38. Name at least one reason why an OSPF neighbor might be stuck in the LOADING state.
BGP is a path-vector protocol
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.

39. What is the default value of the MED attribute?
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
The correct command is show ip bgp.

40. What is the command to change the cost of the default route used within a Totally Stubby area?
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
The command is applied on all routers in the area.

41. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O IA route designator. What does this signify?
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom

42. What is the Advertised Distance (AD) in EIGRP?
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
The default cost of the default route is 1.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.

43. Routing table
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.
Aggregator - Community
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}

44. You need to send a route refresh message to a specific BGP-speaking neighbor. What is the correct command syntax to do so?
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
The default cost of the default route is 1.

45. Open
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.

46. What is the correct command to view the BGP table on the local router?
A site with a single ISP connection.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
The correct command is show ip bgp.

47. What are the three possible origin codes as specified by the origin attribute?
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.

48. What are the two methods by which BGP injects local routes into the BGP table?
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.

49. What is the term for routers running BGP?
BGP speakers
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.

50. You are considering designing an area as a stub area in OSPF. Which LSA types will still flow in this area?
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
The correct command is show ip bgp.