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CCNP Route

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the command that you use in EIGRP to control the load balancing across unequal cost paths?
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
Updates are sent to the DR.
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.

2. You are considering the use of a virtual link to connect an OSPF area to the backbone. This link is configured between two ABRs. These ABRs must not be part of what type of area?
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client

3. Update
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.

4. What does a Type 7 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
200
Updates are sent to the DR.
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom
BGP speakers

5. What is the term for BGP neighbors?
BGP peers
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment

6. Name at least two standard filtering-oriented communities for use in BGP.
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.

7. What is the multicast address used by EIGRP for the sending of Hellos and routing updates?
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out

8. What are the two methods by which BGP injects local routes into the BGP table?
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
200
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.

9. How do you ensure the router ID is changed on a device following the use of the router-id command?
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.

10. Keepalive
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.

11. What command do you use in OSPF to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR?
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
Updates are sent to the DR.
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop

12. You need to suppress the periodic Hellos so that an ISDN link is not constantly enabled in a dial-on-demand routing (DDR) environment. What feature of OSPF should you use?
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out

13. For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ - DR/BDR election required? ________
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP

14. Which of the Cisco OSPF nonbroadcast multiaccess (NBMA) modes of operation requires a full mesh topology?
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
Multi Exit Discriminator.
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.

15. How many instances of BGP can be run on a single router?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router

16. What command do you use to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes?
BGP is a path-vector protocol
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]

17. What is the term for routing between Autonomous Systems?
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
Manually configured
Interdomain routing

18. The metric of EIGRP contains a reliability component. What is the value that indicates a completely unreliable link?
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.

19. You need to distribute select BGP prefix information as specified in a prefix-list. What command do you use to enact this?
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}

20. What is the administrative distance for IBGP?
200
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.

21. Describe Internal BGP.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.

22. Describe a dual-homed network.
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.

23. What is the correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF?
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
BGP is a path-vector protocol

24. Name a Nontransitive BGP attribute.
BGP is a path-vector protocol
Multi Exit Discriminator.
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.

25. How can a router qualify as a feasible successor in EIGRP?
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
Multi Exit Discriminator.
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.

26. You are considering the use of the weight attribute to influence route selection. Is a higher or lower weight preferred by Cisco routers?
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.

27. What are five possible reasons that the OSPF neighbor list might be empty when troubleshooting OSPF?
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva

28. You have a serial point-to-point connection in your OSPF-enabled WAN environment. Is there a DR/BDR election process in this environment by default?
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.

29. What is the command to configure a router as a BGP route reflector?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment

30. What are the three BGP route reception options?
BGP peers
Border Gateway Protocol
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.

31. What is the term for routers running BGP?
BGP speakers
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.

32. What is the Feasible Distance (FD) value in EIGRP?
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.

33. What is the meaning of the following regular expression: _200$
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}

34. How often are Hello packets sent on a multipoint circuit with bandwidth less than T1 in an EIGRP environment?
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
BGP speakers
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.

35. What is the purpose of the Type 2 DBD packet?
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.

36. What kind of routing protocol is BGP?
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
Multi Exit Discriminator.
Interdomain routing
BGP is a path-vector protocol

37. How often are Hello packets sent on a point-to-point subinterface in an EIGRP environment?
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
Interdomain routing
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment

38. Name three Mandatory Well-Known BGP attributes.
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
Interdomain routing

39. For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command

40. What is the default cost of the default route generated by the Totally Stubby configuration of OSPF area?
Interdomain routing
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
The default cost of the default route is 1.
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED

41. Notification
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.
BGP peers
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.

42. What is the correct syntax to find community attributes in routing updates?
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]

43. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O E1 route designator. What does this signify?
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.

44. You have local BGP routing policies you can enact - and you have global autonomous system policies that you can implement. What is the purpose of local preference - local or global?
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.

45. BGP database - or Routing Information Base
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.

46. Why might an OSPF neighbor be stuck in the 2-WAY state?
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.

47. When an area is configured as Totally Stubby - what LSAs are flooded into the area?
Aggregator - Community
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.

48. In a LAN - with which router(s) does a DROTHER form an adjacency?
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.

49. If you want to modify parameters before inserting prefixes into the BGP table - you can use a route map. Name at least three reasons why this might be accomplished.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.

50. When configuring a Not-So-Stubby Area - Where is the appropriate configuration command applied?
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.
The command is applied on all routers in the area.