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CCNP Route

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What technique can you use to ensure that a particular classless prefix is always advertised by a BGP-speaking router?
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
Manually configured
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.

2. Open
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.

3. You can manipulate the administrative distance of three different types of OSPF routes. What are the three types?
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election

4. For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
BGP peers
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply

5. You have configured the demand-circuit configuration in your OSPF network - but the link keeps coming up because of OSPF. Name at least three possible reasons for this.
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
The router passes the community information on unchanged.

6. You are concerned that a flapping route is ruining the stability of your BGP network. What command allows the router to remove the update until it is proven to be more stable?
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.

7. What is the correct syntax to find community attributes in routing updates?
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.

8. What is the default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution?
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply

9. What is the Private autonomous system number range used in BGP?
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.

10. Describe Internal BGP.
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.

11. What is the IP protocol number used by Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)?
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.

12. If you want to modify parameters before inserting prefixes into the BGP table - you can use a route map. Name at least three reasons why this might be accomplished.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.

13. You are considering the use of the weight attribute to influence route selection. Is a higher or lower weight preferred by Cisco routers?
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment

14. You need to distribute select BGP prefix information as specified in a prefix-list. What command do you use to enact this?
200
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.

15. You want to propagate a default route to other EIGRP speakers in the autonomous system. What command do you used to accomplish this?
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
20
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.

16. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O E2 route designator. What does this signify?
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask

17. You are using the show ip eigrp topology command to troubleshoot your EIGRP network. You notice an entry is marked as Active. What does this indicate?
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.

18. What is the command to configure a router as a BGP route reflector?
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate

19. Regarding the establishment of OSPF adjacencies - which state follows the Exstart State?
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.

20. What are the three BGP route reception options?
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary

21. You are considering manipulating the K values on an EIGRP router. Which routers in the EIGRP domain must have this configuration made?
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community

22. What does a Type 2 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded?
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.

23. How is route tagging with communities actually accomplished in BGP?
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.

24. How can a router qualify as a feasible successor in EIGRP?
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
Interdomain routing

25. Name at least four BGP-related parameters that you can set with a route map.
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.

26. BGP database - or Routing Information Base
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.

27. Describe a single-homed network.
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.
A site with a single ISP connection.
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.

28. What are the three possible origin codes as specified by the origin attribute?
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.

29. Keepalive
A site with a single ISP connection.
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.

30. What is the Advertised Distance (AD) in EIGRP?
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown

31. What are five possible reasons that the OSPF neighbor list might be empty when troubleshooting OSPF?
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
The default cost of the default route is 1.

32. What is the administrative distance for IBGP?
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
200

33. Name at least two reasons why an OSPF neighbor might be stuck in the EXSTART/EXCHANGE state.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer

34. To what IP address does OSPF send packets destined for the Designated Router (DR) and Backup Designated Router (BDR) in the LAN?
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.

35. You are considering the usage of manual route summarization in your EIGRP network. How is the metric calculated for the summary route.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.

36. You need to configure BGP community propagation for a large number of BGP neighbors. What is the ideal mechanism to use to assist with this configuration?
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
Multi Exit Discriminator.
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.

37. What kind of routing protocol is run between Autonomous Systems?
Multi Exit Discriminator.
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
The command is applied on all routers in the area.

38. You are considering the use of route maps in BGP for filtering purposes. Name at least five options for match clause criteria.
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type

39. Over which IP protocol does BGP communicate?
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
BGP communicates over TCP port 179
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate

40. How many instances of BGP can be run on a single router?
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.

41. For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ - DR/BDR election required? ________
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election

42. Given the fact that the BGP route selection process begins by excluding any route with an inaccessible next hop - What is the next route selection criteria that is used?
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.

43. What is the correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF?
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.

44. What command do you use in OSPF to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR?
Manually configured
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.

45. What is the correct command to view the BGP table on the local router?
The correct command is show ip bgp.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.

46. Name two Discretionary Well-Known BGP attributes.
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
Aggregator - Community

47. What is the term for routing between Autonomous Systems?
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.
Interdomain routing
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.

48. What are the actions used by an Outbound Route Filter (ORF) type of Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI)-based filtering (type 1)?
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer

49. You need to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally. What command should you use?
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.

50. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O IA route designator. What does this signify?
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
Updates are sent to the DR.
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.