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CCNP Route

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. Name at least two standard filtering-oriented communities for use in BGP.
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.

2. Name at least one reason why an OSPF neighbor might be stuck in the LOADING state.
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]

3. What is the default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution?
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]

4. Describe External BGP.
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)

5. What are the packets in an EIGRP environment that require an acknowledgement?
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply

6. You are interested in monitoring the use of your regular expressions for manipulating the BGP routing process. What command can you use to display routes matching the AS-path regular expression?
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown

7. When a BGP router receives an update from an EBGP neighbor - it must pass that update to its IBGP neighbors without changing the next-hop attribute. Therefore - IBGP routers must have a route to the network connecting their autonomous system to that
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.

8. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O IA route designator. What does this signify?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.

9. Once adjacencies are established in the LAN and router information is being maintained - what step follows a router noticing a change and multicasting an LSU to 224.0.0.6?
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.

10. You have a serial point-to-point connection in your OSPF-enabled WAN environment. Is there a DR/BDR election process in this environment by default?
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
BGP peers
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.

11. What is the command to configure a router as a BGP route reflector?
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom

12. Regarding the establishment of OSPF adjacencies - which state follows the Exstart State?
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router

13. What is the command that you use to configure an area as Totally Stubby?
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
Multi Exit Discriminator.

14. Given the fact that the BGP route selection process begins by excluding any route with an inaccessible next hop - What is the next route selection criteria that is used?
The correct command is show ip bgp.
BGP peers
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).

15. What is the Advertised Distance (AD) in EIGRP?
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
Manually configured

16. Name three Mandatory Well-Known BGP attributes.
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate

17. What is the Private autonomous system number range used in BGP?
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.

18. In a Not-So-Stubby Area - what router translates the Type 7 LSA - and What is the LSA translated into?
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
200
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.

19. When configuring a Not-So-Stubby Area - Where is the appropriate configuration command applied?
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.

20. You are using the show ip eigrp topology command to troubleshoot your EIGRP network. You notice an entry is marked as Active. What does this indicate?
BGP is a path-vector protocol
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.

21. How do you override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface?
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.

22. How can you temporarily disable a BGP neighborship?
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.

23. What IP protocol number is used by Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)?
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.

24. When an area is configured as Totally Stubby - what LSAs are flooded into the area?
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
A site with a single ISP connection.

25. What is the Feasible Distance (FD) value in EIGRP?
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate

26. You are considering the use of the weight attribute to influence route selection. Is a higher or lower weight preferred by Cisco routers?
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
Multi Exit Discriminator.

27. Identify the command that can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment.
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask

28. Name at least two reasons that an OSPF neighbor can be stuck in the INIT state:
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
BGP peers
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.

29. For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.

30. What is the command that you use in EIGRP to control the load balancing across unequal cost paths?
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.

31. If you do not use the router-id command - how is the router ID selected on an OSPF speaking router?
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.

32. What are the three BGP route reception options?
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.

33. What is the correct command to configure community propagation to BGP neighbors?
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.

34. For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.

35. Why might an OSPF neighbor be stuck in the 2-WAY state?
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.

36. What are five possible reasons that the OSPF neighbor list might be empty when troubleshooting OSPF?
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.

37. You have local BGP routing policies you can enact - and you have global autonomous system policies that you can implement. What is the purpose of local preference - local or global?
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer

38. What does a Type 5 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.

39. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O E2 route designator. What does this signify?
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop

40. What does a Type 4 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.

41. If you want to modify parameters before inserting prefixes into the BGP table - you can use a route map. Name at least three reasons why this might be accomplished.
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED

42. What is the default link-state advertisement (LSA) aging timer?
20
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.

43. Describe a dual-multihomed network.
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]

44. What command should you use to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router?
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.

45. Keepalive
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.

46. Neighbor database
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
BGP peers
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command

47. You are considering the use of route maps in BGP for filtering purposes. Name at least five options for match clause criteria.
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type

48. Describe a multihomed network.
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.

49. What is the multicast address used by EIGRP for the sending of Hellos and routing updates?
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.

50. What command do you use to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes?
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet