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CCNP Route

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. You have a serial point-to-point connection in your OSPF-enabled WAN environment. Is there a DR/BDR election process in this environment by default?
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.
BGP communicates over TCP port 179
Updates are sent to the DR.

2. What is the command syntax that you should use inside a route map to configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute to control the choice of a return path?
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.

3. What is the Advertised Distance (AD) in EIGRP?
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
Interdomain routing
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.

4. What is the default cost of the default route generated by the Totally Stubby configuration of OSPF area?
Interdomain routing
The default cost of the default route is 1.
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown

5. Routing table
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.

6. You can manipulate the administrative distance of three different types of OSPF routes. What are the three types?
A site with a single ISP connection.
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.

7. Describe a typical form that your communities can take.
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
BGP is a path-vector protocol
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.

8. What is the term for routers running BGP?
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
BGP speakers
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.

9. What technique can you use to ensure that a particular classless prefix is always advertised by a BGP-speaking router?
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.

10. Identify the command that can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment.
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
200

11. If you want to modify parameters before inserting prefixes into the BGP table - you can use a route map. Name at least three reasons why this might be accomplished.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED

12. What does a Type 2 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded?
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.

13. What does a router do if that router does not support BGP communities and a route update appears with community information?
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all

14. For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.

15. You are utilizing the soft reconfiguration feature of Cisco IOS Release 12.x with BGP. You have completed the changes to filters and route maps that are applied on the outgoing information. What command should you execute?
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out

16. How do you ensure the router ID is changed on a device following the use of the router-id command?
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.

17. What key design requirement of BGP does a BGP route reflector address?
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.

18. What is the default Hello interval for OSPF in a LAN?
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
BGP peers
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.

19. You are considering manipulating the K values on an EIGRP router. Which routers in the EIGRP domain must have this configuration made?
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.

20. Describe a dual-multihomed network.
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.

21. What is the IP protocol number used by Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)?
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.

22. What are the three possible origin codes as specified by the origin attribute?
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.

23. What is the feasible successor in EIGRP?
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.

24. What is the formula used by OSPF for the calculation of cost?

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25. What is the correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF?
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.

26. You have a hub and spoke topology - and you are using EIGRP as your IGP. You want only routes that you specify propagated from the spoke of your topology. What EIGRP feature allows you to configure this?
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction

27. What OSPF-related command allows you to reset the refbw value used in the formula for OSPF cost calculation?
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.

28. You have configured the demand-circuit configuration in your OSPF network - but the link keeps coming up because of OSPF. Name at least three possible reasons for this.
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.

29. You are considering the usage of manual route summarization in your EIGRP network. How is the metric calculated for the summary route.
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.

30. Why might an OSPF neighbor be stuck in the 2-WAY state?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in

31. What kind of routing protocol is run between Autonomous Systems?
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.

32. Regarding the establishment of OSPF adjacencies - which state follows the Exstart State?
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out

33. What are two possible causes for an ABR not to advertise a summary route?
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
200
20

34. You need to distribute select BGP prefix information as specified in a prefix-list. What command do you use to enact this?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]

35. Name at least two reasons that an OSPF neighbor can be stuck in the INIT state:
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.

36. You are using the show ip eigrp topology command to troubleshoot your EIGRP network. You notice an entry is marked as Active. What does this indicate?
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.

37. What is the default value of the MED attribute?
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
BGP speakers
Aggregator - Community
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.

38. How can you change the amount of bandwidth that EIGRP consumes on an interface?
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
Manually configured
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.

39. What command should you use to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router?
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.

40. Name a Nontransitive BGP attribute.
Multi Exit Discriminator.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask

41. The four types of BGP messages.
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.

42. What is the correct command to configure community propagation to BGP neighbors?
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community

43. For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ - DR/BDR election required? ________
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.

44. You are engaged in route filtering using regular expressions. How can you match any single character?

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45. You are interested in monitoring the use of your regular expressions for manipulating the BGP routing process. What command can you use to display routes matching the AS-path regular expression?
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
200
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.

46. You are considering designing an area as a stub area in OSPF. Which LSA types will still flow in this area?
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
A site with a single ISP connection.
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).

47. When configuring a Not-So-Stubby Area - Where is the appropriate configuration command applied?
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.
The command is applied on all routers in the area.

48. What is the command to configure a router as a BGP route reflector?
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
Updates are sent to the DR.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client

49. Name two Transitive BGP attributes.
Aggregator - Community
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.

50. To what IP address does OSPF send packets destined for all OSPF routers in the LAN?
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.
The correct command is show ip bgp.