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CCNP Route

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Describe External BGP.
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.

2. What is the correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF?
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
A site with a single ISP connection.

3. You are concerned that a flapping route is ruining the stability of your BGP network. What command allows the router to remove the update until it is proven to be more stable?
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.

4. You have a serial point-to-point connection in your OSPF-enabled WAN environment. Is there a DR/BDR election process in this environment by default?
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.

5. The four types of BGP messages.
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
Multi Exit Discriminator.
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.

6. For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ - DR/BDR election required? ________
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
A site with a single ISP connection.

7. When a BGP router receives an update from an EBGP neighbor - it must pass that update to its IBGP neighbors without changing the next-hop attribute. Therefore - IBGP routers must have a route to the network connecting their autonomous system to that
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
Interdomain routing
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in

8. In a Not-So-Stubby Area - what router translates the Type 7 LSA - and What is the LSA translated into?
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command

9. What is the IP protocol number used by Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)?
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.

10. If you do not use the router-id command - how is the router ID selected on an OSPF speaking router?
Aggregator - Community
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.

11. Another method is commonly used to solve the IBGP full mesh requirement. It involves the configuration of smaller sub-autonomous systems created within a primary autonomous system. What are these called?
BGP speakers
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.

12. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O E1 route designator. What does this signify?
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.

13. You are interested in monitoring the use of your regular expressions for manipulating the BGP routing process. What command can you use to display routes matching the AS-path regular expression?
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.

14. Name at least one reason that an OSPF neighbor can be stuck in the ATTEMPT state.
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.

15. For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply

16. Name at least four BGP-related parameters that you can set with a route map.
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in

17. Describe a multihomed network.
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.

18. Describe a dual-multihomed network.
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.

19. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O IA route designator. What does this signify?
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.

20. Name a Nontransitive BGP attribute.
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
Multi Exit Discriminator.
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask

21. Name two Transitive BGP attributes.
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
Aggregator - Community

22. You have a hub and spoke topology - and you are using EIGRP as your IGP. You want only routes that you specify propagated from the spoke of your topology. What EIGRP feature allows you to configure this?
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.

23. You are engaged in route filtering using regular expressions. How can you match any single character?

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24. What are two possible causes for an ABR not to advertise a summary route?
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.

25. What is the default link-state advertisement (LSA) aging timer?
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.

26. What is the purpose of the Type 2 DBD packet?
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown

27. You are utilizing the soft reconfiguration feature of Cisco IOS Release 12.x with BGP. You have completed the changes to filters and route maps that are applied on the outgoing information. What command should you execute?
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
Interdomain routing
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out

28. Name two Discretionary Well-Known BGP attributes.
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
Aggregator - Community
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.

29. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O route designator. What does this signify?
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.

30. Identify the command that can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment.
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]

31. What IP protocol number is used by Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)?
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
Interdomain routing
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.

32. Update
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.

33. What does BGP stand for?
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
Border Gateway Protocol

34. For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required? ________
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
The correct command is show ip bgp.
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required

35. What does a Type 1 LSA describe and Where is this LSA flooded?

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36. Keepalive
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.

37. What is the command to configure a router as a BGP route reflector?
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client

38. You are considering the use of the weight attribute to influence route selection. Is a higher or lower weight preferred by Cisco routers?
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.

39. By default - how much bandwidth does EIGRP consume on an interface for its operations?
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.

40. You need to distribute select BGP prefix information as specified in a prefix-list. What command do you use to enact this?
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}

41. You need to send a route refresh message to a specific BGP-speaking neighbor. What is the correct command syntax to do so?
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.

42. What is the correct command to view the BGP table on the local router?
The correct command is show ip bgp.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.

43. Name at least two reasons that an OSPF neighbor can be stuck in the INIT state:
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
The correct command is show ip bgp.

44. You need to suppress the periodic Hellos so that an ISDN link is not constantly enabled in a dial-on-demand routing (DDR) environment. What feature of OSPF should you use?
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.

45. How do you override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface?
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.

46. How can you temporarily disable a BGP neighborship?
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.

47. For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
Multi Exit Discriminator.

48. Name at least two reasons why an OSPF neighbor might be stuck in the EXSTART/EXCHANGE state.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
200
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment

49. What technique can you use to ensure that a particular classless prefix is always advertised by a BGP-speaking router?
The default cost of the default route is 1.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.

50. What is the Private autonomous system number range used in BGP?
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.