Test your basic knowledge |

CCNP Route

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. You are using the show ip eigrp topology command to troubleshoot your EIGRP network. You notice an entry is marked as Active. What does this indicate?
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.

2. Over which IP protocol does BGP communicate?
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
BGP communicates over TCP port 179

3. You need to advertise a default route into an area regardless of whether or not a default route exists on the router. What command do you use to configure this?
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
20

4. You can reduce the flooding of LSAs in a stable network topology with what command?

5. What is the multicast address used by EIGRP for the sending of Hellos and routing updates?
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.
The router passes the community information on unchanged.

6. What command should you use to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router?
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.

7. Describe BGP loop prevention.

8. You need to configure BGP community propagation for a large number of BGP neighbors. What is the ideal mechanism to use to assist with this configuration?
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.

9. The metric of EIGRP is compatible with the metric of the earlier Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP). How do you convert the IGRP metric to the form of EIGRP?
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
BGP speakers
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.

10. What are the actions used by an Outbound Route Filter (ORF) type of Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI)-based filtering (type 1)?
Interdomain routing
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.

11. Name at least two reasons that an OSPF neighbor can be stuck in the INIT state:
BGP is a path-vector protocol
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command

12. What are two possible causes for an ABR not to advertise a summary route?
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
Interdomain routing
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:

13. You need to apply a route map to updates that are received from a BGP neighbor. What is the command you use to configure this?
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.

14. Name three Mandatory Well-Known BGP attributes.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.

15. How often are Hello packets sent on a multipoint circuit with bandwidth less than T1 in an EIGRP environment?
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.

16. Update
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.

17. What key design requirement of BGP does a BGP route reflector address?
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.

18. You are interested in monitoring the use of your regular expressions for manipulating the BGP routing process. What command can you use to display routes matching the AS-path regular expression?
Updates are sent to the DR.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
Aggregator - Community

19. What command do you use to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes?
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]

20. What is the Advertised Distance (AD) in EIGRP?
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.

21. Describe a dual-homed network.
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.

22. You have local BGP routing policies you can enact - and you have global autonomous system policies that you can implement. What is the purpose of local preference - local or global?
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.

23. Describe an autonomous system(AS).
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.

24. When an EIGRP-speaking router receives Hello packets from a neighbor for the first time - How does the router respond if it has matching Hello parameters in the packet?
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP

25. What is the Feasible Distance (FD) value in EIGRP?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.

26. Name at least four BGP-related parameters that you can set with a route map.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).

27. Describe a multihomed network.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.

28. How can you change the amount of bandwidth that EIGRP consumes on an interface?
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.

29. What is the term for routers running BGP?
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
BGP speakers
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.

30. If you want to modify parameters before inserting prefixes into the BGP table - you can use a route map. Name at least three reasons why this might be accomplished.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.

31. What is the correct command to configure community propagation to BGP neighbors?
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community

32. What kind of routing protocol is run within an AS?
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate

33. The metric of EIGRP contains a reliability component. What is the value that indicates a completely unreliable link?
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)

34. Keepalive
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.

35. What is the default link-state advertisement (LSA) aging timer?
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.

36. Name at least one reason that an OSPF neighbor can be stuck in the ATTEMPT state.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.

37. You need to send a route refresh message to a specific BGP-speaking neighbor. What is the correct command syntax to do so?
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in

38. In a LAN - to which router(s) does a DROTHER send an update?
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
Updates are sent to the DR.

39. For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required? ________
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required

40. You are considering the use of route maps in BGP for filtering purposes. Name at least five options for match clause criteria.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.

41. What IP protocol number is used by Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)?
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet

42. In a Not-So-Stubby Area - what router translates the Type 7 LSA - and What is the LSA translated into?
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.

43. What is the term for BGP neighbors?
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
BGP speakers
BGP peers
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.

44. You need to suppress the periodic Hellos so that an ISDN link is not constantly enabled in a dial-on-demand routing (DDR) environment. What feature of OSPF should you use?
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.
Interdomain routing
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw

45. What is the command that you use to configure an area as Totally Stubby?
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)

46. What is the meaning of the following regular expression: _200$
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required

47. To configure an OSPF area as Totally Stubby - which systems need to have the no-summary keyword configured?
A site with a single ISP connection.
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.

48. What is the default value of the MED attribute?
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.

49. How is route tagging with communities actually accomplished in BGP?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
The default cost of the default route is 1.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.

50. You need all redistributed networks to have a specified MED value. What command should you use?
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask