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CCNP Route

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. The metric of EIGRP is compatible with the metric of the earlier Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP). How do you convert the IGRP metric to the form of EIGRP?
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
Manually configured
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]

2. For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
200
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required

3. You have local BGP routing policies you can enact - and you have global autonomous system policies that you can implement. What is the purpose of local preference - local or global?
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
BGP is a path-vector protocol

4. Once adjacencies are established in the LAN and router information is being maintained - what step follows a router noticing a change and multicasting an LSU to 224.0.0.6?
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.

5. What command should you use to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router?
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.

6. To what IP address does OSPF send packets destined for all OSPF routers in the LAN?
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
The correct command is show ip bgp.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.

7. What does BGP stand for?
Border Gateway Protocol
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}

8. What are the three BGP route reception options?
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.

9. What is the default value of the MED attribute?
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.

10. What is the meaning of the following regular expression: _200$
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.

11. You need all redistributed networks to have a specified MED value. What command should you use?
Interdomain routing
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.

12. What is the correct syntax to find community attributes in routing updates?
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type

13. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O route designator. What does this signify?
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.

14. How many instances of BGP can be run on a single router?
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.

15. You are using the show ip eigrp topology command to troubleshoot your EIGRP network. You notice an entry is marked as Active. What does this indicate?
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.

16. You are interested in monitoring the use of your regular expressions for manipulating the BGP routing process. What command can you use to display routes matching the AS-path regular expression?
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required

17. How can a router qualify as a feasible successor in EIGRP?
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
A site with a single ISP connection.

18. Describe a dual-homed network.
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED

19. Name at least one reason that an OSPF neighbor can be stuck in the ATTEMPT state.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.

20. Name at least two standard filtering-oriented communities for use in BGP.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.

21. Over which IP protocol does BGP communicate?
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
BGP communicates over TCP port 179
200
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw

22. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O IA route designator. What does this signify?
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
BGP communicates over TCP port 179

23. Which of the Cisco OSPF nonbroadcast multiaccess (NBMA) modes of operation requires a full mesh topology?
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.

24. How do you ensure the router ID is changed on a device following the use of the router-id command?
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
Updates are sent to the DR.
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.

25. In a Not-So-Stubby Area - what router translates the Type 7 LSA - and What is the LSA translated into?
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]

26. Describe a multihomed network.
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
The default cost of the default route is 1.

27. What is the multicast address used by EIGRP for the sending of Hellos and routing updates?
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
A site with a single ISP connection.
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.

28. Name two Transitive BGP attributes.
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
Aggregator - Community

29. What is the correct command to configure community propagation to BGP neighbors?
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost

30. How is route tagging with communities actually accomplished in BGP?
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.

31. To configure an OSPF area as Totally Stubby - which systems need to have the no-summary keyword configured?
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer

32. You want to improve the troubleshooting capabilities of your administration of an OSPF network. You plan to do this by making sure you can ping each router ID of each router. How can you accomplish this?
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.

33. What is the administrative distance for IBGP?
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
200
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all

34. What is the formula used by OSPF for the calculation of cost?

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35. You need to distribute select BGP prefix information as specified in a prefix-list. What command do you use to enact this?
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.

36. Name at least one reason why an OSPF neighbor might be stuck in the LOADING state.
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.

37. Name two Discretionary Well-Known BGP attributes.
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
Multi Exit Discriminator.
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate

38. What command do you use to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes?
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
Interdomain routing
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.

39. How do you override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface?
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.

40. What is the Advertised Distance (AD) in EIGRP?
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
200

41. You want to propagate a default route to other EIGRP speakers in the autonomous system. What command do you used to accomplish this?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.

42. When an EIGRP-speaking router receives Hello packets from a neighbor for the first time - How does the router respond if it has matching Hello parameters in the packet?
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.

43. What is the IP protocol number used by Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)?
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.

44. Why might an OSPF neighbor be stuck in the 2-WAY state?
Manually configured
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.

45. If you do not use the router-id command - how is the router ID selected on an OSPF speaking router?
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all

46. What is the default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution?
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
A site with a single ISP connection.
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction

47. Describe External BGP.
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
Aggregator - Community
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.

48. You need to advertise a default route into an area regardless of whether or not a default route exists on the router. What command do you use to configure this?
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.

49. You need to configure BGP community propagation for a large number of BGP neighbors. What is the ideal mechanism to use to assist with this configuration?
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
BGP speakers

50. What are two possible causes for an ABR not to advertise a summary route?
20
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons: