Test your basic knowledge |

CCNP Route

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the command that you use in EIGRP to control the load balancing across unequal cost paths?
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
Aggregator - Community
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.

2. You have configured the demand-circuit configuration in your OSPF network - but the link keeps coming up because of OSPF. Name at least three possible reasons for this.
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.
Updates are sent to the DR.
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable

3. Describe Internal BGP.
BGP communicates over TCP port 179
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.

4. What does a Type 1 LSA describe and Where is this LSA flooded?

5. What is the command syntax that you should use inside a route map to configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute to control the choice of a return path?
Interdomain routing
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.

6. You are utilizing the soft reconfiguration feature of Cisco IOS Release 12.x with BGP. You have completed the changes to filters and route maps that are applied on the outgoing information. What command should you execute?
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
Multi Exit Discriminator.

7. In a LAN - to which router(s) does a DROTHER send an update?
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
Updates are sent to the DR.

8. Describe External BGP.
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
Updates are sent to the DR.
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.

9. What does BGP stand for?
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
Border Gateway Protocol
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate

10. Describe a transit AS.
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)

11. The metric of EIGRP contains a reliability component. What is the value that indicates a completely unreliable link?
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.

12. What are two possible causes for an ABR not to advertise a summary route?
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer

13. If you want to modify parameters before inserting prefixes into the BGP table - you can use a route map. Name at least three reasons why this might be accomplished.
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]

14. Name at least one reason why an OSPF neighbor might be stuck in the LOADING state.
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
Updates are sent to the DR.
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer

15. You are considering designing an area as a stub area in OSPF. Which LSA types will still flow in this area?
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.

16. You are concerned that a flapping route is ruining the stability of your BGP network. What command allows the router to remove the update until it is proven to be more stable?
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.
The default cost of the default route is 1.
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet

17. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O E2 route designator. What does this signify?
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction

18. What does a Type 4 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.

19. What does a Type 5 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
BGP speakers
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
200

20. What are the actions used by an Outbound Route Filter (ORF) type of Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI)-based filtering (type 1)?
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.

21. How many instances of BGP can be run on a single router?
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router

22. Describe a multihomed network.
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.

23. What command do you use to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes?
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
A site with a single ISP connection.
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]

24. You need to distribute select BGP prefix information as specified in a prefix-list. What command do you use to enact this?
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
A site with a single ISP connection.
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}

25. Name a Nontransitive BGP attribute.
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
Multi Exit Discriminator.
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost

26. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O E1 route designator. What does this signify?
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).

27. What does a Type 3 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.

28. How can you change the amount of bandwidth that EIGRP consumes on an interface?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.

29. Neighbor database
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.

30. You need to suppress the periodic Hellos so that an ISDN link is not constantly enabled in a dial-on-demand routing (DDR) environment. What feature of OSPF should you use?
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.

31. You are considering the use of route maps in BGP for filtering purposes. Name at least five options for match clause criteria.
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type

32. Another method is commonly used to solve the IBGP full mesh requirement. It involves the configuration of smaller sub-autonomous systems created within a primary autonomous system. What are these called?
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification

33. You are considering the usage of manual route summarization in your EIGRP network. How is the metric calculated for the summary route.
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown

34. When an area is configured as Totally Stubby - what LSAs are flooded into the area?
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.

35. To what IP address does OSPF send packets destined for the Designated Router (DR) and Backup Designated Router (BDR) in the LAN?
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.

36. To what IP address does OSPF send packets destined for all OSPF routers in the LAN?
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community

37. When configuring a Not-So-Stubby Area - Where is the appropriate configuration command applied?
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
Border Gateway Protocol
The command is applied on all routers in the area.

38. What are five possible reasons that the OSPF neighbor list might be empty when troubleshooting OSPF?
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.

39. What does a router do if that router does not support BGP communities and a route update appears with community information?
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
Updates are sent to the DR.
The default cost of the default route is 1.

40. What does a Type 7 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom

41. What IP protocol number is used by Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)?
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.

42. What kind of routing protocol is BGP?
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
The correct command is show ip bgp.
BGP is a path-vector protocol

43. What is the type number of the external routes permitted in a Not-So-Stubby OSPF area?
200
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.

44. You are using the show ip eigrp topology command to troubleshoot your EIGRP network. You notice an entry is marked as Active. What does this indicate?
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw

45. Name at least two reasons that an OSPF neighbor can be stuck in the INIT state:
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command

46. You are engaged in route filtering using regular expressions. How can you match any single character?

47. Describe an autonomous system(AS).
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.

48. How can you temporarily disable a BGP neighborship?
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election

49. When a BGP router receives an update from an EBGP neighbor - it must pass that update to its IBGP neighbors without changing the next-hop attribute. Therefore - IBGP routers must have a route to the network connecting their autonomous system to that
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.

50. Name two Discretionary Well-Known BGP attributes.
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
BGP communicates over TCP port 179