Test your basic knowledge |

CCNP Route

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Describe an autonomous system(AS).
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.

2. What is the correct command to view the BGP table on the local router?
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
The correct command is show ip bgp.
20

3. Are BGP neighbors manually configured or automatically discovered?
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.
Manually configured
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.

4. Given the fact that the BGP route selection process begins by excluding any route with an inaccessible next hop - What is the next route selection criteria that is used?
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.

5. Describe a single-homed network.
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
A site with a single ISP connection.
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.

6. What is the correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.

7. How can you change the amount of bandwidth that EIGRP consumes on an interface?
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw

8. What is the term for routers running BGP?
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
The correct command is show ip bgp.
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
BGP speakers

9. You are considering the use of a virtual link to connect an OSPF area to the backbone. This link is configured between two ABRs. These ABRs must not be part of what type of area?
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
BGP peers

10. What are the three BGP route reception options?
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.

11. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O E2 route designator. What does this signify?
20
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.

12. What is the term for routing between Autonomous Systems?
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
Interdomain routing
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop

13. Once adjacencies are established in the LAN and router information is being maintained - what step follows a router noticing a change and multicasting an LSU to 224.0.0.6?
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.

14. How many instances of BGP can be run on a single router?
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.

15. What does a Type 1 LSA describe and Where is this LSA flooded?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

16. Regarding the establishment of OSPF adjacencies - which state follows the Exstart State?
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.

17. What is the feasible successor in EIGRP?
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.

18. When an EIGRP-speaking router receives Hello packets from a neighbor for the first time - How does the router respond if it has matching Hello parameters in the packet?
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.

19. What is the default Hello interval for OSPF in a LAN?
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
Aggregator - Community

20. What is the default cost of the default route generated by the Totally Stubby configuration of OSPF area?
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
The default cost of the default route is 1.

21. Describe Internal BGP.
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom

22. How is route tagging with communities actually accomplished in BGP?
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
The default cost of the default route is 1.
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.

23. You need to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally. What command should you use?
Aggregator - Community
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.

24. You have a serial point-to-point connection in your OSPF-enabled WAN environment. Is there a DR/BDR election process in this environment by default?
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.
The command is applied on all routers in the area.

25. Describe BGP loop prevention.

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

26. What is the default link-state advertisement (LSA) aging timer?
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.

27. You are considering designing an area as a stub area in OSPF. Which LSA types will still flow in this area?
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.

28. By default - how much bandwidth does EIGRP consume on an interface for its operations?
Border Gateway Protocol
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.

29. Which of the Cisco OSPF nonbroadcast multiaccess (NBMA) modes of operation requires a full mesh topology?
Manually configured
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.

30. What is the Private autonomous system number range used in BGP?
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
The correct command is show ip bgp.

31. The metric of EIGRP contains a reliability component. What is the value that indicates a completely unreliable link?
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
The correct command is show ip bgp.

32. In a LAN - to which router(s) does a DROTHER send an update?
Updates are sent to the DR.
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.

33. Describe a transit AS.
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
The correct command is show ip bgp.
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.

34. Name two Transitive BGP attributes.
Aggregator - Community
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask

35. What command should you use to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router?
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.

36. What is the correct command to configure community propagation to BGP neighbors?
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.

37. When a BGP router receives an update from an EBGP neighbor - it must pass that update to its IBGP neighbors without changing the next-hop attribute. Therefore - IBGP routers must have a route to the network connecting their autonomous system to that
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.

38. What are two possible causes for an ABR not to advertise a summary route?
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:

39. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O route designator. What does this signify?
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
Interdomain routing
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.

40. You are considering the use of route maps in BGP for filtering purposes. Name at least five options for match clause criteria.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client

41. You have local BGP routing policies you can enact - and you have global autonomous system policies that you can implement. What is the purpose of local preference - local or global?
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.

42. Why might an OSPF neighbor be stuck in the 2-WAY state?
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
The correct command is show ip bgp.
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.

43. Update
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.

44. What is the command to change the cost of the default route used within a Totally Stubby area?
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost

45. For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.

46. What does a Type 4 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
A site with a single ISP connection.

47. How does EIGRP deal with a router that is slow in responding to reliable packets with acknowledgements?
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
Border Gateway Protocol

48. What is the administrative distance for EBGP?
20
BGP speakers
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.

49. What is the Feasible Distance (FD) value in EIGRP?
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.

50. What is the multicast address used by EIGRP for the sending of Hellos and routing updates?
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of