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CCNP Route

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. Open
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election

2. What is the multicast address used by EIGRP for the sending of Hellos and routing updates?
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election

3. How often are Hello packets sent on a multipoint circuit with bandwidth less than T1 in an EIGRP environment?
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
The command is applied on all routers in the area.

4. What command do you use in OSPF to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR?
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.

5. What is the feasible successor in EIGRP?
Multi Exit Discriminator.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.

6. Name at least four BGP-related parameters that you can set with a route map.
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary

7. You are utilizing the soft reconfiguration feature of Cisco IOS Release 12.x with BGP. You have completed the changes to filters and route maps that are applied on the outgoing information. What command should you execute?
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client

8. You want to propagate a default route to other EIGRP speakers in the autonomous system. What command do you used to accomplish this?
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.

9. Notification
BGP speakers
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)

10. Describe Internal BGP.
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.

11. Keepalive
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet

12. What is the administrative distance for EBGP?
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
20
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.

13. You have configured the demand-circuit configuration in your OSPF network - but the link keeps coming up because of OSPF. Name at least three possible reasons for this.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.

14. What kind of routing protocol is run between Autonomous Systems?
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.

15. Identify the command that can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment.
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all

16. For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.

17. What is the meaning of the following regular expression: _200$
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.

18. What is the default link-state advertisement (LSA) aging timer?
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.

19. You are considering the usage of manual route summarization in your EIGRP network. How is the metric calculated for the summary route.
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.

20. How does EIGRP deal with a router that is slow in responding to reliable packets with acknowledgements?
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
Interdomain routing
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.

21. What does a router do if that router does not support BGP communities and a route update appears with community information?
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
The router passes the community information on unchanged.

22. Describe External BGP.
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router

23. To what IP address does OSPF send packets destined for all OSPF routers in the LAN?
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.

24. Given the fact that the BGP route selection process begins by excluding any route with an inaccessible next hop - What is the next route selection criteria that is used?
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).

25. What is the correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF?
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]

26. Describe an autonomous system(AS).
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
Aggregator - Community
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.

27. Describe a multihomed network.
200
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.

28. In a Not-So-Stubby Area - what router translates the Type 7 LSA - and What is the LSA translated into?
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.

29. Name two Transitive BGP attributes.
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
Aggregator - Community
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required

30. You have a serial point-to-point connection in your OSPF-enabled WAN environment. Is there a DR/BDR election process in this environment by default?
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.

31. What is the command that you use in EIGRP to control the load balancing across unequal cost paths?
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost

32. You need to apply a route map to updates that are received from a BGP neighbor. What is the command you use to configure this?
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election

33. What technique can you use to ensure that a particular classless prefix is always advertised by a BGP-speaking router?
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.

34. In a LAN - with which router(s) does a DROTHER form an adjacency?
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.

35. What is the Private autonomous system number range used in BGP?
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.

36. When an area is configured as Totally Stubby - what LSAs are flooded into the area?
Updates are sent to the DR.
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.

37. You need to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally. What command should you use?
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election

38. How is route tagging with communities actually accomplished in BGP?
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask

39. You are considering designing an area as a stub area in OSPF. Which LSA types will still flow in this area?
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
BGP speakers

40. Name three Mandatory Well-Known BGP attributes.
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED

41. If you want to modify parameters before inserting prefixes into the BGP table - you can use a route map. Name at least three reasons why this might be accomplished.
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown

42. What is the Advertised Distance (AD) in EIGRP?
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown

43. What is the type number of the external routes permitted in a Not-So-Stubby OSPF area?
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.

44. When configuring a Not-So-Stubby Area - Where is the appropriate configuration command applied?
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.

45. You are concerned that a flapping route is ruining the stability of your BGP network. What command allows the router to remove the update until it is proven to be more stable?
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.
Manually configured

46. Name at least two standard filtering-oriented communities for use in BGP.
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.
BGP speakers
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.

47. Are BGP neighbors manually configured or automatically discovered?
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
Manually configured
Interdomain routing
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]

48. BGP database - or Routing Information Base
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.

49. Over which IP protocol does BGP communicate?
Interdomain routing
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
BGP communicates over TCP port 179
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.

50. Name at least two reasons that an OSPF neighbor can be stuck in the INIT state:
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.