Test your basic knowledge |

CCNP Route

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Describe a single-homed network.
A site with a single ISP connection.
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.

2. What key design requirement of BGP does a BGP route reflector address?
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election

3. You are interested in monitoring the use of your regular expressions for manipulating the BGP routing process. What command can you use to display routes matching the AS-path regular expression?
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification

4. How often are Hello packets sent on a multipoint circuit with bandwidth less than T1 in an EIGRP environment?
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.

5. How does EIGRP deal with a router that is slow in responding to reliable packets with acknowledgements?
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
BGP is a path-vector protocol
The correct command is show ip bgp.

6. You need to configure BGP community propagation for a large number of BGP neighbors. What is the ideal mechanism to use to assist with this configuration?
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.

7. Are BGP neighbors manually configured or automatically discovered?
BGP is a path-vector protocol
Manually configured
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:

8. Describe an autonomous system(AS).
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.

9. What is the purpose of the Type 2 DBD packet?
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required

10. What is the meaning of the following regular expression: _200$
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.

11. Notification
BGP communicates over TCP port 179
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out

12. The metric of EIGRP contains a reliability component. What is the value that indicates a completely unreliable link?
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.

13. What is the Feasible Distance (FD) value in EIGRP?
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.

14. You need to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally. What command should you use?
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type

15. You are considering the use of route maps in BGP for filtering purposes. Name at least five options for match clause criteria.
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.

16. Describe a transit AS.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.

17. What are the actions used by an Outbound Route Filter (ORF) type of Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI)-based filtering (type 1)?
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
The correct command is show ip bgp.
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer

18. What is the default link-state advertisement (LSA) aging timer?
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
20
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.

19. You want to propagate a default route to other EIGRP speakers in the autonomous system. What command do you used to accomplish this?
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
Aggregator - Community
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.

20. Name two Transitive BGP attributes.
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
Aggregator - Community

21. When an area is configured as Totally Stubby - what LSAs are flooded into the area?
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom

22. Describe a typical form that your communities can take.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router
The correct command is show ip bgp.

23. To what IP address does OSPF send packets destined for all OSPF routers in the LAN?
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.

24. Name three Mandatory Well-Known BGP attributes.
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop

25. Name at least four BGP-related parameters that you can set with a route map.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
Interdomain routing
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.

26. What is the administrative distance for IBGP?
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
200
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva

27. What are the packets in an EIGRP environment that require an acknowledgement?
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply

28. What is the multicast address used by EIGRP for the sending of Hellos and routing updates?
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.

29. Identify the command that can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment.
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.

30. In a LAN - with which router(s) does a DROTHER form an adjacency?
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.

31. What does a Type 1 LSA describe and Where is this LSA flooded?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

32. For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required

33. What does a Type 2 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded?
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.

34. You can reduce the flooding of LSAs in a stable network topology with what command?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

35. What is the correct command to configure community propagation to BGP neighbors?
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.

36. What is the IP protocol number used by Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)?
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.

37. If you do not use the router-id command - how is the router ID selected on an OSPF speaking router?
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.

38. How can you temporarily disable a BGP neighborship?
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.

39. For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.

40. What is the formula used by OSPF for the calculation of cost?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

41. You are considering designing an area as a stub area in OSPF. Which LSA types will still flow in this area?
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.

42. How do you ensure the router ID is changed on a device following the use of the router-id command?
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.

43. What are the three possible origin codes as specified by the origin attribute?
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command

44. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O E1 route designator. What does this signify?
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP

45. What is the Advertised Distance (AD) in EIGRP?
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command

46. What technique can you use to ensure that a particular classless prefix is always advertised by a BGP-speaking router?
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate

47. What is the effect of the network backdoor command in BGP?
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.

48. How do you override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface?
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.

49. Regarding the establishment of OSPF adjacencies - which state follows the Exstart State?
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.

50. Describe a multihomed network.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.