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CCNP Route

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. What command should you use to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router?
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.

2. What kind of routing protocol is BGP?
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
BGP is a path-vector protocol
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of

3. For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Interdomain routing

4. What are five possible reasons that the OSPF neighbor list might be empty when troubleshooting OSPF?
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva

5. You are engaged in route filtering using regular expressions. How can you match any single character?

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6. You are interested in monitoring the use of your regular expressions for manipulating the BGP routing process. What command can you use to display routes matching the AS-path regular expression?
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
A site with a single ISP connection.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.

7. How often are Hello packets sent on a point-to-point subinterface in an EIGRP environment?
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.

8. You need to suppress the periodic Hellos so that an ISDN link is not constantly enabled in a dial-on-demand routing (DDR) environment. What feature of OSPF should you use?
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.

9. You are considering the use of the weight attribute to influence route selection. Is a higher or lower weight preferred by Cisco routers?
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]

10. What are the packets in an EIGRP environment that require an acknowledgement?
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
BGP speakers

11. What is the feasible successor in EIGRP?
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw

12. What is the type number of the external routes permitted in a Not-So-Stubby OSPF area?
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required

13. Why might an OSPF neighbor be stuck in the 2-WAY state?
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.

14. Describe Internal BGP.
BGP speakers
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.

15. You want to propagate a default route to other EIGRP speakers in the autonomous system. What command do you used to accomplish this?
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.

16. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O IA route designator. What does this signify?
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.

17. What are the two methods by which BGP injects local routes into the BGP table?
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
A site with a single ISP connection.

18. How many instances of BGP can be run on a single router?
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.

19. What is the Advertised Distance (AD) in EIGRP?
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.

20. Name two Discretionary Well-Known BGP attributes.
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
The router passes the community information on unchanged.

21. Name a Nontransitive BGP attribute.
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
Multi Exit Discriminator.

22. You are considering the usage of manual route summarization in your EIGRP network. How is the metric calculated for the summary route.
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
A site with a single ISP connection.
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.

23. For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.

24. What is the term for routers running BGP?
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router
BGP speakers
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw

25. What is the correct command to configure community propagation to BGP neighbors?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
Interdomain routing
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.

26. What is the command that you use to configure an area as Totally Stubby?
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)

27. Name three Mandatory Well-Known BGP attributes.
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.

28. You have configured the demand-circuit configuration in your OSPF network - but the link keeps coming up because of OSPF. Name at least three possible reasons for this.
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.

29. What is the correct router configuration command that must be issued on all routers in an OSPF area to use the strongest authentication method possible?
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.

30. The four types of BGP messages.
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
The default cost of the default route is 1.
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP

31. You are considering manipulating the K values on an EIGRP router. Which routers in the EIGRP domain must have this configuration made?
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.

32. What is the administrative distance for IBGP?
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
200

33. Update
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
Manually configured
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.

34. You are considering the use of route maps in BGP for filtering purposes. Name at least five options for match clause criteria.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.

35. What OSPF-related command allows you to reset the refbw value used in the formula for OSPF cost calculation?
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw

36. How can a router qualify as a feasible successor in EIGRP?
BGP communicates over TCP port 179
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).

37. To what IP address does OSPF send packets destined for the Designated Router (DR) and Backup Designated Router (BDR) in the LAN?
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.

38. Describe a dual-homed network.
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
20
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.

39. Notification
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.

40. What is the correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF?
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.

41. What is the default link-state advertisement (LSA) aging timer?
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command

42. When a BGP router receives an update from an EBGP neighbor - it must pass that update to its IBGP neighbors without changing the next-hop attribute. Therefore - IBGP routers must have a route to the network connecting their autonomous system to that
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
A site with a single ISP connection.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.

43. Name two Transitive BGP attributes.
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
Aggregator - Community
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.

44. In a Not-So-Stubby Area - what router translates the Type 7 LSA - and What is the LSA translated into?
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop

45. What does a Type 4 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.

46. For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ - DR/BDR election required? ________
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election

47. What is the IP protocol number used by Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)?
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.

48. What kind of routing protocol is run within an AS?
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)

49. How can you temporarily disable a BGP neighborship?
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.

50. Name at least two reasons why an OSPF neighbor might be stuck in the EXSTART/EXCHANGE state.
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
BGP communicates over TCP port 179
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.