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CCNP Route

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Describe a multihomed network.
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.

2. Name two Discretionary Well-Known BGP attributes.
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate

3. Describe a transit AS.
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
Aggregator - Community
BGP is a path-vector protocol
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.

4. How can you temporarily disable a BGP neighborship?
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
BGP speakers
BGP peers

5. You have a serial point-to-point connection in your OSPF-enabled WAN environment. Is there a DR/BDR election process in this environment by default?
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction

6. Name at least four BGP-related parameters that you can set with a route map.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop

7. You are considering the use of route maps in BGP for filtering purposes. Name at least five options for match clause criteria.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.

8. What are the actions used by an Outbound Route Filter (ORF) type of Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI)-based filtering (type 1)?
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment

9. What is the command to change the cost of the default route used within a Totally Stubby area?
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost

10. You are using the show ip eigrp topology command to troubleshoot your EIGRP network. You notice an entry is marked as Active. What does this indicate?
Updates are sent to the DR.
The default cost of the default route is 1.
BGP is a path-vector protocol
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.

11. What is the feasible successor in EIGRP?
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.

12. You need to apply a route map to updates that are received from a BGP neighbor. What is the command you use to configure this?
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.

13. Are BGP neighbors manually configured or automatically discovered?
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
Manually configured

14. Name at least one reason why an OSPF neighbor might be stuck in the LOADING state.
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router

15. What is the command syntax that you should use inside a route map to configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute to control the choice of a return path?
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community

16. You want to improve the troubleshooting capabilities of your administration of an OSPF network. You plan to do this by making sure you can ping each router ID of each router. How can you accomplish this?
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.

17. What is the correct router configuration command that must be issued on all routers in an OSPF area to use the strongest authentication method possible?
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.

18. Update
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.

19. To what IP address does OSPF send packets destined for all OSPF routers in the LAN?
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
200

20. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O E2 route designator. What does this signify?
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate

21. You are considering the use of the weight attribute to influence route selection. Is a higher or lower weight preferred by Cisco routers?
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.

22. BGP database - or Routing Information Base
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.

23. How can you change the amount of bandwidth that EIGRP consumes on an interface?
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.

24. For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required? ________
The default cost of the default route is 1.
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.

25. What is the IP protocol number used by Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)?
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]

26. You are considering the usage of manual route summarization in your EIGRP network. How is the metric calculated for the summary route.
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.

27. Why might an OSPF neighbor be stuck in the 2-WAY state?
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community

28. You are utilizing the soft reconfiguration feature of Cisco IOS Release 12.x with BGP. You have completed the changes to filters and route maps that are applied on the outgoing information. What command should you execute?
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.

29. In a LAN - with which router(s) does a DROTHER form an adjacency?
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
Interdomain routing
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification

30. In a LAN - to which router(s) does a DROTHER send an update?
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
Updates are sent to the DR.

31. What is the term for routers running BGP?
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
BGP speakers

32. What is the type number of the external routes permitted in a Not-So-Stubby OSPF area?
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all

33. In a Not-So-Stubby Area - what router translates the Type 7 LSA - and What is the LSA translated into?
BGP is a path-vector protocol
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.

34. How do you override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface?
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.

35. What is the purpose of the Type 2 DBD packet?
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.

36. The metric of EIGRP is compatible with the metric of the earlier Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP). How do you convert the IGRP metric to the form of EIGRP?
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required

37. Neighbor database
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer

38. You have a hub and spoke topology - and you are using EIGRP as your IGP. You want only routes that you specify propagated from the spoke of your topology. What EIGRP feature allows you to configure this?
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.

39. Notification
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
BGP is a path-vector protocol
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.

40. How does EIGRP deal with a router that is slow in responding to reliable packets with acknowledgements?
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.

41. Identify the command that can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment.
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client

42. You need to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally. What command should you use?
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
BGP communicates over TCP port 179

43. How often are Hello packets sent on a multipoint circuit with bandwidth less than T1 in an EIGRP environment?
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
Multi Exit Discriminator.

44. What is the default cost of the default route generated by the Totally Stubby configuration of OSPF area?
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
The default cost of the default route is 1.
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification

45. What does a Type 7 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
Updates are sent to the DR.
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.

46. You need to suppress the periodic Hellos so that an ISDN link is not constantly enabled in a dial-on-demand routing (DDR) environment. What feature of OSPF should you use?
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.

47. Describe Internal BGP.
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
BGP peers

48. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O IA route designator. What does this signify?
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.

49. Another method is commonly used to solve the IBGP full mesh requirement. It involves the configuration of smaller sub-autonomous systems created within a primary autonomous system. What are these called?
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.
A site with a single ISP connection.
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.

50. Name two Transitive BGP attributes.
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
Aggregator - Community
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.