CCNP Route

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the Feasible Distance (FD) value in EIGRP?
BGP speakers
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
The default cost of the default route is 1.


2. What kind of routing protocol is run between Autonomous Systems?
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction


3. Describe a single-homed network.
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
A site with a single ISP connection.
BGP is a path-vector protocol
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.


4. Are BGP neighbors manually configured or automatically discovered?
Manually configured
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.


5. For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required? ________
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom
BGP communicates over TCP port 179
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP


6. Once adjacencies are established in the LAN and router information is being maintained - what step follows a router noticing a change and multicasting an LSU to 224.0.0.6?
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.


7. When a BGP router receives an update from an EBGP neighbor - it must pass that update to its IBGP neighbors without changing the next-hop attribute. Therefore - IBGP routers must have a route to the network connecting their autonomous system to that
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.


8. What is the default value of the MED attribute?
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.


9. What are the three BGP route reception options?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.


10. What OSPF-related command allows you to reset the refbw value used in the formula for OSPF cost calculation?
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
BGP is a path-vector protocol
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.


11. Name at least one reason that an OSPF neighbor can be stuck in the ATTEMPT state.
Manually configured
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
The command is applied on all routers in the area.


12. If you do not use the router-id command - how is the router ID selected on an OSPF speaking router?
Interdomain routing
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.


13. In a Not-So-Stubby Area - what router translates the Type 7 LSA - and What is the LSA translated into?
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.


14. Name three Mandatory Well-Known BGP attributes.
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
BGP is a path-vector protocol
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop


15. Another method is commonly used to solve the IBGP full mesh requirement. It involves the configuration of smaller sub-autonomous systems created within a primary autonomous system. What are these called?
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.


16. What technique can you use to ensure that a particular classless prefix is always advertised by a BGP-speaking router?
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.


17. For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ - DR/BDR election required? ________
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).


18. Keepalive
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
Multi Exit Discriminator.
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.


19. You are utilizing the soft reconfiguration feature of Cisco IOS Release 12.x with BGP. You have completed the changes to filters and route maps that are applied on the outgoing information. What command should you execute?
Aggregator - Community
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.


20. In a LAN - to which router(s) does a DROTHER send an update?
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
Updates are sent to the DR.
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.


21. What is the command syntax that you should use inside a route map to configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute to control the choice of a return path?
Border Gateway Protocol
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
The default cost of the default route is 1.


22. When configuring a Not-So-Stubby Area - Where is the appropriate configuration command applied?
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.


23. How is route tagging with communities actually accomplished in BGP?
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED


24. If you want to modify parameters before inserting prefixes into the BGP table - you can use a route map. Name at least three reasons why this might be accomplished.
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
BGP peers


25. What are the three possible origin codes as specified by the origin attribute?
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction


26. What is the command that you use in EIGRP to control the load balancing across unequal cost paths?
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification


27. What does a Type 1 LSA describe and Where is this LSA flooded?


28. Identify the command that can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment.
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.


29. What is the correct syntax to find community attributes in routing updates?
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required


30. What is the formula used by OSPF for the calculation of cost?


31. You are considering manipulating the K values on an EIGRP router. Which routers in the EIGRP domain must have this configuration made?
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.


32. What is the Advertised Distance (AD) in EIGRP?
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).


33. You are considering the use of the weight attribute to influence route selection. Is a higher or lower weight preferred by Cisco routers?
Updates are sent to the DR.
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment


34. BGP database - or Routing Information Base
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.


35. What is the command to change the cost of the default route used within a Totally Stubby area?
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost


36. How does EIGRP deal with a router that is slow in responding to reliable packets with acknowledgements?
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.


37. Name at least two standard filtering-oriented communities for use in BGP.
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
Interdomain routing


38. To what IP address does OSPF send packets destined for all OSPF routers in the LAN?
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).


39. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O E2 route designator. What does this signify?
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate


40. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O E1 route designator. What does this signify?
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost
Aggregator - Community


41. What command do you use in OSPF to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR?
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask


42. What command do you use to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes?
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask


43. What is the command to configure a router as a BGP route reflector?
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.


44. What is the feasible successor in EIGRP?
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
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45. How can you change the amount of bandwidth that EIGRP consumes on an interface?
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.


46. How do you ensure the router ID is changed on a device following the use of the router-id command?
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.


47. You can reduce the flooding of LSAs in a stable network topology with what command?


48. Describe BGP loop prevention.


49. What are the packets in an EIGRP environment that require an acknowledgement?
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom


50. The metric of EIGRP is compatible with the metric of the earlier Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP). How do you convert the IGRP metric to the form of EIGRP?
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)