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CCNP Route

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. When configuring a Not-So-Stubby Area - Where is the appropriate configuration command applied?
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.

2. To configure an OSPF area as Totally Stubby - which systems need to have the no-summary keyword configured?
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
Manually configured

3. What is the meaning of the following regular expression: _200$
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.

4. Over which IP protocol does BGP communicate?
Manually configured
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
BGP communicates over TCP port 179
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment

5. Describe Internal BGP.
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.

6. Describe a transit AS.
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.

7. Identify the command that can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment.
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer

8. You need to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally. What command should you use?
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
Multi Exit Discriminator.

9. How do you override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface?
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet

10. Open
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
BGP peers
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.

11. How can you change the amount of bandwidth that EIGRP consumes on an interface?
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
BGP peers
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.

12. The metric of EIGRP contains a reliability component. What is the value that indicates a completely unreliable link?
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required

13. Name two Discretionary Well-Known BGP attributes.
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
Interdomain routing

14. When a BGP router receives an update from an EBGP neighbor - it must pass that update to its IBGP neighbors without changing the next-hop attribute. Therefore - IBGP routers must have a route to the network connecting their autonomous system to that
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.

15. You are considering the use of route maps in BGP for filtering purposes. Name at least five options for match clause criteria.
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
A site with a single ISP connection.
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:

16. What are the three possible origin codes as specified by the origin attribute?
Interdomain routing
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.

17. What is the correct command to configure community propagation to BGP neighbors?
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.

18. BGP database - or Routing Information Base
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
The default cost of the default route is 1.
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.

19. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O E1 route designator. What does this signify?
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
Manually configured
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command

20. You need to suppress the periodic Hellos so that an ISDN link is not constantly enabled in a dial-on-demand routing (DDR) environment. What feature of OSPF should you use?
A site with a single ISP connection.
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.

21. You need to configure BGP community propagation for a large number of BGP neighbors. What is the ideal mechanism to use to assist with this configuration?
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.

22. Describe a dual-homed network.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.

23. Why might an OSPF neighbor be stuck in the 2-WAY state?
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
The default cost of the default route is 1.
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.

24. For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required

25. You are considering the use of the weight attribute to influence route selection. Is a higher or lower weight preferred by Cisco routers?
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.

26. You are engaged in route filtering using regular expressions. How can you match any single character?

27. What is the type number of the external routes permitted in a Not-So-Stubby OSPF area?
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.

28. You are considering manipulating the K values on an EIGRP router. Which routers in the EIGRP domain must have this configuration made?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.

29. Name at least two standard filtering-oriented communities for use in BGP.
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.

30. What is the default link-state advertisement (LSA) aging timer?
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.

31. What technique can you use to ensure that a particular classless prefix is always advertised by a BGP-speaking router?
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED

32. What is the term for routers running BGP?
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
BGP speakers
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.

33. Update
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.

34. You need to advertise a default route into an area regardless of whether or not a default route exists on the router. What command do you use to configure this?
A site with a single ISP connection.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate

35. Describe External BGP.
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.

36. How can you temporarily disable a BGP neighborship?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.

37. Neighbor database
Border Gateway Protocol
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.

38. What is the correct syntax to find community attributes in routing updates?
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.

39. What is the correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF?
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.

40. What does a Type 5 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
200
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.

41. What is the multicast address used by EIGRP for the sending of Hellos and routing updates?
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]

42. Which of the Cisco OSPF nonbroadcast multiaccess (NBMA) modes of operation requires a full mesh topology?
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.

43. For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.

44. Describe BGP loop prevention.

45. What is the IP protocol number used by Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)?
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]

46. How do you ensure the router ID is changed on a device following the use of the router-id command?
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
The default cost of the default route is 1.
A site with a single ISP connection.
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.

47. You have a hub and spoke topology - and you are using EIGRP as your IGP. You want only routes that you specify propagated from the spoke of your topology. What EIGRP feature allows you to configure this?
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.

48. What is the term for BGP neighbors?
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
BGP peers
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.

49. You need all redistributed networks to have a specified MED value. What command should you use?
The default cost of the default route is 1.
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
BGP peers
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.

50. What are five possible reasons that the OSPF neighbor list might be empty when troubleshooting OSPF?
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva