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CCNP Route

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. Name two Discretionary Well-Known BGP attributes.
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate

2. What is the Private autonomous system number range used in BGP?
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.

3. What is the correct syntax to find community attributes in routing updates?
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.

4. Given the fact that the BGP route selection process begins by excluding any route with an inaccessible next hop - What is the next route selection criteria that is used?
BGP communicates over TCP port 179
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).

5. The metric of EIGRP contains a reliability component. What is the value that indicates a completely unreliable link?
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.

6. What is the meaning of the following regular expression: _200$
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.

7. Open
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.

8. What does a Type 2 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded?
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
200
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.

9. How do you override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface?
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.

10. How do you ensure the router ID is changed on a device following the use of the router-id command?
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.

11. What is the term for routing between Autonomous Systems?
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
Interdomain routing
Border Gateway Protocol

12. In a LAN - to which router(s) does a DROTHER send an update?
200
Updates are sent to the DR.
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.

13. You are considering the use of route maps in BGP for filtering purposes. Name at least five options for match clause criteria.
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.

14. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O E2 route designator. What does this signify?
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
BGP communicates over TCP port 179
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.

15. Describe a transit AS.
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type

16. Another method is commonly used to solve the IBGP full mesh requirement. It involves the configuration of smaller sub-autonomous systems created within a primary autonomous system. What are these called?
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.

17. You are considering designing an area as a stub area in OSPF. Which LSA types will still flow in this area?
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
The router passes the community information on unchanged.

18. What are the packets in an EIGRP environment that require an acknowledgement?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
BGP peers

19. You can reduce the flooding of LSAs in a stable network topology with what command?

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20. You have configured the demand-circuit configuration in your OSPF network - but the link keeps coming up because of OSPF. Name at least three possible reasons for this.
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
The default cost of the default route is 1.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.

21. What is the term for BGP neighbors?
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
BGP peers
200
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask

22. Describe a dual-homed network.
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
Interdomain routing
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client

23. You need to send a route refresh message to a specific BGP-speaking neighbor. What is the correct command syntax to do so?
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
Interdomain routing
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.

24. What is the command that you use in EIGRP to control the load balancing across unequal cost paths?
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.

25. What is the feasible successor in EIGRP?
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost

26. What kind of routing protocol is BGP?
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router
BGP is a path-vector protocol
Manually configured
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.

27. You are considering the use of a virtual link to connect an OSPF area to the backbone. This link is configured between two ABRs. These ABRs must not be part of what type of area?
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type

28. You want to improve the troubleshooting capabilities of your administration of an OSPF network. You plan to do this by making sure you can ping each router ID of each router. How can you accomplish this?
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
The default cost of the default route is 1.
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.

29. How can you temporarily disable a BGP neighborship?
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom

30. To configure an OSPF area as Totally Stubby - which systems need to have the no-summary keyword configured?
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.

31. When a BGP router receives an update from an EBGP neighbor - it must pass that update to its IBGP neighbors without changing the next-hop attribute. Therefore - IBGP routers must have a route to the network connecting their autonomous system to that
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type

32. What kind of routing protocol is run between Autonomous Systems?
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
Manually configured
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.

33. When an EIGRP-speaking router receives Hello packets from a neighbor for the first time - How does the router respond if it has matching Hello parameters in the packet?
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election

34. What does BGP stand for?
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
Border Gateway Protocol

35. What IP protocol number is used by Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)?
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.

36. What is the purpose of the Type 2 DBD packet?
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown

37. What is the correct command to configure community propagation to BGP neighbors?
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community

38. What is the correct router configuration command that must be issued on all routers in an OSPF area to use the strongest authentication method possible?
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
Aggregator - Community
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.

39. What is the multicast address used by EIGRP for the sending of Hellos and routing updates?
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.

40. You are considering the use of the weight attribute to influence route selection. Is a higher or lower weight preferred by Cisco routers?
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.

41. What is the default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution?
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.

42. For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required? ________
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required

43. What is the default link-state advertisement (LSA) aging timer?
BGP is a path-vector protocol
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom
Border Gateway Protocol
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.

44. Describe a single-homed network.
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
A site with a single ISP connection.
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all

45. What is the term for routers running BGP?
BGP speakers
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification

46. What is the formula used by OSPF for the calculation of cost?

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47. If you do not use the router-id command - how is the router ID selected on an OSPF speaking router?
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
A site with a single ISP connection.
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.

48. What is the default Hello interval for OSPF in a LAN?
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.

49. Which of the Cisco OSPF nonbroadcast multiaccess (NBMA) modes of operation requires a full mesh topology?
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
Updates are sent to the DR.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.

50. How many instances of BGP can be run on a single router?
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router