Test your basic knowledge |

CCNP Route

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the two methods by which BGP injects local routes into the BGP table?
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.

2. What is the administrative distance for IBGP?
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
200

3. What are the actions used by an Outbound Route Filter (ORF) type of Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI)-based filtering (type 1)?
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
The correct command is show ip bgp.
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.

4. The metric of EIGRP is compatible with the metric of the earlier Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP). How do you convert the IGRP metric to the form of EIGRP?
Updates are sent to the DR.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.

5. You have a hub and spoke topology - and you are using EIGRP as your IGP. You want only routes that you specify propagated from the spoke of your topology. What EIGRP feature allows you to configure this?
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.

6. Name at least two reasons why an OSPF neighbor might be stuck in the EXSTART/EXCHANGE state.
BGP is a path-vector protocol
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer

7. When a BGP router receives an update from an EBGP neighbor - it must pass that update to its IBGP neighbors without changing the next-hop attribute. Therefore - IBGP routers must have a route to the network connecting their autonomous system to that
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
BGP communicates over TCP port 179
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.

8. What is the term for routing between Autonomous Systems?
Interdomain routing
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.

9. You are engaged in route filtering using regular expressions. How can you match any single character?

10. Name a Nontransitive BGP attribute.
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
Multi Exit Discriminator.
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer

11. Describe BGP loop prevention.

12. For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required? ________
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.

13. Describe Internal BGP.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
20
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.

14. What is the effect of the network backdoor command in BGP?
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election

15. You are considering manipulating the K values on an EIGRP router. Which routers in the EIGRP domain must have this configuration made?
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.

16. What technique can you use to ensure that a particular classless prefix is always advertised by a BGP-speaking router?
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
20

17. Describe an autonomous system(AS).
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.

18. Which of the Cisco OSPF nonbroadcast multiaccess (NBMA) modes of operation requires a full mesh topology?
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
Updates are sent to the DR.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.

19. What key design requirement of BGP does a BGP route reflector address?
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.

20. Describe a dual-homed network.
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary

21. You are considering the use of the weight attribute to influence route selection. Is a higher or lower weight preferred by Cisco routers?
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
BGP peers
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
The correct command is show ip bgp.

22. Regarding the establishment of OSPF adjacencies - which state follows the Exstart State?
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost

23. Update
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
Interdomain routing
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.

24. You are considering the use of route maps in BGP for filtering purposes. Name at least five options for match clause criteria.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
Multi Exit Discriminator.
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown

25. What does a Type 4 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.

26. Another method is commonly used to solve the IBGP full mesh requirement. It involves the configuration of smaller sub-autonomous systems created within a primary autonomous system. What are these called?
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.

27. What is the correct command to view the BGP table on the local router?
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
The correct command is show ip bgp.
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.

28. What is the IP protocol number used by Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)?
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)

29. What kind of routing protocol is BGP?
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
BGP is a path-vector protocol
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.

30. What does BGP stand for?
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
Border Gateway Protocol
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.

31. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O route designator. What does this signify?
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.

32. What is the term for BGP neighbors?
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
BGP peers
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client

33. What command do you use to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes?
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
BGP is a path-vector protocol
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type

34. You want to propagate a default route to other EIGRP speakers in the autonomous system. What command do you used to accomplish this?
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.

35. What is the Feasible Distance (FD) value in EIGRP?
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.

36. Name at least one reason why an OSPF neighbor might be stuck in the LOADING state.
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.

37. To configure an OSPF area as Totally Stubby - which systems need to have the no-summary keyword configured?
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
BGP peers

38. To what IP address does OSPF send packets destined for all OSPF routers in the LAN?
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.

39. You can reduce the flooding of LSAs in a stable network topology with what command?

40. When an EIGRP-speaking router receives Hello packets from a neighbor for the first time - How does the router respond if it has matching Hello parameters in the packet?
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.

41. When an area is configured as Totally Stubby - what LSAs are flooded into the area?
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community

42. The metric of EIGRP contains a reliability component. What is the value that indicates a completely unreliable link?
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.
A site with a single ISP connection.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.

43. You need to apply a route map to updates that are received from a BGP neighbor. What is the command you use to configure this?
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in

44. Describe a single-homed network.
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
A site with a single ISP connection.
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]

45. How is route tagging with communities actually accomplished in BGP?
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
A site with a single ISP connection.

46. You want to improve the troubleshooting capabilities of your administration of an OSPF network. You plan to do this by making sure you can ping each router ID of each router. How can you accomplish this?
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply

47. What IP protocol number is used by Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)?
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
Multi Exit Discriminator.
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.

48. To what IP address does OSPF send packets destined for the Designated Router (DR) and Backup Designated Router (BDR) in the LAN?
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.

49. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O E1 route designator. What does this signify?
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
A site with a single ISP connection.
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva

50. For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
Aggregator - Community
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election