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Test your basic knowledge |
CCNP Route
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cisco
,
it-skills
,
ccnp
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. You can reduce the flooding of LSAs in a stable network topology with what command?
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2. What is the default link-state advertisement (LSA) aging timer?
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
3. You are concerned that a flapping route is ruining the stability of your BGP network. What command allows the router to remove the update until it is proven to be more stable?
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.
4. What does a Type 3 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.
5. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O E1 route designator. What does this signify?
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
6. What is the default value of the MED attribute?
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.
7. What is the Private autonomous system number range used in BGP?
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
8. How is route tagging with communities actually accomplished in BGP?
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
Manually configured
9. You are considering the use of the weight attribute to influence route selection. Is a higher or lower weight preferred by Cisco routers?
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
Border Gateway Protocol
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.
10. BGP database - or Routing Information Base
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
11. What is the command syntax that you should use inside a route map to configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute to control the choice of a return path?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
12. What does BGP stand for?
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
Border Gateway Protocol
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.
13. What key design requirement of BGP does a BGP route reflector address?
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
14. What is the command that you use to configure an area as Totally Stubby?
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
Interdomain routing
15. What does a Type 7 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
16. Describe an autonomous system(AS).
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
17. What does a Type 5 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
BGP communicates over TCP port 179
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
18. What does a router do if that router does not support BGP communities and a route update appears with community information?
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
19. You need to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally. What command should you use?
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
20. What is the purpose of the Type 2 DBD packet?
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
Manually configured
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
21. Keepalive
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
22. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O route designator. What does this signify?
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.
23. Update
Multi Exit Discriminator.
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
200
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
24. You are considering the usage of manual route summarization in your EIGRP network. How is the metric calculated for the summary route.
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
Interdomain routing
25. What is the command to configure a router as a BGP route reflector?
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
26. What OSPF-related command allows you to reset the refbw value used in the formula for OSPF cost calculation?
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
27. What are five possible reasons that the OSPF neighbor list might be empty when troubleshooting OSPF?
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
28. If you want to modify parameters before inserting prefixes into the BGP table - you can use a route map. Name at least three reasons why this might be accomplished.
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
29. For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
30. You are interested in monitoring the use of your regular expressions for manipulating the BGP routing process. What command can you use to display routes matching the AS-path regular expression?
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
31. What is the administrative distance for EBGP?
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
20
32. What command do you use in OSPF to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR?
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
33. Notification
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.
34. How do you override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface?
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
35. What does a Type 1 LSA describe and Where is this LSA flooded?
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36. You are considering designing an area as a stub area in OSPF. Which LSA types will still flow in this area?
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
37. To what IP address does OSPF send packets destined for the Designated Router (DR) and Backup Designated Router (BDR) in the LAN?
BGP communicates over TCP port 179
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
38. What is the feasible successor in EIGRP?
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
39. Describe a single-homed network.
A site with a single ISP connection.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
40. What is the default Hello interval for OSPF in a LAN?
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
20
41. What are two possible causes for an ABR not to advertise a summary route?
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.
42. To configure an OSPF area as Totally Stubby - which systems need to have the no-summary keyword configured?
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
43. In a Not-So-Stubby Area - what router translates the Type 7 LSA - and What is the LSA translated into?
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
44. What is the Feasible Distance (FD) value in EIGRP?
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.
45. Once adjacencies are established in the LAN and router information is being maintained - what step follows a router noticing a change and multicasting an LSU to 224.0.0.6?
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
The default cost of the default route is 1.
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom
A site with a single ISP connection.
46. What is the multicast address used by EIGRP for the sending of Hellos and routing updates?
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
47. Describe BGP loop prevention.
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48. When an area is configured as Totally Stubby - what LSAs are flooded into the area?
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
49. How does EIGRP deal with a router that is slow in responding to reliable packets with acknowledgements?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
50. You are considering the use of route maps in BGP for filtering purposes. Name at least five options for match clause criteria.
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
Manually configured