Test your basic knowledge |

CCNP Route

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What kind of routing protocol is run within an AS?
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop

2. You have local BGP routing policies you can enact - and you have global autonomous system policies that you can implement. What is the purpose of local preference - local or global?
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.

3. What OSPF-related command allows you to reset the refbw value used in the formula for OSPF cost calculation?
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.

4. Describe an autonomous system(AS).
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.

5. For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
Updates are sent to the DR.
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.

6. Another method is commonly used to solve the IBGP full mesh requirement. It involves the configuration of smaller sub-autonomous systems created within a primary autonomous system. What are these called?
The correct command is show ip bgp.
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.

7. What is the term for routers running BGP?
The default cost of the default route is 1.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
BGP speakers
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.

8. When a BGP router receives an update from an EBGP neighbor - it must pass that update to its IBGP neighbors without changing the next-hop attribute. Therefore - IBGP routers must have a route to the network connecting their autonomous system to that
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
BGP is a path-vector protocol
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all

9. You need to send a route refresh message to a specific BGP-speaking neighbor. What is the correct command syntax to do so?
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
200
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.

10. What are the actions used by an Outbound Route Filter (ORF) type of Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI)-based filtering (type 1)?
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer

11. You are considering the use of a virtual link to connect an OSPF area to the backbone. This link is configured between two ABRs. These ABRs must not be part of what type of area?
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.

12. What are the three possible origin codes as specified by the origin attribute?
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.

13. Update
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply

14. When an area is configured as Totally Stubby - what LSAs are flooded into the area?
BGP speakers
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
The router passes the community information on unchanged.

15. What is the multicast address used by EIGRP for the sending of Hellos and routing updates?
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.

16. Describe a dual-homed network.
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.

17. What does a router do if that router does not support BGP communities and a route update appears with community information?
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.

18. What does a Type 4 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.

19. Describe a transit AS.
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom

20. Which of the Cisco OSPF nonbroadcast multiaccess (NBMA) modes of operation requires a full mesh topology?
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
Interdomain routing
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election

21. You are using the show ip eigrp topology command to troubleshoot your EIGRP network. You notice an entry is marked as Active. What does this indicate?
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask

22. Describe a typical form that your communities can take.
Manually configured
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]

23. If you want to modify parameters before inserting prefixes into the BGP table - you can use a route map. Name at least three reasons why this might be accomplished.
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply

24. What is the default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution?
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command

25. To configure an OSPF area as Totally Stubby - which systems need to have the no-summary keyword configured?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.

26. What is the IP protocol number used by Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)?
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
Multi Exit Discriminator.
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.

27. What is the default Hello interval for OSPF in a LAN?
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in

28. You are engaged in route filtering using regular expressions. How can you match any single character?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

29. What key design requirement of BGP does a BGP route reflector address?
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
Interdomain routing

30. Name at least four BGP-related parameters that you can set with a route map.
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.

31. How can you temporarily disable a BGP neighborship?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.

32. Name three Mandatory Well-Known BGP attributes.
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.

33. What does a Type 7 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom

34. To what IP address does OSPF send packets destined for the Designated Router (DR) and Backup Designated Router (BDR) in the LAN?
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
The router passes the community information on unchanged.

35. What is the administrative distance for EBGP?
20
Interdomain routing
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
Border Gateway Protocol

36. Name at least one reason that an OSPF neighbor can be stuck in the ATTEMPT state.
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all

37. What is the effect of the network backdoor command in BGP?
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.

38. What is the correct command to view the BGP table on the local router?
Updates are sent to the DR.
200
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
The correct command is show ip bgp.

39. How does EIGRP deal with a router that is slow in responding to reliable packets with acknowledgements?
BGP speakers
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.

40. When configuring a Not-So-Stubby Area - Where is the appropriate configuration command applied?
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.

41. When an EIGRP-speaking router receives Hello packets from a neighbor for the first time - How does the router respond if it has matching Hello parameters in the packet?
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.

42. Name at least one reason why an OSPF neighbor might be stuck in the LOADING state.
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.

43. What kind of routing protocol is BGP?
The default cost of the default route is 1.
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).
BGP peers
BGP is a path-vector protocol

44. Regarding the establishment of OSPF adjacencies - which state follows the Exstart State?
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.

45. Are BGP neighbors manually configured or automatically discovered?
Manually configured
Multi Exit Discriminator.
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.

46. What is the correct command to configure community propagation to BGP neighbors?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.

47. You are considering the use of route maps in BGP for filtering purposes. Name at least five options for match clause criteria.
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type

48. Why might an OSPF neighbor be stuck in the 2-WAY state?
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.

49. What is the correct router configuration command that must be issued on all routers in an OSPF area to use the strongest authentication method possible?
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.

50. You want to improve the troubleshooting capabilities of your administration of an OSPF network. You plan to do this by making sure you can ping each router ID of each router. How can you accomplish this?
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable