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CCNP Route

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. Describe a transit AS.
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable

2. What is the default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution?
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.

3. What does a Type 1 LSA describe and Where is this LSA flooded?

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4. What is the correct command to configure community propagation to BGP neighbors?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.

5. Neighbor database
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
Border Gateway Protocol
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.

6. What is the term for routing between Autonomous Systems?
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
Interdomain routing

7. When a BGP router receives an update from an EBGP neighbor - it must pass that update to its IBGP neighbors without changing the next-hop attribute. Therefore - IBGP routers must have a route to the network connecting their autonomous system to that
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.

8. You are engaged in route filtering using regular expressions. How can you match any single character?

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9. Open
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost

10. You want to propagate a default route to other EIGRP speakers in the autonomous system. What command do you used to accomplish this?
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in

11. The metric of EIGRP contains a reliability component. What is the value that indicates a completely unreliable link?
Interdomain routing
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.

12. You need to apply a route map to updates that are received from a BGP neighbor. What is the command you use to configure this?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.

13. What command do you use in OSPF to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR?
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
Interdomain routing

14. To configure an OSPF area as Totally Stubby - which systems need to have the no-summary keyword configured?
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
Updates are sent to the DR.

15. Identify the command that can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment.
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all

16. Describe a single-homed network.
200
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
A site with a single ISP connection.

17. What is the effect of the network backdoor command in BGP?
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.

18. You have configured the demand-circuit configuration in your OSPF network - but the link keeps coming up because of OSPF. Name at least three possible reasons for this.
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable

19. You need to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally. What command should you use?
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command

20. What kind of routing protocol is run within an AS?
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)
BGP is a path-vector protocol

21. What is the administrative distance for EBGP?
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.
20

22. If you want to modify parameters before inserting prefixes into the BGP table - you can use a route map. Name at least three reasons why this might be accomplished.
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.

23. When an EIGRP-speaking router receives Hello packets from a neighbor for the first time - How does the router respond if it has matching Hello parameters in the packet?
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.

24. BGP database - or Routing Information Base
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.

25. What command do you use to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes?
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.

26. What is the command that you use in EIGRP to control the load balancing across unequal cost paths?
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.

27. You need to distribute select BGP prefix information as specified in a prefix-list. What command do you use to enact this?
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
Updates are sent to the DR.
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
A site with a single ISP connection.

28. What is the command that you use to configure an area as Totally Stubby?
You use the following command to configure an area as Totally Stubby: Router(config-router)# area area-id stub no-summary
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
Updates are sent to the DR.
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.

29. For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required? ________
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
The correct command is show ip bgp.
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.

30. Describe External BGP.
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.

31. What is the command syntax that you should use inside a route map to configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute to control the choice of a return path?
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.

32. What are the actions used by an Outbound Route Filter (ORF) type of Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI)-based filtering (type 1)?
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer

33. What are two possible causes for an ABR not to advertise a summary route?
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.
BGP is a path-vector protocol
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all

34. Name at least two reasons that an OSPF neighbor can be stuck in the INIT state:
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.

35. How often are Hello packets sent on a multipoint circuit with bandwidth less than T1 in an EIGRP environment?
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.

36. What is the correct command to view the BGP table on the local router?
Multi Exit Discriminator.
The correct command is show ip bgp.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}

37. How can you temporarily disable a BGP neighborship?
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
The correct command is show ip bgp.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown

38. You are using the show ip eigrp topology command to troubleshoot your EIGRP network. You notice an entry is marked as Active. What does this indicate?
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.

39. Keepalive
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.

40. You need all redistributed networks to have a specified MED value. What command should you use?
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:

41. In a LAN - to which router(s) does a DROTHER send an update?
Updates are sent to the DR.
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.

42. You have a serial point-to-point connection in your OSPF-enabled WAN environment. Is there a DR/BDR election process in this environment by default?
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router

43. What is the default cost of the default route generated by the Totally Stubby configuration of OSPF area?
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
The default cost of the default route is 1.
Multi Exit Discriminator.
BGP is a path-vector protocol

44. What is the feasible successor in EIGRP?
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.

45. What is the correct router configuration command that must be issued on all routers in an OSPF area to use the strongest authentication method possible?
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.

46. How is route tagging with communities actually accomplished in BGP?
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.

47. What is the term for BGP neighbors?
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
BGP peers
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
A site with a single ISP connection.

48. Which of the Cisco OSPF nonbroadcast multiaccess (NBMA) modes of operation requires a full mesh topology?
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.

49. What is the correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF?
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
BGP peers
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client

50. What is the Feasible Distance (FD) value in EIGRP?
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.