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CCNP Route

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the Private autonomous system number range used in BGP?
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.

2. What does a router do if that router does not support BGP communities and a route update appears with community information?
BGP speakers
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
The router passes the community information on unchanged.
BGP peers

3. What does BGP stand for?
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
Border Gateway Protocol
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate

4. When an EIGRP-speaking router receives Hello packets from a neighbor for the first time - How does the router respond if it has matching Hello parameters in the packet?
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
BGP communicates over TCP port 179
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.
Updates are sent to the DR.

5. For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)

6. What is the correct router configuration command that must be issued on all routers in an OSPF area to use the strongest authentication method possible?
Border Gateway Protocol
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.

7. What IP protocol number is used by Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)?
20
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.

8. What is the administrative distance for IBGP?
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
200

9. What are the three BGP route reception options?
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.

10. What is the command that you use in EIGRP to control the load balancing across unequal cost paths?
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.

11. Name at least four BGP-related parameters that you can set with a route map.
Border Gateway Protocol
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)

12. You need all redistributed networks to have a specified MED value. What command should you use?
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
The Router LSA (Type 1) lists all of a router's links and their state. These LSAs are flooded within the area they originated.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.

13. How can you change the amount of bandwidth that EIGRP consumes on an interface?
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.

14. What is the term for BGP neighbors?
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
BGP peers
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer

15. How do you ensure the router ID is changed on a device following the use of the router-id command?
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client

16. What is the multicast address used by EIGRP for the sending of Hellos and routing updates?
The correct command is show ip bgp.
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.
EIGRP uses the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.10 for Hellos and routing updates.
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.

17. What is the term for routing between Autonomous Systems?
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
Interdomain routing
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in

18. The four types of BGP messages.
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction

19. What is the effect of the network backdoor command in BGP?
Multi Exit Discriminator.
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
BGP speakers

20. You have configured the demand-circuit configuration in your OSPF network - but the link keeps coming up because of OSPF. Name at least three possible reasons for this.
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable

21. How do you override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface?
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
Use the Router(config-if)# ip ospf cost value command to override the cost value that is calculated for a particular interface.
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.

22. What are the two methods by which BGP injects local routes into the BGP table?
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
BGP peers
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.

23. You are considering designing an area as a stub area in OSPF. Which LSA types will still flow in this area?
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.

24. Describe a transit AS.
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.

25. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O IA route designator. What does this signify?
Updates are sent to the DR.
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.

26. For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)

27. You are utilizing the soft reconfiguration feature of Cisco IOS Release 12.x with BGP. You have completed the changes to filters and route maps that are applied on the outgoing information. What command should you execute?
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]

28. You are considering the use of a virtual link to connect an OSPF area to the backbone. This link is configured between two ABRs. These ABRs must not be part of what type of area?
Aggregator - Community
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
BGP is a path-vector protocol
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.

29. What command should you use to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router?
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.

30. What is the default cost of the default route generated by the Totally Stubby configuration of OSPF area?
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
The default cost of the default route is 1.
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.

31. Name at least two reasons that an OSPF neighbor can be stuck in the INIT state:
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command

32. Name at least two standard filtering-oriented communities for use in BGP.
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP

33. What does a Type 4 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required

34. You have local BGP routing policies you can enact - and you have global autonomous system policies that you can implement. What is the purpose of local preference - local or global?
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
Border Gateway Protocol
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router

35. To what IP address does OSPF send packets destined for the Designated Router (DR) and Backup Designated Router (BDR) in the LAN?
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable

36. To what IP address does OSPF send packets destined for all OSPF routers in the LAN?
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.

37. Describe a dual-homed network.
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
BGP communicates over TCP port 179

38. You need to send a route refresh message to a specific BGP-speaking neighbor. What is the correct command syntax to do so?
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.

39. Name three Mandatory Well-Known BGP attributes.
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.

40. You are concerned that a flapping route is ruining the stability of your BGP network. What command allows the router to remove the update until it is proven to be more stable?
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
BGP speakers

41. When a BGP router receives an update from an EBGP neighbor - it must pass that update to its IBGP neighbors without changing the next-hop attribute. Therefore - IBGP routers must have a route to the network connecting their autonomous system to that
For the nonbroadcast (NBMA) RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.

42. Notification
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.

43. In a Not-So-Stubby Area - what router translates the Type 7 LSA - and What is the LSA translated into?
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).

44. Over which IP protocol does BGP communicate?
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
BGP communicates over TCP port 179
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.

45. What is the correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF?
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.
Border Gateway Protocol
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate

46. What does a Type 2 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded?
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate

47. Describe BGP loop prevention.

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48. You are considering manipulating the K values on an EIGRP router. Which routers in the EIGRP domain must have this configuration made?
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
The default cost of the default route is 1.
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required

49. Are BGP neighbors manually configured or automatically discovered?
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
Manually configured
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.

50. Describe a multihomed network.
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom
200
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.