Test your basic knowledge |

CCNP Route

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the term for BGP neighbors?
BGP peers
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
BGP speakers

2. If you do not use the router-id command - how is the router ID selected on an OSPF speaking router?
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP)

3. What is the Advertised Distance (AD) in EIGRP?
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.

4. For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.

5. What command do you use in OSPF to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR?
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
Use the following command to configure inter-area route summarization on the ABR: Router(config-router)# area area-id range address mask
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.

6. What does a Type 5 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
The AS External (Type 5) LSAs advertise an external destination or a default route to an external destination. These LSAs are originated by ASBRs. They are flooded throughout the autonomous system.
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.

7. If you want to modify parameters before inserting prefixes into the BGP table - you can use a route map. Name at least three reasons why this might be accomplished.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
20

8. What are the three possible origin codes as specified by the origin attribute?
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown

9. What key design requirement of BGP does a BGP route reflector address?
Route reflectors help address the fact that BGP requires that all BGP peers in the same autonomous system form an Internal BGP (IBGP) session with all peers in the autonomous system.
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.

10. What is the default value of the MED attribute?
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router

11. What does a Type 7 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction

12. What kind of routing protocol is run between Autonomous Systems?
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.

13. You can manipulate the administrative distance of three different types of OSPF routes. What are the three types?
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-map name in
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.

14. For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required

15. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O IA route designator. What does this signify?
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
Border Gateway Protocol
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.

16. What is the command that you use in EIGRP to control the load balancing across unequal cost paths?
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.

17. You want to improve the troubleshooting capabilities of your administration of an OSPF network. You plan to do this by making sure you can ping each router ID of each router. How can you accomplish this?
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.

18. By default - how much bandwidth does EIGRP consume on an interface for its operations?
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.

19. Why might an OSPF neighbor be stuck in the 2-WAY state?
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.

20. What is the effect of the network backdoor command in BGP?
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.5.
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.

21. Describe an autonomous system(AS).
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.

22. The metric of EIGRP is compatible with the metric of the earlier Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP). How do you convert the IGRP metric to the form of EIGRP?
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.

23. What technique can you use to ensure that a particular classless prefix is always advertised by a BGP-speaking router?
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
EIGRP uses IP protocol number 88.
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
Place a static route pointing to NULL0 in the IP routing table.

24. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O E2 route designator. What does this signify?
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
These are Type-2 external routes. Again - they define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. In this case cost is always the external cost only. This is the default OSPF external route type on Cisco routers.
BGP speakers
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.

25. What is the Private autonomous system number range used in BGP?
Multi Exit Discriminator.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.

26. What is the command syntax that you should use inside a route map to configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute to control the choice of a return path?
The default cost of the default route is 1.
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.

27. What is the default cost of the default route generated by the Totally Stubby configuration of OSPF area?
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
The default cost of the default route is 1.

28. Name a Nontransitive BGP attribute.
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
Multi Exit Discriminator.
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.

29. For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ - DR/BDR election required? ________
Border Gateway Protocol
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.

30. What are five possible reasons that the OSPF neighbor list might be empty when troubleshooting OSPF?
Interdomain routing
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.

31. What is the purpose of the Type 2 DBD packet?
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.

32. How can you change the amount of bandwidth that EIGRP consumes on an interface?
This percentage can be changed on a per-interface basis by using the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp interface configuration command.
BGP speakers
20
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown

33. Keepalive
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP

34. What is the default Hello interval for OSPF in a LAN?
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of

35. Describe a dual-multihomed network.
Local Preference - Atomic Aggregate
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.

36. When a BGP router receives an update from an EBGP neighbor - it must pass that update to its IBGP neighbors without changing the next-hop attribute. Therefore - IBGP routers must have a route to the network connecting their autonomous system to that
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
10 seconds is the default Hello interval and the default Dead interval is 4 times that value.
Use the neighbor [ip address] next-hop-self command in BGP configuration mode.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]

37. Once adjacencies are established in the LAN and router information is being maintained - what step follows a router noticing a change and multicasting an LSU to 224.0.0.6?
Interdomain routing
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
A site with a single ISP connection.

38. What is the administrative distance for EBGP?
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.
20
Slow neighbors are sent unicast packets in an attempt to resolve issues with slow neighbors.
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.

39. What is the correct command to configure community propagation to BGP neighbors?
The correct command is show ip bgp.
Only one instance of BGP can be run on a single router
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community
BGP speakers

40. Given the fact that the BGP route selection process begins by excluding any route with an inaccessible next hop - What is the next route selection criteria that is used?
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.

41. What does a Type 3 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded by default?
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.

42. In a Not-So-Stubby Area - what router translates the Type 7 LSA - and What is the LSA translated into?
The Type 7 LSA is translated into a Type 5 LSA by the ABR.
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.

43. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O route designator. What does this signify?
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.

44. Describe BGP loop prevention.

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

45. Describe a typical form that your communities can take.
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.

46. Name at least one reason why an OSPF neighbor might be stuck in the LOADING state.
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
Interdomain routing

47. What is the term for routing between Autonomous Systems?
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
Interdomain routing
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.

48. What is the correct syntax to find community attributes in routing updates?
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
Access list or L2 problem blocking Hellos in one direction - Multicast non-functional on one side - Authentication configured on only one side - broadcast keyword missing from the map command
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.

49. What is the term for routers running BGP?
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
BGP is a path-vector protocol
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
BGP speakers

50. What does a Type 2 LSA describe - what router produces it - and Where is it flooded?
The Network LSA (Type 2) lists all attached routers. These LSAs are produced by the DR on every multi-access network. They are flooded within the originating area.
An OSPF stub area is an area into which External LSAs are not flooded (Type 4 and 5 LSAs are blocked.) Type 1 - 2 - and 3 LSAs are still used in a stub area.
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.