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CCNP Route

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. What is the command syntax that you should use inside a route map to configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute to control the choice of a return path?
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
You can configure manual manipulation of the AS-path attribute with the set as-path prepend command.
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.

2. What command should you use to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router?
BGP peers
You can use the show ip ospf command to verify the router ID of an OSPF-speaking router.
Mismatched MTU - Corrupted link-state request packet
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.

3. What is the term for routing between Autonomous Systems?
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
Interdomain routing
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.

4. Describe a typical form that your communities can take.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
The default origin code for BGP routes that you inject using redistribution is unknown.

5. Describe BGP loop prevention.

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6. What is the correct command to configure community propagation to BGP neighbors?
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.
BGP is a path-vector protocol
The Cisco mode of Broadcast requires a full mesh topology.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community

7. What does a Type 1 LSA describe and Where is this LSA flooded?

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8. What is the default link-state advertisement (LSA) aging timer?
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
The default LSA aging timer is 30 minutes.
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
The network backdoor router configuration command causes the administrative distance assigned to the network to be forced to 200. The goal is to make Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) learned routes preferred.

9. You want to improve the troubleshooting capabilities of your administration of an OSPF network. You plan to do this by making sure you can ping each router ID of each router. How can you accomplish this?
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
The BGP process injects local routes in two different ways[md]1) using the network configuration commands and 2) using redistribution by another routing protocol.

10. You have local BGP routing policies you can enact - and you have global autonomous system policies that you can implement. What is the purpose of local preference - local or global?
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
Interdomain routing
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.

11. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O IA route designator. What does this signify?
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
The router passes the community information on unchanged.

12. Notification
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.
When a problem occurs that causes a router to end the BGP peering session - a notificationmessage is sent to the BGP neighbor and the connection is closed.
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.

13. How often are Hello packets sent on a multipoint circuit with bandwidth less than T1 in an EIGRP environment?
The highest IP address of an active interface is selected; any loopback interface overrides this behavior. Therefore - if you have loopback interfaces - the highest IP address on an active loopback interface is selected.
A site with two connections to multiple ISPs. This gives the most redundancy. BGP is used with the ISPs and can be used internally also.
OSPF not enabled properly on appropriate interfaces - Layer 1 or 2 not functional - Passive interface configured - Access list(s) blocking Hello packets in multiple directions - Error in IP address or subnet mask configuration - Hello or Dead interva
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.

14. For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ - DR/BDR election required? ________
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
For the Broadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic - DR/BDR election required? DR/BDR election
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.

15. You have configured the demand-circuit configuration in your OSPF network - but the link keeps coming up because of OSPF. Name at least three possible reasons for this.
Link flapping - Network type being broadcast - PPP host route being redistributed - One router being not demand-circuit capable
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
A list of paths to each network used by the router - and the next hop for each network. To view it - use the show ip route command.
The AD is the cost between that next hop router and the destination.

16. Keepalive
EIGRP stub routing is a feature that allows you to specify the routes that are propagated from the spoke.
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
BGP peers exchange keepalive messages every 60 seconds by default. These keep the peering session active.
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address soft out

17. You are using the show ip eigrp topology command to troubleshoot your EIGRP network. You notice an entry is marked as Active. What does this indicate?
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
This network is currently unavailable and installation cannot occur in the routing table. The router is currently searching for a replacement route.
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.

18. What kind of routing protocol is run between Autonomous Systems?
Using the default-network command - you can configure a default route for the EIGRP process so that it propagates to other EIGRP routers within the same autonomous system.
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
Cisco's implementation of OSPF calculates the metric using the following formula: - cost = refbw/bandwidth - The default refbw is 100 Mbps.
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.

19. Regarding the establishment of OSPF adjacencies - which state follows the Exstart State?
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
Origin - AS-Path - Next-Hop
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment

20. For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required? ________
An ABR might not advertise a summary route for the following reasons:
Border Gateway Protocol
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
In EIGRP - a reliability of value 1 indicates a completely unreliable link.

21. For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
Changing the weight of a locally sourced route - Tagging source routes with BGP communities - Setting the local preference - Changing the value of the MED
During the OSPF adjacency process - the Exchange State follows the Exstart State.
For the Point-to-point Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
The next route selection criteria is for the router to prefer the highest weight (local to router).

22. What is the purpose of the Type 2 DBD packet?
The Database Description (DBD) packet type checks for database synchronization between routers.
The no-summary keyword needs to be used on the ABR only.
Use the following command to configure route summarization on an ASBR to summarize external routes: Router(config-router)# summary-address address mask [not-advertise] [tag tag]
20

23. Describe Internal BGP.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address shutdown
Router# clear ip bgp ip-address in
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
IBGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in the same autonomous system.

24. Describe a dual-homed network.
A site that has two connections to the same ISP - either from one router or two routers. One might be primary and the other backup - or the site might load balance over both links. Either static or dynamic routing would work in this case.
Mismatched interface MTU - Duplicate router IDs on routers - Broken unicast connectivity - Network type of point-to-point between PRI and BRI/dialer
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.
The only LSA flooded into the area is a single Type 3 default LSA.

25. Why might an OSPF neighbor be stuck in the 2-WAY state?
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]

26. You have a serial point-to-point connection in your OSPF-enabled WAN environment. Is there a DR/BDR election process in this environment by default?
Type 7 LSAs are special external routes that you permit in a Not-So-Stubby area.
No DR/BDR election exists in a point-to-point environment by default.
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.

27. You are interested in monitoring the use of your regular expressions for manipulating the BGP routing process. What command can you use to display routes matching the AS-path regular expression?
To ensure that the router ID can be pinged - be sure to advertise the address using the appropriate network command.
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.

28. What is the term for BGP neighbors?
The Network Summary (Type 3) LSA is sent into an area to advertise destinations outside the area. These LSAs are originated by Area Border Routers (ABRs). They flood throughout the autonomous system.
Updates are sent to the DR.
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
BGP peers

29. You are considering the use of the weight attribute to influence route selection. Is a higher or lower weight preferred by Cisco routers?
Confederations are another method of solving the IBGP full mesh requirement. Confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems created within the primary autonomous system to decrease the number of BGP peer connections.
Packets that require acknowledgement are as follows: Update - Query - Reply
Cisco routers prefer a higher weight value.
[AS-number]:[low-order-16-bits]

30. Describe a multihomed network.
A site connected to more than one ISP at the same time. It is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails - and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. This also gives you an ISP-independent solution.
The correct command to configure a Not-So-Stubby Area in OSPF is as follows: Router(config-router)# area area-id nssa [no-redistribution] [default-information-originate]
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
For an OSPF router to advertise a default route into an area - the command default-information originate must be used. If the advertising router does not possess a default route in its routing table - you can use the always keyword to still generate

31. For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation - fill in the following information: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? ________ DR/BDR election required?
For the Point-to-multipoint RFC-compliant mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Dynamic DR/BDR election required? Not required
On-demand circuit is an enhancement that allows efficient operations over dialup - ISDN - and other on-demand circuits.
Three different administrative distance values are possible for OSPF[md]intra-area routes - inter-area routes - and external routes. By default all are set to 110.
Route tagging with communities is always done with a route map. You can specify any number of communities. Communities specified in the set keyword overwrite existing communities unless you specify the additive option.

32. You are considering the use of route maps in BGP for filtering purposes. Name at least five options for match clause criteria.
Use the bgp default local-preference command to change the default local preference value applied to all updates coming from external neighbors or originating locally.
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
A list of networks known by BGP - along with their paths and attributes. To view it - use the show ip bgp command.
IP network numbers and subnet masks (prefix-list or access-list) - Route originator - Next hop - Origin code - Tag value attached to an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) route - AS-path - Community - IGP route type

33. How often are Hello packets sent on a point-to-point subinterface in an EIGRP environment?
A virtual link is a link to the backbone through a non-backbone area. Virtual links are created between two ABRs - and the area cannot be stub.
Hellos are sent every 5 seconds on broadcast links - as well as p2p serial - p2p subinterface - and multipoint circuits greater than T1.
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.

34. What is the meaning of the following regular expression: _200$
The command is applied on all routers in the area.
Local preference can be used to enact global autonomous system routing policies.
The NSSA External (Type 7) LSA is almost identical to a Type 5 AS External LSA - yet it is used to create Not-So-Stubby Areas. An NSSA ASBR generates this LSA - and an NSSA ABR translates it into a Type 5 LSA - which gets propagated into the OSPF dom
This regular expression matches routes that originated in autonomous system 200.

35. When an EIGRP-speaking router receives Hello packets from a neighbor for the first time - How does the router respond if it has matching Hello parameters in the packet?
ADD - Adds a line to a prefix-list filter on the remote peer - DELETE - Removes a line from a filter that was previously installed on a remote peer - DELETE ALL - Removes all previously installed filters on the remote peer
The router responds with an update of the routing information it possesses.
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
BGP's loop prevention mechanism is an autonomous system number. When an update about a network leaves an autonomous system - that autonomous system's number is prepended to the list of autonomous systems that have handled that update. When an autonom

36. Describe an autonomous system(AS).
An autonomous system is a group of networks under a common administration. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns AS numbers: 1 to 64511 are public AS numbers and 64512 to 65535 are private AS numbers.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
Origin - Next-hop - Weight - Community - Local preference - Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.

37. What is the administrative distance for IBGP?
The BGP standards define several filtering-oriented communities for your use: no-export - Do not advertise routes to real External BGP (EBGP) peers - no-advertise - Do not advertise routes to any peer - local-as - Do not advertise routes to any EBGP
Default routes from each provider - default routes plus some more specific routes - and all routes from all providers. Either use static routes - or advertise the site routes to the ISP and receive a default route from the ISP.
Router(config)# ip community-list 1-99 permit|deny value [ value ... ]
200

38. You need all redistributed networks to have a specified MED value. What command should you use?
Hellos are sent every 60 seconds on multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than T1.
Using the default-metric command in BGP configuration mode causes all redistributed networks to have the specified MED value.
For the Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast Cisco mode of operation: Dynamic or manual neighbor configuration? Manual - DR/BDR election required? Not required
To display routes matching the AS-path regular expression - use the show ip bgp regexp command.

39. Are BGP neighbors manually configured or automatically discovered?
The next hop router for a backup path is called the feasible successor.
A Priority value of 0 is configured on all routers.
Open - Update - Keepalive - Notification
Manually configured

40. You are examining the results of the show ip route command - and you notice several OSPF routes bear an O route designator. What does this signify?
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.
Router(config-router)# area area-id default-cost cost
Misconfigured neighbor statement - Unicast non-functional in NBMA environment
The O indicates the route is an OSPF intra-area route. The network destination is within the same area as the router on which this command is issued.

41. What is the command that you use in EIGRP to control the load balancing across unequal cost paths?
Use the variance command in EIGRP to control load balancing behavior[md]potentially across unequal bandwidth links.
A list of all configured BGP neighbors. To view it - use the show ip bgp summary command.
OSPF uses IP protocol number 89.
External BGP is a BGP peering relationship between routers in different autonomous systems.

42. How can a router qualify as a feasible successor in EIGRP?
To qualify as a feasible successor - a next hop router must have an AD less than the FD of the current successor route. More than one feasible successor can exist.
String matching ranges and wildcards - brackets '[]' can be used for ranges - and the '.' can match any single character.
DROTHERs form an adjacency with the DR and BDR.
The ASBR Summary (Type 4) LSA advertises an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) destination. This LSA is originated at an ABR. This LSA type is flooded throughout an autonomous system.

43. You need to distribute select BGP prefix information as specified in a prefix-list. What command do you use to enact this?
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
These routes are Type-1 external routes. They define networks outside of the autonomous system and are advertised by Type 5 LSAs. The cost is calculated by adding the external cost to the internal cost of each link that the packet crosses. The use of
Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-listname {in | out}
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.

44. What is the correct router configuration command that must be issued on all routers in an OSPF area to use the strongest authentication method possible?
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.
Router(config-router)# area area_id authentication message-digest Note: Additional (interface configuration) commands are required for the configuration of authentication - but this is the router configuration command required.
The neighbor command can be used to manually configure a neighbor in a NBMA OSPF environment. The full syntax of the command is: - Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address [priority number] [poll-interval seconds] [cost number] [database-filter all
Exterior Gateway Protocol(EGP). BGP v4 is the only EGP currently in use.

45. Describe a transit AS.
Route dampening can make the network more stable. To enable route dampening - use the bgp dampening command.
Once using the command - you use the clear ip ospf process to reset the OSPF process and change the router ID.
A transit AS is an AS through which traffic to another AS travels - such as with an ISP.
EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth (as set by the bandwidth command) for its operations.

46. You are engaged in route filtering using regular expressions. How can you match any single character?

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47. To what IP address does OSPF send packets destined for the Designated Router (DR) and Backup Designated Router (BDR) in the LAN?
These route types are OSPF inter-area routes. They define networks outside of the area of the router - but within the autonomous system. Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise these route types.
IGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Unknown
OSPF addresses packets to multicast address 224.0.0.6.
Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address send-community

48. What is the Private autonomous system number range used in BGP?
Reduce the flooding of LSAs in stable topologies by setting LSAs to 'do not age' - Router(config-if)# ip ospf flood-reduction
The Private autonomous system number range is 64512[nd]65535.
To reset the value - use the following command on each router: Router(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth refbw
Message used to transfer routing information between peers. Includes new routes - withdrawn routes - and path attributes.

49. You need to configure BGP community propagation for a large number of BGP neighbors. What is the ideal mechanism to use to assist with this configuration?
The default value of the MED attribute is 0.
BGP peer groups would be ideal for this situation.
Multiply the IGRP metric by 256.
After a neighbor is configured - BGP sends an open message to try to establish peering with that neighbor. Includes information such as autonomous system number - router ID - and hold time.

50. Once adjacencies are established in the LAN and router information is being maintained - what step follows a router noticing a change and multicasting an LSU to 224.0.0.6?
Multi Exit Discriminator.
The next step in the update process features the DR acknowledging the LSU and flooding it to all OSPF speakers using multicast 224.0.0.5.
You must manipulate the K values on all routers if you plan to manipulate them on one.
Lowest cost route calculated by adding the cost between the next hop router and the destination (AD) and the cost between the local router and the next hop. This sum is referred to as the FD.