CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. If a wireless station needs to transmit and no other device is transmitting - what happens?
Configure non-silent submode
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack
1-name the chain - 2-establish a key number - 3-create the key string - 4-apply the chain to the string
Trunk


2. How does DAI work?
Globally
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced
The port uses 802.1x exchange to move from unauthorized to authorized. Requires app on client
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.


3. How does backbonefast determine whether alternative paths exist?
Within a single MST region - an IST instances runs to work out a loop free topology between links where CST meets the region boundary and all switches in the region. It runs at the boundary.
Each frame transmits its expected duration time
1- inferior BDPU on blocked-considered alternative - 2-inferior on root-all blocked ports considered alternate - 3-if inferior arrives on root and no blocked ports - assumes loss of connectivity to root
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.


4. What is a punt adjacency?
Packets must be sent to the L3 engine for further processing
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
1- enable MST - 2-enter MST config mode - 3-assign region name and region configuration rev - 4-map vlans to an MSTI - 5-show pending changes - 6- commit by exiting
The same as a standby group in HSRP


5. How does the standby handle ARP issues after it becomes active?
1- inferior BDPU on blocked-considered alternative - 2-inferior on root-all blocked ports considered alternate - 3-if inferior arrives on root and no blocked ports - assumes loss of connectivity to root
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan
By sending a gratuitous ARP
Option 43


6. What is the STP listening state?
The TOS field in the header is used. 2 methods 3 bits or 6 bits
The total delay from start to finish
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance
Can send and receive BDPUs


7. How does L3 QOS classification happen?
Only a single host connects . If one BDPU is received - it is no longer an edge port
Used to switch packets that can't be forwarded normallly due to an encapsulation failure - unresolved address - unsupported protocol - etc.
Half-duplex
The TOS field in the header is used. 2 methods 3 bits or 6 bits


8. What is a baby giant frame?
When a port moves into forwarding or from fowarding or learning to blocking.
No
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers
The point at which a switch decides to trust incoming Qos. Usually at boundary with ISP


9. What is unique about HSRP group numbers?
1-(opt) configure load balancing - 2-select the interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-select the mode and submode
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another
Globally
Silent


10. What does the standby HSRP router do?
Immediate (class 2)
If a unidirectional link is detected - the switch doesn't try to reestablish the link. ULD msgs are sent once/sec for 8 seconds - then the port is err-disabled
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router


11. If the WLC connects to an Etherchannel - how should the channel be configured and why?

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12. RSTP backup port
Port with redundant - but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate
Can send and receive BDPUs
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP
Each network device handles packets individually with no advance reservations


13. How do you prevent switch spoofing?
Very high L3 throughput - no access lists or port filtering - redundancy and resilience - advanced QoS
Data and voice over native vlan no QOS and no 802.1p trunk
By configuring every switch port to have an expected and controlled behavior
Hosts associated with a secondary VLAN can communicate with ports on the primary but not with another secondary VLAN


14. How does HSRP port tracking work?

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15. RSTP edge port
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains
The port will operate under 802.1D rules. If they are received on the same port - it will run 802.1D until the migration delay expires
Only a single host connects . If one BDPU is received - it is no longer an edge port


16. What are the 2 types of secondary VLAN?
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID
Those that connect to other switches
Isolated and community
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary


17. What is the GLBP group and priority range
The total delay from start to finish
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches


18. Can loop guard and udld be used together?
Globally or per-port
Each frame transmits its expected duration time
Yes
12 kbps with headers and compression


19. Where should you change the network diameter value?
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves
Cisco recommends only on the root bridge
802.1w
Promiscuous and host


20. What does the RP do?
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it
Between any type of interface as long as the interface can have an L3 address assigned
No shut
If the switch or the powered device doesn't suport power class discovery


21. What 2 tunnelling mechanisms do the LAP and WLC use to communicate?
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active
LWAPP (Cisco proprietary) and CAP-WAP (standards based)


22. What is a wireless mobility group?
Up to 4 can be used in a group. Called active virtual forwarders (AVF)
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group
Distribution
No


23. What is RPR?
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions
12 kbps with headers and compression
They disguise the origin of an attack
It can't


24. What is the STP learning state?
1-(opt) set system priority - 2-select interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-set the mode - 5-(opt) set the port priority
The total delay from start to finish
The port will operate under 802.1D rules. If they are received on the same port - it will run 802.1D until the migration delay expires
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses


25. How does UDLD work?
Discarding - learning - forwarding
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD
16 - IST gets MSTI 0 - 1-15 are available for use. MSTIs are locally significant to the MST region
Port stays up - packets from violating MACs dropped - no logging


26. How many tunnels exist between the LAP and WLC?
Connects to a router - firewall - or gateway. Can communicate with anything else connected to the primary or any secondary. Ignores pvlan config
2 - one for control messages and one for data
19
Cisco ILP and 802.3af


27. RSTP discarding state
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)
Per VLAN
19
Gets assistance from other NSF-aware neighbors. NSF features need to be built into the routing protocols on router needing and providing assistance


28. How far chould a VLAN extend?
Flash (class 3)
12 kbps with headers and compression
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.
Distribution layer


29. How does a Cisco IP phone connect upstream?
Up to 4 can be used in a group. Called active virtual forwarders (AVF)
Best effort delivery - integrated services model - and differentiated services model
Via an 802.1Q trunk or a single VLAN access port
Silent


30. How does every VRRP command begin?
Per VLAN
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer
Nonstop forwarding is an interactive method focusing on rebuilding the RIB after SUP switchover


31. What is an ESS?
Almost eliminates listening and learning states for single hosts on an access link
Some unused bits are used to allow a port to identify its role and state. Also the BDPUs state that they are V2 BDPUs
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table


32. How does RSTP converge?
Configuration and TCN
Each network device handles packets individually with no advance reservations
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves
Only on ports that have same static VLANs or trunking. It also modifies parameters of the channel if one of the ports is modified


33. How does the CEF L3 engine operate?

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34. When should CDP be enabled?
1-enable AAA on switch - 2-define RADIUS servers - 3-define authentication method - 4-enable 802.1x on switch - 5-conf. 802.1x ports - 6-allow hosts
By creating a static IP binding
Real-time Transport Protocol
Only for trusted Cisco gear - especially phones


35. RSTP uses which standard?
802.1w
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains


36. What do you need to determine to use MSTP?
Change in trunk encap
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker
Edge - root - and point to point


37. What are the restrictions for bundling into an Etherchannel?
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports
A host port goes up or down
Critical...used most often for IPT


38. What is the default 802.3af power class and its use?

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39. How is 802.1x configured for port security?
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS
RADIUS
Configuration and TCN
802.11


40. Where is bdpu guard enabled?
Can send and receive BDPUs
All user ports that have portfast enabled
Globally
Auto mode


41. What pins does FE use?
1/2 and 3/6
1- inferior BDPU on blocked-considered alternative - 2-inferior on root-all blocked ports considered alternate - 3-if inferior arrives on root and no blocked ports - assumes loss of connectivity to root
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset
Discarding - learning - forwarding


42. What happens when switches receive a configuration BDPU?
The configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay
16 - IST gets MSTI 0 - 1-15 are available for use. MSTIs are locally significant to the MST region
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)


43. How does GLBP work?
The port is forced to always authorize any connected client with no authentication necessary (default)
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance
Show standby
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface


44. What is a cell?

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45. What must you be sure of if AP cells overlap?

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46. How does HSRP do MD5 authentication?
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root
300 sec by default
By using a hash of a key string


47. Where shoul dmultilayer switches be implemented?
By configuring every switch port to have an expected and controlled behavior
It can't
Port with best root path cost on segment
Distribution layer


48. How long are TCAM masks?
134 bits
FE and GE
Variation in delay
The active router. All other routers are in backup state


49. what I s distributed CEF (dCEF)?
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.
A port can only forward or relay BDPUs - but can't receive them - disabled by default - enabled per-port - blocks port when superior BDPUs are received
Only on ports that have same static VLANs or trunking. It also modifies parameters of the channel if one of the ports is modified
FIB


50. What is an insignificant topology change?
Only when a nonedge port transitions to forwarding
A host port goes up or down
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
On root - because the root bridge propagates timers with config BDPU