CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is a proxy arp?

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2. If a wireless station needs to transmit and no other device is transmitting - what happens?
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack
Stateful switchover - redundant sup is fully booted and init'd. Both start and run config are synched as is L2 information - and switchinterfaces.
A point to point port type
Real-time Transport Protocol


3. What is the STP learning state?
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses
Untrusted
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC
Prevents the dhcp binding DB from being checked.


4. How does HSRP gateway addressing work
Stateful switchover - redundant sup is fully booted and init'd. Both start and run config are synched as is L2 information - and switchinterfaces.
A point to point port type but the neighboring device runs traditional 802.1D STP
Each physical interface has a different IP address. All physical interfaces point to a virtual interface called the standby address or VIP
Sends a test tone on the transmit pair. If a device is detected - CDP is used to narrow down the power class.


5. How do VRRP routers handle preemption?
On by default
L2
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block


6. What are the three basic types of QOS?
Best effort delivery - integrated services model - and differentiated services model
Checks the sender's ip in all arp requests and checks the sender's IP against target IP in all replies
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number


7. How are BDPUs spread?
No
L2
Variation in delay
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00


8. What is the RSTP default hello interval?
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server
2 seconds
2 - one for control messages and one for data


9. What if RSTP BDPUs aren't received?
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged
Differentiated services code point
Immediate (class 2)
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config


10. Whan is a 10GE WAN PHY?
Regions and instances
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
Connects with SONET or SDH
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)


11. What is RPR+?

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12. If a wireless station needs to transmit and another device is transmitting - what happens?
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions
Usually QoS from VOIP but not PC dataa


13. How is a QoS trust bondary configured?
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
4
A point to point port type but the neighboring device runs traditional 802.1D STP


14. What is a LACP priority?
Local only
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)
L2
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10


15. What is the port priority range?
The ASIC
0-255 (lower is better)
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value


16. If there are 2 ports with same root cost - how is the tie broken for designated port?
1-lowest root bridge ID - 2-lowest root path cost - 3-lowest bridgeID - 4-lowest port ID
Dynamic WEP keys that change periodically
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan


17. What is the distribution layer best practice?
802.11
The distribution layer should have only L3 links
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS
Via an 802.1Q trunk or a single VLAN access port


18. What is a bridge ID made up of?
Create 2 hsrp groups - each with the active router being different switches - then have clients point to each
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10
Bridge priority and MAC


19. What is RPVST+?
Automatically by duplex mode in use. Full duplex are point ot point. Half duplex ports use traditional 802.1D convergence is used.
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.
Turn on port security
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive


20. What is DSCP codepoint AF31(26)?
A MAC is seen on a different port
Normal and aggressive
Flash (class 3)
1- enable MST - 2-enter MST config mode - 3-assign region name and region configuration rev - 4-map vlans to an MSTI - 5-show pending changes - 6- commit by exiting


21. EAP encryption
1 to 64
Dynamic WEP keys that change periodically
300 sec
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk


22. What happens if both 802.1D and RSTP BDPUs are received?
As a VLAN access map
Cisco ILP and 802.3af
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports
The port will operate under 802.1D rules. If they are received on the same port - it will run 802.1D until the migration delay expires


23. How does HSRP do MD5 authentication?
It's a router that maintains routes (static or dynamic) - and populates the FIB
By using a hash of a key string
Weak key rotation
1/2 and 3/6


24. What is the default 802.3af power class and its use?

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25. At what layer should the WLC be connected?
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.
Group (0-255) - priority (1-254 254 is highest - 100 default)
Distribution
Bridge priority and MAC


26. 802.11b
Isolated and community
1 -2 -5.5 and 11 Mbps - Channels 1/6/11 - 2.4Ghz
TCAM
Should be used on access switches - can't be used on root - keeps enabled switch from becoming root by raising priority of switch and all ports - making them undesirable


27. What is an isolated secondary VLAN?

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28. What does IP source guard do?
The port is forced to always authorize any connected client with no authentication necessary (default)
Usually QoS from VOIP but not PC dataa
Some unused bits are used to allow a port to identify its role and state. Also the BDPUs state that they are V2 BDPUs
Makes use of the DHCP snooping database and static ip source binding entries. If enabled - switch will test addresses


29. At what layer does EAPOL run?
During the time that the FIB entry is in CEF glean waiting for ARP entries - subsequent packet to that host are dropped to keep input queues from filling
Weak key rotation
As a VLAN access map
L2


30. What is DCF?
Disabled - blocking - listening - learning - forwarding
Only for trusted Cisco gear - especially phones
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)


31. What happens when an ARP reply is received on an untrusted port?

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32. What is the PVLAN promiscuous mode?
The distribution layer should have only L3 links
The active router. All other routers are in backup state
Connects to a router - firewall - or gateway. Can communicate with anything else connected to the primary or any secondary. Ignores pvlan config
1-(opt) configure load balancing - 2-select the interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-select the mode and submode


33. How does loop guard block ports?
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance
1-(opt) configure load balancing - 2-select the interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-select the mode and submode
Only for the offending VLAN on the port
Configure non-silent submode


34. What is UDLD normal mode?
L2
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group
If a unidirectional link is detected - the port continues normally - but the port is marked as undetermined and a syslog is generated
1-(opt) set system priority - 2-select interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-set the mode - 5-(opt) set the port priority


35. What is an SVI?
Plain text or md5
Switched Virtual Interface - an L3 address can be assigned to a logical interface that represents an entire VLAN - which becomes the DGW for that VLAN
Hashing algorithm
Per-port or globally for all fiber-optic ports. Can be enabled globally - but will only affect fiber ports


36. what if a secondary VLAN?
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better
Hosts associated with a secondary VLAN can communicate with ports on the primary but not with another secondary VLAN
Port is forced to never authorize any connected client
VTP server for domain null with no password or secure mode


37. What is the GLBP group and priority range
When a port moves into forwarding or from fowarding or learning to blocking.
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)
Connects with SONET or SDH


38. What is DSCP codepoint EF(46)?
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.
Critical...used most often for IPT
Configuration and TCN
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS


39. What are the 5 STP states?
On root - because the root bridge propagates timers with config BDPU
Disabled - blocking - listening - learning - forwarding
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root
SC fiber or RJ-45


40. What is 802.1x force-unauthorized?
Port is forced to never authorize any connected client
That they aren't using the same frequencies.
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions
Yes


41. What duplex setting does 802.11 use and why?
Half because transmitting and receiving stations use the same frequency
The total delay from start to finish
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan
The same as a standby group in HSRP


42. RSTP edge port
Only a single host connects . If one BDPU is received - it is no longer an edge port
802.11
The master router can share the VIP
Configure non-silent submode


43. What is dhcp snooping rate limiting?
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
VTP server for domain null with no password or secure mode
Dynamic WEP keys that change periodically
Limits the number if dhcp requests on a port


44. How far chould a VLAN extend?
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
Distribution layer
It's a router that maintains routes (static or dynamic) - and populates the FIB
The L3 forwarding engine can't forward the packet in hardware because there is no L2 next-hop address - so the packet is sent to the L3 engine to generate the ARP response


45. RSTP root port
Disabled - blocking - listening - learning - forwarding
Port with best root path cost
The topology is pre-populated by downloading the topology DB into the FIB and dynamically updated. Called Cisco Express Forwarding
7 switches from root bridge


46. What does the src-mac option do when checking ARP replies
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.
Checks the source MAC in the header against the sender MAC in the ARP reply
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM


47. What is the STP Max Age timer?
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow


48. What is the default 10mbps Enet duplex?
SC fiber or RJ-45
Half-duplex
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active
No


49. What happens when the topology changes?

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50. Can MSTP interoperate with 802.1q and/or PVST+?
Checks the sender's ip in all arp requests and checks the sender's IP against target IP in all replies
Connects with SONET or SDH
Yes to both
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group