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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How is DHCP snooping enabled (scope)?
Globally
Connects to a router - firewall - or gateway. Can communicate with anything else connected to the primary or any secondary. Ignores pvlan config
The master router can share the VIP
Tracks of BDPUs on nondesignated ports. When those BDPUs stop coming - the port is put into loop-inconsistent state and blocks

2. What are the 5 steps a LAP uses to establish communication with a WLC?
1-LAP gets a DHCP address - 2-LAP learns IP of available WLC - 3-LAP sends a join request to WLC and receives join reply - 4-WLC sends code image - if necessary - 5-Tunnels are created
Very high L3 throughput - no access lists or port filtering - redundancy and resilience - advanced QoS
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance

3. How are frames forwarded across a specific link?
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials
Hashing algorithm
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary

4. What does a LAP do if it loses communication with it's WLC?
Reboots and searches for a new WLC
Using digital certificates
Port with best root path cost on segment
MAC addresses are learned from the source MAC of incoming frames. If the destination address is unknown - the frame is flooded out all except the receiving port.

5. What is DSCP codepoint AF11(10)?
Priority (class 1)
Tracks of BDPUs on nondesignated ports. When those BDPUs stop coming - the port is put into loop-inconsistent state and blocks
Edge - root - and point to point
No

6. WPA2 encryption
Needs hardware upgrade over WEP - uses AES encryption
Silent
1-(opt) configure load balancing - 2-select the interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-select the mode and submode
Change in trunk encap

7. What is the VRRP skew time?
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.
Trusted or untrusted
Hold time is 3xhello. A skew time of 256ms-routerpriority)/256ms is added

8. What are the 3 redundant supervisor modes?
1-(opt) set system priority - 2-select interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-set the mode - 5-(opt) set the port priority
Route once - switch many
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal

9. What is step 1 of enabling IP source guard?
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy
Can hear only BDPUs
Configure and enable DHCP snooping
Per VLAN

10. What is layer 2 roaming?
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet
Per VLAN
They must be carried over a voice VLAN (VVID) or over a regular data VLAN (ie. The native VLAN or the PVID)
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer

11. What is a vlan?
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root
A single broadcast domain
The master router can share the VIP
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability

12. What does BDPU filtering do?
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network
The port is forced to always authorize any connected client with no authentication necessary (default)
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports
1 per segment

13. What is the range of HSRP group numbers?
The switch checks the MAC and IP reported in the reply against trusted values. If they don't match - it is dropped and logged
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up
0-255
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions

14. How much BW does a PSTN connection use?
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
63 kbps
2
A point to point port type

15. How many potential links can LACP define?
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)

16. On what scope is DAI enabled?
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action
Both layer 2 switching and IVR
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10
Per VLAN

17. What is a VRRP group?
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
When a port moves into forwarding or from fowarding or learning to blocking.
The same as a standby group in HSRP
Used when ACLs specify port ranges...used by TCAM

18. What is the VRRP master router?
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability
The active router. All other routers are in backup state

19. Whan is a 10GE WAN PHY?
Connects with SONET or SDH
1-(opt) configure load balancing - 2-select the interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-select the mode and submode
802.1D
On by default

20. What is the default MTU?
802.11
By using a hash of a key string
1500B
Single instance of STP for all VLANs. BDPUs are sent over trunks using the native VLAN with untagged frames. Dot1q based

21. What can the Etherchannel hash use?
1 -2 -5.5 and 11 Mbps - Channels 1/6/11 - 2.4Ghz
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers
Configuration and TCN
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS

22. How does IPT behave when the voice VLAN is in dot1p mode?
Cisco ILP and 802.3af
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP

23. When should CDP be enabled?
L2
Sends a test tone on the transmit pair. If a device is detected - CDP is used to narrow down the power class.
Only for trusted Cisco gear - especially phones
300 sec by default

24. What must you be sure of if AP cells overlap?

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25. static vlans offer ____ based membership
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.
Port
Both layer 2 switching and IVR
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.

26. What is latency?
Set the native VLAN of a trunk to a bogus or unused VLAN ID then prune the native VLAN off both ends of the trunk
Tracks of BDPUs on nondesignated ports. When those BDPUs stop coming - the port is put into loop-inconsistent state and blocks
Data and voice over native vlan no QOS and no 802.1p trunk
The total delay from start to finish

27. What is the bridge priority range?
If a unidirectional link is detected - the switch doesn't try to reestablish the link. ULD msgs are sent once/sec for 8 seconds - then the port is err-disabled
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz
Almost eliminates listening and learning states for single hosts on an access link

28. How much overlap should WAPs have?
Untrusted
1-(opt) configure load balancing - 2-select the interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-select the mode and submode
One that can be detected on a switch interface (ie. Up/down)
10-15%

29. What is accelerated CEF (aCEF)?
Reboots and searches for a new WLC
Lowest cumulative cost to root
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset
By short-circuiting the max age timer

30. What happens when an ARP reply is received on an untrusted port?

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31. What are the 3 ways GLBP load-balances?
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
The port is forced to always authorize any connected client with no authentication necessary (default)
Real-time Transport Protocol
Root - designated - blocking - alternate - forwarding (host)

32. What is the standard for WLANs?
Group (0-255) - priority (1-254 254 is highest - 100 default)
Port with best root path cost
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced
802.11

33. What is a punt adjacency?
1- enable MST - 2-enter MST config mode - 3-assign region name and region configuration rev - 4-map vlans to an MSTI - 5-show pending changes - 6- commit by exiting
No
L2
Packets must be sent to the L3 engine for further processing

34. What does the minimum keyword do in HSRP?
Forces the router to wait for a period of time before attempting overthrow
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.
Only a single host connects . If one BDPU is received - it is no longer an edge port
Immediate (class 2)

35. What are the PAgP negotiation modes
0-255 (lower is better)
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)

36. When looking at the sh spanning tree output - What does P2P denote?
Switches make an effort to move packets as quickly as possible
On by default
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated
A point to point port type

37. What is the PVLAN promiscuous mode?
Only when a nonedge port transitions to forwarding
19
Plain text or md5
Connects to a router - firewall - or gateway. Can communicate with anything else connected to the primary or any secondary. Ignores pvlan config

38. How does Root Guard work?

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39. What is the default network diameter?
Incoming frames dropped - but MACs learned
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table
7 switches from root bridge
Used when ACLs specify port ranges...used by TCAM

40. How does 802.1q handle COS?
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets
Makes use of the DHCP snooping database and static ip source binding entries. If enabled - switch will test addresses
Priority (class 1)

41. What is 802.1x force-authorized?
134 bits
1 to 64
The port is forced to always authorize any connected client with no authentication necessary (default)
Protects STP when a physical malfunction only allows traffic in 1 direction - even though the link shows as up (cisco proprietary)

42. What is integrated services model QOS?
Yes
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD

43. What is the port priority range?
0-255 (lower is better)
Using a mobility exchange message
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
Yes to both

44. What are the 2 types of secondary VLAN?
0000.5e00.01xx
Globally
Isolated and community
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry

45. What are the 2 UDLD modes?
On ports where you never expect to find a root bridge for a VLAN
By short-circuiting the max age timer
Normal and aggressive
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up

46. If there are 2 ports with same root cost - how is the tie broken for designated port?
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec
Distribution
1-lowest root bridge ID - 2-lowest root path cost - 3-lowest bridgeID - 4-lowest port ID
Switches make an effort to move packets as quickly as possible

47. What is DSCP codepoint AF21(18)?
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface
Immediate (class 2)

48. What are the RSTP port roles?
Dynamic arp inspection
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured

49. What is the STP hello timer?
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
1 to 64
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)
A port can only forward or relay BDPUs - but can't receive them - disabled by default - enabled per-port - blocks port when superior BDPUs are received

50. RSTP alternate port
Value - mask - and result (VMR) combinations
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root
Regions and instances
Trunk