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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What types of authentication does HSRP allow?
Plain text or md5
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID
It's a router that maintains routes (static or dynamic) - and populates the FIB
Real-time Transport Protocol

2. WEP encryption
FE and GE
802.1w
Port with redundant - but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate
Weak key rotation

3. What is the STP forward delay timer?
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings
Limits the number if dhcp requests on a port
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds
On by default

4. What is the default MTU?
134 bits
Configure non-silent submode
1500B
Only a single host connects . If one BDPU is received - it is no longer an edge port

5. What is DSCP codepoint AF41(34)?
The configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay
Plain text or md5
Flash override (class 4)
Route once - switch many

6. what should you do if you expect a PAgP capable switch at the other end vs. a server or host?
Configure non-silent submode
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.
4
The ASIC

7. What is best effort delivery QOS?
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk
Switches make an effort to move packets as quickly as possible
802.1w

8. What is differentiated services model QOS?
Each network device handles packets individually with no advance reservations
Using a mobility exchange message
Yes to both
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN

9. What is layer 3 roaming?
Port with best root path cost
Normal and aggressive
When a client roams between Aps in different subnets
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it

10. What criteria are used to size a switch block?
Group (0-255) - priority (1-254 254 is highest - 100 default)
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent

11. At what layer should the WLC be connected?
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state
Real-time Transport Protocol
Distribution
The RP listens to a flow's 1st packet for the dest. The SE listens to the packet and dest and puts a shortcut in the MSL cache. Netflow switching - route once - switch many

12. How many potential links can LACP define?
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby
Embeds the tag within the frame
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action
Can hear only BDPUs

13. What is the STP listening state?
Edge - root - and point to point
If a unidirectional link is detected - the port continues normally - but the port is marked as undetermined and a syslog is generated
Can send and receive BDPUs
1-enable AAA on switch - 2-define RADIUS servers - 3-define authentication method - 4-enable 802.1x on switch - 5-conf. 802.1x ports - 6-allow hosts

14. What is layer 2 roaming?
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer
Compatible with 802.11b - up to 54Mbps in 12 data rates - 3 channels - 2.4Ghz
They must be carried over a voice VLAN (VVID) or over a regular data VLAN (ie. The native VLAN or the PVID)

15. What is jitter?
Only a single host connects . If one BDPU is received - it is no longer an edge port
VTP server for domain null with no password or secure mode
Variation in delay
1-lowest root bridge ID - 2-lowest root path cost - 3-lowest bridgeID - 4-lowest port ID

16. What is the GLBP redirect timer?
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over specified VLAN - voice QOS is 802.1p
With the skinny protocol
Switched Virtual Interface - an L3 address can be assigned to a logical interface that represents an entire VLAN - which becomes the DGW for that VLAN

17. How doed backbonefast work?
By short-circuiting the max age timer
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root
Allows devices to interoperate with PVST and CST. Can use both dot1q and ISL

18. How does HSRP do MD5 authentication?
Promiscuous and host
Dynamic arp inspection
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal
By using a hash of a key string

19. If a wireless station needs to transmit and no other device is transmitting - what happens?
The distribution layer should have only L3 links
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack
The frame tag contains a 3 but portion tagged from 0 (low) to 7 (high)
The redundant SUP is booted and sup and route engine is init'd. No L2 or L3 functions are started. Allows switchports to retain state

20. What is the port number range?
LACP port priority
0-255
FIB
Distribution layer

21. What 2 tunnelling mechanisms do the LAP and WLC use to communicate?
LWAPP (Cisco proprietary) and CAP-WAP (standards based)
No because they only participate if asked
The DCF interframe space- the random backoff time before a wireless set can transmit
To the virtual port-channel interface

22. What are LOU register pairs?
Multicasts to 224.0.0.18 (VRRP)
Used when ACLs specify port ranges...used by TCAM
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
A key string of up to 8 characters is sent. Default is cisco.

23. What is the core block?

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24. RSTP alternate port
Flash override (class 4)
To the virtual port-channel interface
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root
Distribution

25. What are the PAgP negotiation modes
A host port goes up or down
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)

26. What is DSCP?
Configuration and TCN
L2
Differentiated services code point
By short-circuiting the max age timer

27. What is the default VTP state?
Makes use of the DHCP snooping database and static ip source binding entries. If enabled - switch will test addresses
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
VTP server for domain null with no password or secure mode

28. RSTP root port
With the skinny protocol
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
Port with best root path cost
Globally

29. What is dhcp snooping rate limiting?
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)
Priority (class 1)
Limits the number if dhcp requests on a port
Distribution layer

30. What are the 5 steps a LAP uses to establish communication with a WLC?
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby
1-LAP gets a DHCP address - 2-LAP learns IP of available WLC - 3-LAP sends a join request to WLC and receives join reply - 4-WLC sends code image - if necessary - 5-Tunnels are created

31. What is the default FE duplex?
Port
Full duplex
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD
One that can be detected on a switch interface (ie. Up/down)

32. By default - what submode does PAgP operate in with the desirable and auto modes?
Because each frame is checked
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds
Silent
Trusted ports

33. What is a bridge ID made up of?
Critical...used most often for IPT
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
Bridge priority and MAC
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance

34. What must be in common for a BSS to form?
Sends a test tone on the transmit pair. If a device is detected - CDP is used to narrow down the power class.
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured

35. What is an MST instance?
The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance
Half-duplex
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP
1-LAP gets a DHCP address - 2-LAP learns IP of available WLC - 3-LAP sends a join request to WLC and receives join reply - 4-WLC sends code image - if necessary - 5-Tunnels are created

36. What does VTP do?
L2
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network
Bridge priority and MAC

37. How should the switch port to which a LAP be configured?
Port with best root path cost
5 (0-4 with 4 being the highest)
Access
1-(opt) configure load balancing - 2-select the interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-select the mode and submode

38. What is DSCP codepoint EF(46)?
On all switches in network to enable RLQ request and reply
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured
Critical...used most often for IPT

39. What are the steps of RSTP convergence?
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)
Prevents the dhcp binding DB from being checked.
Dynamic arp inspection
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state

40. What is a null adjacency?
Interim solution - uses same hardware as WEP - but uses TKIP encryption
1-lowest root bridge ID - 2-lowest root path cost - 3-lowest bridgeID - 4-lowest port ID
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker
Used to switch packets destined for the null interface

41. What are 2 ways to configure VLAN and VTP information?
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.
With portfast
0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is six 0 bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group numberr. Yyyy is the virtual forwarder number

42. What is common spanning tree (CST)?
Checks the source MAC in the header against the sender MAC in the ARP reply
Untrusted
Single instance of STP for all VLANs. BDPUs are sent over trunks using the native VLAN with untagged frames. Dot1q based
1- inferior BDPU on blocked-considered alternative - 2-inferior on root-all blocked ports considered alternate - 3-if inferior arrives on root and no blocked ports - assumes loss of connectivity to root

43. How does ISL do trunking?
Makes use of the DHCP snooping database and static ip source binding entries. If enabled - switch will test addresses
No because they only participate if asked
Yes
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer

44. What are the 6 HSRP states?
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active
Disabled - blocking - listening - learning - forwarding
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine

45. How many tunnels exist between the LAP and WLC?
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers
2 - one for control messages and one for data
A point to point port type but the neighboring device runs traditional 802.1D STP
4

46. How does GLBP work?
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)
Any ports associated with an isolated vlan can reach the primary - but not any other secondary. Hosts withn an isolated vlan can't reach each other
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance

47. How can you tell if a switch block is too large?
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block
Port with redundant - but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate
Sends a voltage across the receive pairs to detect a 25k ohm resistance
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions

48. What is a VRRP group?
Compatible with 802.11b - up to 54Mbps in 12 data rates - 3 channels - 2.4Ghz
The same as a standby group in HSRP
Cisco ILP and 802.3af
Prevents the dhcp binding DB from being checked.

49. What is a root link query (RLQ)?
One router is the active virtual gateway - has highest priority or IP in group - answers all ARP requests and gives MAC based on load balancing
Trunk
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge

50. Define HSRP
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack
Dynamic arp inspection
19
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen