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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How does every HSRP config command begin?
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number
They disguise the origin of an attack
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets

2. How do VRRP routers handle preemption?
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS
With the skinny protocol
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active
On by default

3. What are the characteristics of the distribution layer?
Aggregation - high L3 throughput - security and policy based connectivity functions through access lists and packet filters - QoS - scalable high-speed links
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)
Using digital certificates
Cisco recommends only on the root bridge

4. What happens when the topology changes?

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5. RSTP point to point port
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability
1500B
Roughly 2000
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port

6. What is Per VLAN STP (PVST)?
When a port moves into forwarding or from fowarding or learning to blocking.
Using a mobility exchange message
Should be used on access switches - can't be used on root - keeps enabled switch from becoming root by raising priority of switch and all ports - making them undesirable
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q

7. In a converged fabric - which switch(es) send config BDPUs?
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO
Root
Using a mobility exchange message

8. FE connectors use...
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
Because each frame is checked
It can't
0-255

9. What is an isolated secondary VLAN?

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10. What is the GLBP group and priority range
LWAPP (Cisco proprietary) and CAP-WAP (standards based)
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)

11. What is the default FE duplex?
Reboots and searches for a new WLC
Full duplex
Dynamic WEP keys that change periodically
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies

12. Which fiber is the receive?
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action
On the left as you face the connector
2 - one for control messages and one for data
Flash (class 3)

13. How often are VRRP advertisements sent?
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.
Route once - switch many
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master

14. What is an insignificant topology change?
L2
Change in trunk encap
Only when a nonedge port transitions to forwarding
A host port goes up or down

15. What is portfast?
Will trunk if asked
134 bits
Causes switch to actively determine whether alternative paths exist to root bridge in case ther eis an indirect failure
Almost eliminates listening and learning states for single hosts on an access link

16. What is the cost of a 100Mbps link?
19
Plain text or md5
12 kbps with headers and compression
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number

17. How many tunnels exist between the LAP and WLC?
Variation in delay
2 - one for control messages and one for data
Automatically using DTP and CDP
VTP server for domain null with no password or secure mode

18. What ILP mode are all ports in by default?
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec
Cisco recommends only on the root bridge
Auto mode

19. What is a QoS trust boundary?
Some unused bits are used to allow a port to identify its role and state. Also the BDPUs state that they are V2 BDPUs
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table
The point at which a switch decides to trust incoming Qos. Usually at boundary with ISP
1- enable MST - 2-enter MST config mode - 3-assign region name and region configuration rev - 4-map vlans to an MSTI - 5-show pending changes - 6- commit by exiting

20. What are the 5 steps to manualy configure STP?
No
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.
Per VLAN
1-ID link path costs - 2-ID roodt bridge - 3-select root port (1/switch) - 4-select designated port (1/segment) - 5-ID blocking port

21. What data does DHCP snooping track?
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.
Flash override (class 4)
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP
The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance

22. What is arp throttling?
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains
The switch checks the MAC and IP reported in the reply against trusted values. If they don't match - it is dropped and logged
2 seconds (def)
During the time that the FIB entry is in CEF glean waiting for ARP entries - subsequent packet to that host are dropped to keep input queues from filling

23. What is the access layer best practice?
Only on ports that have same static VLANs or trunking. It also modifies parameters of the channel if one of the ports is modified
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen

24. How does an LAP bind with a WLC?
Via an 802.1Q trunk or a single VLAN access port
Connects to a router - firewall - or gateway. Can communicate with anything else connected to the primary or any secondary. Ignores pvlan config
Checks the source MAC in the header against the sender MAC in the ARP reply
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.

25. What is the default mode of load balancing?
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry
Src-dst-ip
Trusted ports
Half because transmitting and receiving stations use the same frequency

26. What must be supported for port-based security to occur?
SC fiber or RJ-45
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
Tracks of BDPUs on nondesignated ports. When those BDPUs stop coming - the port is put into loop-inconsistent state and blocks
The active router. All other routers are in backup state

27. What does the version number indicate when looking at CEF entries?
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated
Half because transmitting and receiving stations use the same frequency

28. How is an instance defined?
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table
Plain text or md5
Only a single host connects . If one BDPU is received - it is no longer an edge port
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server

29. What is the adjacency table?
Connects with SONET or SDH
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
Differentiated services

30. What format does the GLBP MAC use?
0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is six 0 bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group numberr. Yyyy is the virtual forwarder number
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole
1-(opt) set system priority - 2-select interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-set the mode - 5-(opt) set the port priority
1-LAP gets a DHCP address - 2-LAP learns IP of available WLC - 3-LAP sends a join request to WLC and receives join reply - 4-WLC sends code image - if necessary - 5-Tunnels are created

31. What are the two private vlan association modes?
FE and GE
A private VLAN can be logically associated with a special secondary vlan
Promiscuous and host
1-ID link path costs - 2-ID roodt bridge - 3-select root port (1/switch) - 4-select designated port (1/segment) - 5-ID blocking port

32. What is the port number range?
Those that connect to other switches
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root
0-255

33. What duplex setting does 802.11 use and why?
Half because transmitting and receiving stations use the same frequency
If a unidirectional link is detected - the port continues normally - but the port is marked as undetermined and a syslog is generated
1-LAP gets a DHCP address - 2-LAP learns IP of available WLC - 3-LAP sends a join request to WLC and receives join reply - 4-WLC sends code image - if necessary - 5-Tunnels are created
When a specific interface is tracked - HSRP reduces it's priority after a specified interval.

34. the static port to vlan membership is handled in _____
No because they only participate if asked
Globally
Bridge priority and MAC
The ASIC

35. How is 802.1x configured for port security?
RADIUS
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP
Hold time is 3xhello. A skew time of 256ms-routerpriority)/256ms is added
A port can only forward or relay BDPUs - but can't receive them - disabled by default - enabled per-port - blocks port when superior BDPUs are received

36. What does MSTP do?
Automatically negotiates a common trunk mode between switches
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge
Half-duplex

37. How does HSRP election work?
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server
The redundant SUP is booted and sup and route engine is init'd. No L2 or L3 functions are started. Allows switchports to retain state
Tracks of BDPUs on nondesignated ports. When those BDPUs stop coming - the port is put into loop-inconsistent state and blocks

38. What must the other end be set to if PAgP desirable or LACP active mode is selected?
Either desirable or auto mode
SC fiber or RJ-45
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network

39. What are the 2 types of BDPU?
1 to 64
Flash override (class 4)
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen
Configuration and TCN

40. What is differentiated services model QOS?
Each network device handles packets individually with no advance reservations
Allows devices to interoperate with PVST and CST. Can use both dot1q and ISL
Use the spanning-tree root macro
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec

41. WEP encryption
Automatically using DTP and CDP
Weak key rotation
That they aren't using the same frequencies.
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)

42. What is the default 802.3af power class and its use?

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43. What is route caching?

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44. What is the VRRP master router?
The active router. All other routers are in backup state
As a VLAN access map
Edge - root - and point to point
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active

45. What is an indirect topology change?
They disguise the origin of an attack
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO

46. What do you need to determine to use MSTP?
Multicasts to 224.0.0.18 (VRRP)
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports

47. What does a LAP do if it loses communication with it's WLC?
Using digital certificates
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced
Half because transmitting and receiving stations use the same frequency
Reboots and searches for a new WLC

48. If a wireless station needs to transmit and another device is transmitting - what happens?
Yes
SC fiber or RJ-45
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
FE and GE

49. What does uplinkfast do?
Trunk
Turn on port security
Enables switches at the end of the spanning tree branches to have a functioning root port while keeping 1 or more redundant potential ports in blocking mode. When the main fails - the other comes up.
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q

50. if the switchport is part of an etherchannel - Where is the network assigned
On the left as you face the connector
To the virtual port-channel interface
By sending a gratuitous ARP
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP