CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the RSTP port states?
Discarding - learning - forwarding
Configure and enable DHCP snooping
VTP server for domain null with no password or secure mode
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack


2. What are dynamic VLANs based on?
0-255
MAC of the end device
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router
Using a mobility exchange message


3. How does NSF work?
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value
Gets assistance from other NSF-aware neighbors. NSF features need to be built into the routing protocols on router needing and providing assistance
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains


4. What does MSTP consist of?
Regions and instances
FE - GE - and aggregated FE/GE Etherchannels
Trunk
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions


5. How does an LAP bind with a WLC?
Automatically using DTP and CDP
VTP server for domain null with no password or secure mode
Trusted or untrusted
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.


6. What is a BSS?
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge
Yes to both
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.
Create 2 hsrp groups - each with the active router being different switches - then have clients point to each


7. What is a cell?

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8. What is the acceptible range of VLANS?
Hashing algorithm
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
Option 43
Access or trunk


9. 802.11b
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over specified VLAN - voice QOS is 802.1p
A port can only forward or relay BDPUs - but can't receive them - disabled by default - enabled per-port - blocks port when superior BDPUs are received
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack
1 -2 -5.5 and 11 Mbps - Channels 1/6/11 - 2.4Ghz


10. RSTP forwarding state
Sends a test tone on the transmit pair. If a device is detected - CDP is used to narrow down the power class.
Frames are forwarded
Half-duplex
Globally or per-port


11. What is BDPU Guard?
Real-time Transport Protocol
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state
Tracks of BDPUs on nondesignated ports. When those BDPUs stop coming - the port is put into loop-inconsistent state and blocks
All ports where root isn't expected


12. How is an RSTP edge port configured
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value
With portfast
Incoming frames dropped - but MACs learned


13. What must you be sure of if AP cells overlap?

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14. How are multiple VLANs mapped to multiple SSIDs?
Best effort delivery - integrated services model - and differentiated services model
By using a trunk link
On all switches in network to enable RLQ request and reply
Port


15. What is unique about HSRP group numbers?
All user ports that have portfast enabled
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another


16. What is the range of PAgP channel group numbers?
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)
0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is six 0 bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group numberr. Yyyy is the virtual forwarder number
1 to 64
Can send and receive BDPUs


17. What are the port channel load balancing methods?
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number
Src-ip - dst-ip - src-dst-ip - src-mac - dst-mac - src-dst-mac - src-port - dst-port - src-dst-port
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)


18. How does packet forwarding work
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw
Normal and aggressive
Reboots and searches for a new WLC
Very high L3 throughput - no access lists or port filtering - redundancy and resilience - advanced QoS


19. What is the default MTU?
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID
The DCF interframe space- the random backoff time before a wireless set can transmit
1500B
On by default


20. What is errdisable dtp-flap?
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM
Change in trunk encap
1- inferior BDPU on blocked-considered alternative - 2-inferior on root-all blocked ports considered alternate - 3-if inferior arrives on root and no blocked ports - assumes loss of connectivity to root
1- enable MST - 2-enter MST config mode - 3-assign region name and region configuration rev - 4-map vlans to an MSTI - 5-show pending changes - 6- commit by exiting


21. How does IPT behave when the voice VLAN is in untagged mode?
A MAC is seen on a different port
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk
Frames are forwarded
Tracks of BDPUs on nondesignated ports. When those BDPUs stop coming - the port is put into loop-inconsistent state and blocks


22. How many users should be within a switch block?
300 sec
Configure non-silent submode
Best effort delivery - integrated services model - and differentiated services model
Roughly 2000


23. What is a wireless mobility group?
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group
Yes to both
16 - IST gets MSTI 0 - 1-15 are available for use. MSTIs are locally significant to the MST region
Lowest cumulative cost to root


24. What is the PVLAN promiscuous mode?
Admin down
On ports where you never expect to find a root bridge for a VLAN
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec
Connects to a router - firewall - or gateway. Can communicate with anything else connected to the primary or any secondary. Ignores pvlan config


25. What is a community secondary VLAN?
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports
Discarding - learning - forwarding


26. What is RPR?
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions
Used when ACLs specify port ranges...used by TCAM
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry
The redundant SUP is booted and sup and route engine is init'd. No L2 or L3 functions are started. Allows switchports to retain state


27. What are the gotchas for uplinkfast?

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28. What is a CEF punt?

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29. How much overlap should WAPs have?
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
Checks the destination MAC in the header against the target MAC in the ARP reply
10-15%


30. What is the portr ID?
Enables switches at the end of the spanning tree branches to have a functioning root port while keeping 1 or more redundant potential ports in blocking mode. When the main fails - the other comes up.
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
Will trunk if asked


31. What is NSF?
Route once - switch many
The port asks the other end to trunk
Nonstop forwarding is an interactive method focusing on rebuilding the RIB after SUP switchover
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary


32. If a port is configured for errdisable auto recovery - how long does it stay down?
300 sec by default
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP
0-255
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)


33. What is route caching?

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34. What is step 1 of enabling IP source guard?
The port is forced to always authorize any connected client with no authentication necessary (default)
Configure and enable DHCP snooping
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS
A single broadcast domain


35. How can you tell if a switch block is too large?
A host port goes up or down
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
When a port moves into forwarding or from fowarding or learning to blocking.
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block


36. What can the Etherchannel hash use?
63 kbps
Root - designated - blocking - alternate - forwarding (host)
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers
Globally or per-port


37. How do VRRP routers handle preemption?
It's a router that maintains routes (static or dynamic) - and populates the FIB
On by default
On the left as you face the connector
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.


38. What happens during HSRP failover?
2 seconds (def)
Lowest cumulative cost to root
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured


39. How many links can be used in an EtherChannel?
Yes
Those that connect to other switches
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack


40. What is layer 2 roaming?
Some unused bits are used to allow a port to identify its role and state. Also the BDPUs state that they are V2 BDPUs
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole
Port is forced to never authorize any connected client
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet


41. What is the traditional MLS view of switching?
TCAM
Route once - switch many
Collision domain
All ports where root isn't expected


42. What are the 5 STP states?
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server
Cisco ILP and 802.3af
1-(opt) set system priority - 2-select interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-set the mode - 5-(opt) set the port priority
Disabled - blocking - listening - learning - forwarding


43. What is an SVI?
Switched Virtual Interface - an L3 address can be assigned to a logical interface that represents an entire VLAN - which becomes the DGW for that VLAN
Per VLAN
It updates the L2 headers with the proper src and dst MAC - L3 TTL - L3 checksum - and L2 checksum information
The DCF interframe space- the random backoff time before a wireless set can transmit


44. What are the 5 steps to manualy configure STP?
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.
1-ID link path costs - 2-ID roodt bridge - 3-select root port (1/switch) - 4-select designated port (1/segment) - 5-ID blocking port
If a unidirectional link is detected - the port continues normally - but the port is marked as undetermined and a syslog is generated
As a VLAN access map


45. WPA2 encryption
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
When a specific interface is tracked - HSRP reduces it's priority after a specified interval.
No because they only participate if asked
Needs hardware upgrade over WEP - uses AES encryption


46. On what scope is DAI enabled?
The port uses 802.1x exchange to move from unauthorized to authorized. Requires app on client
Per VLAN
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet
FIB


47. What is the STP forwarding state?
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.
The switch adds its MAC to the option 82 field so that the DHCP reply echoes back the switch's own information
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs


48. What happens if both 802.1D and RSTP BDPUs are received?
The same as a standby group in HSRP
The port will operate under 802.1D rules. If they are received on the same port - it will run 802.1D until the migration delay expires
A MAC is seen on a different port
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies


49. What are the PAgP negotiation modes
7 switches from root bridge
Prevents the dhcp binding DB from being checked.
Differentiated services
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)


50. What data does DHCP snooping track?
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.
2 - one for control messages and one for data
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up