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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What does uplinkfast do?
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.
Regions and instances
Enables switches at the end of the spanning tree branches to have a functioning root port while keeping 1 or more redundant potential ports in blocking mode. When the main fails - the other comes up.
Packets must be sent to the L3 engine for further processing

2. How does ISL handle COS?
Globally
Half because transmitting and receiving stations use the same frequency
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance
The frame tag contains a 3 but portion tagged from 0 (low) to 7 (high)

3. What does the standby HSRP router do?
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router
The RP listens to a flow's 1st packet for the dest. The SE listens to the packet and dest and puts a shortcut in the MSL cache. Netflow switching - route once - switch many
16 - IST gets MSTI 0 - 1-15 are available for use. MSTIs are locally significant to the MST region
When a client roams between Aps in different subnets

4. What does the epoch number indicate when looking at cef entries?
The L3 forwarding engine can't forward the packet in hardware because there is no L2 next-hop address - so the packet is sent to the L3 engine to generate the ARP response
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it

5. What happens when the topology changes?

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6. How do you disable DTP when you configure both ends of the ISL manually?
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack
Distribution layer
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p
Switchpotrt nonegotiate

7. What's the easiest way to configure GLBP timers?
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value
The RP listens to a flow's 1st packet for the dest. The SE listens to the packet and dest and puts a shortcut in the MSL cache. Netflow switching - route once - switch many

8. RSTP designated port
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers
On the left as you face the connector
Only when a nonedge port transitions to forwarding
Port with best root path cost on segment

9. What is the acceptible range of VLANS?
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)
Configuration and TCN
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)

10. CAM table entries are purged when....
A MAC is seen on a different port
Roughly 2000
0000.5e00.01xx
Port with redundant - but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate

11. What must be in common for a BSS to form?
300 sec
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated
A private VLAN can be logically associated with a special secondary vlan

12. What are 2 ways to configure VLAN and VTP information?
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy
Roughly 50%
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries

13. What is best effort delivery QOS?
Switches make an effort to move packets as quickly as possible
No shut
0-255
7 switches from root bridge

14. What is dynamic desireable?
The port asks the other end to trunk
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions
Trusted or untrusted
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds

15. How does ILP do power discovery?
Sends a test tone on the transmit pair. If a device is detected - CDP is used to narrow down the power class.
MAC of the end device
1-name the chain - 2-establish a key number - 3-create the key string - 4-apply the chain to the string
Admin down

16. What is unique about HSRP group numbers?
Only when a nonedge port transitions to forwarding
It's a router that maintains routes (static or dynamic) - and populates the FIB
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another
Only for trusted Cisco gear - especially phones

17. How should the switch port to which a LAP be configured?
Use the spanning-tree root macro
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves
Access
Hosts associated with a secondary VLAN can communicate with ports on the primary but not with another secondary VLAN

18. How do you prevent switch spoofing?
Trusted or untrusted
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
By configuring every switch port to have an expected and controlled behavior
63 kbps

19. What is NSF?
Nonstop forwarding is an interactive method focusing on rebuilding the RIB after SUP switchover
Show standby
Switches make an effort to move packets as quickly as possible
Dynamic arp inspection

20. What types of links can be trunked?
FE - GE - and aggregated FE/GE Etherchannels
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port
The switch checks the MAC and IP reported in the reply against trusted values. If they don't match - it is dropped and logged
Discarding - learning - forwarding

21. How far chould a VLAN extend?
Distribution layer
2 seconds
Will trunk if asked
16 - IST gets MSTI 0 - 1-15 are available for use. MSTIs are locally significant to the MST region

22. How does packet forwarding work
Incoming frames dropped - but MACs learned
Automatically by duplex mode in use. Full duplex are point ot point. Half duplex ports use traditional 802.1D convergence is used.
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw
Interim solution - uses same hardware as WEP - but uses TKIP encryption

23. What are the restrictions for bundling into an Etherchannel?
The port will operate under 802.1D rules. If they are received on the same port - it will run 802.1D until the migration delay expires
An AP's coverage area
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active

24. What are the 3 RSTP port types?
The total delay from start to finish
Edge - root - and point to point
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.

25. What is DSCP codepoint AF11(10)?
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies
Very high L3 throughput - no access lists or port filtering - redundancy and resilience - advanced QoS
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN
Priority (class 1)

26. What are the PAgP negotiation modes
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)
Using digital certificates

27. How does loop guard block ports?
L2
Only for the offending VLAN on the port
802.11
Set the native VLAN of a trunk to a bogus or unused VLAN ID then prune the native VLAN off both ends of the trunk

28. What are the 6 HSRP states?
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active
Promiscuous and host
4

29. Can ARP replies be checked
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)
Yes
Tracks of BDPUs on nondesignated ports. When those BDPUs stop coming - the port is put into loop-inconsistent state and blocks

30. What does VTP do?
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface
1- enable MST - 2-enter MST config mode - 3-assign region name and region configuration rev - 4-map vlans to an MSTI - 5-show pending changes - 6- commit by exiting

31. How does an LAP bind with a WLC?
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
Embeds the tag within the frame
Flash (class 3)
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.

32. What types of ports autonegotiate?
FE and GE
Causes switch to actively determine whether alternative paths exist to root bridge in case ther eis an indirect failure
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
4

33. What is a drop adjacency?

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34. How does IPT behave when the voce VLAN is in the default none mode?
Port
Data and voice over native vlan no QOS and no 802.1p trunk
Should be used on access switches - can't be used on root - keeps enabled switch from becoming root by raising priority of switch and all ports - making them undesirable
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack

35. What are the 3 trunk encap modes?
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)
Every hello interval regardless of whether BDPUs are received from root - allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.

36. How do you renable an err-disable port by default?
Manually
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds

37. What is the size of ISL encapsulation?
Hold time is 3xhello. A skew time of 256ms-routerpriority)/256ms is added
Nonstop forwarding is an interactive method focusing on rebuilding the RIB after SUP switchover
Only a single host connects . If one BDPU is received - it is no longer an edge port
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC

38. Where does layer switching occur?
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root
TCAM
Between any type of interface as long as the interface can have an L3 address assigned
Control functions

39. What does port-security protect do?
Connects to a router - firewall - or gateway. Can communicate with anything else connected to the primary or any secondary. Ignores pvlan config
Port stays up - packets from violating MACs dropped - no logging
Dynamic WEP keys that change periodically
RADIUS

40. What is the standard for WLANs?
802.11
Show standby
LACP port priority
5 (0-4 with 4 being the highest)

41. Where is the QoS trust boundary usually configured on an IP phone?
Route once - switch many
Untrusted
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow
Usually QoS from VOIP but not PC dataa

42. What is a BSS?
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.
300 sec
On root - because the root bridge propagates timers with config BDPU
Auto mode

43. What is the LACP priority range?
Using a mobility exchange message
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability
Used to switch packets destined for the null interface
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master

44. What is an SVI?
SC fiber or RJ-45
Switched Virtual Interface - an L3 address can be assigned to a logical interface that represents an entire VLAN - which becomes the DGW for that VLAN
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.
Either desirable or auto mode

45. What method of QOS does voice traffic use most frequently?
Differentiated services
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports
2 seconds (def)
Edge - root - and point to point

46. How does NSF work?
Gets assistance from other NSF-aware neighbors. NSF features need to be built into the routing protocols on router needing and providing assistance
Hosts associated with a secondary VLAN can communicate with ports on the primary but not with another secondary VLAN
2 seconds
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config

47. Define GLBP
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action
The active router. All other routers are in backup state
Dynamic WEP keys that change periodically
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary

48. How does a LAP and a WLC authenticate between each other?
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value
Using digital certificates
The master router can share the VIP

49. What is route caching?

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50. Which fiber is the receive?
On the left as you face the connector
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP
Root - designated - blocking - alternate - forwarding (host)
Configure non-silent submode