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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How often are VRRP advertisements sent?
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers

2. the static port to vlan membership is handled in _____
TCAM
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk
The ASIC
Lowest cumulative cost to root

3. Does GLBP allow preemption?
Yes
Full duplex
On the left as you face the connector
Half because transmitting and receiving stations use the same frequency

4. What is the port number range?
0-255
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic
Control functions
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)

5. What does Root Guard do?
Each frame transmits its expected duration time
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action
Controls where candidate root bridges can be connected and found on a network

6. Define VRRP
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.
1 per segment

7. How much BW does a voip connection use?
Trunk
As a VLAN access map
12 kbps with headers and compression
Untrusted

8. What are the restrictions for bundling into an Etherchannel?
2 - one for control messages and one for data
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings
A point to point port type but the neighboring device runs traditional 802.1D STP
FE and GE

9. What ILP mode are all ports in by default?
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen
134 bits
Either desirable or auto mode
Auto mode

10. What are the 2 power over ethernet methods?
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack
No shut
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy
Cisco ILP and 802.3af

11. What is the size of a TCAM value?
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric
134 bits - consisting of source and destination addresses and protocol information from the packet or frame
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table

12. How does L3 QOS classification happen?
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.
Automatically using DTP and CDP
The TOS field in the header is used. 2 methods 3 bits or 6 bits
Port with best root path cost on segment

13. What does uplinkfast do?
An AP's coverage area
0-255 (lower is better)
Enables switches at the end of the spanning tree branches to have a functioning root port while keeping 1 or more redundant potential ports in blocking mode. When the main fails - the other comes up.
Interim solution - uses same hardware as WEP - but uses TKIP encryption

14. What is an insignificant topology change?
Control functions
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds
A host port goes up or down
Allows devices to interoperate with PVST and CST. Can use both dot1q and ISL

15. What are dynamic VLANs based on?
Globally
MAC of the end device
By creating a static IP binding
A single broadcast domain

16. What is the RSTP default hello interval?
Plain text or md5
2 seconds
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value

17. What is integrated services model QOS?
Tracks of BDPUs on nondesignated ports. When those BDPUs stop coming - the port is put into loop-inconsistent state and blocks
Data and voice over native vlan no QOS and no 802.1p trunk
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.
The active router. All other routers are in backup state

18. What are the characteristics of the access layer?
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged
Admin down
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors

19. Can loop guard and udld be used together?
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies
Each network device handles packets individually with no advance reservations
Yes

20. How do you find duplex mismatches?
Yes
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO
Globally

21. One vlan should =
1 IP subnet
The active router. All other routers are in backup state
Checks the source MAC in the header against the sender MAC in the ARP reply
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1

22. How do you configure IP source guard for hosts that don't use DHCP?
Limits the number if dhcp requests on a port
One router is the active virtual gateway - has highest priority or IP in group - answers all ARP requests and gives MAC based on load balancing
The point at which a switch decides to trust incoming Qos. Usually at boundary with ISP
By creating a static IP binding

23. If a port is configured for errdisable auto recovery - how long does it stay down?
Interim solution - uses same hardware as WEP - but uses TKIP encryption
Cisco ILP and 802.3af
300 sec by default
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds

24. What are the steps to configure a LACP port channel?
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw
Half because transmitting and receiving stations use the same frequency
A private VLAN can be logically associated with a special secondary vlan
1-(opt) set system priority - 2-select interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-set the mode - 5-(opt) set the port priority

25. How does the CEF L3 engine operate?

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26. How do you configure LACP standby links?
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value
LACP port priority
The topology is pre-populated by downloading the topology DB into the FIB and dynamically updated. Called Cisco Express Forwarding

27. What is errdisable dtp-flap?
224.0.0.2 (all routers)
MST attributes must be manually entereed on each switch in the region. They don' t propagate like VTP.
Those that connect to other switches
Change in trunk encap

28. Does VTP pass private VLAN configuration?
300 sec
Priority (class 1)
No
A key string of up to 8 characters is sent. Default is cisco.

29. How does Root Guard work?

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30. What is DCF?
By using a trunk link
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions
Globally

31. WEP encryption
The distribution layer should have only L3 links
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal
Weak key rotation

32. How does a Cisco IP phone connect upstream?
The configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay
Via an 802.1Q trunk or a single VLAN access port
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)

33. If one end of an Etherchannel (either type) is set to on and the channel doesn't form - what should you check?

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34. What's the easiest way to configure GLBP timers?
Sends a test tone on the transmit pair. If a device is detected - CDP is used to narrow down the power class.
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate
Port
Can send and receive BDPUs

35. What is a vlan?
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.
Yes to both
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials
A single broadcast domain

36. What is DSCP codepoint AF31(26)?
On root - because the root bridge propagates timers with config BDPU
Distribution layer
Nonstop forwarding is an interactive method focusing on rebuilding the RIB after SUP switchover
Flash (class 3)

37. What is an MST instance?
Almost eliminates listening and learning states for single hosts on an access link
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured
On root - because the root bridge propagates timers with config BDPU
The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance

38. How do VRRP routers handle preemption?
On by default
Every hello interval regardless of whether BDPUs are received from root - allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate

39. How are RSTP point to point ports determined?
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal
Automatically by duplex mode in use. Full duplex are point ot point. Half duplex ports use traditional 802.1D convergence is used.
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole

40. What is an SVI?
0-255
0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is six 0 bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group numberr. Yyyy is the virtual forwarder number
Switched Virtual Interface - an L3 address can be assigned to a logical interface that represents an entire VLAN - which becomes the DGW for that VLAN
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.

41. What is the range of PAgP channel group numbers?
1 to 64
Yes
Using a mobility exchange message
The distribution layer should have only L3 links

42. How does IPT behave when the voice VLAN is in dot1p mode?
Every hello interval regardless of whether BDPUs are received from root - allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology
1- trunking mode - 2-trunk encapsulation - 3-native VLAN - 4-allowed VLAN
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p
4

43. How can BDPU Guard be configured?
Real-time Transport Protocol
Globally or per-port
Every hello interval regardless of whether BDPUs are received from root - allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology
1-ID link path costs - 2-ID roodt bridge - 3-select root port (1/switch) - 4-select designated port (1/segment) - 5-ID blocking port

44. What cabling do GBICs use?
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
SC fiber or RJ-45
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced

45. By default - what submode does PAgP operate in with the desirable and auto modes?
Regions and instances
Turn on port security
Silent
Nonstop forwarding is an interactive method focusing on rebuilding the RIB after SUP switchover

46. What are the steps to configure MST?
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches
1- enable MST - 2-enter MST config mode - 3-assign region name and region configuration rev - 4-map vlans to an MSTI - 5-show pending changes - 6- commit by exiting
Forces the router to wait for a period of time before attempting overthrow
Bridge priority and MAC

47. How should backbonefast be configured?
16 - IST gets MSTI 0 - 1-15 are available for use. MSTIs are locally significant to the MST region
On all switches in network to enable RLQ request and reply
The TOS field in the header is used. 2 methods 3 bits or 6 bits
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD

48. How does 802.3af do power discovery?
1 to 64
Each physical interface has a different IP address. All physical interfaces point to a virtual interface called the standby address or VIP
Sends a voltage across the receive pairs to detect a 25k ohm resistance
134 bits

49. What is UDLD aggressive mode?

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50. If a wireless station needs to transmit and another device is transmitting - what happens?
One router is the active virtual gateway - has highest priority or IP in group - answers all ARP requests and gives MAC based on load balancing
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number
A TCN BDPU is sent out of the switch's root port. The switch will continue sending TCN's every hello interval until ack'd by upstream neighbor. The root bridge will send a Config BDPU to all switches
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting