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CCNP Switch Deck

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How much BW does a voip connection use?
Gets assistance from other NSF-aware neighbors. NSF features need to be built into the routing protocols on router needing and providing assistance
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds
12 kbps with headers and compression
Src-dst-ip

2. What is the STP disabled state?
Frames are forwarded
Any dhcp reply coming from an untrusted port is discarded and the offending port is put in errdisable
Admin down
Variation in delay

3. What does DTP do?
Cisco ILP and 802.3af
Automatically negotiates a common trunk mode between switches
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains
Use the spanning-tree root macro

4. What is dynamic auto?
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.
Will trunk if asked
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.
0000.5e00.01xx

5. RSTP point to point port
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port

6. unknown unicast flooding
MAC addresses are learned from the source MAC of incoming frames. If the destination address is unknown - the frame is flooded out all except the receiving port.
Sends a test tone on the transmit pair. If a device is detected - CDP is used to narrow down the power class.
The L3 forwarding engine can't forward the packet in hardware because there is no L2 next-hop address - so the packet is sent to the L3 engine to generate the ARP response
Interim solution - uses same hardware as WEP - but uses TKIP encryption

7. What is errdisable dtp-flap?
Bridge priority and MAC
Change in trunk encap
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP

8. What is portfast?
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches
Almost eliminates listening and learning states for single hosts on an access link
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured

9. What scope is 802.1x enabled?
Roughly 50%
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server
Automatically negotiates a common trunk mode between switches
Globally

10. How does 802.1q handle COS?
Using digital certificates
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS
5 (0-4 with 4 being the highest)

11. How do you prevent VLAN hopping?
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM
Port with redundant - but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate
Set the native VLAN of a trunk to a bogus or unused VLAN ID then prune the native VLAN off both ends of the trunk

12. What is the cost of a 1Gbps link?
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains
Frames are forwarded
4
They should be an unconditional Etherchannel because the WLC can't negotiate a channel.

13. What does the minimum keyword do in HSRP?
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
Forces the router to wait for a period of time before attempting overthrow
Checks the sender's ip in all arp requests and checks the sender's IP against target IP in all replies
Root - designated - blocking - alternate - forwarding (host)

14. What does the version number indicate when looking at CEF entries?
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated
16 - IST gets MSTI 0 - 1-15 are available for use. MSTIs are locally significant to the MST region
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over specified VLAN - voice QOS is 802.1p

15. What is unique about HSRP group numbers?
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)
1 -2 -5.5 and 11 Mbps - Channels 1/6/11 - 2.4Ghz

16. How many virtual MACs can GLBP have?
Silent
Up to 4 can be used in a group. Called active virtual forwarders (AVF)
Yes
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds

17. What is the portr ID?
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)
No
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.
Distribution layer

18. What is the VRRP master router?
Port stays up - packets from violating MACs dropped - no logging
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated
Set the native VLAN of a trunk to a bogus or unused VLAN ID then prune the native VLAN off both ends of the trunk
The active router. All other routers are in backup state

19. What are the 3 unlicensed frequencies?
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz
Connects to a router - firewall - or gateway. Can communicate with anything else connected to the primary or any secondary. Ignores pvlan config
Manually
Single instance of STP for all VLANs. BDPUs are sent over trunks using the native VLAN with untagged frames. Dot1q based

20. what must be done on an SVI before it is activated?
0-255
Turn on port security
When a specific interface is tracked - HSRP reduces it's priority after a specified interval.
No shut

21. What types of authentication does HSRP allow?
Plain text or md5
When a specific interface is tracked - HSRP reduces it's priority after a specified interval.
Yes to both
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance

22. How does PAgP form etherchannels?
Only on ports that have same static VLANs or trunking. It also modifies parameters of the channel if one of the ports is modified
Route once - switch many
Yes
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD

23. How do IP phones communicate with each other?
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM
Trusted or untrusted

24. Where is root guard enabled?

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25. What are the 2 power over ethernet methods?
They disguise the origin of an attack
Using a mobility exchange message
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number
Cisco ILP and 802.3af

26. RSTP edge port
Only a single host connects . If one BDPU is received - it is no longer an edge port
Promiscuous and host
Isolated and community
Trusted or untrusted

27. How does HSRP port tracking work?

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28. What are the 3 ways GLBP load-balances?
1- trunking mode - 2-trunk encapsulation - 3-native VLAN - 4-allowed VLAN
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
Tracks of BDPUs on nondesignated ports. When those BDPUs stop coming - the port is put into loop-inconsistent state and blocks

29. What is route caching?

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30. How do you configure LACP standby links?
Hosts associated with a secondary VLAN can communicate with ports on the primary but not with another secondary VLAN
LACP port priority
MAC of the end device
Needs hardware upgrade over WEP - uses AES encryption

31. What is the STP learning state?
Roughly 2000
L2
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses
FE - GE - and aggregated FE/GE Etherchannels

32. What is the default FE duplex?
Real-time Transport Protocol
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
Full duplex
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced

33. How does the VRRP master router handle the VIP?
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
Untrusted
The master router can share the VIP
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number

34. What does the RP do?
Each frame transmits its expected duration time
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.
Can send and receive BDPUs
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it

35. If you want IP source guard to detect spoofed MAC addresses - what must you do?
The redundant SUP is booted and sup and route engine is init'd. No L2 or L3 functions are started. Allows switchports to retain state
Turn on port security
Distribution layer
If the switch or the powered device doesn't suport power class discovery

36. What must be supported for port-based security to occur?
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state
That they aren't using the same frequencies.
Auto mode
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)

37. What is 802.1x auto?
Using digital certificates
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability
The port uses 802.1x exchange to move from unauthorized to authorized. Requires app on client
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)

38. RSTP backup port
Port with redundant - but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate
If a unidirectional link is detected - the switch doesn't try to reestablish the link. ULD msgs are sent once/sec for 8 seconds - then the port is err-disabled
Packets must be sent to the L3 engine for further processing
When a specific interface is tracked - HSRP reduces it's priority after a specified interval.

39. Where is loop guard enabled?
VTP server for domain null with no password or secure mode
Both layer 2 switching and IVR
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports
No shut

40. When DHCP snooping is turned on - by default - it considers all ports ______
Roughly 50%
When a client roams between Aps in different subnets
On ports where you never expect to find a root bridge for a VLAN
Untrusted

41. How do you disable DTP when you configure both ends of the ISL manually?
1 IP subnet
Used when ACLs specify port ranges...used by TCAM
No because they only participate if asked
Switchpotrt nonegotiate

42. How does an LAP bind with a WLC?
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack
0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is six 0 bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group numberr. Yyyy is the virtual forwarder number
It is enabled by default on all CEF capable switches

43. Where is UDLD enabled?
A TCN BDPU is sent out of the switch's root port. The switch will continue sending TCN's every hello interval until ack'd by upstream neighbor. The root bridge will send a Config BDPU to all switches
Hosts associated with a secondary VLAN can communicate with ports on the primary but not with another secondary VLAN
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)
They should be an unconditional Etherchannel because the WLC can't negotiate a channel.

44. What are the 3 RSTP port types?
1-ID link path costs - 2-ID roodt bridge - 3-select root port (1/switch) - 4-select designated port (1/segment) - 5-ID blocking port
Edge - root - and point to point
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow
No

45. What are the steps to configure MST?
1- enable MST - 2-enter MST config mode - 3-assign region name and region configuration rev - 4-map vlans to an MSTI - 5-show pending changes - 6- commit by exiting
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine
LACP port priority
Can send and receive BDPUs

46. What is BDPU Guard?
Each physical interface has a different IP address. All physical interfaces point to a virtual interface called the standby address or VIP
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state
The port is forced to always authorize any connected client with no authentication necessary (default)

47. How does RSTP identify a topology change?
If the switch or the powered device doesn't suport power class discovery
Only when a nonedge port transitions to forwarding
A key string of up to 8 characters is sent. Default is cisco.
By using a hash of a key string

48. How is UDLD configured?
Port with redundant - but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate
Per-port or globally for all fiber-optic ports. Can be enabled globally - but will only affect fiber ports
Weak key rotation
Full duplex

49. RSTP learning state
1 IP subnet
Incoming frames dropped - but MACs learned
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting

50. How much overlap should WAPs have?
Each frame transmits its expected duration time
10-15%
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance

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CCNP Switch Deck

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