CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Each switch port is a _____ ______
RADIUS
1500B
Collision domain
Up to 4 can be used in a group. Called active virtual forwarders (AVF)


2. What is the default FE duplex?
A private VLAN can be logically associated with a special secondary vlan
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic
Full duplex
It is enabled by default on all CEF capable switches


3. If a wireless station needs to transmit and no other device is transmitting - what happens?
The port asks the other end to trunk
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table
Lowest cumulative cost to root
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack


4. What is SSO?

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5. What is a null adjacency?
Used to switch packets destined for the null interface
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz
5 (0-4 with 4 being the highest)
1- trunking mode - 2-trunk encapsulation - 3-native VLAN - 4-allowed VLAN


6. How is an instance defined?
Root - designated - blocking - alternate - forwarding (host)
VTP server for domain null with no password or secure mode
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table
The switch checks the MAC and IP reported in the reply against trusted values. If they don't match - it is dropped and logged


7. What is RPVST+?
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
Some unused bits are used to allow a port to identify its role and state. Also the BDPUs state that they are V2 BDPUs
Gets assistance from other NSF-aware neighbors. NSF features need to be built into the routing protocols on router needing and providing assistance
No


8. RSTP edge port
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole
A key string of up to 8 characters is sent. Default is cisco.
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies
Only a single host connects . If one BDPU is received - it is no longer an edge port


9. CAM table entries are purged when....
They disguise the origin of an attack
A MAC is seen on a different port
Variation in delay
On all switches in network to enable RLQ request and reply


10. What is a LACP priority?
No
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)
The switch checks the MAC and IP reported in the reply against trusted values. If they don't match - it is dropped and logged
An AP's coverage area


11. Can loop guard and udld be used together?
To the virtual port-channel interface
Yes
Bridge priority and MAC
FE and GE


12. How can you load-balance with HSRP?
By using a hash of a key string
Create 2 hsrp groups - each with the active router being different switches - then have clients point to each
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)


13. How should the switch port to which a WLC be configured?
300 sec
Globally or per-port
Globally
Trunk


14. What happens when the topology changes?

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15. How are VACLs configured?
On by default
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk
1- enable MST - 2-enter MST config mode - 3-assign region name and region configuration rev - 4-map vlans to an MSTI - 5-show pending changes - 6- commit by exiting
As a VLAN access map


16. What is the PVLAN host mode?
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset
2 seconds (def)
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan
802.1D


17. What is dynamic auto?
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer
Will trunk if asked


18. Where should STP timers be configured and why?
On root - because the root bridge propagates timers with config BDPU
Yes
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master


19. How does DSCP handle IP precedence?
Distribution
5 classes with 3 drop precedences
Connects to a router - firewall - or gateway. Can communicate with anything else connected to the primary or any secondary. Ignores pvlan config
Port with best root path cost on segment


20. What is errdisable dtp-flap?
Enables switches at the end of the spanning tree branches to have a functioning root port while keeping 1 or more redundant potential ports in blocking mode. When the main fails - the other comes up.
Will trunk if asked
One router is the active virtual gateway - has highest priority or IP in group - answers all ARP requests and gives MAC based on load balancing
Change in trunk encap


21. How does a DAI enabled switch gather trusted ARP info?
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries
1-(opt) set system priority - 2-select interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-set the mode - 5-(opt) set the port priority
The active router. All other routers are in backup state
Control functions


22. What must the other end be set to if PAgP desirable or LACP active mode is selected?
Either desirable or auto mode
All user ports that have portfast enabled
The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance
Used to switch packets that can't be forwarded normallly due to an encapsulation failure - unresolved address - unsupported protocol - etc.


23. How does IPT behave when the voice VLAN is in dot1p mode?
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p
Access or trunk
5 (0-4 with 4 being the highest)
Trunk


24. How many tunnels exist between the LAP and WLC?
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions
Sends a voltage across the receive pairs to detect a 25k ohm resistance
2 - one for control messages and one for data
Embeds the tag within the frame


25. What does Loop Guard do?
16 - IST gets MSTI 0 - 1-15 are available for use. MSTIs are locally significant to the MST region
Src-dst-ip
2 seconds (def)
Tracks of BDPUs on nondesignated ports. When those BDPUs stop coming - the port is put into loop-inconsistent state and blocks


26. What are the steps to configure MST?
1- enable MST - 2-enter MST config mode - 3-assign region name and region configuration rev - 4-map vlans to an MSTI - 5-show pending changes - 6- commit by exiting
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings
1 IP subnet
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP


27. What is unique about HSRP group numbers?
Yes
On by default
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p


28. What is BDPU Guard?
Priority (class 1)
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset


29. By default - what submode does PAgP operate in with the desirable and auto modes?
Up to 4 can be used in a group. Called active virtual forwarders (AVF)
Silent
Distribution
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another


30. What is the default 10mbps Enet duplex?
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches
Between any type of interface as long as the interface can have an L3 address assigned
Dynamic WEP keys that change periodically
Half-duplex


31. What if RSTP BDPUs aren't received?
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged
Automatically by duplex mode in use. Full duplex are point ot point. Half duplex ports use traditional 802.1D convergence is used.
By using a hash of a key string
On by default


32. What is an IBSS?
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.
Via an 802.1Q trunk or a single VLAN access port
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP
The DCF interframe space- the random backoff time before a wireless set can transmit


33. What is an MST instance?
Group (0-255) - priority (1-254 254 is highest - 100 default)
2 - one for control messages and one for data
The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance
They must be carried over a voice VLAN (VVID) or over a regular data VLAN (ie. The native VLAN or the PVID)


34. What is a cell?

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35. If the WLC connects to an Etherchannel - how should the channel be configured and why?

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36. How is a QoS trust bondary configured?
The RP listens to a flow's 1st packet for the dest. The SE listens to the packet and dest and puts a shortcut in the MSL cache. Netflow switching - route once - switch many
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies
Can send and receive BDPUs
Each frame transmits its expected duration time


37. How does every VRRP command begin?
That they aren't using the same frequencies.
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)


38. What are the 4 steps in DHCP negotiation?
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over specified VLAN - voice QOS is 802.1p
By using a trunk link
1/2 and 3/6


39. What method of QOS does voice traffic use most frequently?
Differentiated services
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs
12 kbps with headers and compression
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer


40. RSTP point to point port
Real-time functions such as beacons and probes - encryption and interactions with the client at L2
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet
Can hear only BDPUs


41. What's the easiest way to configure GLBP timers?
Switches make an effort to move packets as quickly as possible
Using digital certificates
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate
Yes


42. How are BDPUs spread?
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
16 - IST gets MSTI 0 - 1-15 are available for use. MSTIs are locally significant to the MST region
0000.5e00.01xx
They must be carried over a voice VLAN (VVID) or over a regular data VLAN (ie. The native VLAN or the PVID)


43. What does the switchport host macro do?
Sets the switchport mode to access - enables portfast - and turns off channel grouping for the port
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP
Group (0-255) - priority (1-254 254 is highest - 100 default)
Forces the router to wait for a period of time before attempting overthrow


44. What are the caveats for HSRP port tracking?
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up
Trusted or untrusted
Best effort delivery - integrated services model - and differentiated services model
Controls where candidate root bridges can be connected and found on a network


45. What are the two etherchannel negotiation protocols?
802.1w
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)
Immediate (class 2)
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance


46. What is RPR?
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials
On ports where you never expect to find a root bridge for a VLAN
On the left as you face the connector
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions


47. One vlan should =
1 IP subnet
Trusted or untrusted
No
1 -2 -5.5 and 11 Mbps - Channels 1/6/11 - 2.4Ghz


48. What does the ip option do when checking ARP replies

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49. How often are CAM table entries aged?
300 sec
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies
12 kbps with headers and compression


50. what I s distributed CEF (dCEF)?
MAC addresses are learned from the source MAC of incoming frames. If the destination address is unknown - the frame is flooded out all except the receiving port.
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.
Value - mask - and result (VMR) combinations