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CCNP Switch Deck

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. RSTP uses which standard?
Each physical interface has a different IP address. All physical interfaces point to a virtual interface called the standby address or VIP
Makes use of the DHCP snooping database and static ip source binding entries. If enabled - switch will test addresses
Each network device handles packets individually with no advance reservations
802.1w

2. What is the PVLAN promiscuous mode?
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state
Use the spanning-tree root macro
300 sec by default
Connects to a router - firewall - or gateway. Can communicate with anything else connected to the primary or any secondary. Ignores pvlan config

3. What are the 2 choices for VLANs with IPT?
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal
Tracks of BDPUs on nondesignated ports. When those BDPUs stop coming - the port is put into loop-inconsistent state and blocks
Used when ACLs specify port ranges...used by TCAM
They must be carried over a voice VLAN (VVID) or over a regular data VLAN (ie. The native VLAN or the PVID)

4. What's the easiest way to configure GLBP timers?
Incoming frames dropped - but MACs learned
Reboots and searches for a new WLC
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate
Weak key rotation

5. How do you configure a DHCP gateway?
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server
Enables switches at the end of the spanning tree branches to have a functioning root port while keeping 1 or more redundant potential ports in blocking mode. When the main fails - the other comes up.
Connects with SONET or SDH
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan

6. What is the STP learning state?
2 - one for control messages and one for data
1 per segment
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses
2 seconds

7. How is RSTP synchronization accomplished?
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP

8. What is the 80/20 rule?
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN

9. What are the three basic types of QOS?
Root
Best effort delivery - integrated services model - and differentiated services model
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge

10. How do you disable DTP when you configure both ends of the ISL manually?
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk
All user ports that have portfast enabled
Each frame transmits its expected duration time
Switchpotrt nonegotiate

11. What are the characteristics of the core layer
By using a hash of a key string
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric
1- inferior BDPU on blocked-considered alternative - 2-inferior on root-all blocked ports considered alternate - 3-if inferior arrives on root and no blocked ports - assumes loss of connectivity to root
Very high L3 throughput - no access lists or port filtering - redundancy and resilience - advanced QoS

12. What are the 2 types of BDPU?
When a client roams between Aps in different subnets
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
Configuration and TCN
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole

13. How does IPT behave when the voice VLAN is in untagged mode?
Needs hardware upgrade over WEP - uses AES encryption
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk

14. For QoS - switch uplinks should always be considered as ____ _____?
Manually
Trusted ports
Yes
It's a router that maintains routes (static or dynamic) - and populates the FIB

15. What pins does FE use?
A private VLAN can be logically associated with a special secondary vlan
1/2 and 3/6
Configure and enable DHCP snooping
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root

16. By default - what submode does PAgP operate in with the desirable and auto modes?
Silent
Port with best root path cost on segment
Those that connect to other switches
Normal and aggressive

17. How does a LAP and a WLC authenticate between each other?
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
1-ID link path costs - 2-ID roodt bridge - 3-select root port (1/switch) - 4-select designated port (1/segment) - 5-ID blocking port
Using digital certificates
Weak key rotation

18. How do VRRP routers handle preemption?
Every hello interval regardless of whether BDPUs are received from root - allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz
On by default
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance

19. How should UDLD be configured?
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table
L2
The configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay
Between interfaces that are assigned to L2 VLANs or L2 trunks

20. What is the access layer best practice?
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router

21. What scope is 802.1x enabled?
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan
Globally
Because each frame is checked
A private VLAN can be logically associated with a special secondary vlan

22. On what scope is DAI enabled?
TCAM
Per VLAN
Tracks of BDPUs on nondesignated ports. When those BDPUs stop coming - the port is put into loop-inconsistent state and blocks
By using a trunk link

23. Where does layer switching occur?
1 to 64
Between any type of interface as long as the interface can have an L3 address assigned
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric
Port stays up - packets from violating MACs dropped - no logging

24. How should the switch port to which a LAP be configured?
For hosts that doesn't understand routing - the DGW is configured to reply with its own mac
Should be used on access switches - can't be used on root - keeps enabled switch from becoming root by raising priority of switch and all ports - making them undesirable
Access
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM

25. what should you do if you expect a PAgP capable switch at the other end vs. a server or host?
If the switch or the powered device doesn't suport power class discovery
Configure non-silent submode
Using a mobility exchange message
Turn on port security

26. What is a service set?
1500B
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID
Needs hardware upgrade over WEP - uses AES encryption
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value

27. How does HSRP do MD5 authentication?
To the virtual port-channel interface
Group (0-255) - priority (1-254 254 is highest - 100 default)
Globally or per-port
By using a hash of a key string

28. What is an IBSS?
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action
The same as a standby group in HSRP
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP
Allows devices to interoperate with PVST and CST. Can use both dot1q and ISL

29. How much overlap should a wireless repeater have?
Roughly 50%
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
The RP listens to a flow's 1st packet for the dest. The SE listens to the packet and dest and puts a shortcut in the MSL cache. Netflow switching - route once - switch many
The active router. All other routers are in backup state

30. When should CDP be enabled?
No shut
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.
Only for trusted Cisco gear - especially phones
Port with best root path cost

31. What is DCF?
Half-duplex
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions
Untrusted
Change in trunk encap

32. One vlan should =
Control functions
1 IP subnet
Both ends should be on because on modes doesn't send PAgP or LACP packets
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings

33. Does a WLC and a LAP need to be on the same subnet?
They must be carried over a voice VLAN (VVID) or over a regular data VLAN (ie. The native VLAN or the PVID)
No
By creating a static IP binding
Immediate (class 2)

34. What is a direct topology change?
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw
The master router can share the VIP
Real-time Transport Protocol
One that can be detected on a switch interface (ie. Up/down)

35. What are the 3 trunk encap modes?
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)
Checks the destination MAC in the header against the target MAC in the ARP reply

36. What is the IEEE standard for STP?
Using a mobility exchange message
802.1D
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured

37. What functions does a WLC perform?
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.
300 sec
Control functions

38. What are the RSTP port roles?
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
MAC addresses are learned from the source MAC of incoming frames. If the destination address is unknown - the frame is flooded out all except the receiving port.
Up to 4 can be used in a group. Called active virtual forwarders (AVF)
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS

39. What is the port priority range?
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number
0-255 (lower is better)
4
1 per segment

40. What is a CEF glean?

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41. How should the switch port to which an autonomous AP be configured?
When a client roams between Aps in different subnets
Critical...used most often for IPT
Trunk
On the left as you face the connector

42. What does BDPU filtering do?
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
No
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO

43. What is the adjacency table?
Port is forced to never authorize any connected client
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry

44. What is BDPU Guard?
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.
Yes

45. Can MSTP interoperate with 802.1q and/or PVST+?
If a unidirectional link is detected - the switch doesn't try to reestablish the link. ULD msgs are sent once/sec for 8 seconds - then the port is err-disabled
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
Yes to both
Port with redundant - but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate

46. How do you prevent VLAN hopping?
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric
1- enable MST - 2-enter MST config mode - 3-assign region name and region configuration rev - 4-map vlans to an MSTI - 5-show pending changes - 6- commit by exiting
1 IP subnet
Set the native VLAN of a trunk to a bogus or unused VLAN ID then prune the native VLAN off both ends of the trunk

47. What is layer 3 roaming?
When a client roams between Aps in different subnets
Every hello interval regardless of whether BDPUs are received from root - allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology
Trusted ports
802.1D

48. What is the STP forward delay timer?
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds
Collision domain
LACP port priority

49. If one end of an Etherchannel (either type) is set to on and the channel doesn't form - what should you check?

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50. FE connectors use...
1-(opt) set system priority - 2-select interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-set the mode - 5-(opt) set the port priority
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
The distribution layer should have only L3 links

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CCNP Switch Deck

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