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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What does the RP do?
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it
Cisco ILP and 802.3af
Each frame transmits its expected duration time

2. What is the RSTP default hello interval?
1 -2 -5.5 and 11 Mbps - Channels 1/6/11 - 2.4Ghz
2 seconds
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.
Trusted ports

3. What is the SDM?
Those that connect to other switches
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions
Plain text or md5
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)

4. When looking at the sh spanning tree output - What does P2P peer(STP) denote?
No because they only participate if asked
Should be used on access switches - can't be used on root - keeps enabled switch from becoming root by raising priority of switch and all ports - making them undesirable
For hosts that doesn't understand routing - the DGW is configured to reply with its own mac
A point to point port type but the neighboring device runs traditional 802.1D STP

5. What is GLBP weight?
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface
LWAPP (Cisco proprietary) and CAP-WAP (standards based)
Sends a test tone on the transmit pair. If a device is detected - CDP is used to narrow down the power class.
By using a trunk link

6. What are spoofed addresses?
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port
They disguise the origin of an attack
Manually
Enables switches at the end of the spanning tree branches to have a functioning root port while keeping 1 or more redundant potential ports in blocking mode. When the main fails - the other comes up.

7. How does HSRP do MD5 authentication?
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains
SC fiber or RJ-45
By using a hash of a key string
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p

8. 802.11g
Compatible with 802.11b - up to 54Mbps in 12 data rates - 3 channels - 2.4Ghz
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports
Cisco recommends only on the root bridge
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value

9. What address does HSRP send hello packets to?
MST attributes must be manually entereed on each switch in the region. They don' t propagate like VTP.
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better
224.0.0.2 (all routers)
By using a hash of a key string

10. What is a cell?

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11. RSTP discarding state
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)
On root - because the root bridge propagates timers with config BDPU
A key string of up to 8 characters is sent. Default is cisco.
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies

12. On what scope is DAI enabled?
Set the native VLAN of a trunk to a bogus or unused VLAN ID then prune the native VLAN off both ends of the trunk
Immediate (class 2)
Local only
Per VLAN

13. At what layer should the WLC be connected?
The topology is pre-populated by downloading the topology DB into the FIB and dynamically updated. Called Cisco Express Forwarding
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
Distribution
Plain text or md5

14. How are frames forwarded across a specific link?
Hashing algorithm
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)
Used when ACLs specify port ranges...used by TCAM
When a port moves into forwarding or from fowarding or learning to blocking.

15. what do multilayer switches do?
The distribution layer should have only L3 links
Between any type of interface as long as the interface can have an L3 address assigned
Both layer 2 switching and IVR
Yes

16. How many users should be within a switch block?
Roughly 2000
Frames are forwarded
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated
One that can be detected on a switch interface (ie. Up/down)

17. What is the bridge priority range?
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port
LACP port priority
Port is forced to never authorize any connected client
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better

18. When are RSTP bdpus sent?
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports
Every hello interval regardless of whether BDPUs are received from root - allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router

19. What is DSCP codepoint AF41(34)?
It is enabled by default on all CEF capable switches
Forces the router to wait for a period of time before attempting overthrow
Flash override (class 4)
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged

20. RSTP alternate port
If a unidirectional link is detected - the switch doesn't try to reestablish the link. ULD msgs are sent once/sec for 8 seconds - then the port is err-disabled
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root
Globally
Limits the number if dhcp requests on a port

21. How do VRRP routers handle preemption?
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets
On by default
Used to switch packets that can't be forwarded normallly due to an encapsulation failure - unresolved address - unsupported protocol - etc.
Change in trunk encap

22. What is the LACP priority range?
Via an 802.1Q trunk or a single VLAN access port
Globally
The frame tag contains a 3 but portion tagged from 0 (low) to 7 (high)
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability

23. What is the STP Max Age timer?
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced
1-lowest root bridge ID - 2-lowest root path cost - 3-lowest bridgeID - 4-lowest port ID
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds

24. What are the 6 steps to configure 802.1x for port security?
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability
1-enable AAA on switch - 2-define RADIUS servers - 3-define authentication method - 4-enable 802.1x on switch - 5-conf. 802.1x ports - 6-allow hosts
The frame tag contains a 3 but portion tagged from 0 (low) to 7 (high)
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies

25. Define GLBP
By using a trunk link
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network
Route once - switch many
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary

26. What is the acceptible range of VLANS?
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
802.1D
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
Priority (class 1)

27. How do you configure LACP standby links?
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary
LACP port priority
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack

28. How does UDLD work?
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD
A port can only forward or relay BDPUs - but can't receive them - disabled by default - enabled per-port - blocks port when superior BDPUs are received
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole

29. What is the VRRP master router?
Almost eliminates listening and learning states for single hosts on an access link
The active router. All other routers are in backup state
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions

30. Can MSTP interoperate with 802.1q and/or PVST+?
On the left as you face the connector
Yes to both
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port
Automatically using DTP and CDP

31. What does Root Guard do?
Controls where candidate root bridges can be connected and found on a network
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec
Checks the source MAC in the header against the sender MAC in the ARP reply

32. Which fiber is the receive?
Local only
Globally
Every hello interval regardless of whether BDPUs are received from root - allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology
On the left as you face the connector

33. What functions does a LAP perform?
Stateful switchover - redundant sup is fully booted and init'd. Both start and run config are synched as is L2 information - and switchinterfaces.
Real-time functions such as beacons and probes - encryption and interactions with the client at L2
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports
L2

34. How are RSTP point to point ports determined?
Automatically by duplex mode in use. Full duplex are point ot point. Half duplex ports use traditional 802.1D convergence is used.
1 -2 -5.5 and 11 Mbps - Channels 1/6/11 - 2.4Ghz
Each frame transmits its expected duration time
Promiscuous and host

35. What does uplinkfast do?
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over specified VLAN - voice QOS is 802.1p
Enables switches at the end of the spanning tree branches to have a functioning root port while keeping 1 or more redundant potential ports in blocking mode. When the main fails - the other comes up.

36. What is accelerated CEF (aCEF)?
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset
Yes
Can hear only BDPUs

37. What is a baby giant frame?
Promiscuous and host
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers
300 sec
1500B

38. How does backbonefast determine whether alternative paths exist?
1- inferior BDPU on blocked-considered alternative - 2-inferior on root-all blocked ports considered alternate - 3-if inferior arrives on root and no blocked ports - assumes loss of connectivity to root
Manually
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number
Yes

39. What does MSTP do?
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance
Auto mode
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)

40. What happens if both 802.1D and RSTP BDPUs are received?
The port will operate under 802.1D rules. If they are received on the same port - it will run 802.1D until the migration delay expires
Distribution layer
MAC addresses are learned from the source MAC of incoming frames. If the destination address is unknown - the frame is flooded out all except the receiving port.
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active

41. How can you tell if a switch block is too large?
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP

42. What are the VRRP group and priority numbers?
Change in trunk encap
Group (0-255) - priority (1-254 254 is highest - 100 default)
Each physical interface has a different IP address. All physical interfaces point to a virtual interface called the standby address or VIP
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)

43. How much overlap should WAPs have?
10-15%
Cisco ILP and 802.3af
Untrusted
Those that connect to other switches

44. What are the RSTP port roles?
Yes to both
RADIUS
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
That they aren't using the same frequencies.

45. How does a Cisco IP phone connect upstream?
Via an 802.1Q trunk or a single VLAN access port
Immediate (class 2)
Access or trunk
Checks the destination MAC in the header against the target MAC in the ARP reply

46. How does every VRRP command begin?
Collision domain
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.

47. What is the IEEE standard for STP?
Port with best root path cost on segment
802.1D
1-(opt) configure load balancing - 2-select the interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-select the mode and submode
1-name the chain - 2-establish a key number - 3-create the key string - 4-apply the chain to the string

48. What is a vlan?
A single broadcast domain
Weak key rotation
Protects STP when a physical malfunction only allows traffic in 1 direction - even though the link shows as up (cisco proprietary)
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state

49. What is backbonefast?
Priority (class 1)
Globally
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance
Causes switch to actively determine whether alternative paths exist to root bridge in case ther eis an indirect failure

50. What is dhcp snooping rate limiting?
Limits the number if dhcp requests on a port
The ASIC
To the virtual port-channel interface
Use the spanning-tree root macro