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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How is an RSTP edge port configured
When a client roams between Aps in different subnets
12 kbps with headers and compression
With portfast
Normal and aggressive

2. What are the caveats for HSRP port tracking?
The same as a standby group in HSRP
On by default
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up
As a VLAN access map

3. What is the size of a TCAM value?
134 bits - consisting of source and destination addresses and protocol information from the packet or frame
As a VLAN access map
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine

4. What is 802.1x force-authorized?
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.
The port is forced to always authorize any connected client with no authentication necessary (default)
Isolated and community
Using a mobility exchange message

5. How often are BDPUs sent?
1 IP subnet
2 seconds (def)
The port is forced to always authorize any connected client with no authentication necessary (default)
On all switches in network to enable RLQ request and reply

6. What is differentiated services model QOS?
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM
Each network device handles packets individually with no advance reservations
Access or trunk

7. How does an LAP bind with a WLC?
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)
The total delay from start to finish
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.

8. How many designated ports are there?
1 per segment
802.11
1-(opt) configure load balancing - 2-select the interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-select the mode and submode
1500B

9. How should the switch port to which a LAP be configured?
0-255 (lower is better)
No shut
Access
Dynamic WEP keys that change periodically

10. What is a PVLAN?
A private VLAN can be logically associated with a special secondary vlan
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry
The topology is pre-populated by downloading the topology DB into the FIB and dynamically updated. Called Cisco Express Forwarding

11. How does a Cisco IP phone connect upstream?
Via an 802.1Q trunk or a single VLAN access port
Src-dst-ip
A port can only forward or relay BDPUs - but can't receive them - disabled by default - enabled per-port - blocks port when superior BDPUs are received
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up

12. How is Root Guard used?
The master router can share the VIP
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated
Up to 4 can be used in a group. Called active virtual forwarders (AVF)
On ports where you never expect to find a root bridge for a VLAN

13. What happens when switches receive a configuration BDPU?
Data and voice over native vlan no QOS and no 802.1p trunk
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)
Yes to both

14. What is a vlan?
The port will operate under 802.1D rules. If they are received on the same port - it will run 802.1D until the migration delay expires
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged
A single broadcast domain

15. What are the RSTP port roles?
Per-port or globally for all fiber-optic ports. Can be enabled globally - but will only affect fiber ports
Automatically negotiates a common trunk mode between switches
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated
Root - designated - alternate - and backup

16. What are the characteristics of the core layer
Very high L3 throughput - no access lists or port filtering - redundancy and resilience - advanced QoS
Sets the switchport mode to access - enables portfast - and turns off channel grouping for the port
Only when a nonedge port transitions to forwarding
2 seconds (def)

17. How do you renable an err-disable port by default?
L2
For hosts that doesn't understand routing - the DGW is configured to reply with its own mac
Manually
802.11

18. How can you load-balance with HSRP?
1500B
Create 2 hsrp groups - each with the active router being different switches - then have clients point to each
FIB
On ports where you never expect to find a root bridge for a VLAN

19. What is a CEF punt?

20. How often are CAM table entries aged?
300 sec
Silent
Critical...used most often for IPT
Cisco recommends only on the root bridge

21. What is an MST instance?
With the skinny protocol
Any ports associated with an isolated vlan can reach the primary - but not any other secondary. Hosts withn an isolated vlan can't reach each other
Show standby
The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance

22. How does L3 QOS classification happen?
The TOS field in the header is used. 2 methods 3 bits or 6 bits
As a VLAN access map
Admin down
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent

23. What is the STP blocking state?
Value - mask - and result (VMR) combinations
Can hear only BDPUs
Isolated and community
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic

24. What is the size of ISL encapsulation?
Cisco recommends only on the root bridge
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.
One that can be detected on a switch interface (ie. Up/down)

25. What is a drop adjacency?

26. How does the standby handle ARP issues after it becomes active?
Trunk
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO
The active router. All other routers are in backup state
By sending a gratuitous ARP

27. When looking at the sh spanning tree output - What does P2P peer(STP) denote?
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies
A point to point port type but the neighboring device runs traditional 802.1D STP
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC

28. How does IPT behave when the voce VLAN is in the default none mode?
Data and voice over native vlan no QOS and no 802.1p trunk
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP
Port with redundant - but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate

29. What is a bridge ID made up of?
A private VLAN can be logically associated with a special secondary vlan
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary
Hold time is 3xhello. A skew time of 256ms-routerpriority)/256ms is added
Bridge priority and MAC

30. What is DSCP codepoint EF(46)?
The port will operate under 802.1D rules. If they are received on the same port - it will run 802.1D until the migration delay expires
Checks the source MAC in the header against the sender MAC in the ARP reply
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)
Critical...used most often for IPT

31. What is an insignificant topology change?
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry
A host port goes up or down
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active
The ASIC

32. What is dynamic desireable?
Untrusted
Some unused bits are used to allow a port to identify its role and state. Also the BDPUs state that they are V2 BDPUs
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
The port asks the other end to trunk

33. What is DSCP codepoint AF31(26)?
Src-dst-ip
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance
Flash (class 3)
Makes use of the DHCP snooping database and static ip source binding entries. If enabled - switch will test addresses

34. where does L2 switching occur?
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.
Between interfaces that are assigned to L2 VLANs or L2 trunks
Switched Virtual Interface - an L3 address can be assigned to a logical interface that represents an entire VLAN - which becomes the DGW for that VLAN
Flash (class 3)

35. What is RPR+?

36. What is the duration time in a wireless frame?
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over specified VLAN - voice QOS is 802.1p
The port uses 802.1x exchange to move from unauthorized to authorized. Requires app on client
Each frame transmits its expected duration time
Trusted ports

37. What is layer 3 roaming?
Variation in delay
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings
If a unidirectional link is detected - the port continues normally - but the port is marked as undetermined and a syslog is generated
When a client roams between Aps in different subnets

38. What are the 2 power over ethernet methods?
Cisco ILP and 802.3af
2 seconds (def)
1 per segment
Either desirable or auto mode

39. Define HSRP
1 to 64
Root - designated - blocking - alternate - forwarding (host)
1-(opt) configure load balancing - 2-select the interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-select the mode and submode
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen

40. What is DSCP codepoint AF11(10)?
RADIUS
Forces the router to wait for a period of time before attempting overthrow
1-lowest root bridge ID - 2-lowest root path cost - 3-lowest bridgeID - 4-lowest port ID
Priority (class 1)

41. What is the port priority range?
0-255 (lower is better)
12 kbps with headers and compression
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1
Dynamic WEP keys that change periodically

42. What are the steps to configure a LACP port channel?
Every hello interval regardless of whether BDPUs are received from root - allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology
Configure non-silent submode
1-(opt) set system priority - 2-select interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-set the mode - 5-(opt) set the port priority
On all switches in network to enable RLQ request and reply

43. What does the RP do?
It's a router that maintains routes (static or dynamic) - and populates the FIB
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number
Hold time is 3xhello. A skew time of 256ms-routerpriority)/256ms is added
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it

44. What is the acceptible range of VLANS?
1- trunking mode - 2-trunk encapsulation - 3-native VLAN - 4-allowed VLAN
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
4
Hashing algorithm

45. Where is the QoS trust boundary usually configured on an IP phone?
FIB
Usually QoS from VOIP but not PC dataa
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router

46. What is the core block?

47. What is the cost of a 100Mbps link?
Port
A point to point port type
19
Regions and instances

48. What is common spanning tree (CST)?
1 per segment
Manually
Single instance of STP for all VLANs. BDPUs are sent over trunks using the native VLAN with untagged frames. Dot1q based
Port with best root path cost on segment

49. How is DHCP snooping enabled (scope)?
Priority (class 1)
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another
Globally
No because they only participate if asked

50. what I s distributed CEF (dCEF)?
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.
Admin down
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.