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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is errdisable pagp-flap?
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw
Forces the router to wait for a period of time before attempting overthrow
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config
On by default

2. What does the switchport host macro do?
FE and GE
19
1- enable MST - 2-enter MST config mode - 3-assign region name and region configuration rev - 4-map vlans to an MSTI - 5-show pending changes - 6- commit by exiting
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP

3. If there are 2 ports with same root cost - how is the tie broken for designated port?
Src-dst-ip
1-lowest root bridge ID - 2-lowest root path cost - 3-lowest bridgeID - 4-lowest port ID
224.0.0.2 (all routers)
The switch checks the MAC and IP reported in the reply against trusted values. If they don't match - it is dropped and logged

4. What is BDPU Guard?
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state
Promiscuous and host
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.
Value - mask - and result (VMR) combinations

5. Define GLBP
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.
The topology is pre-populated by downloading the topology DB into the FIB and dynamically updated. Called Cisco Express Forwarding
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary
Each frame transmits its expected duration time

6. What is DSCP codepoint AF41(34)?
Flash override (class 4)
1 to 64
Port
0-255

7. What is a BSS?
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.

8. What must be supported for port-based security to occur?
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
1/2 and 3/6
When a port moves into forwarding or from fowarding or learning to blocking.

9. What are spoofed addresses?
The DCF interframe space- the random backoff time before a wireless set can transmit
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router
They disguise the origin of an attack
Trunk

10. What is the LACP priority range?
Access or trunk
2 seconds
When a port moves into forwarding or from fowarding or learning to blocking.
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability

11. What is the acceptible range of VLANS?
Both ends should be on because on modes doesn't send PAgP or LACP packets
1 IP subnet
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry

12. What does UDLD do?
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP
Protects STP when a physical malfunction only allows traffic in 1 direction - even though the link shows as up (cisco proprietary)
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged
A point to point port type but the neighboring device runs traditional 802.1D STP

13. What does the reload keyword do in HSRP?
Yes
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number

14. WEP encryption
Trusted or untrusted
Weak key rotation
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS
Between interfaces that are assigned to L2 VLANs or L2 trunks

15. can root guard and loop guard be used together
Aggregation - high L3 throughput - security and policy based connectivity functions through access lists and packet filters - QoS - scalable high-speed links
Port with best root path cost on segment
The active router. All other routers are in backup state
No

16. How does the CEF L3 engine operate?

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17. What is DSCP codepoint AF31(26)?
Flash (class 3)
Packets must be sent to the L3 engine for further processing
Best effort delivery - integrated services model - and differentiated services model
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action

18. How is the HSRP MAC address configured?
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance
Between interfaces that are assigned to L2 VLANs or L2 trunks
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value
802.11

19. What is the adjacency table?
Yes
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry

20. What can the Etherchannel hash use?
The total delay from start to finish
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers

21. What is an ESS?
1 to 64
Trusted ports
2 seconds
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.

22. What are the 6 steps to configure 802.1x for port security?
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack
1-enable AAA on switch - 2-define RADIUS servers - 3-define authentication method - 4-enable 802.1x on switch - 5-conf. 802.1x ports - 6-allow hosts
Embeds the tag within the frame
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic

23. What is the default MTU?
1500B
Any dhcp reply coming from an untrusted port is discarded and the offending port is put in errdisable
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS
On the left as you face the connector

24. How does backbonefast determine whether alternative paths exist?
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.
1- inferior BDPU on blocked-considered alternative - 2-inferior on root-all blocked ports considered alternate - 3-if inferior arrives on root and no blocked ports - assumes loss of connectivity to root
5 (0-4 with 4 being the highest)
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM

25. What are the 2 UDLD modes?
10-15%
Hosts associated with a secondary VLAN can communicate with ports on the primary but not with another secondary VLAN
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings
Normal and aggressive

26. What are LOU register pairs?
Trusted ports
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds
Very high L3 throughput - no access lists or port filtering - redundancy and resilience - advanced QoS
Used when ACLs specify port ranges...used by TCAM

27. What is a wireless mobility group?
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group
A host port goes up or down
Makes use of the DHCP snooping database and static ip source binding entries. If enabled - switch will test addresses
Flash (class 3)

28. What is a CEF glean?

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29. How does NSF work?
Port
Local only
Gets assistance from other NSF-aware neighbors. NSF features need to be built into the routing protocols on router needing and providing assistance
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.

30. By default - what layer do catalyst switchports operate on?
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate
Port with best root path cost on segment
L2
Trusted ports

31. What is the switch block?
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q
Prevents the dhcp binding DB from being checked.
That they aren't using the same frequencies.

32. What method of QOS does voice traffic use most frequently?
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value
Differentiated services
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1
Connects to a router - firewall - or gateway. Can communicate with anything else connected to the primary or any secondary. Ignores pvlan config

33. How does VRRP do tracking?

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34. What does DTP do?
Automatically negotiates a common trunk mode between switches
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM
Option 43
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP

35. the static port to vlan membership is handled in _____
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate
The ASIC

36. What routing protocols support NSF?
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP

37. Of what significance are private VLANs
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group
Local only
Root - designated - alternate - and backup

38. Where does VRRP send advertisements?
If the switch or the powered device doesn't suport power class discovery
Multicasts to 224.0.0.18 (VRRP)
It's a router that maintains routes (static or dynamic) - and populates the FIB
By short-circuiting the max age timer

39. CAM table entries are purged when....
1-enable AAA on switch - 2-define RADIUS servers - 3-define authentication method - 4-enable 802.1x on switch - 5-conf. 802.1x ports - 6-allow hosts
The same as a standby group in HSRP
A MAC is seen on a different port
The port is forced to always authorize any connected client with no authentication necessary (default)

40. How does a DAI enabled switch gather trusted ARP info?
Hashing algorithm
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries
The port uses 802.1x exchange to move from unauthorized to authorized. Requires app on client
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block

41. Define VRRP
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)
With the skinny protocol

42. How does loop guard block ports?
Untrusted
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs
Only for the offending VLAN on the port
LACP port priority

43. What is the VRRP master router?
The active router. All other routers are in backup state
Can hear only BDPUs
L2
Critical...used most often for IPT

44. What does VTP do?
Via an 802.1Q trunk or a single VLAN access port
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network
802.1D

45. How does every VRRP command begin?
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)
When a specific interface is tracked - HSRP reduces it's priority after a specified interval.
Both ends should be on because on modes doesn't send PAgP or LACP packets
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number

46. How does 802.3af do power discovery?
Nonstop forwarding is an interactive method focusing on rebuilding the RIB after SUP switchover
Connects with SONET or SDH
0000.5e00.01xx
Sends a voltage across the receive pairs to detect a 25k ohm resistance

47. What is the size of ISL encapsulation?
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC
Those that connect to other switches
Both ends should be on because on modes doesn't send PAgP or LACP packets
Weak key rotation

48. How do you configure LACP standby links?
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole
Only on ports that have same static VLANs or trunking. It also modifies parameters of the channel if one of the ports is modified
LACP port priority

49. How should UDLD be configured?
TCAM
1-ID link path costs - 2-ID roodt bridge - 3-select root port (1/switch) - 4-select designated port (1/segment) - 5-ID blocking port
The configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay
7 switches from root bridge

50. What are the 3 unlicensed frequencies?
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)
5 classes with 3 drop precedences
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack