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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. If you want IP source guard to detect spoofed MAC addresses - what must you do?
Configuration and TCN
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block
Turn on port security
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance

2. Where shoul dmultilayer switches be implemented?
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials
Distribution layer
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1
Packets must be sent to the L3 engine for further processing

3. Does a WLC and a LAP need to be on the same subnet?
No
It's a router that maintains routes (static or dynamic) - and populates the FIB
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains
Real-time Transport Protocol

4. What must be in common for a BSS to form?
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials
Route once - switch many

5. What are the 5 steps a LAP uses to establish communication with a WLC?
Plain text or md5
Port with best root path cost on segment
1 to 64
1-LAP gets a DHCP address - 2-LAP learns IP of available WLC - 3-LAP sends a join request to WLC and receives join reply - 4-WLC sends code image - if necessary - 5-Tunnels are created

6. What are the 4 steps in DHCP negotiation?
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
Port with redundant - but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack
If the switch or the powered device doesn't suport power class discovery

7. What does MSTP do?
2
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance
0-255 (lower is better)
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet

8. What is route caching?

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9. Of what significance are private VLANs
10-15%
Local only
The topology is pre-populated by downloading the topology DB into the FIB and dynamically updated. Called Cisco Express Forwarding
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state

10. What is an autonomous mode AP?
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.
No
Via an 802.1Q trunk or a single VLAN access port

11. What is a VRRP group?
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better
The ASIC
The same as a standby group in HSRP

12. Define HSRP
A TCN BDPU is sent out of the switch's root port. The switch will continue sending TCN's every hello interval until ack'd by upstream neighbor. The root bridge will send a Config BDPU to all switches
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen
16 - IST gets MSTI 0 - 1-15 are available for use. MSTIs are locally significant to the MST region
Auto mode

13. What happens when switches receive a configuration BDPU?
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset

14. RSTP learning state
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
The configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay
MAC of the end device
Incoming frames dropped - but MACs learned

15. What is the bridge priority range?
Connects to a router - firewall - or gateway. Can communicate with anything else connected to the primary or any secondary. Ignores pvlan config
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table

16. How do you disable DTP when you configure both ends of the ISL manually?
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD

17. What method of QOS does voice traffic use most frequently?
Src-dst-ip
Discarding - learning - forwarding
Differentiated services
FIB

18. Which ports should you consider trusted for DAI?
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.
Prevents the dhcp binding DB from being checked.
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port
Those that connect to other switches

19. What is a null adjacency?
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.
Used to switch packets destined for the null interface
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
134 bits - consisting of source and destination addresses and protocol information from the packet or frame

20. What are the 3 trunk switchport modes?
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)
All user ports that have portfast enabled
Normal and aggressive
Nonstop forwarding is an interactive method focusing on rebuilding the RIB after SUP switchover

21. Can two switches in the auto(PAgP) or passive (LACP) mode create a channel? Why?
Controls where candidate root bridges can be connected and found on a network
No because they only participate if asked
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby
Immediate (class 2)

22. What is a PVLAN?
A private VLAN can be logically associated with a special secondary vlan
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings
Hosts associated with a secondary VLAN can communicate with ports on the primary but not with another secondary VLAN
224.0.0.2 (all routers)

23. What is the GLBP AVG?
Value - mask - and result (VMR) combinations
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root
Sets the switchport mode to access - enables portfast - and turns off channel grouping for the port
One router is the active virtual gateway - has highest priority or IP in group - answers all ARP requests and gives MAC based on load balancing

24. WPA encryption
Interim solution - uses same hardware as WEP - but uses TKIP encryption
Trusted ports
Port is forced to never authorize any connected client
Using a mobility exchange message

25. What is a vlan?
When a client roams between Aps in different subnets
Packets must be sent to the L3 engine for further processing
The total delay from start to finish
A single broadcast domain

26. What does the RP do?
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it
1-name the chain - 2-establish a key number - 3-create the key string - 4-apply the chain to the string
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions

27. How many tunnels exist between the LAP and WLC?
Port with redundant - but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate
Switches make an effort to move packets as quickly as possible
2 - one for control messages and one for data
802.1D

28. How are VACLs configured?
An AP's coverage area
As a VLAN access map
Incoming frames dropped - but MACs learned
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number

29. What is the default MTU?
19
1500B
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)
It updates the L2 headers with the proper src and dst MAC - L3 TTL - L3 checksum - and L2 checksum information

30. What is layer 2 roaming?
The port is forced to always authorize any connected client with no authentication necessary (default)
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet
5 classes with 3 drop precedences

31. What is the STP forward delay timer?
Trunk
Via an 802.1Q trunk or a single VLAN access port
Half-duplex
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds

32. 802.11g
63 kbps
Hosts associated with a secondary VLAN can communicate with ports on the primary but not with another secondary VLAN
MST attributes must be manually entereed on each switch in the region. They don' t propagate like VTP.
Compatible with 802.11b - up to 54Mbps in 12 data rates - 3 channels - 2.4Ghz

33. What is the VRRP skew time?
224.0.0.2 (all routers)
The TOS field in the header is used. 2 methods 3 bits or 6 bits
Hold time is 3xhello. A skew time of 256ms-routerpriority)/256ms is added
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds

34. What does the version number indicate when looking at CEF entries?
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan
By using a trunk link
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated

35. What is the default 802.3af power class and its use?

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36. How does an LAP bind with a WLC?
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)
Using a mobility exchange message
The active router. All other routers are in backup state

37. What is errdisable pagp-flap?
Switched Virtual Interface - an L3 address can be assigned to a logical interface that represents an entire VLAN - which becomes the DGW for that VLAN
2 seconds (def)
MAC of the end device
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config

38. What criteria are used to size a switch block?
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains
On root - because the root bridge propagates timers with config BDPU
Within a single MST region - an IST instances runs to work out a loop free topology between links where CST meets the region boundary and all switches in the region. It runs at the boundary.

39. How does L3 QOS classification happen?
Value - mask - and result (VMR) combinations
The TOS field in the header is used. 2 methods 3 bits or 6 bits
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port

40. What types of authentication does HSRP allow?
2
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
Plain text or md5
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy

41. How does IPT behave when the voice VLAN is in dot1p mode?
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p
Multicasts to 224.0.0.18 (VRRP)
Yes
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz

42. What routing protocols support NSF?
The total delay from start to finish
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.

43. How should the switch port to which a LAP be configured?
Needs hardware upgrade over WEP - uses AES encryption
2 seconds
Access
Nonstop forwarding is an interactive method focusing on rebuilding the RIB after SUP switchover

44. WPA2 encryption
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet
Needs hardware upgrade over WEP - uses AES encryption
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server
2

45. What is the default mode of load balancing?
L2
1/2 and 3/6
Differentiated services
Src-dst-ip

46. How do you show HSRP status
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.
Show standby
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses
Create 2 hsrp groups - each with the active router being different switches - then have clients point to each

47. How often are VRRP advertisements sent?
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
2 - one for control messages and one for data
The port uses 802.1x exchange to move from unauthorized to authorized. Requires app on client
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic

48. What are the RSTP port roles?
By using a trunk link
It is enabled by default on all CEF capable switches
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
Using a mobility exchange message

49. When looking at the sh spanning tree output - What does P2P denote?
A point to point port type
Regions and instances
When a port moves into forwarding or from fowarding or learning to blocking.
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets

50. How does HSRP gateway addressing work
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface
Each physical interface has a different IP address. All physical interfaces point to a virtual interface called the standby address or VIP
By sending a gratuitous ARP