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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What does the switchport host macro do?
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance
Admin down
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP
Best effort delivery - integrated services model - and differentiated services model

2. What are dynamic VLANs based on?
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.
Yes to both
Embeds the tag within the frame
MAC of the end device

3. What must be supported for port-based security to occur?
Change in trunk encap
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)

4. What does port-security restrict do?
Each frame transmits its expected duration time
It is enabled by default on all CEF capable switches
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets
19

5. What is UDLD aggressive mode?

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6. What is DSCP codepoint AF41(34)?
1-lowest root bridge ID - 2-lowest root path cost - 3-lowest bridgeID - 4-lowest port ID
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance
Flash override (class 4)
Only on ports that have same static VLANs or trunking. It also modifies parameters of the channel if one of the ports is modified

7. How should the switch port to which a WLC be configured?
Trunk
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers
Almost eliminates listening and learning states for single hosts on an access link
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group

8. What are the RSTP port roles?
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
1-LAP gets a DHCP address - 2-LAP learns IP of available WLC - 3-LAP sends a join request to WLC and receives join reply - 4-WLC sends code image - if necessary - 5-Tunnels are created
Frames are forwarded
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.

9. What if RSTP BDPUs aren't received?
The active router. All other routers are in backup state
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged
The total delay from start to finish
No

10. What is DSCP?
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow
Differentiated services code point
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root
63 kbps

11. Where is UDLD enabled?
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings

12. What are the 6 HSRP states?
The ASIC
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged
Access or trunk
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active

13. What is the portr ID?
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)
Automatically using DTP and CDP
Nonstop forwarding is an interactive method focusing on rebuilding the RIB after SUP switchover
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine

14. How are GLBP timers used?
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
1-enable AAA on switch - 2-define RADIUS servers - 3-define authentication method - 4-enable 802.1x on switch - 5-conf. 802.1x ports - 6-allow hosts

15. What is a vlan?
Switched Virtual Interface - an L3 address can be assigned to a logical interface that represents an entire VLAN - which becomes the DGW for that VLAN
A single broadcast domain
1/2 and 3/6
1-enable AAA on switch - 2-define RADIUS servers - 3-define authentication method - 4-enable 802.1x on switch - 5-conf. 802.1x ports - 6-allow hosts

16. How is 802.1x configured for port security?
16 - IST gets MSTI 0 - 1-15 are available for use. MSTIs are locally significant to the MST region
RADIUS
All user ports that have portfast enabled
That they aren't using the same frequencies.

17. 802.11a
300 sec
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)

18. Where shoul dmultilayer switches be implemented?
The DCF interframe space- the random backoff time before a wireless set can transmit
Causes switch to actively determine whether alternative paths exist to root bridge in case ther eis an indirect failure
Distribution layer
Only on ports that have same static VLANs or trunking. It also modifies parameters of the channel if one of the ports is modified

19. How does HSRP gateway addressing work
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value
Collision domain
1-name the chain - 2-establish a key number - 3-create the key string - 4-apply the chain to the string
Each physical interface has a different IP address. All physical interfaces point to a virtual interface called the standby address or VIP

20. What is an autonomous mode AP?
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.
The switch adds its MAC to the option 82 field so that the DHCP reply echoes back the switch's own information
Critical...used most often for IPT
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.

21. Where is bdpu guard enabled?
All user ports that have portfast enabled
Any ports associated with an isolated vlan can reach the primary - but not any other secondary. Hosts withn an isolated vlan can't reach each other
Per VLAN
RADIUS

22. FE connectors use...
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
Sets the switchport mode to access - enables portfast - and turns off channel grouping for the port
Flash (class 3)

23. What is a BSS?
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.
Trunk
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.

24. RSTP alternate port
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root
The frame tag contains a 3 but portion tagged from 0 (low) to 7 (high)
They disguise the origin of an attack

25. What happens during HSRP failover?
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.
Option 43

26. How does IPT behave when the voice VLAN is in dot1p mode?
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.
RADIUS
Protects STP when a physical malfunction only allows traffic in 1 direction - even though the link shows as up (cisco proprietary)
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p

27. How does HSRP election work?
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate

28. How do you show HSRP status
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge
Show standby
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.
Sends a voltage across the receive pairs to detect a 25k ohm resistance

29. What is the 80/20 rule?
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN
Should be used on access switches - can't be used on root - keeps enabled switch from becoming root by raising priority of switch and all ports - making them undesirable
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.
12 kbps with headers and compression

30. How should UDLD be configured?
0-255
RADIUS
By short-circuiting the max age timer
The configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay

31. How many potential links can LACP define?
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports
1 -2 -5.5 and 11 Mbps - Channels 1/6/11 - 2.4Ghz
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby
A host port goes up or down

32. How do you configure DAI for statically configured IP addresses?
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings
Compatible with 802.11b - up to 54Mbps in 12 data rates - 3 channels - 2.4Ghz
No
Distribution

33. How much BW does a voip connection use?
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up
12 kbps with headers and compression
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)

34. What is the default network diameter?
Trusted or untrusted
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.
7 switches from root bridge
Full duplex

35. How does a LAP and a WLC authenticate between each other?
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group
Using digital certificates
0-255 (lower is better)
Only for trusted Cisco gear - especially phones

36. How often are CAM table entries aged?
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
300 sec
Half-duplex
Hosts associated with a secondary VLAN can communicate with ports on the primary but not with another secondary VLAN

37. What is an untrusted port under dhcp snooping?
Any dhcp reply coming from an untrusted port is discarded and the offending port is put in errdisable
The port is forced to always authorize any connected client with no authentication necessary (default)
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby
L2

38. Does VTP pass private VLAN configuration?
Half because transmitting and receiving stations use the same frequency
Group (0-255) - priority (1-254 254 is highest - 100 default)
No
For hosts that doesn't understand routing - the DGW is configured to reply with its own mac

39. What's the easiest way to configure GLBP timers?
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate
The port uses 802.1x exchange to move from unauthorized to authorized. Requires app on client
1 IP subnet
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)

40. How do you find duplex mismatches?
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance
MST attributes must be manually entereed on each switch in the region. They don' t propagate like VTP.
12 kbps with headers and compression
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10

41. What does the switchport host macro do?
1- enable MST - 2-enter MST config mode - 3-assign region name and region configuration rev - 4-map vlans to an MSTI - 5-show pending changes - 6- commit by exiting
Sets the switchport mode to access - enables portfast - and turns off channel grouping for the port
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.
Collision domain

42. 802.11g
Multicasts to 224.0.0.18 (VRRP)
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance
Each frame transmits its expected duration time
Compatible with 802.11b - up to 54Mbps in 12 data rates - 3 channels - 2.4Ghz

43. What is unique about HSRP group numbers?
Connects with SONET or SDH
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another
Protects STP when a physical malfunction only allows traffic in 1 direction - even though the link shows as up (cisco proprietary)
134 bits - consisting of source and destination addresses and protocol information from the packet or frame

44. What is the GLBP redirect timer?
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies
1-(opt) set system priority - 2-select interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-set the mode - 5-(opt) set the port priority
Access
All ports where root isn't expected

45. What are the 4 steps to extend QoS trust?
Only on ports that have same static VLANs or trunking. It also modifies parameters of the channel if one of the ports is modified
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary
Discarding - learning - forwarding
Turn on port security

46. If the WLC connects to an Etherchannel - how should the channel be configured and why?

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47. Define HSRP
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen
1-LAP gets a DHCP address - 2-LAP learns IP of available WLC - 3-LAP sends a join request to WLC and receives join reply - 4-WLC sends code image - if necessary - 5-Tunnels are created
It updates the L2 headers with the proper src and dst MAC - L3 TTL - L3 checksum - and L2 checksum information

48. What is a CEF glean?

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49. What are the RSTP port states?
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers
Discarding - learning - forwarding
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance

50. Define VRRP
Show standby
When a port moves into forwarding or from fowarding or learning to blocking.
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP