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CCNP Switch Deck

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Where are security and QoS ACLs stored?
The port uses 802.1x exchange to move from unauthorized to authorized. Requires app on client
Half because transmitting and receiving stations use the same frequency
TCAM
Each physical interface has a different IP address. All physical interfaces point to a virtual interface called the standby address or VIP

2. What is PVST plus (PVST+)?
Allows devices to interoperate with PVST and CST. Can use both dot1q and ISL
Each frame transmits its expected duration time
Checks the source MAC in the header against the sender MAC in the ARP reply
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP

3. How does every VRRP command begin?
By using a hash of a key string
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number
An AP's coverage area
Limits the number if dhcp requests on a port

4. What are the two private vlan association modes?
Promiscuous and host
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM
Hashing algorithm
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors

5. What method of QOS does voice traffic use most frequently?
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)
5 classes with 3 drop precedences
Differentiated services
Best effort delivery - integrated services model - and differentiated services model

6. How does the CEF L3 engine operate?

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7. How can you tell if a switch block is too large?
MAC of the end device
By creating a static IP binding
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block
Configuration and TCN

8. WPA encryption
Interim solution - uses same hardware as WEP - but uses TKIP encryption
Checks the sender's ip in all arp requests and checks the sender's IP against target IP in all replies
Port stays up - packets from violating MACs dropped - no logging
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry

9. How are frames forwarded across a specific link?
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced
Compatible with 802.11b - up to 54Mbps in 12 data rates - 3 channels - 2.4Ghz
Hashing algorithm
Using a mobility exchange message

10. What do you need to determine to use MSTP?
Any dhcp reply coming from an untrusted port is discarded and the offending port is put in errdisable
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance
The ASIC
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary

11. What is a QoS trust boundary?
Using digital certificates
The point at which a switch decides to trust incoming Qos. Usually at boundary with ISP
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings

12. What 2 conditions does IP source guard check for?
Regions and instances
Gets assistance from other NSF-aware neighbors. NSF features need to be built into the routing protocols on router needing and providing assistance
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry

13. What is a bridge ID made up of?
Each physical interface has a different IP address. All physical interfaces point to a virtual interface called the standby address or VIP
Bridge priority and MAC
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan
Auto mode

14. How far chould a VLAN extend?
Yes
Checks the sender's ip in all arp requests and checks the sender's IP against target IP in all replies
Distribution layer
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk

15. Can two switches in the auto(PAgP) or passive (LACP) mode create a channel? Why?
1-(opt) configure load balancing - 2-select the interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-select the mode and submode
No because they only participate if asked
Incoming frames dropped - but MACs learned
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)

16. What is an end to end vlan?
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack
Between interfaces that are assigned to L2 VLANs or L2 trunks
The port uses 802.1x exchange to move from unauthorized to authorized. Requires app on client
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric

17. How does an LAP bind with a WLC?
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP

18. What does a LAP do if it loses communication with it's WLC?
Change in trunk encap
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config
Reboots and searches for a new WLC

19. unknown unicast flooding
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP
224.0.0.2 (all routers)
Turn on port security
MAC addresses are learned from the source MAC of incoming frames. If the destination address is unknown - the frame is flooded out all except the receiving port.

20. What is the cost of a 10Gbps link?
2
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine
Access or trunk

21. How many MST instances can be in a region?
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
A port can only forward or relay BDPUs - but can't receive them - disabled by default - enabled per-port - blocks port when superior BDPUs are received
16 - IST gets MSTI 0 - 1-15 are available for use. MSTIs are locally significant to the MST region
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface

22. How does the VRRP master router handle the VIP?
A host port goes up or down
No
1-ID link path costs - 2-ID roodt bridge - 3-select root port (1/switch) - 4-select designated port (1/segment) - 5-ID blocking port
The master router can share the VIP

23. How does a DHCP server send WLC addresses?
Option 43
300 sec by default
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)

24. What does IP source guard do?
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec
Makes use of the DHCP snooping database and static ip source binding entries. If enabled - switch will test addresses
On all switches in network to enable RLQ request and reply

25. How does NSF work?
By configuring every switch port to have an expected and controlled behavior
To the virtual port-channel interface
Gets assistance from other NSF-aware neighbors. NSF features need to be built into the routing protocols on router needing and providing assistance
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.

26. What is the acceptible range of VLANS?
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
Regions and instances
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves

27. How does IPT behave when the voice VLAN is in dot1p mode?
Port with best root path cost on segment
63 kbps
Limits the number if dhcp requests on a port
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p

28. How is the HSRP MAC address configured?
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value
0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is six 0 bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group numberr. Yyyy is the virtual forwarder number
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries

29. What is the format of the VRRP virtual MAC?
300 sec by default
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block
0000.5e00.01xx
With the skinny protocol

30. How does a WLC hand off a client's association to another WLC?
Using a mobility exchange message
7 switches from root bridge
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured
Those that connect to other switches

31. What is DSCP codepoint AF21(18)?
Can hear only BDPUs
Immediate (class 2)
Plain text or md5
4

32. What is UDLD aggressive mode?

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33. What scope is 802.1x enabled?
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec
Globally
4
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)

34. What is the cost of a 100Mbps link?
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.
The switch adds its MAC to the option 82 field so that the DHCP reply echoes back the switch's own information
19

35. When a host is connected to a switchport - why aren't frame errors propagated?
1 to 64
Because each frame is checked
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
Limits the number if dhcp requests on a port

36. What data does DHCP snooping track?
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.
The topology is pre-populated by downloading the topology DB into the FIB and dynamically updated. Called Cisco Express Forwarding
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
Port with best root path cost on segment

37. What is the STP blocking state?
Variation in delay
Best effort delivery - integrated services model - and differentiated services model
Can hear only BDPUs
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec

38. What is a punt adjacency?
Priority (class 1)
The same as a standby group in HSRP
Yes
Packets must be sent to the L3 engine for further processing

39. What does the switchport host macro do?
1-LAP gets a DHCP address - 2-LAP learns IP of available WLC - 3-LAP sends a join request to WLC and receives join reply - 4-WLC sends code image - if necessary - 5-Tunnels are created
The campus network's backbone
Option 43
Sets the switchport mode to access - enables portfast - and turns off channel grouping for the port

40. What is a root link query (RLQ)?
It can't
Each network device handles packets individually with no advance reservations
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge
MAC addresses are learned from the source MAC of incoming frames. If the destination address is unknown - the frame is flooded out all except the receiving port.

41. What are the characteristics of the access layer?
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS
0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is six 0 bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group numberr. Yyyy is the virtual forwarder number
On the left as you face the connector
Multicasts to 224.0.0.18 (VRRP)

42. What is the GLBP group and priority range
Access
Each frame transmits its expected duration time
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)
No because they only participate if asked

43. When DHCP snooping is turned on - by default - it considers all ports ______
No
Untrusted
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan
Used to switch packets that can't be forwarded normallly due to an encapsulation failure - unresolved address - unsupported protocol - etc.

44. WEP encryption
The total delay from start to finish
Weak key rotation
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack
On by default

45. What is a CEF glean?

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46. How does HSRP election work?
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker
The DCF interframe space- the random backoff time before a wireless set can transmit
Lowest cumulative cost to root
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP

47. How does an L2 switch do QOS?
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk
No shut
Port

48. What is integrated services model QOS?
Every hello interval regardless of whether BDPUs are received from root - allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better
63 kbps

49. If a wireless station needs to transmit and no other device is transmitting - what happens?
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config
1- enable MST - 2-enter MST config mode - 3-assign region name and region configuration rev - 4-map vlans to an MSTI - 5-show pending changes - 6- commit by exiting
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack
Will trunk if asked

50. What is RPR+?

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CCNP Switch Deck

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