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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How does packet forwarding work
Option 43
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw

2. How much BW does a PSTN connection use?
They disguise the origin of an attack
300 sec
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves
63 kbps

3. if the switchport is part of an etherchannel - Where is the network assigned
To the virtual port-channel interface
2 seconds (def)
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.
For hosts that doesn't understand routing - the DGW is configured to reply with its own mac

4. At what layer should the WLC be connected?
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby
Some unused bits are used to allow a port to identify its role and state. Also the BDPUs state that they are V2 BDPUs
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p
Distribution

5. What are the restrictions for bundling into an Etherchannel?
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings
Allows devices to interoperate with PVST and CST. Can use both dot1q and ISL
Edge - root - and point to point
Both ends should be on because on modes doesn't send PAgP or LACP packets

6. Does a WLC and a LAP need to be on the same subnet?
No
802.1D
A point to point port type but the neighboring device runs traditional 802.1D STP
The configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay

7. How does adding option-82 to DHCP snooping affect things?

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8. What does the skinny protocol do?
Sets the switchport mode to access - enables portfast - and turns off channel grouping for the port
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number

9. What is DAI?
1-LAP gets a DHCP address - 2-LAP learns IP of available WLC - 3-LAP sends a join request to WLC and receives join reply - 4-WLC sends code image - if necessary - 5-Tunnels are created
Dynamic arp inspection
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server

10. How is root port decided upon?
Lowest cumulative cost to root
The same as a standby group in HSRP
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better
Both layer 2 switching and IVR

11. If there are 2 ports with same root cost - how is the tie broken for designated port?
Admin down
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
1-lowest root bridge ID - 2-lowest root path cost - 3-lowest bridgeID - 4-lowest port ID
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table

12. What functions does a LAP perform?
0000.5e00.01xx
Real-time functions such as beacons and probes - encryption and interactions with the client at L2
Port
Flash (class 3)

13. What is a service set?
Change in trunk encap
1 per segment
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds

14. How should the switch port to which a WLC be configured?
Port
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action
300 sec by default
Trunk

15. How can you load-balance with HSRP?
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.
By creating a static IP binding
Create 2 hsrp groups - each with the active router being different switches - then have clients point to each
The configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay

16. When DHCP snooping is turned on - by default - it considers all ports ______
Either desirable or auto mode
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
Switches make an effort to move packets as quickly as possible
Untrusted

17. How do you prevent VLAN hopping?
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole
1 per segment
Set the native VLAN of a trunk to a bogus or unused VLAN ID then prune the native VLAN off both ends of the trunk
Critical...used most often for IPT

18. FE connectors use...
2 seconds
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
12 kbps with headers and compression
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer

19. By default - what layer do catalyst switchports operate on?
Switches make an effort to move packets as quickly as possible
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer
L2
The frame tag contains a 3 but portion tagged from 0 (low) to 7 (high)

20. What are the PAgP negotiation modes
FIB
Interim solution - uses same hardware as WEP - but uses TKIP encryption
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.

21. How do you renable an err-disable port by default?
Manually
LACP port priority
By configuring every switch port to have an expected and controlled behavior
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP

22. What happens when an ARP reply is received on an untrusted port?

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23. How are GLBP timers used?
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec
Yes
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
The switch checks the MAC and IP reported in the reply against trusted values. If they don't match - it is dropped and logged

24. What is the default mode of load balancing?
Src-dst-ip
Variation in delay
The topology is pre-populated by downloading the topology DB into the FIB and dynamically updated. Called Cisco Express Forwarding
A TCN BDPU is sent out of the switch's root port. The switch will continue sending TCN's every hello interval until ack'd by upstream neighbor. The root bridge will send a Config BDPU to all switches

25. How does the standby handle ARP issues after it becomes active?
By sending a gratuitous ARP
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00

26. What ILP mode are all ports in by default?
The redundant SUP is booted and sup and route engine is init'd. No L2 or L3 functions are started. Allows switchports to retain state
Cisco recommends only on the root bridge
Auto mode
Globally

27. What does port-security restrict do?
When a specific interface is tracked - HSRP reduces it's priority after a specified interval.
The ASIC
All user ports that have portfast enabled
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets

28. How is DHCP snooping enabled (scope)?
Port with best root path cost on segment
Each frame transmits its expected duration time
Globally
802.1D

29. How do you show HSRP status
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.
By creating a static IP binding
Show standby

30. What are the 3 RSTP port types?
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface
802.1D
Edge - root - and point to point
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)

31. WPA2 encryption
Needs hardware upgrade over WEP - uses AES encryption
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches
Almost eliminates listening and learning states for single hosts on an access link

32. How do you prevent switch spoofing?
By configuring every switch port to have an expected and controlled behavior
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured
1- inferior BDPU on blocked-considered alternative - 2-inferior on root-all blocked ports considered alternate - 3-if inferior arrives on root and no blocked ports - assumes loss of connectivity to root
Using a mobility exchange message

33. What is the traditional MLS view of switching?
The topology is pre-populated by downloading the topology DB into the FIB and dynamically updated. Called Cisco Express Forwarding
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP
On ports where you never expect to find a root bridge for a VLAN
Route once - switch many

34. RSTP edge port
Sets the switchport mode to access - enables portfast - and turns off channel grouping for the port
Only a single host connects . If one BDPU is received - it is no longer an edge port
Tracks of BDPUs on nondesignated ports. When those BDPUs stop coming - the port is put into loop-inconsistent state and blocks
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.

35. What is the default 802.3af power class and its use?

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36. What are the RSTP port states?
Distribution
Only on ports that have same static VLANs or trunking. It also modifies parameters of the channel if one of the ports is modified
Discarding - learning - forwarding
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP

37. When should CDP be enabled?
Only for trusted Cisco gear - especially phones
2 - one for control messages and one for data
It updates the L2 headers with the proper src and dst MAC - L3 TTL - L3 checksum - and L2 checksum information
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry

38. What is layer 3 roaming?
RADIUS
When a client roams between Aps in different subnets
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00

39. What is the size of a TCAM value?
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another
Globally
134 bits - consisting of source and destination addresses and protocol information from the packet or frame
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table

40. If a wireless station needs to transmit and another device is transmitting - what happens?
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer
Controls where candidate root bridges can be connected and found on a network
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting

41. What are the 3 redundant supervisor modes?
0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is six 0 bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group numberr. Yyyy is the virtual forwarder number
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk

42. What is the bridge priority range?
Each physical interface has a different IP address. All physical interfaces point to a virtual interface called the standby address or VIP
Checks the source MAC in the header against the sender MAC in the ARP reply
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better

43. How many potential links can LACP define?
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby
0-255 (lower is better)
FIB
No shut

44. What is an SVI?
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow
Switched Virtual Interface - an L3 address can be assigned to a logical interface that represents an entire VLAN - which becomes the DGW for that VLAN
Differentiated services code point
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset

45. How is Root Guard used?
Only when a nonedge port transitions to forwarding
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.
Regions and instances
On ports where you never expect to find a root bridge for a VLAN

46. How is a QoS trust bondary configured?
Critical...used most often for IPT
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies
On the left as you face the connector

47. What criteria are used to size a switch block?
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
The same as a standby group in HSRP
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains

48. What are the 5 steps a LAP uses to establish communication with a WLC?
1-LAP gets a DHCP address - 2-LAP learns IP of available WLC - 3-LAP sends a join request to WLC and receives join reply - 4-WLC sends code image - if necessary - 5-Tunnels are created
The TOS field in the header is used. 2 methods 3 bits or 6 bits
Used when ACLs specify port ranges...used by TCAM
Forces the router to wait for a period of time before attempting overthrow

49. Where should you change the network diameter value?
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.
Cisco recommends only on the root bridge
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry

50. What are the two private vlan association modes?
Promiscuous and host
Regions and instances
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
Plain text or md5