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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the cost of a 1Gbps link?
802.11
FE and GE
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced
4

2. How does adding option-82 to DHCP snooping affect things?

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3. What is the acceptible range of VLANS?
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)

4. can root guard and udld be used together?
Silent
The L3 forwarding engine can't forward the packet in hardware because there is no L2 next-hop address - so the packet is sent to the L3 engine to generate the ARP response
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)
Yes

5. EAP encryption
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)
Dynamic WEP keys that change periodically
Configuration and TCN
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better

6. How does dot1q do trunking?
The distribution layer should have only L3 links
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1
Embeds the tag within the frame
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better

7. Define HSRP
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
The switch adds its MAC to the option 82 field so that the DHCP reply echoes back the switch's own information

8. What does a LAP do if it loses communication with it's WLC?
Reboots and searches for a new WLC
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q
Makes use of the DHCP snooping database and static ip source binding entries. If enabled - switch will test addresses
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary

9. What is the range of PAgP channel group numbers?
1 to 64
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO

10. What is the LACP priority range?
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability

11. What is NSF?
Variation in delay
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)
Nonstop forwarding is an interactive method focusing on rebuilding the RIB after SUP switchover
Sets the switchport mode to access - enables portfast - and turns off channel grouping for the port

12. Can MSTP interoperate with 802.1q and/or PVST+?
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries
Yes to both
Normal and aggressive
0000.5e00.01xx

13. What are TCAM entries composed of?
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured
FE - GE - and aggregated FE/GE Etherchannels
1 per segment
Value - mask - and result (VMR) combinations

14. What are the PAgP negotiation modes
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole
Src-ip - dst-ip - src-dst-ip - src-mac - dst-mac - src-dst-mac - src-port - dst-port - src-dst-port
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)
Will trunk if asked

15. What is the default VTP state?
12 kbps with headers and compression
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN
VTP server for domain null with no password or secure mode
Priority (class 1)

16. By default - what submode does PAgP operate in with the desirable and auto modes?
The DCF interframe space- the random backoff time before a wireless set can transmit
Silent
Access or trunk
Dynamic arp inspection

17. How does IPT behave when the voce VLAN is in the default none mode?
The redundant SUP is booted and sup and route engine is init'd. No L2 or L3 functions are started. Allows switchports to retain state
Using digital certificates
Data and voice over native vlan no QOS and no 802.1p trunk
MAC of the end device

18. What 2 conditions does IP source guard check for?
Only a single host connects . If one BDPU is received - it is no longer an edge port
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry
63 kbps
Sends a test tone on the transmit pair. If a device is detected - CDP is used to narrow down the power class.

19. RSTP uses which standard?
802.1w
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy
By using a trunk link
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw

20. RSTP discarding state
One that can be detected on a switch interface (ie. Up/down)
Trunk
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)
Only for trusted Cisco gear - especially phones

21. What does the rewrite engine do?
Option 43
It updates the L2 headers with the proper src and dst MAC - L3 TTL - L3 checksum - and L2 checksum information
When a port moves into forwarding or from fowarding or learning to blocking.
Yes

22. What are the characteristics of the access layer?
They should be an unconditional Etherchannel because the WLC can't negotiate a channel.
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured

23. RSTP BPDU structure
Port with best root path cost on segment
Some unused bits are used to allow a port to identify its role and state. Also the BDPUs state that they are V2 BDPUs
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table
Admin down

24. What are the VRRP group and priority numbers?
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies
Group (0-255) - priority (1-254 254 is highest - 100 default)
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table
By using a trunk link

25. can root guard and loop guard be used together
No
Immediate (class 2)
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table

26. How much BW does a voip connection use?
When a client roams between Aps in different subnets
Sends a voltage across the receive pairs to detect a 25k ohm resistance
Automatically negotiates a common trunk mode between switches
12 kbps with headers and compression

27. What is an MST instance?
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk
The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance

28. what must be done on an SVI before it is activated?
802.11
No shut
2
Connects to a router - firewall - or gateway. Can communicate with anything else connected to the primary or any secondary. Ignores pvlan config

29. Where is the QoS trust boundary usually configured on an IP phone?
Distribution layer
Usually QoS from VOIP but not PC dataa
Between interfaces that are assigned to L2 VLANs or L2 trunks
1-enable AAA on switch - 2-define RADIUS servers - 3-define authentication method - 4-enable 802.1x on switch - 5-conf. 802.1x ports - 6-allow hosts

30. How does a DHCP server send WLC addresses?
On by default
With portfast
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)
Option 43

31. What happens during HSRP failover?
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec
Access or trunk
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID

32. What is a proxy arp?

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33. What is the GLBP AVG?
One router is the active virtual gateway - has highest priority or IP in group - answers all ARP requests and gives MAC based on load balancing
FE - GE - and aggregated FE/GE Etherchannels
Sets the switchport mode to access - enables portfast - and turns off channel grouping for the port
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.

34. What are the characteristics of the distribution layer?
Aggregation - high L3 throughput - security and policy based connectivity functions through access lists and packet filters - QoS - scalable high-speed links
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)
12 kbps with headers and compression
MAC addresses are learned from the source MAC of incoming frames. If the destination address is unknown - the frame is flooded out all except the receiving port.

35. At what layer should the WLC be connected?
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table
Those that connect to other switches
Distribution

36. What is the STP hello timer?
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
1-name the chain - 2-establish a key number - 3-create the key string - 4-apply the chain to the string
With portfast

37. What is DCF?
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole

38. Where are security and QoS ACLs stored?
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over specified VLAN - voice QOS is 802.1p
134 bits
It updates the L2 headers with the proper src and dst MAC - L3 TTL - L3 checksum - and L2 checksum information
TCAM

39. What types of links can be trunked?
Interim solution - uses same hardware as WEP - but uses TKIP encryption
FE - GE - and aggregated FE/GE Etherchannels
Because each frame is checked
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.

40. What pins does FE use?
Because each frame is checked
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
1/2 and 3/6
Hold time is 3xhello. A skew time of 256ms-routerpriority)/256ms is added

41. If a wireless station needs to transmit and no other device is transmitting - what happens?
A host port goes up or down
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack
1-name the chain - 2-establish a key number - 3-create the key string - 4-apply the chain to the string
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds

42. How does ISL handle COS?
300 sec
The frame tag contains a 3 but portion tagged from 0 (low) to 7 (high)
MAC addresses are learned from the source MAC of incoming frames. If the destination address is unknown - the frame is flooded out all except the receiving port.
Set the native VLAN of a trunk to a bogus or unused VLAN ID then prune the native VLAN off both ends of the trunk

43. Automatically configure STP timers
Use the spanning-tree root macro
That they aren't using the same frequencies.
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP
Single instance of STP for all VLANs. BDPUs are sent over trunks using the native VLAN with untagged frames. Dot1q based

44. How do you find duplex mismatches?
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10
Trusted ports
Promiscuous and host

45. How does Root Guard work?

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46. What is a CEF glean?

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47. How should backbonefast be configured?
The switch adds its MAC to the option 82 field so that the DHCP reply echoes back the switch's own information
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers
On all switches in network to enable RLQ request and reply
Each network device handles packets individually with no advance reservations

48. What are the 5 steps a LAP uses to establish communication with a WLC?
1-LAP gets a DHCP address - 2-LAP learns IP of available WLC - 3-LAP sends a join request to WLC and receives join reply - 4-WLC sends code image - if necessary - 5-Tunnels are created
They must be carried over a voice VLAN (VVID) or over a regular data VLAN (ie. The native VLAN or the PVID)
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10

49. How are multiple VLANs mapped to multiple SSIDs?
All user ports that have portfast enabled
The total delay from start to finish
By using a trunk link
Both ends should be on because on modes doesn't send PAgP or LACP packets

50. How do you prevent VLAN hopping?
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy
Per VLAN
Set the native VLAN of a trunk to a bogus or unused VLAN ID then prune the native VLAN off both ends of the trunk
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings