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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How do you find duplex mismatches?
A MAC is seen on a different port
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.
If a unidirectional link is detected - the port continues normally - but the port is marked as undetermined and a syslog is generated

2. RSTP discarding state
Option 43
Can hear only BDPUs
Trusted or untrusted
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)

3. What are the RSTP port roles?
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
Hashing algorithm
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group

4. How is 802.1x configured for port security?
RADIUS
Controls where candidate root bridges can be connected and found on a network
Automatically using DTP and CDP
L2

5. How are errdisable triggers tuned?
Globally
Per-port or globally for all fiber-optic ports. Can be enabled globally - but will only affect fiber ports
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan
On by default

6. What is DSCP codepoint AF11(10)?
10-15%
Needs hardware upgrade over WEP - uses AES encryption
Priority (class 1)
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses

7. What is the default network diameter?
When a client roams between Aps in different subnets
7 switches from root bridge
Gets assistance from other NSF-aware neighbors. NSF features need to be built into the routing protocols on router needing and providing assistance
On root - because the root bridge propagates timers with config BDPU

8. If there are 2 ports with same root cost - how is the tie broken for designated port?
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated
Weak key rotation
By using a trunk link
1-lowest root bridge ID - 2-lowest root path cost - 3-lowest bridgeID - 4-lowest port ID

9. How is RSTP synchronization accomplished?
The point at which a switch decides to trust incoming Qos. Usually at boundary with ISP
Show standby
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root

10. How does HSRP do MD5 authentication?
The frame tag contains a 3 but portion tagged from 0 (low) to 7 (high)
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric
By using a hash of a key string
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over specified VLAN - voice QOS is 802.1p

11. What are the VRRP group and priority numbers?
Controls where candidate root bridges can be connected and found on a network
Interim solution - uses same hardware as WEP - but uses TKIP encryption
Group (0-255) - priority (1-254 254 is highest - 100 default)
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent

12. How are BDPUs spread?
Plain text or md5
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
Stateful switchover - redundant sup is fully booted and init'd. Both start and run config are synched as is L2 information - and switchinterfaces.

13. What criteria are used to size a switch block?
Automatically by duplex mode in use. Full duplex are point ot point. Half duplex ports use traditional 802.1D convergence is used.
Admin down
Dynamic arp inspection
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains

14. What is the PVLAN promiscuous mode?
Connects to a router - firewall - or gateway. Can communicate with anything else connected to the primary or any secondary. Ignores pvlan config
Port with redundant - but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate
Dynamic WEP keys that change periodically
During the time that the FIB entry is in CEF glean waiting for ARP entries - subsequent packet to that host are dropped to keep input queues from filling

15. What is the switch block?
One that can be detected on a switch interface (ie. Up/down)
Hosts associated with a secondary VLAN can communicate with ports on the primary but not with another secondary VLAN
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.

16. How does packet forwarding work
Only on ports that have same static VLANs or trunking. It also modifies parameters of the channel if one of the ports is modified
The same as a standby group in HSRP
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw
Within a single MST region - an IST instances runs to work out a loop free topology between links where CST meets the region boundary and all switches in the region. It runs at the boundary.

17. What is a baby giant frame?
Any ports associated with an isolated vlan can reach the primary - but not any other secondary. Hosts withn an isolated vlan can't reach each other
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies
LACP port priority
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers

18. Whan is a 10GE WAN PHY?
Connects with SONET or SDH
Multicasts to 224.0.0.18 (VRRP)
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP
A host port goes up or down

19. 802.11a
By using a hash of a key string
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00

20. How much BW does a voip connection use?
12 kbps with headers and compression
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root
Priority (class 1)

21. What is the cost of a 10Gbps link?
No
2
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP
If the switch or the powered device doesn't suport power class discovery

22. How do you renable an err-disable port by default?
Incoming frames dropped - but MACs learned
Automatically using DTP and CDP
Cisco recommends only on the root bridge
Manually

23. What must be supported for port-based security to occur?
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network
No
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged

24. What is RPR?
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)

25. What is the adjacency table?
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry
Port with best root path cost
Automatically using DTP and CDP

26. What is DAI?
Sends a test tone on the transmit pair. If a device is detected - CDP is used to narrow down the power class.
Checks the source MAC in the header against the sender MAC in the ARP reply
Dynamic arp inspection
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions

27. What is dhcp snooping rate limiting?
1-LAP gets a DHCP address - 2-LAP learns IP of available WLC - 3-LAP sends a join request to WLC and receives join reply - 4-WLC sends code image - if necessary - 5-Tunnels are created
1-name the chain - 2-establish a key number - 3-create the key string - 4-apply the chain to the string
Limits the number if dhcp requests on a port
Trusted ports

28. What must you be sure of if AP cells overlap?

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29. How does a DAI enabled switch gather trusted ARP info?
A single broadcast domain
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries
Normal and aggressive

30. What are the two etherchannel negotiation protocols?
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)
2
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports
1-ID link path costs - 2-ID roodt bridge - 3-select root port (1/switch) - 4-select designated port (1/segment) - 5-ID blocking port

31. If a wireless station needs to transmit and no other device is transmitting - what happens?
The active router. All other routers are in backup state
Used when ACLs specify port ranges...used by TCAM
Untrusted
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack

32. What does the reload keyword do in HSRP?
The port will operate under 802.1D rules. If they are received on the same port - it will run 802.1D until the migration delay expires
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow
By sending a gratuitous ARP
Distribution layer

33. What are dynamic VLANs based on?
MAC of the end device
19
Option 43
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting

34. What is unique about HSRP group numbers?
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another
A TCN BDPU is sent out of the switch's root port. The switch will continue sending TCN's every hello interval until ack'd by upstream neighbor. The root bridge will send a Config BDPU to all switches
Half-duplex

35. What happens when the topology changes?

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36. When are RSTP bdpus sent?
Every hello interval regardless of whether BDPUs are received from root - allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology
Root
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port

37. In a converged fabric - which switch(es) send config BDPUs?
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number
Root
On the left as you face the connector
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz

38. If you want IP source guard to detect spoofed MAC addresses - what must you do?
The same as a standby group in HSRP
0000.5e00.01xx
Auto mode
Turn on port security

39. What are the 2 types of secondary VLAN?
Src-dst-ip
1- trunking mode - 2-trunk encapsulation - 3-native VLAN - 4-allowed VLAN
Flash (class 3)
Isolated and community

40. What is DCF?
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions
Weak key rotation
No
TCAM

41. How does ISL handle COS?
1 per segment
The frame tag contains a 3 but portion tagged from 0 (low) to 7 (high)
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance

42. How are VACLs applied
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)
Trunk
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings

43. What does the ip option do when checking ARP replies

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44. What is the STP listening state?
Can send and receive BDPUs
The DCF interframe space- the random backoff time before a wireless set can transmit
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions
The L3 forwarding engine can't forward the packet in hardware because there is no L2 next-hop address - so the packet is sent to the L3 engine to generate the ARP response

45. 802.11g
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS
0-255
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack
Compatible with 802.11b - up to 54Mbps in 12 data rates - 3 channels - 2.4Ghz

46. RSTP designated port
Control functions
A port can only forward or relay BDPUs - but can't receive them - disabled by default - enabled per-port - blocks port when superior BDPUs are received
Checks the sender's ip in all arp requests and checks the sender's IP against target IP in all replies
Port with best root path cost on segment

47. What does MSTP do?
Connects with SONET or SDH
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance
Src-dst-ip
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan

48. What are the PAgP negotiation modes
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)
Yes
1/2 and 3/6
Globally

49. Where is loop guard enabled?
By creating a static IP binding
Full duplex
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports

50. How does loop guard block ports?
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings
With the skinny protocol
Gets assistance from other NSF-aware neighbors. NSF features need to be built into the routing protocols on router needing and providing assistance
Only for the offending VLAN on the port