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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the 3 trunk switchport modes?
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy
By configuring every switch port to have an expected and controlled behavior
When a client roams between Aps in different subnets
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)

2. What is NSF?
By using a trunk link
The point at which a switch decides to trust incoming Qos. Usually at boundary with ISP
On by default
Nonstop forwarding is an interactive method focusing on rebuilding the RIB after SUP switchover

3. WPA2 encryption
Used to switch packets that can't be forwarded normallly due to an encapsulation failure - unresolved address - unsupported protocol - etc.
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker
Needs hardware upgrade over WEP - uses AES encryption
4

4. How do you find duplex mismatches?
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10
Half-duplex
Roughly 50%
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet

5. What is the format of the VRRP virtual MAC?
0000.5e00.01xx
224.0.0.2 (all routers)
Only when a nonedge port transitions to forwarding
Sends a test tone on the transmit pair. If a device is detected - CDP is used to narrow down the power class.

6. How does DSCP handle IP precedence?
Used to switch packets destined for the null interface
5 classes with 3 drop precedences
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table
Plain text or md5

7. RSTP backup port
The frame tag contains a 3 but portion tagged from 0 (low) to 7 (high)
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged
Port with redundant - but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate

8. FE connectors use...
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
The campus network's backbone
1 to 64
Bridge priority and MAC

9. What are the 3 RSTP port types?
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.
Edge - root - and point to point
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP
Forces the router to wait for a period of time before attempting overthrow

10. How much overlap should WAPs have?
Root
10-15%
VTP server for domain null with no password or secure mode
The point at which a switch decides to trust incoming Qos. Usually at boundary with ISP

11. What is the traditional MLS view of switching?
Route once - switch many
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced
No
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN

12. What is a vlan?
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10
No
A single broadcast domain
2 - one for control messages and one for data

13. Does GLBP allow preemption?
1/2 and 3/6
Because each frame is checked
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
Yes

14. What is DSCP codepoint AF31(26)?
Use the spanning-tree root macro
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table
Flash (class 3)
Configure and enable DHCP snooping

15. What is the PVLAN host mode?
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan
802.1w
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary

16. What is the portr ID?
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet

17. What is DSCP codepoint AF21(18)?
Immediate (class 2)
Plain text or md5
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table
If the switch or the powered device doesn't suport power class discovery

18. How are GLBP timers used?
1- inferior BDPU on blocked-considered alternative - 2-inferior on root-all blocked ports considered alternate - 3-if inferior arrives on root and no blocked ports - assumes loss of connectivity to root
Checks the destination MAC in the header against the target MAC in the ARP reply
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec

19. How can you tell if a switch block is too large?
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers
Flash override (class 4)
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block
Switches make an effort to move packets as quickly as possible

20. What are the port channel load balancing methods?
Src-ip - dst-ip - src-dst-ip - src-mac - dst-mac - src-dst-mac - src-port - dst-port - src-dst-port
Forces the router to wait for a period of time before attempting overthrow
Interim solution - uses same hardware as WEP - but uses TKIP encryption
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet

21. How does ILP do power discovery?
With portfast
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.
Sends a test tone on the transmit pair. If a device is detected - CDP is used to narrow down the power class.
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials

22. What data does DHCP snooping track?
Between any type of interface as long as the interface can have an L3 address assigned
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)
Access
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.

23. How is the IPT 802.1 trunk negotiated?
Checks the source MAC in the header against the sender MAC in the ARP reply
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN
Almost eliminates listening and learning states for single hosts on an access link
Automatically using DTP and CDP

24. By default - what layer do catalyst switchports operate on?
L2
The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up
Using digital certificates

25. What is a baby giant frame?
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan
802.1w

26. What is a PVLAN?
A private VLAN can be logically associated with a special secondary vlan
If a unidirectional link is detected - the switch doesn't try to reestablish the link. ULD msgs are sent once/sec for 8 seconds - then the port is err-disabled
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic
By short-circuiting the max age timer

27. What is integrated services model QOS?
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.
Any dhcp reply coming from an untrusted port is discarded and the offending port is put in errdisable
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.

28. Does VTP pass private VLAN configuration?
No
Configure and enable DHCP snooping
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID
A port can only forward or relay BDPUs - but can't receive them - disabled by default - enabled per-port - blocks port when superior BDPUs are received

29. What does MSTP do?
The ASIC
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow
To the virtual port-channel interface

30. Where is loop guard enabled?
1-ID link path costs - 2-ID roodt bridge - 3-select root port (1/switch) - 4-select designated port (1/segment) - 5-ID blocking port
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS

31. How does HSRP gateway addressing work
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better
Each physical interface has a different IP address. All physical interfaces point to a virtual interface called the standby address or VIP
It updates the L2 headers with the proper src and dst MAC - L3 TTL - L3 checksum - and L2 checksum information
Used to switch packets destined for the null interface

32. What is jitter?
Variation in delay
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets
Sets the switchport mode to access - enables portfast - and turns off channel grouping for the port

33. How do you enable CEF?
It is enabled by default on all CEF capable switches
Auto mode
Reboots and searches for a new WLC
1500B

34. How are multiple VLANs mapped to multiple SSIDs?
By using a trunk link
Per VLAN
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP

35. What is a CEF punt?

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36. What are the 4 steps to extend QoS trust?
Configuration and TCN
They must be carried over a voice VLAN (VVID) or over a regular data VLAN (ie. The native VLAN or the PVID)
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root

37. RSTP point to point port
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy
To the virtual port-channel interface

38. can root guard and bdpu guard be used together?
No
2 seconds
Gets assistance from other NSF-aware neighbors. NSF features need to be built into the routing protocols on router needing and providing assistance
By using a trunk link

39. What are the 2 choices for VLANs with IPT?
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network
No
They must be carried over a voice VLAN (VVID) or over a regular data VLAN (ie. The native VLAN or the PVID)

40. What are the 5 steps a LAP uses to establish communication with a WLC?
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced
They disguise the origin of an attack
Multicasts to 224.0.0.18 (VRRP)
1-LAP gets a DHCP address - 2-LAP learns IP of available WLC - 3-LAP sends a join request to WLC and receives join reply - 4-WLC sends code image - if necessary - 5-Tunnels are created

41. What is the port number range?
0-255
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk
Switches make an effort to move packets as quickly as possible
A host port goes up or down

42. What is DSCP codepoint AF11(10)?
Priority (class 1)
Almost eliminates listening and learning states for single hosts on an access link
A port can only forward or relay BDPUs - but can't receive them - disabled by default - enabled per-port - blocks port when superior BDPUs are received
They disguise the origin of an attack

43. What are the characteristics of the access layer?
Data and voice over native vlan no QOS and no 802.1p trunk
The DCF interframe space- the random backoff time before a wireless set can transmit
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet

44. How does Root Guard work?

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45. What's the easiest way to configure GLBP timers?
Every hello interval regardless of whether BDPUs are received from root - allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology
Root
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate
FE - GE - and aggregated FE/GE Etherchannels

46. What are the 6 HSRP states?
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies
10-15%
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active

47. How should the switch port to which an autonomous AP be configured?
Can send and receive BDPUs
Trunk
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number
No

48. What is GLBP weight?
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network
No
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface

49. What is the acceptible range of VLANS?
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions

50. What criteria are used to size a switch block?
By sending a gratuitous ARP
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)
Only a single host connects . If one BDPU is received - it is no longer an edge port