CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What cabling do GBICs use?
SC fiber or RJ-45
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary
Both ends should be on because on modes doesn't send PAgP or LACP packets


2. What is a discard adjacency?
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state
0-255
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action
The DCF interframe space- the random backoff time before a wireless set can transmit


3. What is the switch block?
Automatically negotiates a common trunk mode between switches
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches
Bridge priority and MAC
Route once - switch many


4. What scope is 802.1x enabled?
Sends a test tone on the transmit pair. If a device is detected - CDP is used to narrow down the power class.
Globally
FE - GE - and aggregated FE/GE Etherchannels
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds


5. If a wireless station needs to transmit and another device is transmitting - what happens?
1-enable AAA on switch - 2-define RADIUS servers - 3-define authentication method - 4-enable 802.1x on switch - 5-conf. 802.1x ports - 6-allow hosts
Turn on port security
Distribution layer
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting


6. How does L3 QOS classification happen?
If a unidirectional link is detected - the port continues normally - but the port is marked as undetermined and a syslog is generated
Used to switch packets that can't be forwarded normallly due to an encapsulation failure - unresolved address - unsupported protocol - etc.
The TOS field in the header is used. 2 methods 3 bits or 6 bits
802.1D


7. What is a bridge ID made up of?
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP
Bridge priority and MAC
Yes


8. Can ARP replies be checked
Change in trunk encap
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack
Yes


9. What are the 2 power over ethernet methods?
Control functions
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer
Cisco ILP and 802.3af
MST attributes must be manually entereed on each switch in the region. They don' t propagate like VTP.


10. What is the acceptible range of VLANS?
The redundant SUP is booted and sup and route engine is init'd. No L2 or L3 functions are started. Allows switchports to retain state
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
Automatically negotiates a common trunk mode between switches
Those that connect to other switches


11. If one end of an Etherchannel (either type) is set to on and the channel doesn't form - what should you check?

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12. What is RPR?
Should be used on access switches - can't be used on root - keeps enabled switch from becoming root by raising priority of switch and all ports - making them undesirable
Up to 4 can be used in a group. Called active virtual forwarders (AVF)
MST attributes must be manually entereed on each switch in the region. They don' t propagate like VTP.
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions


13. can root guard and loop guard be used together
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions
No
5 (0-4 with 4 being the highest)
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP


14. What is the cost of a 1Gbps link?
4
Local only
As a VLAN access map
Priority (class 1)


15. How should the switch port to which a LAP be configured?
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains
On all switches in network to enable RLQ request and reply
Access
Root - designated - blocking - alternate - forwarding (host)


16. What is a cell?

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17. What are the 2 choices for VLANs with IPT?
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.
Best effort delivery - integrated services model - and differentiated services model
They must be carried over a voice VLAN (VVID) or over a regular data VLAN (ie. The native VLAN or the PVID)
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions


18. What is a QoS trust boundary?
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)
It updates the L2 headers with the proper src and dst MAC - L3 TTL - L3 checksum - and L2 checksum information
The point at which a switch decides to trust incoming Qos. Usually at boundary with ISP
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.


19. What is 802.1x force-authorized?
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance
Bridge priority and MAC
The port is forced to always authorize any connected client with no authentication necessary (default)
5 classes with 3 drop precedences


20. What do you need to determine to use MSTP?
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance
300 sec by default
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.
Forces the router to wait for a period of time before attempting overthrow


21. How doed backbonefast work?
By short-circuiting the max age timer
Src-ip - dst-ip - src-dst-ip - src-mac - dst-mac - src-dst-mac - src-port - dst-port - src-dst-port
Prevents the dhcp binding DB from being checked.
By using a hash of a key string


22. What does uplinkfast do?
If a unidirectional link is detected - the switch doesn't try to reestablish the link. ULD msgs are sent once/sec for 8 seconds - then the port is err-disabled
Multicasts to 224.0.0.18 (VRRP)
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS
Enables switches at the end of the spanning tree branches to have a functioning root port while keeping 1 or more redundant potential ports in blocking mode. When the main fails - the other comes up.


23. the static port to vlan membership is handled in _____
Yes to both
The ASIC
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk
Per VLAN


24. What is the distribution layer best practice?
A key string of up to 8 characters is sent. Default is cisco.
It updates the L2 headers with the proper src and dst MAC - L3 TTL - L3 checksum - and L2 checksum information
The distribution layer should have only L3 links
0000.5e00.01xx


25. What is a topology change?
When a port moves into forwarding or from fowarding or learning to blocking.
The active router. All other routers are in backup state
It can't
Packets must be sent to the L3 engine for further processing


26. How is RSTP synchronization accomplished?
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root


27. How are BDPUs spread?
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
Sends a test tone on the transmit pair. If a device is detected - CDP is used to narrow down the power class.
Nonstop forwarding is an interactive method focusing on rebuilding the RIB after SUP switchover
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value


28. What functions does a WLC perform?
The total delay from start to finish
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability
Incoming frames dropped - but MACs learned
Control functions


29. What are the port channel load balancing methods?
Src-ip - dst-ip - src-dst-ip - src-mac - dst-mac - src-dst-mac - src-port - dst-port - src-dst-port
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block
Almost eliminates listening and learning states for single hosts on an access link
Bridge priority and MAC


30. What is a drop adjacency?

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31. What is arp throttling?
1 to 64
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD
During the time that the FIB entry is in CEF glean waiting for ARP entries - subsequent packet to that host are dropped to keep input queues from filling
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root


32. what do multilayer switches do?
By using a trunk link
Both layer 2 switching and IVR
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine


33. What does DTP do?
Automatically negotiates a common trunk mode between switches
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
Any dhcp reply coming from an untrusted port is discarded and the offending port is put in errdisable


34. What is SSO?

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35. What are the steps to configuring HSRP MD5 authentication?
Create 2 hsrp groups - each with the active router being different switches - then have clients point to each
2
1-name the chain - 2-establish a key number - 3-create the key string - 4-apply the chain to the string
Priority (class 1)


36. How do you configure DAI for statically configured IP addresses?
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports
Port is forced to never authorize any connected client
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports


37. What are the 5 steps a LAP uses to establish communication with a WLC?
Protects STP when a physical malfunction only allows traffic in 1 direction - even though the link shows as up (cisco proprietary)
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies
1-LAP gets a DHCP address - 2-LAP learns IP of available WLC - 3-LAP sends a join request to WLC and receives join reply - 4-WLC sends code image - if necessary - 5-Tunnels are created


38. What can the Etherchannel hash use?
Each frame transmits its expected duration time
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine


39. What is common spanning tree (CST)?
Single instance of STP for all VLANs. BDPUs are sent over trunks using the native VLAN with untagged frames. Dot1q based
1-LAP gets a DHCP address - 2-LAP learns IP of available WLC - 3-LAP sends a join request to WLC and receives join reply - 4-WLC sends code image - if necessary - 5-Tunnels are created
Via an 802.1Q trunk or a single VLAN access port
FE - GE - and aggregated FE/GE Etherchannels


40. How does an LAP bind with a WLC?
Critical...used most often for IPT
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.
Globally
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.


41. What happens during HSRP failover?
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured
L2
Half-duplex


42. How is root port decided upon?
Immediate (class 2)
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
Lowest cumulative cost to root


43. What is route caching?

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44. What 2 conditions does IP source guard check for?
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry
By creating a static IP binding
Weak key rotation
Full duplex


45. What are the steps to configure a PAgP port channel?
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
5 (0-4 with 4 being the highest)
1-(opt) configure load balancing - 2-select the interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-select the mode and submode
Yes


46. What does BDPU filtering do?
SC fiber or RJ-45
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports
Collision domain
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance


47. How do you configure a DHCP gateway?
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server
Roughly 2000
Interim solution - uses same hardware as WEP - but uses TKIP encryption
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies


48. What is a vlan?
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric
1 -2 -5.5 and 11 Mbps - Channels 1/6/11 - 2.4Ghz
That they aren't using the same frequencies.
A single broadcast domain


49. What does the switchport host macro do?
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP
Access
Promiscuous and host
Root - designated - blocking - alternate - forwarding (host)


50. What does the ip option do when checking ARP replies

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