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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is a vlan?
4
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies
5 classes with 3 drop precedences
A single broadcast domain

2. What data does DHCP snooping track?
Stateful switchover - redundant sup is fully booted and init'd. Both start and run config are synched as is L2 information - and switchinterfaces.
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.
2 - one for control messages and one for data
Roughly 50%

3. How does a DAI enabled switch gather trusted ARP info?
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.
Because each frame is checked
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries
Gets assistance from other NSF-aware neighbors. NSF features need to be built into the routing protocols on router needing and providing assistance

4. By default - what submode does PAgP operate in with the desirable and auto modes?
Every hello interval regardless of whether BDPUs are received from root - allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology
Silent
Will trunk if asked
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary

5. What does IP source guard do?
Makes use of the DHCP snooping database and static ip source binding entries. If enabled - switch will test addresses
One router is the active virtual gateway - has highest priority or IP in group - answers all ARP requests and gives MAC based on load balancing
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC
Usually QoS from VOIP but not PC dataa

6. On what scope is DAI enabled?
0-255
Per VLAN
Globally
Trunk

7. Each switch port is a _____ ______
Collision domain
1 to 64
Makes use of the DHCP snooping database and static ip source binding entries. If enabled - switch will test addresses
Usually QoS from VOIP but not PC dataa

8. How can you tell if a switch block is too large?
Via an 802.1Q trunk or a single VLAN access port
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block
Automatically by duplex mode in use. Full duplex are point ot point. Half duplex ports use traditional 802.1D convergence is used.
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)

9. What are LOU register pairs?
Used when ACLs specify port ranges...used by TCAM
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.
Local only
Forces the router to wait for a period of time before attempting overthrow

10. the static port to vlan membership is handled in _____
The ASIC
Manually
If a unidirectional link is detected - the switch doesn't try to reestablish the link. ULD msgs are sent once/sec for 8 seconds - then the port is err-disabled
5 (0-4 with 4 being the highest)

11. What are the RSTP port states?
Roughly 2000
Discarding - learning - forwarding
Normal and aggressive
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it

12. What does MSTP consist of?
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group
Only for the offending VLAN on the port
Full duplex
Regions and instances

13. How does an L2 switch do QOS?
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk
Both ends should be on because on modes doesn't send PAgP or LACP packets
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p
No shut

14. What are the restrictions for bundling into an Etherchannel?
The same as a standby group in HSRP
2 seconds
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings
A MAC is seen on a different port

15. What is an autonomous mode AP?
2 seconds
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz
On the left as you face the connector
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.

16. Which ports should you consider trusted for DAI?
The configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)
Sends a voltage across the receive pairs to detect a 25k ohm resistance
Those that connect to other switches

17. What does the epoch number indicate when looking at cef entries?
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated
Can send and receive BDPUs

18. What is errdisable pagp-flap?
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config
19
MAC of the end device

19. How does IPT behave when the voce VLAN is in the default none mode?
Data and voice over native vlan no QOS and no 802.1p trunk
Route once - switch many
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM

20. Where is loop guard enabled?
The configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay
5 (0-4 with 4 being the highest)
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports

21. What is the range of HSRP group numbers?
Half-duplex
0-255
Frames are forwarded
When a specific interface is tracked - HSRP reduces it's priority after a specified interval.

22. Where does layer switching occur?
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO
For hosts that doesn't understand routing - the DGW is configured to reply with its own mac
The DCF interframe space- the random backoff time before a wireless set can transmit
Between any type of interface as long as the interface can have an L3 address assigned

23. What are the 4 steps to extend QoS trust?
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw
Interim solution - uses same hardware as WEP - but uses TKIP encryption
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary

24. What are the PAgP negotiation modes
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)
Variation in delay
4
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.

25. What does port-security restrict do?
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets
Hosts associated with a secondary VLAN can communicate with ports on the primary but not with another secondary VLAN
Admin down

26. What does BDPU filtering do?
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports
Half because transmitting and receiving stations use the same frequency
A MAC is seen on a different port
Gets assistance from other NSF-aware neighbors. NSF features need to be built into the routing protocols on router needing and providing assistance

27. What are the 2 choices for VLANs with IPT?
4
Using digital certificates
They must be carried over a voice VLAN (VVID) or over a regular data VLAN (ie. The native VLAN or the PVID)
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer

28. Where should you change the network diameter value?
With the skinny protocol
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole
An AP's coverage area
Cisco recommends only on the root bridge

29. What are the two etherchannel negotiation protocols?
MAC of the end device
Data and voice over native vlan no QOS and no 802.1p trunk
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk

30. What is the DIFS?
0-255
The DCF interframe space- the random backoff time before a wireless set can transmit
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
The master router can share the VIP

31. What types of links can be trunked?
FE and GE
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
Any dhcp reply coming from an untrusted port is discarded and the offending port is put in errdisable
FE - GE - and aggregated FE/GE Etherchannels

32. How does DSCP handle IP precedence?
63 kbps
5 classes with 3 drop precedences
Critical...used most often for IPT
1-(opt) configure load balancing - 2-select the interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-select the mode and submode

33. What is the STP forwarding state?
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs
Limits the number if dhcp requests on a port
Root
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers

34. What is topology-basec caching?
A port can only forward or relay BDPUs - but can't receive them - disabled by default - enabled per-port - blocks port when superior BDPUs are received
It is enabled by default on all CEF capable switches
They should be an unconditional Etherchannel because the WLC can't negotiate a channel.
The topology is pre-populated by downloading the topology DB into the FIB and dynamically updated. Called Cisco Express Forwarding

35. How is Root Guard used?
Collision domain
1- trunking mode - 2-trunk encapsulation - 3-native VLAN - 4-allowed VLAN
Untrusted
On ports where you never expect to find a root bridge for a VLAN

36. How does PAgP form etherchannels?
Only on ports that have same static VLANs or trunking. It also modifies parameters of the channel if one of the ports is modified
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds

37. What is a proxy arp?

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38. What is the standard for WLANs?
Multicasts to 224.0.0.18 (VRRP)
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions
802.11
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy

39. How are multiple VLANs mapped to multiple SSIDs?
Globally or per-port
By using a trunk link
Discarding - learning - forwarding
The distribution layer should have only L3 links

40. RSTP point to point port
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
134 bits
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port

41. What address does HSRP send hello packets to?
Used when ACLs specify port ranges...used by TCAM
224.0.0.2 (all routers)
With the skinny protocol
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table

42. What is the GLBP group and priority range
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)

43. can root guard and loop guard be used together
63 kbps
Src-ip - dst-ip - src-dst-ip - src-mac - dst-mac - src-dst-mac - src-port - dst-port - src-dst-port
No
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker

44. How do you prevent switch spoofing?
By configuring every switch port to have an expected and controlled behavior
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table
Access or trunk
By creating a static IP binding

45. CAM table entries are purged when....
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1
Edge - root - and point to point
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry
A MAC is seen on a different port

46. where does L2 switching occur?
They disguise the origin of an attack
Between interfaces that are assigned to L2 VLANs or L2 trunks
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1
The DCF interframe space- the random backoff time before a wireless set can transmit

47. What is an MST instance?
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface
Only when a nonedge port transitions to forwarding
The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance
Access or trunk

48. WPA encryption
Interim solution - uses same hardware as WEP - but uses TKIP encryption
Control functions
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up

49. What is DSCP?
Differentiated services code point
On ports where you never expect to find a root bridge for a VLAN
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge

50. How do you configure DAI for statically configured IP addresses?
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric
Only when a nonedge port transitions to forwarding
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings
Tracks of BDPUs on nondesignated ports. When those BDPUs stop coming - the port is put into loop-inconsistent state and blocks