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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What does the minimum keyword do in HSRP?
Use the spanning-tree root macro
Flash (class 3)
Forces the router to wait for a period of time before attempting overthrow
Those that connect to other switches

2. if the switchport is part of an etherchannel - Where is the network assigned
To the virtual port-channel interface
Per VLAN
Show standby
Up to 4 can be used in a group. Called active virtual forwarders (AVF)

3. What is the GLBP redirect timer?
Embeds the tag within the frame
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.
The switch adds its MAC to the option 82 field so that the DHCP reply echoes back the switch's own information
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies

4. What is jitter?
Variation in delay
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
They must be carried over a voice VLAN (VVID) or over a regular data VLAN (ie. The native VLAN or the PVID)
Lowest cumulative cost to root

5. What is the IEEE standard for STP?
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action
4
802.1D
1-LAP gets a DHCP address - 2-LAP learns IP of available WLC - 3-LAP sends a join request to WLC and receives join reply - 4-WLC sends code image - if necessary - 5-Tunnels are created

6. Which fiber is the receive?
1 -2 -5.5 and 11 Mbps - Channels 1/6/11 - 2.4Ghz
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet
On the left as you face the connector
FE and GE

7. What are 2 ways to configure VLAN and VTP information?
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy
Trunk
Any dhcp reply coming from an untrusted port is discarded and the offending port is put in errdisable
Used to switch packets that can't be forwarded normallly due to an encapsulation failure - unresolved address - unsupported protocol - etc.

8. What are the RSTP port roles?
Create 2 hsrp groups - each with the active router being different switches - then have clients point to each
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active
Each network device handles packets individually with no advance reservations

9. What does Loop Guard do?
Tracks of BDPUs on nondesignated ports. When those BDPUs stop coming - the port is put into loop-inconsistent state and blocks
0000.5e00.01xx
1-LAP gets a DHCP address - 2-LAP learns IP of available WLC - 3-LAP sends a join request to WLC and receives join reply - 4-WLC sends code image - if necessary - 5-Tunnels are created
1-ID link path costs - 2-ID roodt bridge - 3-select root port (1/switch) - 4-select designated port (1/segment) - 5-ID blocking port

10. How long are TCAM masks?
134 bits
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group

11. How does every GLBP command begin
Isolated and community
Via an 802.1Q trunk or a single VLAN access port
0-255
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number

12. What can cause a wireless client to switch between Aps?
Only for trusted Cisco gear - especially phones
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal
Prevents the dhcp binding DB from being checked.
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1

13. static vlans offer ____ based membership
Limits the number if dhcp requests on a port
Port
Tracks of BDPUs on nondesignated ports. When those BDPUs stop coming - the port is put into loop-inconsistent state and blocks
Value - mask - and result (VMR) combinations

14. What are dynamic VLANs based on?
MAC of the end device
MAC addresses are learned from the source MAC of incoming frames. If the destination address is unknown - the frame is flooded out all except the receiving port.
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port
A MAC is seen on a different port

15. What is an IBSS?
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state
Each network device handles packets individually with no advance reservations
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP

16. How does ISL handle COS?
The frame tag contains a 3 but portion tagged from 0 (low) to 7 (high)
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over specified VLAN - voice QOS is 802.1p
Via an 802.1Q trunk or a single VLAN access port
Globally

17. What is the VRRP master router?
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table
The active router. All other routers are in backup state

18. What are the 3 redundant supervisor modes?
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table
16 - IST gets MSTI 0 - 1-15 are available for use. MSTIs are locally significant to the MST region
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO

19. What is DSCP codepoint EF(46)?
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)
Critical...used most often for IPT
Via an 802.1Q trunk or a single VLAN access port

20. What is RPR?
Automatically negotiates a common trunk mode between switches
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions
0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is six 0 bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group numberr. Yyyy is the virtual forwarder number
Yes

21. What is the access layer best practice?
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.
Yes to both

22. How is 802.1x configured for port security?
The master router can share the VIP
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
Globally or per-port
RADIUS

23. What happens during HSRP failover?
1 to 64
Show standby
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured
Gets assistance from other NSF-aware neighbors. NSF features need to be built into the routing protocols on router needing and providing assistance

24. RSTP designated port
Port with best root path cost on segment
L2
Either desirable or auto mode
Each frame transmits its expected duration time

25. can root guard and loop guard be used together
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated
Globally
No
By configuring every switch port to have an expected and controlled behavior

26. How do you disable DTP when you configure both ends of the ISL manually?
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up
They should be an unconditional Etherchannel because the WLC can't negotiate a channel.
1- inferior BDPU on blocked-considered alternative - 2-inferior on root-all blocked ports considered alternate - 3-if inferior arrives on root and no blocked ports - assumes loss of connectivity to root
Switchpotrt nonegotiate

27. What are the 3 ways GLBP load-balances?
L2
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
Interim solution - uses same hardware as WEP - but uses TKIP encryption
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary

28. How does a DHCP server send WLC addresses?
Option 43
Untrusted
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block
With the skinny protocol

29. If the WLC connects to an Etherchannel - how should the channel be configured and why?

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30. What is the STP learning state?
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses
Yes
Per VLAN
Very high L3 throughput - no access lists or port filtering - redundancy and resilience - advanced QoS

31. What does the skinny protocol do?
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM
802.1w

32. What is the LACP priority range?
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability
VTP server for domain null with no password or secure mode
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.

33. How does L3 QOS classification happen?
Gets assistance from other NSF-aware neighbors. NSF features need to be built into the routing protocols on router needing and providing assistance
Half-duplex
Yes
The TOS field in the header is used. 2 methods 3 bits or 6 bits

34. What is the 80/20 rule?
The switch adds its MAC to the option 82 field so that the DHCP reply echoes back the switch's own information
MST attributes must be manually entereed on each switch in the region. They don' t propagate like VTP.
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN
For hosts that doesn't understand routing - the DGW is configured to reply with its own mac

35. What criteria are used to size a switch block?
300 sec by default
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP
134 bits

36. What are the 2 choices for VLANs with IPT?
They must be carried over a voice VLAN (VVID) or over a regular data VLAN (ie. The native VLAN or the PVID)
A single broadcast domain
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk

37. What are the characteristics of the core layer
Only on ports that have same static VLANs or trunking. It also modifies parameters of the channel if one of the ports is modified
Very high L3 throughput - no access lists or port filtering - redundancy and resilience - advanced QoS
Use the spanning-tree root macro
Via an 802.1Q trunk or a single VLAN access port

38. What is DSCP codepoint AF11(10)?
FE and GE
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)
Priority (class 1)
Sends a test tone on the transmit pair. If a device is detected - CDP is used to narrow down the power class.

39. What feedback mechanism does wireless use?
Gets assistance from other NSF-aware neighbors. NSF features need to be built into the routing protocols on router needing and providing assistance
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO
During the time that the FIB entry is in CEF glean waiting for ARP entries - subsequent packet to that host are dropped to keep input queues from filling
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack

40. When a host is connected to a switchport - why aren't frame errors propagated?
19
Because each frame is checked
Some unused bits are used to allow a port to identify its role and state. Also the BDPUs state that they are V2 BDPUs
Access

41. How often are HSRP hellos sent?
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS
Auto mode
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries

42. RSTP discarding state
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions
A host port goes up or down
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk

43. What is RPR+?

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44. EAP encryption
Dynamic WEP keys that change periodically
The ASIC
2 seconds (def)
MST attributes must be manually entereed on each switch in the region. They don' t propagate like VTP.

45. How does Root Guard work?

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46. How often are CAM table entries aged?
FE - GE - and aggregated FE/GE Etherchannels
Only for the offending VLAN on the port
300 sec
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials

47. What are the PAgP negotiation modes
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.
Port with best root path cost on segment

48. What does the standby HSRP router do?
1- inferior BDPU on blocked-considered alternative - 2-inferior on root-all blocked ports considered alternate - 3-if inferior arrives on root and no blocked ports - assumes loss of connectivity to root
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router
Plain text or md5

49. What cabling do GBICs use?
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance
The point at which a switch decides to trust incoming Qos. Usually at boundary with ISP
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)
SC fiber or RJ-45

50. How can you load-balance with HSRP?
Create 2 hsrp groups - each with the active router being different switches - then have clients point to each
A private VLAN can be logically associated with a special secondary vlan
Port is forced to never authorize any connected client
Because each frame is checked