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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the DIFS?
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions
The DCF interframe space- the random backoff time before a wireless set can transmit
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state

2. WEP encryption
1 per segment
Port with best root path cost
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action
Weak key rotation

3. What is the size of ISL encapsulation?
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number
On the left as you face the connector
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO

4. Whan is a 10GE WAN PHY?
The master router can share the VIP
Connects with SONET or SDH
2 seconds
A point to point port type but the neighboring device runs traditional 802.1D STP

5. What is the FM?
Trusted or untrusted
The port uses 802.1x exchange to move from unauthorized to authorized. Requires app on client
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table
Globally

6. What are the 3 trunk encap modes?
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
Stateful switchover - redundant sup is fully booted and init'd. Both start and run config are synched as is L2 information - and switchinterfaces.
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)

7. What are the 3 redundant supervisor modes?
Hashing algorithm
Half-duplex
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO
Any dhcp reply coming from an untrusted port is discarded and the offending port is put in errdisable

8. what should you do if you expect a PAgP capable switch at the other end vs. a server or host?
Configure non-silent submode
Embeds the tag within the frame
Any dhcp reply coming from an untrusted port is discarded and the offending port is put in errdisable
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q

9. What is the format of the VRRP virtual MAC?
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)
0000.5e00.01xx
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance
Local only

10. What happens during HSRP failover?
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured
Nonstop forwarding is an interactive method focusing on rebuilding the RIB after SUP switchover
Can send and receive BDPUs
7 switches from root bridge

11. What does MSTP consist of?
Root
Regions and instances
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
12 kbps with headers and compression

12. What are the 3 trunk switchport modes?
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)
Hold time is 3xhello. A skew time of 256ms-routerpriority)/256ms is added
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface
Manually

13. What is BDPU Guard?
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains
One that can be detected on a switch interface (ie. Up/down)
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state
Port with best root path cost on segment

14. can root guard and bdpu guard be used together?
No
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced
Discarding - learning - forwarding
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions

15. What is the cost of a 1Gbps link?
1-name the chain - 2-establish a key number - 3-create the key string - 4-apply the chain to the string
4
Port stays up - packets from violating MACs dropped - no logging
Discarding - learning - forwarding

16. What ILP mode are all ports in by default?
Auto mode
Multicasts to 224.0.0.18 (VRRP)
Using a mobility exchange message
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine

17. RSTP root port
Disabled - blocking - listening - learning - forwarding
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state
Port with best root path cost
If a unidirectional link is detected - the port continues normally - but the port is marked as undetermined and a syslog is generated

18. How many 802.3af power classes are there?
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies
Incoming frames dropped - but MACs learned
5 (0-4 with 4 being the highest)
With the skinny protocol

19. How do you configure a DHCP gateway?
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server
Change in trunk encap

20. What is best effort delivery QOS?
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk
Switches make an effort to move packets as quickly as possible
Yes
Tracks of BDPUs on nondesignated ports. When those BDPUs stop coming - the port is put into loop-inconsistent state and blocks

21. How do you configure IP source guard for hosts that don't use DHCP?
Flash (class 3)
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate
By creating a static IP binding

22. What scope is 802.1x enabled?
Globally
Use the spanning-tree root macro
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state
By sending a gratuitous ARP

23. What are the 3 ways GLBP load-balances?
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches
Automatically using DTP and CDP
1 IP subnet
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent

24. What is the PVLAN host mode?
0-255 (lower is better)
Change in trunk encap
If a unidirectional link is detected - the port continues normally - but the port is marked as undetermined and a syslog is generated
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan

25. What pins does FE use?
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge
One that can be detected on a switch interface (ie. Up/down)
1/2 and 3/6
The point at which a switch decides to trust incoming Qos. Usually at boundary with ISP

26. How do you implement MST?

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27. CAM table entries are purged when....
A MAC is seen on a different port
A key string of up to 8 characters is sent. Default is cisco.
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.
Between interfaces that are assigned to L2 VLANs or L2 trunks

28. What duplex setting does 802.11 use and why?
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
Half because transmitting and receiving stations use the same frequency
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.
The switch adds its MAC to the option 82 field so that the DHCP reply echoes back the switch's own information

29. How should the switch port to which an autonomous AP be configured?
Trunk
Every hello interval regardless of whether BDPUs are received from root - allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology
That they aren't using the same frequencies.
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.

30. If there are 2 ports with same root cost - how is the tie broken for designated port?
Trusted or untrusted
The total delay from start to finish
1-lowest root bridge ID - 2-lowest root path cost - 3-lowest bridgeID - 4-lowest port ID
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports

31. What method of QOS does voice traffic use most frequently?
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance
Differentiated services
By configuring every switch port to have an expected and controlled behavior

32. When DHCP snooping is turned on - by default - it considers all ports ______
The total delay from start to finish
1 -2 -5.5 and 11 Mbps - Channels 1/6/11 - 2.4Ghz
Untrusted
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table

33. What is the IEEE standard for STP?
A MAC is seen on a different port
On by default
802.1D
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions

34. What are the steps to configure a LACP port channel?
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.
Flash override (class 4)
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets
1-(opt) set system priority - 2-select interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-set the mode - 5-(opt) set the port priority

35. What is the default MTU?
1500B
Configuration and TCN
1/2 and 3/6
0-255

36. How does an L2 switch do QOS?
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.
The total delay from start to finish
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk

37. What is the GLBP group and priority range
Change in trunk encap
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)
Frames are forwarded
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)

38. Does VTP pass private VLAN configuration?
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP
Using digital certificates
Yes
No

39. What format does the GLBP MAC use?
0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is six 0 bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group numberr. Yyyy is the virtual forwarder number
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group
10-15%
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced

40. When a host is connected to a switchport - why aren't frame errors propagated?
Because each frame is checked
Within a single MST region - an IST instances runs to work out a loop free topology between links where CST meets the region boundary and all switches in the region. It runs at the boundary.
The TOS field in the header is used. 2 methods 3 bits or 6 bits
Sends a test tone on the transmit pair. If a device is detected - CDP is used to narrow down the power class.

41. What is UDLD aggressive mode?

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42. How does every HSRP config command begin?
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number
Flash override (class 4)
Configure and enable DHCP snooping
Needs hardware upgrade over WEP - uses AES encryption

43. What is GLBP weight?
2 - one for control messages and one for data
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds

44. How is RSTP synchronization accomplished?
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions
L2
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS

45. What is errdisable pagp-flap?
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
Enables switches at the end of the spanning tree branches to have a functioning root port while keeping 1 or more redundant potential ports in blocking mode. When the main fails - the other comes up.
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config
By short-circuiting the max age timer

46. What is the range of PAgP channel group numbers?
1 to 64
Aggregation - high L3 throughput - security and policy based connectivity functions through access lists and packet filters - QoS - scalable high-speed links
Regions and instances
The active router. All other routers are in backup state

47. What is 802.1x auto?
Some unused bits are used to allow a port to identify its role and state. Also the BDPUs state that they are V2 BDPUs
The port uses 802.1x exchange to move from unauthorized to authorized. Requires app on client
63 kbps
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)

48. What are the 4 steps in DHCP negotiation?
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary
As a VLAN access map
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM

49. How do you configure DAI for statically configured IP addresses?
MAC of the end device
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings
Configure non-silent submode
Used when ACLs specify port ranges...used by TCAM

50. How often are CAM table entries aged?
4
Controls where candidate root bridges can be connected and found on a network
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack
300 sec