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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is a punt adjacency?
1-LAP gets a DHCP address - 2-LAP learns IP of available WLC - 3-LAP sends a join request to WLC and receives join reply - 4-WLC sends code image - if necessary - 5-Tunnels are created
Yes to both
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal
Packets must be sent to the L3 engine for further processing

2. What is the IEEE standard for STP?
Checks the destination MAC in the header against the target MAC in the ARP reply
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz
802.1D
0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is six 0 bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group numberr. Yyyy is the virtual forwarder number

3. In a converged fabric - which switch(es) send config BDPUs?
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby
Root
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting

4. What are the 5 STP states?
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports
Between any type of interface as long as the interface can have an L3 address assigned
Show standby
Disabled - blocking - listening - learning - forwarding

5. What cabling do GBICs use?
2 - one for control messages and one for data
802.1D
Can hear only BDPUs
SC fiber or RJ-45

6. How much BW does a voip connection use?
Embeds the tag within the frame
Incoming frames dropped - but MACs learned
Port stays up - packets from violating MACs dropped - no logging
12 kbps with headers and compression

7. What are the RSTP port roles?
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
Each frame transmits its expected duration time
Can send and receive BDPUs
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings

8. What is a wall wart?
Differentiated services
A host port goes up or down
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.

9. Define VRRP
Configuration and TCN
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP
A MAC is seen on a different port
Edge - root - and point to point

10. How does RSTP converge?
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.
They should be an unconditional Etherchannel because the WLC can't negotiate a channel.
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves
Roughly 2000

11. How can you tell if a switch block is too large?
1-name the chain - 2-establish a key number - 3-create the key string - 4-apply the chain to the string
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.
The same as a standby group in HSRP

12. How does an LAP bind with a WLC?
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
A TCN BDPU is sent out of the switch's root port. The switch will continue sending TCN's every hello interval until ack'd by upstream neighbor. The root bridge will send a Config BDPU to all switches
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.

13. How often are BDPUs sent?
2 seconds (def)
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)
For hosts that doesn't understand routing - the DGW is configured to reply with its own mac
0-255

14. What is the default 802.3af power class and its use?

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15. How does VRRP do tracking?

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16. What is the GLBP AVG?
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance
The L3 forwarding engine can't forward the packet in hardware because there is no L2 next-hop address - so the packet is sent to the L3 engine to generate the ARP response
Configure non-silent submode
One router is the active virtual gateway - has highest priority or IP in group - answers all ARP requests and gives MAC based on load balancing

17. What are spoofed addresses?
Connects with SONET or SDH
They disguise the origin of an attack
Limits the number if dhcp requests on a port
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)

18. How should the switch port to which a WLC be configured?
Trunk
300 sec by default
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number
19

19. the static port to vlan membership is handled in _____
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP
The ASIC
Src-dst-ip
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains

20. What is SSO?

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21. What is the default 10mbps Enet duplex?
802.11
Half-duplex
Used to switch packets destined for the null interface
Frames are forwarded

22. How do IP phones communicate with each other?
Configure and enable DHCP snooping
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate
MAC addresses are learned from the source MAC of incoming frames. If the destination address is unknown - the frame is flooded out all except the receiving port.
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP

23. What are the steps to configuring HSRP MD5 authentication?
1-name the chain - 2-establish a key number - 3-create the key string - 4-apply the chain to the string
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
Connects to a router - firewall - or gateway. Can communicate with anything else connected to the primary or any secondary. Ignores pvlan config

24. What are the VRRP group and priority numbers?
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM
Group (0-255) - priority (1-254 254 is highest - 100 default)
Normal and aggressive

25. What happens when the topology changes?

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26. What are the 5 STP port roles?
Controls where candidate root bridges can be connected and found on a network
Root - designated - blocking - alternate - forwarding (host)
1-(opt) configure load balancing - 2-select the interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-select the mode and submode
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions

27. Does VTP pass private VLAN configuration?
300 sec by default
No
Hashing algorithm
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow

28. How does the VRRP master router handle the VIP?
Used to switch packets that can't be forwarded normallly due to an encapsulation failure - unresolved address - unsupported protocol - etc.
4
Src-ip - dst-ip - src-dst-ip - src-mac - dst-mac - src-dst-mac - src-port - dst-port - src-dst-port
The master router can share the VIP

29. What must be supported for port-based security to occur?
300 sec
224.0.0.2 (all routers)
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)

30. What data does DHCP snooping track?
1 to 64
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.
12 kbps with headers and compression

31. What are the 3 redundant supervisor modes?
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.
Yes to both

32. How does the standby handle ARP issues after it becomes active?
On all switches in network to enable RLQ request and reply
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset
By sending a gratuitous ARP
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number

33. What does Loop Guard do?
No
Tracks of BDPUs on nondesignated ports. When those BDPUs stop coming - the port is put into loop-inconsistent state and blocks
No because they only participate if asked
Weak key rotation

34. Where should STP timers be configured and why?
FE and GE
On the left as you face the connector
On root - because the root bridge propagates timers with config BDPU
Half-duplex

35. What is RPVST+?
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
Automatically negotiates a common trunk mode between switches
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric

36. What is RTP?
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack
Single instance of STP for all VLANs. BDPUs are sent over trunks using the native VLAN with untagged frames. Dot1q based
Real-time Transport Protocol
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)

37. What is a service set?
Admin down
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID
Value - mask - and result (VMR) combinations

38. What is a baby giant frame?
2
Differentiated services
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it

39. What is errdisable pagp-flap?
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config
Option 43
1- trunking mode - 2-trunk encapsulation - 3-native VLAN - 4-allowed VLAN
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies

40. What pins does FE use?
1/2 and 3/6
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port
Sends a voltage across the receive pairs to detect a 25k ohm resistance
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)

41. Where is loop guard enabled?
Variation in delay
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports
Flash override (class 4)

42. How is the HSRP MAC address configured?
The L3 forwarding engine can't forward the packet in hardware because there is no L2 next-hop address - so the packet is sent to the L3 engine to generate the ARP response
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value
The campus network's backbone
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config

43. What is a community secondary VLAN?
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan
Data and voice over native vlan no QOS and no 802.1p trunk
Any dhcp reply coming from an untrusted port is discarded and the offending port is put in errdisable

44. What is common spanning tree (CST)?
L2
Yes to both
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker
Single instance of STP for all VLANs. BDPUs are sent over trunks using the native VLAN with untagged frames. Dot1q based

45. can root guard and udld be used together?
Connects with SONET or SDH
Yes
Distribution layer
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active

46. What's the easiest way to configure GLBP timers?
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.
If the switch or the powered device doesn't suport power class discovery
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate

47. What can the Etherchannel hash use?
1- trunking mode - 2-trunk encapsulation - 3-native VLAN - 4-allowed VLAN
Best effort delivery - integrated services model - and differentiated services model
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports

48. How does a LAP and a WLC authenticate between each other?
The configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay
Using digital certificates
Usually QoS from VOIP but not PC dataa
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)

49. For QoS - switch uplinks should always be considered as ____ _____?
Between any type of interface as long as the interface can have an L3 address assigned
Causes switch to actively determine whether alternative paths exist to root bridge in case ther eis an indirect failure
Trusted ports
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds

50. How does a DAI enabled switch gather trusted ARP info?
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries
Makes use of the DHCP snooping database and static ip source binding entries. If enabled - switch will test addresses
0000.5e00.01xx
Single instance of STP for all VLANs. BDPUs are sent over trunks using the native VLAN with untagged frames. Dot1q based