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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How many tunnels exist between the LAP and WLC?
Option 43
2 - one for control messages and one for data
Will trunk if asked
Plain text or md5

2. What ILP mode are all ports in by default?
The topology is pre-populated by downloading the topology DB into the FIB and dynamically updated. Called Cisco Express Forwarding
Auto mode
Change in trunk encap
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.

3. At what layer does EAPOL run?
L2
With the skinny protocol
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge

4. How does HSRP gateway addressing work
Each physical interface has a different IP address. All physical interfaces point to a virtual interface called the standby address or VIP
Switched Virtual Interface - an L3 address can be assigned to a logical interface that represents an entire VLAN - which becomes the DGW for that VLAN
Option 43
Hosts associated with a secondary VLAN can communicate with ports on the primary but not with another secondary VLAN

5. What is DSCP codepoint EF(46)?
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP
Critical...used most often for IPT
802.1D
1-(opt) set system priority - 2-select interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-set the mode - 5-(opt) set the port priority

6. What is the PVLAN host mode?
MAC of the end device
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan
Gets assistance from other NSF-aware neighbors. NSF features need to be built into the routing protocols on router needing and providing assistance
With the skinny protocol

7. What does port-security protect do?
Port is forced to never authorize any connected client
Port stays up - packets from violating MACs dropped - no logging
Flash (class 3)
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged

8. How can you tell if a switch block is too large?
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table
They should be an unconditional Etherchannel because the WLC can't negotiate a channel.
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block

9. How does ILP do power discovery?
Only on ports that have same static VLANs or trunking. It also modifies parameters of the channel if one of the ports is modified
Sends a test tone on the transmit pair. If a device is detected - CDP is used to narrow down the power class.
They should be an unconditional Etherchannel because the WLC can't negotiate a channel.
Hosts associated with a secondary VLAN can communicate with ports on the primary but not with another secondary VLAN

10. How does GLBP work?
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)
Protects STP when a physical malfunction only allows traffic in 1 direction - even though the link shows as up (cisco proprietary)
A host port goes up or down
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance

11. When DHCP snooping is turned on - by default - it considers all ports ______
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers
Untrusted
134 bits - consisting of source and destination addresses and protocol information from the packet or frame
Promiscuous and host

12. What does the reload keyword do in HSRP?
Collision domain
Half because transmitting and receiving stations use the same frequency
One that can be detected on a switch interface (ie. Up/down)
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow

13. What is an indirect topology change?
1- enable MST - 2-enter MST config mode - 3-assign region name and region configuration rev - 4-map vlans to an MSTI - 5-show pending changes - 6- commit by exiting
1-ID link path costs - 2-ID roodt bridge - 3-select root port (1/switch) - 4-select designated port (1/segment) - 5-ID blocking port
Critical...used most often for IPT
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic

14. What is a CEF punt?

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15. what do multilayer switches do?
By using a hash of a key string
Show standby
Create 2 hsrp groups - each with the active router being different switches - then have clients point to each
Both layer 2 switching and IVR

16. How far chould a VLAN extend?
Can send and receive BDPUs
Src-dst-ip
Distribution layer
Almost eliminates listening and learning states for single hosts on an access link

17. How does an L2 switch do QOS?
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk
1-ID link path costs - 2-ID roodt bridge - 3-select root port (1/switch) - 4-select designated port (1/segment) - 5-ID blocking port
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)

18. When a host is connected to a switchport - why aren't frame errors propagated?
Because each frame is checked
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability
Frames are forwarded
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine

19. What is a PVLAN?
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer
When a client roams between Aps in different subnets
A private VLAN can be logically associated with a special secondary vlan

20. What is the cost of a 100Mbps link?
Reboots and searches for a new WLC
1 -2 -5.5 and 11 Mbps - Channels 1/6/11 - 2.4Ghz
Needs hardware upgrade over WEP - uses AES encryption
19

21. How does UDLD work?
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over specified VLAN - voice QOS is 802.1p
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)
Used to switch packets that can't be forwarded normallly due to an encapsulation failure - unresolved address - unsupported protocol - etc.
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD

22. What is the range of PAgP channel group numbers?
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active
1 to 64
The redundant SUP is booted and sup and route engine is init'd. No L2 or L3 functions are started. Allows switchports to retain state
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)

23. How does packet forwarding work
Yes
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw
Connects to a router - firewall - or gateway. Can communicate with anything else connected to the primary or any secondary. Ignores pvlan config
Either desirable or auto mode

24. What are the two etherchannel negotiation protocols?
63 kbps
Group (0-255) - priority (1-254 254 is highest - 100 default)
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)
Globally

25. What is the access layer best practice?
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
The port asks the other end to trunk
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.

26. 802.11b
Automatically negotiates a common trunk mode between switches
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds
Admin down
1 -2 -5.5 and 11 Mbps - Channels 1/6/11 - 2.4Ghz

27. what I s distributed CEF (dCEF)?
VTP server for domain null with no password or secure mode
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.
FIB
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric

28. What does uplinkfast do?
Enables switches at the end of the spanning tree branches to have a functioning root port while keeping 1 or more redundant potential ports in blocking mode. When the main fails - the other comes up.
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC
Causes switch to actively determine whether alternative paths exist to root bridge in case ther eis an indirect failure

29. What is a topology change?
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
Very high L3 throughput - no access lists or port filtering - redundancy and resilience - advanced QoS
When a port moves into forwarding or from fowarding or learning to blocking.
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.

30. Where are security and QoS ACLs stored?
Up to 4 can be used in a group. Called active virtual forwarders (AVF)
TCAM
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured

31. How many potential links can LACP define?
To the virtual port-channel interface
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby
1500B

32. How does IPT behave when the voce VLAN is in the default none mode?
Data and voice over native vlan no QOS and no 802.1p trunk
Used to switch packets destined for the null interface
Globally
1-(opt) set system priority - 2-select interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-set the mode - 5-(opt) set the port priority

33. CAM table entries are purged when....
A MAC is seen on a different port
2 seconds
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby

34. What are the steps to configure a LACP port channel?
Used to switch packets that can't be forwarded normallly due to an encapsulation failure - unresolved address - unsupported protocol - etc.
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.
1-(opt) set system priority - 2-select interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-set the mode - 5-(opt) set the port priority
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it

35. How long are TCAM masks?
Checks the sender's ip in all arp requests and checks the sender's IP against target IP in all replies
134 bits
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge

36. What is topology-basec caching?
Almost eliminates listening and learning states for single hosts on an access link
The topology is pre-populated by downloading the topology DB into the FIB and dynamically updated. Called Cisco Express Forwarding
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)
FE - GE - and aggregated FE/GE Etherchannels

37. How are errdisable triggers tuned?
The frame tag contains a 3 but portion tagged from 0 (low) to 7 (high)
Globally
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance
Using a mobility exchange message

38. RSTP point to point port
Distribution layer
Immediate (class 2)
A key string of up to 8 characters is sent. Default is cisco.
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port

39. On what scope is DAI enabled?
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
Per VLAN
For hosts that doesn't understand routing - the DGW is configured to reply with its own mac

40. What must you be sure of if AP cells overlap?

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41. What does BDPU filtering do?
Stateful switchover - redundant sup is fully booted and init'd. Both start and run config are synched as is L2 information - and switchinterfaces.
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack

42. How doed backbonefast work?
Normal and aggressive
The redundant SUP is booted and sup and route engine is init'd. No L2 or L3 functions are started. Allows switchports to retain state
By short-circuiting the max age timer
Each network device handles packets individually with no advance reservations

43. How much overlap should a wireless repeater have?
Roughly 50%
Either desirable or auto mode
Untrusted
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate

44. What are the steps to configure a PAgP port channel?
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured
1-(opt) configure load balancing - 2-select the interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-select the mode and submode

45. How many links can be used in an EtherChannel?
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up
VTP server for domain null with no password or secure mode
A MAC is seen on a different port
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.

46. When looking at the sh spanning tree output - What does P2P peer(STP) denote?
A point to point port type but the neighboring device runs traditional 802.1D STP
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM

47. Where is loop guard enabled?
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports
1 to 64
It is enabled by default on all CEF capable switches
Disabled - blocking - listening - learning - forwarding

48. What is Per VLAN STP (PVST)?
No shut
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
0-255
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q

49. What is the LACP priority range?
2
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability
Controls where candidate root bridges can be connected and found on a network
Used to switch packets destined for the null interface

50. What is UDLD aggressive mode?

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