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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the SDM?
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions
The topology is pre-populated by downloading the topology DB into the FIB and dynamically updated. Called Cisco Express Forwarding
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP

2. What happens when an ARP reply is received on an untrusted port?

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3. RSTP edge port
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP
Only a single host connects . If one BDPU is received - it is no longer an edge port
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)

4. How doed backbonefast work?
They disguise the origin of an attack
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
7 switches from root bridge
By short-circuiting the max age timer

5. What can cause a wireless client to switch between Aps?
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk
TCAM
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10

6. What must be in common for a BSS to form?
Limits the number if dhcp requests on a port
1- inferior BDPU on blocked-considered alternative - 2-inferior on root-all blocked ports considered alternate - 3-if inferior arrives on root and no blocked ports - assumes loss of connectivity to root
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets

7. Where does layer switching occur?
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1
Between any type of interface as long as the interface can have an L3 address assigned

8. What are the 4 steps to extend QoS trust?
The campus network's backbone
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port

9. What is DSCP?
Differentiated services code point
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings
The master router can share the VIP
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions

10. How do VRRP routers handle preemption?
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state
Edge - root - and point to point
Between interfaces that are assigned to L2 VLANs or L2 trunks
On by default

11. What is the STP forwarding state?
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.
2 seconds (def)
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs

12. How is Root Guard used?
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz
1 IP subnet
On ports where you never expect to find a root bridge for a VLAN

13. How is an instance defined?
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.

14. What is the adjacency table?
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry
Port with best root path cost on segment
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state

15. How many links can be used in an EtherChannel?
Option 43
They must be carried over a voice VLAN (VVID) or over a regular data VLAN (ie. The native VLAN or the PVID)
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another

16. What is DSCP codepoint AF11(10)?
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP
Globally
Priority (class 1)

17. What is the default 802.3af power class and its use?

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18. What functions does a LAP perform?
Real-time functions such as beacons and probes - encryption and interactions with the client at L2
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw
A MAC is seen on a different port
The campus network's backbone

19. What is a proxy arp?

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20. What address does HSRP send hello packets to?
Sets the switchport mode to access - enables portfast - and turns off channel grouping for the port
224.0.0.2 (all routers)
Promiscuous and host
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate

21. What is the STP learning state?
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
Both layer 2 switching and IVR
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config

22. How does HSRP gateway addressing work
Each physical interface has a different IP address. All physical interfaces point to a virtual interface called the standby address or VIP
The point at which a switch decides to trust incoming Qos. Usually at boundary with ISP
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk
Variation in delay

23. What is the default MTU?
134 bits - consisting of source and destination addresses and protocol information from the packet or frame
Globally
1500B
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack

24. How many virtual MACs can GLBP have?
Up to 4 can be used in a group. Called active virtual forwarders (AVF)
A port can only forward or relay BDPUs - but can't receive them - disabled by default - enabled per-port - blocks port when superior BDPUs are received
Create 2 hsrp groups - each with the active router being different switches - then have clients point to each
Globally

25. What is DSCP codepoint AF21(18)?
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack
When a port moves into forwarding or from fowarding or learning to blocking.
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains
Immediate (class 2)

26. Define VRRP
Per-port or globally for all fiber-optic ports. Can be enabled globally - but will only affect fiber ports
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP
Gets assistance from other NSF-aware neighbors. NSF features need to be built into the routing protocols on router needing and providing assistance
Admin down

27. What is backbonefast?
Globally or per-port
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.
Causes switch to actively determine whether alternative paths exist to root bridge in case ther eis an indirect failure
It updates the L2 headers with the proper src and dst MAC - L3 TTL - L3 checksum - and L2 checksum information

28. What can the Etherchannel hash use?
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers
Immediate (class 2)
Both layer 2 switching and IVR
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves

29. What happens during HSRP failover?
It updates the L2 headers with the proper src and dst MAC - L3 TTL - L3 checksum - and L2 checksum information
Root - designated - blocking - alternate - forwarding (host)
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured
Normal and aggressive

30. What does UDLD do?
MAC of the end device
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config
Protects STP when a physical malfunction only allows traffic in 1 direction - even though the link shows as up (cisco proprietary)
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port

31. What does the skinny protocol do?
Immediate (class 2)
0-255
TCAM
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM

32. What are the three basic types of QOS?
1 -2 -5.5 and 11 Mbps - Channels 1/6/11 - 2.4Ghz
A single broadcast domain
Best effort delivery - integrated services model - and differentiated services model
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack

33. WPA encryption
FE - GE - and aggregated FE/GE Etherchannels
Interim solution - uses same hardware as WEP - but uses TKIP encryption
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions
Configuration and TCN

34. What is dynamic auto?
Will trunk if asked
1-(opt) configure load balancing - 2-select the interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-select the mode and submode
Only on ports that have same static VLANs or trunking. It also modifies parameters of the channel if one of the ports is modified
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active

35. What is DSCP codepoint AF31(26)?
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal
Flash (class 3)
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack

36. What is an insignificant topology change?
A host port goes up or down
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz

37. What are the 5 STP states?
The distribution layer should have only L3 links
Disabled - blocking - listening - learning - forwarding
If the switch or the powered device doesn't suport power class discovery
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds

38. What is the size of ISL encapsulation?
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC
Switches make an effort to move packets as quickly as possible
RADIUS
1- enable MST - 2-enter MST config mode - 3-assign region name and region configuration rev - 4-map vlans to an MSTI - 5-show pending changes - 6- commit by exiting

39. What happens when switches receive a configuration BDPU?
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)
Access or trunk
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)

40. How do Cisco IP phones communicate with the CCM?
Will trunk if asked
The port will operate under 802.1D rules. If they are received on the same port - it will run 802.1D until the migration delay expires
With the skinny protocol
802.1D

41. How does an L2 switch do QOS?
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry
Turn on port security
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting

42. What are 2 ways to configure VLAN and VTP information?
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy
Value - mask - and result (VMR) combinations
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)

43. How are GLBP timers used?
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec
Each network device handles packets individually with no advance reservations
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.

44. Where should STP timers be configured and why?
Any ports associated with an isolated vlan can reach the primary - but not any other secondary. Hosts withn an isolated vlan can't reach each other
7 switches from root bridge
On root - because the root bridge propagates timers with config BDPU
1-enable AAA on switch - 2-define RADIUS servers - 3-define authentication method - 4-enable 802.1x on switch - 5-conf. 802.1x ports - 6-allow hosts

45. What ILP mode are all ports in by default?
A point to point port type but the neighboring device runs traditional 802.1D STP
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number
Distribution layer
Auto mode

46. How does Root Guard work?

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47. How do IP phones communicate with each other?
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP
An AP's coverage area
Configuration and TCN
A point to point port type

48. What are the 3 trunk switchport modes?
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)
0000.5e00.01xx
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)

49. Where are security and QoS ACLs stored?
No
To the virtual port-channel interface
TCAM
300 sec by default

50. What is the FM?
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker
Lowest cumulative cost to root
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table
TCAM