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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the default FE duplex?
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset
Full duplex
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
If the switch or the powered device doesn't suport power class discovery

2. What are the 2 types of secondary VLAN?
Isolated and community
Roughly 50%
The master router can share the VIP
Checks the source MAC in the header against the sender MAC in the ARP reply

3. How is an RSTP edge port configured
With portfast
It updates the L2 headers with the proper src and dst MAC - L3 TTL - L3 checksum - and L2 checksum information
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves

4. How is an instance defined?
300 sec
Globally
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine

5. what do multilayer switches do?
Reboots and searches for a new WLC
16 - IST gets MSTI 0 - 1-15 are available for use. MSTIs are locally significant to the MST region
Configure and enable DHCP snooping
Both layer 2 switching and IVR

6. Where is root guard enabled?

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7. What is the IEEE standard for STP?
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.
802.1D
Use the spanning-tree root macro
The point at which a switch decides to trust incoming Qos. Usually at boundary with ISP

8. When a host is connected to a switchport - why aren't frame errors propagated?
Via an 802.1Q trunk or a single VLAN access port
Dynamic WEP keys that change periodically
Because each frame is checked
Priority (class 1)

9. What is 802.1x auto?
The port uses 802.1x exchange to move from unauthorized to authorized. Requires app on client
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials
Src-ip - dst-ip - src-dst-ip - src-mac - dst-mac - src-dst-mac - src-port - dst-port - src-dst-port
Because each frame is checked

10. What is an MST instance?
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.
The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance
For hosts that doesn't understand routing - the DGW is configured to reply with its own mac
On ports where you never expect to find a root bridge for a VLAN

11. What is the size of ISL encapsulation?
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC
12 kbps with headers and compression
Configuration and TCN
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance

12. What does a LAP do if it loses communication with it's WLC?
For hosts that doesn't understand routing - the DGW is configured to reply with its own mac
Reboots and searches for a new WLC
VTP server for domain null with no password or secure mode
19

13. RSTP alternate port
Configure and enable DHCP snooping
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root
Compatible with 802.11b - up to 54Mbps in 12 data rates - 3 channels - 2.4Ghz
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)

14. 802.11a
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz
Some unused bits are used to allow a port to identify its role and state. Also the BDPUs state that they are V2 BDPUs

15. How is 802.1x configured for port security?
RADIUS
0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is six 0 bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group numberr. Yyyy is the virtual forwarder number
Access
The frame tag contains a 3 but portion tagged from 0 (low) to 7 (high)

16. What are dynamic VLANs based on?
FE and GE
Bridge priority and MAC
MAC of the end device
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.

17. What are the 6 steps to configure 802.1x for port security?
1-enable AAA on switch - 2-define RADIUS servers - 3-define authentication method - 4-enable 802.1x on switch - 5-conf. 802.1x ports - 6-allow hosts
Auto mode
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.

18. What is an autonomous mode AP?
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
19
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.
Cisco ILP and 802.3af

19. Does a WLC and a LAP need to be on the same subnet?
Reboots and searches for a new WLC
Access or trunk
No
Can hear only BDPUs

20. Can two switches in the auto(PAgP) or passive (LACP) mode create a channel? Why?
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
No because they only participate if asked
Via an 802.1Q trunk or a single VLAN access port
0000.5e00.01xx

21. How does a DHCP server send WLC addresses?
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.
Option 43
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby

22. How does ISL do trunking?
Globally or per-port
1 IP subnet
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions

23. How is the IPT 802.1 trunk negotiated?
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
Automatically using DTP and CDP
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number

24. How are errdisable triggers tuned?
802.11
Globally
Port with best root path cost
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting

25. For QoS - switch uplinks should always be considered as ____ _____?
1/2 and 3/6
Trusted ports
Dynamic arp inspection
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy

26. If a wireless station needs to transmit and another device is transmitting - what happens?
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
1-(opt) set system priority - 2-select interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-set the mode - 5-(opt) set the port priority

27. What is backbonefast?
The frame tag contains a 3 but portion tagged from 0 (low) to 7 (high)
Regions and instances
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet
Causes switch to actively determine whether alternative paths exist to root bridge in case ther eis an indirect failure

28. How should the switch port to which an autonomous AP be configured?
Trunk
The port is forced to always authorize any connected client with no authentication necessary (default)
Hold time is 3xhello. A skew time of 256ms-routerpriority)/256ms is added
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves

29. Whan is a 10GE WAN PHY?
Distribution layer
Connects with SONET or SDH
Differentiated services
Real-time functions such as beacons and probes - encryption and interactions with the client at L2

30. What is a service set?
Dynamic WEP keys that change periodically
Sends a voltage across the receive pairs to detect a 25k ohm resistance
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID
Flash (class 3)

31. What is 802.1x force-authorized?
The port is forced to always authorize any connected client with no authentication necessary (default)
Variation in delay
A host port goes up or down
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured

32. RSTP edge port
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole
Trunk
Only a single host connects . If one BDPU is received - it is no longer an edge port
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker

33. What are the 5 steps a LAP uses to establish communication with a WLC?
No shut
1-LAP gets a DHCP address - 2-LAP learns IP of available WLC - 3-LAP sends a join request to WLC and receives join reply - 4-WLC sends code image - if necessary - 5-Tunnels are created
Aggregation - high L3 throughput - security and policy based connectivity functions through access lists and packet filters - QoS - scalable high-speed links
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole

34. What is the default VTP state?
VTP server for domain null with no password or secure mode
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server
The switch adds its MAC to the option 82 field so that the DHCP reply echoes back the switch's own information
Edge - root - and point to point

35. What is route caching?

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36. How many potential links can LACP define?
When a port moves into forwarding or from fowarding or learning to blocking.
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby
The port is forced to always authorize any connected client with no authentication necessary (default)
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface

37. What is jitter?
Variation in delay
300 sec by default
No
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number

38. What is Per VLAN STP (PVST)?
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q
Automatically by duplex mode in use. Full duplex are point ot point. Half duplex ports use traditional 802.1D convergence is used.
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP

39. What happens when the topology changes?

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40. What are the restrictions for bundling into an Etherchannel?
0-255 (lower is better)
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings
Cisco ILP and 802.3af
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config

41. What is the PVLAN promiscuous mode?
Embeds the tag within the frame
The RP listens to a flow's 1st packet for the dest. The SE listens to the packet and dest and puts a shortcut in the MSL cache. Netflow switching - route once - switch many
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)
Connects to a router - firewall - or gateway. Can communicate with anything else connected to the primary or any secondary. Ignores pvlan config

42. How are frames forwarded across a specific link?
Hashing algorithm
802.1w
The frame tag contains a 3 but portion tagged from 0 (low) to 7 (high)
Port

43. Each switch port is a _____ ______
Only for trusted Cisco gear - especially phones
Dynamic WEP keys that change periodically
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server
Collision domain

44. What is a community secondary VLAN?
The topology is pre-populated by downloading the topology DB into the FIB and dynamically updated. Called Cisco Express Forwarding
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan

45. How does 802.3af do power discovery?
No because they only participate if asked
Sends a voltage across the receive pairs to detect a 25k ohm resistance
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table
Per-port or globally for all fiber-optic ports. Can be enabled globally - but will only affect fiber ports

46. What happens during HSRP failover?
With portfast
SC fiber or RJ-45
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO

47. How doed backbonefast work?
224.0.0.2 (all routers)
The TOS field in the header is used. 2 methods 3 bits or 6 bits
By short-circuiting the max age timer
When a client roams between Aps in different subnets

48. Does GLBP allow preemption?
Yes
By using a trunk link
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves

49. What is an end to end vlan?
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)
2 - one for control messages and one for data
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric
19

50. What is unique about HSRP group numbers?
No shut
Packets must be sent to the L3 engine for further processing
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface