CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the DIFS?
The DCF interframe space- the random backoff time before a wireless set can transmit
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table
Change in trunk encap
802.1D


2. How does IPT behave when the voice VLAN is in dot1p mode?
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p
One router is the active virtual gateway - has highest priority or IP in group - answers all ARP requests and gives MAC based on load balancing
1 to 64
Distribution layer


3. How does the CEF L3 engine operate?

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4. Where shoul dmultilayer switches be implemented?
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains
Distribution layer
Collision domain
FE and GE


5. What are the 6 HSRP states?
Each network device handles packets individually with no advance reservations
Differentiated services
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active


6. What is RPVST+?
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet
Incoming frames dropped - but MACs learned


7. What types of link can an etherchannel be?
Option 43
VTP server for domain null with no password or secure mode
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.
Access or trunk


8. What is a root link query (RLQ)?
A point to point port type
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge
Allows devices to interoperate with PVST and CST. Can use both dot1q and ISL
No


9. What is latency?
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
Configure and enable DHCP snooping
The total delay from start to finish
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.


10. If one end of an Etherchannel (either type) is set to on and the channel doesn't form - what should you check?

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11. Each switch port is a _____ ______
Each physical interface has a different IP address. All physical interfaces point to a virtual interface called the standby address or VIP
Collision domain
Any ports associated with an isolated vlan can reach the primary - but not any other secondary. Hosts withn an isolated vlan can't reach each other
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over specified VLAN - voice QOS is 802.1p


12. What are the RSTP port states?
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router
Yes to both
Discarding - learning - forwarding
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.


13. What happens when switches receive a configuration BDPU?
Roughly 2000
Globally
Each physical interface has a different IP address. All physical interfaces point to a virtual interface called the standby address or VIP
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)


14. How do you disable DTP when you configure both ends of the ISL manually?
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
Variation in delay
Each physical interface has a different IP address. All physical interfaces point to a virtual interface called the standby address or VIP


15. How do you enable CEF?
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number
It is enabled by default on all CEF capable switches


16. If the WLC connects to an Etherchannel - how should the channel be configured and why?

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17. How are frames forwarded across a specific link?
The active router. All other routers are in backup state
To the virtual port-channel interface
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports
Hashing algorithm


18. What is a proxy arp?

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19. What is an insignificant topology change?
Using a mobility exchange message
Per-port or globally for all fiber-optic ports. Can be enabled globally - but will only affect fiber ports
Set the native VLAN of a trunk to a bogus or unused VLAN ID then prune the native VLAN off both ends of the trunk
A host port goes up or down


20. What are the 4 steps to extend QoS trust?
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
1-LAP gets a DHCP address - 2-LAP learns IP of available WLC - 3-LAP sends a join request to WLC and receives join reply - 4-WLC sends code image - if necessary - 5-Tunnels are created


21. How does 802.3af do power discovery?
All user ports that have portfast enabled
Sends a voltage across the receive pairs to detect a 25k ohm resistance
They must be carried over a voice VLAN (VVID) or over a regular data VLAN (ie. The native VLAN or the PVID)
802.11


22. What are the 3 ways GLBP load-balances?
The active router. All other routers are in backup state
Configure and enable DHCP snooping
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
It can't


23. What cabling do GBICs use?
Isolated and community
2 - one for control messages and one for data
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches
SC fiber or RJ-45


24. How does L3 QOS classification happen?
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries
The TOS field in the header is used. 2 methods 3 bits or 6 bits
1500B
Half-duplex


25. What does port-security protect do?
Option 43
Needs hardware upgrade over WEP - uses AES encryption
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
Port stays up - packets from violating MACs dropped - no logging


26. What does the dst-mac option do when checking ARP replies
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network
Checks the destination MAC in the header against the target MAC in the ARP reply
They disguise the origin of an attack
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)


27. What is the GLBP group and priority range
A TCN BDPU is sent out of the switch's root port. The switch will continue sending TCN's every hello interval until ack'd by upstream neighbor. The root bridge will send a Config BDPU to all switches
A key string of up to 8 characters is sent. Default is cisco.
224.0.0.2 (all routers)
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)


28. What is the standard for WLANs?
The DCF interframe space- the random backoff time before a wireless set can transmit
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)
On all switches in network to enable RLQ request and reply
802.11


29. WPA2 encryption
Needs hardware upgrade over WEP - uses AES encryption
Makes use of the DHCP snooping database and static ip source binding entries. If enabled - switch will test addresses
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent


30. What is best effort delivery QOS?
Cisco ILP and 802.3af
Switches make an effort to move packets as quickly as possible
Per VLAN
12 kbps with headers and compression


31. What is the STP Max Age timer?
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds
FE and GE


32. What is the default FE duplex?
4
A private VLAN can be logically associated with a special secondary vlan
Port with best root path cost on segment
Full duplex


33. What are the gotchas for uplinkfast?

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34. How does PAgP form etherchannels?
Distribution layer
Port is forced to never authorize any connected client
1-ID link path costs - 2-ID roodt bridge - 3-select root port (1/switch) - 4-select designated port (1/segment) - 5-ID blocking port
Only on ports that have same static VLANs or trunking. It also modifies parameters of the channel if one of the ports is modified


35. What does IP source guard do?
802.1w
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports
Usually QoS from VOIP but not PC dataa
Makes use of the DHCP snooping database and static ip source binding entries. If enabled - switch will test addresses


36. What is arp throttling?
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
During the time that the FIB entry is in CEF glean waiting for ARP entries - subsequent packet to that host are dropped to keep input queues from filling
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table
0-255


37. How do Cisco IP phones communicate with the CCM?
The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance
300 sec by default
With the skinny protocol
Dynamic WEP keys that change periodically


38. How often are CAM table entries aged?
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block
300 sec
Switched Virtual Interface - an L3 address can be assigned to a logical interface that represents an entire VLAN - which becomes the DGW for that VLAN
The L3 forwarding engine can't forward the packet in hardware because there is no L2 next-hop address - so the packet is sent to the L3 engine to generate the ARP response


39. Does GLBP allow preemption?
Yes
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP
Sets the switchport mode to access - enables portfast - and turns off channel grouping for the port


40. What is RPR?
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions
Silent
Because each frame is checked
Configure non-silent submode


41. What is a community secondary VLAN?
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan
Set the native VLAN of a trunk to a bogus or unused VLAN ID then prune the native VLAN off both ends of the trunk
The switch checks the MAC and IP reported in the reply against trusted values. If they don't match - it is dropped and logged


42. What does UDLD do?
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials
Plain text or md5
Protects STP when a physical malfunction only allows traffic in 1 direction - even though the link shows as up (cisco proprietary)
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)


43. What is an isolated secondary VLAN?

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44. What routing protocols support NSF?
1-LAP gets a DHCP address - 2-LAP learns IP of available WLC - 3-LAP sends a join request to WLC and receives join reply - 4-WLC sends code image - if necessary - 5-Tunnels are created
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
Incoming frames dropped - but MACs learned


45. can root guard and udld be used together?
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance
63 kbps
Yes
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches


46. Where should STP timers be configured and why?
Makes use of the DHCP snooping database and static ip source binding entries. If enabled - switch will test addresses
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated
On root - because the root bridge propagates timers with config BDPU


47. How should backbonefast be configured?
Both layer 2 switching and IVR
On all switches in network to enable RLQ request and reply
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN
No because they only participate if asked


48. What does the RP do?
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it
Port with best root path cost on segment
If the switch or the powered device doesn't suport power class discovery


49. What's the easiest way to configure GLBP timers?
The frame tag contains a 3 but portion tagged from 0 (low) to 7 (high)
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate


50. What must the other end be set to if PAgP desirable or LACP active mode is selected?
RADIUS
802.1D
By using a trunk link
Either desirable or auto mode