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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is UDLD aggressive mode?

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2. What are the two private vlan association modes?
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number
Promiscuous and host
Almost eliminates listening and learning states for single hosts on an access link
Turn on port security

3. can root guard and bdpu guard be used together?
Allows devices to interoperate with PVST and CST. Can use both dot1q and ISL
No
The master router can share the VIP
A key string of up to 8 characters is sent. Default is cisco.

4. How do you disable DTP when you configure both ends of the ISL manually?
Used to switch packets destined for the null interface
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action

5. What format does the GLBP MAC use?
0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is six 0 bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group numberr. Yyyy is the virtual forwarder number
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated
Each frame transmits its expected duration time

6. How often are HSRP hellos sent?
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
An AP's coverage area
Switchpotrt nonegotiate

7. What is a null adjacency?
Used to switch packets destined for the null interface
Can hear only BDPUs
2 seconds (def)
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)

8. What is an end to end vlan?
Only for the offending VLAN on the port
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another
A TCN BDPU is sent out of the switch's root port. The switch will continue sending TCN's every hello interval until ack'd by upstream neighbor. The root bridge will send a Config BDPU to all switches

9. What are the characteristics of the distribution layer?
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches
Aggregation - high L3 throughput - security and policy based connectivity functions through access lists and packet filters - QoS - scalable high-speed links
Globally or per-port

10. Define GLBP
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary
Untrusted
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP
Because each frame is checked

11. What are the gotchas for uplinkfast?

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12. How does IPT behave when the voice VLAN is in dot1p mode?
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p
802.11
7 switches from root bridge
1- enable MST - 2-enter MST config mode - 3-assign region name and region configuration rev - 4-map vlans to an MSTI - 5-show pending changes - 6- commit by exiting

13. If a wireless station needs to transmit and another device is transmitting - what happens?
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
Globally
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)
Plain text or md5

14. How can BDPU Guard be configured?
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.
Globally or per-port
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.

15. What is errdisable dtp-flap?
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP
Src-dst-ip
Using a mobility exchange message
Change in trunk encap

16. What must be in common for a BSS to form?
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials
A port can only forward or relay BDPUs - but can't receive them - disabled by default - enabled per-port - blocks port when superior BDPUs are received
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port

17. What happens if both 802.1D and RSTP BDPUs are received?
Yes to both
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies
The port will operate under 802.1D rules. If they are received on the same port - it will run 802.1D until the migration delay expires
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers

18. How does Root Guard work?

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19. Where should you change the network diameter value?
Cisco recommends only on the root bridge
On by default
Via an 802.1Q trunk or a single VLAN access port
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged

20. How many designated ports are there?
1 per segment
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds
Per-port or globally for all fiber-optic ports. Can be enabled globally - but will only affect fiber ports

21. can root guard and udld be used together?
Yes
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.
Checks the source MAC in the header against the sender MAC in the ARP reply
The configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay

22. If the WLC connects to an Etherchannel - how should the channel be configured and why?

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23. What is an SVI?
63 kbps
By short-circuiting the max age timer
1- inferior BDPU on blocked-considered alternative - 2-inferior on root-all blocked ports considered alternate - 3-if inferior arrives on root and no blocked ports - assumes loss of connectivity to root
Switched Virtual Interface - an L3 address can be assigned to a logical interface that represents an entire VLAN - which becomes the DGW for that VLAN

24. What is RPR?
Checks the sender's ip in all arp requests and checks the sender's IP against target IP in all replies
Incoming frames dropped - but MACs learned
Differentiated services
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions

25. For QoS - switch uplinks should always be considered as ____ _____?
Create 2 hsrp groups - each with the active router being different switches - then have clients point to each
Only a single host connects . If one BDPU is received - it is no longer an edge port
Trusted ports
VTP server for domain null with no password or secure mode

26. What is a LACP priority?
Data and voice over native vlan no QOS and no 802.1p trunk
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
A port can only forward or relay BDPUs - but can't receive them - disabled by default - enabled per-port - blocks port when superior BDPUs are received
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)

27. What is a vlan?
A single broadcast domain
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack
Checks the destination MAC in the header against the target MAC in the ARP reply
Untrusted

28. How does ISL handle COS?
The frame tag contains a 3 but portion tagged from 0 (low) to 7 (high)
SC fiber or RJ-45
Collision domain
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.

29. What is the size of ISL encapsulation?
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group
By using a hash of a key string
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC
Access

30. What is the size of a TCAM value?
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)
134 bits - consisting of source and destination addresses and protocol information from the packet or frame
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk

31. What is latency?
The total delay from start to finish
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions
Access
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface

32. WPA2 encryption
Normal and aggressive
224.0.0.2 (all routers)
Using a mobility exchange message
Needs hardware upgrade over WEP - uses AES encryption

33. How many tunnels exist between the LAP and WLC?
Src-dst-ip
Untrusted
2 - one for control messages and one for data
SC fiber or RJ-45

34. What are the 2 choices for VLANs with IPT?
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.
They must be carried over a voice VLAN (VVID) or over a regular data VLAN (ie. The native VLAN or the PVID)
Almost eliminates listening and learning states for single hosts on an access link
By using a trunk link

35. What is BDPU Guard?
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state
Globally
The total delay from start to finish
Up to 4 can be used in a group. Called active virtual forwarders (AVF)

36. What do you need to determine to use MSTP?
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance
Multicasts to 224.0.0.18 (VRRP)
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)

37. What is the standard for WLANs?
Differentiated services code point
802.11
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies
Checks the sender's ip in all arp requests and checks the sender's IP against target IP in all replies

38. How much BW does a PSTN connection use?
63 kbps
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO
Enables switches at the end of the spanning tree branches to have a functioning root port while keeping 1 or more redundant potential ports in blocking mode. When the main fails - the other comes up.
Create 2 hsrp groups - each with the active router being different switches - then have clients point to each

39. what must be done on an SVI before it is activated?
No shut
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface
Port stays up - packets from violating MACs dropped - no logging
Best effort delivery - integrated services model - and differentiated services model

40. What are the steps to configure MST?
802.11
Stateful switchover - redundant sup is fully booted and init'd. Both start and run config are synched as is L2 information - and switchinterfaces.
1- enable MST - 2-enter MST config mode - 3-assign region name and region configuration rev - 4-map vlans to an MSTI - 5-show pending changes - 6- commit by exiting
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer

41. Of what significance are private VLANs
Local only
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)
Globally
Single instance of STP for all VLANs. BDPUs are sent over trunks using the native VLAN with untagged frames. Dot1q based

42. What does VTP do?
Used to switch packets destined for the null interface
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network
Regions and instances
0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is six 0 bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group numberr. Yyyy is the virtual forwarder number

43. What is the RSTP default hello interval?
Only when a nonedge port transitions to forwarding
2 seconds
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another
Interim solution - uses same hardware as WEP - but uses TKIP encryption

44. FE connectors use...
The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance
Will trunk if asked
1-lowest root bridge ID - 2-lowest root path cost - 3-lowest bridgeID - 4-lowest port ID
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors

45. One vlan should =
Yes to both
1 IP subnet
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec
SC fiber or RJ-45

46. What is PVST plus (PVST+)?
Allows devices to interoperate with PVST and CST. Can use both dot1q and ISL
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN
1-LAP gets a DHCP address - 2-LAP learns IP of available WLC - 3-LAP sends a join request to WLC and receives join reply - 4-WLC sends code image - if necessary - 5-Tunnels are created

47. What are the VRRP group and priority numbers?
Group (0-255) - priority (1-254 254 is highest - 100 default)
Flash (class 3)
Admin down
Should be used on access switches - can't be used on root - keeps enabled switch from becoming root by raising priority of switch and all ports - making them undesirable

48. How does every HSRP config command begin?
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state
Roughly 2000
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number
Trusted or untrusted

49. How do Cisco IP phones communicate with the CCM?
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry
By sending a gratuitous ARP
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another
With the skinny protocol

50. static vlans offer ____ based membership
FIB
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers
Port