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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. When should CDP be enabled?
As a VLAN access map
Access
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action
Only for trusted Cisco gear - especially phones

2. Which fiber is the receive?
One router is the active virtual gateway - has highest priority or IP in group - answers all ARP requests and gives MAC based on load balancing
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.
1/2 and 3/6
On the left as you face the connector

3. What is NSF?
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches
Nonstop forwarding is an interactive method focusing on rebuilding the RIB after SUP switchover

4. What happens when switches receive a configuration BDPU?
Enables switches at the end of the spanning tree branches to have a functioning root port while keeping 1 or more redundant potential ports in blocking mode. When the main fails - the other comes up.
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet
Access or trunk
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)

5. What does UDLD do?
Create 2 hsrp groups - each with the active router being different switches - then have clients point to each
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses
Protects STP when a physical malfunction only allows traffic in 1 direction - even though the link shows as up (cisco proprietary)

6. What is a BSS?
Can send and receive BDPUs
With portfast
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.
Src-dst-ip

7. What does IP source guard do?
Allows devices to interoperate with PVST and CST. Can use both dot1q and ISL
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses
Connects with SONET or SDH
Makes use of the DHCP snooping database and static ip source binding entries. If enabled - switch will test addresses

8. What cabling do GBICs use?
SC fiber or RJ-45
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs
Yes

9. In a converged fabric - which switch(es) send config BDPUs?
Control functions
Root
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active
FIB

10. What happens during HSRP failover?
Using a mobility exchange message
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine
7 switches from root bridge

11. What are the 2 types of secondary VLAN?
1-(opt) set system priority - 2-select interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-set the mode - 5-(opt) set the port priority
Isolated and community
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID
Weak key rotation

12. When looking at the sh spanning tree output - What does P2P denote?
1-enable AAA on switch - 2-define RADIUS servers - 3-define authentication method - 4-enable 802.1x on switch - 5-conf. 802.1x ports - 6-allow hosts
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number
A point to point port type
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP

13. What is BDPU Guard?
Cisco recommends only on the root bridge
Used when ACLs specify port ranges...used by TCAM
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state

14. How does UDLD work?
Should be used on access switches - can't be used on root - keeps enabled switch from becoming root by raising priority of switch and all ports - making them undesirable
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD
The point at which a switch decides to trust incoming Qos. Usually at boundary with ISP

15. How does a LAP and a WLC authenticate between each other?
Using digital certificates
Incoming frames dropped - but MACs learned
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server
Distribution

16. What data does DHCP snooping track?
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.
An AP's coverage area
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary
134 bits

17. What are the steps to configuring HSRP MD5 authentication?
Admin down
Those that connect to other switches
5 classes with 3 drop precedences
1-name the chain - 2-establish a key number - 3-create the key string - 4-apply the chain to the string

18. How does ISL handle COS?
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)
The frame tag contains a 3 but portion tagged from 0 (low) to 7 (high)
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated

19. What are 2 ways to configure VLAN and VTP information?
A key string of up to 8 characters is sent. Default is cisco.
They must be carried over a voice VLAN (VVID) or over a regular data VLAN (ie. The native VLAN or the PVID)
Checks the destination MAC in the header against the target MAC in the ARP reply
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy

20. What are the 3 trunk encap modes?
Critical...used most often for IPT
1/2 and 3/6
When a port moves into forwarding or from fowarding or learning to blocking.
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)

21. What does the switchport host macro do?
The master router can share the VIP
Between interfaces that are assigned to L2 VLANs or L2 trunks
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP
Value - mask - and result (VMR) combinations

22. Where does layer switching occur?
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials
Between any type of interface as long as the interface can have an L3 address assigned
Stateful switchover - redundant sup is fully booted and init'd. Both start and run config are synched as is L2 information - and switchinterfaces.
Interim solution - uses same hardware as WEP - but uses TKIP encryption

23. What is an isolated secondary VLAN?

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24. What are the steps to configure MST?
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate
RADIUS
1- enable MST - 2-enter MST config mode - 3-assign region name and region configuration rev - 4-map vlans to an MSTI - 5-show pending changes - 6- commit by exiting
SC fiber or RJ-45

25. How should the switch port to which a LAP be configured?
Access
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action
Yes to both
The port will operate under 802.1D rules. If they are received on the same port - it will run 802.1D until the migration delay expires

26. Can loop guard and udld be used together?
For hosts that doesn't understand routing - the DGW is configured to reply with its own mac
Yes
4
They disguise the origin of an attack

27. What happens if both 802.1D and RSTP BDPUs are received?
The port will operate under 802.1D rules. If they are received on the same port - it will run 802.1D until the migration delay expires
Trunk
Each physical interface has a different IP address. All physical interfaces point to a virtual interface called the standby address or VIP
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.

28. What does the dst-mac option do when checking ARP replies
Checks the destination MAC in the header against the target MAC in the ARP reply
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP
63 kbps
Discarding - learning - forwarding

29. What is jitter?
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability
1 to 64
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.
Variation in delay

30. CAM table entries are purged when....
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network
Discarding - learning - forwarding
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
A MAC is seen on a different port

31. What is a CEF punt?

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32. What are the port channel load balancing methods?
With portfast
Sends a voltage across the receive pairs to detect a 25k ohm resistance
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value
Src-ip - dst-ip - src-dst-ip - src-mac - dst-mac - src-dst-mac - src-port - dst-port - src-dst-port

33. What is the portr ID?
Real-time Transport Protocol
1 per segment
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)

34. What is accelerated CEF (aCEF)?
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports
Any ports associated with an isolated vlan can reach the primary - but not any other secondary. Hosts withn an isolated vlan can't reach each other
Isolated and community

35. Where does VRRP send advertisements?
The switch checks the MAC and IP reported in the reply against trusted values. If they don't match - it is dropped and logged
No shut
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance
Multicasts to 224.0.0.18 (VRRP)

36. How should the switch port to which an autonomous AP be configured?
A single broadcast domain
Regions and instances
Trunk
Option 43

37. What is errdisable pagp-flap?
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config

38. What does the epoch number indicate when looking at cef entries?
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another

39. What format does the GLBP MAC use?
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p
134 bits - consisting of source and destination addresses and protocol information from the packet or frame
A point to point port type
0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is six 0 bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group numberr. Yyyy is the virtual forwarder number

40. How do you configure IP source guard for hosts that don't use DHCP?
Untrusted
Admin down
By creating a static IP binding
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.

41. RSTP edge port
Only a single host connects . If one BDPU is received - it is no longer an edge port
0000.5e00.01xx
Admin down
Configuration and TCN

42. What types of authentication does HSRP allow?
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)
Plain text or md5
Can send and receive BDPUs
Forces the router to wait for a period of time before attempting overthrow

43. How should UDLD be configured?
The configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay
The total delay from start to finish
Sets the switchport mode to access - enables portfast - and turns off channel grouping for the port
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP

44. What is the IEEE standard for STP?
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.
Trusted ports
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS
802.1D

45. unknown unicast flooding
Only for trusted Cisco gear - especially phones
The switch checks the MAC and IP reported in the reply against trusted values. If they don't match - it is dropped and logged
MAC addresses are learned from the source MAC of incoming frames. If the destination address is unknown - the frame is flooded out all except the receiving port.
Distribution layer

46. How do you show HSRP status
Roughly 50%
0-255 (lower is better)
No
Show standby

47. What is the acceptible range of VLANS?
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
A point to point port type
Cisco recommends only on the root bridge
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00

48. What is the traditional MLS view of switching?
Route once - switch many
Those that connect to other switches
Reboots and searches for a new WLC
Root

49. What does the version number indicate when looking at CEF entries?
Per VLAN
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated
Hashing algorithm
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance

50. What happens when the topology changes?

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