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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How often are HSRP hellos sent?
802.1D
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1
No because they only participate if asked
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.

2. One vlan should =
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary
Control functions
1 IP subnet

3. What is the switch block?
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches
When a specific interface is tracked - HSRP reduces it's priority after a specified interval.
Silent

4. What is RPVST+?
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk
134 bits - consisting of source and destination addresses and protocol information from the packet or frame
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive

5. RSTP uses which standard?
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID
Root - designated - blocking - alternate - forwarding (host)
802.1w
16 - IST gets MSTI 0 - 1-15 are available for use. MSTIs are locally significant to the MST region

6. What is DSCP codepoint AF21(18)?
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS
Immediate (class 2)
L2
Local only

7. What are the 3 redundant supervisor modes?
Both layer 2 switching and IVR
Weak key rotation
Configuration and TCN
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO

8. How should the switch port to which a WLC be configured?
Trunk
Port with best root path cost
The topology is pre-populated by downloading the topology DB into the FIB and dynamically updated. Called Cisco Express Forwarding
Edge - root - and point to point

9. How does UDLD work?
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN
Immediate (class 2)
With portfast

10. What is the VRRP master router?
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw
Port stays up - packets from violating MACs dropped - no logging
The active router. All other routers are in backup state
Yes to both

11. What does the SP do?
If a unidirectional link is detected - the port continues normally - but the port is marked as undetermined and a syslog is generated
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries
Show standby

12. Can loop guard and udld be used together?
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance
As a VLAN access map
Flash override (class 4)
Yes

13. What can the Etherchannel hash use?
Port with best root path cost on segment
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers
Forces the router to wait for a period of time before attempting overthrow
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive

14. RSTP forwarding state
Each physical interface has a different IP address. All physical interfaces point to a virtual interface called the standby address or VIP
Frames are forwarded
Both layer 2 switching and IVR
Half-duplex

15. What method of QOS does voice traffic use most frequently?
Isolated and community
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance
Differentiated services
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions

16. How are RSTP point to point ports determined?
Automatically by duplex mode in use. Full duplex are point ot point. Half duplex ports use traditional 802.1D convergence is used.
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP
The port uses 802.1x exchange to move from unauthorized to authorized. Requires app on client

17. How is root port decided upon?
Lowest cumulative cost to root
Between any type of interface as long as the interface can have an L3 address assigned
Yes
Both ends should be on because on modes doesn't send PAgP or LACP packets

18. What are the 2 power over ethernet methods?
Allows devices to interoperate with PVST and CST. Can use both dot1q and ISL
Cisco ILP and 802.3af
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.

19. In a converged fabric - which switch(es) send config BDPUs?
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table
Each physical interface has a different IP address. All physical interfaces point to a virtual interface called the standby address or VIP
Root
The total delay from start to finish

20. What is the range of PAgP channel group numbers?
1 to 64
Hold time is 3xhello. A skew time of 256ms-routerpriority)/256ms is added
By using a hash of a key string
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.

21. What is an isolated secondary VLAN?

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22. What is the cost of a 100Mbps link?
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it
19
Trunk

23. What is the default mode of load balancing?
Only for trusted Cisco gear - especially phones
Src-dst-ip
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config
When a port moves into forwarding or from fowarding or learning to blocking.

24. How does HSRP election work?
The port asks the other end to trunk
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker
That they aren't using the same frequencies.
Half-duplex

25. What is a cell?

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26. What does DTP do?
Automatically negotiates a common trunk mode between switches
Prevents the dhcp binding DB from being checked.
1 IP subnet
Distribution layer

27. How are errdisable triggers tuned?
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.
Globally

28. Can ARP replies be checked
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group
By sending a gratuitous ARP
Yes
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN

29. What is the GLBP AVG?
Tracks of BDPUs on nondesignated ports. When those BDPUs stop coming - the port is put into loop-inconsistent state and blocks
One router is the active virtual gateway - has highest priority or IP in group - answers all ARP requests and gives MAC based on load balancing
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router

30. What is the distribution layer best practice?
Port with redundant - but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate
10-15%
The master router can share the VIP
The distribution layer should have only L3 links

31. How does ISL do trunking?
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer
Sends a voltage across the receive pairs to detect a 25k ohm resistance
Any ports associated with an isolated vlan can reach the primary - but not any other secondary. Hosts withn an isolated vlan can't reach each other
On root - because the root bridge propagates timers with config BDPU

32. What does BDPU filtering do?
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports
Should be used on access switches - can't be used on root - keeps enabled switch from becoming root by raising priority of switch and all ports - making them undesirable
The campus network's backbone
With the skinny protocol

33. What are the steps to configuring HSRP MD5 authentication?
Src-dst-ip
1 per segment
1-name the chain - 2-establish a key number - 3-create the key string - 4-apply the chain to the string
MAC addresses are learned from the source MAC of incoming frames. If the destination address is unknown - the frame is flooded out all except the receiving port.

34. What are the steps to configure a PAgP port channel?
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number
1-(opt) configure load balancing - 2-select the interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-select the mode and submode
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.

35. What are the three basic types of QOS?
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies
Best effort delivery - integrated services model - and differentiated services model
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface
19

36. What is dynamic auto?
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby
Roughly 2000
Will trunk if asked

37. Where are security and QoS ACLs stored?
Use the spanning-tree root macro
No
The ASIC
TCAM

38. What is dhcp snooping rate limiting?
Limits the number if dhcp requests on a port
The TOS field in the header is used. 2 methods 3 bits or 6 bits
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary
Yes

39. What is the IEEE standard for STP?
All ports where root isn't expected
On by default
802.1D
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server

40. What are the 4 steps in DHCP negotiation?
Normal and aggressive
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack
Differentiated services code point
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up

41. What is the duration time in a wireless frame?
The campus network's backbone
Each frame transmits its expected duration time
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up

42. What pins does FE use?
Only for the offending VLAN on the port
1/2 and 3/6
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP
A point to point port type

43. How does an L2 switch do QOS?
Compatible with 802.11b - up to 54Mbps in 12 data rates - 3 channels - 2.4Ghz
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk
Port with redundant - but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate
The redundant SUP is booted and sup and route engine is init'd. No L2 or L3 functions are started. Allows switchports to retain state

44. Where does VRRP send advertisements?
Tracks of BDPUs on nondesignated ports. When those BDPUs stop coming - the port is put into loop-inconsistent state and blocks
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number
Multicasts to 224.0.0.18 (VRRP)
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk

45. Where should STP timers be configured and why?
One router is the active virtual gateway - has highest priority or IP in group - answers all ARP requests and gives MAC based on load balancing
On root - because the root bridge propagates timers with config BDPU
Change in trunk encap
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker

46. What is layer 3 roaming?
2 - one for control messages and one for data
When a client roams between Aps in different subnets
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action

47. If a port is configured for errdisable auto recovery - how long does it stay down?
All ports where root isn't expected
0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is six 0 bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group numberr. Yyyy is the virtual forwarder number
300 sec by default
1 IP subnet

48. RSTP edge port
Only a single host connects . If one BDPU is received - it is no longer an edge port
Hold time is 3xhello. A skew time of 256ms-routerpriority)/256ms is added
Interim solution - uses same hardware as WEP - but uses TKIP encryption
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP

49. What is the cost of a 1Gbps link?
Needs hardware upgrade over WEP - uses AES encryption
The configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay
4
On by default

50. What does the standby HSRP router do?
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry
0000.5e00.01xx
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router