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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the 2 types of secondary VLAN?
1-name the chain - 2-establish a key number - 3-create the key string - 4-apply the chain to the string
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number
802.1D
Isolated and community

2. RSTP discarding state
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer
As a VLAN access map
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)

3. What is the GLBP AVG?
All user ports that have portfast enabled
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies
Any ports associated with an isolated vlan can reach the primary - but not any other secondary. Hosts withn an isolated vlan can't reach each other
One router is the active virtual gateway - has highest priority or IP in group - answers all ARP requests and gives MAC based on load balancing

4. How is the HSRP MAC address configured?
A point to point port type
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value
300 sec by default
Silent

5. What types of links can be trunked?
FE - GE - and aggregated FE/GE Etherchannels
No
The TOS field in the header is used. 2 methods 3 bits or 6 bits
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP

6. How does a WLC hand off a client's association to another WLC?
10-15%
Per-port or globally for all fiber-optic ports. Can be enabled globally - but will only affect fiber ports
Using a mobility exchange message
Almost eliminates listening and learning states for single hosts on an access link

7. What is RPR?
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions
The port asks the other end to trunk
The redundant SUP is booted and sup and route engine is init'd. No L2 or L3 functions are started. Allows switchports to retain state
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings

8. What cabling do GBICs use?
It can't
SC fiber or RJ-45
No
300 sec

9. What must you be sure of if AP cells overlap?

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10. What are the steps of RSTP convergence?
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
Hosts associated with a secondary VLAN can communicate with ports on the primary but not with another secondary VLAN
Each physical interface has a different IP address. All physical interfaces point to a virtual interface called the standby address or VIP

11. What is the portr ID?
1-ID link path costs - 2-ID roodt bridge - 3-select root port (1/switch) - 4-select designated port (1/segment) - 5-ID blocking port
Weak key rotation
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)
On ports where you never expect to find a root bridge for a VLAN

12. When DHCP snooping is turned on - by default - it considers all ports ______
Untrusted
A host port goes up or down
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz
TCAM

13. What are the 3 unlicensed frequencies?
Value - mask - and result (VMR) combinations
When a client roams between Aps in different subnets
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz
Priority (class 1)

14. What is a topology change?
Forces the router to wait for a period of time before attempting overthrow
When a port moves into forwarding or from fowarding or learning to blocking.
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches
Trunk

15. Where does layer switching occur?
Between any type of interface as long as the interface can have an L3 address assigned
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk
Data and voice over native vlan no QOS and no 802.1p trunk

16. What pins does FE use?
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)
1/2 and 3/6
Within a single MST region - an IST instances runs to work out a loop free topology between links where CST meets the region boundary and all switches in the region. It runs at the boundary.

17. RSTP backup port
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
Protects STP when a physical malfunction only allows traffic in 1 direction - even though the link shows as up (cisco proprietary)
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP
Port with redundant - but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate

18. How do you renable an err-disable port by default?
Almost eliminates listening and learning states for single hosts on an access link
Because each frame is checked
Manually
Globally or per-port

19. What are the 4 steps to extend QoS trust?
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary
Only for trusted Cisco gear - especially phones
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN
Real-time Transport Protocol

20. How is an RSTP edge port configured
With portfast
To the virtual port-channel interface
The RP listens to a flow's 1st packet for the dest. The SE listens to the packet and dest and puts a shortcut in the MSL cache. Netflow switching - route once - switch many
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds

21. At what layer does EAPOL run?
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions
L2
Cisco ILP and 802.3af
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP

22. How does HSRP gateway addressing work
As a VLAN access map
Each physical interface has a different IP address. All physical interfaces point to a virtual interface called the standby address or VIP
All user ports that have portfast enabled
They disguise the origin of an attack

23. How are RSTP point to point ports determined?
Src-dst-ip
Automatically by duplex mode in use. Full duplex are point ot point. Half duplex ports use traditional 802.1D convergence is used.
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP

24. What is the STP hello timer?
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over specified VLAN - voice QOS is 802.1p
The DCF interframe space- the random backoff time before a wireless set can transmit
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds

25. One vlan should =
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another
By using a trunk link
1 IP subnet
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry

26. FE connectors use...
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow
Half-duplex
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors

27. What does the ip option do when checking ARP replies

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28. What is jitter?
Can hear only BDPUs
224.0.0.2 (all routers)
2 - one for control messages and one for data
Variation in delay

29. RSTP edge port
Will trunk if asked
MAC of the end device
Only a single host connects . If one BDPU is received - it is no longer an edge port
One router is the active virtual gateway - has highest priority or IP in group - answers all ARP requests and gives MAC based on load balancing

30. What is the cost of a 10Gbps link?
Each network device handles packets individually with no advance reservations
The campus network's backbone
Silent
2

31. How is a QoS trust bondary configured?
Distribution
No shut
Using a mobility exchange message
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies

32. How does adding option-82 to DHCP snooping affect things?

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33. What is a baby giant frame?
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers
If a unidirectional link is detected - the port continues normally - but the port is marked as undetermined and a syslog is generated
Distribution layer
Port

34. How does UDLD work?
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM
300 sec by default

35. How does dot1q do trunking?
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC
Port with best root path cost on segment
Embeds the tag within the frame

36. How does DAI work?
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability

37. CAM table entries are purged when....
Port with best root path cost on segment
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.
A MAC is seen on a different port
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table

38. How is an instance defined?
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table
Cisco recommends only on the root bridge
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged
Packets must be sent to the L3 engine for further processing

39. What does VTP do?
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP
Port with best root path cost on segment
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.

40. What are the 5 STP port roles?
A single broadcast domain
The switch adds its MAC to the option 82 field so that the DHCP reply echoes back the switch's own information
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries
Root - designated - blocking - alternate - forwarding (host)

41. What does the reload keyword do in HSRP?
Root - designated - blocking - alternate - forwarding (host)
If the switch or the powered device doesn't suport power class discovery
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow

42. What is the default mode of load balancing?
Controls where candidate root bridges can be connected and found on a network
Flash override (class 4)
Src-dst-ip
The redundant SUP is booted and sup and route engine is init'd. No L2 or L3 functions are started. Allows switchports to retain state

43. 802.11b
One router is the active virtual gateway - has highest priority or IP in group - answers all ARP requests and gives MAC based on load balancing
1 -2 -5.5 and 11 Mbps - Channels 1/6/11 - 2.4Ghz
Variation in delay
FE - GE - and aggregated FE/GE Etherchannels

44. Define HSRP
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen
Differentiated services
Only for trusted Cisco gear - especially phones
Auto mode

45. What are spoofed addresses?
By using a trunk link
On root - because the root bridge propagates timers with config BDPU
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface
They disguise the origin of an attack

46. Where are security and QoS ACLs stored?
When a client roams between Aps in different subnets
TCAM
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow

47. How do you find duplex mismatches?
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated
300 sec
Cisco ILP and 802.3af
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10

48. What is Per VLAN STP (PVST)?
Collision domain
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions
Differentiated services code point

49. What is the size of ISL encapsulation?
Plain text or md5
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk
An AP's coverage area

50. How should the switch port to which a LAP be configured?
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary
Because each frame is checked
Access