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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the distribution layer best practice?
No because they only participate if asked
The distribution layer should have only L3 links
The campus network's backbone
19

2. How does DSCP handle IP precedence?
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports
5 classes with 3 drop precedences
Should be used on access switches - can't be used on root - keeps enabled switch from becoming root by raising priority of switch and all ports - making them undesirable
Flash (class 3)

3. What is the portr ID?
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)
The configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay
It is enabled by default on all CEF capable switches
Route once - switch many

4. What is a null adjacency?
Dynamic WEP keys that change periodically
Used to switch packets destined for the null interface
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action

5. RSTP uses which standard?
Incoming frames dropped - but MACs learned
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
802.1w
A private VLAN can be logically associated with a special secondary vlan

6. What is an indirect topology change?
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic
The topology is pre-populated by downloading the topology DB into the FIB and dynamically updated. Called Cisco Express Forwarding
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server

7. What does the switchport host macro do?
Sets the switchport mode to access - enables portfast - and turns off channel grouping for the port
300 sec by default
Will trunk if asked
Manually

8. CAM table entries are purged when....
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)
A MAC is seen on a different port
The distribution layer should have only L3 links

9. What is DCF?
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1
MAC of the end device
Automatically by duplex mode in use. Full duplex are point ot point. Half duplex ports use traditional 802.1D convergence is used.

10. what if a secondary VLAN?
Each frame transmits its expected duration time
Sets the switchport mode to access - enables portfast - and turns off channel grouping for the port
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds
Hosts associated with a secondary VLAN can communicate with ports on the primary but not with another secondary VLAN

11. What is GLBP weight?
Trunk
Disabled - blocking - listening - learning - forwarding
A TCN BDPU is sent out of the switch's root port. The switch will continue sending TCN's every hello interval until ack'd by upstream neighbor. The root bridge will send a Config BDPU to all switches
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface

12. RSTP designated port
Root
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow
Port with best root path cost on segment
One router is the active virtual gateway - has highest priority or IP in group - answers all ARP requests and gives MAC based on load balancing

13. What is DSCP codepoint AF41(34)?
Only for the offending VLAN on the port
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
Checks the sender's ip in all arp requests and checks the sender's IP against target IP in all replies
Flash override (class 4)

14. RSTP discarding state
1500B
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)
Yes
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions

15. How often are BDPUs sent?
When a specific interface is tracked - HSRP reduces it's priority after a specified interval.
2 seconds
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it
2 seconds (def)

16. How are RSTP point to point ports determined?
Automatically by duplex mode in use. Full duplex are point ot point. Half duplex ports use traditional 802.1D convergence is used.
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports
Between any type of interface as long as the interface can have an L3 address assigned

17. What is a LACP priority?
300 sec
0-255
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)
2

18. How does IPT behave when the voice VLAN is in untagged mode?
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk
TCAM
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP

19. How should the switch port to which a LAP be configured?
Yes
Access
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP
Distribution layer

20. What does the version number indicate when looking at CEF entries?
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number
Prevents the dhcp binding DB from being checked.
Best effort delivery - integrated services model - and differentiated services model

21. What is a drop adjacency?

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22. What is the STP Max Age timer?
Makes use of the DHCP snooping database and static ip source binding entries. If enabled - switch will test addresses
802.11
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds
Isolated and community

23. How does a DAI enabled switch gather trusted ARP info?
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk
No
L2
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries

24. What is the GLBP AVG?
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen
One router is the active virtual gateway - has highest priority or IP in group - answers all ARP requests and gives MAC based on load balancing
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches
Differentiated services

25. By default - what submode does PAgP operate in with the desirable and auto modes?
Silent
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz
SC fiber or RJ-45
Regions and instances

26. How does an LAP bind with a WLC?
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN
Regions and instances

27. How does every HSRP config command begin?
No
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.
An AP's coverage area
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number

28. RSTP BPDU structure
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
Some unused bits are used to allow a port to identify its role and state. Also the BDPUs state that they are V2 BDPUs
Plain text or md5
A single broadcast domain

29. Where are security and QoS ACLs stored?
Prevents the dhcp binding DB from being checked.
Hold time is 3xhello. A skew time of 256ms-routerpriority)/256ms is added
TCAM
Roughly 50%

30. What is the STP blocking state?
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports
Can hear only BDPUs

31. What are the RSTP port roles?
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS

32. What does the minimum keyword do in HSRP?
FE - GE - and aggregated FE/GE Etherchannels
Priority (class 1)
LACP port priority
Forces the router to wait for a period of time before attempting overthrow

33. what do multilayer switches do?
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials
Both layer 2 switching and IVR
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry
Src-ip - dst-ip - src-dst-ip - src-mac - dst-mac - src-dst-mac - src-port - dst-port - src-dst-port

34. What is the duration time in a wireless frame?
Control functions
Each frame transmits its expected duration time
No because they only participate if asked
With portfast

35. Which 4 things must be agreeable to trunk?
An AP's coverage area
1- trunking mode - 2-trunk encapsulation - 3-native VLAN - 4-allowed VLAN
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports
The same as a standby group in HSRP

36. unknown unicast flooding
MAC addresses are learned from the source MAC of incoming frames. If the destination address is unknown - the frame is flooded out all except the receiving port.
Makes use of the DHCP snooping database and static ip source binding entries. If enabled - switch will test addresses
Differentiated services
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number

37. How does NSF work?
Gets assistance from other NSF-aware neighbors. NSF features need to be built into the routing protocols on router needing and providing assistance
By configuring every switch port to have an expected and controlled behavior
Admin down
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions

38. What is route caching?

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39. How is the HSRP MAC address configured?
Using a mobility exchange message
Change in trunk encap
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router

40. What happens if both 802.1D and RSTP BDPUs are received?
The port will operate under 802.1D rules. If they are received on the same port - it will run 802.1D until the migration delay expires
On all switches in network to enable RLQ request and reply
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves

41. How does uplinkfast handle changes in topology?
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.

42. What are the 5 STP port roles?
Usually QoS from VOIP but not PC dataa
Root - designated - blocking - alternate - forwarding (host)
1-ID link path costs - 2-ID roodt bridge - 3-select root port (1/switch) - 4-select designated port (1/segment) - 5-ID blocking port
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it

43. What is the RSTP default hello interval?
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.
Yes
2 seconds
By using an Ether-IP tunnel

44. Can loop guard and udld be used together?
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials
Yes

45. What is the DIFS?
The total delay from start to finish
The DCF interframe space- the random backoff time before a wireless set can transmit
Configuration and TCN
Plain text or md5

46. How are BDPUs spread?
Within a single MST region - an IST instances runs to work out a loop free topology between links where CST meets the region boundary and all switches in the region. It runs at the boundary.
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN
The ASIC

47. can root guard and loop guard be used together
Port with best root path cost
12 kbps with headers and compression
An AP's coverage area
No

48. What are spoofed addresses?
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains
They disguise the origin of an attack

49. What data does DHCP snooping track?
Via an 802.1Q trunk or a single VLAN access port
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)
Differentiated services code point
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.

50. How do you disable DTP when you configure both ends of the ISL manually?
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions
One router is the active virtual gateway - has highest priority or IP in group - answers all ARP requests and gives MAC based on load balancing