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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the default VTP state?
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS
VTP server for domain null with no password or secure mode
Weak key rotation
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM

2. What are TCAM entries composed of?
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged
Edge - root - and point to point
Value - mask - and result (VMR) combinations

3. Can loop guard and udld be used together?
Plain text or md5
Yes
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
Promiscuous and host

4. Which fiber is the receive?
On the left as you face the connector
Enables switches at the end of the spanning tree branches to have a functioning root port while keeping 1 or more redundant potential ports in blocking mode. When the main fails - the other comes up.
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC

5. What is the adjacency table?
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry
Isolated and community
Both layer 2 switching and IVR

6. What are the RSTP port roles?
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)
Regions and instances
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.
Root - designated - alternate - and backup

7. What is the PVLAN promiscuous mode?
A host port goes up or down
Connects to a router - firewall - or gateway. Can communicate with anything else connected to the primary or any secondary. Ignores pvlan config
Discarding - learning - forwarding
2 - one for control messages and one for data

8. Can ARP replies be checked
Can send and receive BDPUs
With the skinny protocol
Yes
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better

9. How does backbonefast determine whether alternative paths exist?
Port
1- inferior BDPU on blocked-considered alternative - 2-inferior on root-all blocked ports considered alternate - 3-if inferior arrives on root and no blocked ports - assumes loss of connectivity to root
Port with redundant - but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate
Best effort delivery - integrated services model - and differentiated services model

10. How many links can be used in an EtherChannel?
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet
1-enable AAA on switch - 2-define RADIUS servers - 3-define authentication method - 4-enable 802.1x on switch - 5-conf. 802.1x ports - 6-allow hosts
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.

11. How does 802.1q handle COS?
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS
Half because transmitting and receiving stations use the same frequency
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan
TCAM

12. What are the 3 trunk switchport modes?
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
Connects with SONET or SDH
Only on ports that have same static VLANs or trunking. It also modifies parameters of the channel if one of the ports is modified

13. How is an instance defined?
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)
Automatically negotiates a common trunk mode between switches
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses

14. How is 802.1x configured for port security?
Enables switches at the end of the spanning tree branches to have a functioning root port while keeping 1 or more redundant potential ports in blocking mode. When the main fails - the other comes up.
For hosts that doesn't understand routing - the DGW is configured to reply with its own mac
RADIUS
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface

15. What is the LACP priority range?
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability
Port

16. What pins does FE use?
Very high L3 throughput - no access lists or port filtering - redundancy and resilience - advanced QoS
1/2 and 3/6
Real-time functions such as beacons and probes - encryption and interactions with the client at L2
By using a trunk link

17. What is layer 2 roaming?
Compatible with 802.11b - up to 54Mbps in 12 data rates - 3 channels - 2.4Ghz
L2
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)

18. What happens during HSRP failover?
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router
Yes
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured

19. What does the src-mac option do when checking ARP replies
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic
The switch checks the MAC and IP reported in the reply against trusted values. If they don't match - it is dropped and logged
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
Checks the source MAC in the header against the sender MAC in the ARP reply

20. if the switchport is part of an etherchannel - Where is the network assigned
1 IP subnet
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer
To the virtual port-channel interface
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)

21. How does IPT behave when the voice VLAN is in untagged mode?
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk
Normal and aggressive
802.11
SC fiber or RJ-45

22. What is the distribution layer best practice?
With portfast
Route once - switch many
The distribution layer should have only L3 links
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)

23. What feedback mechanism does wireless use?
Globally
63 kbps
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance

24. What is RTP?
All ports where root isn't expected
Globally
Real-time Transport Protocol
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)

25. If a wireless station needs to transmit and another device is transmitting - what happens?
Gets assistance from other NSF-aware neighbors. NSF features need to be built into the routing protocols on router needing and providing assistance
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
Bridge priority and MAC

26. What is DSCP?
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds
When a client roams between Aps in different subnets
Differentiated services code point

27. What is the GLBP AVG?
The DCF interframe space- the random backoff time before a wireless set can transmit
Will trunk if asked
One router is the active virtual gateway - has highest priority or IP in group - answers all ARP requests and gives MAC based on load balancing
Real-time functions such as beacons and probes - encryption and interactions with the client at L2

28. How do you enable CEF?
It is enabled by default on all CEF capable switches
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)

29. How should UDLD be configured?
Frames are forwarded
Root - designated - blocking - alternate - forwarding (host)
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.
The configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay

30. 802.11a
16 - IST gets MSTI 0 - 1-15 are available for use. MSTIs are locally significant to the MST region
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz
If the switch or the powered device doesn't suport power class discovery
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.

31. What is the STP blocking state?
During the time that the FIB entry is in CEF glean waiting for ARP entries - subsequent packet to that host are dropped to keep input queues from filling
Can hear only BDPUs
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen
Weak key rotation

32. What happens when the topology changes?

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33. What is an IST instance?
Within a single MST region - an IST instances runs to work out a loop free topology between links where CST meets the region boundary and all switches in the region. It runs at the boundary.
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
Group (0-255) - priority (1-254 254 is highest - 100 default)
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.

34. What functions does a LAP perform?
Real-time functions such as beacons and probes - encryption and interactions with the client at L2
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS
Configure non-silent submode
The ASIC

35. What does Root Guard do?
LACP port priority
Either desirable or auto mode
Controls where candidate root bridges can be connected and found on a network
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries

36. What happens when switches receive a configuration BDPU?
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured
One router is the active virtual gateway - has highest priority or IP in group - answers all ARP requests and gives MAC based on load balancing
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)

37. What criteria are used to size a switch block?
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port
The ASIC
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent

38. Which ports should you consider trusted for DAI?
Those that connect to other switches
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state
Within a single MST region - an IST instances runs to work out a loop free topology between links where CST meets the region boundary and all switches in the region. It runs at the boundary.
Automatically negotiates a common trunk mode between switches

39. where does L2 switching occur?
The RP listens to a flow's 1st packet for the dest. The SE listens to the packet and dest and puts a shortcut in the MSL cache. Netflow switching - route once - switch many
Root - designated - blocking - alternate - forwarding (host)
Option 43
Between interfaces that are assigned to L2 VLANs or L2 trunks

40. static vlans offer ____ based membership
10-15%
Port
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)
The ASIC

41. Automatically configure STP timers
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports
Use the spanning-tree root macro
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10
RADIUS

42. How far chould a VLAN extend?
1-ID link path costs - 2-ID roodt bridge - 3-select root port (1/switch) - 4-select designated port (1/segment) - 5-ID blocking port
Distribution layer
Real-time functions such as beacons and probes - encryption and interactions with the client at L2
On the left as you face the connector

43. How many tunnels exist between the LAP and WLC?
Checks the destination MAC in the header against the target MAC in the ARP reply
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC
Half-duplex
2 - one for control messages and one for data

44. What is RPVST+?
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state
Hosts associated with a secondary VLAN can communicate with ports on the primary but not with another secondary VLAN
Src-dst-ip

45. How does the CEF L3 engine operate?

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46. What is a VRRP group?
The same as a standby group in HSRP
A point to point port type but the neighboring device runs traditional 802.1D STP
Used when ACLs specify port ranges...used by TCAM
Sends a test tone on the transmit pair. If a device is detected - CDP is used to narrow down the power class.

47. If one end of an Etherchannel (either type) is set to on and the channel doesn't form - what should you check?

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48. What is dynamic desireable?
Yes
The port asks the other end to trunk
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic
Dynamic WEP keys that change periodically

49. How do VRRP routers handle preemption?
A MAC is seen on a different port
The frame tag contains a 3 but portion tagged from 0 (low) to 7 (high)
On by default
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS

50. For QoS - switch uplinks should always be considered as ____ _____?
All ports where root isn't expected
As a VLAN access map
Trusted ports
Plain text or md5