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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is PVST plus (PVST+)?
Allows devices to interoperate with PVST and CST. Can use both dot1q and ISL
No
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root

2. How should the switch port to which a WLC be configured?
Trunk
Turn on port security
Both layer 2 switching and IVR
VTP server for domain null with no password or secure mode

3. unknown unicast flooding
Limits the number if dhcp requests on a port
An AP's coverage area
MAC addresses are learned from the source MAC of incoming frames. If the destination address is unknown - the frame is flooded out all except the receiving port.
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker

4. What is the traditional MLS view of switching?
Route once - switch many
Should be used on access switches - can't be used on root - keeps enabled switch from becoming root by raising priority of switch and all ports - making them undesirable
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.

5. Where should you change the network diameter value?
Cisco recommends only on the root bridge
Distribution layer
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen
1/2 and 3/6

6. What is errdisable pagp-flap?
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.
Limits the number if dhcp requests on a port
LACP port priority

7. Where is loop guard enabled?
Silent
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports
The point at which a switch decides to trust incoming Qos. Usually at boundary with ISP

8. What is the STP hello timer?
Only when a nonedge port transitions to forwarding
The configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
Forces the router to wait for a period of time before attempting overthrow

9. 802.11b
Port
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
1 -2 -5.5 and 11 Mbps - Channels 1/6/11 - 2.4Ghz

10. What does IP source guard do?
Set the native VLAN of a trunk to a bogus or unused VLAN ID then prune the native VLAN off both ends of the trunk
Makes use of the DHCP snooping database and static ip source binding entries. If enabled - switch will test addresses
Configure non-silent submode
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset

11. What does the skinny protocol do?
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p
Only a single host connects . If one BDPU is received - it is no longer an edge port
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine

12. What is the STP listening state?
Frames are forwarded
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC
Can send and receive BDPUs
LWAPP (Cisco proprietary) and CAP-WAP (standards based)

13. How do you configure LACP standby links?
1-(opt) set system priority - 2-select interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-set the mode - 5-(opt) set the port priority
LACP port priority
Tracks of BDPUs on nondesignated ports. When those BDPUs stop coming - the port is put into loop-inconsistent state and blocks
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance

14. What feedback mechanism does wireless use?
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack

15. What is a community secondary VLAN?
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan
The ASIC
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active
Aggregation - high L3 throughput - security and policy based connectivity functions through access lists and packet filters - QoS - scalable high-speed links

16. What are the steps to configuring HSRP MD5 authentication?
A single broadcast domain
1-name the chain - 2-establish a key number - 3-create the key string - 4-apply the chain to the string
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds

17. What is a wall wart?
Frames are forwarded
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.
Silent
Dynamic arp inspection

18. What are the 3 unlicensed frequencies?
The master router can share the VIP
Only when a nonedge port transitions to forwarding
Bridge priority and MAC
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz

19. What does the reload keyword do in HSRP?
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS
1 IP subnet
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow

20. What types of link can an etherchannel be?
That they aren't using the same frequencies.
On the left as you face the connector
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
Access or trunk

21. What is the default VTP state?
VTP server for domain null with no password or secure mode
Limits the number if dhcp requests on a port
Show standby
1500B

22. What is a bridge ID made up of?
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate
By configuring every switch port to have an expected and controlled behavior
Bridge priority and MAC

23. What is the access layer best practice?
802.1D
Port with redundant - but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.
On by default

24. How doed backbonefast work?
1 -2 -5.5 and 11 Mbps - Channels 1/6/11 - 2.4Ghz
The TOS field in the header is used. 2 methods 3 bits or 6 bits
By short-circuiting the max age timer
0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is six 0 bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group numberr. Yyyy is the virtual forwarder number

25. What is a PVLAN?
As a VLAN access map
All ports where root isn't expected
Interim solution - uses same hardware as WEP - but uses TKIP encryption
A private VLAN can be logically associated with a special secondary vlan

26. What is the default network diameter?
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers
Critical...used most often for IPT
7 switches from root bridge

27. What can cause a wireless client to switch between Aps?
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal
RADIUS

28. What is a proxy arp?

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29. How is a QoS trust bondary configured?
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)
Differentiated services code point
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies

30. What is the cost of a 1Gbps link?
Distribution layer
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD
Value - mask - and result (VMR) combinations
4

31. What is a discard adjacency?
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID
SC fiber or RJ-45
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action

32. What are the 6 HSRP states?
The port asks the other end to trunk
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active
With the skinny protocol

33. can root guard and bdpu guard be used together?
No
Flash override (class 4)
Turn on port security
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)

34. If you want IP source guard to detect spoofed MAC addresses - what must you do?
Turn on port security
With portfast
Port with best root path cost
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches

35. What does a LAP do if it loses communication with it's WLC?
Distribution layer
Reboots and searches for a new WLC
Switches make an effort to move packets as quickly as possible
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches

36. What is topology-basec caching?
The topology is pre-populated by downloading the topology DB into the FIB and dynamically updated. Called Cisco Express Forwarding
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
19

37. What is the distribution layer best practice?
No
The distribution layer should have only L3 links
Both ends should be on because on modes doesn't send PAgP or LACP packets
A private VLAN can be logically associated with a special secondary vlan

38. What is a BSS?
Allows devices to interoperate with PVST and CST. Can use both dot1q and ISL
Flash override (class 4)
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.
As a VLAN access map

39. How does UDLD work?
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced
Group (0-255) - priority (1-254 254 is highest - 100 default)
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD
Value - mask - and result (VMR) combinations

40. RSTP root port
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block
Switched Virtual Interface - an L3 address can be assigned to a logical interface that represents an entire VLAN - which becomes the DGW for that VLAN
The configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay
Port with best root path cost

41. How much overlap should a wireless repeater have?
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10
Roughly 50%
Port with redundant - but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate
Flash (class 3)

42. What ILP mode are all ports in by default?
Auto mode
The ASIC
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec
No

43. How do you configure DAI for statically configured IP addresses?
They should be an unconditional Etherchannel because the WLC can't negotiate a channel.
A TCN BDPU is sent out of the switch's root port. The switch will continue sending TCN's every hello interval until ack'd by upstream neighbor. The root bridge will send a Config BDPU to all switches
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings
The distribution layer should have only L3 links

44. Which ports should you consider trusted for DAI?
Those that connect to other switches
5 (0-4 with 4 being the highest)
Aggregation - high L3 throughput - security and policy based connectivity functions through access lists and packet filters - QoS - scalable high-speed links
The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance

45. If there are 2 ports with same root cost - how is the tie broken for designated port?
If the switch or the powered device doesn't suport power class discovery
1-lowest root bridge ID - 2-lowest root path cost - 3-lowest bridgeID - 4-lowest port ID
On by default
Collision domain

46. What is the adjacency table?
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry
Hold time is 3xhello. A skew time of 256ms-routerpriority)/256ms is added
134 bits - consisting of source and destination addresses and protocol information from the packet or frame

47. What is Per VLAN STP (PVST)?
Those that connect to other switches
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q
Priority (class 1)
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer

48. What is the format of the VRRP virtual MAC?
0000.5e00.01xx
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP
Single instance of STP for all VLANs. BDPUs are sent over trunks using the native VLAN with untagged frames. Dot1q based
L2

49. What is the default MTU?
1500B
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p
Manually
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets

50. What is a baby giant frame?
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers
A MAC is seen on a different port
A private VLAN can be logically associated with a special secondary vlan
Sets the switchport mode to access - enables portfast - and turns off channel grouping for the port