Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the PVLAN promiscuous mode?
Within a single MST region - an IST instances runs to work out a loop free topology between links where CST meets the region boundary and all switches in the region. It runs at the boundary.
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports
Control functions
Connects to a router - firewall - or gateway. Can communicate with anything else connected to the primary or any secondary. Ignores pvlan config


2. What does port-security restrict do?
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated
1500B


3. How do you disable DTP when you configure both ends of the ISL manually?
Real-time functions such as beacons and probes - encryption and interactions with the client at L2
If a unidirectional link is detected - the port continues normally - but the port is marked as undetermined and a syslog is generated
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack
Switchpotrt nonegotiate


4. What criteria are used to size a switch block?
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains
With the skinny protocol
Aggregation - high L3 throughput - security and policy based connectivity functions through access lists and packet filters - QoS - scalable high-speed links
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table


5. RSTP BPDU structure
Some unused bits are used to allow a port to identify its role and state. Also the BDPUs state that they are V2 BDPUs
Each network device handles packets individually with no advance reservations
The total delay from start to finish
Almost eliminates listening and learning states for single hosts on an access link


6. What is a CEF punt?

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7. How is DHCP snooping enabled (scope)?
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p
Globally
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.


8. What is an ESS?
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC
300 sec by default
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1


9. At what layer does EAPOL run?
It can't
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz
A host port goes up or down
L2


10. can root guard and udld be used together?
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary
Yes
Dynamic WEP keys that change periodically
Auto mode


11. What is dynamic desireable?
The port asks the other end to trunk
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses
Silent
FE - GE - and aggregated FE/GE Etherchannels


12. RSTP point to point port
Checks the source MAC in the header against the sender MAC in the ARP reply
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port


13. How does ISL do trunking?
The L3 forwarding engine can't forward the packet in hardware because there is no L2 next-hop address - so the packet is sent to the L3 engine to generate the ARP response
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves
The port will operate under 802.1D rules. If they are received on the same port - it will run 802.1D until the migration delay expires
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer


14. How do IP phones communicate with each other?
The point at which a switch decides to trust incoming Qos. Usually at boundary with ISP
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk


15. What is RPR+?

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16. What method of QOS does voice traffic use most frequently?
To the virtual port-channel interface
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry
Differentiated services


17. Define VRRP
Local only
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)
MST attributes must be manually entereed on each switch in the region. They don' t propagate like VTP.
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP


18. What is the default mode of load balancing?
Src-dst-ip
Bridge priority and MAC
One router is the active virtual gateway - has highest priority or IP in group - answers all ARP requests and gives MAC based on load balancing
On ports where you never expect to find a root bridge for a VLAN


19. What is a cell?

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20. What is a drop adjacency?

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21. How much BW does a voip connection use?
Trunk
12 kbps with headers and compression
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.


22. Does GLBP allow preemption?
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)
Yes
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate
Connects to a router - firewall - or gateway. Can communicate with anything else connected to the primary or any secondary. Ignores pvlan config


23. If there are 2 ports with same root cost - how is the tie broken for designated port?
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
5 (0-4 with 4 being the highest)
Distribution layer
1-lowest root bridge ID - 2-lowest root path cost - 3-lowest bridgeID - 4-lowest port ID


24. How is RSTP synchronization accomplished?
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root
224.0.0.2 (all routers)


25. What does a LAP do if it loses communication with it's WLC?
Reboots and searches for a new WLC
Edge - root - and point to point
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow
Compatible with 802.11b - up to 54Mbps in 12 data rates - 3 channels - 2.4Ghz


26. What are the 6 steps to configure 802.1x for port security?
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan
1-enable AAA on switch - 2-define RADIUS servers - 3-define authentication method - 4-enable 802.1x on switch - 5-conf. 802.1x ports - 6-allow hosts
Manually
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches


27. RSTP uses which standard?
It's a router that maintains routes (static or dynamic) - and populates the FIB
Can send and receive BDPUs
It can't
802.1w


28. What are the 3 unlicensed frequencies?
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)
Single instance of STP for all VLANs. BDPUs are sent over trunks using the native VLAN with untagged frames. Dot1q based
Plain text or md5


29. What are 2 ways to configure VLAN and VTP information?
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers
When a specific interface is tracked - HSRP reduces it's priority after a specified interval.
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy


30. How does HSRP port tracking work?

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31. How do you find duplex mismatches?
Either desirable or auto mode
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10
Trunk


32. What does the standby HSRP router do?
Globally
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router
As a VLAN access map
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another


33. What does the epoch number indicate when looking at cef entries?
Yes
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router
Incoming frames dropped - but MACs learned
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole


34. What are the 3 RSTP port types?
Packets must be sent to the L3 engine for further processing
Edge - root - and point to point
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
Sends a voltage across the receive pairs to detect a 25k ohm resistance


35. what I s distributed CEF (dCEF)?
300 sec
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)
Auto mode


36. What is the STP learning state?
1-(opt) set system priority - 2-select interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-set the mode - 5-(opt) set the port priority
No shut
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses


37. What is the default network diameter?
7 switches from root bridge
Can send and receive BDPUs
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry
If a unidirectional link is detected - the port continues normally - but the port is marked as undetermined and a syslog is generated


38. What is a PVLAN?
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
A private VLAN can be logically associated with a special secondary vlan
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP


39. What are the RSTP port roles?
The port is forced to always authorize any connected client with no authentication necessary (default)
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
Differentiated services code point
12 kbps with headers and compression


40. What is the STP forward delay timer?
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds
Root
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config


41. What is the LACP priority range?
0-255 (lower is better)
Either desirable or auto mode
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability
Critical...used most often for IPT


42. What is SSO?

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43. What is the duration time in a wireless frame?
Configure and enable DHCP snooping
Every hello interval regardless of whether BDPUs are received from root - allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology
Yes
Each frame transmits its expected duration time


44. What is the cost of a 100Mbps link?
19
16 - IST gets MSTI 0 - 1-15 are available for use. MSTIs are locally significant to the MST region
Connects to a router - firewall - or gateway. Can communicate with anything else connected to the primary or any secondary. Ignores pvlan config
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine


45. How does an LAP bind with a WLC?
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.
The same as a standby group in HSRP


46. What is a root link query (RLQ)?
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge
All user ports that have portfast enabled
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.


47. How does a DAI enabled switch gather trusted ARP info?
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC
Can hear only BDPUs
Used to switch packets destined for the null interface
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries


48. How do you configure DAI for statically configured IP addresses?
The redundant SUP is booted and sup and route engine is init'd. No L2 or L3 functions are started. Allows switchports to retain state
Control functions
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings
FIB


49. How is a WLC handoff handled when the WLCs are in different subnets?
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
Single instance of STP for all VLANs. BDPUs are sent over trunks using the native VLAN with untagged frames. Dot1q based
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses
802.1D


50. How does VRRP do tracking?

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