CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is a proxy arp?

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2. Automatically configure STP timers
No
Port with redundant - but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate
The switch adds its MAC to the option 82 field so that the DHCP reply echoes back the switch's own information
Use the spanning-tree root macro


3. How does every VRRP command begin?
They disguise the origin of an attack
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number
Roughly 2000
19


4. RSTP point to point port
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port
Show standby
Roughly 2000
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions


5. What is layer 3 roaming?
No
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better
When a client roams between Aps in different subnets


6. How do you disable DTP when you configure both ends of the ISL manually?
No
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds
Causes switch to actively determine whether alternative paths exist to root bridge in case ther eis an indirect failure


7. What is the format of the VRRP virtual MAC?
LACP port priority
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby
0000.5e00.01xx


8. Can loop guard and udld be used together?
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.
Yes
1-name the chain - 2-establish a key number - 3-create the key string - 4-apply the chain to the string


9. What is the GLBP group and priority range
Silent
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)


10. What is DSCP?
Differentiated services code point
Automatically using DTP and CDP
It updates the L2 headers with the proper src and dst MAC - L3 TTL - L3 checksum - and L2 checksum information
Embeds the tag within the frame


11. If one end of an Etherchannel (either type) is set to on and the channel doesn't form - what should you check?

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12. What is a LACP priority?
0-255
LACP port priority
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)


13. Of what significance are private VLANs
Src-ip - dst-ip - src-dst-ip - src-mac - dst-mac - src-dst-mac - src-port - dst-port - src-dst-port
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz
Local only
Globally


14. At what layer should the WLC be connected?
Some unused bits are used to allow a port to identify its role and state. Also the BDPUs state that they are V2 BDPUs
Distribution
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen
Every hello interval regardless of whether BDPUs are received from root - allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology


15. What is an autonomous mode AP?
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.


16. What are the caveats for HSRP port tracking?
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up
Almost eliminates listening and learning states for single hosts on an access link
On the left as you face the connector
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies


17. What are the 6 steps to configure 802.1x for port security?
On by default
1-enable AAA on switch - 2-define RADIUS servers - 3-define authentication method - 4-enable 802.1x on switch - 5-conf. 802.1x ports - 6-allow hosts
Prevents the dhcp binding DB from being checked.
Reboots and searches for a new WLC


18. what must be done on an SVI before it is activated?
No shut
Src-ip - dst-ip - src-dst-ip - src-mac - dst-mac - src-dst-mac - src-port - dst-port - src-dst-port
A MAC is seen on a different port
When a port moves into forwarding or from fowarding or learning to blocking.


19. How are VACLs configured?
As a VLAN access map
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet
Those that connect to other switches


20. What is RPR+?

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21. By default - what layer do catalyst switchports operate on?
L2
By using a trunk link
Enables switches at the end of the spanning tree branches to have a functioning root port while keeping 1 or more redundant potential ports in blocking mode. When the main fails - the other comes up.
On the left as you face the connector


22. What are the 3 unlicensed frequencies?
Turn on port security
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz
1 per segment
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers


23. How do you configure a DHCP gateway?
Automatically by duplex mode in use. Full duplex are point ot point. Half duplex ports use traditional 802.1D convergence is used.
If a unidirectional link is detected - the port continues normally - but the port is marked as undetermined and a syslog is generated
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server
Src-dst-ip


24. what should you do if you expect a PAgP capable switch at the other end vs. a server or host?
Configure non-silent submode
A host port goes up or down
802.1w
1-LAP gets a DHCP address - 2-LAP learns IP of available WLC - 3-LAP sends a join request to WLC and receives join reply - 4-WLC sends code image - if necessary - 5-Tunnels are created


25. How does IPT behave when the voice VLAN is in untagged mode?
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk
The total delay from start to finish
Any dhcp reply coming from an untrusted port is discarded and the offending port is put in errdisable


26. What are the 4 steps in DHCP negotiation?
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack
The master router can share the VIP
To the virtual port-channel interface
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network


27. If a port is configured for errdisable auto recovery - how long does it stay down?
Src-ip - dst-ip - src-dst-ip - src-mac - dst-mac - src-dst-mac - src-port - dst-port - src-dst-port
Variation in delay
300 sec by default
Root


28. How does the CEF L3 engine operate?

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29. What is the default network diameter?
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs
7 switches from root bridge


30. What does Root Guard do?
Controls where candidate root bridges can be connected and found on a network
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN
1 to 64
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged


31. What happens when switches receive a configuration BDPU?
Sets the switchport mode to access - enables portfast - and turns off channel grouping for the port
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)
Half-duplex


32. How is a WLC handoff handled when the WLCs are in different subnets?
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
0-255
Hold time is 3xhello. A skew time of 256ms-routerpriority)/256ms is added


33. What is an ESS?
Tracks of BDPUs on nondesignated ports. When those BDPUs stop coming - the port is put into loop-inconsistent state and blocks
Lowest cumulative cost to root
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.
By sending a gratuitous ARP


34. How do you find duplex mismatches?
Automatically using DTP and CDP
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10
Embeds the tag within the frame
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic


35. 802.11b
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)
1 -2 -5.5 and 11 Mbps - Channels 1/6/11 - 2.4Ghz
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM


36. What are the PAgP negotiation modes
No
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary
134 bits - consisting of source and destination addresses and protocol information from the packet or frame


37. When looking at the sh spanning tree output - What does P2P denote?
A point to point port type
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds
Port with redundant - but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate
Both layer 2 switching and IVR


38. How can you tell if a switch block is too large?
Both layer 2 switching and IVR
Tracks of BDPUs on nondesignated ports. When those BDPUs stop coming - the port is put into loop-inconsistent state and blocks
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker


39. What is the VRRP skew time?
Hold time is 3xhello. A skew time of 256ms-routerpriority)/256ms is added
With portfast
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.
If a unidirectional link is detected - the switch doesn't try to reestablish the link. ULD msgs are sent once/sec for 8 seconds - then the port is err-disabled


40. What are the characteristics of the access layer?
Value - mask - and result (VMR) combinations
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value
Control functions
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS


41. What is a drop adjacency?

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42. If a wireless station needs to transmit and no other device is transmitting - what happens?
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack


43. What is a wireless mobility group?
Forces the router to wait for a period of time before attempting overthrow
The master router can share the VIP
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group
The port will operate under 802.1D rules. If they are received on the same port - it will run 802.1D until the migration delay expires


44. What is the STP listening state?
Full duplex
One that can be detected on a switch interface (ie. Up/down)
1 IP subnet
Can send and receive BDPUs


45. What is integrated services model QOS?
Checks the source MAC in the header against the sender MAC in the ARP reply
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.
Weak key rotation


46. RSTP learning state
On ports where you never expect to find a root bridge for a VLAN
Incoming frames dropped - but MACs learned
Should be used on access switches - can't be used on root - keeps enabled switch from becoming root by raising priority of switch and all ports - making them undesirable
Globally


47. What is the STP Max Age timer?
Change in trunk encap
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings


48. At what layer does EAPOL run?
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds
A port can only forward or relay BDPUs - but can't receive them - disabled by default - enabled per-port - blocks port when superior BDPUs are received
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries
L2


49. What routing protocols support NSF?
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.
0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is six 0 bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group numberr. Yyyy is the virtual forwarder number
The active router. All other routers are in backup state
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP


50. What is UDLD normal mode?
4
5 (0-4 with 4 being the highest)
If a unidirectional link is detected - the port continues normally - but the port is marked as undetermined and a syslog is generated
Turn on port security