CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. When are RSTP bdpus sent?
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
Globally
Every hello interval regardless of whether BDPUs are received from root - allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology


2. RSTP alternate port
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root


3. How is a WLC handoff handled when the WLCs are in different subnets?
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.
By using an Ether-IP tunnel


4. How does a LAP and a WLC authenticate between each other?
300 sec by default
Using digital certificates
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.
The port uses 802.1x exchange to move from unauthorized to authorized. Requires app on client


5. CAM table entries are purged when....
1- enable MST - 2-enter MST config mode - 3-assign region name and region configuration rev - 4-map vlans to an MSTI - 5-show pending changes - 6- commit by exiting
A point to point port type
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p
A MAC is seen on a different port


6. Each switch port is a _____ ______
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.
Collision domain
They should be an unconditional Etherchannel because the WLC can't negotiate a channel.
0000.5e00.01xx


7. What if RSTP BDPUs aren't received?
63 kbps
FIB
Local only
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged


8. How much overlap should a wireless repeater have?
Roughly 50%
Automatically by duplex mode in use. Full duplex are point ot point. Half duplex ports use traditional 802.1D convergence is used.
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine
The distribution layer should have only L3 links


9. How does HSRP election work?
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker


10. what do multilayer switches do?
Globally
Cisco recommends only on the root bridge
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number
Both layer 2 switching and IVR


11. What does the RP do?
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.
Route once - switch many
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value


12. What is a BSS?
Globally
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated


13. What does the skinny protocol do?
Cisco ILP and 802.3af
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP
The switch adds its MAC to the option 82 field so that the DHCP reply echoes back the switch's own information
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM


14. What is an end to end vlan?
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric
1- inferior BDPU on blocked-considered alternative - 2-inferior on root-all blocked ports considered alternate - 3-if inferior arrives on root and no blocked ports - assumes loss of connectivity to root
802.11
Enables switches at the end of the spanning tree branches to have a functioning root port while keeping 1 or more redundant potential ports in blocking mode. When the main fails - the other comes up.


15. What is a CEF punt?

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16. When looking at the sh spanning tree output - What does P2P peer(STP) denote?
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies
A point to point port type but the neighboring device runs traditional 802.1D STP
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)
Single instance of STP for all VLANs. BDPUs are sent over trunks using the native VLAN with untagged frames. Dot1q based


17. How is RSTP synchronization accomplished?
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.
An AP's coverage area
Collision domain


18. What types of ports autonegotiate?
FE and GE
By using a hash of a key string
Automatically negotiates a common trunk mode between switches
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies


19. How does VRRP do tracking?

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20. What is the STP disabled state?
Makes use of the DHCP snooping database and static ip source binding entries. If enabled - switch will test addresses
Admin down
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM
On root - because the root bridge propagates timers with config BDPU


21. What is a cell?

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22. How do you renable an err-disable port by default?
If a unidirectional link is detected - the switch doesn't try to reestablish the link. ULD msgs are sent once/sec for 8 seconds - then the port is err-disabled
Only for the offending VLAN on the port
Flash override (class 4)
Manually


23. How often are HSRP hellos sent?
Real-time Transport Protocol
Between interfaces that are assigned to L2 VLANs or L2 trunks
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1


24. What is latency?
The total delay from start to finish
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance
FE and GE


25. What can cause a wireless client to switch between Aps?
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over specified VLAN - voice QOS is 802.1p
Discarding - learning - forwarding
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal
Access or trunk


26. What address does HSRP send hello packets to?
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
Promiscuous and host
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal
224.0.0.2 (all routers)


27. What are the characteristics of the access layer?
Gets assistance from other NSF-aware neighbors. NSF features need to be built into the routing protocols on router needing and providing assistance
2 seconds (def)
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS


28. When a host is connected to a switchport - why aren't frame errors propagated?
Critical...used most often for IPT
Very high L3 throughput - no access lists or port filtering - redundancy and resilience - advanced QoS
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action
Because each frame is checked


29. what should you do if you expect a PAgP capable switch at the other end vs. a server or host?
Configure non-silent submode
Using digital certificates
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings
Globally


30. How does 802.1q handle COS?
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)
The total delay from start to finish
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block


31. How many designated ports are there?
Turn on port security
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.
1 per segment
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface


32. What is the RSTP default hello interval?
2 seconds
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root


33. What are the steps to configure MST?
1-(opt) configure load balancing - 2-select the interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-select the mode and submode
A point to point port type but the neighboring device runs traditional 802.1D STP
It's a router that maintains routes (static or dynamic) - and populates the FIB
1- enable MST - 2-enter MST config mode - 3-assign region name and region configuration rev - 4-map vlans to an MSTI - 5-show pending changes - 6- commit by exiting


34. What is differentiated services model QOS?
Cisco ILP and 802.3af
Each network device handles packets individually with no advance reservations
1- inferior BDPU on blocked-considered alternative - 2-inferior on root-all blocked ports considered alternate - 3-if inferior arrives on root and no blocked ports - assumes loss of connectivity to root
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds


35. If a wireless station needs to transmit and another device is transmitting - what happens?
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
Admin down
No
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD


36. FE connectors use...
1 per segment
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
Port with best root path cost
Needs hardware upgrade over WEP - uses AES encryption


37. When looking at the sh spanning tree output - What does P2P denote?
They disguise the origin of an attack
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP
A point to point port type
Half-duplex


38. What is DSCP codepoint AF31(26)?
They must be carried over a voice VLAN (VVID) or over a regular data VLAN (ie. The native VLAN or the PVID)
Flash (class 3)
With portfast
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.


39. What is the default network diameter?
No
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports
7 switches from root bridge
Yes


40. What is the IEEE standard for STP?
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active
Port with best root path cost on segment
802.1D
Trusted ports


41. What are the PAgP negotiation modes
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)
1/2 and 3/6
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)
MST attributes must be manually entereed on each switch in the region. They don' t propagate like VTP.


42. What happens when an ARP reply is received on an untrusted port?

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43. What is SSO?

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44. Where is bdpu guard enabled?
Yes
All user ports that have portfast enabled
By creating a static IP binding
Manually


45. How should the switch port to which an autonomous AP be configured?
By short-circuiting the max age timer
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports
To the virtual port-channel interface
Trunk


46. What ILP mode are all ports in by default?
10-15%
2
Auto mode
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec


47. What is a VRRP group?
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it
1-ID link path costs - 2-ID roodt bridge - 3-select root port (1/switch) - 4-select designated port (1/segment) - 5-ID blocking port
The same as a standby group in HSRP
The port asks the other end to trunk


48. How does IPT behave when the voice VLAN is in untagged mode?
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)
Disabled - blocking - listening - learning - forwarding
That they aren't using the same frequencies.
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk


49. What is dynamic desireable?
Src-dst-ip
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value
The port asks the other end to trunk
1-name the chain - 2-establish a key number - 3-create the key string - 4-apply the chain to the string


50. How does a Cisco IP phone connect upstream?
Can send and receive BDPUs
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)
Via an 802.1Q trunk or a single VLAN access port