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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the 3 ways GLBP load-balances?
The RP listens to a flow's 1st packet for the dest. The SE listens to the packet and dest and puts a shortcut in the MSL cache. Netflow switching - route once - switch many
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
Best effort delivery - integrated services model - and differentiated services model
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group

2. On what scope is DAI enabled?
300 sec by default
1 IP subnet
Yes
Per VLAN

3. Where should you change the network diameter value?
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group
1 IP subnet
Cisco recommends only on the root bridge
That they aren't using the same frequencies.

4. How does the VRRP master router handle the VIP?
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk
The TOS field in the header is used. 2 methods 3 bits or 6 bits
10-15%
The master router can share the VIP

5. What is dynamic desireable?
They must be carried over a voice VLAN (VVID) or over a regular data VLAN (ie. The native VLAN or the PVID)
The port asks the other end to trunk
Globally
Trunk

6. What is a baby giant frame?
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers
The DCF interframe space- the random backoff time before a wireless set can transmit
All ports where root isn't expected

7. Where does layer switching occur?
The RP listens to a flow's 1st packet for the dest. The SE listens to the packet and dest and puts a shortcut in the MSL cache. Netflow switching - route once - switch many
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.
Between any type of interface as long as the interface can have an L3 address assigned
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table

8. What is DSCP codepoint AF21(18)?
Immediate (class 2)
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions
A port can only forward or relay BDPUs - but can't receive them - disabled by default - enabled per-port - blocks port when superior BDPUs are received
Those that connect to other switches

9. How does ILP do power discovery?
No
Sends a test tone on the transmit pair. If a device is detected - CDP is used to narrow down the power class.
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP
By sending a gratuitous ARP

10. What is an ESS?
Causes switch to actively determine whether alternative paths exist to root bridge in case ther eis an indirect failure
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.
10-15%

11. What does the RP do?
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings
Roughly 2000
1 per segment
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it

12. What does Root Guard do?
Controls where candidate root bridges can be connected and found on a network
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
Immediate (class 2)
Very high L3 throughput - no access lists or port filtering - redundancy and resilience - advanced QoS

13. How does HSRP plain text authentication work?
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge
A key string of up to 8 characters is sent. Default is cisco.
By short-circuiting the max age timer
1 per segment

14. How are RSTP point to point ports determined?
If the switch or the powered device doesn't suport power class discovery
The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance
Multicasts to 224.0.0.18 (VRRP)
Automatically by duplex mode in use. Full duplex are point ot point. Half duplex ports use traditional 802.1D convergence is used.

15. What is the bridge priority range?
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate
300 sec by default
Prevents the dhcp binding DB from being checked.
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better

16. 802.11a
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP
The port uses 802.1x exchange to move from unauthorized to authorized. Requires app on client

17. How is a WLC handoff handled when the WLCs are in different subnets?
0000.5e00.01xx
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal
By short-circuiting the max age timer

18. How many links can be used in an EtherChannel?
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.
Both layer 2 switching and IVR
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy

19. What address does HSRP send hello packets to?
224.0.0.2 (all routers)
If the switch or the powered device doesn't suport power class discovery
It is enabled by default on all CEF capable switches
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz

20. What are the 5 STP states?
Used to switch packets that can't be forwarded normallly due to an encapsulation failure - unresolved address - unsupported protocol - etc.
A private VLAN can be logically associated with a special secondary vlan
MST attributes must be manually entereed on each switch in the region. They don' t propagate like VTP.
Disabled - blocking - listening - learning - forwarding

21. What is jitter?
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.
Variation in delay
Configure and enable DHCP snooping
Regions and instances

22. What are dynamic VLANs based on?
Allows devices to interoperate with PVST and CST. Can use both dot1q and ISL
MAC of the end device
1-ID link path costs - 2-ID roodt bridge - 3-select root port (1/switch) - 4-select designated port (1/segment) - 5-ID blocking port
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy

23. How is root port decided upon?
Lowest cumulative cost to root
All user ports that have portfast enabled
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
Checks the sender's ip in all arp requests and checks the sender's IP against target IP in all replies

24. What is backbonefast?
Causes switch to actively determine whether alternative paths exist to root bridge in case ther eis an indirect failure
SC fiber or RJ-45
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack
Connects to a router - firewall - or gateway. Can communicate with anything else connected to the primary or any secondary. Ignores pvlan config

25. What is a direct topology change?
Port
Enables switches at the end of the spanning tree branches to have a functioning root port while keeping 1 or more redundant potential ports in blocking mode. When the main fails - the other comes up.
Trunk
One that can be detected on a switch interface (ie. Up/down)

26. What are the 3 redundant supervisor modes?
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO
4
Root - designated - blocking - alternate - forwarding (host)
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets

27. How does every HSRP config command begin?
No
The RP listens to a flow's 1st packet for the dest. The SE listens to the packet and dest and puts a shortcut in the MSL cache. Netflow switching - route once - switch many
LACP port priority
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number

28. How many MST instances can be in a region?
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability
16 - IST gets MSTI 0 - 1-15 are available for use. MSTIs are locally significant to the MST region
19
Switches make an effort to move packets as quickly as possible

29. What 2 tunnelling mechanisms do the LAP and WLC use to communicate?
LWAPP (Cisco proprietary) and CAP-WAP (standards based)
Option 43
Silent
19

30. How is Root Guard used?
All ports where root isn't expected
Needs hardware upgrade over WEP - uses AES encryption
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
On ports where you never expect to find a root bridge for a VLAN

31. What are the 4 steps in DHCP negotiation?
16 - IST gets MSTI 0 - 1-15 are available for use. MSTIs are locally significant to the MST region
It updates the L2 headers with the proper src and dst MAC - L3 TTL - L3 checksum - and L2 checksum information
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)

32. What is DSCP codepoint EF(46)?
By configuring every switch port to have an expected and controlled behavior
Each network device handles packets individually with no advance reservations
Critical...used most often for IPT
Plain text or md5

33. What is errdisable pagp-flap?
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config
All ports where root isn't expected
Variation in delay
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.

34. How does loop guard block ports?
The switch checks the MAC and IP reported in the reply against trusted values. If they don't match - it is dropped and logged
Only for the offending VLAN on the port
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses
Any dhcp reply coming from an untrusted port is discarded and the offending port is put in errdisable

35. How should the switch port to which an autonomous AP be configured?
Trunk
Control functions
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies
The distribution layer should have only L3 links

36. What are 2 ways to configure VLAN and VTP information?
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)

37. What are the 4 steps to extend QoS trust?
Trusted or untrusted
They disguise the origin of an attack
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP

38. What is differentiated services model QOS?
300 sec by default
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole
2 - one for control messages and one for data
Each network device handles packets individually with no advance reservations

39. What is a vlan?
A single broadcast domain
Distribution layer
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router
Yes

40. What is the duration time in a wireless frame?
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.
Automatically using DTP and CDP
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block
Each frame transmits its expected duration time

41. What is DSCP codepoint AF41(34)?
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root
Flash override (class 4)
Can hear only BDPUs

42. What functions does a WLC perform?
Control functions
Per VLAN
Usually QoS from VOIP but not PC dataa
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric

43. What is the LACP priority range?
Sends a voltage across the receive pairs to detect a 25k ohm resistance
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability
Incoming frames dropped - but MACs learned

44. How does DSCP handle IP precedence?
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server
MAC of the end device
Cisco recommends only on the root bridge
5 classes with 3 drop precedences

45. What is BDPU Guard?
Port with best root path cost
1 IP subnet
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state
Src-ip - dst-ip - src-dst-ip - src-mac - dst-mac - src-dst-mac - src-port - dst-port - src-dst-port

46. How are BDPUs spread?
Data and voice over native vlan no QOS and no 802.1p trunk
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack
A host port goes up or down

47. How many tunnels exist between the LAP and WLC?
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset
Between interfaces that are assigned to L2 VLANs or L2 trunks
2 - one for control messages and one for data

48. What does the epoch number indicate when looking at cef entries?
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM

49. What does the ip option do when checking ARP replies

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50. RSTP learning state
Incoming frames dropped - but MACs learned
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance
Using digital certificates
Port is forced to never authorize any connected client