CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the default 802.3af power class and its use?

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2. What is route caching?

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3. What is a proxy arp?

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4. How much BW does a voip connection use?
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.
12 kbps with headers and compression
1-(opt) configure load balancing - 2-select the interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-select the mode and submode


5. Where is bdpu guard enabled?
1 -2 -5.5 and 11 Mbps - Channels 1/6/11 - 2.4Ghz
All user ports that have portfast enabled
Via an 802.1Q trunk or a single VLAN access port
No


6. How do Cisco IP phones communicate with the CCM?
Real-time Transport Protocol
The switch checks the MAC and IP reported in the reply against trusted values. If they don't match - it is dropped and logged
With the skinny protocol
1 IP subnet


7. What is an SVI?
Switched Virtual Interface - an L3 address can be assigned to a logical interface that represents an entire VLAN - which becomes the DGW for that VLAN
It can't
MST attributes must be manually entereed on each switch in the region. They don' t propagate like VTP.
Nonstop forwarding is an interactive method focusing on rebuilding the RIB after SUP switchover


8. What are the characteristics of the core layer
By creating a static IP binding
Prevents the dhcp binding DB from being checked.
Very high L3 throughput - no access lists or port filtering - redundancy and resilience - advanced QoS
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO


9. What does the rewrite engine do?
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.
It updates the L2 headers with the proper src and dst MAC - L3 TTL - L3 checksum - and L2 checksum information
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID


10. How does Root Guard work?

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11. What is the distribution layer best practice?
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate
Access or trunk
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced
The distribution layer should have only L3 links


12. What is a wireless mobility group?
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group
Can send and receive BDPUs
Compatible with 802.11b - up to 54Mbps in 12 data rates - 3 channels - 2.4Ghz


13. What is the size of a TCAM value?
134 bits - consisting of source and destination addresses and protocol information from the packet or frame
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
If a unidirectional link is detected - the port continues normally - but the port is marked as undetermined and a syslog is generated
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action


14. What does the skinny protocol do?
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number
224.0.0.2 (all routers)
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM
Globally or per-port


15. How should the switch port to which an autonomous AP be configured?
2 seconds
If a unidirectional link is detected - the port continues normally - but the port is marked as undetermined and a syslog is generated
Trunk
1 IP subnet


16. How does DAI work?
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches


17. What is the GLBP redirect timer?
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)
Access
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD


18. What is the switch block?
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10
4
When a specific interface is tracked - HSRP reduces it's priority after a specified interval.
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches


19. What is a CEF punt?

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20. What are the 5 steps a LAP uses to establish communication with a WLC?
Value - mask - and result (VMR) combinations
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced
Should be used on access switches - can't be used on root - keeps enabled switch from becoming root by raising priority of switch and all ports - making them undesirable
1-LAP gets a DHCP address - 2-LAP learns IP of available WLC - 3-LAP sends a join request to WLC and receives join reply - 4-WLC sends code image - if necessary - 5-Tunnels are created


21. What is the STP forwarding state?
The ASIC
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs
224.0.0.2 (all routers)
An AP's coverage area


22. if the switchport is part of an etherchannel - Where is the network assigned
To the virtual port-channel interface
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack
0-255 (lower is better)


23. What is the RSTP default hello interval?
2 seconds
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.
0-255 (lower is better)
Route once - switch many


24. What is the default mode of load balancing?
Src-dst-ip
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves
During the time that the FIB entry is in CEF glean waiting for ARP entries - subsequent packet to that host are dropped to keep input queues from filling
Prevents the dhcp binding DB from being checked.


25. What is a root link query (RLQ)?
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state
1 -2 -5.5 and 11 Mbps - Channels 1/6/11 - 2.4Ghz
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge


26. What is the duration time in a wireless frame?
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers
Each frame transmits its expected duration time
A point to point port type
A port can only forward or relay BDPUs - but can't receive them - disabled by default - enabled per-port - blocks port when superior BDPUs are received


27. What is DSCP codepoint AF41(34)?
The distribution layer should have only L3 links
Flash override (class 4)
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better
Trusted or untrusted


28. How does HSRP gateway addressing work
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group
0-255 (lower is better)
Each physical interface has a different IP address. All physical interfaces point to a virtual interface called the standby address or VIP
Disabled - blocking - listening - learning - forwarding


29. If a wireless station needs to transmit and no other device is transmitting - what happens?
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q
RADIUS
Control functions


30. How do you prevent switch spoofing?
Access or trunk
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.
By configuring every switch port to have an expected and controlled behavior
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)


31. How should UDLD be configured?
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN
Roughly 50%
Will trunk if asked
The configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay


32. What is the LACP priority range?
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability
Port with best root path cost
Stateful switchover - redundant sup is fully booted and init'd. Both start and run config are synched as is L2 information - and switchinterfaces.
Yes to both


33. What is 802.1x auto?
Connects with SONET or SDH
134 bits - consisting of source and destination addresses and protocol information from the packet or frame
Change in trunk encap
The port uses 802.1x exchange to move from unauthorized to authorized. Requires app on client


34. How is an RSTP edge port configured
2
With portfast
0000.5e00.01xx
Only on ports that have same static VLANs or trunking. It also modifies parameters of the channel if one of the ports is modified


35. What is a vlan?
Can send and receive BDPUs
Single instance of STP for all VLANs. BDPUs are sent over trunks using the native VLAN with untagged frames. Dot1q based
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings
A single broadcast domain


36. static vlans offer ____ based membership
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.
Port
Sets the switchport mode to access - enables portfast - and turns off channel grouping for the port
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active


37. What is the PVLAN promiscuous mode?
Hold time is 3xhello. A skew time of 256ms-routerpriority)/256ms is added
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
Connects to a router - firewall - or gateway. Can communicate with anything else connected to the primary or any secondary. Ignores pvlan config
Can send and receive BDPUs


38. What is an end to end vlan?
Only on ports that have same static VLANs or trunking. It also modifies parameters of the channel if one of the ports is modified
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric
Roughly 2000
MST attributes must be manually entereed on each switch in the region. They don' t propagate like VTP.


39. Where is UDLD enabled?
Control functions
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.
Root - designated - alternate - and backup


40. What contains the next-hop entries?
All user ports that have portfast enabled
FIB
A point to point port type but the neighboring device runs traditional 802.1D STP
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q


41. What must be in common for a BSS to form?
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number
0-255


42. How should the switch port to which a LAP be configured?
By configuring every switch port to have an expected and controlled behavior
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)
1500B
Access


43. RSTP forwarding state
By using a trunk link
Frames are forwarded
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q


44. What is the 80/20 rule?
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
1- enable MST - 2-enter MST config mode - 3-assign region name and region configuration rev - 4-map vlans to an MSTI - 5-show pending changes - 6- commit by exiting
Port stays up - packets from violating MACs dropped - no logging


45. What does MSTP consist of?
Regions and instances
The switch adds its MAC to the option 82 field so that the DHCP reply echoes back the switch's own information
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
By using a trunk link


46. What are the 4 steps to extend QoS trust?
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary
Configure non-silent submode
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p


47. What is the range of PAgP channel group numbers?
1 to 64
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)
Group (0-255) - priority (1-254 254 is highest - 100 default)
Configure and enable DHCP snooping


48. What is a baby giant frame?
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers
1-enable AAA on switch - 2-define RADIUS servers - 3-define authentication method - 4-enable 802.1x on switch - 5-conf. 802.1x ports - 6-allow hosts
1- trunking mode - 2-trunk encapsulation - 3-native VLAN - 4-allowed VLAN
Port with redundant - but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate


49. What is common spanning tree (CST)?
Single instance of STP for all VLANs. BDPUs are sent over trunks using the native VLAN with untagged frames. Dot1q based
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)
Edge - root - and point to point
The port is forced to always authorize any connected client with no authentication necessary (default)


50. How does 802.3af do power discovery?
Forces the router to wait for a period of time before attempting overthrow
Sends a voltage across the receive pairs to detect a 25k ohm resistance
Weak key rotation
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)