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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. RSTP uses which standard?
802.1w
Embeds the tag within the frame
Yes
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10

2. What is a direct topology change?
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.
1-name the chain - 2-establish a key number - 3-create the key string - 4-apply the chain to the string
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)
One that can be detected on a switch interface (ie. Up/down)

3. What is a bridge ID made up of?
Bridge priority and MAC
Sets the switchport mode to access - enables portfast - and turns off channel grouping for the port
A host port goes up or down
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance

4. What is the port priority range?
Hosts associated with a secondary VLAN can communicate with ports on the primary but not with another secondary VLAN
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.
0-255 (lower is better)
Silent

5. What does the standby HSRP router do?
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.
Port with best root path cost
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)

6. What is the 80/20 rule?
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table
Turn on port security
1 -2 -5.5 and 11 Mbps - Channels 1/6/11 - 2.4Ghz
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN

7. What is the access layer best practice?
A key string of up to 8 characters is sent. Default is cisco.
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config

8. What is DSCP codepoint AF11(10)?
Limits the number if dhcp requests on a port
Every hello interval regardless of whether BDPUs are received from root - allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state
Priority (class 1)

9. What feedback mechanism does wireless use?
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack
No because they only participate if asked

10. What is the GLBP AVG?
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen
One router is the active virtual gateway - has highest priority or IP in group - answers all ARP requests and gives MAC based on load balancing
On ports where you never expect to find a root bridge for a VLAN
1- trunking mode - 2-trunk encapsulation - 3-native VLAN - 4-allowed VLAN

11. What is the size of ISL encapsulation?
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC
Those that connect to other switches

12. How is an instance defined?
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table
Automatically by duplex mode in use. Full duplex are point ot point. Half duplex ports use traditional 802.1D convergence is used.
Via an 802.1Q trunk or a single VLAN access port
Critical...used most often for IPT

13. What are the PAgP negotiation modes
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)
The total delay from start to finish
On root - because the root bridge propagates timers with config BDPU
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz

14. What happens when switches receive a configuration BDPU?
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)
No
RADIUS
Cisco ILP and 802.3af

15. What is dynamic auto?
0000.5e00.01xx
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials
Will trunk if asked
Globally

16. What does port-security protect do?
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table
Use the spanning-tree root macro
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.
Port stays up - packets from violating MACs dropped - no logging

17. What are the steps of RSTP convergence?
Plain text or md5
Control functions
MST attributes must be manually entereed on each switch in the region. They don' t propagate like VTP.
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state

18. What is a discard adjacency?
0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is six 0 bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group numberr. Yyyy is the virtual forwarder number
RADIUS
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action
5 classes with 3 drop precedences

19. What is PVST plus (PVST+)?
Local only
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root
Allows devices to interoperate with PVST and CST. Can use both dot1q and ISL
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains

20. Where is bdpu guard enabled?
Each frame transmits its expected duration time
All user ports that have portfast enabled
Data and voice over native vlan no QOS and no 802.1p trunk
Port with best root path cost on segment

21. What is the default 802.3af power class and its use?

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22. What is the STP Max Age timer?
Incoming frames dropped - but MACs learned
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds
10-15%
It's a router that maintains routes (static or dynamic) - and populates the FIB

23. How much overlap should WAPs have?
TCAM
No because they only participate if asked
On ports where you never expect to find a root bridge for a VLAN
10-15%

24. What is an SVI?
Every hello interval regardless of whether BDPUs are received from root - allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology
If a unidirectional link is detected - the switch doesn't try to reestablish the link. ULD msgs are sent once/sec for 8 seconds - then the port is err-disabled
1500B
Switched Virtual Interface - an L3 address can be assigned to a logical interface that represents an entire VLAN - which becomes the DGW for that VLAN

25. What is NSF?
Nonstop forwarding is an interactive method focusing on rebuilding the RIB after SUP switchover
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal
By creating a static IP binding
The topology is pre-populated by downloading the topology DB into the FIB and dynamically updated. Called Cisco Express Forwarding

26. How does an L2 switch do QOS?
Will trunk if asked
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS
1500B
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk

27. What is unique about HSRP group numbers?
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another
An AP's coverage area
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network

28. How do you disable DTP when you configure both ends of the ISL manually?
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
Usually QoS from VOIP but not PC dataa
Local only

29. What does DTP do?
Hashing algorithm
The RP listens to a flow's 1st packet for the dest. The SE listens to the packet and dest and puts a shortcut in the MSL cache. Netflow switching - route once - switch many
Automatically negotiates a common trunk mode between switches
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds

30. What does the reload keyword do in HSRP?
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine
It is enabled by default on all CEF capable switches
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow
A host port goes up or down

31. What is the portr ID?
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric
Each network device handles packets individually with no advance reservations
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)
Globally or per-port

32. For QoS - switch uplinks should always be considered as ____ _____?
Trusted ports
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.
Interim solution - uses same hardware as WEP - but uses TKIP encryption
Used to switch packets that can't be forwarded normallly due to an encapsulation failure - unresolved address - unsupported protocol - etc.

33. What is backbonefast?
Per-port or globally for all fiber-optic ports. Can be enabled globally - but will only affect fiber ports
Regions and instances
Causes switch to actively determine whether alternative paths exist to root bridge in case ther eis an indirect failure
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another

34. What is an end to end vlan?
Src-dst-ip
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.
63 kbps
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric

35. What functions does a LAP perform?
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials
Change in trunk encap
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network
Real-time functions such as beacons and probes - encryption and interactions with the client at L2

36. What ILP mode are all ports in by default?
The switch adds its MAC to the option 82 field so that the DHCP reply echoes back the switch's own information
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.
Auto mode
One that can be detected on a switch interface (ie. Up/down)

37. How does UDLD work?
Route once - switch many
As a VLAN access map
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.

38. What does UDLD do?
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
Protects STP when a physical malfunction only allows traffic in 1 direction - even though the link shows as up (cisco proprietary)
Gets assistance from other NSF-aware neighbors. NSF features need to be built into the routing protocols on router needing and providing assistance
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.

39. How does every GLBP command begin
By using a hash of a key string
A host port goes up or down
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number

40. What does IP source guard do?
Makes use of the DHCP snooping database and static ip source binding entries. If enabled - switch will test addresses
Trunk
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
With the skinny protocol

41. How does VRRP do tracking?

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42. How long are TCAM masks?
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)
134 bits
Roughly 50%

43. What is a LACP priority?
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC
Both ends should be on because on modes doesn't send PAgP or LACP packets
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it

44. If a port is configured for errdisable auto recovery - how long does it stay down?
300 sec by default
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance
No
0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is six 0 bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group numberr. Yyyy is the virtual forwarder number

45. What is the distribution layer best practice?
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec
The distribution layer should have only L3 links
All user ports that have portfast enabled
The frame tag contains a 3 but portion tagged from 0 (low) to 7 (high)

46. What does the ip option do when checking ARP replies

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47. How doed backbonefast work?
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance
By short-circuiting the max age timer
MAC of the end device
0000.5e00.01xx

48. How does ISL do trunking?
1 per segment
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer
One that can be detected on a switch interface (ie. Up/down)

49. What is the switch block?
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches
10-15%
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD

50. What types of link can an etherchannel be?
Automatically negotiates a common trunk mode between switches
Data and voice over native vlan no QOS and no 802.1p trunk
Cisco ILP and 802.3af
Access or trunk