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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How is UDLD configured?
Every hello interval regardless of whether BDPUs are received from root - allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP
The frame tag contains a 3 but portion tagged from 0 (low) to 7 (high)
Per-port or globally for all fiber-optic ports. Can be enabled globally - but will only affect fiber ports

2. What is an MST instance?
As a VLAN access map
No
Port stays up - packets from violating MACs dropped - no logging
The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance

3. How can you tell if a switch block is too large?
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block
1- inferior BDPU on blocked-considered alternative - 2-inferior on root-all blocked ports considered alternate - 3-if inferior arrives on root and no blocked ports - assumes loss of connectivity to root
Port with best root path cost on segment
10-15%

4. What is the default mode of load balancing?
Real-time functions such as beacons and probes - encryption and interactions with the client at L2
Globally
One that can be detected on a switch interface (ie. Up/down)
Src-dst-ip

5. When DHCP snooping is turned on - by default - it considers all ports ______
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack
Untrusted
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen
Sets the switchport mode to access - enables portfast - and turns off channel grouping for the port

6. What is BDPU Guard?
LACP port priority
LWAPP (Cisco proprietary) and CAP-WAP (standards based)
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state
1-ID link path costs - 2-ID roodt bridge - 3-select root port (1/switch) - 4-select designated port (1/segment) - 5-ID blocking port

7. What are the 5 STP port roles?
5 classes with 3 drop precedences
Root - designated - blocking - alternate - forwarding (host)
Between any type of interface as long as the interface can have an L3 address assigned
Yes to both

8. What are the 5 steps a LAP uses to establish communication with a WLC?
7 switches from root bridge
Checks the source MAC in the header against the sender MAC in the ARP reply
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
1-LAP gets a DHCP address - 2-LAP learns IP of available WLC - 3-LAP sends a join request to WLC and receives join reply - 4-WLC sends code image - if necessary - 5-Tunnels are created

9. What is an SVI?
Switched Virtual Interface - an L3 address can be assigned to a logical interface that represents an entire VLAN - which becomes the DGW for that VLAN
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan
Auto mode

10. How does every HSRP config command begin?
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated
Incoming frames dropped - but MACs learned

11. What is an autonomous mode AP?
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.
TCAM
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP

12. What is an IBSS?
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer
Yes
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP
Can hear only BDPUs

13. How does IPT behave when the voice VLAN is in dot1p mode?
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN
The DCF interframe space- the random backoff time before a wireless set can transmit
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance

14. One vlan should =
1 IP subnet
Differentiated services code point
Best effort delivery - integrated services model - and differentiated services model
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge

15. Does VTP pass private VLAN configuration?
224.0.0.2 (all routers)
1-LAP gets a DHCP address - 2-LAP learns IP of available WLC - 3-LAP sends a join request to WLC and receives join reply - 4-WLC sends code image - if necessary - 5-Tunnels are created
No
Compatible with 802.11b - up to 54Mbps in 12 data rates - 3 channels - 2.4Ghz

16. What is differentiated services model QOS?
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet
Only for the offending VLAN on the port
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.
Each network device handles packets individually with no advance reservations

17. If a wireless station needs to transmit and another device is transmitting - what happens?
Single instance of STP for all VLANs. BDPUs are sent over trunks using the native VLAN with untagged frames. Dot1q based
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
Reboots and searches for a new WLC
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.

18. WPA encryption
Interim solution - uses same hardware as WEP - but uses TKIP encryption
Port with redundant - but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate
Untrusted
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.

19. How does HSRP port tracking work?

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20. What are the port channel load balancing methods?
They must be carried over a voice VLAN (VVID) or over a regular data VLAN (ie. The native VLAN or the PVID)
Src-ip - dst-ip - src-dst-ip - src-mac - dst-mac - src-dst-mac - src-port - dst-port - src-dst-port
Half-duplex
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number

21. What are the 6 steps to configure 802.1x for port security?
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack
1-enable AAA on switch - 2-define RADIUS servers - 3-define authentication method - 4-enable 802.1x on switch - 5-conf. 802.1x ports - 6-allow hosts
Hashing algorithm
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)

22. What are 2 ways to configure VLAN and VTP information?
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy
Port stays up - packets from violating MACs dropped - no logging
Yes
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions

23. What is the acceptible range of VLANS?
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.
A single broadcast domain
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action

24. what should you do if you expect a PAgP capable switch at the other end vs. a server or host?
A point to point port type but the neighboring device runs traditional 802.1D STP
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root
Configure non-silent submode

25. How does RSTP identify a topology change?
Roughly 2000
Flash override (class 4)
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine
Only when a nonedge port transitions to forwarding

26. How many virtual MACs can GLBP have?
0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is six 0 bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group numberr. Yyyy is the virtual forwarder number
1-(opt) configure load balancing - 2-select the interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-select the mode and submode
LACP port priority
Up to 4 can be used in a group. Called active virtual forwarders (AVF)

27. What does the dst-mac option do when checking ARP replies
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials
Port stays up - packets from violating MACs dropped - no logging
Disabled - blocking - listening - learning - forwarding
Checks the destination MAC in the header against the target MAC in the ARP reply

28. What is the format of the VRRP virtual MAC?
0000.5e00.01xx
Lowest cumulative cost to root
Port with best root path cost
Frames are forwarded

29. What does MSTP consist of?
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets
Root - designated - blocking - alternate - forwarding (host)
Regions and instances
1-(opt) configure load balancing - 2-select the interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-select the mode and submode

30. What are the gotchas for uplinkfast?

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31. What is the default FE duplex?
Connects to a router - firewall - or gateway. Can communicate with anything else connected to the primary or any secondary. Ignores pvlan config
63 kbps
On root - because the root bridge propagates timers with config BDPU
Full duplex

32. Whan is a 10GE WAN PHY?
Using digital certificates
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state
On by default
Connects with SONET or SDH

33. What is NSF?
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state
Auto mode
Nonstop forwarding is an interactive method focusing on rebuilding the RIB after SUP switchover

34. What are the 3 ways GLBP load-balances?
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.
FIB
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent

35. How are VACLs applied
Only for trusted Cisco gear - especially phones
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)
1 to 64
Port

36. What is the port priority range?
1-name the chain - 2-establish a key number - 3-create the key string - 4-apply the chain to the string
0-255 (lower is better)
RADIUS
10-15%

37. What is PVST plus (PVST+)?
Compatible with 802.11b - up to 54Mbps in 12 data rates - 3 channels - 2.4Ghz
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz
Allows devices to interoperate with PVST and CST. Can use both dot1q and ISL
One router is the active virtual gateway - has highest priority or IP in group - answers all ARP requests and gives MAC based on load balancing

38. What is the port number range?
0-255
TCAM
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow

39. How does HSRP plain text authentication work?
Only for the offending VLAN on the port
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table
A key string of up to 8 characters is sent. Default is cisco.
Those that connect to other switches

40. How long are TCAM masks?
Compatible with 802.11b - up to 54Mbps in 12 data rates - 3 channels - 2.4Ghz
134 bits
Per-port or globally for all fiber-optic ports. Can be enabled globally - but will only affect fiber ports
Full duplex

41. What happens during HSRP failover?
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured
If a unidirectional link is detected - the switch doesn't try to reestablish the link. ULD msgs are sent once/sec for 8 seconds - then the port is err-disabled
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router

42. How do Cisco IP phones communicate with the CCM?
During the time that the FIB entry is in CEF glean waiting for ARP entries - subsequent packet to that host are dropped to keep input queues from filling
Differentiated services
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
With the skinny protocol

43. What is the GLBP redirect timer?
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
The switch checks the MAC and IP reported in the reply against trusted values. If they don't match - it is dropped and logged
2

44. How does HSRP do MD5 authentication?
Allows devices to interoperate with PVST and CST. Can use both dot1q and ISL
By using a hash of a key string
If the switch or the powered device doesn't suport power class discovery
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)

45. How many MST instances can be in a region?
They should be an unconditional Etherchannel because the WLC can't negotiate a channel.
16 - IST gets MSTI 0 - 1-15 are available for use. MSTIs are locally significant to the MST region
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
Checks the source MAC in the header against the sender MAC in the ARP reply

46. What is step 1 of enabling IP source guard?
Interim solution - uses same hardware as WEP - but uses TKIP encryption
Access or trunk
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate
Configure and enable DHCP snooping

47. What is the standard for WLANs?
On all switches in network to enable RLQ request and reply
802.11
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs

48. On what scope is DAI enabled?
Per VLAN
Globally or per-port
Either desirable or auto mode
Create 2 hsrp groups - each with the active router being different switches - then have clients point to each

49. What is the cost of a 1Gbps link?
Port
4
2 - one for control messages and one for data
Configure non-silent submode

50. How does every VRRP command begin?
No
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number
When a port moves into forwarding or from fowarding or learning to blocking.
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state