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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is step 1 of enabling IP source guard?
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
12 kbps with headers and compression
Configure and enable DHCP snooping
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state

2. what should you do if you expect a PAgP capable switch at the other end vs. a server or host?
Configure non-silent submode
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number
Only a single host connects . If one BDPU is received - it is no longer an edge port
802.1w

3. FE connectors use...
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)

4. What are the characteristics of the core layer
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)
Very high L3 throughput - no access lists or port filtering - redundancy and resilience - advanced QoS

5. What do you need to determine to use MSTP?
1-enable AAA on switch - 2-define RADIUS servers - 3-define authentication method - 4-enable 802.1x on switch - 5-conf. 802.1x ports - 6-allow hosts
Isolated and community
Change in trunk encap
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance

6. What is common spanning tree (CST)?
Single instance of STP for all VLANs. BDPUs are sent over trunks using the native VLAN with untagged frames. Dot1q based
A point to point port type
1500B
The point at which a switch decides to trust incoming Qos. Usually at boundary with ISP

7. How often are CAM table entries aged?
A key string of up to 8 characters is sent. Default is cisco.
Sets the switchport mode to access - enables portfast - and turns off channel grouping for the port
300 sec
Up to 4 can be used in a group. Called active virtual forwarders (AVF)

8. What is a CEF glean?

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9. When looking at the sh spanning tree output - What does P2P denote?
Silent
A point to point port type
1-lowest root bridge ID - 2-lowest root path cost - 3-lowest bridgeID - 4-lowest port ID
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets

10. What happens when an ARP reply is received on an untrusted port?

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11. What is the distribution layer best practice?
0000.5e00.01xx
The distribution layer should have only L3 links
MAC of the end device
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number

12. How can BDPU Guard be configured?
Port
134 bits - consisting of source and destination addresses and protocol information from the packet or frame
Globally or per-port
Those that connect to other switches

13. How many designated ports are there?
Globally
Switched Virtual Interface - an L3 address can be assigned to a logical interface that represents an entire VLAN - which becomes the DGW for that VLAN
No
1 per segment

14. How does ISL handle COS?
The frame tag contains a 3 but portion tagged from 0 (low) to 7 (high)
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID
Causes switch to actively determine whether alternative paths exist to root bridge in case ther eis an indirect failure
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby

15. What is the GLBP redirect timer?
The campus network's backbone
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec
16 - IST gets MSTI 0 - 1-15 are available for use. MSTIs are locally significant to the MST region

16. What are the 5 STP port roles?
The frame tag contains a 3 but portion tagged from 0 (low) to 7 (high)
Configure non-silent submode
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface
Root - designated - blocking - alternate - forwarding (host)

17. How do you enable CEF?
Can hear only BDPUs
The port asks the other end to trunk
Globally
It is enabled by default on all CEF capable switches

18. What is a discard adjacency?
Untrusted
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action
On root - because the root bridge propagates timers with config BDPU
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting

19. What is the duration time in a wireless frame?
L2
Each frame transmits its expected duration time
They must be carried over a voice VLAN (VVID) or over a regular data VLAN (ie. The native VLAN or the PVID)
The RP listens to a flow's 1st packet for the dest. The SE listens to the packet and dest and puts a shortcut in the MSL cache. Netflow switching - route once - switch many

20. What are the steps of RSTP convergence?
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state
Normal and aggressive
The campus network's backbone
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance

21. WPA encryption
Either desirable or auto mode
Immediate (class 2)
Interim solution - uses same hardware as WEP - but uses TKIP encryption
By configuring every switch port to have an expected and controlled behavior

22. What is DSCP codepoint EF(46)?
One that can be detected on a switch interface (ie. Up/down)
0-255
No
Critical...used most often for IPT

23. How does every GLBP command begin
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number
Sends a voltage across the receive pairs to detect a 25k ohm resistance
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk

24. What is the IEEE standard for STP?
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack
802.1D
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP
Dynamic arp inspection

25. How does ISL do trunking?
1-ID link path costs - 2-ID roodt bridge - 3-select root port (1/switch) - 4-select designated port (1/segment) - 5-ID blocking port
Cisco ILP and 802.3af
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer

26. How does a WLC hand off a client's association to another WLC?
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS
Needs hardware upgrade over WEP - uses AES encryption
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz
Using a mobility exchange message

27. How do IP phones communicate with each other?
1-enable AAA on switch - 2-define RADIUS servers - 3-define authentication method - 4-enable 802.1x on switch - 5-conf. 802.1x ports - 6-allow hosts
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP
Needs hardware upgrade over WEP - uses AES encryption
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk

28. What does the dst-mac option do when checking ARP replies
Protects STP when a physical malfunction only allows traffic in 1 direction - even though the link shows as up (cisco proprietary)
On by default
Checks the destination MAC in the header against the target MAC in the ARP reply
Yes

29. What is a baby giant frame?
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
Port with best root path cost on segment
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers
Connects with SONET or SDH

30. How often are BDPUs sent?
2 seconds (def)
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root
By using a hash of a key string
134 bits - consisting of source and destination addresses and protocol information from the packet or frame

31. static vlans offer ____ based membership
Port
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw
1 per segment

32. What is a LACP priority?
Automatically using DTP and CDP
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)

33. What does port-security protect do?
Change in trunk encap
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value
Port stays up - packets from violating MACs dropped - no logging

34. What are the port channel load balancing methods?
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack
Src-ip - dst-ip - src-dst-ip - src-mac - dst-mac - src-dst-mac - src-port - dst-port - src-dst-port
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
Checks the destination MAC in the header against the target MAC in the ARP reply

35. How do VRRP routers handle preemption?
Using digital certificates
On by default
Globally
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP

36. What are the RSTP port roles?
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q
Globally
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged
Root - designated - alternate - and backup

37. What is a proxy arp?

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38. How do you renable an err-disable port by default?
Globally
1-enable AAA on switch - 2-define RADIUS servers - 3-define authentication method - 4-enable 802.1x on switch - 5-conf. 802.1x ports - 6-allow hosts
Manually
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.

39. Which fiber is the receive?
On the left as you face the connector
Frames are forwarded
Switched Virtual Interface - an L3 address can be assigned to a logical interface that represents an entire VLAN - which becomes the DGW for that VLAN
1500B

40. What is the acceptible range of VLANS?
Bridge priority and MAC
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
Connects with SONET or SDH
Silent

41. can root guard and udld be used together?
Root - designated - blocking - alternate - forwarding (host)
Checks the destination MAC in the header against the target MAC in the ARP reply
A key string of up to 8 characters is sent. Default is cisco.
Yes

42. What can cause a wireless client to switch between Aps?
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.
1 per segment
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal
If a unidirectional link is detected - the switch doesn't try to reestablish the link. ULD msgs are sent once/sec for 8 seconds - then the port is err-disabled

43. How should the switch port to which a LAP be configured?
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)
Access
0000.5e00.01xx
On by default

44. What cabling do GBICs use?
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
If a unidirectional link is detected - the switch doesn't try to reestablish the link. ULD msgs are sent once/sec for 8 seconds - then the port is err-disabled
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
SC fiber or RJ-45

45. How does the VRRP master router handle the VIP?
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table
The master router can share the VIP

46. What happens when switches receive a configuration BDPU?
A private VLAN can be logically associated with a special secondary vlan
It can't
SC fiber or RJ-45
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)

47. WEP encryption
VTP server for domain null with no password or secure mode
The RP listens to a flow's 1st packet for the dest. The SE listens to the packet and dest and puts a shortcut in the MSL cache. Netflow switching - route once - switch many
Weak key rotation
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen

48. How does adding option-82 to DHCP snooping affect things?

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49. What is the adjacency table?
Connects with SONET or SDH
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it
SC fiber or RJ-45

50. Where is loop guard enabled?
Controls where candidate root bridges can be connected and found on a network
LWAPP (Cisco proprietary) and CAP-WAP (standards based)
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports