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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How do you enable CEF?
1-lowest root bridge ID - 2-lowest root path cost - 3-lowest bridgeID - 4-lowest port ID
Using a mobility exchange message
It is enabled by default on all CEF capable switches
Trunk

2. How can BDPU Guard be configured?
Create 2 hsrp groups - each with the active router being different switches - then have clients point to each
Globally or per-port
Packets must be sent to the L3 engine for further processing
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports

3. can root guard and loop guard be used together
They must be carried over a voice VLAN (VVID) or over a regular data VLAN (ie. The native VLAN or the PVID)
134 bits - consisting of source and destination addresses and protocol information from the packet or frame
No
Controls where candidate root bridges can be connected and found on a network

4. Which 4 things must be agreeable to trunk?
Promiscuous and host
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.
Hashing algorithm
1- trunking mode - 2-trunk encapsulation - 3-native VLAN - 4-allowed VLAN

5. What is the VRRP skew time?
Trunk
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP
Any dhcp reply coming from an untrusted port is discarded and the offending port is put in errdisable
Hold time is 3xhello. A skew time of 256ms-routerpriority)/256ms is added

6. What is RPVST+?
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
Configuration and TCN
1- enable MST - 2-enter MST config mode - 3-assign region name and region configuration rev - 4-map vlans to an MSTI - 5-show pending changes - 6- commit by exiting

7. How should the switch port to which a WLC be configured?
Port
Trunk
Yes
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric

8. What is the default network diameter?
Used to switch packets destined for the null interface
7 switches from root bridge
When a specific interface is tracked - HSRP reduces it's priority after a specified interval.
Change in trunk encap

9. How are BDPUs spread?
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
134 bits
If a unidirectional link is detected - the switch doesn't try to reestablish the link. ULD msgs are sent once/sec for 8 seconds - then the port is err-disabled
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.

10. What is the FM?
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine
The active router. All other routers are in backup state
Promiscuous and host

11. How does GLBP work?
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
Normal and aggressive
Value - mask - and result (VMR) combinations

12. What are the 3 ways GLBP load-balances?
Used to switch packets destined for the null interface
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
By using a trunk link

13. How does ISL handle COS?
4
It's a router that maintains routes (static or dynamic) - and populates the FIB
The frame tag contains a 3 but portion tagged from 0 (low) to 7 (high)
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group

14. What is route caching?

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15. RSTP forwarding state
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports
All ports where root isn't expected
Frames are forwarded
Globally

16. What is an indirect topology change?
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block
Hashing algorithm
L2
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic

17. How many designated ports are there?
FE - GE - and aggregated FE/GE Etherchannels
Immediate (class 2)
1 per segment
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number

18. At what layer should the WLC be connected?
By using a trunk link
Full duplex
Distribution
Yes

19. How is an instance defined?
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table
1 per segment
As a VLAN access map
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials

20. What is the default 10mbps Enet duplex?
A single broadcast domain
Half-duplex
Globally
12 kbps with headers and compression

21. What categories can ports be in with dhcp snooping enabled?
LACP port priority
By short-circuiting the max age timer
Dynamic WEP keys that change periodically
Trusted or untrusted

22. What is a microcell?
Root
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw
2 seconds
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced

23. How should the switch port to which a LAP be configured?
Access
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q
Protects STP when a physical malfunction only allows traffic in 1 direction - even though the link shows as up (cisco proprietary)
The total delay from start to finish

24. EAP encryption
1-(opt) set system priority - 2-select interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-set the mode - 5-(opt) set the port priority
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it
Dynamic WEP keys that change periodically

25. What is DSCP?
Differentiated services code point
Cisco recommends only on the root bridge
Promiscuous and host
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors

26. What is a LACP priority?
Distribution layer
Configure non-silent submode
Each frame transmits its expected duration time
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)

27. What happens during HSRP failover?
2 seconds
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
The RP listens to a flow's 1st packet for the dest. The SE listens to the packet and dest and puts a shortcut in the MSL cache. Netflow switching - route once - switch many
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured

28. What are the 2 types of BDPU?
LWAPP (Cisco proprietary) and CAP-WAP (standards based)
Configuration and TCN
Prevents the dhcp binding DB from being checked.
Sends a voltage across the receive pairs to detect a 25k ohm resistance

29. How does a DHCP server send WLC addresses?
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.
Option 43
Yes
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table

30. How does DAI work?
Between any type of interface as long as the interface can have an L3 address assigned
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server
The same as a standby group in HSRP

31. What are the characteristics of the core layer
Sends a test tone on the transmit pair. If a device is detected - CDP is used to narrow down the power class.
The L3 forwarding engine can't forward the packet in hardware because there is no L2 next-hop address - so the packet is sent to the L3 engine to generate the ARP response
Using digital certificates
Very high L3 throughput - no access lists or port filtering - redundancy and resilience - advanced QoS

32. What 2 conditions does IP source guard check for?
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry
Switches make an effort to move packets as quickly as possible
Should be used on access switches - can't be used on root - keeps enabled switch from becoming root by raising priority of switch and all ports - making them undesirable

33. What are the steps to configure a LACP port channel?
TCAM
Plain text or md5
1-(opt) set system priority - 2-select interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-set the mode - 5-(opt) set the port priority
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)

34. How is a QoS trust bondary configured?
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
Critical...used most often for IPT
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies

35. Which fiber is the receive?
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)
TCAM
On the left as you face the connector

36. How does dot1q do trunking?
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it
Embeds the tag within the frame
Globally
A private VLAN can be logically associated with a special secondary vlan

37. What are the restrictions for bundling into an Etherchannel?
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number
The redundant SUP is booted and sup and route engine is init'd. No L2 or L3 functions are started. Allows switchports to retain state
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.

38. What is differentiated services model QOS?
The configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry
Each network device handles packets individually with no advance reservations
The same as a standby group in HSRP

39. What is the SDM?
By using a hash of a key string
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number

40. What is a proxy arp?

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41. What is the GLBP AVG?
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
One router is the active virtual gateway - has highest priority or IP in group - answers all ARP requests and gives MAC based on load balancing
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS

42. What is DCF?
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions
Silent

43. What is unique about HSRP group numbers?
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another
Forces the router to wait for a period of time before attempting overthrow
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs
A key string of up to 8 characters is sent. Default is cisco.

44. Automatically configure STP timers
Use the spanning-tree root macro
Port is forced to never authorize any connected client
Sends a test tone on the transmit pair. If a device is detected - CDP is used to narrow down the power class.
The active router. All other routers are in backup state

45. What address does HSRP send hello packets to?
224.0.0.2 (all routers)
0-255
Dynamic arp inspection
Checks the destination MAC in the header against the target MAC in the ARP reply

46. How do you renable an err-disable port by default?
The switch adds its MAC to the option 82 field so that the DHCP reply echoes back the switch's own information
Only for trusted Cisco gear - especially phones
Manually
Dynamic WEP keys that change periodically

47. How is DHCP snooping enabled (scope)?
Globally
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
1- inferior BDPU on blocked-considered alternative - 2-inferior on root-all blocked ports considered alternate - 3-if inferior arrives on root and no blocked ports - assumes loss of connectivity to root
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary

48. Can MSTP interoperate with 802.1q and/or PVST+?
1- inferior BDPU on blocked-considered alternative - 2-inferior on root-all blocked ports considered alternate - 3-if inferior arrives on root and no blocked ports - assumes loss of connectivity to root
0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is six 0 bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group numberr. Yyyy is the virtual forwarder number
Yes to both
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.

49. When looking at the sh spanning tree output - What does P2P denote?
Option 43
A point to point port type
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves
When a port moves into forwarding or from fowarding or learning to blocking.

50. How do IP phones communicate with each other?
The same as a standby group in HSRP
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP
4
1 per segment