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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How do you configure LACP standby links?
0-255
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.
Used to switch packets destined for the null interface
LACP port priority

2. What are the 3 ways GLBP load-balances?
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server
Root
Allows devices to interoperate with PVST and CST. Can use both dot1q and ISL

3. One vlan should =
No
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole
Needs hardware upgrade over WEP - uses AES encryption
1 IP subnet

4. What are the VRRP group and priority numbers?
Group (0-255) - priority (1-254 254 is highest - 100 default)
Port with redundant - but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)
Needs hardware upgrade over WEP - uses AES encryption

5. How does HSRP do MD5 authentication?
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz
By using a hash of a key string
63 kbps
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number

6. What is the cost of a 100Mbps link?
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS
Can hear only BDPUs
19
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz

7. How is the HSRP MAC address configured?
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)
Globally or per-port
Port stays up - packets from violating MACs dropped - no logging
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value

8. What is the default VTP state?
VTP server for domain null with no password or secure mode
Some unused bits are used to allow a port to identify its role and state. Also the BDPUs state that they are V2 BDPUs
7 switches from root bridge
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config

9. What does DTP do?
Automatically negotiates a common trunk mode between switches
With the skinny protocol
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets

10. What is DAI?
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches
Dynamic arp inspection
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)
The L3 forwarding engine can't forward the packet in hardware because there is no L2 next-hop address - so the packet is sent to the L3 engine to generate the ARP response

11. What are the 2 UDLD modes?
Yes
Per VLAN
Normal and aggressive
MST attributes must be manually entereed on each switch in the region. They don' t propagate like VTP.

12. What does a LAP do if it loses communication with it's WLC?
134 bits - consisting of source and destination addresses and protocol information from the packet or frame
Reboots and searches for a new WLC
1-lowest root bridge ID - 2-lowest root path cost - 3-lowest bridgeID - 4-lowest port ID
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports

13. For QoS - switch uplinks should always be considered as ____ _____?
Only for trusted Cisco gear - especially phones
Configure non-silent submode
Trusted ports
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.

14. What are the 2 types of secondary VLAN?
Isolated and community
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p
134 bits - consisting of source and destination addresses and protocol information from the packet or frame

15. What does the standby HSRP router do?
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance
Weak key rotation
Both ends should be on because on modes doesn't send PAgP or LACP packets

16. What is the default 802.3af power class and its use?

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17. If a wireless station needs to transmit and no other device is transmitting - what happens?
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack
1 per segment
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate

18. What is the portr ID?
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)
Normal and aggressive
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p
No

19. FE connectors use...
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
Plain text or md5
Up to 4 can be used in a group. Called active virtual forwarders (AVF)
The L3 forwarding engine can't forward the packet in hardware because there is no L2 next-hop address - so the packet is sent to the L3 engine to generate the ARP response

20. CAM table entries are purged when....
A MAC is seen on a different port
2 seconds
RADIUS
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports

21. What does port-security restrict do?
Src-dst-ip
Can hear only BDPUs
No
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets

22. What is best effort delivery QOS?
Using a mobility exchange message
Yes to both
Switches make an effort to move packets as quickly as possible
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.

23. What 2 tunnelling mechanisms do the LAP and WLC use to communicate?
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs
LWAPP (Cisco proprietary) and CAP-WAP (standards based)
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q

24. What is a wall wart?
A MAC is seen on a different port
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.
Forces the router to wait for a period of time before attempting overthrow
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds

25. Which ports should you consider trusted for DAI?
Those that connect to other switches
Both ends should be on because on modes doesn't send PAgP or LACP packets
Half because transmitting and receiving stations use the same frequency
It is enabled by default on all CEF capable switches

26. What is a VRRP group?
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)
The same as a standby group in HSRP
Sets the switchport mode to access - enables portfast - and turns off channel grouping for the port
Protects STP when a physical malfunction only allows traffic in 1 direction - even though the link shows as up (cisco proprietary)

27. How does ILP do power discovery?
Sends a test tone on the transmit pair. If a device is detected - CDP is used to narrow down the power class.
As a VLAN access map
Normal and aggressive
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.

28. What is the format of the VRRP virtual MAC?
Configuration and TCN
Used to switch packets that can't be forwarded normallly due to an encapsulation failure - unresolved address - unsupported protocol - etc.
0000.5e00.01xx
Distribution layer

29. How should backbonefast be configured?
No because they only participate if asked
On all switches in network to enable RLQ request and reply
Access or trunk
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.

30. What is a CEF punt?

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31. What is DSCP codepoint EF(46)?
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.
The DCF interframe space- the random backoff time before a wireless set can transmit
Critical...used most often for IPT

32. How is root port decided upon?
With portfast
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
Lowest cumulative cost to root
Only for trusted Cisco gear - especially phones

33. What must be in common for a BSS to form?
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it
By configuring every switch port to have an expected and controlled behavior
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials

34. What is an MST instance?
The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance
Bridge priority and MAC
It is enabled by default on all CEF capable switches
On the left as you face the connector

35. At what layer does EAPOL run?
Src-ip - dst-ip - src-dst-ip - src-mac - dst-mac - src-dst-mac - src-port - dst-port - src-dst-port
L2
Manually
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server

36. What happens if both 802.1D and RSTP BDPUs are received?
No shut
The port will operate under 802.1D rules. If they are received on the same port - it will run 802.1D until the migration delay expires
The same as a standby group in HSRP
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better

37. How does HSRP election work?
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal
Dynamic WEP keys that change periodically
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker

38. What are the 3 redundant supervisor modes?
No
Use the spanning-tree root macro
Access or trunk
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO

39. By default - what layer do catalyst switchports operate on?
The distribution layer should have only L3 links
Will trunk if asked
L2
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets

40. What are the 2 choices for VLANs with IPT?
Each physical interface has a different IP address. All physical interfaces point to a virtual interface called the standby address or VIP
They must be carried over a voice VLAN (VVID) or over a regular data VLAN (ie. The native VLAN or the PVID)
LWAPP (Cisco proprietary) and CAP-WAP (standards based)
1 per segment

41. What is a LACP priority?
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)
Using digital certificates
Only a single host connects . If one BDPU is received - it is no longer an edge port
A TCN BDPU is sent out of the switch's root port. The switch will continue sending TCN's every hello interval until ack'd by upstream neighbor. The root bridge will send a Config BDPU to all switches

42. can root guard and udld be used together?
Yes
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.
Full duplex
Access

43. How do Cisco IP phones communicate with the CCM?
One that can be detected on a switch interface (ie. Up/down)
With the skinny protocol
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root
No

44. What does VTP do?
2
Data and voice over native vlan no QOS and no 802.1p trunk
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions

45. What is a baby giant frame?
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers
LACP port priority
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability

46. How does loop guard block ports?
Only for the offending VLAN on the port
Using digital certificates
Data and voice over native vlan no QOS and no 802.1p trunk
Between interfaces that are assigned to L2 VLANs or L2 trunks

47. Where is UDLD enabled?
Discarding - learning - forwarding
Roughly 2000
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)
Single instance of STP for all VLANs. BDPUs are sent over trunks using the native VLAN with untagged frames. Dot1q based

48. What is an untrusted port under dhcp snooping?
Any dhcp reply coming from an untrusted port is discarded and the offending port is put in errdisable
Access
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)

49. What must the other end be set to if PAgP desirable or LACP active mode is selected?
19
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP
Either desirable or auto mode
Per VLAN

50. How often are BDPUs sent?
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced
2 seconds (def)