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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How does ILP do power discovery?
L2
Control functions
Collision domain
Sends a test tone on the transmit pair. If a device is detected - CDP is used to narrow down the power class.

2. What is layer 2 roaming?
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy
Automatically negotiates a common trunk mode between switches
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset

3. What are TCAM entries composed of?
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.
300 sec
Value - mask - and result (VMR) combinations

4. How should backbonefast be configured?
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
On all switches in network to enable RLQ request and reply
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.

5. if the switchport is part of an etherchannel - Where is the network assigned
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port
To the virtual port-channel interface
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)

6. What does VTP do?
The configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay
By using a hash of a key string
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network
Distribution layer

7. RSTP point to point port
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)

8. How is an RSTP edge port configured
With portfast
No
That they aren't using the same frequencies.
5 classes with 3 drop precedences

9. Where is the QoS trust boundary usually configured on an IP phone?
Usually QoS from VOIP but not PC dataa
224.0.0.2 (all routers)
Disabled - blocking - listening - learning - forwarding
Immediate (class 2)

10. unknown unicast flooding
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz
MAC addresses are learned from the source MAC of incoming frames. If the destination address is unknown - the frame is flooded out all except the receiving port.
Value - mask - and result (VMR) combinations

11. What is a discard adjacency?
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy
Control functions
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action
Any dhcp reply coming from an untrusted port is discarded and the offending port is put in errdisable

12. If there are 2 ports with same root cost - how is the tie broken for designated port?
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate
1-lowest root bridge ID - 2-lowest root path cost - 3-lowest bridgeID - 4-lowest port ID

13. What can cause a wireless client to switch between Aps?
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk
A point to point port type but the neighboring device runs traditional 802.1D STP
Admin down
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal

14. What is integrated services model QOS?
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.
One router is the active virtual gateway - has highest priority or IP in group - answers all ARP requests and gives MAC based on load balancing
The topology is pre-populated by downloading the topology DB into the FIB and dynamically updated. Called Cisco Express Forwarding
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves

15. If a wireless station needs to transmit and no other device is transmitting - what happens?
Weak key rotation
Roughly 2000
5 classes with 3 drop precedences
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack

16. What is the SDM?
Single instance of STP for all VLANs. BDPUs are sent over trunks using the native VLAN with untagged frames. Dot1q based
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions
5 (0-4 with 4 being the highest)

17. How does HSRP plain text authentication work?
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
A key string of up to 8 characters is sent. Default is cisco.
All ports where root isn't expected
1- inferior BDPU on blocked-considered alternative - 2-inferior on root-all blocked ports considered alternate - 3-if inferior arrives on root and no blocked ports - assumes loss of connectivity to root

18. Each switch port is a _____ ______
Show standby
Because each frame is checked
Using a mobility exchange message
Collision domain

19. Which 4 things must be agreeable to trunk?
The redundant SUP is booted and sup and route engine is init'd. No L2 or L3 functions are started. Allows switchports to retain state
1- trunking mode - 2-trunk encapsulation - 3-native VLAN - 4-allowed VLAN
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config
Automatically using DTP and CDP

20. What's the easiest way to configure GLBP timers?
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate
1-LAP gets a DHCP address - 2-LAP learns IP of available WLC - 3-LAP sends a join request to WLC and receives join reply - 4-WLC sends code image - if necessary - 5-Tunnels are created
Via an 802.1Q trunk or a single VLAN access port
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)

21. How is a QoS trust bondary configured?
Port with redundant - but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate
They should be an unconditional Etherchannel because the WLC can't negotiate a channel.
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies
Automatically negotiates a common trunk mode between switches

22. Can loop guard and udld be used together?
Nonstop forwarding is an interactive method focusing on rebuilding the RIB after SUP switchover
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS
Only on ports that have same static VLANs or trunking. It also modifies parameters of the channel if one of the ports is modified
Yes

23. What are the PAgP negotiation modes
Only on ports that have same static VLANs or trunking. It also modifies parameters of the channel if one of the ports is modified
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack
0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is six 0 bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group numberr. Yyyy is the virtual forwarder number

24. What is an SVI?
Switched Virtual Interface - an L3 address can be assigned to a logical interface that represents an entire VLAN - which becomes the DGW for that VLAN
Any dhcp reply coming from an untrusted port is discarded and the offending port is put in errdisable
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.
1-enable AAA on switch - 2-define RADIUS servers - 3-define authentication method - 4-enable 802.1x on switch - 5-conf. 802.1x ports - 6-allow hosts

25. How does loop guard block ports?
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.
A MAC is seen on a different port
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies
Only for the offending VLAN on the port

26. Which fiber is the receive?
Only on ports that have same static VLANs or trunking. It also modifies parameters of the channel if one of the ports is modified
Prevents the dhcp binding DB from being checked.
224.0.0.2 (all routers)
On the left as you face the connector

27. RSTP edge port
Only a single host connects . If one BDPU is received - it is no longer an edge port
A host port goes up or down
No
With the skinny protocol

28. How can you load-balance with HSRP?
By creating a static IP binding
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port
Create 2 hsrp groups - each with the active router being different switches - then have clients point to each

29. RSTP forwarding state
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw
The switch adds its MAC to the option 82 field so that the DHCP reply echoes back the switch's own information
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric
Frames are forwarded

30. How much BW does a voip connection use?
Yes
12 kbps with headers and compression
Automatically negotiates a common trunk mode between switches
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number

31. What is a CEF punt?

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32. What is a QoS trust boundary?
When a port moves into forwarding or from fowarding or learning to blocking.
The point at which a switch decides to trust incoming Qos. Usually at boundary with ISP
Can send and receive BDPUs
Reboots and searches for a new WLC

33. How does a DAI enabled switch gather trusted ARP info?
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries
The total delay from start to finish
Stateful switchover - redundant sup is fully booted and init'd. Both start and run config are synched as is L2 information - and switchinterfaces.
Root

34. What are the 3 redundant supervisor modes?
Dynamic WEP keys that change periodically
1- trunking mode - 2-trunk encapsulation - 3-native VLAN - 4-allowed VLAN
Roughly 2000
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO

35. What must the other end be set to if PAgP desirable or LACP active mode is selected?
Either desirable or auto mode
Using digital certificates
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack
A point to point port type

36. What are the two private vlan association modes?
Promiscuous and host
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.
During the time that the FIB entry is in CEF glean waiting for ARP entries - subsequent packet to that host are dropped to keep input queues from filling
Per-port or globally for all fiber-optic ports. Can be enabled globally - but will only affect fiber ports

37. How does DSCP handle IP precedence?
The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance
5 classes with 3 drop precedences
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves
Access

38. What does the RP do?
Sends a voltage across the receive pairs to detect a 25k ohm resistance
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it
The configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table

39. What are the VRRP group and priority numbers?
Group (0-255) - priority (1-254 254 is highest - 100 default)
Yes
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)
No because they only participate if asked

40. How do you find duplex mismatches?
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)
Isolated and community

41. How many links can be used in an EtherChannel?
Each network device handles packets individually with no advance reservations
Usually QoS from VOIP but not PC dataa
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors

42. RSTP learning state
MST attributes must be manually entereed on each switch in the region. They don' t propagate like VTP.
Incoming frames dropped - but MACs learned
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)
Will trunk if asked

43. How doed backbonefast work?
Change in trunk encap
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary
Lowest cumulative cost to root
By short-circuiting the max age timer

44. What are the characteristics of the core layer
Packets must be sent to the L3 engine for further processing
Very high L3 throughput - no access lists or port filtering - redundancy and resilience - advanced QoS
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary
The port will operate under 802.1D rules. If they are received on the same port - it will run 802.1D until the migration delay expires

45. Whan is a 10GE WAN PHY?
Connects with SONET or SDH
Any ports associated with an isolated vlan can reach the primary - but not any other secondary. Hosts withn an isolated vlan can't reach each other
Dynamic arp inspection
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.

46. One vlan should =
MAC of the end device
1 IP subnet
Edge - root - and point to point
When a client roams between Aps in different subnets

47. What is the IEEE standard for STP?
802.1D
As a VLAN access map
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)
1-enable AAA on switch - 2-define RADIUS servers - 3-define authentication method - 4-enable 802.1x on switch - 5-conf. 802.1x ports - 6-allow hosts

48. When should CDP be enabled?
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.
Only for trusted Cisco gear - especially phones
Cisco ILP and 802.3af

49. RSTP alternate port
Show standby
All user ports that have portfast enabled
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root
1-LAP gets a DHCP address - 2-LAP learns IP of available WLC - 3-LAP sends a join request to WLC and receives join reply - 4-WLC sends code image - if necessary - 5-Tunnels are created

50. How does a LAP and a WLC authenticate between each other?
Using digital certificates
Frames are forwarded
On the left as you face the connector
Between interfaces that are assigned to L2 VLANs or L2 trunks