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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the access layer best practice?
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.
Roughly 2000
No
During the time that the FIB entry is in CEF glean waiting for ARP entries - subsequent packet to that host are dropped to keep input queues from filling

2. How is RSTP synchronization accomplished?
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw

3. What is the PVLAN promiscuous mode?
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports
Compatible with 802.11b - up to 54Mbps in 12 data rates - 3 channels - 2.4Ghz
Connects to a router - firewall - or gateway. Can communicate with anything else connected to the primary or any secondary. Ignores pvlan config
1-(opt) configure load balancing - 2-select the interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-select the mode and submode

4. How many designated ports are there?
Usually QoS from VOIP but not PC dataa
Group (0-255) - priority (1-254 254 is highest - 100 default)
1 per segment
1 -2 -5.5 and 11 Mbps - Channels 1/6/11 - 2.4Ghz

5. What is 802.1x force-authorized?
1-lowest root bridge ID - 2-lowest root path cost - 3-lowest bridgeID - 4-lowest port ID
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole
The port is forced to always authorize any connected client with no authentication necessary (default)
No

6. Where should you change the network diameter value?
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS
Used to switch packets that can't be forwarded normallly due to an encapsulation failure - unresolved address - unsupported protocol - etc.
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer
Cisco recommends only on the root bridge

7. What is DAI?
802.1D
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance
Dynamic arp inspection
Every hello interval regardless of whether BDPUs are received from root - allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology

8. How does UDLD work?
Critical...used most often for IPT
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD
On all switches in network to enable RLQ request and reply
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions

9. What does port-security restrict do?
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number
Hosts associated with a secondary VLAN can communicate with ports on the primary but not with another secondary VLAN
Single instance of STP for all VLANs. BDPUs are sent over trunks using the native VLAN with untagged frames. Dot1q based
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets

10. How is root port decided upon?
Single instance of STP for all VLANs. BDPUs are sent over trunks using the native VLAN with untagged frames. Dot1q based
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table
Using digital certificates
Lowest cumulative cost to root

11. What is RPVST+?
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk
Roughly 50%

12. Where should STP timers be configured and why?
Show standby
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
Distribution layer
On root - because the root bridge propagates timers with config BDPU

13. How are VACLs applied
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)
Hold time is 3xhello. A skew time of 256ms-routerpriority)/256ms is added
No
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings

14. What is DSCP codepoint AF41(34)?
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up
No because they only participate if asked
Yes
Flash override (class 4)

15. How does 802.1q handle COS?
Weak key rotation
134 bits
The configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS

16. WEP encryption
Weak key rotation
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.
1-(opt) set system priority - 2-select interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-set the mode - 5-(opt) set the port priority
An AP's coverage area

17. What is a LACP priority?
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports
Some unused bits are used to allow a port to identify its role and state. Also the BDPUs state that they are V2 BDPUs

18. What's the easiest way to configure GLBP timers?
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate
All user ports that have portfast enabled
Disabled - blocking - listening - learning - forwarding

19. How does HSRP gateway addressing work
0000.5e00.01xx
Each physical interface has a different IP address. All physical interfaces point to a virtual interface called the standby address or VIP
The same as a standby group in HSRP
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)

20. What is the LACP priority range?
Both ends should be on because on modes doesn't send PAgP or LACP packets
Protects STP when a physical malfunction only allows traffic in 1 direction - even though the link shows as up (cisco proprietary)
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability

21. What must be in common for a BSS to form?
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS
No shut

22. How many users should be within a switch block?
Roughly 2000
With the skinny protocol
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC
A point to point port type

23. When are RSTP bdpus sent?
63 kbps
Every hello interval regardless of whether BDPUs are received from root - allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies

24. RSTP root port
Automatically by duplex mode in use. Full duplex are point ot point. Half duplex ports use traditional 802.1D convergence is used.
Best effort delivery - integrated services model - and differentiated services model
Port with best root path cost
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports

25. How does an LAP bind with a WLC?
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.
Cisco ILP and 802.3af
The port asks the other end to trunk
Yes

26. Which 4 things must be agreeable to trunk?
Cisco ILP and 802.3af
Lowest cumulative cost to root
A key string of up to 8 characters is sent. Default is cisco.
1- trunking mode - 2-trunk encapsulation - 3-native VLAN - 4-allowed VLAN

27. What are 2 ways to configure VLAN and VTP information?
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy
Distribution layer
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings
The DCF interframe space- the random backoff time before a wireless set can transmit

28. When DHCP snooping is turned on - by default - it considers all ports ______
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry
Yes to both
Either desirable or auto mode
Untrusted

29. What method of QOS does voice traffic use most frequently?
Yes
A point to point port type but the neighboring device runs traditional 802.1D STP
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up
Differentiated services

30. What is backbonefast?
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies
Causes switch to actively determine whether alternative paths exist to root bridge in case ther eis an indirect failure
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO

31. How does Root Guard work?

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32. How does DSCP handle IP precedence?
5 classes with 3 drop precedences
A point to point port type but the neighboring device runs traditional 802.1D STP
The topology is pre-populated by downloading the topology DB into the FIB and dynamically updated. Called Cisco Express Forwarding
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1

33. What is the default network diameter?
7 switches from root bridge
Collision domain
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate
FE - GE - and aggregated FE/GE Etherchannels

34. What is a cell?

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35. When looking at the sh spanning tree output - What does P2P peer(STP) denote?
Edge - root - and point to point
A point to point port type but the neighboring device runs traditional 802.1D STP
A single broadcast domain
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen

36. How does GLBP work?
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance
0-255
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table

37. How do you show HSRP status
Priority (class 1)
Show standby
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it
To the virtual port-channel interface

38. How do you prevent switch spoofing?
Dynamic WEP keys that change periodically
By configuring every switch port to have an expected and controlled behavior
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged
Root - designated - alternate - and backup

39. What is the port priority range?
0-255 (lower is better)
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby
Plain text or md5

40. How is an instance defined?
Collision domain
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table
Isolated and community
Control functions

41. What is the bridge priority range?
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings
As a VLAN access map
The switch adds its MAC to the option 82 field so that the DHCP reply echoes back the switch's own information

42. What is an ESS?
Silent
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries
No shut
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.

43. How can you load-balance with HSRP?
Create 2 hsrp groups - each with the active router being different switches - then have clients point to each
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
Admin down

44. Can two switches in the auto(PAgP) or passive (LACP) mode create a channel? Why?
Port with best root path cost
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry
That they aren't using the same frequencies.
No because they only participate if asked

45. Each switch port is a _____ ______
Makes use of the DHCP snooping database and static ip source binding entries. If enabled - switch will test addresses
Can send and receive BDPUs
Trusted or untrusted
Collision domain

46. What is SSO?

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47. What are the 3 redundant supervisor modes?
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)
1 to 64
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec

48. How much overlap should WAPs have?
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds
1 -2 -5.5 and 11 Mbps - Channels 1/6/11 - 2.4Ghz
One router is the active virtual gateway - has highest priority or IP in group - answers all ARP requests and gives MAC based on load balancing
10-15%

49. How does IPT behave when the voce VLAN is in the default none mode?
Used to switch packets destined for the null interface
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions
Data and voice over native vlan no QOS and no 802.1p trunk
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric

50. What is the STP forwarding state?
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs
2 seconds
Automatically by duplex mode in use. Full duplex are point ot point. Half duplex ports use traditional 802.1D convergence is used.
TCAM