CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Where is loop guard enabled?
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies
The ASIC
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports


2. What is DSCP codepoint AF21(18)?
1-(opt) set system priority - 2-select interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-set the mode - 5-(opt) set the port priority
Silent
Immediate (class 2)
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface


3. What are the caveats for HSRP port tracking?
Cisco recommends only on the root bridge
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10
Lowest cumulative cost to root
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up


4. What is GLBP weight?
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)
Makes use of the DHCP snooping database and static ip source binding entries. If enabled - switch will test addresses
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface


5. 802.11g
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
Compatible with 802.11b - up to 54Mbps in 12 data rates - 3 channels - 2.4Ghz
Packets must be sent to the L3 engine for further processing
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance


6. What are the 6 HSRP states?
16 - IST gets MSTI 0 - 1-15 are available for use. MSTIs are locally significant to the MST region
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server
A point to point port type
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active


7. RSTP uses which standard?
802.1w
Those that connect to other switches
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings


8. What does the src-mac option do when checking ARP replies
Checks the source MAC in the header against the sender MAC in the ARP reply
Src-dst-ip
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.
Control functions


9. What functions does a LAP perform?
Value - mask - and result (VMR) combinations
Real-time functions such as beacons and probes - encryption and interactions with the client at L2
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains


10. What is a community secondary VLAN?
Route once - switch many
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan
Some unused bits are used to allow a port to identify its role and state. Also the BDPUs state that they are V2 BDPUs
Between any type of interface as long as the interface can have an L3 address assigned


11. What does the dst-mac option do when checking ARP replies
224.0.0.2 (all routers)
Checks the destination MAC in the header against the target MAC in the ARP reply
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root


12. What is dynamic auto?
Switched Virtual Interface - an L3 address can be assigned to a logical interface that represents an entire VLAN - which becomes the DGW for that VLAN
Silent
4
Will trunk if asked


13. Can ARP replies be checked
Root - designated - blocking - alternate - forwarding (host)
Only on ports that have same static VLANs or trunking. It also modifies parameters of the channel if one of the ports is modified
Yes
Differentiated services code point


14. What does a LAP do if it loses communication with it's WLC?
Full duplex
A single broadcast domain
LACP port priority
Reboots and searches for a new WLC


15. What is DSCP codepoint AF31(26)?
1-name the chain - 2-establish a key number - 3-create the key string - 4-apply the chain to the string
Route once - switch many
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings
Flash (class 3)


16. What can cause a wireless client to switch between Aps?
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network
Auto mode


17. What is the STP forward delay timer?
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network
300 sec by default
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability


18. At what layer does EAPOL run?
The same as a standby group in HSRP
L2
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan


19. What is a service set?
2 - one for control messages and one for data
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID
Best effort delivery - integrated services model - and differentiated services model
The L3 forwarding engine can't forward the packet in hardware because there is no L2 next-hop address - so the packet is sent to the L3 engine to generate the ARP response


20. Where shoul dmultilayer switches be implemented?
Trusted ports
Distribution layer
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another


21. What does the RP do?
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary
Control functions


22. How is Root Guard used?
On ports where you never expect to find a root bridge for a VLAN
Lowest cumulative cost to root
Configuration and TCN
All ports where root isn't expected


23. How does ISL do trunking?
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.
Weak key rotation
The campus network's backbone


24. What are the steps to configure MST?
Half-duplex
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset
1- enable MST - 2-enter MST config mode - 3-assign region name and region configuration rev - 4-map vlans to an MSTI - 5-show pending changes - 6- commit by exiting


25. RSTP root port
Used to switch packets destined for the null interface
Compatible with 802.11b - up to 54Mbps in 12 data rates - 3 channels - 2.4Ghz
Port with best root path cost
Causes switch to actively determine whether alternative paths exist to root bridge in case ther eis an indirect failure


26. RSTP learning state
Incoming frames dropped - but MACs learned
Multicasts to 224.0.0.18 (VRRP)
They disguise the origin of an attack
It can't


27. What does the SP do?
Hosts associated with a secondary VLAN can communicate with ports on the primary but not with another secondary VLAN
0-255
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP
Prevents the dhcp binding DB from being checked.


28. FE connectors use...
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors


29. What is UDLD aggressive mode?

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30. What is arp throttling?
Up to 4 can be used in a group. Called active virtual forwarders (AVF)
Cisco recommends only on the root bridge
During the time that the FIB entry is in CEF glean waiting for ARP entries - subsequent packet to that host are dropped to keep input queues from filling
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN


31. What is the traditional MLS view of switching?
Manually
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary
Route once - switch many
Trusted ports


32. How many MST instances can be in a region?
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface
16 - IST gets MSTI 0 - 1-15 are available for use. MSTIs are locally significant to the MST region
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.


33. How is an RSTP edge port configured
By using a hash of a key string
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM
With portfast
0-255


34. What does MSTP do?
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance
Yes
During the time that the FIB entry is in CEF glean waiting for ARP entries - subsequent packet to that host are dropped to keep input queues from filling
Checks the sender's ip in all arp requests and checks the sender's IP against target IP in all replies


35. What does the ip option do when checking ARP replies

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36. What is best effort delivery QOS?
It's a router that maintains routes (static or dynamic) - and populates the FIB
Switches make an effort to move packets as quickly as possible
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec


37. What is an insignificant topology change?
A host port goes up or down
Dynamic WEP keys that change periodically
Usually QoS from VOIP but not PC dataa
Any ports associated with an isolated vlan can reach the primary - but not any other secondary. Hosts withn an isolated vlan can't reach each other


38. What is a null adjacency?
Only when a nonedge port transitions to forwarding
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router
Used to switch packets destined for the null interface
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)


39. How do you configure a DHCP gateway?
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server
Switches make an effort to move packets as quickly as possible
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action


40. What are the 2 UDLD modes?
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials
300 sec by default
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS
Normal and aggressive


41. How does UDLD work?
The same as a standby group in HSRP
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD
Only on ports that have same static VLANs or trunking. It also modifies parameters of the channel if one of the ports is modified
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches


42. What is a proxy arp?

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43. How does HSRP port tracking work?

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44. 802.11a
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack
The DCF interframe space- the random backoff time before a wireless set can transmit
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz


45. What is a VRRP group?
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings
The active router. All other routers are in backup state
The same as a standby group in HSRP
The port asks the other end to trunk


46. If one end of an Etherchannel (either type) is set to on and the channel doesn't form - what should you check?

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47. If there are 2 ports with same root cost - how is the tie broken for designated port?
The topology is pre-populated by downloading the topology DB into the FIB and dynamically updated. Called Cisco Express Forwarding
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over specified VLAN - voice QOS is 802.1p
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
1-lowest root bridge ID - 2-lowest root path cost - 3-lowest bridgeID - 4-lowest port ID


48. What is differentiated services model QOS?
Each network device handles packets individually with no advance reservations
FE - GE - and aggregated FE/GE Etherchannels
12 kbps with headers and compression
Immediate (class 2)


49. Where does layer switching occur?
Between any type of interface as long as the interface can have an L3 address assigned
With portfast
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
Port stays up - packets from violating MACs dropped - no logging


50. When DHCP snooping is turned on - by default - it considers all ports ______
Data and voice over native vlan no QOS and no 802.1p trunk
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry
Route once - switch many
Untrusted