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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the duration time in a wireless frame?
Each frame transmits its expected duration time
Differentiated services code point
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number
Regions and instances

2. What does a LAP do if it loses communication with it's WLC?
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate
Connects with SONET or SDH
1- enable MST - 2-enter MST config mode - 3-assign region name and region configuration rev - 4-map vlans to an MSTI - 5-show pending changes - 6- commit by exiting
Reboots and searches for a new WLC

3. Where is root guard enabled?

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4. What does Root Guard do?
Src-ip - dst-ip - src-dst-ip - src-mac - dst-mac - src-dst-mac - src-port - dst-port - src-dst-port
Controls where candidate root bridges can be connected and found on a network
1/2 and 3/6
As a VLAN access map

5. When looking at the sh spanning tree output - What does P2P peer(STP) denote?
Port stays up - packets from violating MACs dropped - no logging
An AP's coverage area
A point to point port type but the neighboring device runs traditional 802.1D STP
Almost eliminates listening and learning states for single hosts on an access link

6. How do Cisco IP phones communicate with the CCM?
A point to point port type but the neighboring device runs traditional 802.1D STP
With the skinny protocol
Half because transmitting and receiving stations use the same frequency
1- enable MST - 2-enter MST config mode - 3-assign region name and region configuration rev - 4-map vlans to an MSTI - 5-show pending changes - 6- commit by exiting

7. How does every HSRP config command begin?
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance
802.11
1 per segment
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number

8. What is integrated services model QOS?
224.0.0.2 (all routers)
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec
If a unidirectional link is detected - the port continues normally - but the port is marked as undetermined and a syslog is generated

9. What does MSTP consist of?
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.
Access
Regions and instances
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance

10. what I s distributed CEF (dCEF)?
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)

11. Where are security and QoS ACLs stored?
Via an 802.1Q trunk or a single VLAN access port
Each frame transmits its expected duration time
TCAM
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack

12. What is layer 3 roaming?
When a client roams between Aps in different subnets
It's a router that maintains routes (static or dynamic) - and populates the FIB
That they aren't using the same frequencies.
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole

13. Which ports should you consider trusted for DAI?
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack
Those that connect to other switches
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another

14. What is the size of a TCAM value?
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up
Only for trusted Cisco gear - especially phones
Allows devices to interoperate with PVST and CST. Can use both dot1q and ISL
134 bits - consisting of source and destination addresses and protocol information from the packet or frame

15. What is portfast?
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group
The switch checks the MAC and IP reported in the reply against trusted values. If they don't match - it is dropped and logged
Almost eliminates listening and learning states for single hosts on an access link
7 switches from root bridge

16. How does DAI work?
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance
Frames are forwarded
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.

17. How can you load-balance with HSRP?
Create 2 hsrp groups - each with the active router being different switches - then have clients point to each
2 seconds
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)
Globally

18. What is unique about HSRP group numbers?
Immediate (class 2)
It can't
Change in trunk encap
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another

19. What is the STP disabled state?
1 -2 -5.5 and 11 Mbps - Channels 1/6/11 - 2.4Ghz
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole
Root
Admin down

20. What is the cost of a 1Gbps link?
4
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1
On ports where you never expect to find a root bridge for a VLAN
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)

21. How much overlap should WAPs have?
Prevents the dhcp binding DB from being checked.
10-15%
Globally
A port can only forward or relay BDPUs - but can't receive them - disabled by default - enabled per-port - blocks port when superior BDPUs are received

22. What are the port channel load balancing methods?
Half-duplex
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports
Src-ip - dst-ip - src-dst-ip - src-mac - dst-mac - src-dst-mac - src-port - dst-port - src-dst-port

23. How do IP phones communicate with each other?
Dynamic arp inspection
A point to point port type
1 -2 -5.5 and 11 Mbps - Channels 1/6/11 - 2.4Ghz
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP

24. What are the 6 HSRP states?
Used to switch packets that can't be forwarded normallly due to an encapsulation failure - unresolved address - unsupported protocol - etc.
1 IP subnet
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number

25. What is the STP listening state?
Can send and receive BDPUs
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group
1-ID link path costs - 2-ID roodt bridge - 3-select root port (1/switch) - 4-select designated port (1/segment) - 5-ID blocking port
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz

26. How doed backbonefast work?
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings
By short-circuiting the max age timer
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer

27. What is the bridge priority range?
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better

28. What is DSCP codepoint AF31(26)?
Only when a nonedge port transitions to forwarding
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge
Flash (class 3)

29. 802.11g
Compatible with 802.11b - up to 54Mbps in 12 data rates - 3 channels - 2.4Ghz
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials
Port with best root path cost on segment
L2

30. What address does HSRP send hello packets to?
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack
224.0.0.2 (all routers)
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active

31. How does ILP do power discovery?
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw
FIB
Sends a test tone on the transmit pair. If a device is detected - CDP is used to narrow down the power class.
2 - one for control messages and one for data

32. How are multiple VLANs mapped to multiple SSIDs?
2 seconds
By using a trunk link
Src-dst-ip
If the switch or the powered device doesn't suport power class discovery

33. What is layer 2 roaming?
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies
Any ports associated with an isolated vlan can reach the primary - but not any other secondary. Hosts withn an isolated vlan can't reach each other
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet
Access or trunk

34. What is errdisable dtp-flap?
Globally
Change in trunk encap
Port stays up - packets from violating MACs dropped - no logging
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface

35. What is a CEF punt?

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36. What does the SP do?
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials
Trusted or untrusted
No
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP

37. If a wireless station needs to transmit and another device is transmitting - what happens?
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
Hosts associated with a secondary VLAN can communicate with ports on the primary but not with another secondary VLAN
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q
Full duplex

38. What is a discard adjacency?
5 (0-4 with 4 being the highest)
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root

39. How often are BDPUs sent?
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
2 seconds (def)

40. What is route caching?

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41. Can two switches in the auto(PAgP) or passive (LACP) mode create a channel? Why?
No because they only participate if asked
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)
Flash override (class 4)

42. What is dhcp snooping rate limiting?
Limits the number if dhcp requests on a port
Route once - switch many
It's a router that maintains routes (static or dynamic) - and populates the FIB
Access

43. What are the PAgP negotiation modes
A single broadcast domain
It is enabled by default on all CEF capable switches
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID

44. What is an MST instance?
The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q
They must be carried over a voice VLAN (VVID) or over a regular data VLAN (ie. The native VLAN or the PVID)
Connects with SONET or SDH

45. How far chould a VLAN extend?
300 sec
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over specified VLAN - voice QOS is 802.1p
Distribution layer
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)

46. How long are TCAM masks?
Cisco ILP and 802.3af
Limits the number if dhcp requests on a port
134 bits
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)

47. What is DSCP codepoint AF41(34)?
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
Flash override (class 4)
Src-ip - dst-ip - src-dst-ip - src-mac - dst-mac - src-dst-mac - src-port - dst-port - src-dst-port
Those that connect to other switches

48. How much overlap should a wireless repeater have?
Very high L3 throughput - no access lists or port filtering - redundancy and resilience - advanced QoS
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz
Used when ACLs specify port ranges...used by TCAM
Roughly 50%

49. What is the PVLAN host mode?
When a client roams between Aps in different subnets
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan

50. How does a DHCP server send WLC addresses?
Globally or per-port
Show standby
Option 43
Using digital certificates