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CCNP Switch Deck

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. How does HSRP do MD5 authentication?
By using a hash of a key string
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability
Trunk
Any ports associated with an isolated vlan can reach the primary - but not any other secondary. Hosts withn an isolated vlan can't reach each other

2. What are the 6 HSRP states?
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active
If the switch or the powered device doesn't suport power class discovery

3. What is latency?
The switch checks the MAC and IP reported in the reply against trusted values. If they don't match - it is dropped and logged
No because they only participate if asked
The total delay from start to finish
Connects with SONET or SDH

4. Where should you change the network diameter value?
Cisco recommends only on the root bridge
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability
802.1w
Trunk

5. How should the switch port to which an autonomous AP be configured?
Trunk
Usually QoS from VOIP but not PC dataa
Real-time functions such as beacons and probes - encryption and interactions with the client at L2
If a unidirectional link is detected - the port continues normally - but the port is marked as undetermined and a syslog is generated

6. How should the switch port to which a WLC be configured?
The distribution layer should have only L3 links
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP
Trunk
Should be used on access switches - can't be used on root - keeps enabled switch from becoming root by raising priority of switch and all ports - making them undesirable

7. What is the adjacency table?
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry
Only a single host connects . If one BDPU is received - it is no longer an edge port
Checks the source MAC in the header against the sender MAC in the ARP reply
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP

8. How does every VRRP command begin?
Yes
Admin down
Every hello interval regardless of whether BDPUs are received from root - allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number

9. How is the HSRP MAC address configured?
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value
On all switches in network to enable RLQ request and reply
With the skinny protocol
It's a router that maintains routes (static or dynamic) - and populates the FIB

10. Define HSRP
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen
Globally or per-port
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.
Both layer 2 switching and IVR

11. How does UDLD work?
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured
On all switches in network to enable RLQ request and reply
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD

12. How does IPT behave when the voice VLAN is in untagged mode?
They should be an unconditional Etherchannel because the WLC can't negotiate a channel.
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC
2 seconds
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk

13. What 2 tunnelling mechanisms do the LAP and WLC use to communicate?
The master router can share the VIP
On ports where you never expect to find a root bridge for a VLAN
LWAPP (Cisco proprietary) and CAP-WAP (standards based)
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)

14. What is dynamic desireable?
It's a router that maintains routes (static or dynamic) - and populates the FIB
The TOS field in the header is used. 2 methods 3 bits or 6 bits
The port asks the other end to trunk
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)

15. Automatically configure STP timers
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole
Use the spanning-tree root macro
Yes
By using an Ether-IP tunnel

16. What functions does a LAP perform?
Option 43
They disguise the origin of an attack
Real-time functions such as beacons and probes - encryption and interactions with the client at L2
2 seconds (def)

17. What contains the next-hop entries?
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack
Via an 802.1Q trunk or a single VLAN access port
FIB

18. What is the format of the VRRP virtual MAC?
0000.5e00.01xx
For hosts that doesn't understand routing - the DGW is configured to reply with its own mac
Connects to a router - firewall - or gateway. Can communicate with anything else connected to the primary or any secondary. Ignores pvlan config
Distribution layer

19. What are the 5 STP port roles?
Root - designated - blocking - alternate - forwarding (host)
MAC of the end device
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)
Usually QoS from VOIP but not PC dataa

20. What is DSCP codepoint AF31(26)?
Configure non-silent submode
To the virtual port-channel interface
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it
Flash (class 3)

21. What is BDPU Guard?
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state
802.1D
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)
On all switches in network to enable RLQ request and reply

22. What is the default 10mbps Enet duplex?
Each frame transmits its expected duration time
Root
Best effort delivery - integrated services model - and differentiated services model
Half-duplex

23. How often are VRRP advertisements sent?
Variation in delay
L2
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
Turn on port security

24. What is the SDM?
Differentiated services
All ports where root isn't expected
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions
63 kbps

25. What are TCAM entries composed of?
Automatically by duplex mode in use. Full duplex are point ot point. Half duplex ports use traditional 802.1D convergence is used.
Value - mask - and result (VMR) combinations
Any dhcp reply coming from an untrusted port is discarded and the offending port is put in errdisable
By using a hash of a key string

26. What is the GLBP redirect timer?
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root
With portfast
Disabled - blocking - listening - learning - forwarding
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies

27. What must you be sure of if AP cells overlap?

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28. How do you configure LACP standby links?
LACP port priority
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.
Checks the destination MAC in the header against the target MAC in the ARP reply
Variation in delay

29. What are the characteristics of the core layer
Very high L3 throughput - no access lists or port filtering - redundancy and resilience - advanced QoS
Stateful switchover - redundant sup is fully booted and init'd. Both start and run config are synched as is L2 information - and switchinterfaces.
Yes to both
Sets the switchport mode to access - enables portfast - and turns off channel grouping for the port

30. What types of authentication does HSRP allow?
Plain text or md5
The ASIC
Local only
The L3 forwarding engine can't forward the packet in hardware because there is no L2 next-hop address - so the packet is sent to the L3 engine to generate the ARP response

31. How does uplinkfast handle changes in topology?
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state
Collision domain
Plain text or md5

32. What is the size of ISL encapsulation?
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC
63 kbps
Distribution layer
134 bits - consisting of source and destination addresses and protocol information from the packet or frame

33. In a converged fabric - which switch(es) send config BDPUs?
FE and GE
Root
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
Those that connect to other switches

34. How many links can be used in an EtherChannel?
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.
MAC of the end device
Flash override (class 4)

35. If a wireless station needs to transmit and no other device is transmitting - what happens?
Port
Yes
The point at which a switch decides to trust incoming Qos. Usually at boundary with ISP
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack

36. How does Root Guard work?

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37. How is DHCP snooping enabled (scope)?
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server
0-255
1/2 and 3/6
Globally

38. What types of ports autonegotiate?
FE and GE
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q
802.1D
Differentiated services

39. How is an instance defined?
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10
If the switch or the powered device doesn't suport power class discovery
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.

40. Define GLBP
Yes
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)

41. What is a drop adjacency?

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42. What is DSCP codepoint AF21(18)?
Immediate (class 2)
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan
Only for trusted Cisco gear - especially phones
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number

43. What is the duration time in a wireless frame?
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number
Each frame transmits its expected duration time
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer
Access

44. How are BDPUs spread?
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up
Incoming frames dropped - but MACs learned

45. What are the 3 unlicensed frequencies?
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz
Very high L3 throughput - no access lists or port filtering - redundancy and resilience - advanced QoS
FIB
Yes

46. How does GLBP work?
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance
Access
0-255

47. What must be in common for a BSS to form?
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)
By configuring every switch port to have an expected and controlled behavior
That they aren't using the same frequencies.
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials

48. What is the size of a TCAM value?
134 bits - consisting of source and destination addresses and protocol information from the packet or frame
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs
Port is forced to never authorize any connected client
Interim solution - uses same hardware as WEP - but uses TKIP encryption

49. What is an IST instance?
Within a single MST region - an IST instances runs to work out a loop free topology between links where CST meets the region boundary and all switches in the region. It runs at the boundary.
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies
300 sec
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q

50. What is a microcell?
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced
It's a router that maintains routes (static or dynamic) - and populates the FIB
1-ID link path costs - 2-ID roodt bridge - 3-select root port (1/switch) - 4-select designated port (1/segment) - 5-ID blocking port

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CCNP Switch Deck

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