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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the STP Max Age timer?
1-(opt) set system priority - 2-select interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-set the mode - 5-(opt) set the port priority
Aggregation - high L3 throughput - security and policy based connectivity functions through access lists and packet filters - QoS - scalable high-speed links
By short-circuiting the max age timer
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds

2. What is 802.1x force-authorized?
The port is forced to always authorize any connected client with no authentication necessary (default)
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
Used to switch packets that can't be forwarded normallly due to an encapsulation failure - unresolved address - unsupported protocol - etc.

3. How does every GLBP command begin
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)
Compatible with 802.11b - up to 54Mbps in 12 data rates - 3 channels - 2.4Ghz
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number
For hosts that doesn't understand routing - the DGW is configured to reply with its own mac

4. What is an indirect topology change?
Trusted ports
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)
Disabled - blocking - listening - learning - forwarding
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic

5. How should the switch port to which a WLC be configured?
Trunk
A private VLAN can be logically associated with a special secondary vlan
No
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.

6. What is the cost of a 1Gbps link?
Prevents the dhcp binding DB from being checked.
An AP's coverage area
4
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO

7. What is the bridge priority range?
For hosts that doesn't understand routing - the DGW is configured to reply with its own mac
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine
Promiscuous and host
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better

8. How often are HSRP hellos sent?
Hosts associated with a secondary VLAN can communicate with ports on the primary but not with another secondary VLAN
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p
Each frame transmits its expected duration time

9. What cabling do GBICs use?
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.
A TCN BDPU is sent out of the switch's root port. The switch will continue sending TCN's every hello interval until ack'd by upstream neighbor. The root bridge will send a Config BDPU to all switches
SC fiber or RJ-45
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)

10. What is a vlan?
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active
A single broadcast domain

11. What are the 2 UDLD modes?
An AP's coverage area
12 kbps with headers and compression
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan
Normal and aggressive

12. One vlan should =
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials
1 IP subnet

13. What does the version number indicate when looking at CEF entries?
A TCN BDPU is sent out of the switch's root port. The switch will continue sending TCN's every hello interval until ack'd by upstream neighbor. The root bridge will send a Config BDPU to all switches
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated
Usually QoS from VOIP but not PC dataa
16 - IST gets MSTI 0 - 1-15 are available for use. MSTIs are locally significant to the MST region

14. What does UDLD do?
FE and GE
Protects STP when a physical malfunction only allows traffic in 1 direction - even though the link shows as up (cisco proprietary)
The frame tag contains a 3 but portion tagged from 0 (low) to 7 (high)
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP

15. RSTP edge port
Only a single host connects . If one BDPU is received - it is no longer an edge port
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
1 -2 -5.5 and 11 Mbps - Channels 1/6/11 - 2.4Ghz
To the virtual port-channel interface

16. What is accelerated CEF (aCEF)?
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset
The total delay from start to finish
FE and GE

17. What duplex setting does 802.11 use and why?
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.
0000.5e00.01xx
Half because transmitting and receiving stations use the same frequency
One router is the active virtual gateway - has highest priority or IP in group - answers all ARP requests and gives MAC based on load balancing

18. How does DSCP handle IP precedence?
0-255
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it
Silent
5 classes with 3 drop precedences

19. the static port to vlan membership is handled in _____
0-255 (lower is better)
On by default
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router
The ASIC

20. How does Root Guard work?

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21. What is a root link query (RLQ)?
Cisco recommends only on the root bridge
1- enable MST - 2-enter MST config mode - 3-assign region name and region configuration rev - 4-map vlans to an MSTI - 5-show pending changes - 6- commit by exiting
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge
A private VLAN can be logically associated with a special secondary vlan

22. How does an L2 switch do QOS?
Group (0-255) - priority (1-254 254 is highest - 100 default)
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk
Trunk

23. What is a topology change?
Isolated and community
MAC of the end device
When a port moves into forwarding or from fowarding or learning to blocking.
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured

24. What if RSTP BDPUs aren't received?
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged
MST attributes must be manually entereed on each switch in the region. They don' t propagate like VTP.
134 bits
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic

25. What is the default 10mbps Enet duplex?
Half-duplex
Both ends should be on because on modes doesn't send PAgP or LACP packets
Plain text or md5
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action

26. What is step 1 of enabling IP source guard?
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan
A port can only forward or relay BDPUs - but can't receive them - disabled by default - enabled per-port - blocks port when superior BDPUs are received
Configure and enable DHCP snooping
134 bits - consisting of source and destination addresses and protocol information from the packet or frame

27. Where does layer switching occur?
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan
Between any type of interface as long as the interface can have an L3 address assigned
MST attributes must be manually entereed on each switch in the region. They don' t propagate like VTP.
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs

28. How do you disable DTP when you configure both ends of the ISL manually?
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS
Stateful switchover - redundant sup is fully booted and init'd. Both start and run config are synched as is L2 information - and switchinterfaces.
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability

29. WPA2 encryption
Needs hardware upgrade over WEP - uses AES encryption
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)
Only when a nonedge port transitions to forwarding

30. What are the 3 trunk encap modes?
Some unused bits are used to allow a port to identify its role and state. Also the BDPUs state that they are V2 BDPUs
No
Real-time Transport Protocol
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)

31. What is best effort delivery QOS?
12 kbps with headers and compression
Switches make an effort to move packets as quickly as possible
19
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions

32. Can ARP replies be checked
1-(opt) configure load balancing - 2-select the interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-select the mode and submode
Yes
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports
Disabled - blocking - listening - learning - forwarding

33. What are the three basic types of QOS?
A key string of up to 8 characters is sent. Default is cisco.
Best effort delivery - integrated services model - and differentiated services model
Critical...used most often for IPT
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports

34. What is an SVI?
The port uses 802.1x exchange to move from unauthorized to authorized. Requires app on client
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack
Switched Virtual Interface - an L3 address can be assigned to a logical interface that represents an entire VLAN - which becomes the DGW for that VLAN
Distribution layer

35. How does GLBP work?
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
Needs hardware upgrade over WEP - uses AES encryption
On ports where you never expect to find a root bridge for a VLAN
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance

36. What does the switchport host macro do?
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry
No
Connects with SONET or SDH
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP

37. Where are security and QoS ACLs stored?
Within a single MST region - an IST instances runs to work out a loop free topology between links where CST meets the region boundary and all switches in the region. It runs at the boundary.
Flash (class 3)
They should be an unconditional Etherchannel because the WLC can't negotiate a channel.
TCAM

38. How far chould a VLAN extend?
Yes
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number
Distribution layer
TCAM

39. What are the restrictions for bundling into an Etherchannel?
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings
Can hear only BDPUs
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface
Value - mask - and result (VMR) combinations

40. What is a null adjacency?
Used to switch packets destined for the null interface
The port asks the other end to trunk
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies
Real-time Transport Protocol

41. What is the default network diameter?
Collision domain
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
7 switches from root bridge
If a unidirectional link is detected - the port continues normally - but the port is marked as undetermined and a syslog is generated

42. where does L2 switching occur?
Between interfaces that are assigned to L2 VLANs or L2 trunks
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary
A TCN BDPU is sent out of the switch's root port. The switch will continue sending TCN's every hello interval until ack'd by upstream neighbor. The root bridge will send a Config BDPU to all switches

43. How is RSTP synchronization accomplished?
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root
Isolated and community
The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz

44. What is layer 2 roaming?
On by default
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack
Automatically by duplex mode in use. Full duplex are point ot point. Half duplex ports use traditional 802.1D convergence is used.

45. What is the GLBP group and priority range
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)
Immediate (class 2)
Protects STP when a physical malfunction only allows traffic in 1 direction - even though the link shows as up (cisco proprietary)
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)

46. FE connectors use...
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
Globally or per-port

47. How does HSRP election work?
Port stays up - packets from violating MACs dropped - no logging
Option 43
Local only
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker

48. When looking at the sh spanning tree output - What does P2P peer(STP) denote?
Option 43
A point to point port type but the neighboring device runs traditional 802.1D STP
Will trunk if asked
0-255

49. How does every HSRP config command begin?
Only on ports that have same static VLANs or trunking. It also modifies parameters of the channel if one of the ports is modified
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number
Promiscuous and host
5 (0-4 with 4 being the highest)

50. How does uplinkfast handle changes in topology?
LWAPP (Cisco proprietary) and CAP-WAP (standards based)
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table
No
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.