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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is a cell?

2. What is portfast?
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal
LWAPP (Cisco proprietary) and CAP-WAP (standards based)
Automatically by duplex mode in use. Full duplex are point ot point. Half duplex ports use traditional 802.1D convergence is used.
Almost eliminates listening and learning states for single hosts on an access link

3. How does 802.3af do power discovery?
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker
Sends a voltage across the receive pairs to detect a 25k ohm resistance
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config
On all switches in network to enable RLQ request and reply

4. What are the RSTP port states?
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
FE - GE - and aggregated FE/GE Etherchannels
Discarding - learning - forwarding

5. What is the STP learning state?
The port asks the other end to trunk
Silent
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies

6. How does RSTP converge?
Checks the sender's ip in all arp requests and checks the sender's IP against target IP in all replies
Flash (class 3)
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves
To the virtual port-channel interface

7. What is an end to end vlan?
Cisco recommends only on the root bridge
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric

8. What pins does FE use?
Compatible with 802.11b - up to 54Mbps in 12 data rates - 3 channels - 2.4Ghz
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
Very high L3 throughput - no access lists or port filtering - redundancy and resilience - advanced QoS
1/2 and 3/6

9. What is a punt adjacency?
Packets must be sent to the L3 engine for further processing
Untrusted
Checks the source MAC in the header against the sender MAC in the ARP reply
224.0.0.2 (all routers)

10. What scope is 802.1x enabled?
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface
Roughly 2000
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)
Globally

11. What is the IEEE standard for STP?
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged
802.1D
The master router can share the VIP
Priority (class 1)

12. What 2 tunnelling mechanisms do the LAP and WLC use to communicate?
802.1w
Edge - root - and point to point
On all switches in network to enable RLQ request and reply
LWAPP (Cisco proprietary) and CAP-WAP (standards based)

13. What is DCF?
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack
0-255
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions

14. What is the size of a TCAM value?
As a VLAN access map
134 bits - consisting of source and destination addresses and protocol information from the packet or frame
Can hear only BDPUs
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan

15. What is a VRRP group?
A MAC is seen on a different port
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface
The same as a standby group in HSRP
Isolated and community

16. How is a QoS trust bondary configured?
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table

17. Each switch port is a _____ ______
Configure non-silent submode
Collision domain
Yes to both
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.

18. Where does layer switching occur?
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.
12 kbps with headers and compression
Between any type of interface as long as the interface can have an L3 address assigned
Any ports associated with an isolated vlan can reach the primary - but not any other secondary. Hosts withn an isolated vlan can't reach each other

19. Where should you change the network diameter value?
Cisco recommends only on the root bridge
12 kbps with headers and compression
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer

20. How should the switch port to which a LAP be configured?
By sending a gratuitous ARP
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack
A point to point port type but the neighboring device runs traditional 802.1D STP
Access

21. What is an IST instance?
Src-ip - dst-ip - src-dst-ip - src-mac - dst-mac - src-dst-mac - src-port - dst-port - src-dst-port
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry
The campus network's backbone
Within a single MST region - an IST instances runs to work out a loop free topology between links where CST meets the region boundary and all switches in the region. It runs at the boundary.

22. How do you prevent switch spoofing?
Yes
Local only
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance
By configuring every switch port to have an expected and controlled behavior

23. How many 802.3af power classes are there?
By using a trunk link
5 (0-4 with 4 being the highest)
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds
Every hello interval regardless of whether BDPUs are received from root - allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology

24. How does backbonefast determine whether alternative paths exist?
Automatically negotiates a common trunk mode between switches
1- inferior BDPU on blocked-considered alternative - 2-inferior on root-all blocked ports considered alternate - 3-if inferior arrives on root and no blocked ports - assumes loss of connectivity to root
Sets the switchport mode to access - enables portfast - and turns off channel grouping for the port
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers

25. What are the 3 trunk encap modes?
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)
Promiscuous and host
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses

26. What is the default MTU?
Between interfaces that are assigned to L2 VLANs or L2 trunks
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state
1500B

27. What are the characteristics of the distribution layer?
Port stays up - packets from violating MACs dropped - no logging
Aggregation - high L3 throughput - security and policy based connectivity functions through access lists and packet filters - QoS - scalable high-speed links
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports

28. Where does VRRP send advertisements?
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack
Multicasts to 224.0.0.18 (VRRP)
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over specified VLAN - voice QOS is 802.1p

29. How does packet forwarding work
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router

30. If you want IP source guard to detect spoofed MAC addresses - what must you do?
Switched Virtual Interface - an L3 address can be assigned to a logical interface that represents an entire VLAN - which becomes the DGW for that VLAN
Turn on port security
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer

31. What is the STP forwarding state?
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs
Every hello interval regardless of whether BDPUs are received from root - allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN

32. What happens when the topology changes?

33. What data does DHCP snooping track?
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP
A port can only forward or relay BDPUs - but can't receive them - disabled by default - enabled per-port - blocks port when superior BDPUs are received
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.

34. How does the CEF L3 engine operate?

35. Does VTP pass private VLAN configuration?
The same as a standby group in HSRP
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q
A port can only forward or relay BDPUs - but can't receive them - disabled by default - enabled per-port - blocks port when superior BDPUs are received
No

36. What does the ip option do when checking ARP replies

37. What is dynamic auto?
Configure and enable DHCP snooping
Will trunk if asked
Both layer 2 switching and IVR
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies

38. Which fiber is the receive?
Checks the source MAC in the header against the sender MAC in the ARP reply
On the left as you face the connector
Via an 802.1Q trunk or a single VLAN access port
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack

39. How many users should be within a switch block?
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
Roughly 2000
4
Between any type of interface as long as the interface can have an L3 address assigned

40. How many links can be used in an EtherChannel?
Single instance of STP for all VLANs. BDPUs are sent over trunks using the native VLAN with untagged frames. Dot1q based
Differentiated services code point
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.

41. How does IPT behave when the voice VLAN is in vlan-id mode?
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over specified VLAN - voice QOS is 802.1p
All ports where root isn't expected
Usually QoS from VOIP but not PC dataa
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.

42. RSTP backup port
TCAM
802.1w
300 sec by default
Port with redundant - but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate

43. What is the STP Max Age timer?
Priority (class 1)
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated

44. How far chould a VLAN extend?
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value
Distribution layer
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)
Both ends should be on because on modes doesn't send PAgP or LACP packets

45. What is Per VLAN STP (PVST)?
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)
Root
A key string of up to 8 characters is sent. Default is cisco.

46. What is the GLBP group and priority range
On ports where you never expect to find a root bridge for a VLAN
Limits the number if dhcp requests on a port
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)

47. Which ports should you consider trusted for DAI?
By configuring every switch port to have an expected and controlled behavior
LACP port priority
Those that connect to other switches
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting

48. How does 802.1q handle COS?
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS
802.11

49. What is the DIFS?
The DCF interframe space- the random backoff time before a wireless set can transmit
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers
Multicasts to 224.0.0.18 (VRRP)
Best effort delivery - integrated services model - and differentiated services model

50. In a converged fabric - which switch(es) send config BDPUs?
Between any type of interface as long as the interface can have an L3 address assigned
Root
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings
0-255