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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Where should you change the network diameter value?
The ASIC
Cisco recommends only on the root bridge
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
That they aren't using the same frequencies.

2. What is the default network diameter?
By creating a static IP binding
Using a mobility exchange message
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
7 switches from root bridge

3. What does the switchport host macro do?
Either desirable or auto mode
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP
1/2 and 3/6
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM

4. What do you need to determine to use MSTP?
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset
Configure non-silent submode
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance
Automatically by duplex mode in use. Full duplex are point ot point. Half duplex ports use traditional 802.1D convergence is used.

5. what must be done on an SVI before it is activated?
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary
No shut

6. What is a drop adjacency?

7. What are the two private vlan association modes?
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions
Promiscuous and host
Yes
Dynamic arp inspection

8. What is the SDM?
Using digital certificates
224.0.0.2 (all routers)
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions
Only when a nonedge port transitions to forwarding

9. Define VRRP
Immediate (class 2)
Hosts associated with a secondary VLAN can communicate with ports on the primary but not with another secondary VLAN
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP
Checks the source MAC in the header against the sender MAC in the ARP reply

10. By default - what submode does PAgP operate in with the desirable and auto modes?
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated
Auto mode
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number
Silent

11. How does IPT behave when the voice VLAN is in untagged mode?
FE - GE - and aggregated FE/GE Etherchannels
The same as a standby group in HSRP
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk
0-255 (lower is better)

12. What 2 conditions does IP source guard check for?
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings
Show standby
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry
Sends a test tone on the transmit pair. If a device is detected - CDP is used to narrow down the power class.

13. How do you disable DTP when you configure both ends of the ISL manually?
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds
Trusted ports

14. How often are HSRP hellos sent?
On root - because the root bridge propagates timers with config BDPU
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00

15. What is an insignificant topology change?
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)
A host port goes up or down
The port uses 802.1x exchange to move from unauthorized to authorized. Requires app on client
1-lowest root bridge ID - 2-lowest root path cost - 3-lowest bridgeID - 4-lowest port ID

16. What is PVST plus (PVST+)?
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
Aggregation - high L3 throughput - security and policy based connectivity functions through access lists and packet filters - QoS - scalable high-speed links
Allows devices to interoperate with PVST and CST. Can use both dot1q and ISL
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses

17. How do you implement MST?

18. Does a WLC and a LAP need to be on the same subnet?
Some unused bits are used to allow a port to identify its role and state. Also the BDPUs state that they are V2 BDPUs
No
Distribution
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root

19. What are dynamic VLANs based on?
A point to point port type but the neighboring device runs traditional 802.1D STP
MAC of the end device
It's a router that maintains routes (static or dynamic) - and populates the FIB
A point to point port type

20. How does ILP do power discovery?
Bridge priority and MAC
Sends a test tone on the transmit pair. If a device is detected - CDP is used to narrow down the power class.
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan
The port uses 802.1x exchange to move from unauthorized to authorized. Requires app on client

21. where does L2 switching occur?
Access
Between interfaces that are assigned to L2 VLANs or L2 trunks
The master router can share the VIP
Cisco ILP and 802.3af

22. What is DAI?
Dynamic arp inspection
Edge - root - and point to point
Globally or per-port
Access

23. If one end of an Etherchannel (either type) is set to on and the channel doesn't form - what should you check?

24. How do you prevent VLAN hopping?
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
1500B
Used to switch packets that can't be forwarded normallly due to an encapsulation failure - unresolved address - unsupported protocol - etc.
Set the native VLAN of a trunk to a bogus or unused VLAN ID then prune the native VLAN off both ends of the trunk

25. What are the 3 ways GLBP load-balances?
16 - IST gets MSTI 0 - 1-15 are available for use. MSTIs are locally significant to the MST region
The TOS field in the header is used. 2 methods 3 bits or 6 bits
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)

26. What are the characteristics of the access layer?
All ports where root isn't expected
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry

27. What does VTP do?
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network
Yes
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured
Use the spanning-tree root macro

28. What happens during HSRP failover?
Within a single MST region - an IST instances runs to work out a loop free topology between links where CST meets the region boundary and all switches in the region. It runs at the boundary.
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability
Yes

29. How often are CAM table entries aged?
Using digital certificates
Access or trunk
FE - GE - and aggregated FE/GE Etherchannels
300 sec

30. What method of QOS does voice traffic use most frequently?
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
1-(opt) set system priority - 2-select interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-set the mode - 5-(opt) set the port priority
Differentiated services

31. What are the 5 STP states?
Makes use of the DHCP snooping database and static ip source binding entries. If enabled - switch will test addresses
Disabled - blocking - listening - learning - forwarding
The same as a standby group in HSRP
Configuration and TCN

32. What's the easiest way to configure GLBP timers?
Use the spanning-tree root macro
Allows devices to interoperate with PVST and CST. Can use both dot1q and ISL
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate

33. How does HSRP port tracking work?

34. What are the 5 STP port roles?
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
They should be an unconditional Etherchannel because the WLC can't negotiate a channel.
Incoming frames dropped - but MACs learned
Root - designated - blocking - alternate - forwarding (host)

35. What are the steps of RSTP convergence?
Causes switch to actively determine whether alternative paths exist to root bridge in case ther eis an indirect failure
Control functions
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state
Needs hardware upgrade over WEP - uses AES encryption

36. What is RPVST+?
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
Prevents the dhcp binding DB from being checked.
Discarding - learning - forwarding
No shut

37. How does ISL handle COS?
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network
Only a single host connects . If one BDPU is received - it is no longer an edge port
The frame tag contains a 3 but portion tagged from 0 (low) to 7 (high)
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole

38. How can you tell if a switch block is too large?
Local only
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block
Only on ports that have same static VLANs or trunking. It also modifies parameters of the channel if one of the ports is modified

39. What is DCF?
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced
If a unidirectional link is detected - the port continues normally - but the port is marked as undetermined and a syslog is generated
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions
Port is forced to never authorize any connected client

40. In a converged fabric - which switch(es) send config BDPUs?
One router is the active virtual gateway - has highest priority or IP in group - answers all ARP requests and gives MAC based on load balancing
Root
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root
0000.5e00.01xx

41. What is the switch block?
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up
0-255
Each network device handles packets individually with no advance reservations

42. How much overlap should WAPs have?
10-15%
Show standby
Roughly 2000
Those that connect to other switches

43. What 2 tunnelling mechanisms do the LAP and WLC use to communicate?
LWAPP (Cisco proprietary) and CAP-WAP (standards based)
Roughly 2000
Within a single MST region - an IST instances runs to work out a loop free topology between links where CST meets the region boundary and all switches in the region. It runs at the boundary.
224.0.0.2 (all routers)

44. How do IP phones communicate with each other?
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.
Distribution

45. What are the two etherchannel negotiation protocols?
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby
134 bits
Because each frame is checked

46. How does every HSRP config command begin?
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP
With the skinny protocol
5 classes with 3 drop precedences

47. What is integrated services model QOS?
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.
Collision domain
1-lowest root bridge ID - 2-lowest root path cost - 3-lowest bridgeID - 4-lowest port ID

48. what do multilayer switches do?
Hosts associated with a secondary VLAN can communicate with ports on the primary but not with another secondary VLAN
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies
Set the native VLAN of a trunk to a bogus or unused VLAN ID then prune the native VLAN off both ends of the trunk
Both layer 2 switching and IVR

49. Can loop guard and udld be used together?
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state
Full duplex
Yes
FE and GE

50. What is the cost of a 100Mbps link?
Usually QoS from VOIP but not PC dataa
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets
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