CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How does VRRP do tracking?

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2. What is route caching?

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3. How often are CAM table entries aged?
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server
300 sec
Edge - root - and point to point
Forces the router to wait for a period of time before attempting overthrow


4. How does DAI work?
Every hello interval regardless of whether BDPUs are received from root - allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.
Nonstop forwarding is an interactive method focusing on rebuilding the RIB after SUP switchover
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker


5. What functions does a LAP perform?
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric
Real-time functions such as beacons and probes - encryption and interactions with the client at L2
Both layer 2 switching and IVR
Enables switches at the end of the spanning tree branches to have a functioning root port while keeping 1 or more redundant potential ports in blocking mode. When the main fails - the other comes up.


6. What is the default 10mbps Enet duplex?
Limits the number if dhcp requests on a port
Half-duplex
The port uses 802.1x exchange to move from unauthorized to authorized. Requires app on client
Half because transmitting and receiving stations use the same frequency


7. What are the RSTP port roles?
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials
Globally or per-port
802.1D
Root - designated - alternate - and backup


8. Whan is a 10GE WAN PHY?
Change in trunk encap
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.
Reboots and searches for a new WLC
Connects with SONET or SDH


9. How much BW does a PSTN connection use?
Forces the router to wait for a period of time before attempting overthrow
Both layer 2 switching and IVR
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance
63 kbps


10. How does IPT behave when the voice VLAN is in dot1p mode?
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
0-255 (lower is better)
Will trunk if asked


11. What are the RSTP port states?
Discarding - learning - forwarding
Because each frame is checked
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.


12. What is RTP?
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.
Real-time Transport Protocol
The master router can share the VIP
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN


13. What does the SP do?
Stateful switchover - redundant sup is fully booted and init'd. Both start and run config are synched as is L2 information - and switchinterfaces.
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP
FE and GE
When a specific interface is tracked - HSRP reduces it's priority after a specified interval.


14. What is Per VLAN STP (PVST)?
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q
Connects with SONET or SDH
300 sec by default
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies


15. What does the switchport host macro do?
Flash override (class 4)
Sets the switchport mode to access - enables portfast - and turns off channel grouping for the port
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table
Switches make an effort to move packets as quickly as possible


16. How do you prevent switch spoofing?
Promiscuous and host
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack
By configuring every switch port to have an expected and controlled behavior


17. Which 4 things must be agreeable to trunk?
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric
1- enable MST - 2-enter MST config mode - 3-assign region name and region configuration rev - 4-map vlans to an MSTI - 5-show pending changes - 6- commit by exiting
1- trunking mode - 2-trunk encapsulation - 3-native VLAN - 4-allowed VLAN
By creating a static IP binding


18. What is 802.1x force-authorized?
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network
The port is forced to always authorize any connected client with no authentication necessary (default)
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP
Both layer 2 switching and IVR


19. How do you configure LACP standby links?
Both ends should be on because on modes doesn't send PAgP or LACP packets
LACP port priority
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset


20. What are the two private vlan association modes?
One router is the active virtual gateway - has highest priority or IP in group - answers all ARP requests and gives MAC based on load balancing
Port is forced to never authorize any connected client
Promiscuous and host
When a client roams between Aps in different subnets


21. How are GLBP timers used?
MAC addresses are learned from the source MAC of incoming frames. If the destination address is unknown - the frame is flooded out all except the receiving port.
Per-port or globally for all fiber-optic ports. Can be enabled globally - but will only affect fiber ports
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec


22. What are the 6 steps to configure 802.1x for port security?
134 bits - consisting of source and destination addresses and protocol information from the packet or frame
Can hear only BDPUs
It is enabled by default on all CEF capable switches
1-enable AAA on switch - 2-define RADIUS servers - 3-define authentication method - 4-enable 802.1x on switch - 5-conf. 802.1x ports - 6-allow hosts


23. What is dynamic desireable?
Yes
Roughly 2000
FIB
The port asks the other end to trunk


24. What is a CEF glean?

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25. What is 802.1x force-unauthorized?
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers
1/2 and 3/6
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO
Port is forced to never authorize any connected client


26. What is step 1 of enabling IP source guard?
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet
Configure and enable DHCP snooping
A MAC is seen on a different port
By configuring every switch port to have an expected and controlled behavior


27. Can ARP replies be checked
Yes
Auto mode
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine


28. Define GLBP
Silent
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary
19


29. What are the 2 power over ethernet methods?
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance
Cisco ILP and 802.3af
224.0.0.2 (all routers)
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID


30. What is the STP forward delay timer?
Reboots and searches for a new WLC
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table


31. Where is UDLD enabled?
Port
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)


32. What types of links can be trunked?
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers
When a specific interface is tracked - HSRP reduces it's priority after a specified interval.
Will trunk if asked
FE - GE - and aggregated FE/GE Etherchannels


33. What does the epoch number indicate when looking at cef entries?
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole


34. What is the range of HSRP group numbers?
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
0-255
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen


35. How do you disable DTP when you configure both ends of the ISL manually?
The port uses 802.1x exchange to move from unauthorized to authorized. Requires app on client
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
Distribution layer
Incoming frames dropped - but MACs learned


36. What is a topology change?
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk
When a port moves into forwarding or from fowarding or learning to blocking.
When a client roams between Aps in different subnets
Some unused bits are used to allow a port to identify its role and state. Also the BDPUs state that they are V2 BDPUs


37. What does MSTP do?
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance
Nonstop forwarding is an interactive method focusing on rebuilding the RIB after SUP switchover
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC


38. How does backbonefast determine whether alternative paths exist?
Single instance of STP for all VLANs. BDPUs are sent over trunks using the native VLAN with untagged frames. Dot1q based
1- inferior BDPU on blocked-considered alternative - 2-inferior on root-all blocked ports considered alternate - 3-if inferior arrives on root and no blocked ports - assumes loss of connectivity to root
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers


39. How does every HSRP config command begin?
Use the spanning-tree root macro
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q
Checks the sender's ip in all arp requests and checks the sender's IP against target IP in all replies


40. What is the FM?
No shut
By configuring every switch port to have an expected and controlled behavior
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10


41. RSTP BPDU structure
1 -2 -5.5 and 11 Mbps - Channels 1/6/11 - 2.4Ghz
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs
Some unused bits are used to allow a port to identify its role and state. Also the BDPUs state that they are V2 BDPUs
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.


42. How does the CEF L3 engine operate?

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43. How does adding option-82 to DHCP snooping affect things?

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44. How does IPT behave when the voice VLAN is in untagged mode?
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk
Globally
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)


45. What are the characteristics of the access layer?
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary
Sends a test tone on the transmit pair. If a device is detected - CDP is used to narrow down the power class.


46. How can you tell if a switch block is too large?
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP
LWAPP (Cisco proprietary) and CAP-WAP (standards based)
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured


47. One vlan should =
Priority (class 1)
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID
1 IP subnet
The point at which a switch decides to trust incoming Qos. Usually at boundary with ISP


48. How do VRRP routers handle preemption?
Route once - switch many
On by default
Distribution
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)


49. What is a LACP priority?
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)
Edge - root - and point to point


50. What is the default mode of load balancing?
Sends a voltage across the receive pairs to detect a 25k ohm resistance
Src-dst-ip
Value - mask - and result (VMR) combinations
Single instance of STP for all VLANs. BDPUs are sent over trunks using the native VLAN with untagged frames. Dot1q based