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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How do you configure IP source guard for hosts that don't use DHCP?
Very high L3 throughput - no access lists or port filtering - redundancy and resilience - advanced QoS
The L3 forwarding engine can't forward the packet in hardware because there is no L2 next-hop address - so the packet is sent to the L3 engine to generate the ARP response
Flash override (class 4)
By creating a static IP binding

2. What 2 tunnelling mechanisms do the LAP and WLC use to communicate?
Using digital certificates
LWAPP (Cisco proprietary) and CAP-WAP (standards based)
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)

3. How does packet forwarding work
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP
On the left as you face the connector

4. What are the three basic types of QOS?
Best effort delivery - integrated services model - and differentiated services model
Differentiated services
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz
The campus network's backbone

5. What functions does a WLC perform?
Control functions
Only a single host connects . If one BDPU is received - it is no longer an edge port
Both layer 2 switching and IVR
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged

6. WPA encryption
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
Interim solution - uses same hardware as WEP - but uses TKIP encryption
Each frame transmits its expected duration time
Differentiated services code point

7. What is RPVST+?
Hold time is 3xhello. A skew time of 256ms-routerpriority)/256ms is added
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker
Any ports associated with an isolated vlan can reach the primary - but not any other secondary. Hosts withn an isolated vlan can't reach each other

8. What is an ESS?
Trunk
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.
FE and GE
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset

9. What is DSCP codepoint AF11(10)?
Priority (class 1)
Can send and receive BDPUs
Multicasts to 224.0.0.18 (VRRP)
Sends a test tone on the transmit pair. If a device is detected - CDP is used to narrow down the power class.

10. How often are CAM table entries aged?
Port with best root path cost
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another
300 sec
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses

11. What does the epoch number indicate when looking at cef entries?
The DCF interframe space- the random backoff time before a wireless set can transmit
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk
When a client roams between Aps in different subnets

12. How should the switch port to which an autonomous AP be configured?
Trunk
On by default
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal
Only when a nonedge port transitions to forwarding

13. Where are security and QoS ACLs stored?
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.
TCAM
Switches make an effort to move packets as quickly as possible
Set the native VLAN of a trunk to a bogus or unused VLAN ID then prune the native VLAN off both ends of the trunk

14. What is layer 3 roaming?
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability
Normal and aggressive
When a client roams between Aps in different subnets

15. can root guard and bdpu guard be used together?
Yes to both
No
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router
Using digital certificates

16. What are the 3 trunk switchport modes?
Globally or per-port
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)
Half because transmitting and receiving stations use the same frequency
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number

17. What are the characteristics of the access layer?
Should be used on access switches - can't be used on root - keeps enabled switch from becoming root by raising priority of switch and all ports - making them undesirable
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS
Controls where candidate root bridges can be connected and found on a network
Trusted or untrusted

18. What is the STP forwarding state?
Plain text or md5
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets
1- enable MST - 2-enter MST config mode - 3-assign region name and region configuration rev - 4-map vlans to an MSTI - 5-show pending changes - 6- commit by exiting
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs

19. How is an RSTP edge port configured
Allows devices to interoperate with PVST and CST. Can use both dot1q and ISL
Frames are forwarded
With portfast
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)

20. What is an end to end vlan?
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number

21. Where does layer switching occur?
Between any type of interface as long as the interface can have an L3 address assigned
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p

22. How are VACLs applied
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged

23. What is integrated services model QOS?
Dynamic arp inspection
The point at which a switch decides to trust incoming Qos. Usually at boundary with ISP
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.
The RP listens to a flow's 1st packet for the dest. The SE listens to the packet and dest and puts a shortcut in the MSL cache. Netflow switching - route once - switch many

24. what I s distributed CEF (dCEF)?
By using a hash of a key string
1- enable MST - 2-enter MST config mode - 3-assign region name and region configuration rev - 4-map vlans to an MSTI - 5-show pending changes - 6- commit by exiting
Flash (class 3)
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.

25. If there are 2 ports with same root cost - how is the tie broken for designated port?
1/2 and 3/6
1-lowest root bridge ID - 2-lowest root path cost - 3-lowest bridgeID - 4-lowest port ID
On by default
Only a single host connects . If one BDPU is received - it is no longer an edge port

26. How much overlap should WAPs have?
Configure non-silent submode
10-15%
The port will operate under 802.1D rules. If they are received on the same port - it will run 802.1D until the migration delay expires
Port with best root path cost on segment

27. What cabling do GBICs use?
FE - GE - and aggregated FE/GE Etherchannels
Because each frame is checked
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number
SC fiber or RJ-45

28. Automatically configure STP timers
Real-time Transport Protocol
By short-circuiting the max age timer
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)
Use the spanning-tree root macro

29. What is the access layer best practice?
A single broadcast domain
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.
No
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)

30. Of what significance are private VLANs
Configure non-silent submode
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance
Bridge priority and MAC
Local only

31. What happens when switches receive a configuration BDPU?
Using digital certificates
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance
The frame tag contains a 3 but portion tagged from 0 (low) to 7 (high)
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)

32. How does DAI work?
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack
Allows devices to interoperate with PVST and CST. Can use both dot1q and ISL
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.

33. What is the portr ID?
A private VLAN can be logically associated with a special secondary vlan
Hosts associated with a secondary VLAN can communicate with ports on the primary but not with another secondary VLAN
It's a router that maintains routes (static or dynamic) - and populates the FIB
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)

34. What is the VRRP skew time?
Hold time is 3xhello. A skew time of 256ms-routerpriority)/256ms is added
The L3 forwarding engine can't forward the packet in hardware because there is no L2 next-hop address - so the packet is sent to the L3 engine to generate the ARP response
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS
Automatically negotiates a common trunk mode between switches

35. What does uplinkfast do?
Enables switches at the end of the spanning tree branches to have a functioning root port while keeping 1 or more redundant potential ports in blocking mode. When the main fails - the other comes up.
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs
By configuring every switch port to have an expected and controlled behavior
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config

36. Which 4 things must be agreeable to trunk?
63 kbps
Bridge priority and MAC
Frames are forwarded
1- trunking mode - 2-trunk encapsulation - 3-native VLAN - 4-allowed VLAN

37. What address does HSRP send hello packets to?
224.0.0.2 (all routers)
Up to 4 can be used in a group. Called active virtual forwarders (AVF)
By short-circuiting the max age timer
1 per segment

38. What is the duration time in a wireless frame?
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN
5 classes with 3 drop precedences
The configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay
Each frame transmits its expected duration time

39. What is differentiated services model QOS?
Each network device handles packets individually with no advance reservations
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over specified VLAN - voice QOS is 802.1p
Root - designated - blocking - alternate - forwarding (host)
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root

40. What is latency?
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.
The total delay from start to finish

41. What is the standard for WLANs?
Admin down
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)
802.11
The same as a standby group in HSRP

42. How should the switch port to which a WLC be configured?
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q
Trunk
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID

43. What does the ip option do when checking ARP replies

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44. What is a cell?

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45. How does IPT behave when the voice VLAN is in untagged mode?
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk
Only for trusted Cisco gear - especially phones
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
Bridge priority and MAC

46. What does the skinny protocol do?
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine
Disabled - blocking - listening - learning - forwarding
No

47. What must you be sure of if AP cells overlap?

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48. How do you implement MST?

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49. What is a direct topology change?
Yes
Access or trunk
Used when ACLs specify port ranges...used by TCAM
One that can be detected on a switch interface (ie. Up/down)

50. How doed backbonefast work?
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.
Value - mask - and result (VMR) combinations
Differentiated services
By short-circuiting the max age timer