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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What does the skinny protocol do?
Yes
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM
Local only
The port asks the other end to trunk

2. How much BW does a PSTN connection use?
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group
63 kbps
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves

3. What does Root Guard do?
Controls where candidate root bridges can be connected and found on a network
A TCN BDPU is sent out of the switch's root port. The switch will continue sending TCN's every hello interval until ack'd by upstream neighbor. The root bridge will send a Config BDPU to all switches
802.1w
The total delay from start to finish

4. What scope is 802.1x enabled?
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports
Globally
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker

5. What is the STP disabled state?
Admin down
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
RADIUS

6. What 2 tunnelling mechanisms do the LAP and WLC use to communicate?
The campus network's backbone
Weak key rotation
LWAPP (Cisco proprietary) and CAP-WAP (standards based)
The point at which a switch decides to trust incoming Qos. Usually at boundary with ISP

7. What are the steps to configure a LACP port channel?
1-(opt) set system priority - 2-select interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-set the mode - 5-(opt) set the port priority
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers
10-15%

8. What is the bridge priority range?
No shut
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)

9. What if RSTP BDPUs aren't received?
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID
Yes
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine

10. what must be done on an SVI before it is activated?
The L3 forwarding engine can't forward the packet in hardware because there is no L2 next-hop address - so the packet is sent to the L3 engine to generate the ARP response
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active
FE - GE - and aggregated FE/GE Etherchannels
No shut

11. How does HSRP port tracking work?

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12. How does the VRRP master router handle the VIP?
Tracks of BDPUs on nondesignated ports. When those BDPUs stop coming - the port is put into loop-inconsistent state and blocks
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries
The master router can share the VIP

13. What is UDLD normal mode?
No
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw
If a unidirectional link is detected - the port continues normally - but the port is marked as undetermined and a syslog is generated
7 switches from root bridge

14. What is a service set?
As a VLAN access map
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID
1/2 and 3/6
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs

15. What is the STP Max Age timer?
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds
Compatible with 802.11b - up to 54Mbps in 12 data rates - 3 channels - 2.4Ghz
5 (0-4 with 4 being the highest)
Differentiated services code point

16. What is 802.1x force-unauthorized?
Port is forced to never authorize any connected client
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD
1 IP subnet
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q

17. What is BDPU Guard?
On by default
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds

18. How do Cisco IP phones communicate with the CCM?
Per VLAN
With the skinny protocol
By creating a static IP binding
Protects STP when a physical malfunction only allows traffic in 1 direction - even though the link shows as up (cisco proprietary)

19. What must be in common for a BSS to form?
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials
1 -2 -5.5 and 11 Mbps - Channels 1/6/11 - 2.4Ghz
Value - mask - and result (VMR) combinations

20. Where is root guard enabled?

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21. How is the IPT 802.1 trunk negotiated?
0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is six 0 bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group numberr. Yyyy is the virtual forwarder number
Within a single MST region - an IST instances runs to work out a loop free topology between links where CST meets the region boundary and all switches in the region. It runs at the boundary.
MST attributes must be manually entereed on each switch in the region. They don' t propagate like VTP.
Automatically using DTP and CDP

22. What is layer 2 roaming?
The port uses 802.1x exchange to move from unauthorized to authorized. Requires app on client
The configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number

23. 802.11a
Automatically using DTP and CDP
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz
A MAC is seen on a different port
A port can only forward or relay BDPUs - but can't receive them - disabled by default - enabled per-port - blocks port when superior BDPUs are received

24. How is RSTP synchronization accomplished?
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)
Between any type of interface as long as the interface can have an L3 address assigned
Data and voice over native vlan no QOS and no 802.1p trunk

25. What is the cost of a 10Gbps link?
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p
2
For hosts that doesn't understand routing - the DGW is configured to reply with its own mac
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal

26. How does GLBP work?
The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance
Stateful switchover - redundant sup is fully booted and init'd. Both start and run config are synched as is L2 information - and switchinterfaces.
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance
Priority (class 1)

27. How does DSCP handle IP precedence?
5 classes with 3 drop precedences
Real-time Transport Protocol
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.

28. What is DSCP?
Hosts associated with a secondary VLAN can communicate with ports on the primary but not with another secondary VLAN
Aggregation - high L3 throughput - security and policy based connectivity functions through access lists and packet filters - QoS - scalable high-speed links
1/2 and 3/6
Differentiated services code point

29. What is a punt adjacency?
Packets must be sent to the L3 engine for further processing
Connects with SONET or SDH
Value - mask - and result (VMR) combinations
The campus network's backbone

30. What is unique about HSRP group numbers?
Disabled - blocking - listening - learning - forwarding
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)

31. How often are CAM table entries aged?
On by default
4
300 sec
When a port moves into forwarding or from fowarding or learning to blocking.

32. What are the two private vlan association modes?
Promiscuous and host
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP
Frames are forwarded
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10

33. What must the other end be set to if PAgP desirable or LACP active mode is selected?
Either desirable or auto mode
Src-dst-ip
No
134 bits - consisting of source and destination addresses and protocol information from the packet or frame

34. When should CDP be enabled?
Only for trusted Cisco gear - especially phones
19
Half because transmitting and receiving stations use the same frequency
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.

35. Which fiber is the receive?
On the left as you face the connector
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.
Trunk
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet

36. What criteria are used to size a switch block?
Yes
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains
For hosts that doesn't understand routing - the DGW is configured to reply with its own mac
By creating a static IP binding

37. What happens when an ARP reply is received on an untrusted port?

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38. What is a root link query (RLQ)?
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
Some unused bits are used to allow a port to identify its role and state. Also the BDPUs state that they are V2 BDPUs
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge

39. How is Root Guard used?
Any ports associated with an isolated vlan can reach the primary - but not any other secondary. Hosts withn an isolated vlan can't reach each other
On ports where you never expect to find a root bridge for a VLAN
0000.5e00.01xx
By using a hash of a key string

40. the static port to vlan membership is handled in _____
The ASIC
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.
Globally or per-port
No

41. How does a DAI enabled switch gather trusted ARP info?
Checks the destination MAC in the header against the target MAC in the ARP reply
Using digital certificates
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries
19

42. What ILP mode are all ports in by default?
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec
Auto mode
Change in trunk encap
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials

43. What is an IST instance?
Show standby
Within a single MST region - an IST instances runs to work out a loop free topology between links where CST meets the region boundary and all switches in the region. It runs at the boundary.
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet

44. How does every GLBP command begin
All ports where root isn't expected
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number
To the virtual port-channel interface
Bridge priority and MAC

45. What is the adjacency table?
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry
No because they only participate if asked

46. Each switch port is a _____ ______
Collision domain
Yes
Real-time functions such as beacons and probes - encryption and interactions with the client at L2
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.

47. What is a microcell?
Group (0-255) - priority (1-254 254 is highest - 100 default)
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state
Configure non-silent submode

48. RSTP alternate port
They should be an unconditional Etherchannel because the WLC can't negotiate a channel.
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root
It is enabled by default on all CEF capable switches

49. What is the STP forward delay timer?
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic

50. How does a LAP and a WLC authenticate between each other?
Distribution layer
Using digital certificates
By using a hash of a key string
0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is six 0 bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group numberr. Yyyy is the virtual forwarder number