CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is a wireless mobility group?
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10
No
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group


2. By default - what layer do catalyst switchports operate on?
FE - GE - and aggregated FE/GE Etherchannels
L2
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
Very high L3 throughput - no access lists or port filtering - redundancy and resilience - advanced QoS


3. Define VRRP
The port asks the other end to trunk
Trunk
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP


4. can root guard and udld be used together?
12 kbps with headers and compression
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config
They disguise the origin of an attack
Yes


5. What is 802.1x auto?
The port uses 802.1x exchange to move from unauthorized to authorized. Requires app on client
Priority (class 1)
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.
1-LAP gets a DHCP address - 2-LAP learns IP of available WLC - 3-LAP sends a join request to WLC and receives join reply - 4-WLC sends code image - if necessary - 5-Tunnels are created


6. What format does the GLBP MAC use?
Sends a test tone on the transmit pair. If a device is detected - CDP is used to narrow down the power class.
0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is six 0 bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group numberr. Yyyy is the virtual forwarder number
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry
Variation in delay


7. Where is the QoS trust boundary usually configured on an IP phone?
If the switch or the powered device doesn't suport power class discovery
Every hello interval regardless of whether BDPUs are received from root - allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology
Usually QoS from VOIP but not PC dataa
Root


8. What is the STP forward delay timer?
Interim solution - uses same hardware as WEP - but uses TKIP encryption
Trunk
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds
802.1w


9. How does backbonefast determine whether alternative paths exist?
1- inferior BDPU on blocked-considered alternative - 2-inferior on root-all blocked ports considered alternate - 3-if inferior arrives on root and no blocked ports - assumes loss of connectivity to root
L2
The master router can share the VIP
Any ports associated with an isolated vlan can reach the primary - but not any other secondary. Hosts withn an isolated vlan can't reach each other


10. Can loop guard and udld be used together?
300 sec by default
Yes
FE and GE
VTP server for domain null with no password or secure mode


11. Automatically configure STP timers
Set the native VLAN of a trunk to a bogus or unused VLAN ID then prune the native VLAN off both ends of the trunk
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged
During the time that the FIB entry is in CEF glean waiting for ARP entries - subsequent packet to that host are dropped to keep input queues from filling
Use the spanning-tree root macro


12. How much BW does a voip connection use?
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports
12 kbps with headers and compression
Port with best root path cost
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole


13. What is GLBP weight?
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO
Between any type of interface as long as the interface can have an L3 address assigned
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface


14. How often are HSRP hellos sent?
Connects with SONET or SDH
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1
When a specific interface is tracked - HSRP reduces it's priority after a specified interval.
2


15. What does Root Guard do?
Each network device handles packets individually with no advance reservations
Controls where candidate root bridges can be connected and found on a network
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)
2


16. What is a CEF glean?

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17. How does RSTP identify a topology change?
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q
5 classes with 3 drop precedences
Admin down
Only when a nonedge port transitions to forwarding


18. what must be done on an SVI before it is activated?
Hosts associated with a secondary VLAN can communicate with ports on the primary but not with another secondary VLAN
It can't
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack
No shut


19. How does an L2 switch do QOS?
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds
1 to 64
Variation in delay


20. How are RSTP point to point ports determined?
Yes
Automatically by duplex mode in use. Full duplex are point ot point. Half duplex ports use traditional 802.1D convergence is used.
Trusted ports
No because they only participate if asked


21. What are the steps to configure MST?
Show standby
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack
1- enable MST - 2-enter MST config mode - 3-assign region name and region configuration rev - 4-map vlans to an MSTI - 5-show pending changes - 6- commit by exiting
Forces the router to wait for a period of time before attempting overthrow


22. What is the default 802.3af power class and its use?

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23. What is the bridge priority range?
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better
Access or trunk
The point at which a switch decides to trust incoming Qos. Usually at boundary with ISP


24. In a converged fabric - which switch(es) send config BDPUs?
Half because transmitting and receiving stations use the same frequency
1- inferior BDPU on blocked-considered alternative - 2-inferior on root-all blocked ports considered alternate - 3-if inferior arrives on root and no blocked ports - assumes loss of connectivity to root
Root
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions


25. If there are 2 ports with same root cost - how is the tie broken for designated port?
It is enabled by default on all CEF capable switches
1-lowest root bridge ID - 2-lowest root path cost - 3-lowest bridgeID - 4-lowest port ID
2
On by default


26. What is DSCP?
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance
Differentiated services code point
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
The port will operate under 802.1D rules. If they are received on the same port - it will run 802.1D until the migration delay expires


27. How does Root Guard work?

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28. What is a baby giant frame?
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers
1-lowest root bridge ID - 2-lowest root path cost - 3-lowest bridgeID - 4-lowest port ID
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.
Port


29. How do you show HSRP status
Tracks of BDPUs on nondesignated ports. When those BDPUs stop coming - the port is put into loop-inconsistent state and blocks
Show standby
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.
Can send and receive BDPUs


30. What does DTP do?
Collision domain
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
Usually QoS from VOIP but not PC dataa
Automatically negotiates a common trunk mode between switches


31. What is a CEF punt?

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32. What is route caching?

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33. What is the VRRP skew time?
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack
Each network device handles packets individually with no advance reservations
Hold time is 3xhello. A skew time of 256ms-routerpriority)/256ms is added
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS


34. One vlan should =
0000.5e00.01xx
Causes switch to actively determine whether alternative paths exist to root bridge in case ther eis an indirect failure
1 IP subnet
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials


35. What is a service set?
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID
5 (0-4 with 4 being the highest)
Full duplex
All user ports that have portfast enabled


36. What is a punt adjacency?
Port
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP
Between interfaces that are assigned to L2 VLANs or L2 trunks
Packets must be sent to the L3 engine for further processing


37. How do VRRP routers handle preemption?
No
Will trunk if asked
Real-time functions such as beacons and probes - encryption and interactions with the client at L2
On by default


38. What data does DHCP snooping track?
FE and GE
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.
MAC of the end device
Within a single MST region - an IST instances runs to work out a loop free topology between links where CST meets the region boundary and all switches in the region. It runs at the boundary.


39. How is DHCP snooping enabled (scope)?
The point at which a switch decides to trust incoming Qos. Usually at boundary with ISP
Globally
Gets assistance from other NSF-aware neighbors. NSF features need to be built into the routing protocols on router needing and providing assistance
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)


40. What is a BSS?
By short-circuiting the max age timer
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.
No shut
Both ends should be on because on modes doesn't send PAgP or LACP packets


41. What are dynamic VLANs based on?
Lowest cumulative cost to root
Can hear only BDPUs
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config
MAC of the end device


42. If a wireless station needs to transmit and another device is transmitting - what happens?
MAC addresses are learned from the source MAC of incoming frames. If the destination address is unknown - the frame is flooded out all except the receiving port.
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
Regions and instances
On root - because the root bridge propagates timers with config BDPU


43. What does the standby HSRP router do?
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains
Because each frame is checked
They disguise the origin of an attack


44. What is a wall wart?
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)
When a client roams between Aps in different subnets
Option 43


45. RSTP point to point port
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset
By creating a static IP binding
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port
The port will operate under 802.1D rules. If they are received on the same port - it will run 802.1D until the migration delay expires


46. What are the 2 types of BDPU?
Only for trusted Cisco gear - especially phones
Configuration and TCN
Access or trunk
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability


47. At what layer does EAPOL run?
L2
Promiscuous and host
Automatically using DTP and CDP
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent


48. What is an end to end vlan?
Priority (class 1)
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric
The active router. All other routers are in backup state


49. What are the two etherchannel negotiation protocols?
0000.5e00.01xx
Those that connect to other switches
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)
No


50. How is root port decided upon?
Globally
MST attributes must be manually entereed on each switch in the region. They don' t propagate like VTP.
Lowest cumulative cost to root
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk