Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is RTP?
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials
12 kbps with headers and compression
Real-time Transport Protocol


2. How does a Cisco IP phone connect upstream?
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.
The topology is pre-populated by downloading the topology DB into the FIB and dynamically updated. Called Cisco Express Forwarding
Via an 802.1Q trunk or a single VLAN access port
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root


3. How often are HSRP hellos sent?
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer
The DCF interframe space- the random backoff time before a wireless set can transmit


4. What is SSO?

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5. What is topology-basec caching?
Use the spanning-tree root macro
Used when ACLs specify port ranges...used by TCAM
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)
The topology is pre-populated by downloading the topology DB into the FIB and dynamically updated. Called Cisco Express Forwarding


6. By default - what layer do catalyst switchports operate on?
L2
1/2 and 3/6
Trunk
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds


7. What is jitter?
Variation in delay
Collision domain
Lowest cumulative cost to root
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00


8. What is an ESS?
With the skinny protocol
Automatically using DTP and CDP
Should be used on access switches - can't be used on root - keeps enabled switch from becoming root by raising priority of switch and all ports - making them undesirable
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.


9. What are the 2 choices for VLANs with IPT?
Turn on port security
Packets must be sent to the L3 engine for further processing
They must be carried over a voice VLAN (VVID) or over a regular data VLAN (ie. The native VLAN or the PVID)
An AP's coverage area


10. What is the port priority range?
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table
Switched Virtual Interface - an L3 address can be assigned to a logical interface that represents an entire VLAN - which becomes the DGW for that VLAN
0-255 (lower is better)
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker


11. How do you show HSRP status
Per VLAN
Show standby
12 kbps with headers and compression
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state


12. What 2 tunnelling mechanisms do the LAP and WLC use to communicate?
It updates the L2 headers with the proper src and dst MAC - L3 TTL - L3 checksum - and L2 checksum information
1-name the chain - 2-establish a key number - 3-create the key string - 4-apply the chain to the string
Roughly 2000
LWAPP (Cisco proprietary) and CAP-WAP (standards based)


13. What are the port channel load balancing methods?
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)
Normal and aggressive
Src-ip - dst-ip - src-dst-ip - src-mac - dst-mac - src-dst-mac - src-port - dst-port - src-dst-port
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.


14. What is differentiated services model QOS?
Limits the number if dhcp requests on a port
Each network device handles packets individually with no advance reservations
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated
The TOS field in the header is used. 2 methods 3 bits or 6 bits


15. What is the STP hello timer?
Admin down
Automatically negotiates a common trunk mode between switches
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds


16. How does packet forwarding work
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains
Trunk


17. How much overlap should WAPs have?
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value
The port uses 802.1x exchange to move from unauthorized to authorized. Requires app on client
10-15%
Cisco ILP and 802.3af


18. What is UDLD normal mode?
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.
If a unidirectional link is detected - the port continues normally - but the port is marked as undetermined and a syslog is generated
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk


19. How does VRRP do tracking?

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20. What if RSTP BDPUs aren't received?
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged
Makes use of the DHCP snooping database and static ip source binding entries. If enabled - switch will test addresses
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config


21. What is an IBSS?
Makes use of the DHCP snooping database and static ip source binding entries. If enabled - switch will test addresses
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP
Configure non-silent submode
A host port goes up or down


22. How are RSTP point to point ports determined?
Only a single host connects . If one BDPU is received - it is no longer an edge port
Using a mobility exchange message
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby
Automatically by duplex mode in use. Full duplex are point ot point. Half duplex ports use traditional 802.1D convergence is used.


23. What are the RSTP port roles?
Aggregation - high L3 throughput - security and policy based connectivity functions through access lists and packet filters - QoS - scalable high-speed links
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds
LWAPP (Cisco proprietary) and CAP-WAP (standards based)
Root - designated - alternate - and backup


24. What is a wall wart?
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.
Those that connect to other switches
Root - designated - blocking - alternate - forwarding (host)


25. When looking at the sh spanning tree output - What does P2P denote?
A point to point port type
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table


26. What is 802.1x auto?
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1
The port uses 802.1x exchange to move from unauthorized to authorized. Requires app on client
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen


27. How are GLBP timers used?
5 (0-4 with 4 being the highest)
Change in trunk encap
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec
Globally or per-port


28. How is the IPT 802.1 trunk negotiated?
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config
Automatically using DTP and CDP
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive


29. How should the switch port to which an autonomous AP be configured?
Hold time is 3xhello. A skew time of 256ms-routerpriority)/256ms is added
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary
The port asks the other end to trunk
Trunk


30. How does IPT behave when the voice VLAN is in dot1p mode?
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p
1500B
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO


31. Where shoul dmultilayer switches be implemented?
Distribution layer
Connects with SONET or SDH
300 sec by default
134 bits - consisting of source and destination addresses and protocol information from the packet or frame


32. What is an autonomous mode AP?
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.
Used to switch packets that can't be forwarded normallly due to an encapsulation failure - unresolved address - unsupported protocol - etc.
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
Src-dst-ip


33. What is errdisable dtp-flap?
Group (0-255) - priority (1-254 254 is highest - 100 default)
802.1w
Change in trunk encap
By using an Ether-IP tunnel


34. Does VTP pass private VLAN configuration?
Dynamic WEP keys that change periodically
No
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
Switches make an effort to move packets as quickly as possible


35. What is the core block?

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36. How many links can be used in an EtherChannel?
Yes
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.
A TCN BDPU is sent out of the switch's root port. The switch will continue sending TCN's every hello interval until ack'd by upstream neighbor. The root bridge will send a Config BDPU to all switches
Normal and aggressive


37. How does ISL do trunking?
LWAPP (Cisco proprietary) and CAP-WAP (standards based)
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer
Globally
Data and voice over native vlan no QOS and no 802.1p trunk


38. How does adding option-82 to DHCP snooping affect things?

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39. What is integrated services model QOS?
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router
The topology is pre-populated by downloading the topology DB into the FIB and dynamically updated. Called Cisco Express Forwarding
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)


40. What is the STP learning state?
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)
1-lowest root bridge ID - 2-lowest root path cost - 3-lowest bridgeID - 4-lowest port ID
The port asks the other end to trunk


41. What functions does a LAP perform?
Real-time functions such as beacons and probes - encryption and interactions with the client at L2
A MAC is seen on a different port
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
Up to 4 can be used in a group. Called active virtual forwarders (AVF)


42. What is an insignificant topology change?
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS
Trunk
Distribution layer
A host port goes up or down


43. Which ports should you consider trusted for DAI?
Immediate (class 2)
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.
1-lowest root bridge ID - 2-lowest root path cost - 3-lowest bridgeID - 4-lowest port ID
Those that connect to other switches


44. if the switchport is part of an etherchannel - Where is the network assigned
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan
To the virtual port-channel interface
No
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)


45. How does DSCP handle IP precedence?
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
By configuring every switch port to have an expected and controlled behavior
Enables switches at the end of the spanning tree branches to have a functioning root port while keeping 1 or more redundant potential ports in blocking mode. When the main fails - the other comes up.
5 classes with 3 drop precedences


46. How does the VRRP master router handle the VIP?
On root - because the root bridge propagates timers with config BDPU
0000.5e00.01xx
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS
The master router can share the VIP


47. How do you prevent VLAN hopping?
Incoming frames dropped - but MACs learned
Set the native VLAN of a trunk to a bogus or unused VLAN ID then prune the native VLAN off both ends of the trunk
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine


48. What is accelerated CEF (aCEF)?
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)
If a unidirectional link is detected - the port continues normally - but the port is marked as undetermined and a syslog is generated


49. How does HSRP election work?
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group
When a port moves into forwarding or from fowarding or learning to blocking.


50. What is a proxy arp?

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