CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What format does the GLBP MAC use?
Needs hardware upgrade over WEP - uses AES encryption
1- trunking mode - 2-trunk encapsulation - 3-native VLAN - 4-allowed VLAN
On root - because the root bridge propagates timers with config BDPU
0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is six 0 bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group numberr. Yyyy is the virtual forwarder number


2. What does the dst-mac option do when checking ARP replies
Checks the destination MAC in the header against the target MAC in the ARP reply
It is enabled by default on all CEF capable switches
Silent
Either desirable or auto mode


3. What is DAI?
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up
Dynamic arp inspection
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS
Used to switch packets that can't be forwarded normallly due to an encapsulation failure - unresolved address - unsupported protocol - etc.


4. How is UDLD configured?
Usually QoS from VOIP but not PC dataa
Local only
Per-port or globally for all fiber-optic ports. Can be enabled globally - but will only affect fiber ports
Nonstop forwarding is an interactive method focusing on rebuilding the RIB after SUP switchover


5. What is GLBP weight?
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced


6. How does a DAI enabled switch gather trusted ARP info?
Half-duplex
The switch checks the MAC and IP reported in the reply against trusted values. If they don't match - it is dropped and logged
Needs hardware upgrade over WEP - uses AES encryption
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries


7. What is the port priority range?
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q
The ASIC
0-255 (lower is better)
134 bits


8. What is an IST instance?
With the skinny protocol
Within a single MST region - an IST instances runs to work out a loop free topology between links where CST meets the region boundary and all switches in the region. It runs at the boundary.
Option 43
Needs hardware upgrade over WEP - uses AES encryption


9. How does GLBP work?
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
Real-time functions such as beacons and probes - encryption and interactions with the client at L2
Change in trunk encap


10. What are the two etherchannel negotiation protocols?
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS
Every hello interval regardless of whether BDPUs are received from root - allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)


11. How many MST instances can be in a region?
A host port goes up or down
Usually QoS from VOIP but not PC dataa
16 - IST gets MSTI 0 - 1-15 are available for use. MSTIs are locally significant to the MST region
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow


12. What are dynamic VLANs based on?
Yes
On the left as you face the connector
MAC of the end device
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced


13. What is a vlan?
Discarding - learning - forwarding
Automatically using DTP and CDP
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow
A single broadcast domain


14. what do multilayer switches do?
As a VLAN access map
7 switches from root bridge
Both layer 2 switching and IVR
802.11


15. What are the characteristics of the core layer
They disguise the origin of an attack
Very high L3 throughput - no access lists or port filtering - redundancy and resilience - advanced QoS
A single broadcast domain
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs


16. What is DSCP codepoint EF(46)?
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q
1-(opt) configure load balancing - 2-select the interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-select the mode and submode
Critical...used most often for IPT


17. What is the size of a TCAM value?
Incoming frames dropped - but MACs learned
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group
134 bits - consisting of source and destination addresses and protocol information from the packet or frame
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table


18. What is an insignificant topology change?
A host port goes up or down
FE and GE
Enables switches at the end of the spanning tree branches to have a functioning root port while keeping 1 or more redundant potential ports in blocking mode. When the main fails - the other comes up.
That they aren't using the same frequencies.


19. What types of link can an etherchannel be?
Access or trunk
Using digital certificates
134 bits
Access


20. Where is the QoS trust boundary usually configured on an IP phone?
Sets the switchport mode to access - enables portfast - and turns off channel grouping for the port
19
The active router. All other routers are in backup state
Usually QoS from VOIP but not PC dataa


21. What is integrated services model QOS?
LWAPP (Cisco proprietary) and CAP-WAP (standards based)
Sends a test tone on the transmit pair. If a device is detected - CDP is used to narrow down the power class.
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.
No


22. What does the epoch number indicate when looking at cef entries?
If a unidirectional link is detected - the port continues normally - but the port is marked as undetermined and a syslog is generated
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches


23. How does the CEF L3 engine operate?

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24. What is a CEF glean?

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25. What are the steps to configure a LACP port channel?
By sending a gratuitous ARP
Each physical interface has a different IP address. All physical interfaces point to a virtual interface called the standby address or VIP
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds
1-(opt) set system priority - 2-select interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-set the mode - 5-(opt) set the port priority


26. How does uplinkfast handle changes in topology?
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.
The port asks the other end to trunk
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan


27. 802.11b
Automatically using DTP and CDP
1 -2 -5.5 and 11 Mbps - Channels 1/6/11 - 2.4Ghz
Local only
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary


28. RSTP alternate port
10-15%
It can't
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root
134 bits


29. If you want IP source guard to detect spoofed MAC addresses - what must you do?
Turn on port security
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state
By sending a gratuitous ARP
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs


30. What is the STP hello timer?
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
Globally
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated


31. What is dynamic auto?
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.
Real-time functions such as beacons and probes - encryption and interactions with the client at L2
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP
Will trunk if asked


32. What is the default network diameter?
7 switches from root bridge
Variation in delay
The switch checks the MAC and IP reported in the reply against trusted values. If they don't match - it is dropped and logged
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions


33. How does VRRP do tracking?

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34. What does Loop Guard do?
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack
Tracks of BDPUs on nondesignated ports. When those BDPUs stop coming - the port is put into loop-inconsistent state and blocks
Configure non-silent submode
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.


35. If one end of an Etherchannel (either type) is set to on and the channel doesn't form - what should you check?

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36. What address does HSRP send hello packets to?
224.0.0.2 (all routers)
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz
Hold time is 3xhello. A skew time of 256ms-routerpriority)/256ms is added
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings


37. What is a drop adjacency?

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38. Which fiber is the receive?
0-255 (lower is better)
On the left as you face the connector
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.


39. What is an end to end vlan?
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack
Group (0-255) - priority (1-254 254 is highest - 100 default)


40. What is the port number range?
Distribution layer
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q
0-255
A single broadcast domain


41. What is a discard adjacency?
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
Trunk
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action


42. What is errdisable pagp-flap?
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config
Untrusted
Very high L3 throughput - no access lists or port filtering - redundancy and resilience - advanced QoS
By using a hash of a key string


43. WPA2 encryption
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds
Needs hardware upgrade over WEP - uses AES encryption
The point at which a switch decides to trust incoming Qos. Usually at boundary with ISP
Auto mode


44. What is the DIFS?
Per-port or globally for all fiber-optic ports. Can be enabled globally - but will only affect fiber ports
The ASIC
They disguise the origin of an attack
The DCF interframe space- the random backoff time before a wireless set can transmit


45. What are the 3 RSTP port types?
Edge - root - and point to point
Port stays up - packets from violating MACs dropped - no logging
A MAC is seen on a different port
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p


46. What is the core block?

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47. What is an autonomous mode AP?
Half because transmitting and receiving stations use the same frequency
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.
1-(opt) configure load balancing - 2-select the interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-select the mode and submode


48. How is a WLC handoff handled when the WLCs are in different subnets?
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
Some unused bits are used to allow a port to identify its role and state. Also the BDPUs state that they are V2 BDPUs
Between any type of interface as long as the interface can have an L3 address assigned
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic


49. What is an ESS?
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config
Both layer 2 switching and IVR


50. What can cause a wireless client to switch between Aps?
Roughly 50%
Value - mask - and result (VMR) combinations
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal