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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. what must be done on an SVI before it is activated?
Each frame transmits its expected duration time
The port is forced to always authorize any connected client with no authentication necessary (default)
No shut
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)

2. When should CDP be enabled?
Only for trusted Cisco gear - especially phones
L2
Globally
Port with best root path cost

3. RSTP alternate port
The TOS field in the header is used. 2 methods 3 bits or 6 bits
The redundant SUP is booted and sup and route engine is init'd. No L2 or L3 functions are started. Allows switchports to retain state
1500B
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root

4. What functions does a LAP perform?
19
Each physical interface has a different IP address. All physical interfaces point to a virtual interface called the standby address or VIP
Stateful switchover - redundant sup is fully booted and init'd. Both start and run config are synched as is L2 information - and switchinterfaces.
Real-time functions such as beacons and probes - encryption and interactions with the client at L2

5. What does the SP do?
A host port goes up or down
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports
Full duplex
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP

6. RSTP point to point port
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port
MAC addresses are learned from the source MAC of incoming frames. If the destination address is unknown - the frame is flooded out all except the receiving port.
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions

7. How do Cisco IP phones communicate with the CCM?
1 to 64
With the skinny protocol
As a VLAN access map
Automatically using DTP and CDP

8. What is step 1 of enabling IP source guard?
Configure and enable DHCP snooping
Data and voice over native vlan no QOS and no 802.1p trunk
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block

9. How does a DHCP server send WLC addresses?
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
Option 43
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)
Checks the sender's ip in all arp requests and checks the sender's IP against target IP in all replies

10. What is a wireless mobility group?
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group
Using digital certificates
Checks the sender's ip in all arp requests and checks the sender's IP against target IP in all replies
Should be used on access switches - can't be used on root - keeps enabled switch from becoming root by raising priority of switch and all ports - making them undesirable

11. How does the VRRP master router handle the VIP?
The master router can share the VIP
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds

12. What is the SDM?
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions
The RP listens to a flow's 1st packet for the dest. The SE listens to the packet and dest and puts a shortcut in the MSL cache. Netflow switching - route once - switch many
Yes to both
Src-dst-ip

13. How is the HSRP MAC address configured?
Prevents the dhcp binding DB from being checked.
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value
The topology is pre-populated by downloading the topology DB into the FIB and dynamically updated. Called Cisco Express Forwarding
Admin down

14. Which fiber is the receive?
Can hear only BDPUs
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance
On the left as you face the connector
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby

15. At what layer should the WLC be connected?
Distribution
The configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay
802.1w
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge

16. What is the distribution layer best practice?
Hosts associated with a secondary VLAN can communicate with ports on the primary but not with another secondary VLAN
They disguise the origin of an attack
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
The distribution layer should have only L3 links

17. What is the RSTP default hello interval?
0-255
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
Enables switches at the end of the spanning tree branches to have a functioning root port while keeping 1 or more redundant potential ports in blocking mode. When the main fails - the other comes up.
2 seconds

18. What format does the GLBP MAC use?
0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is six 0 bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group numberr. Yyyy is the virtual forwarder number
The ASIC
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds
1 per segment

19. What are the 6 steps to configure 802.1x for port security?
1-enable AAA on switch - 2-define RADIUS servers - 3-define authentication method - 4-enable 802.1x on switch - 5-conf. 802.1x ports - 6-allow hosts
A key string of up to 8 characters is sent. Default is cisco.
Hold time is 3xhello. A skew time of 256ms-routerpriority)/256ms is added
1/2 and 3/6

20. What is UDLD aggressive mode?

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21. At what layer does EAPOL run?
The same as a standby group in HSRP
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)
L2
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config

22. How does every VRRP command begin?
Configure non-silent submode
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number
They disguise the origin of an attack
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan

23. What are the 6 HSRP states?
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds

24. what if a secondary VLAN?
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk
Only for trusted Cisco gear - especially phones
Hosts associated with a secondary VLAN can communicate with ports on the primary but not with another secondary VLAN

25. How do VRRP routers handle preemption?
To the virtual port-channel interface
Port with best root path cost
On by default
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up

26. If a port is configured for errdisable auto recovery - how long does it stay down?
With portfast
300 sec by default
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions

27. What is an MST instance?
Multicasts to 224.0.0.18 (VRRP)
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)
Change in trunk encap
The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance

28. What cabling do GBICs use?
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated
SC fiber or RJ-45
Critical...used most often for IPT
Only on ports that have same static VLANs or trunking. It also modifies parameters of the channel if one of the ports is modified

29. What is BDPU Guard?
Automatically using DTP and CDP
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary
Port stays up - packets from violating MACs dropped - no logging
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state

30. What is a PVLAN?
A private VLAN can be logically associated with a special secondary vlan
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root
TCAM
That they aren't using the same frequencies.

31. What are the port channel load balancing methods?
Best effort delivery - integrated services model - and differentiated services model
Src-ip - dst-ip - src-dst-ip - src-mac - dst-mac - src-dst-mac - src-port - dst-port - src-dst-port
1 to 64
Only for trusted Cisco gear - especially phones

32. What is the size of ISL encapsulation?
If a unidirectional link is detected - the switch doesn't try to reestablish the link. ULD msgs are sent once/sec for 8 seconds - then the port is err-disabled
A point to point port type
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number

33. What are the 2 types of secondary VLAN?
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up
0-255
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.
Isolated and community

34. What is the cost of a 100Mbps link?
19
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over specified VLAN - voice QOS is 802.1p
On all switches in network to enable RLQ request and reply
Limits the number if dhcp requests on a port

35. How do you configure IP source guard for hosts that don't use DHCP?
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP
No
By creating a static IP binding

36. what do multilayer switches do?
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry
Both layer 2 switching and IVR
Roughly 2000

37. What is NSF?
Nonstop forwarding is an interactive method focusing on rebuilding the RIB after SUP switchover
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan
Controls where candidate root bridges can be connected and found on a network
Almost eliminates listening and learning states for single hosts on an access link

38. How are GLBP timers used?
Normal and aggressive
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset
1- inferior BDPU on blocked-considered alternative - 2-inferior on root-all blocked ports considered alternate - 3-if inferior arrives on root and no blocked ports - assumes loss of connectivity to root
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec

39. How often are HSRP hellos sent?
1-ID link path costs - 2-ID roodt bridge - 3-select root port (1/switch) - 4-select designated port (1/segment) - 5-ID blocking port
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over specified VLAN - voice QOS is 802.1p
Stateful switchover - redundant sup is fully booted and init'd. Both start and run config are synched as is L2 information - and switchinterfaces.
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1

40. What is the switch block?
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
They must be carried over a voice VLAN (VVID) or over a regular data VLAN (ie. The native VLAN or the PVID)
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw

41. What is PVST plus (PVST+)?
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic
Allows devices to interoperate with PVST and CST. Can use both dot1q and ISL
Admin down

42. What does a LAP do if it loses communication with it's WLC?
Manually
FE - GE - and aggregated FE/GE Etherchannels
Reboots and searches for a new WLC
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)

43. What does UDLD do?
Protects STP when a physical malfunction only allows traffic in 1 direction - even though the link shows as up (cisco proprietary)
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry
Create 2 hsrp groups - each with the active router being different switches - then have clients point to each
Hold time is 3xhello. A skew time of 256ms-routerpriority)/256ms is added

44. How many tunnels exist between the LAP and WLC?
2 - one for control messages and one for data
When a port moves into forwarding or from fowarding or learning to blocking.
Flash (class 3)
Yes to both

45. What must you be sure of if AP cells overlap?

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46. When DHCP snooping is turned on - by default - it considers all ports ______
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz
Port with best root path cost on segment
4
Untrusted

47. What is the adjacency table?
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD
Access or trunk

48. What happens when switches receive a configuration BDPU?
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)
1-LAP gets a DHCP address - 2-LAP learns IP of available WLC - 3-LAP sends a join request to WLC and receives join reply - 4-WLC sends code image - if necessary - 5-Tunnels are created
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz

49. What is a service set?
802.1w
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID
5 classes with 3 drop precedences
Needs hardware upgrade over WEP - uses AES encryption

50. When looking at the sh spanning tree output - What does P2P denote?
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number
A point to point port type
Switched Virtual Interface - an L3 address can be assigned to a logical interface that represents an entire VLAN - which becomes the DGW for that VLAN