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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How often are CAM table entries aged?
Packets must be sent to the L3 engine for further processing
One that can be detected on a switch interface (ie. Up/down)
Distribution layer
300 sec

2. What is the STP forward delay timer?
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP
Controls where candidate root bridges can be connected and found on a network

3. How do you renable an err-disable port by default?
Variation in delay
Manually
Usually QoS from VOIP but not PC dataa
Stateful switchover - redundant sup is fully booted and init'd. Both start and run config are synched as is L2 information - and switchinterfaces.

4. How are multiple VLANs mapped to multiple SSIDs?
By using a trunk link
One that can be detected on a switch interface (ie. Up/down)
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry
Discarding - learning - forwarding

5. What is an indirect topology change?
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic
Disabled - blocking - listening - learning - forwarding
A key string of up to 8 characters is sent. Default is cisco.
802.1D

6. What are the 2 types of secondary VLAN?
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions
Isolated and community
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.
Both ends should be on because on modes doesn't send PAgP or LACP packets

7. How does the CEF L3 engine operate?

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8. RSTP forwarding state
Auto mode
Frames are forwarded
As a VLAN access map
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table

9. What is a VRRP group?
Yes
No shut
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary
The same as a standby group in HSRP

10. What is topology-basec caching?
The topology is pre-populated by downloading the topology DB into the FIB and dynamically updated. Called Cisco Express Forwarding
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine
Turn on port security

11. What is PVST plus (PVST+)?
Discarding - learning - forwarding
Allows devices to interoperate with PVST and CST. Can use both dot1q and ISL
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active
Normal and aggressive

12. What are LOU register pairs?
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group
Used when ACLs specify port ranges...used by TCAM
Port
Globally

13. What is the size of a TCAM value?
63 kbps
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw
Within a single MST region - an IST instances runs to work out a loop free topology between links where CST meets the region boundary and all switches in the region. It runs at the boundary.
134 bits - consisting of source and destination addresses and protocol information from the packet or frame

14. What is backbonefast?
Cisco recommends only on the root bridge
Auto mode
Causes switch to actively determine whether alternative paths exist to root bridge in case ther eis an indirect failure
The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance

15. How much BW does a PSTN connection use?
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)
63 kbps
Embeds the tag within the frame
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries

16. What is best effort delivery QOS?
Connects with SONET or SDH
That they aren't using the same frequencies.
Per VLAN
Switches make an effort to move packets as quickly as possible

17. What is the IEEE standard for STP?
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions
802.1D
Using digital certificates
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack

18. When a host is connected to a switchport - why aren't frame errors propagated?
Every hello interval regardless of whether BDPUs are received from root - allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology
Because each frame is checked
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)

19. How are RSTP point to point ports determined?
Automatically by duplex mode in use. Full duplex are point ot point. Half duplex ports use traditional 802.1D convergence is used.
The active router. All other routers are in backup state
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router
Plain text or md5

20. What is the default MTU?
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports
1500B
Compatible with 802.11b - up to 54Mbps in 12 data rates - 3 channels - 2.4Ghz
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1

21. What is differentiated services model QOS?
1500B
Each network device handles packets individually with no advance reservations
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw
One that can be detected on a switch interface (ie. Up/down)

22. When looking at the sh spanning tree output - What does P2P peer(STP) denote?
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port
A point to point port type but the neighboring device runs traditional 802.1D STP
Create 2 hsrp groups - each with the active router being different switches - then have clients point to each
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions

23. What is route caching?

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24. How do Cisco IP phones communicate with the CCM?
Any ports associated with an isolated vlan can reach the primary - but not any other secondary. Hosts withn an isolated vlan can't reach each other
Port with redundant - but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate
Checks the sender's ip in all arp requests and checks the sender's IP against target IP in all replies
With the skinny protocol

25. How does packet forwarding work
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal
The TOS field in the header is used. 2 methods 3 bits or 6 bits
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw

26. What is the SDM?
1-lowest root bridge ID - 2-lowest root path cost - 3-lowest bridgeID - 4-lowest port ID
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
No

27. What is the size of ISL encapsulation?
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC
0-255
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk

28. What is a direct topology change?
One that can be detected on a switch interface (ie. Up/down)
Nonstop forwarding is an interactive method focusing on rebuilding the RIB after SUP switchover
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)
Switched Virtual Interface - an L3 address can be assigned to a logical interface that represents an entire VLAN - which becomes the DGW for that VLAN

29. What is Per VLAN STP (PVST)?
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q
As a VLAN access map
Used to switch packets that can't be forwarded normallly due to an encapsulation failure - unresolved address - unsupported protocol - etc.

30. Where are security and QoS ACLs stored?
1-ID link path costs - 2-ID roodt bridge - 3-select root port (1/switch) - 4-select designated port (1/segment) - 5-ID blocking port
Change in trunk encap
Those that connect to other switches
TCAM

31. When looking at the sh spanning tree output - What does P2P denote?
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged
Route once - switch many
A point to point port type
If a unidirectional link is detected - the port continues normally - but the port is marked as undetermined and a syslog is generated

32. Automatically configure STP timers
Use the spanning-tree root macro
A port can only forward or relay BDPUs - but can't receive them - disabled by default - enabled per-port - blocks port when superior BDPUs are received
RADIUS
Can hear only BDPUs

33. what must be done on an SVI before it is activated?
No shut
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP
Roughly 50%
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network

34. What is jitter?
Checks the source MAC in the header against the sender MAC in the ARP reply
A private VLAN can be logically associated with a special secondary vlan
Variation in delay
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port

35. What types of authentication does HSRP allow?
Show standby
Option 43
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root
Plain text or md5

36. What is RTP?
With the skinny protocol
Real-time Transport Protocol
Nonstop forwarding is an interactive method focusing on rebuilding the RIB after SUP switchover
On ports where you never expect to find a root bridge for a VLAN

37. What are the steps of RSTP convergence?
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state
1-ID link path costs - 2-ID roodt bridge - 3-select root port (1/switch) - 4-select designated port (1/segment) - 5-ID blocking port
The TOS field in the header is used. 2 methods 3 bits or 6 bits

38. How does 802.3af do power discovery?
19
Yes
7 switches from root bridge
Sends a voltage across the receive pairs to detect a 25k ohm resistance

39. Can loop guard and udld be used together?
Trunk
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
Yes
On by default

40. If one end of an Etherchannel (either type) is set to on and the channel doesn't form - what should you check?

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41. RSTP point to point port
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz
Silent
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port
Hold time is 3xhello. A skew time of 256ms-routerpriority)/256ms is added

42. What does the dst-mac option do when checking ARP replies
Manually
Disabled - blocking - listening - learning - forwarding
Used to switch packets destined for the null interface
Checks the destination MAC in the header against the target MAC in the ARP reply

43. How are errdisable triggers tuned?
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state
Globally
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow
Using digital certificates

44. At what layer does EAPOL run?
Globally
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen
L2
1 to 64

45. What is unique about HSRP group numbers?
The switch checks the MAC and IP reported in the reply against trusted values. If they don't match - it is dropped and logged
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another

46. What is common spanning tree (CST)?
Both ends should be on because on modes doesn't send PAgP or LACP packets
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves
Each physical interface has a different IP address. All physical interfaces point to a virtual interface called the standby address or VIP
Single instance of STP for all VLANs. BDPUs are sent over trunks using the native VLAN with untagged frames. Dot1q based

47. What format does the GLBP MAC use?
0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is six 0 bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group numberr. Yyyy is the virtual forwarder number
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz
FIB
2 seconds

48. What happens when switches receive a configuration BDPU?
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)
2 seconds (def)
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC

49. How are frames forwarded across a specific link?
Hashing algorithm
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
12 kbps with headers and compression
Only when a nonedge port transitions to forwarding

50. How is the IPT 802.1 trunk negotiated?
MAC addresses are learned from the source MAC of incoming frames. If the destination address is unknown - the frame is flooded out all except the receiving port.
FE and GE
Automatically using DTP and CDP
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary