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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What if RSTP BDPUs aren't received?
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)
1-ID link path costs - 2-ID roodt bridge - 3-select root port (1/switch) - 4-select designated port (1/segment) - 5-ID blocking port
Between any type of interface as long as the interface can have an L3 address assigned

2. How does packet forwarding work
Up to 4 can be used in a group. Called active virtual forwarders (AVF)
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains
Hold time is 3xhello. A skew time of 256ms-routerpriority)/256ms is added
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw

3. What are the characteristics of the access layer?
By sending a gratuitous ARP
802.1D
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting

4. What is errdisable pagp-flap?
If a unidirectional link is detected - the port continues normally - but the port is marked as undetermined and a syslog is generated
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.
19
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config

5. How does IPT behave when the voice VLAN is in dot1p mode?
Allows devices to interoperate with PVST and CST. Can use both dot1q and ISL
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p
Compatible with 802.11b - up to 54Mbps in 12 data rates - 3 channels - 2.4Ghz
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS

6. What are the 3 trunk switchport modes?
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.
1- enable MST - 2-enter MST config mode - 3-assign region name and region configuration rev - 4-map vlans to an MSTI - 5-show pending changes - 6- commit by exiting

7. What is the GLBP group and priority range
Those that connect to other switches
Only when a nonedge port transitions to forwarding
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)
All ports where root isn't expected

8. What is a proxy arp?

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9. What types of links can be trunked?
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies
FE - GE - and aggregated FE/GE Etherchannels
0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is six 0 bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group numberr. Yyyy is the virtual forwarder number

10. What is UDLD normal mode?
With portfast
If a unidirectional link is detected - the port continues normally - but the port is marked as undetermined and a syslog is generated
Controls where candidate root bridges can be connected and found on a network
Port with redundant - but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate

11. What is the PVLAN host mode?
1- trunking mode - 2-trunk encapsulation - 3-native VLAN - 4-allowed VLAN
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions

12. What functions does a WLC perform?
By sending a gratuitous ARP
MAC addresses are learned from the source MAC of incoming frames. If the destination address is unknown - the frame is flooded out all except the receiving port.
Control functions
Gets assistance from other NSF-aware neighbors. NSF features need to be built into the routing protocols on router needing and providing assistance

13. What is a cell?

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14. What is 802.1x force-unauthorized?
Port is forced to never authorize any connected client
4
Trunk
The point at which a switch decides to trust incoming Qos. Usually at boundary with ISP

15. What is the switch block?
That they aren't using the same frequencies.
Allows devices to interoperate with PVST and CST. Can use both dot1q and ISL
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches
Controls where candidate root bridges can be connected and found on a network

16. How is UDLD configured?
Per-port or globally for all fiber-optic ports. Can be enabled globally - but will only affect fiber ports
Immediate (class 2)
Configure non-silent submode
The port uses 802.1x exchange to move from unauthorized to authorized. Requires app on client

17. If one end of an Etherchannel (either type) is set to on and the channel doesn't form - what should you check?

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18. What are the 4 steps in DHCP negotiation?
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves
It can't
Usually QoS from VOIP but not PC dataa
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack

19. What can cause a wireless client to switch between Aps?
224.0.0.2 (all routers)
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it
Root - designated - blocking - alternate - forwarding (host)

20. What is the range of PAgP channel group numbers?
Embeds the tag within the frame
1 to 64
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack

21. Does VTP pass private VLAN configuration?
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)
Configure and enable DHCP snooping
Port is forced to never authorize any connected client
No

22. How does DAI work?
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.
5 (0-4 with 4 being the highest)
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.

23. What must be in common for a BSS to form?
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root
Show standby

24. How do you find duplex mismatches?
All ports where root isn't expected
On ports where you never expect to find a root bridge for a VLAN
They must be carried over a voice VLAN (VVID) or over a regular data VLAN (ie. The native VLAN or the PVID)
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10

25. What is a bridge ID made up of?
802.1D
Bridge priority and MAC
10-15%
Change in trunk encap

26. What are the gotchas for uplinkfast?

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27. What routing protocols support NSF?
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over specified VLAN - voice QOS is 802.1p
Checks the destination MAC in the header against the target MAC in the ARP reply
1-ID link path costs - 2-ID roodt bridge - 3-select root port (1/switch) - 4-select designated port (1/segment) - 5-ID blocking port
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.

28. Whan is a 10GE WAN PHY?
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action
Connects with SONET or SDH

29. What data does DHCP snooping track?
Data and voice over native vlan no QOS and no 802.1p trunk
Flash override (class 4)
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.
The L3 forwarding engine can't forward the packet in hardware because there is no L2 next-hop address - so the packet is sent to the L3 engine to generate the ARP response

30. Where is UDLD enabled?
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings
Isolated and community
With portfast

31. What functions does a LAP perform?
Real-time functions such as beacons and probes - encryption and interactions with the client at L2
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated
Distribution layer
Only when a nonedge port transitions to forwarding

32. How should the switch port to which a WLC be configured?
Set the native VLAN of a trunk to a bogus or unused VLAN ID then prune the native VLAN off both ends of the trunk
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.
Distribution layer
Trunk

33. If a wireless station needs to transmit and another device is transmitting - what happens?
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)

34. How does L3 QOS classification happen?
TCAM
The TOS field in the header is used. 2 methods 3 bits or 6 bits
Those that connect to other switches
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings

35. How should the switch port to which an autonomous AP be configured?
Switched Virtual Interface - an L3 address can be assigned to a logical interface that represents an entire VLAN - which becomes the DGW for that VLAN
Trunk
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state
By using a trunk link

36. How should backbonefast be configured?
On all switches in network to enable RLQ request and reply
The same as a standby group in HSRP
If the switch or the powered device doesn't suport power class discovery
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)

37. What must be supported for port-based security to occur?
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies
134 bits
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
1 per segment

38. if the switchport is part of an etherchannel - Where is the network assigned
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy
To the virtual port-channel interface
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
Root - designated - blocking - alternate - forwarding (host)

39. Define HSRP
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen
On by default
Cisco ILP and 802.3af
Checks the sender's ip in all arp requests and checks the sender's IP against target IP in all replies

40. What are the steps to configure a PAgP port channel?
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
1-(opt) configure load balancing - 2-select the interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-select the mode and submode
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.

41. What are the port channel load balancing methods?
Usually QoS from VOIP but not PC dataa
1- inferior BDPU on blocked-considered alternative - 2-inferior on root-all blocked ports considered alternate - 3-if inferior arrives on root and no blocked ports - assumes loss of connectivity to root
Nonstop forwarding is an interactive method focusing on rebuilding the RIB after SUP switchover
Src-ip - dst-ip - src-dst-ip - src-mac - dst-mac - src-dst-mac - src-port - dst-port - src-dst-port

42. What are the steps to configure a LACP port channel?
No
1-(opt) set system priority - 2-select interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-set the mode - 5-(opt) set the port priority
A private VLAN can be logically associated with a special secondary vlan
Variation in delay

43. How do VRRP routers handle preemption?
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
Hold time is 3xhello. A skew time of 256ms-routerpriority)/256ms is added
Full duplex
On by default

44. How do IP phones communicate with each other?
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic
If a unidirectional link is detected - the switch doesn't try to reestablish the link. ULD msgs are sent once/sec for 8 seconds - then the port is err-disabled
Incoming frames dropped - but MACs learned

45. How does IPT behave when the voice VLAN is in vlan-id mode?
Used to switch packets that can't be forwarded normallly due to an encapsulation failure - unresolved address - unsupported protocol - etc.
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over specified VLAN - voice QOS is 802.1p
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced
0-255

46. How is 802.1x configured for port security?
Real-time functions such as beacons and probes - encryption and interactions with the client at L2
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries
RADIUS

47. the static port to vlan membership is handled in _____
The TOS field in the header is used. 2 methods 3 bits or 6 bits
The ASIC
0-255
L2

48. What is errdisable dtp-flap?
Switches make an effort to move packets as quickly as possible
Change in trunk encap
Both layer 2 switching and IVR
0-255 (lower is better)

49. How do you show HSRP status
Distribution
Show standby
On all switches in network to enable RLQ request and reply
The DCF interframe space- the random backoff time before a wireless set can transmit

50. What is jitter?
Variation in delay
MST attributes must be manually entereed on each switch in the region. They don' t propagate like VTP.
The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance
A single broadcast domain