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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Define HSRP
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP
1/2 and 3/6
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.

2. How are errdisable triggers tuned?
Switched Virtual Interface - an L3 address can be assigned to a logical interface that represents an entire VLAN - which becomes the DGW for that VLAN
RADIUS
Globally
Checks the destination MAC in the header against the target MAC in the ARP reply

3. How are RSTP point to point ports determined?
Automatically by duplex mode in use. Full duplex are point ot point. Half duplex ports use traditional 802.1D convergence is used.
802.1w
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up

4. How long are TCAM masks?
Src-ip - dst-ip - src-dst-ip - src-mac - dst-mac - src-dst-mac - src-port - dst-port - src-dst-port
Port with best root path cost on segment
134 bits
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master

5. Define GLBP
A MAC is seen on a different port
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary
No
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS

6. At what layer does EAPOL run?
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.
L2
Src-dst-ip

7. How does dot1q do trunking?
1-LAP gets a DHCP address - 2-LAP learns IP of available WLC - 3-LAP sends a join request to WLC and receives join reply - 4-WLC sends code image - if necessary - 5-Tunnels are created
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)
Embeds the tag within the frame
Local only

8. What is accelerated CEF (aCEF)?
802.11
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset
Sends a test tone on the transmit pair. If a device is detected - CDP is used to narrow down the power class.
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP

9. What must you be sure of if AP cells overlap?

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10. What is the 80/20 rule?
Roughly 50%
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN
Immediate (class 2)

11. What is 802.1x force-authorized?
No shut
The port is forced to always authorize any connected client with no authentication necessary (default)
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow
Discarding - learning - forwarding

12. What is a vlan?
A single broadcast domain
Weak key rotation
Within a single MST region - an IST instances runs to work out a loop free topology between links where CST meets the region boundary and all switches in the region. It runs at the boundary.
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability

13. What does the skinny protocol do?
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM
Only when a nonedge port transitions to forwarding
134 bits - consisting of source and destination addresses and protocol information from the packet or frame
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance

14. What happens when switches receive a configuration BDPU?
No
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary
Checks the source MAC in the header against the sender MAC in the ARP reply
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)

15. What types of links can be trunked?
Controls where candidate root bridges can be connected and found on a network
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance
FE - GE - and aggregated FE/GE Etherchannels
No

16. What is the STP disabled state?
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p
A key string of up to 8 characters is sent. Default is cisco.
Admin down
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value

17. What is DSCP codepoint EF(46)?
Globally or per-port
Critical...used most often for IPT
Almost eliminates listening and learning states for single hosts on an access link
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk

18. If a port is configured for errdisable auto recovery - how long does it stay down?
For hosts that doesn't understand routing - the DGW is configured to reply with its own mac
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance
The TOS field in the header is used. 2 methods 3 bits or 6 bits
300 sec by default

19. RSTP backup port
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP
Port with redundant - but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)
1- inferior BDPU on blocked-considered alternative - 2-inferior on root-all blocked ports considered alternate - 3-if inferior arrives on root and no blocked ports - assumes loss of connectivity to root

20. What are the 3 RSTP port types?
Edge - root - and point to point
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO
Access
Usually QoS from VOIP but not PC dataa

21. What is best effort delivery QOS?
Group (0-255) - priority (1-254 254 is highest - 100 default)
Half because transmitting and receiving stations use the same frequency
Stateful switchover - redundant sup is fully booted and init'd. Both start and run config are synched as is L2 information - and switchinterfaces.
Switches make an effort to move packets as quickly as possible

22. What are TCAM entries composed of?
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
Distribution
Value - mask - and result (VMR) combinations
L2

23. What method of QOS does voice traffic use most frequently?
Differentiated services
The point at which a switch decides to trust incoming Qos. Usually at boundary with ISP
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.

24. What is a topology change?
Option 43
When a port moves into forwarding or from fowarding or learning to blocking.
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers
Admin down

25. How is a WLC handoff handled when the WLCs are in different subnets?
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)
By using an Ether-IP tunnel

26. What is the bridge priority range?
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs
300 sec by default
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports

27. How are frames forwarded across a specific link?
Hashing algorithm
The TOS field in the header is used. 2 methods 3 bits or 6 bits
The master router can share the VIP
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance

28. What is RTP?
Real-time Transport Protocol
Yes
By short-circuiting the max age timer
Disabled - blocking - listening - learning - forwarding

29. How does HSRP port tracking work?

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30. How do you configure DAI for statically configured IP addresses?
A TCN BDPU is sent out of the switch's root port. The switch will continue sending TCN's every hello interval until ack'd by upstream neighbor. The root bridge will send a Config BDPU to all switches
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings
Connects to a router - firewall - or gateway. Can communicate with anything else connected to the primary or any secondary. Ignores pvlan config
Data and voice over native vlan no QOS and no 802.1p trunk

31. What functions does a WLC perform?
1- inferior BDPU on blocked-considered alternative - 2-inferior on root-all blocked ports considered alternate - 3-if inferior arrives on root and no blocked ports - assumes loss of connectivity to root
Control functions
Root
Between any type of interface as long as the interface can have an L3 address assigned

32. How much overlap should WAPs have?
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds
That they aren't using the same frequencies.
10-15%
Port with best root path cost

33. What routing protocols support NSF?
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.
2 seconds (def)
Src-ip - dst-ip - src-dst-ip - src-mac - dst-mac - src-dst-mac - src-port - dst-port - src-dst-port

34. What is a microcell?
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP
Cisco recommends only on the root bridge
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up

35. What is an indirect topology change?
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk
MST attributes must be manually entereed on each switch in the region. They don' t propagate like VTP.

36. What is the default 802.3af power class and its use?

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37. How does Root Guard work?

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38. What is the switch block?
MST attributes must be manually entereed on each switch in the region. They don' t propagate like VTP.
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches
Those that connect to other switches

39. How does ISL handle COS?
Checks the destination MAC in the header against the target MAC in the ARP reply
The frame tag contains a 3 but portion tagged from 0 (low) to 7 (high)
As a VLAN access map
No

40. What is errdisable dtp-flap?
Will trunk if asked
Only for the offending VLAN on the port
Change in trunk encap
802.11

41. How does an L2 switch do QOS?
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk
When a specific interface is tracked - HSRP reduces it's priority after a specified interval.
Distribution layer

42. What does the RP do?
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it
A host port goes up or down
Globally or per-port
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)

43. How are VACLs configured?
Makes use of the DHCP snooping database and static ip source binding entries. If enabled - switch will test addresses
Both ends should be on because on modes doesn't send PAgP or LACP packets
As a VLAN access map
Between interfaces that are assigned to L2 VLANs or L2 trunks

44. What must be in common for a BSS to form?
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
Local only
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials
Distribution layer

45. What is the VRRP skew time?
Compatible with 802.11b - up to 54Mbps in 12 data rates - 3 channels - 2.4Ghz
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP
Hold time is 3xhello. A skew time of 256ms-routerpriority)/256ms is added
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.

46. What is the PVLAN promiscuous mode?
Port is forced to never authorize any connected client
Connects to a router - firewall - or gateway. Can communicate with anything else connected to the primary or any secondary. Ignores pvlan config
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root
Switched Virtual Interface - an L3 address can be assigned to a logical interface that represents an entire VLAN - which becomes the DGW for that VLAN

47. What is the cost of a 1Gbps link?
By creating a static IP binding
4
1- trunking mode - 2-trunk encapsulation - 3-native VLAN - 4-allowed VLAN
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1

48. How is the IPT 802.1 trunk negotiated?
Switched Virtual Interface - an L3 address can be assigned to a logical interface that represents an entire VLAN - which becomes the DGW for that VLAN
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate
Automatically using DTP and CDP
Globally

49. How does ISL do trunking?
By configuring every switch port to have an expected and controlled behavior
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer
All ports where root isn't expected
A point to point port type but the neighboring device runs traditional 802.1D STP

50. FE connectors use...
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
300 sec
Admin down
Port