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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What does the ip option do when checking ARP replies

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2. How does adding option-82 to DHCP snooping affect things?

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3. How does loop guard block ports?
Only for the offending VLAN on the port
Silent
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack

4. What is topology-basec caching?
On all switches in network to enable RLQ request and reply
The topology is pre-populated by downloading the topology DB into the FIB and dynamically updated. Called Cisco Express Forwarding
Hosts associated with a secondary VLAN can communicate with ports on the primary but not with another secondary VLAN
Checks the destination MAC in the header against the target MAC in the ARP reply

5. Where shoul dmultilayer switches be implemented?
Configuration and TCN
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies
Distribution layer
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.

6. What are the 2 types of secondary VLAN?
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.
The campus network's backbone
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)
Isolated and community

7. What is a wall wart?
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.
Multicasts to 224.0.0.18 (VRRP)
The distribution layer should have only L3 links

8. How can BDPU Guard be configured?
Globally or per-port
On ports where you never expect to find a root bridge for a VLAN
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance

9. What does uplinkfast do?
Distribution layer
Limits the number if dhcp requests on a port
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings
Enables switches at the end of the spanning tree branches to have a functioning root port while keeping 1 or more redundant potential ports in blocking mode. When the main fails - the other comes up.

10. What is the 80/20 rule?
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN

11. How should UDLD be configured?
The configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another
Weak key rotation
FE - GE - and aggregated FE/GE Etherchannels

12. How is a QoS trust bondary configured?
It is enabled by default on all CEF capable switches
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies
Configuration and TCN
Switched Virtual Interface - an L3 address can be assigned to a logical interface that represents an entire VLAN - which becomes the DGW for that VLAN

13. What is an MST instance?
The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance
Half because transmitting and receiving stations use the same frequency
L2
For hosts that doesn't understand routing - the DGW is configured to reply with its own mac

14. What ILP mode are all ports in by default?
Real-time Transport Protocol
Auto mode
Variation in delay
Port with best root path cost

15. How are VACLs configured?
Aggregation - high L3 throughput - security and policy based connectivity functions through access lists and packet filters - QoS - scalable high-speed links
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
As a VLAN access map
All user ports that have portfast enabled

16. How do you show HSRP status
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker
Globally
Show standby
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers

17. What is the default 802.3af power class and its use?

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18. How is root port decided upon?
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
SC fiber or RJ-45
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID
Lowest cumulative cost to root

19. What address does HSRP send hello packets to?
Roughly 50%
224.0.0.2 (all routers)
The RP listens to a flow's 1st packet for the dest. The SE listens to the packet and dest and puts a shortcut in the MSL cache. Netflow switching - route once - switch many
Both layer 2 switching and IVR

20. How many virtual MACs can GLBP have?
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.
Up to 4 can be used in a group. Called active virtual forwarders (AVF)

21. How do IP phones communicate with each other?
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP
On ports where you never expect to find a root bridge for a VLAN
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root
1-LAP gets a DHCP address - 2-LAP learns IP of available WLC - 3-LAP sends a join request to WLC and receives join reply - 4-WLC sends code image - if necessary - 5-Tunnels are created

22. How is RSTP synchronization accomplished?
Access or trunk
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root
Can hear only BDPUs
They should be an unconditional Etherchannel because the WLC can't negotiate a channel.

23. Where are security and QoS ACLs stored?
Packets must be sent to the L3 engine for further processing
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal
TCAM
Auto mode

24. What is a wireless mobility group?
300 sec by default
Collision domain
Used to switch packets destined for the null interface
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group

25. What is the size of ISL encapsulation?
Sets the switchport mode to access - enables portfast - and turns off channel grouping for the port
Very high L3 throughput - no access lists or port filtering - redundancy and resilience - advanced QoS
Use the spanning-tree root macro
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC

26. How does packet forwarding work
Cisco recommends only on the root bridge
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.
1-name the chain - 2-establish a key number - 3-create the key string - 4-apply the chain to the string

27. What is UDLD normal mode?
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO
If a unidirectional link is detected - the port continues normally - but the port is marked as undetermined and a syslog is generated
One that can be detected on a switch interface (ie. Up/down)
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds

28. By default - what layer do catalyst switchports operate on?
If a unidirectional link is detected - the switch doesn't try to reestablish the link. ULD msgs are sent once/sec for 8 seconds - then the port is err-disabled
By short-circuiting the max age timer
Configuration and TCN
L2

29. What is a microcell?
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)
Up to 4 can be used in a group. Called active virtual forwarders (AVF)
Trusted ports
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced

30. What is RPR?
An AP's coverage area
Checks the sender's ip in all arp requests and checks the sender's IP against target IP in all replies
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow

31. What happens if both 802.1D and RSTP BDPUs are received?
The port will operate under 802.1D rules. If they are received on the same port - it will run 802.1D until the migration delay expires
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server
0-255
Packets must be sent to the L3 engine for further processing

32. Which 4 things must be agreeable to trunk?
Yes
L2
1- trunking mode - 2-trunk encapsulation - 3-native VLAN - 4-allowed VLAN
Trunk

33. What is a null adjacency?
0-255
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD
Used to switch packets destined for the null interface
It updates the L2 headers with the proper src and dst MAC - L3 TTL - L3 checksum - and L2 checksum information

34. can root guard and udld be used together?
Yes
A point to point port type
Interim solution - uses same hardware as WEP - but uses TKIP encryption
1-ID link path costs - 2-ID roodt bridge - 3-select root port (1/switch) - 4-select designated port (1/segment) - 5-ID blocking port

35. Where is UDLD enabled?
Half because transmitting and receiving stations use the same frequency
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)

36. What is jitter?
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged
134 bits
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses
Variation in delay

37. By default - what submode does PAgP operate in with the desirable and auto modes?
Yes
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets
By using a trunk link
Silent

38. How does IPT behave when the voice VLAN is in untagged mode?
16 - IST gets MSTI 0 - 1-15 are available for use. MSTIs are locally significant to the MST region
Variation in delay
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)

39. How do you enable CEF?
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance
Best effort delivery - integrated services model - and differentiated services model
Per VLAN
It is enabled by default on all CEF capable switches

40. What does the RP do?
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up
For hosts that doesn't understand routing - the DGW is configured to reply with its own mac

41. What are the 3 ways GLBP load-balances?
Variation in delay
MAC addresses are learned from the source MAC of incoming frames. If the destination address is unknown - the frame is flooded out all except the receiving port.
A port can only forward or relay BDPUs - but can't receive them - disabled by default - enabled per-port - blocks port when superior BDPUs are received
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent

42. What is Per VLAN STP (PVST)?
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.
Differentiated services
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q

43. When looking at the sh spanning tree output - What does P2P denote?
A point to point port type
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router
If the switch or the powered device doesn't suport power class discovery
Globally

44. At what layer does EAPOL run?
L2
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.
Used to switch packets destined for the null interface
Port with redundant - but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate

45. What is the port number range?
0-255
VTP server for domain null with no password or secure mode
Frames are forwarded
LACP port priority

46. What is common spanning tree (CST)?
Weak key rotation
Promiscuous and host
Root
Single instance of STP for all VLANs. BDPUs are sent over trunks using the native VLAN with untagged frames. Dot1q based

47. What are the caveats for HSRP port tracking?
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers
Use the spanning-tree root macro
Option 43

48. How does HSRP port tracking work?

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49. What is errdisable pagp-flap?
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config
Full duplex
As a VLAN access map

50. What is DSCP?
By using a hash of a key string
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.
Differentiated services code point
The port will operate under 802.1D rules. If they are received on the same port - it will run 802.1D until the migration delay expires