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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How does UDLD work?
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root
Switches make an effort to move packets as quickly as possible
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD
A point to point port type

2. What does uplinkfast do?
A port can only forward or relay BDPUs - but can't receive them - disabled by default - enabled per-port - blocks port when superior BDPUs are received
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state
Enables switches at the end of the spanning tree branches to have a functioning root port while keeping 1 or more redundant potential ports in blocking mode. When the main fails - the other comes up.

3. What does the reload keyword do in HSRP?
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow
Sends a voltage across the receive pairs to detect a 25k ohm resistance
The ASIC

4. How often are BDPUs sent?
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value
2 seconds (def)
The ASIC
Root - designated - blocking - alternate - forwarding (host)

5. What must be in common for a BSS to form?
The master router can share the VIP
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table

6. What does port-security protect do?
Port stays up - packets from violating MACs dropped - no logging
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy
Makes use of the DHCP snooping database and static ip source binding entries. If enabled - switch will test addresses

7. What is an end to end vlan?
On ports where you never expect to find a root bridge for a VLAN
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)

8. What is DCF?
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions
Prevents the dhcp binding DB from being checked.
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
By sending a gratuitous ARP

9. What are TCAM entries composed of?
Value - mask - and result (VMR) combinations
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
With the skinny protocol
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset

10. What is 802.1x force-authorized?
Used when ACLs specify port ranges...used by TCAM
The port is forced to always authorize any connected client with no authentication necessary (default)
Flash (class 3)
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen

11. RSTP BPDU structure
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP
Some unused bits are used to allow a port to identify its role and state. Also the BDPUs state that they are V2 BDPUs
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS
RADIUS

12. What are the characteristics of the distribution layer?
Aggregation - high L3 throughput - security and policy based connectivity functions through access lists and packet filters - QoS - scalable high-speed links
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state
Real-time functions such as beacons and probes - encryption and interactions with the client at L2

13. RSTP backup port
Port with redundant - but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate
Real-time functions such as beacons and probes - encryption and interactions with the client at L2
Root - designated - blocking - alternate - forwarding (host)
2 seconds (def)

14. What routing protocols support NSF?
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.
Checks the destination MAC in the header against the target MAC in the ARP reply
Aggregation - high L3 throughput - security and policy based connectivity functions through access lists and packet filters - QoS - scalable high-speed links
Both layer 2 switching and IVR

15. What is the range of HSRP group numbers?
1-name the chain - 2-establish a key number - 3-create the key string - 4-apply the chain to the string
Causes switch to actively determine whether alternative paths exist to root bridge in case ther eis an indirect failure
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP
0-255

16. What is arp throttling?
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.
Yes
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state
During the time that the FIB entry is in CEF glean waiting for ARP entries - subsequent packet to that host are dropped to keep input queues from filling

17. Where does VRRP send advertisements?
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)
Multicasts to 224.0.0.18 (VRRP)
Dynamic arp inspection

18. How often are CAM table entries aged?
300 sec
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz
Silent
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP

19. What is the cost of a 1Gbps link?
Flash override (class 4)
4
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset
Sends a test tone on the transmit pair. If a device is detected - CDP is used to narrow down the power class.

20. How doed backbonefast work?
Half because transmitting and receiving stations use the same frequency
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance
By short-circuiting the max age timer
5 (0-4 with 4 being the highest)

21. What is a community secondary VLAN?
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan
They should be an unconditional Etherchannel because the WLC can't negotiate a channel.
Full duplex
Real-time Transport Protocol

22. What are the 3 redundant supervisor modes?
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group
1- enable MST - 2-enter MST config mode - 3-assign region name and region configuration rev - 4-map vlans to an MSTI - 5-show pending changes - 6- commit by exiting
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number

23. What is BDPU Guard?
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state
2 seconds
The total delay from start to finish
Any ports associated with an isolated vlan can reach the primary - but not any other secondary. Hosts withn an isolated vlan can't reach each other

24. What is the traditional MLS view of switching?
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced
Route once - switch many
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains

25. Where is bdpu guard enabled?
All user ports that have portfast enabled
The port will operate under 802.1D rules. If they are received on the same port - it will run 802.1D until the migration delay expires
802.11
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface

26. How much BW does a PSTN connection use?
63 kbps
Route once - switch many
Promiscuous and host
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry

27. What is an ESS?
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.
Weak key rotation
4
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports

28. What is Per VLAN STP (PVST)?
Control functions
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies
Usually QoS from VOIP but not PC dataa

29. What is the default 10mbps Enet duplex?
Half-duplex
Every hello interval regardless of whether BDPUs are received from root - allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology
To the virtual port-channel interface
134 bits

30. What is the IEEE standard for STP?
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it
134 bits - consisting of source and destination addresses and protocol information from the packet or frame
Route once - switch many
802.1D

31. What is accelerated CEF (aCEF)?
Option 43
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen

32. How many 802.3af power classes are there?
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
5 (0-4 with 4 being the highest)
Data and voice over native vlan no QOS and no 802.1p trunk

33. What contains the next-hop entries?
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.
1 per segment
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz
FIB

34. What is a drop adjacency?

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35. What must be supported for port-based security to occur?
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
Each physical interface has a different IP address. All physical interfaces point to a virtual interface called the standby address or VIP
Any ports associated with an isolated vlan can reach the primary - but not any other secondary. Hosts withn an isolated vlan can't reach each other
Nonstop forwarding is an interactive method focusing on rebuilding the RIB after SUP switchover

36. What does MSTP do?
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1
Between any type of interface as long as the interface can have an L3 address assigned
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow

37. How many potential links can LACP define?
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby
A single broadcast domain
Reboots and searches for a new WLC
MST attributes must be manually entereed on each switch in the region. They don' t propagate like VTP.

38. In a converged fabric - which switch(es) send config BDPUs?
2 seconds (def)
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number
Only on ports that have same static VLANs or trunking. It also modifies parameters of the channel if one of the ports is modified
Root

39. RSTP uses which standard?
Only a single host connects . If one BDPU is received - it is no longer an edge port
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet
802.1w

40. What is the cost of a 100Mbps link?
Full duplex
1 IP subnet
1 -2 -5.5 and 11 Mbps - Channels 1/6/11 - 2.4Ghz
19

41. What is layer 3 roaming?
RADIUS
If the switch or the powered device doesn't suport power class discovery
When a client roams between Aps in different subnets
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions

42. What happens when switches receive a configuration BDPU?
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)
Group (0-255) - priority (1-254 254 is highest - 100 default)

43. Can ARP replies be checked
Root - designated - blocking - alternate - forwarding (host)
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table
0-255
Yes

44. When should CDP be enabled?
Can hear only BDPUs
300 sec
Only for trusted Cisco gear - especially phones
Forces the router to wait for a period of time before attempting overthrow

45. How are VACLs configured?
As a VLAN access map
Globally or per-port
Collision domain
Route once - switch many

46. RSTP point to point port
Data and voice over native vlan no QOS and no 802.1p trunk
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port

47. How does dot1q do trunking?
300 sec by default
Embeds the tag within the frame
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block

48. What are the characteristics of the access layer?
Checks the source MAC in the header against the sender MAC in the ARP reply
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS
Promiscuous and host
Globally

49. What is the SDM?
Roughly 50%
Prevents the dhcp binding DB from being checked.
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO

50. What is the DIFS?
Distribution layer
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table
The DCF interframe space- the random backoff time before a wireless set can transmit