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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How do you enable CEF?
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP
It is enabled by default on all CEF capable switches
Per VLAN

2. How is RSTP synchronization accomplished?
19
1 to 64
Show standby
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root

3. How do you implement MST?

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4. How long are TCAM masks?
134 bits
0-255
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability

5. 802.11b
1 -2 -5.5 and 11 Mbps - Channels 1/6/11 - 2.4Ghz
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC
1 to 64
The redundant SUP is booted and sup and route engine is init'd. No L2 or L3 functions are started. Allows switchports to retain state

6. What is the duration time in a wireless frame?
The L3 forwarding engine can't forward the packet in hardware because there is no L2 next-hop address - so the packet is sent to the L3 engine to generate the ARP response
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged
One router is the active virtual gateway - has highest priority or IP in group - answers all ARP requests and gives MAC based on load balancing
Each frame transmits its expected duration time

7. What are the PAgP negotiation modes
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active
Automatically negotiates a common trunk mode between switches
134 bits
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)

8. What types of links can be trunked?
FE - GE - and aggregated FE/GE Etherchannels
A host port goes up or down
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk
The same as a standby group in HSRP

9. How is the IPT 802.1 trunk negotiated?
Critical...used most often for IPT
Automatically using DTP and CDP
1 to 64
L2

10. What are the 5 STP states?
Those that connect to other switches
Disabled - blocking - listening - learning - forwarding
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced

11. How are VACLs configured?
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.
As a VLAN access map
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby
Packets must be sent to the L3 engine for further processing

12. What is an end to end vlan?
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers

13. Where is UDLD enabled?
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)

14. How much BW does a voip connection use?
Each physical interface has a different IP address. All physical interfaces point to a virtual interface called the standby address or VIP
12 kbps with headers and compression
LWAPP (Cisco proprietary) and CAP-WAP (standards based)
MAC of the end device

15. What are the steps of RSTP convergence?
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)
Some unused bits are used to allow a port to identify its role and state. Also the BDPUs state that they are V2 BDPUs

16. When looking at the sh spanning tree output - What does P2P peer(STP) denote?
2 - one for control messages and one for data
Configure non-silent submode
A point to point port type but the neighboring device runs traditional 802.1D STP
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports

17. How often are BDPUs sent?
Access
1 to 64
No
2 seconds (def)

18. What is the size of ISL encapsulation?
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC
By using a trunk link

19. What is a topology change?
It is enabled by default on all CEF capable switches
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router
When a port moves into forwarding or from fowarding or learning to blocking.
Automatically by duplex mode in use. Full duplex are point ot point. Half duplex ports use traditional 802.1D convergence is used.

20. If there are 2 ports with same root cost - how is the tie broken for designated port?
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack
Checks the sender's ip in all arp requests and checks the sender's IP against target IP in all replies
1-lowest root bridge ID - 2-lowest root path cost - 3-lowest bridgeID - 4-lowest port ID
The campus network's backbone

21. What is the acceptible range of VLANS?
Plain text or md5
1- enable MST - 2-enter MST config mode - 3-assign region name and region configuration rev - 4-map vlans to an MSTI - 5-show pending changes - 6- commit by exiting
The distribution layer should have only L3 links
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)

22. What is step 1 of enabling IP source guard?
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID
Roughly 50%
Configure and enable DHCP snooping
Roughly 2000

23. What is the STP learning state?
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer
Trunk
Data and voice over native vlan no QOS and no 802.1p trunk
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses

24. How many MST instances can be in a region?
16 - IST gets MSTI 0 - 1-15 are available for use. MSTIs are locally significant to the MST region
Bridge priority and MAC
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)
Yes to both

25. What is portfast?
Any ports associated with an isolated vlan can reach the primary - but not any other secondary. Hosts withn an isolated vlan can't reach each other
300 sec
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
Almost eliminates listening and learning states for single hosts on an access link

26. What is the access layer best practice?
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance
A MAC is seen on a different port
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)

27. What is the range of PAgP channel group numbers?
134 bits - consisting of source and destination addresses and protocol information from the packet or frame
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy
300 sec by default
1 to 64

28. What does UDLD do?
Protects STP when a physical malfunction only allows traffic in 1 direction - even though the link shows as up (cisco proprietary)
Globally
It is enabled by default on all CEF capable switches
Normal and aggressive

29. What is a wall wart?
Lowest cumulative cost to root
Used to switch packets that can't be forwarded normallly due to an encapsulation failure - unresolved address - unsupported protocol - etc.
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.
Distribution

30. How does ISL handle COS?
The frame tag contains a 3 but portion tagged from 0 (low) to 7 (high)
Isolated and community
Controls where candidate root bridges can be connected and found on a network
On root - because the root bridge propagates timers with config BDPU

31. How should the switch port to which an autonomous AP be configured?
Trunk
Cisco recommends only on the root bridge
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec
The switch adds its MAC to the option 82 field so that the DHCP reply echoes back the switch's own information

32. How is DHCP snooping enabled (scope)?
Half-duplex
Configure non-silent submode
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker
Globally

33. What is the STP forwarding state?
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group
Using digital certificates
They must be carried over a voice VLAN (VVID) or over a regular data VLAN (ie. The native VLAN or the PVID)
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs

34. What does the dst-mac option do when checking ARP replies
19
Distribution
Checks the destination MAC in the header against the target MAC in the ARP reply
Use the spanning-tree root macro

35. What duplex setting does 802.11 use and why?
By creating a static IP binding
Packets must be sent to the L3 engine for further processing
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.
Half because transmitting and receiving stations use the same frequency

36. What is a community secondary VLAN?
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan
Distribution layer
1-(opt) configure load balancing - 2-select the interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-select the mode and submode
1-name the chain - 2-establish a key number - 3-create the key string - 4-apply the chain to the string

37. How doed backbonefast work?
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.
Because each frame is checked
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.
By short-circuiting the max age timer

38. What are the 3 trunk encap modes?
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD
It is enabled by default on all CEF capable switches
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)
Only a single host connects . If one BDPU is received - it is no longer an edge port

39. What are the three basic types of QOS?
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)
Sends a voltage across the receive pairs to detect a 25k ohm resistance
Best effort delivery - integrated services model - and differentiated services model
Single instance of STP for all VLANs. BDPUs are sent over trunks using the native VLAN with untagged frames. Dot1q based

40. What is an MST instance?
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)
The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary
Turn on port security

41. can root guard and loop guard be used together
No
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
Hashing algorithm
Only when a nonedge port transitions to forwarding

42. How does every GLBP command begin
Trusted or untrusted
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number
Prevents the dhcp binding DB from being checked.
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance

43. What is the standard for WLANs?
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active
Switches make an effort to move packets as quickly as possible
With portfast
802.11

44. What method of QOS does voice traffic use most frequently?
Differentiated services
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table
The same as a standby group in HSRP

45. For QoS - switch uplinks should always be considered as ____ _____?
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1
Trusted ports
No
A private VLAN can be logically associated with a special secondary vlan

46. What is accelerated CEF (aCEF)?
The frame tag contains a 3 but portion tagged from 0 (low) to 7 (high)
10-15%
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master

47. RSTP backup port
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer
Port with redundant - but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate

48. How does DSCP handle IP precedence?
Aggregation - high L3 throughput - security and policy based connectivity functions through access lists and packet filters - QoS - scalable high-speed links
Trusted ports
5 classes with 3 drop precedences
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)

49. If one end of an Etherchannel (either type) is set to on and the channel doesn't form - what should you check?

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50. What feedback mechanism does wireless use?
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack
Each physical interface has a different IP address. All physical interfaces point to a virtual interface called the standby address or VIP
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number