CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What happens when an ARP reply is received on an untrusted port?

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2. What does the SP do?
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP
It updates the L2 headers with the proper src and dst MAC - L3 TTL - L3 checksum - and L2 checksum information
Sets the switchport mode to access - enables portfast - and turns off channel grouping for the port


3. Where is root guard enabled?

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4. What are the gotchas for uplinkfast?

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5. Which fiber is the receive?
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
On the left as you face the connector
Full duplex


6. How does IPT behave when the voice VLAN is in dot1p mode?
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p
A host port goes up or down
Using a mobility exchange message
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)


7. What happens when the topology changes?

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8. What are the 3 ways GLBP load-balances?
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
Automatically using DTP and CDP
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)


9. RSTP edge port
224.0.0.2 (all routers)
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports
Only a single host connects . If one BDPU is received - it is no longer an edge port
By using an Ether-IP tunnel


10. How can you load-balance with HSRP?
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group
Sends a test tone on the transmit pair. If a device is detected - CDP is used to narrow down the power class.
10-15%
Create 2 hsrp groups - each with the active router being different switches - then have clients point to each


11. How does L3 QOS classification happen?
Src-ip - dst-ip - src-dst-ip - src-mac - dst-mac - src-dst-mac - src-port - dst-port - src-dst-port
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability
The TOS field in the header is used. 2 methods 3 bits or 6 bits
Trunk


12. In a converged fabric - which switch(es) send config BDPUs?
Root
Up to 4 can be used in a group. Called active virtual forwarders (AVF)
The ASIC
0-255


13. How do you show HSRP status
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions
Half because transmitting and receiving stations use the same frequency
Show standby
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary


14. What are the 4 steps in DHCP negotiation?
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack
SC fiber or RJ-45
Edge - root - and point to point
Can send and receive BDPUs


15. What is a CEF punt?

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16. What is the STP Max Age timer?
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds
No shut
Stateful switchover - redundant sup is fully booted and init'd. Both start and run config are synched as is L2 information - and switchinterfaces.
A MAC is seen on a different port


17. What are the RSTP port states?
Discarding - learning - forwarding
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet
The frame tag contains a 3 but portion tagged from 0 (low) to 7 (high)
Both layer 2 switching and IVR


18. What is a LACP priority?
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP
They disguise the origin of an attack
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)
For hosts that doesn't understand routing - the DGW is configured to reply with its own mac


19. How long are TCAM masks?
134 bits
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action
0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is six 0 bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group numberr. Yyyy is the virtual forwarder number
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack


20. What is an end to end vlan?
When a specific interface is tracked - HSRP reduces it's priority after a specified interval.
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric
802.1w
With the skinny protocol


21. How does VRRP do tracking?

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22. What are the 2 power over ethernet methods?
Cisco ILP and 802.3af
Untrusted
Configure and enable DHCP snooping
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active


23. If there are 2 ports with same root cost - how is the tie broken for designated port?
Switches make an effort to move packets as quickly as possible
Connects with SONET or SDH
1-lowest root bridge ID - 2-lowest root path cost - 3-lowest bridgeID - 4-lowest port ID
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN


24. What is a BSS?
Switched Virtual Interface - an L3 address can be assigned to a logical interface that represents an entire VLAN - which becomes the DGW for that VLAN
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.
All user ports that have portfast enabled
Untrusted


25. What is the cost of a 100Mbps link?
Almost eliminates listening and learning states for single hosts on an access link
Per-port or globally for all fiber-optic ports. Can be enabled globally - but will only affect fiber ports
19
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw


26. What is the port priority range?
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID
0-255 (lower is better)
By using a hash of a key string


27. How are VACLs configured?
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk
Can hear only BDPUs
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk
As a VLAN access map


28. What must you be sure of if AP cells overlap?

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29. What data does DHCP snooping track?
Immediate (class 2)
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)
Value - mask - and result (VMR) combinations


30. What are the characteristics of the core layer
Very high L3 throughput - no access lists or port filtering - redundancy and resilience - advanced QoS
Configuration and TCN
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
1 -2 -5.5 and 11 Mbps - Channels 1/6/11 - 2.4Ghz


31. How does a DHCP server send WLC addresses?
Option 43
The campus network's backbone
Checks the sender's ip in all arp requests and checks the sender's IP against target IP in all replies
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)


32. How do you configure LACP standby links?
LACP port priority
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions
802.1w


33. How often are HSRP hellos sent?
The RP listens to a flow's 1st packet for the dest. The SE listens to the packet and dest and puts a shortcut in the MSL cache. Netflow switching - route once - switch many
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1
Each network device handles packets individually with no advance reservations


34. What is errdisable pagp-flap?
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)
Distribution layer


35. How is a WLC handoff handled when the WLCs are in different subnets?
The DCF interframe space- the random backoff time before a wireless set can transmit
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings


36. What is a VRRP group?
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.
The same as a standby group in HSRP
No
Data and voice over native vlan no QOS and no 802.1p trunk


37. What is RPVST+?
Causes switch to actively determine whether alternative paths exist to root bridge in case ther eis an indirect failure
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)
Only a single host connects . If one BDPU is received - it is no longer an edge port


38. What 2 conditions does IP source guard check for?
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged
Some unused bits are used to allow a port to identify its role and state. Also the BDPUs state that they are V2 BDPUs
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry
A key string of up to 8 characters is sent. Default is cisco.


39. What functions does a WLC perform?
Yes to both
1-(opt) set system priority - 2-select interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-set the mode - 5-(opt) set the port priority
Differentiated services
Control functions


40. FE connectors use...
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
Regions and instances
Stateful switchover - redundant sup is fully booted and init'd. Both start and run config are synched as is L2 information - and switchinterfaces.


41. Where is loop guard enabled?
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1
Access
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports
Stateful switchover - redundant sup is fully booted and init'd. Both start and run config are synched as is L2 information - and switchinterfaces.


42. What is an ESS?
5 (0-4 with 4 being the highest)
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports
Option 43


43. How is a QoS trust bondary configured?
Discarding - learning - forwarding
1500B
The active router. All other routers are in backup state
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies


44. What contains the next-hop entries?
224.0.0.2 (all routers)
FE - GE - and aggregated FE/GE Etherchannels
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS
FIB


45. How do Cisco IP phones communicate with the CCM?
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.
SC fiber or RJ-45
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains
With the skinny protocol


46. What is the range of PAgP channel group numbers?
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole
1 to 64
It is enabled by default on all CEF capable switches
5 (0-4 with 4 being the highest)


47. What does the ip option do when checking ARP replies

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48. How does every HSRP config command begin?
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up
Within a single MST region - an IST instances runs to work out a loop free topology between links where CST meets the region boundary and all switches in the region. It runs at the boundary.
MST attributes must be manually entereed on each switch in the region. They don' t propagate like VTP.


49. Where is the QoS trust boundary usually configured on an IP phone?
2
No because they only participate if asked
Usually QoS from VOIP but not PC dataa
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value


50. How does 802.3af do power discovery?
Sends a voltage across the receive pairs to detect a 25k ohm resistance
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)
Cisco recommends only on the root bridge
Real-time functions such as beacons and probes - encryption and interactions with the client at L2