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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. One vlan should =
They disguise the origin of an attack
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan
1 IP subnet

2. What does a LAP do if it loses communication with it's WLC?
Reboots and searches for a new WLC
On ports where you never expect to find a root bridge for a VLAN
16 - IST gets MSTI 0 - 1-15 are available for use. MSTIs are locally significant to the MST region
A private VLAN can be logically associated with a special secondary vlan

3. What is the RSTP default hello interval?
2 seconds
All ports where root isn't expected
By configuring every switch port to have an expected and controlled behavior
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.

4. How do IP phones communicate with each other?
Compatible with 802.11b - up to 54Mbps in 12 data rates - 3 channels - 2.4Ghz
Allows devices to interoperate with PVST and CST. Can use both dot1q and ISL
It is enabled by default on all CEF capable switches
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP

5. What is a discard adjacency?
Allows devices to interoperate with PVST and CST. Can use both dot1q and ISL
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action

6. How is an instance defined?
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table
The port is forced to always authorize any connected client with no authentication necessary (default)
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP

7. What ILP mode are all ports in by default?
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)
1-name the chain - 2-establish a key number - 3-create the key string - 4-apply the chain to the string
Auto mode
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate

8. What is the range of PAgP channel group numbers?
1 to 64
With portfast
Makes use of the DHCP snooping database and static ip source binding entries. If enabled - switch will test addresses
Those that connect to other switches

9. What is the STP blocking state?
Differentiated services code point
Flash override (class 4)
Can hear only BDPUs
Tracks of BDPUs on nondesignated ports. When those BDPUs stop coming - the port is put into loop-inconsistent state and blocks

10. When are RSTP bdpus sent?
Every hello interval regardless of whether BDPUs are received from root - allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology
Automatically using DTP and CDP
FIB
As a VLAN access map

11. What is DSCP?
Differentiated services code point
Sends a voltage across the receive pairs to detect a 25k ohm resistance
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack
Promiscuous and host

12. What duplex setting does 802.11 use and why?
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance
Half because transmitting and receiving stations use the same frequency
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up
Local only

13. What is the STP forward delay timer?
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds
The switch checks the MAC and IP reported in the reply against trusted values. If they don't match - it is dropped and logged
To the virtual port-channel interface

14. What are the two private vlan association modes?
Promiscuous and host
A point to point port type but the neighboring device runs traditional 802.1D STP
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table

15. What are spoofed addresses?
Hashing algorithm
They disguise the origin of an attack
TCAM
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table

16. What is the port number range?
0-255
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS

17. What does MSTP consist of?
Value - mask - and result (VMR) combinations
Regions and instances
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number
Port with best root path cost on segment

18. What does DTP do?
Show standby
Automatically negotiates a common trunk mode between switches
LACP port priority
The ASIC

19. What are TCAM entries composed of?
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
Trunk
All ports where root isn't expected
Value - mask - and result (VMR) combinations

20. How is a WLC handoff handled when the WLCs are in different subnets?
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal
Port stays up - packets from violating MACs dropped - no logging
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
The RP listens to a flow's 1st packet for the dest. The SE listens to the packet and dest and puts a shortcut in the MSL cache. Netflow switching - route once - switch many

21. What is the PVLAN host mode?
The switch adds its MAC to the option 82 field so that the DHCP reply echoes back the switch's own information
Root
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan
It's a router that maintains routes (static or dynamic) - and populates the FIB

22. How can you tell if a switch block is too large?
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block
Automatically by duplex mode in use. Full duplex are point ot point. Half duplex ports use traditional 802.1D convergence is used.
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action
The frame tag contains a 3 but portion tagged from 0 (low) to 7 (high)

23. Which fiber is the receive?
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.
Frames are forwarded
On the left as you face the connector
The total delay from start to finish

24. How is DHCP snooping enabled (scope)?
RADIUS
Use the spanning-tree root macro
Globally
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action

25. How does uplinkfast handle changes in topology?
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.
Every hello interval regardless of whether BDPUs are received from root - allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk

26. What is portfast?
One that can be detected on a switch interface (ie. Up/down)
Almost eliminates listening and learning states for single hosts on an access link
When a port moves into forwarding or from fowarding or learning to blocking.
Each physical interface has a different IP address. All physical interfaces point to a virtual interface called the standby address or VIP

27. RSTP forwarding state
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q
Frames are forwarded
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic

28. What is the default MTU?
Untrusted
Globally or per-port
1500B
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen

29. How far chould a VLAN extend?
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries
Distribution layer
Gets assistance from other NSF-aware neighbors. NSF features need to be built into the routing protocols on router needing and providing assistance
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds

30. What are the 3 trunk switchport modes?
Flash override (class 4)
Roughly 50%
Globally or per-port
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)

31. What is backbonefast?
Option 43
Causes switch to actively determine whether alternative paths exist to root bridge in case ther eis an indirect failure
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary
Between interfaces that are assigned to L2 VLANs or L2 trunks

32. How do you find duplex mismatches?
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number
Via an 802.1Q trunk or a single VLAN access port
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)

33. Can two switches in the auto(PAgP) or passive (LACP) mode create a channel? Why?
No because they only participate if asked
Disabled - blocking - listening - learning - forwarding
Port with best root path cost
Controls where candidate root bridges can be connected and found on a network

34. How does IPT behave when the voice VLAN is in vlan-id mode?
Globally
A private VLAN can be logically associated with a special secondary vlan
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over specified VLAN - voice QOS is 802.1p

35. What is an indirect topology change?
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic
On by default
1 IP subnet
On all switches in network to enable RLQ request and reply

36. How does packet forwarding work
Needs hardware upgrade over WEP - uses AES encryption
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw
0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is six 0 bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group numberr. Yyyy is the virtual forwarder number
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number

37. How are BDPUs spread?
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
The DCF interframe space- the random backoff time before a wireless set can transmit
Single instance of STP for all VLANs. BDPUs are sent over trunks using the native VLAN with untagged frames. Dot1q based
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet

38. How much overlap should a wireless repeater have?
During the time that the FIB entry is in CEF glean waiting for ARP entries - subsequent packet to that host are dropped to keep input queues from filling
Roughly 50%
As a VLAN access map
MAC of the end device

39. What is the GLBP AVG?
4
One router is the active virtual gateway - has highest priority or IP in group - answers all ARP requests and gives MAC based on load balancing
Regions and instances
Between interfaces that are assigned to L2 VLANs or L2 trunks

40. What routing protocols support NSF?
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.
Group (0-255) - priority (1-254 254 is highest - 100 default)
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.
10-15%

41. What does BDPU filtering do?
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)

42. What is DCF?
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions
Weak key rotation
It's a router that maintains routes (static or dynamic) - and populates the FIB
Automatically negotiates a common trunk mode between switches

43. What is differentiated services model QOS?
Each network device handles packets individually with no advance reservations
Critical...used most often for IPT
Compatible with 802.11b - up to 54Mbps in 12 data rates - 3 channels - 2.4Ghz
TCAM

44. When looking at the sh spanning tree output - What does P2P denote?
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions
A point to point port type
Root - designated - blocking - alternate - forwarding (host)
The port uses 802.1x exchange to move from unauthorized to authorized. Requires app on client

45. What is the core block?

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46. How does RSTP converge?
A private VLAN can be logically associated with a special secondary vlan
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves
Using digital certificates
134 bits - consisting of source and destination addresses and protocol information from the packet or frame

47. What is Per VLAN STP (PVST)?
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
Yes
Access
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q

48. What is RPVST+?
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
Immediate (class 2)
Value - mask - and result (VMR) combinations
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry

49. can root guard and udld be used together?
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over specified VLAN - voice QOS is 802.1p
Forces the router to wait for a period of time before attempting overthrow
Yes

50. What is 802.1x force-unauthorized?
Port is forced to never authorize any connected client
No
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.
For hosts that doesn't understand routing - the DGW is configured to reply with its own mac