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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is BDPU Guard?
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
Multicasts to 224.0.0.18 (VRRP)
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state
Between interfaces that are assigned to L2 VLANs or L2 trunks

2. What is the default mode of load balancing?
Src-dst-ip
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings

3. What does BDPU filtering do?
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured
Automatically using DTP and CDP
It is enabled by default on all CEF capable switches

4. How should UDLD be configured?
The configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay
Show standby
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports
Per-port or globally for all fiber-optic ports. Can be enabled globally - but will only affect fiber ports

5. How do Cisco IP phones communicate with the CCM?
A point to point port type
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q
With the skinny protocol
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)

6. How is an RSTP edge port configured
With portfast
Create 2 hsrp groups - each with the active router being different switches - then have clients point to each
By short-circuiting the max age timer
Cisco ILP and 802.3af

7. How does the VRRP master router handle the VIP?
One that can be detected on a switch interface (ie. Up/down)
The master router can share the VIP
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine

8. What is latency?
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs
The total delay from start to finish
1- enable MST - 2-enter MST config mode - 3-assign region name and region configuration rev - 4-map vlans to an MSTI - 5-show pending changes - 6- commit by exiting
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent

9. What is the PVLAN promiscuous mode?
Within a single MST region - an IST instances runs to work out a loop free topology between links where CST meets the region boundary and all switches in the region. It runs at the boundary.
Connects to a router - firewall - or gateway. Can communicate with anything else connected to the primary or any secondary. Ignores pvlan config
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
Reboots and searches for a new WLC

10. By default - what submode does PAgP operate in with the desirable and auto modes?
Gets assistance from other NSF-aware neighbors. NSF features need to be built into the routing protocols on router needing and providing assistance
No
Create 2 hsrp groups - each with the active router being different switches - then have clients point to each
Silent

11. What are the two etherchannel negotiation protocols?
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up

12. Does GLBP allow preemption?
Only on ports that have same static VLANs or trunking. It also modifies parameters of the channel if one of the ports is modified
Yes
Tracks of BDPUs on nondesignated ports. When those BDPUs stop coming - the port is put into loop-inconsistent state and blocks
Silent

13. If you want IP source guard to detect spoofed MAC addresses - what must you do?
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz
A single broadcast domain
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN
Turn on port security

14. What does VTP do?
Admin down
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network
Critical...used most often for IPT
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM

15. What are the 5 steps to manualy configure STP?
1-ID link path costs - 2-ID roodt bridge - 3-select root port (1/switch) - 4-select designated port (1/segment) - 5-ID blocking port
Those that connect to other switches
If a unidirectional link is detected - the port continues normally - but the port is marked as undetermined and a syslog is generated
802.11

16. How do you disable DTP when you configure both ends of the ISL manually?
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz
12 kbps with headers and compression
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
Globally

17. How often are CAM table entries aged?
300 sec
The master router can share the VIP
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced

18. Where does VRRP send advertisements?
The master router can share the VIP
Because each frame is checked
Multicasts to 224.0.0.18 (VRRP)
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)

19. RSTP learning state
Automatically by duplex mode in use. Full duplex are point ot point. Half duplex ports use traditional 802.1D convergence is used.
Very high L3 throughput - no access lists or port filtering - redundancy and resilience - advanced QoS
Incoming frames dropped - but MACs learned
Sets the switchport mode to access - enables portfast - and turns off channel grouping for the port

20. What is a LACP priority?
Group (0-255) - priority (1-254 254 is highest - 100 default)
It updates the L2 headers with the proper src and dst MAC - L3 TTL - L3 checksum - and L2 checksum information
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)
Checks the source MAC in the header against the sender MAC in the ARP reply

21. WEP encryption
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state
No because they only participate if asked
Globally
Weak key rotation

22. What are the three basic types of QOS?
Distribution layer
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block
Best effort delivery - integrated services model - and differentiated services model
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary

23. What does port-security restrict do?
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets
Immediate (class 2)
300 sec
A TCN BDPU is sent out of the switch's root port. The switch will continue sending TCN's every hello interval until ack'd by upstream neighbor. The root bridge will send a Config BDPU to all switches

24. How much BW does a PSTN connection use?
63 kbps
Frames are forwarded
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.
Yes to both

25. What is the LACP priority range?
The port is forced to always authorize any connected client with no authentication necessary (default)
16 - IST gets MSTI 0 - 1-15 are available for use. MSTIs are locally significant to the MST region
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability

26. Where is bdpu guard enabled?
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
All user ports that have portfast enabled
A host port goes up or down

27. Where is loop guard enabled?
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions
Some unused bits are used to allow a port to identify its role and state. Also the BDPUs state that they are V2 BDPUs
For hosts that doesn't understand routing - the DGW is configured to reply with its own mac

28. How does VRRP do tracking?

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29. What scope is 802.1x enabled?
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic
Hold time is 3xhello. A skew time of 256ms-routerpriority)/256ms is added
Globally
Root - designated - alternate - and backup

30. What criteria are used to size a switch block?
It's a router that maintains routes (static or dynamic) - and populates the FIB
During the time that the FIB entry is in CEF glean waiting for ARP entries - subsequent packet to that host are dropped to keep input queues from filling
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains
Prevents the dhcp binding DB from being checked.

31. How many users should be within a switch block?
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs
Roughly 2000
5 classes with 3 drop precedences
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive

32. What is the port priority range?
Group (0-255) - priority (1-254 254 is highest - 100 default)
Multicasts to 224.0.0.18 (VRRP)
0-255 (lower is better)
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up

33. What if RSTP BDPUs aren't received?
It's a router that maintains routes (static or dynamic) - and populates the FIB
Gets assistance from other NSF-aware neighbors. NSF features need to be built into the routing protocols on router needing and providing assistance
Immediate (class 2)
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged

34. what must be done on an SVI before it is activated?
Connects with SONET or SDH
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better
One router is the active virtual gateway - has highest priority or IP in group - answers all ARP requests and gives MAC based on load balancing
No shut

35. How does the standby handle ARP issues after it becomes active?
2
For hosts that doesn't understand routing - the DGW is configured to reply with its own mac
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network
By sending a gratuitous ARP

36. What is UDLD normal mode?
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches
If a unidirectional link is detected - the port continues normally - but the port is marked as undetermined and a syslog is generated
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured
Connects to a router - firewall - or gateway. Can communicate with anything else connected to the primary or any secondary. Ignores pvlan config

37. RSTP alternate port
Access
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root
802.1w
Used to switch packets destined for the null interface

38. What is errdisable pagp-flap?
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config
Very high L3 throughput - no access lists or port filtering - redundancy and resilience - advanced QoS
1-ID link path costs - 2-ID roodt bridge - 3-select root port (1/switch) - 4-select designated port (1/segment) - 5-ID blocking port
Differentiated services code point

39. What is a CEF punt?

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40. What does the dst-mac option do when checking ARP replies
Access
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.
Admin down
Checks the destination MAC in the header against the target MAC in the ARP reply

41. What is a QoS trust boundary?
1 IP subnet
The point at which a switch decides to trust incoming Qos. Usually at boundary with ISP
Incoming frames dropped - but MACs learned
SC fiber or RJ-45

42. What are the restrictions for bundling into an Etherchannel?
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings
Bridge priority and MAC

43. What is unique about HSRP group numbers?
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another
When a port moves into forwarding or from fowarding or learning to blocking.

44. How do you configure a DHCP gateway?
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server
Variation in delay

45. What can the Etherchannel hash use?
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers
Connects with SONET or SDH

46. FE connectors use...
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
Silent
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk
Collision domain

47. What is Per VLAN STP (PVST)?
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q
Trusted ports
1- trunking mode - 2-trunk encapsulation - 3-native VLAN - 4-allowed VLAN
During the time that the FIB entry is in CEF glean waiting for ARP entries - subsequent packet to that host are dropped to keep input queues from filling

48. What is RPVST+?
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
The port is forced to always authorize any connected client with no authentication necessary (default)

49. How far chould a VLAN extend?
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset
Distribution layer
10-15%
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.

50. What 2 tunnelling mechanisms do the LAP and WLC use to communicate?
MAC addresses are learned from the source MAC of incoming frames. If the destination address is unknown - the frame is flooded out all except the receiving port.
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)
Compatible with 802.11b - up to 54Mbps in 12 data rates - 3 channels - 2.4Ghz
LWAPP (Cisco proprietary) and CAP-WAP (standards based)