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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How many potential links can LACP define?
802.1w
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby
1 per segment

2. How are errdisable triggers tuned?
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated
Manually
Globally
All user ports that have portfast enabled

3. How does the standby handle ARP issues after it becomes active?
Yes to both
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole
By sending a gratuitous ARP
With the skinny protocol

4. What is the SDM?
By short-circuiting the max age timer
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions
Any dhcp reply coming from an untrusted port is discarded and the offending port is put in errdisable
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state

5. What is layer 2 roaming?
Aggregation - high L3 throughput - security and policy based connectivity functions through access lists and packet filters - QoS - scalable high-speed links
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet
1 per segment

6. What types of ports autonegotiate?
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies
FE and GE
Makes use of the DHCP snooping database and static ip source binding entries. If enabled - switch will test addresses

7. What is a proxy arp?

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8. How many virtual MACs can GLBP have?
Up to 4 can be used in a group. Called active virtual forwarders (AVF)
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root
A port can only forward or relay BDPUs - but can't receive them - disabled by default - enabled per-port - blocks port when superior BDPUs are received
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.

9. Which ports should you consider trusted for DAI?
Can send and receive BDPUs
Access
12 kbps with headers and compression
Those that connect to other switches

10. What ILP mode are all ports in by default?
The master router can share the VIP
By sending a gratuitous ARP
Auto mode
Local only

11. What is the GLBP group and priority range
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)
Port is forced to never authorize any connected client
10-15%
Distribution layer

12. What functions does a LAP perform?
802.11
MST attributes must be manually entereed on each switch in the region. They don' t propagate like VTP.
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses
Real-time functions such as beacons and probes - encryption and interactions with the client at L2

13. How does IPT behave when the voice VLAN is in dot1p mode?
Tracks of BDPUs on nondesignated ports. When those BDPUs stop coming - the port is put into loop-inconsistent state and blocks
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p
Sets the switchport mode to access - enables portfast - and turns off channel grouping for the port
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID

14. How do you configure a DHCP gateway?
5 classes with 3 drop precedences
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack
Half because transmitting and receiving stations use the same frequency
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server

15. How do you renable an err-disable port by default?
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.
Manually

16. static vlans offer ____ based membership
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate
Port
The frame tag contains a 3 but portion tagged from 0 (low) to 7 (high)
The port will operate under 802.1D rules. If they are received on the same port - it will run 802.1D until the migration delay expires

17. How does every VRRP command begin?
The total delay from start to finish
Compatible with 802.11b - up to 54Mbps in 12 data rates - 3 channels - 2.4Ghz
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number
Priority (class 1)

18. What is a CEF punt?

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19. What is the default VTP state?
VTP server for domain null with no password or secure mode
2 - one for control messages and one for data
Between any type of interface as long as the interface can have an L3 address assigned
RADIUS

20. What is a discard adjacency?
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action
By sending a gratuitous ARP

21. What is dhcp snooping rate limiting?
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged
MAC addresses are learned from the source MAC of incoming frames. If the destination address is unknown - the frame is flooded out all except the receiving port.
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies
Limits the number if dhcp requests on a port

22. What happens during HSRP failover?
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured
Within a single MST region - an IST instances runs to work out a loop free topology between links where CST meets the region boundary and all switches in the region. It runs at the boundary.
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal

23. What is the portr ID?
Using digital certificates
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy
Makes use of the DHCP snooping database and static ip source binding entries. If enabled - switch will test addresses
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)

24. How does adding option-82 to DHCP snooping affect things?

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25. What is a VRRP group?
Trunk
The same as a standby group in HSRP
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q

26. How does the VRRP master router handle the VIP?
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy
The master router can share the VIP
Real-time Transport Protocol
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC

27. What is a topology change?
Hashing algorithm
When a port moves into forwarding or from fowarding or learning to blocking.
A private VLAN can be logically associated with a special secondary vlan
A port can only forward or relay BDPUs - but can't receive them - disabled by default - enabled per-port - blocks port when superior BDPUs are received

28. What is the VRRP master router?
The active router. All other routers are in backup state
Only for trusted Cisco gear - especially phones
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric
L2

29. How do Cisco IP phones communicate with the CCM?
RADIUS
The TOS field in the header is used. 2 methods 3 bits or 6 bits
With the skinny protocol
Use the spanning-tree root macro

30. What is an end to end vlan?
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers
Using a mobility exchange message
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table

31. RSTP point to point port
Yes
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)
Hosts associated with a secondary VLAN can communicate with ports on the primary but not with another secondary VLAN
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port

32. What is an IBSS?
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP
Port
Reboots and searches for a new WLC
On by default

33. When DHCP snooping is turned on - by default - it considers all ports ______
Untrusted
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10
1-ID link path costs - 2-ID roodt bridge - 3-select root port (1/switch) - 4-select designated port (1/segment) - 5-ID blocking port
Root - designated - alternate - and backup

34. Can ARP replies be checked
5 (0-4 with 4 being the highest)
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz
Yes
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root

35. what should you do if you expect a PAgP capable switch at the other end vs. a server or host?
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM
Configure non-silent submode
Show standby

36. What are the 2 power over ethernet methods?
Cisco ILP and 802.3af
Half-duplex
Discarding - learning - forwarding
Real-time Transport Protocol

37. What are spoofed addresses?
They disguise the origin of an attack
Per-port or globally for all fiber-optic ports. Can be enabled globally - but will only affect fiber ports
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)

38. How does 802.3af do power discovery?
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets
Per-port or globally for all fiber-optic ports. Can be enabled globally - but will only affect fiber ports
Sends a voltage across the receive pairs to detect a 25k ohm resistance
The frame tag contains a 3 but portion tagged from 0 (low) to 7 (high)

39. What is the IEEE standard for STP?
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group
Globally or per-port
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions
802.1D

40. How does the CEF L3 engine operate?

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41. What 2 conditions does IP source guard check for?
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry
Yes

42. How does backbonefast determine whether alternative paths exist?
1- inferior BDPU on blocked-considered alternative - 2-inferior on root-all blocked ports considered alternate - 3-if inferior arrives on root and no blocked ports - assumes loss of connectivity to root
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports
Full duplex
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action

43. 802.11a
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow
1- trunking mode - 2-trunk encapsulation - 3-native VLAN - 4-allowed VLAN
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz
7 switches from root bridge

44. Does a WLC and a LAP need to be on the same subnet?
No
With portfast
Flash (class 3)
Between interfaces that are assigned to L2 VLANs or L2 trunks

45. What is the default FE duplex?
Dynamic WEP keys that change periodically
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings
Checks the source MAC in the header against the sender MAC in the ARP reply
Full duplex

46. When looking at the sh spanning tree output - What does P2P peer(STP) denote?
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)
A point to point port type but the neighboring device runs traditional 802.1D STP
MAC addresses are learned from the source MAC of incoming frames. If the destination address is unknown - the frame is flooded out all except the receiving port.
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset

47. What is the STP blocking state?
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate
Can hear only BDPUs
The port will operate under 802.1D rules. If they are received on the same port - it will run 802.1D until the migration delay expires
Compatible with 802.11b - up to 54Mbps in 12 data rates - 3 channels - 2.4Ghz

48. Does GLBP allow preemption?
Flash override (class 4)
Access
Yes
1 to 64

49. How does RSTP converge?
On by default
SC fiber or RJ-45
If the switch or the powered device doesn't suport power class discovery
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves

50. What is the FM?
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table
Used when ACLs specify port ranges...used by TCAM
Switched Virtual Interface - an L3 address can be assigned to a logical interface that represents an entire VLAN - which becomes the DGW for that VLAN
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1