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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the RSTP port states?
Root - designated - blocking - alternate - forwarding (host)
Discarding - learning - forwarding
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table

2. What is a microcell?
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced
A host port goes up or down
By creating a static IP binding
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack

3. What is a drop adjacency?

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4. where does L2 switching occur?
Between interfaces that are assigned to L2 VLANs or L2 trunks
Automatically by duplex mode in use. Full duplex are point ot point. Half duplex ports use traditional 802.1D convergence is used.
MST attributes must be manually entereed on each switch in the region. They don' t propagate like VTP.
Protects STP when a physical malfunction only allows traffic in 1 direction - even though the link shows as up (cisco proprietary)

5. How does an LAP bind with a WLC?
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number
If a unidirectional link is detected - the switch doesn't try to reestablish the link. ULD msgs are sent once/sec for 8 seconds - then the port is err-disabled

6. What is the VRRP master router?
Frames are forwarded
Port stays up - packets from violating MACs dropped - no logging
5 (0-4 with 4 being the highest)
The active router. All other routers are in backup state

7. What does BDPU filtering do?
Any dhcp reply coming from an untrusted port is discarded and the offending port is put in errdisable
Control functions
The active router. All other routers are in backup state
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports

8. When looking at the sh spanning tree output - What does P2P denote?
A point to point port type
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz
Distribution
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured

9. What is a BSS?
For hosts that doesn't understand routing - the DGW is configured to reply with its own mac
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.
Distribution
On ports where you never expect to find a root bridge for a VLAN

10. What does the static keyword do when applying an arp ACL?
Prevents the dhcp binding DB from being checked.
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP
Globally
Group (0-255) - priority (1-254 254 is highest - 100 default)

11. Whan is a 10GE WAN PHY?
0000.5e00.01xx
Flash (class 3)
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw
Connects with SONET or SDH

12. What does the minimum keyword do in HSRP?
Forces the router to wait for a period of time before attempting overthrow
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root
Switches make an effort to move packets as quickly as possible
Hosts associated with a secondary VLAN can communicate with ports on the primary but not with another secondary VLAN

13. What is a LACP priority?
Local only
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)

14. What are the 3 ways GLBP load-balances?
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
Distribution layer
Sets the switchport mode to access - enables portfast - and turns off channel grouping for the port

15. What is a cell?

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16. How many MST instances can be in a region?
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.
16 - IST gets MSTI 0 - 1-15 are available for use. MSTIs are locally significant to the MST region
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack
0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is six 0 bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group numberr. Yyyy is the virtual forwarder number

17. What does UDLD do?
Protects STP when a physical malfunction only allows traffic in 1 direction - even though the link shows as up (cisco proprietary)
A MAC is seen on a different port
During the time that the FIB entry is in CEF glean waiting for ARP entries - subsequent packet to that host are dropped to keep input queues from filling
Only when a nonedge port transitions to forwarding

18. What does the RP do?
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it
Root - designated - blocking - alternate - forwarding (host)
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group
Disabled - blocking - listening - learning - forwarding

19. How does IPT behave when the voce VLAN is in the default none mode?
Data and voice over native vlan no QOS and no 802.1p trunk
Can hear only BDPUs
A key string of up to 8 characters is sent. Default is cisco.
Reboots and searches for a new WLC

20. What is route caching?

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21. What is a discard adjacency?
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers

22. How does uplinkfast handle changes in topology?
The RP listens to a flow's 1st packet for the dest. The SE listens to the packet and dest and puts a shortcut in the MSL cache. Netflow switching - route once - switch many
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.
When a client roams between Aps in different subnets
No shut

23. What 2 conditions does IP source guard check for?
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry
Configure and enable DHCP snooping
1-enable AAA on switch - 2-define RADIUS servers - 3-define authentication method - 4-enable 802.1x on switch - 5-conf. 802.1x ports - 6-allow hosts

24. What is a QoS trust boundary?
The distribution layer should have only L3 links
The point at which a switch decides to trust incoming Qos. Usually at boundary with ISP
Distribution
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID

25. If one end of an Etherchannel (either type) is set to on and the channel doesn't form - what should you check?

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26. What is the default 10mbps Enet duplex?
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number
Allows devices to interoperate with PVST and CST. Can use both dot1q and ISL
Half-duplex

27. Where does VRRP send advertisements?
Multicasts to 224.0.0.18 (VRRP)
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1
They disguise the origin of an attack
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block

28. What are the characteristics of the access layer?
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS
Yes
802.1D
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge

29. What are the 6 steps to configure 802.1x for port security?
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it
1-enable AAA on switch - 2-define RADIUS servers - 3-define authentication method - 4-enable 802.1x on switch - 5-conf. 802.1x ports - 6-allow hosts
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers
Used when ACLs specify port ranges...used by TCAM

30. What is a community secondary VLAN?
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan
Via an 802.1Q trunk or a single VLAN access port

31. How is an RSTP edge port configured
With portfast
With the skinny protocol
Yes to both
An AP's coverage area

32. How many virtual MACs can GLBP have?
2
Configure non-silent submode
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary
Up to 4 can be used in a group. Called active virtual forwarders (AVF)

33. What is RTP?
The redundant SUP is booted and sup and route engine is init'd. No L2 or L3 functions are started. Allows switchports to retain state
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions
Real-time Transport Protocol
Sends a test tone on the transmit pair. If a device is detected - CDP is used to narrow down the power class.

34. What is the default FE duplex?
Used to switch packets that can't be forwarded normallly due to an encapsulation failure - unresolved address - unsupported protocol - etc.
Full duplex
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate

35. How often are HSRP hellos sent?
A host port goes up or down
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)
Only for trusted Cisco gear - especially phones

36. How does IPT behave when the voice VLAN is in untagged mode?
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk
Lowest cumulative cost to root
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic
A point to point port type

37. What is a bridge ID made up of?
7 switches from root bridge
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies
Bridge priority and MAC
The port is forced to always authorize any connected client with no authentication necessary (default)

38. How are frames forwarded across a specific link?
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker
Hashing algorithm
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)

39. How does DSCP handle IP precedence?
Distribution layer
RADIUS
5 classes with 3 drop precedences
All ports where root isn't expected

40. How is a QoS trust bondary configured?
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.
Control functions
Immediate (class 2)
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies

41. What is the default VTP state?
A MAC is seen on a different port
VTP server for domain null with no password or secure mode
Regions and instances
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server

42. How are VACLs configured?
2 seconds (def)
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p
As a VLAN access map
Create 2 hsrp groups - each with the active router being different switches - then have clients point to each

43. What does the switchport host macro do?
The switch adds its MAC to the option 82 field so that the DHCP reply echoes back the switch's own information
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP

44. Define GLBP
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over specified VLAN - voice QOS is 802.1p
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary
Auto mode

45. What are the steps to configure a LACP port channel?
Checks the source MAC in the header against the sender MAC in the ARP reply
1-(opt) set system priority - 2-select interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-set the mode - 5-(opt) set the port priority
Bridge priority and MAC
MST attributes must be manually entereed on each switch in the region. They don' t propagate like VTP.

46. What does port-security restrict do?
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets
Turn on port security
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge

47. What are the 2 choices for VLANs with IPT?
They must be carried over a voice VLAN (VVID) or over a regular data VLAN (ie. The native VLAN or the PVID)
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO
Access
FE and GE

48. What 2 tunnelling mechanisms do the LAP and WLC use to communicate?
Dynamic arp inspection
Because each frame is checked
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server
LWAPP (Cisco proprietary) and CAP-WAP (standards based)

49. How is root port decided upon?
Lowest cumulative cost to root
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated

50. What are the 5 STP port roles?
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan
Root - designated - blocking - alternate - forwarding (host)
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action
Roughly 2000