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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Where is UDLD enabled?
When a specific interface is tracked - HSRP reduces it's priority after a specified interval.
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)
1- enable MST - 2-enter MST config mode - 3-assign region name and region configuration rev - 4-map vlans to an MSTI - 5-show pending changes - 6- commit by exiting
All user ports that have portfast enabled

2. What is an autonomous mode AP?
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.
Reboots and searches for a new WLC
Trusted or untrusted
FE - GE - and aggregated FE/GE Etherchannels

3. How does packet forwarding work
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw
For hosts that doesn't understand routing - the DGW is configured to reply with its own mac
The distribution layer should have only L3 links
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen

4. What cabling do GBICs use?
Collision domain
SC fiber or RJ-45
Distribution layer
Connects with SONET or SDH

5. What does the SP do?
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
SC fiber or RJ-45
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP

6. Where is bdpu guard enabled?
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz
By using a trunk link
All user ports that have portfast enabled

7. What functions does a WLC perform?
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains
Connects to a router - firewall - or gateway. Can communicate with anything else connected to the primary or any secondary. Ignores pvlan config
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw
Control functions

8. What is the size of a TCAM value?
2 - one for control messages and one for data
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
134 bits - consisting of source and destination addresses and protocol information from the packet or frame

9. How are frames forwarded across a specific link?
12 kbps with headers and compression
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
Hashing algorithm

10. Which fiber is the receive?
2
On the left as you face the connector
On all switches in network to enable RLQ request and reply
The port is forced to always authorize any connected client with no authentication necessary (default)

11. How often are CAM table entries aged?
Yes to both
Automatically using DTP and CDP
300 sec
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance

12. CAM table entries are purged when....
A MAC is seen on a different port
The total delay from start to finish
Promiscuous and host
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)

13. Where shoul dmultilayer switches be implemented?
With the skinny protocol
Distribution layer
Needs hardware upgrade over WEP - uses AES encryption
A TCN BDPU is sent out of the switch's root port. The switch will continue sending TCN's every hello interval until ack'd by upstream neighbor. The root bridge will send a Config BDPU to all switches

14. What are the steps to configuring HSRP MD5 authentication?
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches
1-name the chain - 2-establish a key number - 3-create the key string - 4-apply the chain to the string
Normal and aggressive
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD

15. What is the VRRP skew time?
It's a router that maintains routes (static or dynamic) - and populates the FIB
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number
Hold time is 3xhello. A skew time of 256ms-routerpriority)/256ms is added
Differentiated services code point

16. What is DSCP?
Show standby
0-255
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen
Differentiated services code point

17. What do you need to determine to use MSTP?
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry
For hosts that doesn't understand routing - the DGW is configured to reply with its own mac
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)

18. How does DSCP handle IP precedence?
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID
5 classes with 3 drop precedences

19. What if RSTP BDPUs aren't received?
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port
Distribution layer
Only a single host connects . If one BDPU is received - it is no longer an edge port

20. If a port is configured for errdisable auto recovery - how long does it stay down?
During the time that the FIB entry is in CEF glean waiting for ARP entries - subsequent packet to that host are dropped to keep input queues from filling
0000.5e00.01xx
300 sec by default
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00

21. How do you find duplex mismatches?
Checks the source MAC in the header against the sender MAC in the ARP reply
Aggregation - high L3 throughput - security and policy based connectivity functions through access lists and packet filters - QoS - scalable high-speed links
Port stays up - packets from violating MACs dropped - no logging
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10

22. How does a LAP and a WLC authenticate between each other?
Sets the switchport mode to access - enables portfast - and turns off channel grouping for the port
The total delay from start to finish
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up
Using digital certificates

23. How does uplinkfast handle changes in topology?
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.
When a specific interface is tracked - HSRP reduces it's priority after a specified interval.
Every hello interval regardless of whether BDPUs are received from root - allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology

24. How far chould a VLAN extend?
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action
Per-port or globally for all fiber-optic ports. Can be enabled globally - but will only affect fiber ports
Distribution layer

25. What are the steps of RSTP convergence?
Full duplex
Reboots and searches for a new WLC
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state

26. How do you renable an err-disable port by default?
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group
Manually
The L3 forwarding engine can't forward the packet in hardware because there is no L2 next-hop address - so the packet is sent to the L3 engine to generate the ARP response

27. What does the switchport host macro do?
Weak key rotation
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec
Sets the switchport mode to access - enables portfast - and turns off channel grouping for the port
The total delay from start to finish

28. What is the FM?
Port is forced to never authorize any connected client
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table
Distribution
Single instance of STP for all VLANs. BDPUs are sent over trunks using the native VLAN with untagged frames. Dot1q based

29. What ILP mode are all ports in by default?
4
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
TCAM
Auto mode

30. What does the dst-mac option do when checking ARP replies
That they aren't using the same frequencies.
Auto mode
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
Checks the destination MAC in the header against the target MAC in the ARP reply

31. if the switchport is part of an etherchannel - Where is the network assigned
Very high L3 throughput - no access lists or port filtering - redundancy and resilience - advanced QoS
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)
To the virtual port-channel interface
The total delay from start to finish

32. What are the two etherchannel negotiation protocols?
0-255
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q
Globally or per-port

33. How is the HSRP MAC address configured?
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value
16 - IST gets MSTI 0 - 1-15 are available for use. MSTIs are locally significant to the MST region
No
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table

34. What does Loop Guard do?
Tracks of BDPUs on nondesignated ports. When those BDPUs stop coming - the port is put into loop-inconsistent state and blocks
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves
Weak key rotation
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured

35. What types of ports autonegotiate?
FE and GE
Should be used on access switches - can't be used on root - keeps enabled switch from becoming root by raising priority of switch and all ports - making them undesirable
Option 43
Root

36. What is a wireless mobility group?
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router
For hosts that doesn't understand routing - the DGW is configured to reply with its own mac
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port

37. How does the CEF L3 engine operate?

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38. Where does layer switching occur?
Between any type of interface as long as the interface can have an L3 address assigned
When a client roams between Aps in different subnets
Used to switch packets destined for the null interface
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions

39. How many 802.3af power classes are there?
5 (0-4 with 4 being the highest)
Port with redundant - but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate
Checks the source MAC in the header against the sender MAC in the ARP reply
On all switches in network to enable RLQ request and reply

40. What is the traditional MLS view of switching?
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table
Route once - switch many

41. What is the STP hello timer?
RADIUS
Compatible with 802.11b - up to 54Mbps in 12 data rates - 3 channels - 2.4Ghz
Prevents the dhcp binding DB from being checked.
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds

42. RSTP learning state
Incoming frames dropped - but MACs learned
1/2 and 3/6
Option 43
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM

43. What are the steps to configure a LACP port channel?
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
Only on ports that have same static VLANs or trunking. It also modifies parameters of the channel if one of the ports is modified
An AP's coverage area
1-(opt) set system priority - 2-select interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-set the mode - 5-(opt) set the port priority

44. How does an L2 switch do QOS?
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk
Automatically negotiates a common trunk mode between switches
1 -2 -5.5 and 11 Mbps - Channels 1/6/11 - 2.4Ghz
Flash (class 3)

45. What are the 6 HSRP states?
Reboots and searches for a new WLC
By using a hash of a key string
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active
Automatically by duplex mode in use. Full duplex are point ot point. Half duplex ports use traditional 802.1D convergence is used.

46. What does the standby HSRP router do?
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)
A key string of up to 8 characters is sent. Default is cisco.
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router
Any dhcp reply coming from an untrusted port is discarded and the offending port is put in errdisable

47. What must be in common for a BSS to form?
When a port moves into forwarding or from fowarding or learning to blocking.
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials
Auto mode
With the skinny protocol

48. What is a root link query (RLQ)?
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge
Between interfaces that are assigned to L2 VLANs or L2 trunks

49. Define GLBP
1-(opt) configure load balancing - 2-select the interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-select the mode and submode
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary
Very high L3 throughput - no access lists or port filtering - redundancy and resilience - advanced QoS
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec

50. What is a cell?

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