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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the default VTP state?
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic
Using a mobility exchange message
134 bits
VTP server for domain null with no password or secure mode

2. What is a proxy arp?

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3. How does ISL handle COS?
Port with best root path cost on segment
5 (0-4 with 4 being the highest)
Src-ip - dst-ip - src-dst-ip - src-mac - dst-mac - src-dst-mac - src-port - dst-port - src-dst-port
The frame tag contains a 3 but portion tagged from 0 (low) to 7 (high)

4. Where is bdpu guard enabled?
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge
A host port goes up or down
Tracks of BDPUs on nondesignated ports. When those BDPUs stop coming - the port is put into loop-inconsistent state and blocks
All user ports that have portfast enabled

5. RSTP edge port
Dynamic arp inspection
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD
Only a single host connects . If one BDPU is received - it is no longer an edge port
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal

6. What is the PVLAN host mode?
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan
Any dhcp reply coming from an untrusted port is discarded and the offending port is put in errdisable
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports
Use the spanning-tree root macro

7. What are the 3 ways GLBP load-balances?
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
Controls where candidate root bridges can be connected and found on a network
1500B
Distribution layer

8. How often are BDPUs sent?
2 seconds (def)
The configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay
Change in trunk encap
Trunk

9. How does ILP do power discovery?
Sends a test tone on the transmit pair. If a device is detected - CDP is used to narrow down the power class.
The campus network's backbone
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal

10. if the switchport is part of an etherchannel - Where is the network assigned
To the virtual port-channel interface
The total delay from start to finish
Yes
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number

11. What does UDLD do?
Checks the destination MAC in the header against the target MAC in the ARP reply
Between any type of interface as long as the interface can have an L3 address assigned
Protects STP when a physical malfunction only allows traffic in 1 direction - even though the link shows as up (cisco proprietary)
2 seconds (def)

12. What are the 3 redundant supervisor modes?
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD
Isolated and community
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO
Connects with SONET or SDH

13. What is a baby giant frame?
Normal and aggressive
The port is forced to always authorize any connected client with no authentication necessary (default)
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers
Makes use of the DHCP snooping database and static ip source binding entries. If enabled - switch will test addresses

14. What routing protocols support NSF?
Using digital certificates
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses

15. Where is loop guard enabled?
Discarding - learning - forwarding
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports

16. What are the 4 steps to extend QoS trust?
The TOS field in the header is used. 2 methods 3 bits or 6 bits
19
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary
The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance

17. What are the characteristics of the core layer
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies
Very high L3 throughput - no access lists or port filtering - redundancy and resilience - advanced QoS
TCAM
Each frame transmits its expected duration time

18. How do you prevent VLAN hopping?
Set the native VLAN of a trunk to a bogus or unused VLAN ID then prune the native VLAN off both ends of the trunk
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack
Yes
Isolated and community

19. What is 802.1x auto?
Dynamic arp inspection
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet
The port uses 802.1x exchange to move from unauthorized to authorized. Requires app on client
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack

20. How does IPT behave when the voce VLAN is in the default none mode?
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers
Plain text or md5
Data and voice over native vlan no QOS and no 802.1p trunk
Yes

21. By default - what submode does PAgP operate in with the desirable and auto modes?
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.
Group (0-255) - priority (1-254 254 is highest - 100 default)
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric
Silent

22. How do you enable CEF?
They should be an unconditional Etherchannel because the WLC can't negotiate a channel.
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value
It is enabled by default on all CEF capable switches

23. What does the dst-mac option do when checking ARP replies
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface
Checks the destination MAC in the header against the target MAC in the ARP reply
Port with best root path cost on segment
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better

24. How can you load-balance with HSRP?
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings
Show standby
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS
Create 2 hsrp groups - each with the active router being different switches - then have clients point to each

25. What is the default 10mbps Enet duplex?
SC fiber or RJ-45
All ports where root isn't expected
Half-duplex
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies

26. What is the STP listening state?
If a unidirectional link is detected - the switch doesn't try to reestablish the link. ULD msgs are sent once/sec for 8 seconds - then the port is err-disabled
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it
Each frame transmits its expected duration time
Can send and receive BDPUs

27. can root guard and loop guard be used together
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds
No
Root
Only on ports that have same static VLANs or trunking. It also modifies parameters of the channel if one of the ports is modified

28. What is unique about HSRP group numbers?
The total delay from start to finish
Yes
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another
All user ports that have portfast enabled

29. How do you disable DTP when you configure both ends of the ISL manually?
Port is forced to never authorize any connected client
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
Stateful switchover - redundant sup is fully booted and init'd. Both start and run config are synched as is L2 information - and switchinterfaces.

30. How is a QoS trust bondary configured?
Configuration and TCN
They should be an unconditional Etherchannel because the WLC can't negotiate a channel.
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies
12 kbps with headers and compression

31. What are the 3 trunk switchport modes?
134 bits
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs
Embeds the tag within the frame

32. What is RPR?
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions
Flash (class 3)
Packets must be sent to the L3 engine for further processing
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz

33. How does IPT behave when the voice VLAN is in untagged mode?
Controls where candidate root bridges can be connected and found on a network
1/2 and 3/6
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk
Checks the source MAC in the header against the sender MAC in the ARP reply

34. How far chould a VLAN extend?
The port will operate under 802.1D rules. If they are received on the same port - it will run 802.1D until the migration delay expires
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
Distribution layer

35. How much BW does a voip connection use?
12 kbps with headers and compression
10-15%
On all switches in network to enable RLQ request and reply
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS

36. What is the LACP priority range?
Limits the number if dhcp requests on a port
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability
Usually QoS from VOIP but not PC dataa

37. What is dynamic auto?
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic
Distribution layer
Will trunk if asked

38. What is the traditional MLS view of switching?
Route once - switch many
An AP's coverage area
Each frame transmits its expected duration time
Distribution layer

39. Which 4 things must be agreeable to trunk?
1- trunking mode - 2-trunk encapsulation - 3-native VLAN - 4-allowed VLAN
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p
As a VLAN access map
Switched Virtual Interface - an L3 address can be assigned to a logical interface that represents an entire VLAN - which becomes the DGW for that VLAN

40. can root guard and udld be used together?
Yes
Allows devices to interoperate with PVST and CST. Can use both dot1q and ISL
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)
Use the spanning-tree root macro

41. What does the switchport host macro do?
Trusted ports
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
The port is forced to always authorize any connected client with no authentication necessary (default)
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP

42. How does UDLD work?
0000.5e00.01xx
Switches make an effort to move packets as quickly as possible
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD
Dynamic WEP keys that change periodically

43. What is DCF?
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions
For hosts that doesn't understand routing - the DGW is configured to reply with its own mac
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec

44. Where is UDLD enabled?
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM
Interim solution - uses same hardware as WEP - but uses TKIP encryption
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)

45. What are the three basic types of QOS?
Either desirable or auto mode
134 bits
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge
Best effort delivery - integrated services model - and differentiated services model

46. When looking at the sh spanning tree output - What does P2P denote?
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry
Interim solution - uses same hardware as WEP - but uses TKIP encryption
A point to point port type
1/2 and 3/6

47. what I s distributed CEF (dCEF)?
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.

48. Which fiber is the receive?
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec
On the left as you face the connector
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group
Makes use of the DHCP snooping database and static ip source binding entries. If enabled - switch will test addresses

49. What is the size of a TCAM value?
134 bits - consisting of source and destination addresses and protocol information from the packet or frame
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root
Checks the source MAC in the header against the sender MAC in the ARP reply
On the left as you face the connector

50. What is a drop adjacency?

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