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CCNP Switch Deck

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. Where should you change the network diameter value?
LACP port priority
Cisco recommends only on the root bridge
It can't
A key string of up to 8 characters is sent. Default is cisco.

2. How often are BDPUs sent?
Sends a voltage across the receive pairs to detect a 25k ohm resistance
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance
Roughly 2000
2 seconds (def)

3. How does RSTP converge?
FE and GE
Weak key rotation
The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves

4. How does an L2 switch do QOS?
Only for trusted Cisco gear - especially phones
If the switch or the powered device doesn't suport power class discovery
SC fiber or RJ-45
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk

5. What is the default mode of load balancing?
1- enable MST - 2-enter MST config mode - 3-assign region name and region configuration rev - 4-map vlans to an MSTI - 5-show pending changes - 6- commit by exiting
1-name the chain - 2-establish a key number - 3-create the key string - 4-apply the chain to the string
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD
Src-dst-ip

6. What is a CEF punt?

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7. How do you configure a DHCP gateway?
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server
Switches make an effort to move packets as quickly as possible
Port is forced to never authorize any connected client
Checks the destination MAC in the header against the target MAC in the ARP reply

8. What is layer 2 roaming?
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance

9. What does the skinny protocol do?
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic

10. What is an insignificant topology change?
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)
Trusted or untrusted
A host port goes up or down
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.

11. the static port to vlan membership is handled in _____
0000.5e00.01xx
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number
The ASIC
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)

12. WPA2 encryption
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
0-255 (lower is better)
Port is forced to never authorize any connected client
Needs hardware upgrade over WEP - uses AES encryption

13. How does every GLBP command begin
Configuration and TCN
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number
0-255 (lower is better)

14. What is common spanning tree (CST)?
12 kbps with headers and compression
The ASIC
Single instance of STP for all VLANs. BDPUs are sent over trunks using the native VLAN with untagged frames. Dot1q based
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan

15. By default - what layer do catalyst switchports operate on?
By configuring every switch port to have an expected and controlled behavior
VTP server for domain null with no password or secure mode
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions
L2

16. What is the access layer best practice?
Variation in delay
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.
The configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay
A host port goes up or down

17. 802.11a
Port with redundant - but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate
Access
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD

18. What are the RSTP port roles?
Cisco ILP and 802.3af
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
With portfast
Allows devices to interoperate with PVST and CST. Can use both dot1q and ISL

19. How does DAI work?
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
Option 43
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server

20. When a host is connected to a switchport - why aren't frame errors propagated?
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.
Because each frame is checked
Checks the sender's ip in all arp requests and checks the sender's IP against target IP in all replies
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions

21. In a converged fabric - which switch(es) send config BDPUs?
SC fiber or RJ-45
Root
With the skinny protocol
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.

22. What is portfast?
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers
Almost eliminates listening and learning states for single hosts on an access link

23. What is topology-basec caching?
Priority (class 1)
Only for trusted Cisco gear - especially phones
Hosts associated with a secondary VLAN can communicate with ports on the primary but not with another secondary VLAN
The topology is pre-populated by downloading the topology DB into the FIB and dynamically updated. Called Cisco Express Forwarding

24. What 2 conditions does IP source guard check for?
By using a hash of a key string
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number

25. What are the 3 trunk switchport modes?
The switch adds its MAC to the option 82 field so that the DHCP reply echoes back the switch's own information
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.
Flash override (class 4)
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)

26. What are the 2 power over ethernet methods?
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated
Each physical interface has a different IP address. All physical interfaces point to a virtual interface called the standby address or VIP
Distribution layer
Cisco ILP and 802.3af

27. What is the STP hello timer?
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state
Local only
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
Globally

28. RSTP learning state
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate
Needs hardware upgrade over WEP - uses AES encryption
Configure and enable DHCP snooping
Incoming frames dropped - but MACs learned

29. How does RSTP identify a topology change?
Route once - switch many
Only when a nonedge port transitions to forwarding
By sending a gratuitous ARP
Nonstop forwarding is an interactive method focusing on rebuilding the RIB after SUP switchover

30. What are the steps to configure a LACP port channel?
1-(opt) set system priority - 2-select interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-set the mode - 5-(opt) set the port priority
2
4
Automatically negotiates a common trunk mode between switches

31. How are frames forwarded across a specific link?
Hashing algorithm
Weak key rotation
Disabled - blocking - listening - learning - forwarding
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root

32. What is RTP?
Src-dst-ip
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies
Real-time Transport Protocol
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance

33. static vlans offer ____ based membership
The switch checks the MAC and IP reported in the reply against trusted values. If they don't match - it is dropped and logged
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers
Port
A point to point port type

34. What is an SVI?
Switched Virtual Interface - an L3 address can be assigned to a logical interface that represents an entire VLAN - which becomes the DGW for that VLAN
300 sec
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz

35. How can you load-balance with HSRP?
All ports where root isn't expected
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over specified VLAN - voice QOS is 802.1p
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)
Create 2 hsrp groups - each with the active router being different switches - then have clients point to each

36. EAP encryption
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.
Dynamic WEP keys that change periodically
By creating a static IP binding
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz

37. What is a root link query (RLQ)?
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge
Almost eliminates listening and learning states for single hosts on an access link
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs
They disguise the origin of an attack

38. What address does HSRP send hello packets to?
Each frame transmits its expected duration time
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches
L2
224.0.0.2 (all routers)

39. What is the default 802.3af power class and its use?

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40. What duplex setting does 802.11 use and why?
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
Gets assistance from other NSF-aware neighbors. NSF features need to be built into the routing protocols on router needing and providing assistance
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw
Half because transmitting and receiving stations use the same frequency

41. What is the default VTP state?
Stateful switchover - redundant sup is fully booted and init'd. Both start and run config are synched as is L2 information - and switchinterfaces.
VTP server for domain null with no password or secure mode
The port will operate under 802.1D rules. If they are received on the same port - it will run 802.1D until the migration delay expires
7 switches from root bridge

42. What is an MST instance?
The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance
1-(opt) configure load balancing - 2-select the interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-select the mode and submode
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)

43. How often are VRRP advertisements sent?
Globally
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
Discarding - learning - forwarding
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports

44. What is Per VLAN STP (PVST)?
Distribution layer
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.

45. What is a wireless mobility group?
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS
Packets must be sent to the L3 engine for further processing
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group

46. What method of QOS does voice traffic use most frequently?
Configuration and TCN
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active
0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is six 0 bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group numberr. Yyyy is the virtual forwarder number
Differentiated services

47. Where does layer switching occur?
RADIUS
Between any type of interface as long as the interface can have an L3 address assigned
Differentiated services code point
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz

48. What is a CEF glean?

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49. What is unique about HSRP group numbers?
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)
RADIUS
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another
Usually QoS from VOIP but not PC dataa

50. RSTP alternate port
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number
Allows devices to interoperate with PVST and CST. Can use both dot1q and ISL
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)

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CCNP Switch Deck

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