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CCNP Switch Deck

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. What is a CEF punt?

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2. What is DAI?
Between any type of interface as long as the interface can have an L3 address assigned
FIB
Dynamic arp inspection
2 seconds (def)

3. RSTP discarding state
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow
Promiscuous and host
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)

4. What are the restrictions for bundling into an Etherchannel?
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings
Flash (class 3)
Port with best root path cost on segment
Hold time is 3xhello. A skew time of 256ms-routerpriority)/256ms is added

5. What is DSCP codepoint AF11(10)?
Either desirable or auto mode
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better
Priority (class 1)
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.

6. What types of link can an etherchannel be?
The same as a standby group in HSRP
With the skinny protocol
A single broadcast domain
Access or trunk

7. How are errdisable triggers tuned?
1500B
Silent
Globally
Admin down

8. What are TCAM entries composed of?
The RP listens to a flow's 1st packet for the dest. The SE listens to the packet and dest and puts a shortcut in the MSL cache. Netflow switching - route once - switch many
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets
Untrusted
Value - mask - and result (VMR) combinations

9. What is the distribution layer best practice?
Real-time Transport Protocol
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance
As a VLAN access map
The distribution layer should have only L3 links

10. How does a DHCP server send WLC addresses?
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack
Priority (class 1)
Option 43
Causes switch to actively determine whether alternative paths exist to root bridge in case ther eis an indirect failure

11. What is DCF?
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions
Group (0-255) - priority (1-254 254 is highest - 100 default)
Roughly 50%
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP

12. What are the 2 choices for VLANs with IPT?
By creating a static IP binding
RADIUS
They must be carried over a voice VLAN (VVID) or over a regular data VLAN (ie. The native VLAN or the PVID)
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config

13. What is a microcell?
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state
Prevents the dhcp binding DB from being checked.
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO

14. How are frames forwarded across a specific link?
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary
Hashing algorithm
By configuring every switch port to have an expected and controlled behavior
Show standby

15. Define VRRP
Used when ACLs specify port ranges...used by TCAM
Access or trunk
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP

16. How do you configure IP source guard for hosts that don't use DHCP?
By creating a static IP binding
Sends a voltage across the receive pairs to detect a 25k ohm resistance
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO
The active router. All other routers are in backup state

17. What is dynamic auto?
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up
Hosts associated with a secondary VLAN can communicate with ports on the primary but not with another secondary VLAN
Will trunk if asked
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number

18. How does a Cisco IP phone connect upstream?
Compatible with 802.11b - up to 54Mbps in 12 data rates - 3 channels - 2.4Ghz
1-LAP gets a DHCP address - 2-LAP learns IP of available WLC - 3-LAP sends a join request to WLC and receives join reply - 4-WLC sends code image - if necessary - 5-Tunnels are created
Via an 802.1Q trunk or a single VLAN access port
Bridge priority and MAC

19. What pins does FE use?
Show standby
1/2 and 3/6
Best effort delivery - integrated services model - and differentiated services model
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains

20. What is the GLBP AVG?
By using a trunk link
Both layer 2 switching and IVR
One router is the active virtual gateway - has highest priority or IP in group - answers all ARP requests and gives MAC based on load balancing
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.

21. How many potential links can LACP define?
Untrusted
MAC of the end device
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby

22. How do VRRP routers handle preemption?
No
On by default
Discarding - learning - forwarding
Trusted or untrusted

23. where does L2 switching occur?
Globally
Isolated and community
Causes switch to actively determine whether alternative paths exist to root bridge in case ther eis an indirect failure
Between interfaces that are assigned to L2 VLANs or L2 trunks

24. What is a root link query (RLQ)?
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS
A point to point port type but the neighboring device runs traditional 802.1D STP
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge

25. What does BDPU filtering do?
1-lowest root bridge ID - 2-lowest root path cost - 3-lowest bridgeID - 4-lowest port ID
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports
The port asks the other end to trunk
The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance

26. How can you tell if a switch block is too large?
1-enable AAA on switch - 2-define RADIUS servers - 3-define authentication method - 4-enable 802.1x on switch - 5-conf. 802.1x ports - 6-allow hosts
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it
Only a single host connects . If one BDPU is received - it is no longer an edge port
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block

27. What is the STP blocking state?
Can hear only BDPUs
Trusted or untrusted
Because each frame is checked
By using a trunk link

28. What is the cost of a 1Gbps link?
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
Stateful switchover - redundant sup is fully booted and init'd. Both start and run config are synched as is L2 information - and switchinterfaces.
4
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network

29. How is DHCP snooping enabled (scope)?
It's a router that maintains routes (static or dynamic) - and populates the FIB
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs
An AP's coverage area
Globally

30. What is the default mode of load balancing?
Access
Trunk
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack
Src-dst-ip

31. How does NSF work?
Both layer 2 switching and IVR
Gets assistance from other NSF-aware neighbors. NSF features need to be built into the routing protocols on router needing and providing assistance
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10
16 - IST gets MSTI 0 - 1-15 are available for use. MSTIs are locally significant to the MST region

32. How does a LAP and a WLC authenticate between each other?
Using digital certificates
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root
Manually
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic

33. What cabling do GBICs use?
The TOS field in the header is used. 2 methods 3 bits or 6 bits
RADIUS
Roughly 50%
SC fiber or RJ-45

34. How do you show HSRP status
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO
TCAM
0-255
Show standby

35. How do you renable an err-disable port by default?
Manually
Best effort delivery - integrated services model - and differentiated services model
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)

36. What are the characteristics of the core layer
Plain text or md5
Needs hardware upgrade over WEP - uses AES encryption
Very high L3 throughput - no access lists or port filtering - redundancy and resilience - advanced QoS
Real-time functions such as beacons and probes - encryption and interactions with the client at L2

37. How do you configure DAI for statically configured IP addresses?
134 bits
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings
Up to 4 can be used in a group. Called active virtual forwarders (AVF)

38. What is RPR+?

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39. How should UDLD be configured?
On all switches in network to enable RLQ request and reply
1-name the chain - 2-establish a key number - 3-create the key string - 4-apply the chain to the string
Access
The configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay

40. What is the SDM?
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)

41. What is the VRRP skew time?
Hold time is 3xhello. A skew time of 256ms-routerpriority)/256ms is added
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10
Both ends should be on because on modes doesn't send PAgP or LACP packets
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1

42. How does 802.3af do power discovery?
Sends a voltage across the receive pairs to detect a 25k ohm resistance
Makes use of the DHCP snooping database and static ip source binding entries. If enabled - switch will test addresses
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers
MST attributes must be manually entereed on each switch in the region. They don' t propagate like VTP.

43. How does HSRP plain text authentication work?
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker
Multicasts to 224.0.0.18 (VRRP)
A key string of up to 8 characters is sent. Default is cisco.
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers

44. What does the RP do?
Yes
Forces the router to wait for a period of time before attempting overthrow
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it
No because they only participate if asked

45. What is a LACP priority?
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)
Access or trunk
That they aren't using the same frequencies.
0-255

46. How does every HSRP config command begin?
Priority (class 1)
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
4
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number

47. What is the STP hello timer?
Cisco ILP and 802.3af
L2
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers

48. Can two switches in the auto(PAgP) or passive (LACP) mode create a channel? Why?
No because they only participate if asked
Cisco ILP and 802.3af
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
The active router. All other routers are in backup state

49. WPA encryption
Port with best root path cost on segment
Interim solution - uses same hardware as WEP - but uses TKIP encryption
Using a mobility exchange message
VTP server for domain null with no password or secure mode

50. if the switchport is part of an etherchannel - Where is the network assigned
Yes
Priority (class 1)
To the virtual port-channel interface
0-255

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CCNP Switch Deck

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