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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Whan is a 10GE WAN PHY?
The master router can share the VIP
The distribution layer should have only L3 links
Connects with SONET or SDH
They disguise the origin of an attack

2. What scope is 802.1x enabled?
Globally
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.
Local only

3. What are the 4 steps in DHCP negotiation?
Trusted ports
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz
By using a hash of a key string

4. How does every VRRP command begin?
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby
Switched Virtual Interface - an L3 address can be assigned to a logical interface that represents an entire VLAN - which becomes the DGW for that VLAN
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack

5. How do you renable an err-disable port by default?
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port
Switches make an effort to move packets as quickly as possible
If a unidirectional link is detected - the switch doesn't try to reestablish the link. ULD msgs are sent once/sec for 8 seconds - then the port is err-disabled
Manually

6. How does IPT behave when the voice VLAN is in dot1p mode?
12 kbps with headers and compression
They should be an unconditional Etherchannel because the WLC can't negotiate a channel.
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p
Edge - root - and point to point

7. What does the ip option do when checking ARP replies

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8. What happens when switches receive a configuration BDPU?
Half-duplex
1 IP subnet
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)
300 sec

9. What does the reload keyword do in HSRP?
1 per segment
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary

10. What is the STP forwarding state?
Roughly 2000
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs
12 kbps with headers and compression

11. What is the traditional MLS view of switching?
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number
Distribution
Route once - switch many
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal

12. How does NSF work?
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
Root
Gets assistance from other NSF-aware neighbors. NSF features need to be built into the routing protocols on router needing and providing assistance
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen

13. What does the src-mac option do when checking ARP replies
Checks the source MAC in the header against the sender MAC in the ARP reply
Prevents the dhcp binding DB from being checked.
A point to point port type but the neighboring device runs traditional 802.1D STP
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.

14. How is an instance defined?
Allows devices to interoperate with PVST and CST. Can use both dot1q and ISL
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config
Used to switch packets destined for the null interface

15. What is the GLBP redirect timer?
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies
Collision domain

16. If there are 2 ports with same root cost - how is the tie broken for designated port?
4
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN
Isolated and community
1-lowest root bridge ID - 2-lowest root path cost - 3-lowest bridgeID - 4-lowest port ID

17. Define HSRP
Checks the sender's ip in all arp requests and checks the sender's IP against target IP in all replies
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen
Connects with SONET or SDH
Will trunk if asked

18. How many users should be within a switch block?
Route once - switch many
Roughly 2000
Both layer 2 switching and IVR
The port uses 802.1x exchange to move from unauthorized to authorized. Requires app on client

19. How does RSTP converge?
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings
1- enable MST - 2-enter MST config mode - 3-assign region name and region configuration rev - 4-map vlans to an MSTI - 5-show pending changes - 6- commit by exiting
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves

20. One vlan should =
1- inferior BDPU on blocked-considered alternative - 2-inferior on root-all blocked ports considered alternate - 3-if inferior arrives on root and no blocked ports - assumes loss of connectivity to root
Flash override (class 4)
Switched Virtual Interface - an L3 address can be assigned to a logical interface that represents an entire VLAN - which becomes the DGW for that VLAN
1 IP subnet

21. What does the RP do?
Create 2 hsrp groups - each with the active router being different switches - then have clients point to each
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it
The RP listens to a flow's 1st packet for the dest. The SE listens to the packet and dest and puts a shortcut in the MSL cache. Netflow switching - route once - switch many
Used when ACLs specify port ranges...used by TCAM

22. What is the standard for WLANs?
802.11
A TCN BDPU is sent out of the switch's root port. The switch will continue sending TCN's every hello interval until ack'd by upstream neighbor. The root bridge will send a Config BDPU to all switches
The point at which a switch decides to trust incoming Qos. Usually at boundary with ISP
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)

23. What is the size of ISL encapsulation?
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)
Gets assistance from other NSF-aware neighbors. NSF features need to be built into the routing protocols on router needing and providing assistance
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)

24. What functions does a LAP perform?
On by default
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate
Real-time functions such as beacons and probes - encryption and interactions with the client at L2

25. How does GLBP work?
Src-ip - dst-ip - src-dst-ip - src-mac - dst-mac - src-dst-mac - src-port - dst-port - src-dst-port
Yes
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance
Needs hardware upgrade over WEP - uses AES encryption

26. How do you show HSRP status
Automatically by duplex mode in use. Full duplex are point ot point. Half duplex ports use traditional 802.1D convergence is used.
Roughly 50%
Option 43
Show standby

27. What is unique about HSRP group numbers?
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group
For hosts that doesn't understand routing - the DGW is configured to reply with its own mac
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz

28. What are the 5 steps to manualy configure STP?
Single instance of STP for all VLANs. BDPUs are sent over trunks using the native VLAN with untagged frames. Dot1q based
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
1-ID link path costs - 2-ID roodt bridge - 3-select root port (1/switch) - 4-select designated port (1/segment) - 5-ID blocking port
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP

29. What are the VRRP group and priority numbers?
Group (0-255) - priority (1-254 254 is highest - 100 default)
Create 2 hsrp groups - each with the active router being different switches - then have clients point to each
1- trunking mode - 2-trunk encapsulation - 3-native VLAN - 4-allowed VLAN
1-(opt) configure load balancing - 2-select the interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-select the mode and submode

30. What data does DHCP snooping track?
Automatically by duplex mode in use. Full duplex are point ot point. Half duplex ports use traditional 802.1D convergence is used.
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)
1-lowest root bridge ID - 2-lowest root path cost - 3-lowest bridgeID - 4-lowest port ID

31. What can cause a wireless client to switch between Aps?
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal
0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is six 0 bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group numberr. Yyyy is the virtual forwarder number
Forces the router to wait for a period of time before attempting overthrow
If the switch or the powered device doesn't suport power class discovery

32. What is the default mode of load balancing?
Yes
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface
Src-dst-ip
No

33. How much overlap should a wireless repeater have?
Roughly 50%
Yes to both
Src-ip - dst-ip - src-dst-ip - src-mac - dst-mac - src-dst-mac - src-port - dst-port - src-dst-port
2

34. At what layer should the WLC be connected?
Distribution
Yes to both
Configure and enable DHCP snooping
The active router. All other routers are in backup state

35. What is DSCP codepoint AF41(34)?
Flash override (class 4)
Hosts associated with a secondary VLAN can communicate with ports on the primary but not with another secondary VLAN
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)
It updates the L2 headers with the proper src and dst MAC - L3 TTL - L3 checksum - and L2 checksum information

36. How does VRRP do tracking?

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37. How should the switch port to which a LAP be configured?
Access
By using a trunk link
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate
Aggregation - high L3 throughput - security and policy based connectivity functions through access lists and packet filters - QoS - scalable high-speed links

38. Automatically configure STP timers
Use the spanning-tree root macro
A MAC is seen on a different port
802.11
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance

39. How is root port decided upon?
Lowest cumulative cost to root
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk

40. What does the standby HSRP router do?
They must be carried over a voice VLAN (VVID) or over a regular data VLAN (ie. The native VLAN or the PVID)
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM
If a unidirectional link is detected - the port continues normally - but the port is marked as undetermined and a syslog is generated
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router

41. What is differentiated services model QOS?
By using a trunk link
Both layer 2 switching and IVR
Each network device handles packets individually with no advance reservations
1-(opt) set system priority - 2-select interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-set the mode - 5-(opt) set the port priority

42. What is the duration time in a wireless frame?
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.
Each frame transmits its expected duration time
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number

43. How many potential links can LACP define?
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
The master router can share the VIP
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby

44. What is the FM?
No
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table
0-255
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries

45. What are the 5 STP states?
Disabled - blocking - listening - learning - forwarding
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry
Control functions
L2

46. How does a DAI enabled switch gather trusted ARP info?
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number
Stateful switchover - redundant sup is fully booted and init'd. Both start and run config are synched as is L2 information - and switchinterfaces.
Immediate (class 2)

47. What are the 4 steps to extend QoS trust?
FIB
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker
Every hello interval regardless of whether BDPUs are received from root - allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary

48. What does port-security restrict do?
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced

49. How does IPT behave when the voice VLAN is in untagged mode?
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk
2
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal

50. What does MSTP consist of?
On ports where you never expect to find a root bridge for a VLAN
Prevents the dhcp binding DB from being checked.
Regions and instances
Any dhcp reply coming from an untrusted port is discarded and the offending port is put in errdisable