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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is an MST instance?
The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance
1-enable AAA on switch - 2-define RADIUS servers - 3-define authentication method - 4-enable 802.1x on switch - 5-conf. 802.1x ports - 6-allow hosts
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
Connects with SONET or SDH

2. What is latency?
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric
The total delay from start to finish
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
Yes to both

3. How often are HSRP hellos sent?
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec
LWAPP (Cisco proprietary) and CAP-WAP (standards based)
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1
Using a mobility exchange message

4. What is the STP disabled state?
Makes use of the DHCP snooping database and static ip source binding entries. If enabled - switch will test addresses
The distribution layer should have only L3 links
Sends a test tone on the transmit pair. If a device is detected - CDP is used to narrow down the power class.
Admin down

5. What can cause a wireless client to switch between Aps?
Switches make an effort to move packets as quickly as possible
When a client roams between Aps in different subnets
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal
No shut

6. What is differentiated services model QOS?
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.
Each network device handles packets individually with no advance reservations
Gets assistance from other NSF-aware neighbors. NSF features need to be built into the routing protocols on router needing and providing assistance
Checks the destination MAC in the header against the target MAC in the ARP reply

7. CAM table entries are purged when....
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers
Normal and aggressive
A MAC is seen on a different port
Very high L3 throughput - no access lists or port filtering - redundancy and resilience - advanced QoS

8. What is 802.1x force-unauthorized?
1- trunking mode - 2-trunk encapsulation - 3-native VLAN - 4-allowed VLAN
Edge - root - and point to point
On ports where you never expect to find a root bridge for a VLAN
Port is forced to never authorize any connected client

9. What can the Etherchannel hash use?
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers
Globally
0000.5e00.01xx
Each frame transmits its expected duration time

10. What is a wireless mobility group?
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan
RADIUS

11. where does L2 switching occur?
Between interfaces that are assigned to L2 VLANs or L2 trunks
Differentiated services code point
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP
With portfast

12. What are the 2 choices for VLANs with IPT?
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan
Plain text or md5
They must be carried over a voice VLAN (VVID) or over a regular data VLAN (ie. The native VLAN or the PVID)
Lowest cumulative cost to root

13. How many users should be within a switch block?
Roughly 2000
4
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary
Each physical interface has a different IP address. All physical interfaces point to a virtual interface called the standby address or VIP

14. What is step 1 of enabling IP source guard?
All user ports that have portfast enabled
MST attributes must be manually entereed on each switch in the region. They don' t propagate like VTP.
Configure and enable DHCP snooping
Using a mobility exchange message

15. What is the format of the VRRP virtual MAC?
Using a mobility exchange message
0000.5e00.01xx
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)

16. What are the RSTP port states?
Discarding - learning - forwarding
The configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay
On the left as you face the connector
Can hear only BDPUs

17. What must be in common for a BSS to form?
Each frame transmits its expected duration time
802.1w
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials

18. What is RTP?
Show standby
1/2 and 3/6
All ports where root isn't expected
Real-time Transport Protocol

19. How is a WLC handoff handled when the WLCs are in different subnets?
Manually
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP
By using an Ether-IP tunnel

20. What is the STP hello timer?
134 bits
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies
All ports where root isn't expected

21. can root guard and bdpu guard be used together?
No
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table
134 bits

22. When looking at the sh spanning tree output - What does P2P peer(STP) denote?
A point to point port type but the neighboring device runs traditional 802.1D STP
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)
Used to switch packets that can't be forwarded normallly due to an encapsulation failure - unresolved address - unsupported protocol - etc.
Those that connect to other switches

23. What is a discard adjacency?
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.

24. What types of ports autonegotiate?
By creating a static IP binding
The distribution layer should have only L3 links
FE and GE
The same as a standby group in HSRP

25. 802.11a
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz
Those that connect to other switches
Edge - root - and point to point
10-15%

26. What is a wall wart?
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.
Used to switch packets that can't be forwarded normallly due to an encapsulation failure - unresolved address - unsupported protocol - etc.
Regions and instances

27. What does the reload keyword do in HSRP?
12 kbps with headers and compression
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD
If a unidirectional link is detected - the switch doesn't try to reestablish the link. ULD msgs are sent once/sec for 8 seconds - then the port is err-disabled
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow

28. RSTP root port
Use the spanning-tree root macro
Group (0-255) - priority (1-254 254 is highest - 100 default)
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config
Port with best root path cost

29. How does a WLC hand off a client's association to another WLC?
No shut
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table
Using a mobility exchange message

30. What is errdisable pagp-flap?
Up to 4 can be used in a group. Called active virtual forwarders (AVF)
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router
L2
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config

31. How is a QoS trust bondary configured?
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen
FE and GE
1-ID link path costs - 2-ID roodt bridge - 3-select root port (1/switch) - 4-select designated port (1/segment) - 5-ID blocking port
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies

32. Where should STP timers be configured and why?
Stateful switchover - redundant sup is fully booted and init'd. Both start and run config are synched as is L2 information - and switchinterfaces.
Distribution layer
On root - because the root bridge propagates timers with config BDPU
Yes

33. How does every HSRP config command begin?
Forces the router to wait for a period of time before attempting overthrow
On ports where you never expect to find a root bridge for a VLAN
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number
Using a mobility exchange message

34. What is a baby giant frame?
1-enable AAA on switch - 2-define RADIUS servers - 3-define authentication method - 4-enable 802.1x on switch - 5-conf. 802.1x ports - 6-allow hosts
The port uses 802.1x exchange to move from unauthorized to authorized. Requires app on client
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers

35. What is 802.1x auto?
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config
The port uses 802.1x exchange to move from unauthorized to authorized. Requires app on client
No
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged

36. what do multilayer switches do?
Both layer 2 switching and IVR
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole
Used to switch packets destined for the null interface
4

37. What does the RP do?
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root
The switch checks the MAC and IP reported in the reply against trusted values. If they don't match - it is dropped and logged
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it
Only for trusted Cisco gear - especially phones

38. How can you load-balance with HSRP?
Create 2 hsrp groups - each with the active router being different switches - then have clients point to each
L2
L2
Limits the number if dhcp requests on a port

39. What is UDLD aggressive mode?

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40. What is the size of a TCAM value?
1 per segment
Will trunk if asked
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP
134 bits - consisting of source and destination addresses and protocol information from the packet or frame

41. What does UDLD do?
Automatically negotiates a common trunk mode between switches
10-15%
Protects STP when a physical malfunction only allows traffic in 1 direction - even though the link shows as up (cisco proprietary)
Automatically by duplex mode in use. Full duplex are point ot point. Half duplex ports use traditional 802.1D convergence is used.

42. What are dynamic VLANs based on?
MAC of the end device
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root
5 classes with 3 drop precedences
By short-circuiting the max age timer

43. What is dhcp snooping rate limiting?
SC fiber or RJ-45
Limits the number if dhcp requests on a port
Port with redundant - but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate
On by default

44. What are the steps to configuring HSRP MD5 authentication?
Using a mobility exchange message
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack
Yes
1-name the chain - 2-establish a key number - 3-create the key string - 4-apply the chain to the string

45. What are LOU register pairs?
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over specified VLAN - voice QOS is 802.1p
When a port moves into forwarding or from fowarding or learning to blocking.
Used when ACLs specify port ranges...used by TCAM
It can't

46. What does the SP do?
Automatically negotiates a common trunk mode between switches
The DCF interframe space- the random backoff time before a wireless set can transmit
Port is forced to never authorize any connected client
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP

47. How does VRRP do tracking?

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48. RSTP point to point port
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance
1-ID link path costs - 2-ID roodt bridge - 3-select root port (1/switch) - 4-select designated port (1/segment) - 5-ID blocking port

49. What is an end to end vlan?
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric
7 switches from root bridge
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q
5 (0-4 with 4 being the highest)

50. How can you tell if a switch block is too large?
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.
FE - GE - and aggregated FE/GE Etherchannels
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block
Single instance of STP for all VLANs. BDPUs are sent over trunks using the native VLAN with untagged frames. Dot1q based