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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Where shoul dmultilayer switches be implemented?
MAC addresses are learned from the source MAC of incoming frames. If the destination address is unknown - the frame is flooded out all except the receiving port.
Distribution layer
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID
A single broadcast domain

2. When should CDP be enabled?
The redundant SUP is booted and sup and route engine is init'd. No L2 or L3 functions are started. Allows switchports to retain state
Yes to both
Automatically using DTP and CDP
Only for trusted Cisco gear - especially phones

3. Define VRRP
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP
Yes to both
802.1w
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves

4. What are the RSTP port roles?
Frames are forwarded
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches

5. What is the cost of a 1Gbps link?
Each network device handles packets individually with no advance reservations
4
Either desirable or auto mode
Collision domain

6. What are the three basic types of QOS?
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
Best effort delivery - integrated services model - and differentiated services model
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)

7. Define GLBP
1500B
The campus network's backbone
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary
63 kbps

8. What does the dst-mac option do when checking ARP replies
The port will operate under 802.1D rules. If they are received on the same port - it will run 802.1D until the migration delay expires
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses
Checks the destination MAC in the header against the target MAC in the ARP reply
1- inferior BDPU on blocked-considered alternative - 2-inferior on root-all blocked ports considered alternate - 3-if inferior arrives on root and no blocked ports - assumes loss of connectivity to root

9. How often are CAM table entries aged?
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
Incoming frames dropped - but MACs learned
300 sec

10. How does dot1q do trunking?
The point at which a switch decides to trust incoming Qos. Usually at boundary with ISP
Embeds the tag within the frame
Real-time Transport Protocol
Via an 802.1Q trunk or a single VLAN access port

11. What does a LAP do if it loses communication with it's WLC?
Weak key rotation
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state
Frames are forwarded
Reboots and searches for a new WLC

12. What is a cell?

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13. How does loop guard block ports?
Group (0-255) - priority (1-254 254 is highest - 100 default)
Only for the offending VLAN on the port
Auto mode
Lowest cumulative cost to root

14. What is the traditional MLS view of switching?
MAC of the end device
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow
Route once - switch many
When a specific interface is tracked - HSRP reduces it's priority after a specified interval.

15. What are the steps of RSTP convergence?
All ports where root isn't expected
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.

16. static vlans offer ____ based membership
A private VLAN can be logically associated with a special secondary vlan
1500B
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value
Port

17. What is dynamic auto?
Connects with SONET or SDH
A point to point port type
Will trunk if asked
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine

18. What are the VRRP group and priority numbers?
Root - designated - blocking - alternate - forwarding (host)
Group (0-255) - priority (1-254 254 is highest - 100 default)
The active router. All other routers are in backup state
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP

19. How many links can be used in an EtherChannel?
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.
1- trunking mode - 2-trunk encapsulation - 3-native VLAN - 4-allowed VLAN
Roughly 50%

20. How are RSTP point to point ports determined?
Automatically by duplex mode in use. Full duplex are point ot point. Half duplex ports use traditional 802.1D convergence is used.
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary
Real-time Transport Protocol
Full duplex

21. What is the default network diameter?
Local only
2 seconds (def)
7 switches from root bridge
1-enable AAA on switch - 2-define RADIUS servers - 3-define authentication method - 4-enable 802.1x on switch - 5-conf. 802.1x ports - 6-allow hosts

22. What is a bridge ID made up of?
If a unidirectional link is detected - the switch doesn't try to reestablish the link. ULD msgs are sent once/sec for 8 seconds - then the port is err-disabled
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw
Bridge priority and MAC

23. What is an end to end vlan?
Half-duplex
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric
Only for the offending VLAN on the port
Up to 4 can be used in a group. Called active virtual forwarders (AVF)

24. What are the 3 redundant supervisor modes?
Cisco ILP and 802.3af
Plain text or md5
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO

25. What can cause a wireless client to switch between Aps?
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets
Yes to both
Any ports associated with an isolated vlan can reach the primary - but not any other secondary. Hosts withn an isolated vlan can't reach each other
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal

26. When a host is connected to a switchport - why aren't frame errors propagated?
The same as a standby group in HSRP
It is enabled by default on all CEF capable switches
Because each frame is checked
As a VLAN access map

27. What is a proxy arp?

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28. What are LOU register pairs?
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz
Distribution layer
Used when ACLs specify port ranges...used by TCAM

29. What pins does FE use?
Option 43
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
1/2 and 3/6
It can't

30. What is a null adjacency?
A MAC is seen on a different port
Used to switch packets destined for the null interface
300 sec by default
They should be an unconditional Etherchannel because the WLC can't negotiate a channel.

31. What is dynamic desireable?
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP
All ports where root isn't expected
The port asks the other end to trunk

32. What is jitter?
Variation in delay
Plain text or md5
7 switches from root bridge
Cisco ILP and 802.3af

33. What is DSCP codepoint AF41(34)?
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server
1- inferior BDPU on blocked-considered alternative - 2-inferior on root-all blocked ports considered alternate - 3-if inferior arrives on root and no blocked ports - assumes loss of connectivity to root
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack
Flash override (class 4)

34. What is a VRRP group?
The same as a standby group in HSRP
5 (0-4 with 4 being the highest)
Differentiated services
Yes

35. What feedback mechanism does wireless use?
Embeds the tag within the frame
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack
1-lowest root bridge ID - 2-lowest root path cost - 3-lowest bridgeID - 4-lowest port ID
Allows devices to interoperate with PVST and CST. Can use both dot1q and ISL

36. Define HSRP
L2
By using a hash of a key string
A port can only forward or relay BDPUs - but can't receive them - disabled by default - enabled per-port - blocks port when superior BDPUs are received
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen

37. What is the FM?
Those that connect to other switches
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.
1-enable AAA on switch - 2-define RADIUS servers - 3-define authentication method - 4-enable 802.1x on switch - 5-conf. 802.1x ports - 6-allow hosts

38. How can you load-balance with HSRP?
Local only
Port stays up - packets from violating MACs dropped - no logging
Create 2 hsrp groups - each with the active router being different switches - then have clients point to each
4

39. How often are BDPUs sent?
Regions and instances
It is enabled by default on all CEF capable switches
By configuring every switch port to have an expected and controlled behavior
2 seconds (def)

40. What happens if both 802.1D and RSTP BDPUs are received?
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby
The port will operate under 802.1D rules. If they are received on the same port - it will run 802.1D until the migration delay expires
Manually
Globally or per-port

41. How are multiple VLANs mapped to multiple SSIDs?
As a VLAN access map
The topology is pre-populated by downloading the topology DB into the FIB and dynamically updated. Called Cisco Express Forwarding
By using a trunk link
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors

42. where does L2 switching occur?
No
A MAC is seen on a different port
Globally
Between interfaces that are assigned to L2 VLANs or L2 trunks

43. What is the STP disabled state?
10-15%
Admin down
Should be used on access switches - can't be used on root - keeps enabled switch from becoming root by raising priority of switch and all ports - making them undesirable
Group (0-255) - priority (1-254 254 is highest - 100 default)

44. What is the default MTU?
Both ends should be on because on modes doesn't send PAgP or LACP packets
Yes
1500B
Checks the sender's ip in all arp requests and checks the sender's IP against target IP in all replies

45. How are errdisable triggers tuned?
Globally
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number
Yes
Normal and aggressive

46. What is an IBSS?
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP
19
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers

47. What is a wall wart?
The switch adds its MAC to the option 82 field so that the DHCP reply echoes back the switch's own information
Silent
5 (0-4 with 4 being the highest)
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.

48. How is UDLD configured?
Port is forced to never authorize any connected client
Per-port or globally for all fiber-optic ports. Can be enabled globally - but will only affect fiber ports
1 IP subnet
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting

49. How do you prevent switch spoofing?
By configuring every switch port to have an expected and controlled behavior
No because they only participate if asked
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan
Distribution layer

50. How many tunnels exist between the LAP and WLC?
2 - one for control messages and one for data
Half-duplex
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP
When a specific interface is tracked - HSRP reduces it's priority after a specified interval.