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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. EAP encryption
It's a router that maintains routes (static or dynamic) - and populates the FIB
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.
Protects STP when a physical malfunction only allows traffic in 1 direction - even though the link shows as up (cisco proprietary)
Dynamic WEP keys that change periodically

2. What is DSCP codepoint EF(46)?
Root - designated - blocking - alternate - forwarding (host)
Port stays up - packets from violating MACs dropped - no logging
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance
Critical...used most often for IPT

3. What are the 5 STP port roles?
For hosts that doesn't understand routing - the DGW is configured to reply with its own mac
By using a trunk link
Root - designated - blocking - alternate - forwarding (host)
Checks the sender's ip in all arp requests and checks the sender's IP against target IP in all replies

4. How does IPT behave when the voice VLAN is in dot1p mode?
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p
Access

5. What data does DHCP snooping track?
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches
The DCF interframe space- the random backoff time before a wireless set can transmit
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.
MAC of the end device

6. What 2 conditions does IP source guard check for?
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry
The L3 forwarding engine can't forward the packet in hardware because there is no L2 next-hop address - so the packet is sent to the L3 engine to generate the ARP response
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP

7. What are the two etherchannel negotiation protocols?
L2
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)
Between interfaces that are assigned to L2 VLANs or L2 trunks
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number

8. How should UDLD be configured?
224.0.0.2 (all routers)
Each physical interface has a different IP address. All physical interfaces point to a virtual interface called the standby address or VIP
The total delay from start to finish
The configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay

9. What is the cost of a 1Gbps link?
0-255 (lower is better)
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy
4

10. When are RSTP bdpus sent?
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds
Every hello interval regardless of whether BDPUs are received from root - allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root

11. Which 4 things must be agreeable to trunk?
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another
Packets must be sent to the L3 engine for further processing
1- trunking mode - 2-trunk encapsulation - 3-native VLAN - 4-allowed VLAN
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings

12. What are the RSTP port states?
Discarding - learning - forwarding
Because each frame is checked
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset
FE and GE

13. What does MSTP consist of?
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports
Because each frame is checked
Regions and instances
By sending a gratuitous ARP

14. How is Root Guard used?
Globally
On ports where you never expect to find a root bridge for a VLAN
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz
2 seconds

15. What is an SVI?
63 kbps
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds
Switched Virtual Interface - an L3 address can be assigned to a logical interface that represents an entire VLAN - which becomes the DGW for that VLAN

16. What is DSCP?
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge
LACP port priority
Differentiated services code point
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance

17. How are BDPUs spread?
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
Reboots and searches for a new WLC
Will trunk if asked
1-enable AAA on switch - 2-define RADIUS servers - 3-define authentication method - 4-enable 802.1x on switch - 5-conf. 802.1x ports - 6-allow hosts

18. What types of links can be trunked?
FE - GE - and aggregated FE/GE Etherchannels
Up to 4 can be used in a group. Called active virtual forwarders (AVF)
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP
Cisco ILP and 802.3af

19. What are the steps to configuring HSRP MD5 authentication?
1-name the chain - 2-establish a key number - 3-create the key string - 4-apply the chain to the string
If a unidirectional link is detected - the port continues normally - but the port is marked as undetermined and a syslog is generated
For hosts that doesn't understand routing - the DGW is configured to reply with its own mac
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.

20. What is NSF?
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.
Immediate (class 2)
The port uses 802.1x exchange to move from unauthorized to authorized. Requires app on client
Nonstop forwarding is an interactive method focusing on rebuilding the RIB after SUP switchover

21. What is unique about HSRP group numbers?
Used to switch packets destined for the null interface
Only for trusted Cisco gear - especially phones
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another
Protects STP when a physical malfunction only allows traffic in 1 direction - even though the link shows as up (cisco proprietary)

22. What is a proxy arp?

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23. What is a baby giant frame?
Enables switches at the end of the spanning tree branches to have a functioning root port while keeping 1 or more redundant potential ports in blocking mode. When the main fails - the other comes up.
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers
Checks the destination MAC in the header against the target MAC in the ARP reply
Prevents the dhcp binding DB from being checked.

24. How does DAI work?
Compatible with 802.11b - up to 54Mbps in 12 data rates - 3 channels - 2.4Ghz
The distribution layer should have only L3 links
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.

25. How is a QoS trust bondary configured?
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow
12 kbps with headers and compression
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies

26. RSTP point to point port
63 kbps
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port
Differentiated services code point
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk

27. How does GLBP work?
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state

28. What types of link can an etherchannel be?
63 kbps
By using a trunk link
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer
Access or trunk

29. What is the STP listening state?
As a VLAN access map
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
Access
Can send and receive BDPUs

30. What are the 3 RSTP port types?
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)
Edge - root - and point to point
A host port goes up or down
Allows devices to interoperate with PVST and CST. Can use both dot1q and ISL

31. What pins does FE use?
Port with best root path cost on segment
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
1/2 and 3/6
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)

32. What is the range of PAgP channel group numbers?
1 to 64
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions
Set the native VLAN of a trunk to a bogus or unused VLAN ID then prune the native VLAN off both ends of the trunk
Weak key rotation

33. How many users should be within a switch block?
2 seconds (def)
Only on ports that have same static VLANs or trunking. It also modifies parameters of the channel if one of the ports is modified
FE and GE
Roughly 2000

34. What is the VRRP skew time?
Hold time is 3xhello. A skew time of 256ms-routerpriority)/256ms is added
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up
On ports where you never expect to find a root bridge for a VLAN
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)

35. How are GLBP timers used?
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk
Only on ports that have same static VLANs or trunking. It also modifies parameters of the channel if one of the ports is modified
1- trunking mode - 2-trunk encapsulation - 3-native VLAN - 4-allowed VLAN
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec

36. What is an insignificant topology change?
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.
Each frame transmits its expected duration time
A host port goes up or down

37. What is an autonomous mode AP?
1-(opt) configure load balancing - 2-select the interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-select the mode and submode
Flash (class 3)
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number

38. What is the format of the VRRP virtual MAC?
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port
0000.5e00.01xx
1500B
Each physical interface has a different IP address. All physical interfaces point to a virtual interface called the standby address or VIP

39. What is UDLD aggressive mode?

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40. What are the 3 ways GLBP load-balances?
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
A point to point port type
The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance
Compatible with 802.11b - up to 54Mbps in 12 data rates - 3 channels - 2.4Ghz

41. static vlans offer ____ based membership
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP
Automatically negotiates a common trunk mode between switches
Port

42. What does the skinny protocol do?
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM
Lowest cumulative cost to root
12 kbps with headers and compression
Can hear only BDPUs

43. How is UDLD configured?
Per-port or globally for all fiber-optic ports. Can be enabled globally - but will only affect fiber ports
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
LWAPP (Cisco proprietary) and CAP-WAP (standards based)
Embeds the tag within the frame

44. What does the standby HSRP router do?
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds
Sends a voltage across the receive pairs to detect a 25k ohm resistance
The active router. All other routers are in backup state
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router

45. What is dynamic desireable?
Any ports associated with an isolated vlan can reach the primary - but not any other secondary. Hosts withn an isolated vlan can't reach each other
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets
The port asks the other end to trunk
Src-ip - dst-ip - src-dst-ip - src-mac - dst-mac - src-dst-mac - src-port - dst-port - src-dst-port

46. What does the switchport host macro do?
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.
Access
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry
Sets the switchport mode to access - enables portfast - and turns off channel grouping for the port

47. What are the PAgP negotiation modes
Yes
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)
Root - designated - alternate - and backup

48. WEP encryption
Weak key rotation
Causes switch to actively determine whether alternative paths exist to root bridge in case ther eis an indirect failure
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.
1/2 and 3/6

49. Which ports should you consider trusted for DAI?
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves
Those that connect to other switches
Checks the sender's ip in all arp requests and checks the sender's IP against target IP in all replies
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine

50. What types of ports autonegotiate?
FE and GE
Checks the destination MAC in the header against the target MAC in the ARP reply
By sending a gratuitous ARP
Limits the number if dhcp requests on a port