Test your basic knowledge |

CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is UDLD aggressive mode?

2. How many virtual MACs can GLBP have?
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated
Up to 4 can be used in a group. Called active virtual forwarders (AVF)
Frames are forwarded
A host port goes up or down

3. what must be done on an SVI before it is activated?
1-enable AAA on switch - 2-define RADIUS servers - 3-define authentication method - 4-enable 802.1x on switch - 5-conf. 802.1x ports - 6-allow hosts
No shut
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds
Packets must be sent to the L3 engine for further processing

4. How are GLBP timers used?
Some unused bits are used to allow a port to identify its role and state. Also the BDPUs state that they are V2 BDPUs
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD
Admin down
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec

5. What are the 3 trunk encap modes?
That they aren't using the same frequencies.
Critical...used most often for IPT
Src-ip - dst-ip - src-dst-ip - src-mac - dst-mac - src-dst-mac - src-port - dst-port - src-dst-port
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)

6. How does HSRP port tracking work?

7. How does every HSRP config command begin?
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number
Set the native VLAN of a trunk to a bogus or unused VLAN ID then prune the native VLAN off both ends of the trunk
Roughly 50%
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker

8. What is an MST instance?
1-(opt) set system priority - 2-select interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-set the mode - 5-(opt) set the port priority
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz
Checks the destination MAC in the header against the target MAC in the ARP reply
The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance

9. What are 2 ways to configure VLAN and VTP information?
Data and voice over native vlan no QOS and no 802.1p trunk
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy
By sending a gratuitous ARP
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry

10. What are TCAM entries composed of?
Value - mask - and result (VMR) combinations
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer
Best effort delivery - integrated services model - and differentiated services model

11. 802.11a
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number
No because they only participate if asked

12. How much overlap should a wireless repeater have?
Used to switch packets that can't be forwarded normallly due to an encapsulation failure - unresolved address - unsupported protocol - etc.
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal
Roughly 50%
Configure non-silent submode

13. At what layer should the WLC be connected?
Only for trusted Cisco gear - especially phones
0-255 (lower is better)
Distribution
1/2 and 3/6

14. How does a Cisco IP phone connect upstream?
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)
The port is forced to always authorize any connected client with no authentication necessary (default)
Via an 802.1Q trunk or a single VLAN access port
The point at which a switch decides to trust incoming Qos. Usually at boundary with ISP

15. How many MST instances can be in a region?
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.
On the left as you face the connector
Protects STP when a physical malfunction only allows traffic in 1 direction - even though the link shows as up (cisco proprietary)
16 - IST gets MSTI 0 - 1-15 are available for use. MSTIs are locally significant to the MST region

16. What is the acceptible range of VLANS?
No
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
The RP listens to a flow's 1st packet for the dest. The SE listens to the packet and dest and puts a shortcut in the MSL cache. Netflow switching - route once - switch many

17. What cabling do GBICs use?
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network
Change in trunk encap
SC fiber or RJ-45
The configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay

18. RSTP alternate port
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active
Turn on port security
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root
Almost eliminates listening and learning states for single hosts on an access link

19. What is best effort delivery QOS?
On ports where you never expect to find a root bridge for a VLAN
Switches make an effort to move packets as quickly as possible
Can send and receive BDPUs
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another

20. What are the 3 unlicensed frequencies?
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz
Yes
5 (0-4 with 4 being the highest)
Automatically using DTP and CDP

21. What is the STP Max Age timer?
A host port goes up or down
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID
Variation in delay

22. What is an SVI?
The DCF interframe space- the random backoff time before a wireless set can transmit
Switched Virtual Interface - an L3 address can be assigned to a logical interface that represents an entire VLAN - which becomes the DGW for that VLAN
16 - IST gets MSTI 0 - 1-15 are available for use. MSTIs are locally significant to the MST region
224.0.0.2 (all routers)

23. How does ILP do power discovery?
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets
2 seconds (def)
The topology is pre-populated by downloading the topology DB into the FIB and dynamically updated. Called Cisco Express Forwarding
Sends a test tone on the transmit pair. If a device is detected - CDP is used to narrow down the power class.

24. What is the default 10mbps Enet duplex?
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network
Half-duplex

25. Automatically configure STP timers
Variation in delay
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)
All user ports that have portfast enabled
Use the spanning-tree root macro

26. How is the IPT 802.1 trunk negotiated?
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS
Automatically using DTP and CDP
1 per segment
Root

27. Whan is a 10GE WAN PHY?
Checks the sender's ip in all arp requests and checks the sender's IP against target IP in all replies
Connects with SONET or SDH
It's a router that maintains routes (static or dynamic) - and populates the FIB
That they aren't using the same frequencies.

28. What scope is 802.1x enabled?
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced
Globally
No
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings

29. If a wireless station needs to transmit and no other device is transmitting - what happens?
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it

30. How does every GLBP command begin
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state
They should be an unconditional Etherchannel because the WLC can't negotiate a channel.
Manually

31. How are VACLs applied
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)
Use the spanning-tree root macro

32. What is the default MTU?
1500B
The distribution layer should have only L3 links
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine

33. What does the standby HSRP router do?
The port will operate under 802.1D rules. If they are received on the same port - it will run 802.1D until the migration delay expires
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router
Only on ports that have same static VLANs or trunking. It also modifies parameters of the channel if one of the ports is modified

34. What is a direct topology change?
LACP port priority
One that can be detected on a switch interface (ie. Up/down)
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers
Use the spanning-tree root macro

35. How does ISL do trunking?
LWAPP (Cisco proprietary) and CAP-WAP (standards based)
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer
Packets must be sent to the L3 engine for further processing
A point to point port type

36. If a wireless station needs to transmit and another device is transmitting - what happens?
Turn on port security
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.
The DCF interframe space- the random backoff time before a wireless set can transmit

37. How does loop guard block ports?
Only for the offending VLAN on the port
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack
Distribution layer
No

38. For QoS - switch uplinks should always be considered as ____ _____?
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy
19
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
Trusted ports

39. If one end of an Etherchannel (either type) is set to on and the channel doesn't form - what should you check?

40. What pins does FE use?
1/2 and 3/6
Checks the sender's ip in all arp requests and checks the sender's IP against target IP in all replies
7 switches from root bridge
MST attributes must be manually entereed on each switch in the region. They don' t propagate like VTP.

41. What are the 5 steps a LAP uses to establish communication with a WLC?
MAC addresses are learned from the source MAC of incoming frames. If the destination address is unknown - the frame is flooded out all except the receiving port.
Yes
The total delay from start to finish
1-LAP gets a DHCP address - 2-LAP learns IP of available WLC - 3-LAP sends a join request to WLC and receives join reply - 4-WLC sends code image - if necessary - 5-Tunnels are created

42. How do you implement MST?

43. What are the steps to configuring HSRP MD5 authentication?
Per-port or globally for all fiber-optic ports. Can be enabled globally - but will only affect fiber ports
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves
1-name the chain - 2-establish a key number - 3-create the key string - 4-apply the chain to the string
It is enabled by default on all CEF capable switches

44. What are the PAgP negotiation modes
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)
1- inferior BDPU on blocked-considered alternative - 2-inferior on root-all blocked ports considered alternate - 3-if inferior arrives on root and no blocked ports - assumes loss of connectivity to root
When a port moves into forwarding or from fowarding or learning to blocking.
Half-duplex

45. What is RTP?
Because each frame is checked
All ports where root isn't expected
Real-time Transport Protocol
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.

46. How do you prevent VLAN hopping?
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability
The topology is pre-populated by downloading the topology DB into the FIB and dynamically updated. Called Cisco Express Forwarding
Set the native VLAN of a trunk to a bogus or unused VLAN ID then prune the native VLAN off both ends of the trunk
4

47. Can two switches in the auto(PAgP) or passive (LACP) mode create a channel? Why?
Distribution
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
No because they only participate if asked
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured

48. What is the STP hello timer?
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table
It's a router that maintains routes (static or dynamic) - and populates the FIB

49. How are multiple VLANs mapped to multiple SSIDs?
By using a trunk link
For hosts that doesn't understand routing - the DGW is configured to reply with its own mac
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec
The switch checks the MAC and IP reported in the reply against trusted values. If they don't match - it is dropped and logged

50. What is a community secondary VLAN?
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan
LACP port priority
1-name the chain - 2-establish a key number - 3-create the key string - 4-apply the chain to the string
Controls where candidate root bridges can be connected and found on a network