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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What pins does FE use?
By using a trunk link
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better
1/2 and 3/6
2

2. How can you tell if a switch block is too large?
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state
Forces the router to wait for a period of time after the switch is reloaded before attempting to overthrow
10-15%
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block

3. How does a DAI enabled switch gather trusted ARP info?
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports
Yes
1500B

4. What are the 3 trunk encap modes?
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router
Isl - dot1q - negotiate (default)
A private VLAN can be logically associated with a special secondary vlan
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM

5. What does the switchport host macro do?
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.
Sets the switchport mode to access - enables portfast - and turns off channel grouping for the port
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP
Distribution layer

6. What ILP mode are all ports in by default?
Checks the source MAC in the header against the sender MAC in the ARP reply
Auto mode
All ports where root isn't expected
Trunk

7. How doed backbonefast work?
Auto mode
Gets assistance from other NSF-aware neighbors. NSF features need to be built into the routing protocols on router needing and providing assistance
Connects with SONET or SDH
By short-circuiting the max age timer

8. How does dot1q do trunking?
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge
Embeds the tag within the frame
1-(opt) configure load balancing - 2-select the interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-select the mode and submode
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number

9. What can the Etherchannel hash use?
A point to point port type
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers
1-name the chain - 2-establish a key number - 3-create the key string - 4-apply the chain to the string

10. For QoS - switch uplinks should always be considered as ____ _____?
Any dhcp reply coming from an untrusted port is discarded and the offending port is put in errdisable
Trusted ports
Promiscuous and host
Turn on port security

11. How are BDPUs spread?
By creating a static IP binding
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)
One that can be detected on a switch interface (ie. Up/down)

12. RSTP alternate port
Group (0-255) - priority (1-254 254 is highest - 100 default)
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric
They must be carried over a voice VLAN (VVID) or over a regular data VLAN (ie. The native VLAN or the PVID)

13. What must the other end be set to if PAgP desirable or LACP active mode is selected?
Port with best root path cost
2 - one for control messages and one for data
Either desirable or auto mode
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state

14. What does port-security restrict do?
Per-port or globally for all fiber-optic ports. Can be enabled globally - but will only affect fiber ports
Automatically negotiates a common trunk mode between switches
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets

15. What is the LACP priority range?
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability
A single broadcast domain
Cisco recommends only on the root bridge
Used to switch packets that can't be forwarded normallly due to an encapsulation failure - unresolved address - unsupported protocol - etc.

16. What is dynamic auto?
Will trunk if asked
Distribution layer
Sends a voltage across the receive pairs to detect a 25k ohm resistance
16 - IST gets MSTI 0 - 1-15 are available for use. MSTIs are locally significant to the MST region

17. What is a topology change?
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root
Interim solution - uses same hardware as WEP - but uses TKIP encryption
When a port moves into forwarding or from fowarding or learning to blocking.
Option 43

18. What is latency?
Immediate (class 2)
The total delay from start to finish
SC fiber or RJ-45
Port with best root path cost

19. How do you configure DAI for statically configured IP addresses?
Prevents the dhcp binding DB from being checked.
Differentiated services code point
Enables switches at the end of the spanning tree branches to have a functioning root port while keeping 1 or more redundant potential ports in blocking mode. When the main fails - the other comes up.
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings

20. What is the standard for WLANs?
To the virtual port-channel interface
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port
Tracks of BDPUs on nondesignated ports. When those BDPUs stop coming - the port is put into loop-inconsistent state and blocks
802.11

21. How is root port decided upon?
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)
All user ports that have portfast enabled
Lowest cumulative cost to root
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged

22. CAM table entries are purged when....
Almost eliminates listening and learning states for single hosts on an access link
Collision domain
A MAC is seen on a different port
Best effort delivery - integrated services model - and differentiated services model

23. What is the traditional MLS view of switching?
By creating a static IP binding
Control functions
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.
Route once - switch many

24. What is a CEF punt?

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25. what do multilayer switches do?
Bridge priority and MAC
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.
Both layer 2 switching and IVR
Configure and enable DHCP snooping

26. What feedback mechanism does wireless use?
The point at which a switch decides to trust incoming Qos. Usually at boundary with ISP
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds
Those that connect to other switches
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack

27. How are VACLs applied
224.0.0.2 (all routers)
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)

28. What is accelerated CEF (aCEF)?
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action
10-15%
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset

29. What is a cell?

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30. What do you need to determine to use MSTP?
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance
Local only
Roughly 2000
The same as a standby group in HSRP

31. What is Per VLAN STP (PVST)?
Full duplex
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q
Checks the source MAC in the header against the sender MAC in the ARP reply
It can't

32. By default - what layer do catalyst switchports operate on?
Each network device handles packets individually with no advance reservations
L2
Distribution
Sends a test tone on the transmit pair. If a device is detected - CDP is used to narrow down the power class.

33. What is the default 10mbps Enet duplex?
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network
Half-duplex
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
Weak key rotation

34. If there are 2 ports with same root cost - how is the tie broken for designated port?
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets
1-lowest root bridge ID - 2-lowest root path cost - 3-lowest bridgeID - 4-lowest port ID
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action

35. What is PVST plus (PVST+)?
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another
FE and GE
Allows devices to interoperate with PVST and CST. Can use both dot1q and ISL
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary

36. What does the epoch number indicate when looking at cef entries?
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value
Within a single MST region - an IST instances runs to work out a loop free topology between links where CST meets the region boundary and all switches in the region. It runs at the boundary.

37. What must be in common for a BSS to form?
A point to point port type but the neighboring device runs traditional 802.1D STP
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials
When each AP stands alone within the larger network.
Controls where candidate root bridges can be connected and found on a network

38. RSTP edge port
Each network device handles packets individually with no advance reservations
On the left as you face the connector
Only a single host connects . If one BDPU is received - it is no longer an edge port
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN

39. What are the characteristics of the distribution layer?
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another
The port asks the other end to trunk
Aggregation - high L3 throughput - security and policy based connectivity functions through access lists and packet filters - QoS - scalable high-speed links
SC fiber or RJ-45

40. What is RPR+?

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41. By default - what submode does PAgP operate in with the desirable and auto modes?
On all switches in network to enable RLQ request and reply
Isolated and community
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric
Silent

42. What are the 3 ways GLBP load-balances?
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number
Yes

43. What is common spanning tree (CST)?
Single instance of STP for all VLANs. BDPUs are sent over trunks using the native VLAN with untagged frames. Dot1q based
Full duplex
802.11
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine

44. RSTP backup port
Used when ACLs specify port ranges...used by TCAM
Port with redundant - but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate
Real-time functions such as beacons and probes - encryption and interactions with the client at L2
Compatible with 802.11b - up to 54Mbps in 12 data rates - 3 channels - 2.4Ghz

45. What does the src-mac option do when checking ARP replies
Checks the source MAC in the header against the sender MAC in the ARP reply
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID
Src-ip - dst-ip - src-dst-ip - src-mac - dst-mac - src-dst-mac - src-port - dst-port - src-dst-port
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds

46. What is errdisable dtp-flap?
Change in trunk encap
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs
Local only
1500B

47. What happens when an ARP reply is received on an untrusted port?

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48. What is the STP listening state?
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table
Prevents the dhcp binding DB from being checked.
Via an 802.1Q trunk or a single VLAN access port
Can send and receive BDPUs

49. Where shoul dmultilayer switches be implemented?
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw
Collision domain
Those that connect to other switches
Distribution layer

50. How often are CAM table entries aged?
The port will operate under 802.1D rules. If they are received on the same port - it will run 802.1D until the migration delay expires
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan
300 sec