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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What types of link can an etherchannel be?
Switches make an effort to move packets as quickly as possible
Trusted or untrusted
Access or trunk
Option 43

2. What is the range of HSRP group numbers?
0-255
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.
It is enabled by default on all CEF capable switches
Between interfaces that are assigned to L2 VLANs or L2 trunks

3. What are the VRRP group and priority numbers?
Group (0-255) - priority (1-254 254 is highest - 100 default)
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack
It updates the L2 headers with the proper src and dst MAC - L3 TTL - L3 checksum - and L2 checksum information
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated

4. What is the GLBP redirect timer?
Controls where candidate root bridges can be connected and found on a network
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies
Globally
The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance

5. if the switchport is part of an etherchannel - Where is the network assigned
To the virtual port-channel interface
5 classes with 3 drop precedences
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table

6. What is layer 3 roaming?
When a client roams between Aps in different subnets
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over specified VLAN - voice QOS is 802.1p
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured
Port with redundant - but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate

7. What are the steps to configuring HSRP MD5 authentication?
1-name the chain - 2-establish a key number - 3-create the key string - 4-apply the chain to the string
By creating a static IP binding
L2
That they aren't using the same frequencies.

8. What is an indirect topology change?
Yes
RADIUS
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic

9. What are the 6 HSRP states?
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active
Lowest cumulative cost to root
Hold time is 3xhello. A skew time of 256ms-routerpriority)/256ms is added
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.

10. How often are HSRP hellos sent?
1 IP subnet
Causes switch to actively determine whether alternative paths exist to root bridge in case ther eis an indirect failure
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO

11. What is an MST instance?
The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz
Only when a nonedge port transitions to forwarding
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured

12. What can cause a wireless client to switch between Aps?
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal
Regions and instances
No
Port is forced to never authorize any connected client

13. What is the default network diameter?
MAC of the end device
Set the native VLAN of a trunk to a bogus or unused VLAN ID then prune the native VLAN off both ends of the trunk
7 switches from root bridge
No

14. What are the 2 UDLD modes?
Controls where candidate root bridges can be connected and found on a network
Only a single host connects . If one BDPU is received - it is no longer an edge port
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated
Normal and aggressive

15. How can you load-balance with HSRP?
1 per segment
Every hello interval regardless of whether BDPUs are received from root - allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology
Configuration and TCN
Create 2 hsrp groups - each with the active router being different switches - then have clients point to each

16. What is DSCP codepoint AF21(18)?
Port is forced to never authorize any connected client
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server
Immediate (class 2)

17. What is the 80/20 rule?
Connects with SONET or SDH
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves
80% of the user traffic should stay in the VLAN

18. How is RSTP synchronization accomplished?
Enables switches at the end of the spanning tree branches to have a functioning root port while keeping 1 or more redundant potential ports in blocking mode. When the main fails - the other comes up.
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)

19. What is dynamic desireable?
Immediate (class 2)
The port asks the other end to trunk
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan

20. What must the other end be set to if PAgP desirable or LACP active mode is selected?
Either desirable or auto mode
7 switches from root bridge
Half because transmitting and receiving stations use the same frequency
Collision domain

21. What cabling do GBICs use?
Promiscuous and host
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged
Access or trunk
SC fiber or RJ-45

22. Where is loop guard enabled?
For hosts that doesn't understand routing - the DGW is configured to reply with its own mac
All user ports that have portfast enabled
The L3 forwarding engine can't forward the packet in hardware because there is no L2 next-hop address - so the packet is sent to the L3 engine to generate the ARP response
All nondesignated ports - but ok for all ports

23. What does port-security restrict do?
Those that connect to other switches
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets
Between any type of interface as long as the interface can have an L3 address assigned
Globally

24. How does L3 QOS classification happen?
Differentiated services code point
300 sec
The TOS field in the header is used. 2 methods 3 bits or 6 bits
224.0.0.2 (all routers)

25. What is the size of ISL encapsulation?
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC
No
A host port goes up or down
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.

26. How should the switch port to which a WLC be configured?
Globally or per-port
Trunk
The TOS field in the header is used. 2 methods 3 bits or 6 bits
0-255

27. How does IPT behave when the voce VLAN is in the default none mode?
Both ends should be on because on modes doesn't send PAgP or LACP packets
Data and voice over native vlan no QOS and no 802.1p trunk
An AP's coverage area
Edge - root - and point to point

28. How many links can be used in an EtherChannel?
Weak key rotation
Some unused bits are used to allow a port to identify its role and state. Also the BDPUs state that they are V2 BDPUs
Limits the number if dhcp requests on a port
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.

29. What is NSF?
Nonstop forwarding is an interactive method focusing on rebuilding the RIB after SUP switchover
Configure and enable DHCP snooping
FE - GE - and aggregated FE/GE Etherchannels
As a VLAN access map

30. What is the format of the VRRP virtual MAC?
A single broadcast domain
For hosts that doesn't understand routing - the DGW is configured to reply with its own mac
0000.5e00.01xx
Will trunk if asked

31. Where does VRRP send advertisements?
Multicasts to 224.0.0.18 (VRRP)
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses
1 to 64
By creating a static IP binding

32. How do you disable DTP when you configure both ends of the ISL manually?
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz
All ports where root isn't expected
Switchpotrt nonegotiate

33. How does uplinkfast handle changes in topology?
Packets must be sent to the L3 engine for further processing
A point to point port type but the neighboring device runs traditional 802.1D STP
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.

34. Each switch port is a _____ ______
By short-circuiting the max age timer
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number
On by default
Collision domain

35. How does packet forwarding work
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action
Per VLAN
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw

36. How is 802.1x configured for port security?
RADIUS
Roughly 50%
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced
Port with best root path cost

37. What is a cell?

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38. How many MST instances can be in a region?
16 - IST gets MSTI 0 - 1-15 are available for use. MSTIs are locally significant to the MST region
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP
1 per segment
They must be carried over a voice VLAN (VVID) or over a regular data VLAN (ie. The native VLAN or the PVID)

39. What is a root link query (RLQ)?
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge
1 -2 -5.5 and 11 Mbps - Channels 1/6/11 - 2.4Ghz
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions

40. What is 802.1x force-authorized?
The port is forced to always authorize any connected client with no authentication necessary (default)
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.
Incoming frames dropped - but MACs learned
2 seconds

41. What are spoofed addresses?
FE and GE
They disguise the origin of an attack
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged

42. How should the switch port to which an autonomous AP be configured?
Flash override (class 4)
Trunk
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric
L2

43. How is a QoS trust bondary configured?
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
The point at which a switch decides to trust incoming Qos. Usually at boundary with ISP
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry

44. How does HSRP election work?
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker
Stateful switchover - redundant sup is fully booted and init'd. Both start and run config are synched as is L2 information - and switchinterfaces.
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary
Switchpotrt nonegotiate

45. What are 2 ways to configure VLAN and VTP information?
MAC addresses are learned from the source MAC of incoming frames. If the destination address is unknown - the frame is flooded out all except the receiving port.
It's a router that maintains routes (static or dynamic) - and populates the FIB
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy
Per VLAN

46. What is the acceptible range of VLANS?
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
They must be carried over a voice VLAN (VVID) or over a regular data VLAN (ie. The native VLAN or the PVID)
The active router. All other routers are in backup state
The TOS field in the header is used. 2 methods 3 bits or 6 bits

47. What are TCAM entries composed of?
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions
Value - mask - and result (VMR) combinations
802.1D
Globally

48. What is topology-basec caching?
The topology is pre-populated by downloading the topology DB into the FIB and dynamically updated. Called Cisco Express Forwarding
Port with best root path cost on segment
802.1w
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface

49. What is an ESS?
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.
The configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions
The same as a standby group in HSRP

50. How are frames forwarded across a specific link?
Best effort delivery - integrated services model - and differentiated services model
No
Hashing algorithm
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table