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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are LOU register pairs?
Differentiated services
Data and voice over native vlan no QOS and no 802.1p trunk
Used when ACLs specify port ranges...used by TCAM
No because they only participate if asked

2. What cabling do GBICs use?
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active
Nonstop forwarding is an interactive method focusing on rebuilding the RIB after SUP switchover
Configuration and TCN
SC fiber or RJ-45

3. How do you renable an err-disable port by default?
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
Manually
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.

4. How does HSRP do MD5 authentication?
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.
Connects with SONET or SDH
By using a hash of a key string

5. What is the PVLAN host mode?
A point to point port type
Distribution layer
Manually
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan

6. How does dot1q do trunking?
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
1-enable AAA on switch - 2-define RADIUS servers - 3-define authentication method - 4-enable 802.1x on switch - 5-conf. 802.1x ports - 6-allow hosts
Embeds the tag within the frame
802.1w

7. What ILP mode are all ports in by default?
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets
Auto mode
Arp for local subnet - if on different subnet - will arp for dgw

8. What can cause a wireless client to switch between Aps?
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal
Variation in delay
Regions and instances
Control functions

9. What is the GLBP redirect timer?
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen
Roughly 50%
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies
0000.5e00.01xx

10. RSTP forwarding state
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
If the switch or the powered device doesn't suport power class discovery
1 to 64
Frames are forwarded

11. What does the static keyword do when applying an arp ACL?
Prevents the dhcp binding DB from being checked.
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk
Hosts associated with a secondary VLAN can communicate with ports on the primary but not with another secondary VLAN
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.

12. What format does the GLBP MAC use?
Connects to a router - firewall - or gateway. Can communicate with anything else connected to the primary or any secondary. Ignores pvlan config
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz
0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is six 0 bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group numberr. Yyyy is the virtual forwarder number
Port stays up - packets from violating MACs dropped - no logging

13. How many potential links can LACP define?
63 kbps
Globally or per-port
A MAC is seen on a different port
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby

14. What is the default 10mbps Enet duplex?
Each physical interface has a different IP address. All physical interfaces point to a virtual interface called the standby address or VIP
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
Half-duplex

15. What is DSCP codepoint EF(46)?
Yes
Critical...used most often for IPT
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability

16. What are 2 ways to configure VLAN and VTP information?
1- trunking mode - 2-trunk encapsulation - 3-native VLAN - 4-allowed VLAN
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy

17. What contains the next-hop entries?
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active
FIB
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)
They should be an unconditional Etherchannel because the WLC can't negotiate a channel.

18. How should the switch port to which a WLC be configured?
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries
The total delay from start to finish
Multicasts to 224.0.0.18 (VRRP)
Trunk

19. How is an instance defined?
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table
By encapsulating each frame in a header and trailer
Single instance of STP for all VLANs. BDPUs are sent over trunks using the native VLAN with untagged frames. Dot1q based

20. What is the STP disabled state?
Differentiated services
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries
Admin down
On all switches in network to enable RLQ request and reply

21. What are the 2 UDLD modes?
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets
A port can only forward or relay BDPUs - but can't receive them - disabled by default - enabled per-port - blocks port when superior BDPUs are received
Normal and aggressive
The RP listens to a flow's 1st packet for the dest. The SE listens to the packet and dest and puts a shortcut in the MSL cache. Netflow switching - route once - switch many

22. How does uplinkfast handle changes in topology?
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings

23. Where does VRRP send advertisements?
Multicasts to 224.0.0.18 (VRRP)
Cisco recommends only on the root bridge
1 -2 -5.5 and 11 Mbps - Channels 1/6/11 - 2.4Ghz
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary

24. What is the standard for WLANs?
802.11
Yes
19
SC fiber or RJ-45

25. What is GLBP weight?
300 sec
Only when a nonedge port transitions to forwarding
RPR - RPR+ - and SSO
By default weight is 100. Can be made dynamic per interface

26. What is an MST instance?
The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance
Hold time is 3xhello. A skew time of 256ms-routerpriority)/256ms is added
No
Within a single MST region - an IST instances runs to work out a loop free topology between links where CST meets the region boundary and all switches in the region. It runs at the boundary.

27. What are the characteristics of the access layer?
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM
0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is six 0 bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group numberr. Yyyy is the virtual forwarder number
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it

28. What is the traditional MLS view of switching?
Route once - switch many
Port with redundant - but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary
The master router can share the VIP

29. can root guard and loop guard be used together
MAC of the end device
LWAPP (Cisco proprietary) and CAP-WAP (standards based)
A port can only forward or relay BDPUs - but can't receive them - disabled by default - enabled per-port - blocks port when superior BDPUs are received
No

30. How do you configure LACP standby links?
Either desirable or auto mode
The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance
Stateful switchover - redundant sup is fully booted and init'd. Both start and run config are synched as is L2 information - and switchinterfaces.
LACP port priority

31. What is route caching?

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32. How does HSRP election work?
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker
On root - because the root bridge propagates timers with config BDPU
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.
By short-circuiting the max age timer

33. How does RSTP converge?
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves
1-LAP gets a DHCP address - 2-LAP learns IP of available WLC - 3-LAP sends a join request to WLC and receives join reply - 4-WLC sends code image - if necessary - 5-Tunnels are created
Lowest cumulative cost to root
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds

34. What are the 2 power over ethernet methods?
0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is six 0 bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group numberr. Yyyy is the virtual forwarder number
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance
Cisco ILP and 802.3af
1 per segment

35. Where shoul dmultilayer switches be implemented?
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
Distribution layer
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over specified VLAN - voice QOS is 802.1p
It updates the L2 headers with the proper src and dst MAC - L3 TTL - L3 checksum - and L2 checksum information

36. If a wireless station needs to transmit and another device is transmitting - what happens?
Cisco recommends only on the root bridge
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
Immediate (class 2)
Limits the number if dhcp requests on a port

37. How much overlap should WAPs have?
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP
1-name the chain - 2-establish a key number - 3-create the key string - 4-apply the chain to the string
10-15%

38. How do you configure DAI for statically configured IP addresses?
Automatically by duplex mode in use. Full duplex are point ot point. Half duplex ports use traditional 802.1D convergence is used.
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings
Change in trunk encap
No

39. How is an RSTP edge port configured
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)
Compatible with 802.11b - up to 54Mbps in 12 data rates - 3 channels - 2.4Ghz
With portfast
By creating a static IP binding

40. What is the access layer best practice?
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.
Trunk
Auto mode
Regions and instances

41. What is a drop adjacency?

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42. When are RSTP bdpus sent?
Root
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials
Every hello interval regardless of whether BDPUs are received from root - allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings

43. How does NSF work?
Gets assistance from other NSF-aware neighbors. NSF features need to be built into the routing protocols on router needing and providing assistance
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset
No

44. How does an LAP bind with a WLC?
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number
The frame tag includes a 3 bit COS value from 0 (low) to 7 (high). Native vlans are untagged so no COS
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.

45. How does a LAP and a WLC authenticate between each other?
Incoming frames dropped - but MACs learned
Using digital certificates
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10
10-15%

46. What are the steps to configuring HSRP MD5 authentication?
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy
Using a mobility exchange message
1-name the chain - 2-establish a key number - 3-create the key string - 4-apply the chain to the string

47. What is the IEEE standard for STP?
802.1D
Disabled - blocking - listening - learning - forwarding
With the skinny protocol
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.

48. How many virtual MACs can GLBP have?
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses
Up to 4 can be used in a group. Called active virtual forwarders (AVF)
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state
Src-dst-ip

49. Where are security and QoS ACLs stored?
Used to switch packets destined for the null interface
0-255
TCAM
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port

50. What 2 tunnelling mechanisms do the LAP and WLC use to communicate?
The port asks the other end to trunk
1-(opt) configure load balancing - 2-select the interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-select the mode and submode
LWAPP (Cisco proprietary) and CAP-WAP (standards based)
A key string of up to 8 characters is sent. Default is cisco.