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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is a proxy arp?

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2. What data does DHCP snooping track?
Port with redundant - but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.
1-(opt) set system priority - 2-select interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-set the mode - 5-(opt) set the port priority
Root - designated - alternate - and backup

3. What does uplinkfast do?
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses
Enables switches at the end of the spanning tree branches to have a functioning root port while keeping 1 or more redundant potential ports in blocking mode. When the main fails - the other comes up.

4. What does the dst-mac option do when checking ARP replies
Sends a voltage across the receive pairs to detect a 25k ohm resistance
Checks the destination MAC in the header against the target MAC in the ARP reply
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries
Per-port or globally for all fiber-optic ports. Can be enabled globally - but will only affect fiber ports

5. What is the traditional MLS view of switching?
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries
Route once - switch many
224.0.0.2 (all routers)
134 bits

6. How are BDPUs spread?
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
They disguise the origin of an attack
0000.5e00.01xx
Trusted or untrusted

7. What is the cost of a 100Mbps link?
Compatible with 802.11b - up to 54Mbps in 12 data rates - 3 channels - 2.4Ghz
Manually
As a VLAN access map
19

8. RSTP discarding state
Between interfaces that are assigned to L2 VLANs or L2 trunks
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)
No
The distribution layer should have only L3 links

9. How does uplinkfast handle changes in topology?
Only for trusted Cisco gear - especially phones
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)
All ports where root isn't expected

10. What are the PAgP negotiation modes
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)
Single instance of STP for all VLANs. BDPUs are sent over trunks using the native VLAN with untagged frames. Dot1q based
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)
Each physical interface has a different IP address. All physical interfaces point to a virtual interface called the standby address or VIP

11. What cabling do GBICs use?
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack
Hashing algorithm
Port is forced to never authorize any connected client
SC fiber or RJ-45

12. What is the GLBP group and priority range
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)
2-8 FE - GE - or 10GE are bundled.
Causes switch to actively determine whether alternative paths exist to root bridge in case ther eis an indirect failure
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP

13. What happens when the topology changes?

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14. What is the distribution layer best practice?
Prevents the dhcp binding DB from being checked.
The distribution layer should have only L3 links
Checks the sender's ip in all arp requests and checks the sender's IP against target IP in all replies
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies

15. How does DSCP handle IP precedence?
Either desirable or auto mode
5 classes with 3 drop precedences
134 bits
2 - one for control messages and one for data

16. How do you configure LACP standby links?
Configuration and TCN
LACP port priority
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings
Almost eliminates listening and learning states for single hosts on an access link

17. What is a topology change?
MAC addresses are learned from the source MAC of incoming frames. If the destination address is unknown - the frame is flooded out all except the receiving port.
A group of wireless devices that share a common SSID
Trusted ports
When a port moves into forwarding or from fowarding or learning to blocking.

18. How should the switch port to which an autonomous AP be configured?
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge
By using a hash of a key string
Trunk
Allows devices to interoperate with PVST and CST. Can use both dot1q and ISL

19. How doed backbonefast work?
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
Each network device handles packets individually with no advance reservations
Used when ACLs specify port ranges...used by TCAM
By short-circuiting the max age timer

20. What is an MST instance?
The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP
Can send and receive BDPUs

21. What is the format of the VRRP virtual MAC?
Per-port or globally for all fiber-optic ports. Can be enabled globally - but will only affect fiber ports
0000.5e00.01xx
Checks the source MAC in the header against the sender MAC in the ARP reply
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk

22. What is the STP disabled state?
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP
Admin down
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)
Limits the number if dhcp requests on a port

23. What is the STP blocking state?
Can hear only BDPUs
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
Dynamic arp inspection
That they aren't using the same frequencies.

24. What is Per VLAN STP (PVST)?
Local only
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies

25. What does port-security protect do?
Port stays up - packets from violating MACs dropped - no logging
By name - config revision - and instance to vlan mapping table
Only when a nonedge port transitions to forwarding
Dynamic WEP keys that change periodically

26. What happens when switches receive a configuration BDPU?
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
By creating a static IP binding
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)
1-(opt) configure load balancing - 2-select the interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-select the mode and submode

27. If the WLC connects to an Etherchannel - how should the channel be configured and why?

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28. What are the 5 STP states?
Distribution
Disabled - blocking - listening - learning - forwarding
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10

29. Can loop guard and udld be used together?
Every hello interval regardless of whether BDPUs are received from root - allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS
Cisco ILP and 802.3af
Yes

30. Where is bdpu guard enabled?
Real-time functions such as beacons and probes - encryption and interactions with the client at L2
All user ports that have portfast enabled
Hashing algorithm
Embeds the tag within the frame

31. How are multiple VLANs mapped to multiple SSIDs?
Single instance of STP for all VLANs. BDPUs are sent over trunks using the native VLAN with untagged frames. Dot1q based
FE and GE
By using a trunk link
Port with alternative path to root less desirable than root

32. What are the characteristics of the distribution layer?
Aggregation - high L3 throughput - security and policy based connectivity functions through access lists and packet filters - QoS - scalable high-speed links
Data and voice over native vlan no QOS and no 802.1p trunk
Port
Both layer 2 switching and IVR

33. What is arp throttling?
During the time that the FIB entry is in CEF glean waiting for ARP entries - subsequent packet to that host are dropped to keep input queues from filling
No shut
1 per segment
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds

34. How often are VRRP advertisements sent?
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine
L2
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master

35. What is the STP forwarding state?
802.1D
Globally or per-port
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack

36. How does GLBP work?
The point at which a switch decides to trust incoming Qos. Usually at boundary with ISP
With portfast
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance
Configuration and TCN

37. What is the standard for WLANs?
Disabled - blocking - listening - learning - forwarding
Show standby
Up to 4 can be used in a group. Called active virtual forwarders (AVF)
802.11

38. What is the STP listening state?
Globally
Access or trunk
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
Can send and receive BDPUs

39. One vlan should =
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate
1 IP subnet
The redundant SUP is booted and sup and route engine is init'd. No L2 or L3 functions are started. Allows switchports to retain state
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better

40. What is an ESS?
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another
802.11

41. What happens when an ARP reply is received on an untrusted port?

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42. WPA encryption
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker
Interim solution - uses same hardware as WEP - but uses TKIP encryption
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured
Can hear only BDPUs

43. What is the STP forward delay timer?
Normal and aggressive
A key string of up to 8 characters is sent. Default is cisco.
RADIUS
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds

44. What is the LACP priority range?
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability
Each network device handles packets individually with no advance reservations
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole

45. What if RSTP BDPUs aren't received?
Silent
Switches make an effort to move packets as quickly as possible
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged

46. When looking at the sh spanning tree output - What does P2P denote?
A point to point port type
Both ends should be on because on modes doesn't send PAgP or LACP packets
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack
Distribution layer

47. What is the adjacency table?
1 per segment
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy
Roughly 2000

48. How do IP phones communicate with each other?
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP
Port stays up - packets from violating MACs dropped - no logging
Used to switch packets that can't be forwarded normallly due to an encapsulation failure - unresolved address - unsupported protocol - etc.
Show standby

49. What is the access layer best practice?
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.
4
A host port goes up or down
They should be an unconditional Etherchannel because the WLC can't negotiate a channel.

50. where does L2 switching occur?
Cisco recommends only on the root bridge
2
0-255
Between interfaces that are assigned to L2 VLANs or L2 trunks