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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the steps to configure MST?
1- enable MST - 2-enter MST config mode - 3-assign region name and region configuration rev - 4-map vlans to an MSTI - 5-show pending changes - 6- commit by exiting
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.
Yes
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another

2. What are spoofed addresses?
The configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay
They disguise the origin of an attack
Half-duplex
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet

3. What is the default MTU?
1500B
One that can be detected on a switch interface (ie. Up/down)
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen

4. How does PAgP form etherchannels?
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan
Edge - root - and point to point
Root
Only on ports that have same static VLANs or trunking. It also modifies parameters of the channel if one of the ports is modified

5. What is a CEF glean?

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6. How does HSRP election work?
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker
1 -2 -5.5 and 11 Mbps - Channels 1/6/11 - 2.4Ghz
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan

7. What does port-security protect do?
Port stays up - packets from violating MACs dropped - no logging
To the virtual port-channel interface
The priority is a 2 byte value followed by the MAC that decides which ports are actively participating in Etherchannel (lower=higher priority)
Enables switches at the end of the spanning tree branches to have a functioning root port while keeping 1 or more redundant potential ports in blocking mode. When the main fails - the other comes up.

8. How are GLBP timers used?
1-(opt) configure load balancing - 2-select the interface(s) - 3-assign the protocol - 4-select the mode and submode
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec
Should be used on access switches - can't be used on root - keeps enabled switch from becoming root by raising priority of switch and all ports - making them undesirable
All L2 connectivity should be contained within the access layer.

9. How does a LAP and a WLC authenticate between each other?
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC
Using digital certificates
One router is the active virtual gateway - has highest priority or IP in group - answers all ARP requests and gives MAC based on load balancing
They should be an unconditional Etherchannel because the WLC can't negotiate a channel.

10. What is Per VLAN STP (PVST)?
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)
0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is six 0 bits followed by a 10-bit GLBP group numberr. Yyyy is the virtual forwarder number
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q
A host port goes up or down

11. Can MSTP interoperate with 802.1q and/or PVST+?
Trusted ports
1500B
Yes to both
Manually

12. Where does layer switching occur?
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port
0-255
Between any type of interface as long as the interface can have an L3 address assigned

13. What are the 3 unlicensed frequencies?
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions
Disabled - blocking - listening - learning - forwarding
Create 2 hsrp groups - each with the active router being different switches - then have clients point to each
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz

14. Where should STP timers be configured and why?
L2
0-255
On root - because the root bridge propagates timers with config BDPU
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM

15. How many virtual MACs can GLBP have?
By short-circuiting the max age timer
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group
Up to 4 can be used in a group. Called active virtual forwarders (AVF)
2 seconds

16. How does NSF work?
Between any type of interface as long as the interface can have an L3 address assigned
Configuration and TCN
Used to switch packets destined for the null interface
Gets assistance from other NSF-aware neighbors. NSF features need to be built into the routing protocols on router needing and providing assistance

17. What is the bridge priority range?
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal
Flash override (class 4)
1-client sends DHCP discover as broadcast - 2-DHCP server sends DHCP offer - client sends DHCP Request - DHCP server sends DHCP ack

18. What cabling do GBICs use?
SC fiber or RJ-45
FE and GE
Use the spanning-tree root macro
Bridge priority and MAC

19. What is an IBSS?
A single broadcast domain
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP
VTP server for domain null with no password or secure mode

20. What do you need to determine to use MSTP?
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block
FIB

21. How is RSTP synchronization accomplished?
Disabled - blocking - listening - learning - forwarding
Silent
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root
A port can only forward or relay BDPUs - but can't receive them - disabled by default - enabled per-port - blocks port when superior BDPUs are received

22. How does HSRP gateway addressing work
802.11
They disguise the origin of an attack
Each physical interface has a different IP address. All physical interfaces point to a virtual interface called the standby address or VIP
An AP's coverage area

23. What are the RSTP port states?
Discarding - learning - forwarding
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10
Yes to both
The TOS field in the header is used. 2 methods 3 bits or 6 bits

24. What is 802.1x auto?
The TOS field in the header is used. 2 methods 3 bits or 6 bits
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary
That they aren't using the same frequencies.
The port uses 802.1x exchange to move from unauthorized to authorized. Requires app on client

25. If you want IP source guard to detect spoofed MAC addresses - what must you do?
Port stays up - packets from violating MACs dropped - no logging
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated
Turn on port security

26. How often are VRRP advertisements sent?
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal
A port can only forward or relay BDPUs - but can't receive them - disabled by default - enabled per-port - blocks port when superior BDPUs are received
Very high L3 throughput - no access lists or port filtering - redundancy and resilience - advanced QoS

27. How long are TCAM masks?
134 bits
Trunk
Show standby
Using digital certificates

28. What is DSCP codepoint AF41(34)?
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries
Globally
That they aren't using the same frequencies.
Flash override (class 4)

29. How is root port decided upon?
Matching SSID - compatible data rate - authentication credentials
Group (0-255) - priority (1-254 254 is highest - 100 default)
Lowest cumulative cost to root
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance

30. What is SSO?

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31. Define GLBP
1- inferior BDPU on blocked-considered alternative - 2-inferior on root-all blocked ports considered alternate - 3-if inferior arrives on root and no blocked ports - assumes loss of connectivity to root
Gateway load balancing protocol - cisco proprietary
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
Access

32. How many MST instances can be in a region?
Per VLAN
The RP listens to a flow's 1st packet for the dest. The SE listens to the packet and dest and puts a shortcut in the MSL cache. Netflow switching - route once - switch many
16 - IST gets MSTI 0 - 1-15 are available for use. MSTIs are locally significant to the MST region
Multicasts to 224.0.0.18 (VRRP)

33. By default - what submode does PAgP operate in with the desirable and auto modes?
It is enabled by default on all CEF capable switches
Using digital certificates
Per VLAN
Silent

34. What is the acceptible range of VLANS?
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies
1-enable AAA on switch - 2-define RADIUS servers - 3-define authentication method - 4-enable 802.1x on switch - 5-conf. 802.1x ports - 6-allow hosts
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced

35. What are the 4 steps to extend QoS trust?
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC
The ASIC
Yes

36. Which ports should you consider trusted for DAI?
Single instance of STP for all VLANs. BDPUs are sent over trunks using the native VLAN with untagged frames. Dot1q based
By sending a gratuitous ARP
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP
Those that connect to other switches

37. How do IP phones communicate with each other?
Automatically using DTP and CDP
Once the CCM gives them the parameters - they use RTP
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack
Either desirable or auto mode

38. What is a proxy arp?

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39. What is a cell?

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40. What is an indirect topology change?
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic
The port will operate under 802.1D rules. If they are received on the same port - it will run 802.1D until the migration delay expires
Port stays up - packets from violating MACs dropped - no logging
Turn on port security

41. Define HSRP
Interim solution - uses same hardware as WEP - but uses TKIP encryption
Two distribution switches that aggregate one or more access switches
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen

42. What is the default mode of load balancing?
On root - because the root bridge propagates timers with config BDPU
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table
Src-dst-ip
A point to point port type but the neighboring device runs traditional 802.1D STP

43. What is a BSS?
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.
Per-port or globally for all fiber-optic ports. Can be enabled globally - but will only affect fiber ports

44. How does IPT behave when the voice VLAN is in dot1p mode?
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic
Access or trunk
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - pretty much the same as HSRP
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over VLAN0 - voice QOS is 802.1p

45. What are the restrictions for bundling into an Etherchannel?
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings
Collision domain
Very high L3 throughput - no access lists or port filtering - redundancy and resilience - advanced QoS
The topology is pre-populated by downloading the topology DB into the FIB and dynamically updated. Called Cisco Express Forwarding

46. How does an L2 switch do QOS?
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk
2
Globally or per-port
First configure a L3 interface in same VLAN as clients - then use the ip helper-address command to ID the DHCP server

47. How does dot1q do trunking?
Embeds the tag within the frame
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
Should be used on access switches - can't be used on root - keeps enabled switch from becoming root by raising priority of switch and all ports - making them undesirable
Trunk

48. How much overlap should a wireless repeater have?
19
The frame tag contains a 3 but portion tagged from 0 (low) to 7 (high)
1500B
Roughly 50%

49. How many users should be within a switch block?
A single broadcast domain
The master router can share the VIP
A port can only forward or relay BDPUs - but can't receive them - disabled by default - enabled per-port - blocks port when superior BDPUs are received
Roughly 2000

50. What is latency?
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better
0000.5e00.01xx
The total delay from start to finish