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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is PVST plus (PVST+)?
Real-time functions such as beacons and probes - encryption and interactions with the client at L2
Allows devices to interoperate with PVST and CST. Can use both dot1q and ISL
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary

2. What is layer 2 roaming?
A key string of up to 8 characters is sent. Default is cisco.
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet
Port is forced to never authorize any connected client
A MAC is seen on a different port

3. What are the steps to configuring HSRP MD5 authentication?
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
1-name the chain - 2-establish a key number - 3-create the key string - 4-apply the chain to the string
Listens to the first packet going to router and away from the router. If it can switch in both directions - it learns a shortcut path so subsequent packets can be switched without the RP
802.1D

4. How does every VRRP command begin?
The same as a standby group in HSRP
During the time that the FIB entry is in CEF glean waiting for ARP entries - subsequent packet to that host are dropped to keep input queues from filling
Transmits keystrokes from phone and commands from CCM
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number

5. What is DAI?
Each physical interface has a different IP address. All physical interfaces point to a virtual interface called the standby address or VIP
Access or trunk
A host port goes up or down
Dynamic arp inspection

6. What is the default network diameter?
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.
LACP port priority
7 switches from root bridge
Globally or per-port

7. What are TCAM entries composed of?
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk
Normal and aggressive
The port asks the other end to trunk
Value - mask - and result (VMR) combinations

8. What is the STP disabled state?
The redundant SUP is booted and sup and route engine is init'd. No L2 or L3 functions are started. Allows switchports to retain state
Trusted ports
The total delay from start to finish
Admin down

9. Where is bdpu guard enabled?
All user ports that have portfast enabled
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds
Value - mask - and result (VMR) combinations
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active

10. What is an untrusted port under dhcp snooping?
Port with best root path cost on segment
The point at which a switch decides to trust incoming Qos. Usually at boundary with ISP
Any dhcp reply coming from an untrusted port is discarded and the offending port is put in errdisable
12 kbps with headers and compression

11. What is the size of ISL encapsulation?
Both layer 2 switching and IVR
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state
26-byte header - 4-byte trailer with CRC
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry

12. What is the STP hello timer?
Bridge priority and MAC
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port
On by default

13. How does HSRP plain text authentication work?
A key string of up to 8 characters is sent. Default is cisco.
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.
The switch adds its MAC to the option 82 field so that the DHCP reply echoes back the switch's own information

14. What are 2 ways to configure VLAN and VTP information?
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number
Weak key rotation
Global config (vlan - vtp mode - and vtp domain) and VLAN DB mode commands. Global config is preferred because VLAN DB mode commands are legacy
802.11

15. What do you need to determine to use MSTP?
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
Will trunk if asked
Priority (class 1)
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance

16. What happens if both 802.1D and RSTP BDPUs are received?
The port will operate under 802.1D rules. If they are received on the same port - it will run 802.1D until the migration delay expires
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network
Switching Database Manager - configures and prunes TCAM partitions
1-ID link path costs - 2-ID roodt bridge - 3-select root port (1/switch) - 4-select designated port (1/segment) - 5-ID blocking port

17. What's the easiest way to configure GLBP timers?
Automatically negotiates a common trunk mode between switches
Only a single host connects . If one BDPU is received - it is no longer an edge port
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate

18. What does BDPU filtering do?
No
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports
Yes

19. What is dynamic auto?
Flash override (class 4)
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.
Will trunk if asked
Turn on port security

20. Whan is a 10GE WAN PHY?
No
Port is forced to never authorize any connected client
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value
Connects with SONET or SDH

21. What does UDLD do?
Protects STP when a physical malfunction only allows traffic in 1 direction - even though the link shows as up (cisco proprietary)
Manually
Differentiated services
1500B

22. How does adding option-82 to DHCP snooping affect things?

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23. What does the static keyword do when applying an arp ACL?
Prevents the dhcp binding DB from being checked.
Root
Every switch and router in a network must be configured with appropriate QoS features and policies
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker

24. What is SSO?

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25. What is a drop adjacency?

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26. How does a Cisco IP phone connect upstream?
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number
Via an 802.1Q trunk or a single VLAN access port
Cisco ILP and 802.3af
Backbonefast uses RLQ to determine if upstream switches have stable connections to root bridge

27. What is accelerated CEF (aCEF)?
Create 2 hsrp groups - each with the active router being different switches - then have clients point to each
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured
CEF is distributed across multiple L3 forwarding engines - typically on Catalyst 6500 line cards each having only a subset
With portfast

28. What does MSTP consist of?
Cisco proprietary. 1 instance of STP/VLAN. Requires ISL instead of dot1q
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)
Regions and instances
4

29. What is errdisable pagp-flap?
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions
A port can only forward or relay BDPUs - but can't receive them - disabled by default - enabled per-port - blocks port when superior BDPUs are received
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config
Tracks of BDPUs on nondesignated ports. When those BDPUs stop coming - the port is put into loop-inconsistent state and blocks

30. What are the 3 unlicensed frequencies?
Regions and instances
If a proposal is received - the recipient isolates - all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch - which propagates out in waves
Data and voice over native vlan no QOS and no 802.1p trunk
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz

31. What is the duration time in a wireless frame?
Yes to both
Each frame transmits its expected duration time
Reboots and searches for a new WLC
Very high L3 throughput - no access lists or port filtering - redundancy and resilience - advanced QoS

32. What is the GLBP redirect timer?
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies
The port will operate under 802.1D rules. If they are received on the same port - it will run 802.1D until the migration delay expires
Real-time functions such as beacons and probes - encryption and interactions with the client at L2
Priority (class 1)

33. How does ISL handle COS?
The frame tag contains a 3 but portion tagged from 0 (low) to 7 (high)
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)
The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance

34. How is DHCP snooping enabled (scope)?
Globally
0-255
Cisco recommends only on the root bridge
It's a router that maintains routes (static or dynamic) - and populates the FIB

35. How does DAI work?
The distribution layer should have only L3 links
Configuration and TCN
MAC addresses are learned from the source MAC of incoming frames. If the destination address is unknown - the frame is flooded out all except the receiving port.
All ARP packets that arrive on untrusted ports are inspected.

36. How far chould a VLAN extend?
Distribution layer
Cisco recommends only on the root bridge
A point to point port type
Used to switch packets that can't be forwarded normallly due to an encapsulation failure - unresolved address - unsupported protocol - etc.

37. If a wireless station needs to transmit and no other device is transmitting - what happens?
It's a router that maintains routes (static or dynamic) - and populates the FIB
Auto mode
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack

38. What is UDLD normal mode?
If a unidirectional link is detected - the port continues normally - but the port is marked as undetermined and a syslog is generated
They shorten their bridge table aging times from default (300sec) to the fowarding delay (15 sec)
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state
Create 2 hsrp groups - each with the active router being different switches - then have clients point to each

39. How is the HSRP MAC address configured?
Use the spanning-tree root macro
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value
Compatible with 802.11b - up to 54Mbps in 12 data rates - 3 channels - 2.4Ghz
1 per segment

40. What does a LAP do if it loses communication with it's WLC?
An L2 switch can only forward frames best effort unless going across a trunk
7 switches from root bridge
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.
Reboots and searches for a new WLC

41. What 2 tunnelling mechanisms do the LAP and WLC use to communicate?
1 to 64
300 sec by default
Option 43
LWAPP (Cisco proprietary) and CAP-WAP (standards based)

42. How much overlap should a wireless repeater have?
Roughly 50%
The port will operate under 802.1D rules. If they are received on the same port - it will run 802.1D until the migration delay expires
300 sec
If the client maintains the same IP address as it roams between Aps. All must have same VLAN - SSID - and subnet

43. If one end of an Etherchannel (either type) is set to on and the channel doesn't form - what should you check?

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44. At what layer does EAPOL run?
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack
Hosts within a secondary can communicate with each other and with the primary - but not with another secondary vlan
The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance
L2

45. What is the FM?
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions
Nonstop forwarding is an interactive method focusing on rebuilding the RIB after SUP switchover

46. What is the cost of a 100Mbps link?
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
1 -2 -5.5 and 11 Mbps - Channels 1/6/11 - 2.4Ghz
19
Roughly 50%

47. How is an RSTP edge port configured
With portfast
SC fiber or RJ-45
Immediate (class 2)
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen

48. What is the acceptible range of VLANS?
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port
Embeds the tag within the frame

49. How are BDPUs spread?
The total delay from start to finish
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
0000.5e00.01xx
300 sec by default

50. What is the STP learning state?
After forwarding delay - port can learn new MAC addresses
Differentiated services code point
By sending a gratuitous ARP
Checks the destination MAC in the header against the target MAC in the ARP reply