CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Can loop guard and udld be used together?
Yes
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)
Differentiated services
5 classes with 3 drop precedences


2. How does HSRP election work?
CEF is distributed completely among multiple L3 forwarding engines.
Promiscuous and host
Based on priority (0-255). Default is 100. Highest IP is tie breaker
1-LAP gets a DHCP address - 2-LAP learns IP of available WLC - 3-LAP sends a join request to WLC and receives join reply - 4-WLC sends code image - if necessary - 5-Tunnels are created


3. RSTP BPDU structure
Should be used on access switches - can't be used on root - keeps enabled switch from becoming root by raising priority of switch and all ports - making them undesirable
Interim solution - uses same hardware as WEP - but uses TKIP encryption
Some unused bits are used to allow a port to identify its role and state. Also the BDPUs state that they are V2 BDPUs
Admin down


4. What is the STP forward delay timer?
The time that a port spends in both listening and learning states . Default 15 seconds
Route once - switch many
PAgP (Cisco proprietary) and LACP (standards-based)
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.


5. How are BDPUs spread?
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz
Differentiated services
0000.0c07.acxx where xx is the group number as a 2-digit hex value
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00


6. How does UDLD work?
Tracks of BDPUs on nondesignated ports. When those BDPUs stop coming - the port is put into loop-inconsistent state and blocks
Nonstop forwarding is an interactive method focusing on rebuilding the RIB after SUP switchover
Sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD
On the left as you face the connector


7. How do you show HSRP status
Port stays up - but packets from violating MACs are dropped. Switch logs violating packets
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
Show standby
A port can only forward or relay BDPUs - but can't receive them - disabled by default - enabled per-port - blocks port when superior BDPUs are received


8. How can you tell if a switch block is too large?
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains
Routers at the distribution layer become the bottlenecks or broadcast or multicast traffic slows the switches in the switch block
Admin down
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries


9. What is the format of the VRRP virtual MAC?
The campus network's backbone
0000.5e00.01xx
Manages addition - deletion and renaming VLANs across the network
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.


10. What is the cost of a 1Gbps link?
The standby becomes active and stays active by default. Preemption can be configured
4
A host port goes up or down
Source IP and MAC must match those addresses learned by DHCP snooping or a static entry


11. Where is the QoS trust boundary usually configured on an IP phone?
Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance
Usually QoS from VOIP but not PC dataa
Disabled - init - listen - speak - standby - active
The time interval that a switch stores a DBPU before discarding it. Default 20 seconds


12. What are the port channel load balancing methods?
2 strand MMF with MT-RJ or SC connectors
Src-ip - dst-ip - src-dst-ip - src-mac - dst-mac - src-dst-mac - src-port - dst-port - src-dst-port
Can send and receive BDPUs
1- enable qos - 2-define qos parameters to be trusted - 3-make trust conditional - 4-instruct IP phone how to extnd boundary


13. How are VACLs applied
Configuration and TCN
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)
Only the standby monitors the hello messages from the active router
The configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay


14. What is a discard adjacency?
L2
Packets are discarded due to an ACL or policy action
The wireless clients communicate directly with no other means of connectivity such as a WAP
Yes to both


15. what if a secondary VLAN?
Yes
5 (0-4 with 4 being the highest)
Weak key rotation
Hosts associated with a secondary VLAN can communicate with ports on the primary but not with another secondary VLAN


16. What are the steps to configuring HSRP MD5 authentication?
Half-duplex
802.11
1-name the chain - 2-establish a key number - 3-create the key string - 4-apply the chain to the string
Either desirable or auto mode


17. What is the default network diameter?
Gets assistance from other NSF-aware neighbors. NSF features need to be built into the routing protocols on router needing and providing assistance
7 switches from root bridge
1-enable AAA on switch - 2-define RADIUS servers - 3-define authentication method - 4-enable 802.1x on switch - 5-conf. 802.1x ports - 6-allow hosts
1500B


18. What is route caching?

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19. How often are VRRP advertisements sent?
Connects with SONET or SDH
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
When a specific interface is tracked - HSRP reduces it's priority after a specified interval.
300 sec by default


20. Which fiber is the receive?
1- inferior BDPU on blocked-considered alternative - 2-inferior on root-all blocked ports considered alternate - 3-if inferior arrives on root and no blocked ports - assumes loss of connectivity to root
On the left as you face the connector
Local only
Gets assistance from other NSF-aware neighbors. NSF features need to be built into the routing protocols on router needing and providing assistance


21. How are errdisable triggers tuned?
Globally
The campus network's backbone
Immediate (class 2)
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced


22. What does the switchport host macro do?
134 bits - consisting of source and destination addresses and protocol information from the packet or frame
Admin down
As a VLAN access map
Sets the switchport mode to access - enables portfast - and turns off channel grouping for the port


23. What if RSTP BDPUs aren't received?
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged
1- root bridge is elected - 2-the state of eery switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state
On the left as you face the connector
Time between BDPUs sent by root bridge. Default of 2 seconds


24. What are the caveats for HSRP port tracking?
Configuration and TCN
Another router must have a higher HSRP priority and have preemt set up
Create 2 hsrp groups - each with the active router being different switches - then have clients point to each
Very high L3 throughput - no access lists or port filtering - redundancy and resilience - advanced QoS


25. How do you configure DAI for statically configured IP addresses?
Used to switch packets that can't be forwarded normallly due to an encapsulation failure - unresolved address - unsupported protocol - etc.
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.
Between any type of interface as long as the interface can have an L3 address assigned
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings


26. What are the 3 unlicensed frequencies?
Critical...used most often for IPT
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz
16 - of which up to 8 are active. The others are in standby
FIB


27. How does adding option-82 to DHCP snooping affect things?

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28. What does the static keyword do when applying an arp ACL?
Port with best root path cost
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.
Prevents the dhcp binding DB from being checked.
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic


29. Where is UDLD enabled?
The ASIC
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)
They must be carried over a voice VLAN (VVID) or over a regular data VLAN (ie. The native VLAN or the PVID)
No shut


30. Define HSRP
Port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port
Differentiated services code point
Traffic types and patterns - amount of L3 switching cap. At dist. Layer - # users at access layer - geography - size of spanning tree domains
Host Standby Router protocol. Cisco proprietary. Switch is either active - standby - or listen


31. What is the GLBP redirect timer?
0-65535 (def 32768) lower=better
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config
Configure the timer on the AVG and let it propagate
Determines when the AVG will stop using the old VMAC in ARP replies


32. Which ports should you consider trusted for DAI?
Trusted ports
Regions and instances
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group
Those that connect to other switches


33. What is the default 802.3af power class and its use?

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34. What is 802.1x auto?
Configure and enable DHCP snooping
The port uses 802.1x exchange to move from unauthorized to authorized. Requires app on client
The L3 forwarding engine can't forward the packet in hardware because there is no L2 next-hop address - so the packet is sent to the L3 engine to generate the ARP response
Regions and instances


35. What is the acceptible range of VLANS?
Per-port or globally for all fiber-optic ports. Can be enabled globally - but will only affect fiber ports
Data goes over native vlan - voice goes over specified VLAN - voice QOS is 802.1p
MAC addresses are learned from the source MAC of incoming frames. If the destination address is unknown - the frame is flooded out all except the receiving port.
1-1005 (1 and 1002-1005 are reserved)


36. What address does HSRP send hello packets to?
Either desirable or auto mode
224.0.0.2 (all routers)
No
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root


37. What routing protocols support NSF?
The redundant SUP is booted and sup and route engine is init'd. No L2 or L3 functions are started. Allows switchports to retain state
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.
Within a single MST region - an IST instances runs to work out a loop free topology between links where CST meets the region boundary and all switches in the region. It runs at the boundary.
3 seconds. Holdtime =3 hellos + 1


38. What is a proxy arp?

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39. What is the port number range?
Multicast to 01-80-c2-00-00-00
0-255
When the size of a cell is intentionally reduced
Plain text or md5


40. What does the RP do?
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it
When the AP uplinks to an Ethernet network.
Automatically using DTP and CDP


41. How often are CAM table entries aged?
Between interfaces that are assigned to L2 VLANs or L2 trunks
Connects to a host on an isolated or community vlan. Communicates only with promiscuous port or ports on same community vlan
The link status stays up - but something between them has failed or is filtering traffic
300 sec


42. CAM table entries are purged when....
2 seconds (def)
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.
A MAC is seen on a different port
Source IP - dest IP - combination of source and dest IP - source and dest MAC - or TCP/UDP port numbers


43. What is an end to end vlan?
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric
1 IP subnet
The active router. All other routers are in backup state
0-255 (lower is better)


44. If a wireless station needs to transmit and no other device is transmitting - what happens?
The station can transmit immediately and wait for an ack
Receives the first packet of a traffic flow and routes it
Per VLAN
A path is pre-arranged for priority along the complete path from source to destination using the RSVP protocol.


45. What does the version number indicate when looking at CEF entries?
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated
Option 43
For hosts that doesn't understand routing - the DGW is configured to reply with its own mac
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)


46. What is the core block?

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47. How much BW does a voip connection use?
Effectively stops STP on filtered ports
12 kbps with headers and compression
Either desirable or auto mode
Because each frame is checked


48. What is the STP forwarding state?
802.1x with EAP over LAN (EAPOL)
Switch(config-if)# glbp xx where xx = group number
After another forwarding delay - the port can send and receive data frames - collect MAC addresses - and send and receove BDPUs
L2


49. How does HSRP do MD5 authentication?
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number
1/2 and 3/6
By using a hash of a key string


50. How does the CEF L3 engine operate?

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