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CCNP Switch Deck

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the 3 unlicensed frequencies?
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz
No shut
When a client roams between Aps in different subnets
If three are missed in a row - the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged

2. What are the two private vlan association modes?
Promiscuous and host
If a unidirectional link is detected - the switch doesn't try to reestablish the link. ULD msgs are sent once/sec for 8 seconds - then the port is err-disabled
1 second. Backup routers can learn the interval from the master
Hold time is 3xhello. A skew time of 256ms-routerpriority)/256ms is added

3. What are the RSTP port states?
Any ports associated with an isolated vlan can reach the primary - but not any other secondary. Hosts withn an isolated vlan can't reach each other
Discarding - learning - forwarding
The port will operate under 802.1D rules. If they are received on the same port - it will run 802.1D until the migration delay expires
A packet can't be switched in hardware with the FIB and must go to the L3 engine

4. What is the LACP priority range?
300 sec
Priority (class 1)
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability

5. How is UDLD configured?
Usually QoS from VOIP but not PC dataa
Yes
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
Per-port or globally for all fiber-optic ports. Can be enabled globally - but will only affect fiber ports

6. What do you need to determine to use MSTP?
Group (0-1023) priority (1-255 higher better def 100)
Untrusted
The number of STP instances needed ot support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance
7 switches from root bridge

7. How does every VRRP command begin?
Frames that barely exceed 1518B or 1622B due to headers
No
The number of times the entry has been updated since the table was generated
Switch(config-if)# vrrp xx where xx= group number

8. What does the epoch number indicate when looking at cef entries?
Limits the number if dhcp requests on a port
The number of times the CEF table has bee flushed and regenerated as a whole
12 kbps with headers and compression
The distribution layer should have only L3 links

9. How does ISL handle COS?
Must be same type - speed - VLAN(s) - native vlan - pass the same set of vlans -duplex - and spanning tree settings
900 MHz - 2.4Ghz - and 5-6GHz
The frame tag contains a 3 but portion tagged from 0 (low) to 7 (high)
Low cost - high density ports - multiple scalable uplinks - vlans - traffic and protocol filtering and QoS

10. What is a null adjacency?
1 per segment
Switchpotrt nonegotiate
Enables portfast - sets the port to access and disables PAgP
Used to switch packets destined for the null interface

11. What is BDPU Guard?
Roughly 50%
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state
Plain text or md5
The switch adds its MAC to the option 82 field so that the DHCP reply echoes back the switch's own information

12. What is UDLD aggressive mode?

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13. What is layer 3 roaming?
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec
2 - one for control messages and one for data
When a client roams between Aps in different subnets
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group

14. How is an RSTP edge port configured
A point to point port type but the neighboring device runs traditional 802.1D STP
With portfast
When a wireless station transmits a frame - the receiving one must send an ack
16 bits (8b port priority - 8b port number)

15. What is step 1 of enabling IP source guard?
Port with best root path cost on segment
By using an Ether-IP tunnel
Configure and enable DHCP snooping
Real-time functions such as beacons and probes - encryption and interactions with the client at L2

16. What is a topology change?
Turn on port security
Embeds the tag within the frame
Differentiated services
When a port moves into forwarding or from fowarding or learning to blocking.

17. If a wireless station needs to transmit and another device is transmitting - what happens?
Feature Manager - after the ACL is created - the FM compiles the ACEs into the table
L2
The station must wait until the frame in progress has completed - then wait a random amount of time before transmitting
On by default

18. What ILP mode are all ports in by default?
Auto mode
Root
Sends a voltage across the receive pairs to detect a 25k ohm resistance
No

19. What is errdisable pagp-flap?
To the virtual port-channel interface
No
Etherchannel ports have inconsistent config
Incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled - blocking - and listening)

20. How do you find duplex mismatches?
Only for the offending VLAN on the port
5 classes with 3 drop precedences
Priority (class 1)
Use sh interface on the interface and look for error counts > 10

21. What is a wireless mobility group?
A router keeps a routing table and an ARP table. The FIB combines them for every next-hop entry
Trusted or untrusted
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings
A client can roam to any WLC as long as it stays in a mobility group

22. What is a proxy arp?

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23. What is 802.1x force-authorized?
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.
1500B
The port is forced to always authorize any connected client with no authentication necessary (default)
From the DHCP snooping database or from static entries

24. What is the STP disabled state?
Via an 802.1Q trunk or a single VLAN access port
Admin down
Auto mode
Very high L3 throughput - no access lists or port filtering - redundancy and resilience - advanced QoS

25. What does the switchport host macro do?
Trusted ports
RADIUS
Sets the switchport mode to access - enables portfast - and turns off channel grouping for the port
Forces the router to wait for a period of time before attempting overthrow

26. How should UDLD be configured?
Hosts associated with a secondary VLAN can communicate with ports on the primary but not with another secondary VLAN
On ports where you never expect to find a root bridge for a VLAN
The configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay
Each peer sends and receives hellos. Def hello is 3 sec - def hold is 10 sec

27. What are the RSTP port roles?
LWAPP (Cisco proprietary) and CAP-WAP (standards based)
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
Every hello interval regardless of whether BDPUs are received from root - allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology
Switches make an effort to move packets as quickly as possible

28. How does every HSRP config command begin?
Switch(config-if)# standby xx where x= group number
By an ARP access list that defines the permitted bindings
Lowest cumulative cost to root
By creating a static IP binding

29. What is the size of a TCAM value?
Globally or per-port
All user ports that have portfast enabled
No
134 bits - consisting of source and destination addresses and protocol information from the packet or frame

30. Can MSTP interoperate with 802.1q and/or PVST+?
If the switch or the powered device doesn't suport power class discovery
1-LAP gets a DHCP address - 2-LAP learns IP of available WLC - 3-LAP sends a join request to WLC and receives join reply - 4-WLC sends code image - if necessary - 5-Tunnels are created
Trunk
Yes to both

31. How does uplinkfast handle changes in topology?
Turn on port security
Notifies upstream neighbors by sending multicasts on behalf of hosts at the interval of the max update rate parameter.
Configure and enable DHCP snooping
LACP port priority

32. What is RPR?
Can hear only BDPUs
On (all ports channel) - auto (channels when asked) - and desirable(actively asks to form a channel)
Priority (class 1)
Route processor redundancy - redundant sup is partially booted and initialized and must reload module in the switch and init all sup functions

33. If one end of an Etherchannel (either type) is set to on and the channel doesn't form - what should you check?

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34. How does adding option-82 to DHCP snooping affect things?

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35. Can ARP replies be checked
Yes
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)
During the time that the FIB entry is in CEF glean waiting for ARP entries - subsequent packet to that host are dropped to keep input queues from filling
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal

36. What routing protocols support NSF?
1-65535 (def 32768) lower priority - higher probability
Prevents the dhcp binding DB from being checked.
5 (0-4 with 4 being the highest)
BGP - EIGRP - OSPF - and IS-IS.

37. What is backbonefast?
Up to 54Mbps - not cross-compatible - 12 to 23 clean channels - 5.8 Ghz
0000.5e00.01xx
0-255 (lower is better)
Causes switch to actively determine whether alternative paths exist to root bridge in case ther eis an indirect failure

38. What is DCF?
Port
Distributed coordinion function - the use of timers to prevent wireless collisions
If any BDUP is received on a port - it puts the port into the errdisable state
Differentiated services

39. How does the standby handle ARP issues after it becomes active?
They are locally significant on an interface. HSRP1 on one VLAN is different from HSRP1 on another
Missed beacons - dropped packets (max retry) - weak signal (data rate switches down) - an AP periodicallytries to find a stronger signal
By sending a gratuitous ARP
Flash (class 3)

40. What happens if both 802.1D and RSTP BDPUs are received?
0-255 (lower is better)
Trunk - dynamic auto - dynamic desireable (default)
The port will operate under 802.1D rules. If they are received on the same port - it will run 802.1D until the migration delay expires
Nonstop forwarding is an interactive method focusing on rebuilding the RIB after SUP switchover

41. How is DHCP snooping enabled (scope)?
Globally
By using a hash of a key string
Round robin - weighted - or host-dependent
Weak key rotation

42. What is a punt adjacency?
Via an 802.1Q trunk or a single VLAN access port
FIB
Src-dst-ip
Packets must be sent to the L3 engine for further processing

43. How does an LAP bind with a WLC?
Embeds the tag within the frame
By brining up a tunnel between them to carry 802.11 related messages and client data.
Routers are assigned to common GLBP group. All routers can be active and can load balance
The port asks the other end to trunk

44. How does IPT behave when the voice VLAN is in untagged mode?
A point to point port type
Data and voice over native vlan - no QOS but still uses 802.1p trunk
Automatically negotiates a common trunk mode between switches
Per VLAN

45. How many virtual MACs can GLBP have?
Up to 4 can be used in a group. Called active virtual forwarders (AVF)
All fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)
300 sec by default
All non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified - the port with superior BDPU becomes root

46. What is a direct topology change?
A VLAN that spans the entire fabric
A single broadcast domain
Needs hardware upgrade over WEP - uses AES encryption
One that can be detected on a switch interface (ie. Up/down)

47. How does IPT behave when the voce VLAN is in the default none mode?
4
Completed dhcp bindings - mac addresses - IP addresses - etc.
Data and voice over native vlan no QOS and no 802.1p trunk
An ac adaptor that plugs into a wall outlet.

48. What is DSCP codepoint AF31(26)?
Using a single WAP to centralize access and control over a group of wireless devices.
Flash (class 3)
Root - designated - alternate - and backup
When a port moves into forwarding or from fowarding or learning to blocking.

49. What is jitter?
10-15%
To a VLAN and not to a VLAN interface (SVI)
Cisco ILP and 802.3af
Variation in delay

50. How should the switch port to which an autonomous AP be configured?
Trunk
An instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive
The redundant SUP is booted and sup and route engine is init'd. No L2 or L3 functions are started. Allows switchports to retain state
Root - designated - alternate - and backup