Test your basic knowledge |

CCNP Wireless Security

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. 3 modes of radius fallback
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic

2. How to set up tacacs roles in ACS for WLC authorization
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>

3. Steps to roaming in 802.1R
AES-Key Wrap
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages

4. Steps to installing Server Cert into ACS
PKI
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.

5. When will a WLC use a Local EAP profile?
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
x509v3 certificate

6. Authentication types used by SNMPv3
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
uses certificates
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC

7. What must be configd on ACS to enable dot1x from switch
MFP
mfp-v2
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store

8. What part of an 802.11 Beacon contains the security mechanisms in use
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS

9. Whats added in CCXv5?
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
mfp-v2
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups

10. What triggers can initiate a WLC to request a client to roam
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed

11. What is the WLAN-->Advanced--> DIagnostic Channel used for
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5

12. How is the CAPWAP tunnel between AP & WLC encrypted
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
x509v3 certificate
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.

13. 6 criteria types for rogue classification
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID

14. How fast is fast secure roaming
-150ms
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.

15. How to add IPS TLS info to WLC
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
MFP
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors

16. Briefly describe eap-tls
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
-150ms
uses certificates
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy

17. Difference between mobility list and mobility group
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
100 local accounts max
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing

18. NAC Deployment Types
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors

19. What are the 4 main components of NGS re: guests
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network

20. Encryption types used by SNMPv3
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
AES-Key Wrap
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128

21. Protocols used in wIPS
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
PKI
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML

22. Difference between MFP-1 & MFP-2
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute

23. Directed Roam Request
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
100 local accounts max
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication

24. Will foreign/anchor communication work through PAT?
no
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5

25. Things to Enable in ACS (Global Authentication Page) for PEAP support
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n

26. Enhanced Neighbor list
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
100 local accounts max
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.

27. What protocol to WLCs use to communicate with IPS
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
HTTPS
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>

28. What CCX version is required for CCKM
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.

29. Why add an IPS if WLCs already detect attacks.
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
no

30. IAPP roaming protocol
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.

31. Reason why you can NOT use WLC RADIUS server to auth. against OpenLDAP or Win-2003 (or later)
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn

32. What does IBN allow you to assign
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
PKI

33. What kind of mgmt frames does client mfp protect
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.

34. What kind of local 802.1x auth. does HREAP support
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.

35. Briefly describe peap
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication

36. Main elements of a NAC deployment
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control

37. How does client MFP work
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate

38. Briefly describe eap-mschapv2
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA

39. Ports to open on fw to allow foreign to anchor controller tunnel to be built
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time

40. RADIUS UDP Ports
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc

41. Steps to auth with NAA w/ SSO
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst

42. What is the IEEE Standards version of MFP
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
802.11w
HTTPS
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic

43. Peap fast reconnect
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
100 local accounts max
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS

44. How long before an HREAP goes into disconnected/standalone mode
300ms
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
x509v3 certificate
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events

45. What are virtual domains used for in WCS
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
100 local accounts max
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs

46. Steps to config. .1x for AP to WLC connections
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
MFP
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS

47. What must be configured the same for an HREAP not to disconnect clients when failing over (or back) to a WLC
802.11w
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
MFP
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration

48. What is the caveat to having redundant anchor controllers
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication

49. What is a mobility list used for
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control

50. What does FIPS-2 require for WLC to RADIUS communications
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
AES-Key Wrap