Test your basic knowledge |

CCNP Wireless Security

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. RADIUS UDP Ports
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi

2. Steps to setting up out-of-band virtual gateway setup on the NAS & NAM
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs

3. What does FIPS-2 require for WLC to RADIUS communications
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
AES-Key Wrap
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication

4. Whats included in 802.11-2012
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
UDP 5246 & 5247
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST

5. What CCX version is required for CCKM
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
300ms

6. What is the caveat to having redundant anchor controllers
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
HTTPS
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.

7. Steps to setting up an out-of-band virtual gateway NAS setup
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto

8. Main elements of a NAC deployment
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
300ms
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control

9. When will a WLC use a Local EAP profile?
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed

10. Why add an IPS if WLCs already detect attacks.
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.

11. What is needed to use Locally Significat Certificates (LSC) when establishing tunnel from OEAP to WLC
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
PKI
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re

12. What kind of mgmt frames does client mfp protect
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config

13. What is used for HREAP Roaming re: keying
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
MFP
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs

14. Methods for authenticating to NAC
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute

15. Directed Roam Request
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+

16. Steps to posture assesment
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
802.11w
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages

17. What are virtual domains used for in WCS
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing

18. What does a wired IPS do compared to the WLC IDS
100 local accounts max
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
mititgate non-802.11 attacks

19. What protocol to WLCs use to communicate with IPS
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
HTTPS
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself

20. What must be configd on ACS to enable dot1x from switch
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)

21. Whats in CCXv4?
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
uses certificates
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi

22. How is OEAP encrypted
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID

23. Will foreign/anchor communication work through PAT?
no
MFP
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself

24. Steps to config. .1x for AP to WLC connections
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
PKI
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)

25. Reason why you can NOT use WLC RADIUS server to auth. against OpenLDAP or Win-2003 (or later)
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
PKI
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication

26. What must be configured for SSO authentication to work
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
uses certificates

27. Steps to roaming in 802.1R
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.

28. What must be configured the same for an HREAP not to disconnect clients when failing over (or back) to a WLC
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store

29. Vlan pooling
MFP
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store

30. WLC Tacacs+ roles
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)

31. Things to Enable in ACS (Global Authentication Page) for PEAP support
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>

32. 802.11R
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.

33. Describe AP Assisted Roaming
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2

34. Enhanced Neighbor list
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM

35. What does Fast Secure Roaming use re: Keying
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
x509v3 certificate
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.

36. Steps to auth with NAA w/ SSO
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
uses certificates
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li

37. Briefly describe peap
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication

38. What is Conditional Web Redirect
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame

39. What is 802.11w?
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
MFP

40. Ports to open on fw to allow foreign to anchor controller tunnel to be built
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
HTTPS
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients

41. Why is fast secure roaming used
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network

42. What is included in a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK)
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration

43. What does IBN allow you to assign
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store

44. What is NGS & whats it used for
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -

45. Difference between mobility list and mobility group
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups

46. How does infrastructure MFP work
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)

47. How is encryption established between OEAP & Anchor WLC
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
802.11w
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC

48. When PKC is used
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.

49. Encryption types used by SNMPv3
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128

50. Eap process/messages
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
x509v3 certificate
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams