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CCNP Wireless Security

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. Whats in CCXv4?
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
PKI
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate

2. Briefly describe eap-mschapv2
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.

3. Protocols used in wIPS
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
UDP 5246 & 5247

4. What is NGS & whats it used for
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
-150ms
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -

5. When submitting a CSR from ACS
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto

6. Enhanced Neighbor list - E2E
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
HTTPS
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin

7. Regulatory Compliance Acronyms
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
uses certificates

8. What is needed to use Locally Significat Certificates (LSC) when establishing tunnel from OEAP to WLC
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
PKI
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required

9. What ports does OEAP use to connect to anchor WLC
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
UDP 5246 & 5247
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
used with PEAP for user/password authentication

10. AAA override
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization

11. Difference between MFP-1 & MFP-2
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS

12. How long before an HREAP goes into disconnected/standalone mode
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
300ms
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS

13. How to set up tacacs roles in ACS for WLC authorization
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn

14. Ports to open on fw to allow foreign to anchor controller tunnel to be built
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic

15. How is IBN-QoS
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA

16. Whats included in 802.11-2012
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n

17. How to add IPS TLS info to WLC
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
mfp-v2
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS

18. Difference between mobility list and mobility group
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.

19. What CCX version is required for CCKM
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
no
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS

20. How does client MFP work
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame

21. RADIUS UDP Ports
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+

22. Directed Roam Request
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.

23. Encryption algorithm used by Certificates
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n

24. How is IBN-VLAN Selection implemted in ACS
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>

25. Encryption types used by SNMPv3
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
PKI
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML

26. How does CCKM simplify PMK Caching
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re

27. Briefly describe eap-tls
uses certificates
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.

28. Briefly describe peap
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
HTTPS

29. Peap fast reconnect
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM

30. What must be configured for SSO authentication to work
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
UDP 5246 & 5247

31. Steps to posture assesment
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
mfp-v2
-150ms

32. What is HREAP Local Auth limitation
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
UDP 5246 & 5247
100 local accounts max
MFP

33. Is data encrypted over a capwap tunnel?
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.

34. Steps to adding an IPS
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events

35. What does a wired IPS do compared to the WLC IDS
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla

36. What does IBN allow you to assign
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages

37. What is included in a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK)
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.

38. Steps to setting up out-of-band virtual gateway setup on the NAS & NAM
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame

39. 3 categories of segmented traffic
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
UDP 5246 & 5247
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5

40. What are virtual domains used for in WCS
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
MFP
mfp-v2

41. What does Proactive Key Caching do
HTTPS
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.

42. When will a WLC use a Local EAP profile?
HTTPS
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla

43. Steps to auth with NAA w/ SSO
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.

44. Why add an IPS if WLCs already detect attacks.
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.

45. Switchport config to enable dot1x on a port
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto

46. Switch global config to enable dot1x radius server
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.

47. What does FIPS-2 require for WLC to RADIUS communications
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
uses certificates
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
AES-Key Wrap

48. Main elements of a NAC deployment
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
HTTPS
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control

49. When PKC is used
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment

50. How is the CAPWAP tunnel between AP & WLC encrypted
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
x509v3 certificate