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CCNP Wireless Security

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is needed to use Locally Significat Certificates (LSC) when establishing tunnel from OEAP to WLC
PKI
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li

2. Protocols used in wIPS
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration

3. What must be configd on ACS to enable dot1x from switch
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
uses certificates
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning

4. Reason why you can NOT use WLC RADIUS server to auth. against OpenLDAP or Win-2003 (or later)
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.

5. 2 different types of wIPS deployment
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.

6. What does IBN allow you to assign
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes

7. What must be configured the same for an HREAP not to disconnect clients when failing over (or back) to a WLC
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate

8. IAPP roaming protocol
UDP 5246 & 5247
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams

9. What is included in a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK)
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
100 local accounts max
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.

10. Why is fast secure roaming used
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re

11. What is the WLAN-->Advanced--> DIagnostic Channel used for
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
mfp-v2
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5

12. What triggers can initiate a WLC to request a client to roam
802.11w
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.

13. Steps to auth with NAA w/ SSO
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time

14. What does FIPS-2 require for WLC to RADIUS communications
AES-Key Wrap
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
x509v3 certificate

15. Briefly describe eap-mschapv2
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac

16. How fast is fast secure roaming
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
-150ms
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn

17. How is IBN implemented on a WLAN
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC

18. 802.11R
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
-150ms
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required

19. When submitting a CSR from ACS
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake

20. What part of an 802.11 Beacon contains the security mechanisms in use
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC

21. Authentication types used by SNMPv3
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.

22. Steps to roaming in 802.1R
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.

23. Enhanced Neighbor list
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst

24. Enhanced Neighbor list - E2E
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM

25. Regulatory Compliance Acronyms
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy

26. How is IBN-QoS
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.

27. How long before an HREAP goes into disconnected/standalone mode
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
300ms
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac

28. Whats added in CCXv5?
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
mfp-v2

29. Difference between MFP-1 & MFP-2
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
PKI

30. What is Conditional Web Redirect
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC

31. What is HREAP Local Auth limitation
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
100 local accounts max

32. Things to Enable in ACS (Global Authentication Page) for PEAP support
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events

33. What is the radius server override interface option under WLAN-->AAA?
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
100 local accounts max
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)

34. 3 modes of radius fallback
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
-150ms

35. Methods for authenticating to NAC
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST

36. What is Ciscos gold confidence level deployment of wIPS aps in a walled environment
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.

37. RADIUS UDP Ports
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
no
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups

38. What ports does OEAP use to connect to anchor WLC
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
UDP 5246 & 5247
MFP
mititgate non-802.11 attacks

39. WLC Tacacs+ roles
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
PKI
802.11w

40. What must be configured for SSO authentication to work
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n

41. Steps to config. .1x for AP to WLC connections
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
mititgate non-802.11 attacks

42. What kind of mgmt frames does client mfp protect
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
used with PEAP for user/password authentication

43. Whats included in 802.11-2012
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
UDP 5246 & 5247
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time

44. Steps to installing Server Cert into ACS
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128

45. What protocol to WLCs use to communicate with IPS
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
HTTPS
no

46. What is the caveat to having redundant anchor controllers
mfp-v2
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config

47. What are virtual domains used for in WCS
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
HTTPS
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs

48. Main elements of a NAC deployment
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control

49. Vlan pooling
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n

50. What are the 4 main components of NGS re: guests
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
mititgate non-802.11 attacks