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CCNP Wireless Security

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. What are virtual domains used for in WCS
HTTPS
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
PKI

2. When will a WLC use a Local EAP profile?
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.

3. Steps to roaming in 802.1R
300ms
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST

4. How long before an HREAP goes into disconnected/standalone mode
300ms
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
AES-Key Wrap
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.

5. What does a wired IPS do compared to the WLC IDS
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
mititgate non-802.11 attacks

6. Whats included in 802.11-2012
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n

7. Eap process/messages
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.

8. Briefly describe peap
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control

9. RADIUS UDP Ports
-150ms
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning

10. What must be configd on ACS to enable dot1x from switch
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA

11. What is Ciscos gold confidence level deployment of wIPS aps in a walled environment
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla

12. How does the Nac Appliance Agent (NAA) work cohesively with 802.1x
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128

13. What ports does OEAP use to connect to anchor WLC
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
no
UDP 5246 & 5247

14. When submitting a CSR from ACS
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
-150ms
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store

15. What is HREAP Local Auth limitation
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
100 local accounts max
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -

16. AAA override
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)

17. What is the WLAN-->Advanced--> DIagnostic Channel used for
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
MFP
mititgate non-802.11 attacks

18. How is IBN-VLAN Selection implemted in ACS
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
UDP 5246 & 5247
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>

19. Steps to config. .1x for AP to WLC connections
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
100 local accounts max
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS

20. WLC Tacacs+ roles
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute

21. What is the radius server override interface option under WLAN-->AAA?
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
300ms
AES-Key Wrap
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC

22. What is a mobility list used for
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.

23. Difference between MFP-1 & MFP-2
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients

24. Steps to adding an IPS
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li

25. Main elements of a NAC deployment
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy

26. Ports to open on fw to allow foreign to anchor controller tunnel to be built
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.

27. What kind of local 802.1x auth. does HREAP support
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
HTTPS
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
100 local accounts max

28. Things to Enable in ACS (Global Authentication Page) for PEAP support
no
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
MFP
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups

29. Steps to posture assesment
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -

30. What are mping and eping used for from the wlc cli
HTTPS
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)

31. Steps to setting up an out-of-band virtual gateway NAS setup
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2

32. How is OEAP encrypted
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
uses certificates
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re

33. Briefly describe eap-mschapv2
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
used with PEAP for user/password authentication

34. How is IBN implemented on a WLAN
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC

35. How does client MFP work
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment

36. Authentication types used by SNMPv3
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA

37. What kind of mgmt frames does client mfp protect
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.

38. Why is fast secure roaming used
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams

39. Why add an IPS if WLCs already detect attacks.
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.

40. Peap fast reconnect
100 local accounts max
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store

41. When PKC is used
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.

42. 802.11R
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re

43. Whats in CCXv4?
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)

44. Describe AP Assisted Roaming
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
-150ms
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA

45. How to add IPS TLS info to WLC
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
UDP 5246 & 5247
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac

46. Difference between mobility list and mobility group
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization

47. What is included in a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK)
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.

48. What are the 4 main components of NGS re: guests
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
PKI

49. How fast is fast secure roaming
100 local accounts max
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
MFP
-150ms

50. 3 modes of radius fallback
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate