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CCNP Wireless Security

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What does FIPS-2 require for WLC to RADIUS communications
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
AES-Key Wrap
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5

2. What is 802.11w?
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
MFP
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed

3. What is the WLAN-->Advanced--> DIagnostic Channel used for
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5

4. What must be configured the same for an HREAP not to disconnect clients when failing over (or back) to a WLC
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac

5. What is included in a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK)
100 local accounts max
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself

6. What CCX version is required for CCKM
300ms
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst

7. Difference between mobility list and mobility group
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST

8. Steps to setting up an out-of-band virtual gateway NAS setup
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn

9. Eap process/messages
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
mfp-v2

10. How does client MFP work
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
mititgate non-802.11 attacks

11. Briefly describe eap-tls
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
uses certificates

12. Client Roaming Reasons
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing

13. What kind of local 802.1x auth. does HREAP support
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
PKI
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration

14. What protocol to WLCs use to communicate with IPS
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
HTTPS

15. Difference between MFP-1 & MFP-2
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
-150ms
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself

16. Steps to configure wlcs for guest wlan
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM

17. RADIUS UDP Ports
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID

18. How does the Nac Appliance Agent (NAA) work cohesively with 802.1x
mfp-v2
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing

19. Ports to open on fw to allow foreign to anchor controller tunnel to be built
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic

20. What does a wired IPS do compared to the WLC IDS
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address

21. What are the 4 main components of NGS re: guests
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing

22. What are mping and eping used for from the wlc cli
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
UDP 5246 & 5247
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store

23. What is NGS & whats it used for
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
mfp-v2
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.

24. Steps to adding an IPS
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
mfp-v2
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events

25. Briefly describe eap-mschapv2
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network

26. How does CCKM simplify PMK Caching
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
UDP 5246 & 5247

27. How is OEAP encrypted
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla

28. What triggers can initiate a WLC to request a client to roam
PKI
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML

29. 802.11R
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration

30. What is HREAP Local Auth limitation
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
100 local accounts max
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2

31. 2 different types of wIPS deployment
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.

32. What is a mobility list used for
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst

33. When will a WLC use a Local EAP profile?
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
x509v3 certificate
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)

34. Steps to roaming in 802.1R
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5

35. Whats included in 802.11-2012
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n

36. WLC Tacacs+ roles
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
AES-Key Wrap

37. How is IBN implemented on a WLAN
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA

38. 6 criteria types for rogue classification
100 local accounts max
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID

39. What part of an 802.11 Beacon contains the security mechanisms in use
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.

40. Will foreign/anchor communication work through PAT?
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
no
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame

41. Is data encrypted over a capwap tunnel?
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config

42. Whats in CCXv4?
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac

43. What is Ciscos gold confidence level deployment of wIPS aps in a walled environment
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.

44. How is IBN-VLAN Selection implemted in ACS
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic

45. Peap fast reconnect
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time

46. Main elements of a NAC deployment
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
AES-Key Wrap
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>

47. What does Proactive Key Caching do
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>

48. What ports does OEAP use to connect to anchor WLC
PKI
UDP 5246 & 5247
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2

49. Encryption algorithm used by Certificates
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.

50. What does IBN allow you to assign
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.