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CCNP Wireless Security

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. IAPP roaming protocol
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
UDP 5246 & 5247
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.

2. Describe AP Assisted Roaming
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.

3. What must be configured the same for an HREAP not to disconnect clients when failing over (or back) to a WLC
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors

4. What is a mobility list used for
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.

5. Things to Enable in ACS (Global Authentication Page) for PEAP support
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
802.11w
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)

6. Steps to config. .1x for AP to WLC connections
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)

7. Whats included in 802.11-2012
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
used with PEAP for user/password authentication

8. Briefly describe eap-mschapv2
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
HTTPS
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
mititgate non-802.11 attacks

9. What protocol to WLCs use to communicate with IPS
UDP 5246 & 5247
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
HTTPS
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning

10. Enhanced Neighbor list
802.11w
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.

11. Steps to setting up out-of-band virtual gateway setup on the NAS & NAM
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn

12. Regulatory Compliance Acronyms
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
300ms
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA

13. What must be configd on ACS to enable dot1x from switch
100 local accounts max
300ms
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning

14. Reason why you can NOT use WLC RADIUS server to auth. against OpenLDAP or Win-2003 (or later)
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
used with PEAP for user/password authentication

15. What CCX version is required for CCKM
100 local accounts max
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS

16. What part of an 802.11 Beacon contains the security mechanisms in use
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network

17. What are the 4 main components of NGS re: guests
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself

18. What is the WLAN-->Advanced--> DIagnostic Channel used for
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC

19. When PKC is used
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.

20. What triggers can initiate a WLC to request a client to roam
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA

21. Difference between mobility list and mobility group
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
x509v3 certificate
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment

22. 3 modes of radius fallback
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed

23. 802.11R
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.

24. Steps to roaming in non802.1R
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required

25. What is Ciscos gold confidence level deployment of wIPS aps in a walled environment
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
HTTPS
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.

26. Why is fast secure roaming used
PKI
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment

27. What does IBN allow you to assign
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc

28. 6 criteria types for rogue classification
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML

29. Vlan pooling
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
-150ms

30. Switchport config to enable dot1x on a port
AES-Key Wrap
UDP 5246 & 5247
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
no

31. How is the CAPWAP tunnel between AP & WLC encrypted
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
x509v3 certificate

32. What is NGS & whats it used for
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute

33. Steps to configure wlcs for guest wlan
x509v3 certificate
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla

34. What is the radius server override interface option under WLAN-->AAA?
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.

35. What is Conditional Web Redirect
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config

36. When will a WLC use a Local EAP profile?
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)

37. What ports does OEAP use to connect to anchor WLC
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
UDP 5246 & 5247
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config

38. What does Proactive Key Caching do
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)

39. How to add IPS TLS info to WLC
uses certificates
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
AES-Key Wrap
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors

40. Ports to open on fw to allow foreign to anchor controller tunnel to be built
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
300ms

41. What must be configured for SSO authentication to work
no
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC

42. Methods for authenticating to NAC
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128

43. How to set up tacacs roles in ACS for WLC authorization
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
AES-Key Wrap
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128

44. What kind of local 802.1x auth. does HREAP support
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re

45. Switch global config to enable dot1x radius server
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>

46. Steps to roaming in 802.1R
no
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC

47. NAC Deployment Types
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM

48. Peap fast reconnect
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing

49. What is needed to use Locally Significat Certificates (LSC) when establishing tunnel from OEAP to WLC
PKI
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning

50. Steps to auth with NAA w/ SSO
AES-Key Wrap
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC