Test your basic knowledge |

CCNP Wireless Security

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is used for HREAP Roaming re: keying
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.

2. What does Proactive Key Caching do
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re

3. IAPP roaming protocol
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment

4. Whats included in 802.11-2012
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
mfp-v2

5. What must be configured for SSO authentication to work
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.

6. What is included in a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK)
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.

7. How fast is fast secure roaming
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
-150ms
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.

8. What does a wired IPS do compared to the WLC IDS
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.

9. Eap process/messages
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2

10. How is OEAP encrypted
PKI
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store

11. How to set up tacacs roles in ACS for WLC authorization
100 local accounts max
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc

12. 6 criteria types for rogue classification
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.

13. What are the 4 main components of NGS re: guests
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time

14. Difference between MFP-1 & MFP-2
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients

15. When will a WLC use a Local EAP profile?
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
100 local accounts max
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication

16. Encryption algorithm used by Certificates
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+

17. Enhanced Neighbor list - E2E
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store

18. What must be configured the same for an HREAP not to disconnect clients when failing over (or back) to a WLC
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration

19. How is IBN-VLAN Selection implemted in ACS
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
802.11w
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>

20. What are mping and eping used for from the wlc cli
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
300ms
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)

21. How is IBN implemented on a WLAN
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake

22. Peap fast reconnect
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required

23. Enhanced Neighbor list
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID

24. Steps to configure wlcs for guest wlan
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla

25. What is the IEEE Standards version of MFP
802.11w
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC

26. How is IBN-QoS
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
uses certificates
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128

27. What does FIPS-2 require for WLC to RADIUS communications
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
AES-Key Wrap

28. What must be configd on ACS to enable dot1x from switch
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla

29. Things to Enable in ACS (Global Authentication Page) for PEAP support
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.

30. What does Fast Secure Roaming use re: Keying
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM

31. Is data encrypted over a capwap tunnel?
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config

32. What ports does OEAP use to connect to anchor WLC
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
UDP 5246 & 5247
MFP
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>

33. 3 modes of radius fallback
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
100 local accounts max

34. Describe AP Assisted Roaming
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams

35. Steps to installing Server Cert into ACS
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li

36. Vlan pooling
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
-150ms

37. Authentication types used by SNMPv3
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA

38. What is 802.11w?
MFP
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
100 local accounts max
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.

39. Steps to config. .1x for AP to WLC connections
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.

40. 3 categories of segmented traffic
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.

41. What is a mobility list used for
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
100 local accounts max
used with PEAP for user/password authentication

42. 2 different types of wIPS deployment
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.

43. What is HREAP Local Auth limitation
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
100 local accounts max
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config

44. What triggers can initiate a WLC to request a client to roam
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
x509v3 certificate
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time

45. Why is fast secure roaming used
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required

46. What is the caveat to having redundant anchor controllers
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs

47. What is Conditional Web Redirect
300ms
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
-150ms

48. Client Roaming Reasons
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
AES-Key Wrap
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing

49. How is encryption established between OEAP & Anchor WLC
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC

50. Will foreign/anchor communication work through PAT?
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
no
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re