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CCNP Wireless Security

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is included in a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK)
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.

2. What must be configured the same for an HREAP not to disconnect clients when failing over (or back) to a WLC
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network

3. 2 different types of wIPS deployment
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5

4. Encryption algorithm used by Certificates
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)

5. What is a mobility list used for
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.

6. What must be configured for SSO authentication to work
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control

7. How does client MFP work
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re

8. What must be configd on ACS to enable dot1x from switch
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re

9. Steps to setting up out-of-band virtual gateway setup on the NAS & NAM
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required

10. Why is fast secure roaming used
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.

11. How does CCKM simplify PMK Caching
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
no
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5

12. How is the CAPWAP tunnel between AP & WLC encrypted
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
x509v3 certificate

13. AAA override
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.

14. RADIUS UDP Ports
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA

15. Switchport config to enable dot1x on a port
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.

16. How does the Nac Appliance Agent (NAA) work cohesively with 802.1x
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla

17. Steps to roaming in 802.1R
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization

18. Steps to posture assesment
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
no
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.

19. What triggers can initiate a WLC to request a client to roam
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.

20. What are virtual domains used for in WCS
PKI
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute

21. Briefly describe eap-mschapv2
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
no

22. Briefly describe peap
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.

23. Switch global config to enable dot1x radius server
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>

24. How is IBN-QoS
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
HTTPS

25. Why add an IPS if WLCs already detect attacks.
AES-Key Wrap
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.

26. What is the WLAN-->Advanced--> DIagnostic Channel used for
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)

27. 6 criteria types for rogue classification
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID

28. What is 802.11w?
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
MFP
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.

29. What ports does OEAP use to connect to anchor WLC
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
UDP 5246 & 5247
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes

30. Protocols used in wIPS
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID

31. Steps to installing Server Cert into ACS
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.

32. NAC Deployment Types
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.

33. What is the radius server override interface option under WLAN-->AAA?
HTTPS
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>

34. What protocol to WLCs use to communicate with IPS
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
HTTPS

35. How fast is fast secure roaming
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
-150ms
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute

36. WLC Tacacs+ roles
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)

37. What is HREAP Local Auth limitation
AES-Key Wrap
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
100 local accounts max

38. What does Proactive Key Caching do
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.

39. Peap fast reconnect
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time

40. What is used for HREAP Roaming re: keying
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment

41. Steps to configure wlcs for guest wlan
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
HTTPS

42. Ports to open on fw to allow foreign to anchor controller tunnel to be built
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
x509v3 certificate
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic

43. How to set up tacacs roles in ACS for WLC authorization
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li

44. Regulatory Compliance Acronyms
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.

45. How to add IPS TLS info to WLC
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.

46. 3 modes of radius fallback
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed

47. How is OEAP encrypted
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA

48. Eap process/messages
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi

49. When submitting a CSR from ACS
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
100 local accounts max
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC

50. When will a WLC use a Local EAP profile?
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)