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CCNP Wireless Security

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the radius server override interface option under WLAN-->AAA?
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address

2. What is HREAP Local Auth limitation
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
100 local accounts max
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration

3. Is data encrypted over a capwap tunnel?
MFP
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config

4. When PKC is used
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
300ms
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.

5. How fast is fast secure roaming
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
-150ms
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.

6. Will foreign/anchor communication work through PAT?
no
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name

7. Ports to open on fw to allow foreign to anchor controller tunnel to be built
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
mfp-v2
uses certificates
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic

8. Briefly describe eap-mschapv2
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.

9. What must be configd on ACS to enable dot1x from switch
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC

10. Switch global config to enable dot1x radius server
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5

11. Authentication types used by SNMPv3
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
x509v3 certificate
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.

12. What must be configured the same for an HREAP not to disconnect clients when failing over (or back) to a WLC
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA

13. Directed Roam Request
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -

14. Difference between mobility list and mobility group
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups

15. Encryption types used by SNMPv3
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128

16. What is 802.11w?
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
mfp-v2
UDP 5246 & 5247
MFP

17. How is IBN implemented on a WLAN
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac

18. How long before an HREAP goes into disconnected/standalone mode
no
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
300ms
mfp-v2

19. IAPP roaming protocol
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
no
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store

20. Briefly describe eap-tls
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
uses certificates
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS

21. 3 categories of segmented traffic
100 local accounts max
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla

22. What CCX version is required for CCKM
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS

23. What ports does OEAP use to connect to anchor WLC
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
UDP 5246 & 5247
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors

24. Client Roaming Reasons
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.

25. Steps to setting up out-of-band virtual gateway setup on the NAS & NAM
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla

26. Steps to config. .1x for AP to WLC connections
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS

27. 3 modes of radius fallback
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
MFP

28. How does client MFP work
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
x509v3 certificate
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame

29. Describe AP Assisted Roaming
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2

30. What is the IEEE Standards version of MFP
802.11w
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes

31. Steps to installing Server Cert into ACS
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control

32. What is Conditional Web Redirect
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute

33. AAA override
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)

34. Why add an IPS if WLCs already detect attacks.
PKI
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML

35. How does CCKM simplify PMK Caching
x509v3 certificate
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.

36. Eap process/messages
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn

37. What is Ciscos gold confidence level deployment of wIPS aps in a walled environment
802.11w
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re

38. How is encryption established between OEAP & Anchor WLC
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network

39. What protocol to WLCs use to communicate with IPS
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
HTTPS

40. 6 criteria types for rogue classification
MFP
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID

41. How is IBN-VLAN Selection implemted in ACS
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>

42. Regulatory Compliance Acronyms
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA

43. Difference between MFP-1 & MFP-2
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients

44. What must be configured for SSO authentication to work
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors

45. Whats included in 802.11-2012
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config

46. What does IBN allow you to assign
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac

47. When submitting a CSR from ACS
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
AES-Key Wrap
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -

48. Steps to auth with NAA w/ SSO
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.

49. RADIUS UDP Ports
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
UDP 5246 & 5247
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization

50. What is NGS & whats it used for
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
no
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -