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CCNP Wireless Security

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. What is used for HREAP Roaming re: keying
-150ms
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.

2. What kind of local 802.1x auth. does HREAP support
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -

3. What must be configured for SSO authentication to work
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla

4. What is the radius server override interface option under WLAN-->AAA?
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
100 local accounts max
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc

5. What is HREAP Local Auth limitation
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
100 local accounts max

6. Regulatory Compliance Acronyms
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA

7. What does IBN allow you to assign
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS

8. Steps to setting up out-of-band virtual gateway setup on the NAS & NAM
100 local accounts max
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.

9. Steps to installing Server Cert into ACS
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing

10. How is IBN-QoS
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
PKI
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning

11. What is the IEEE Standards version of MFP
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
802.11w

12. Briefly describe eap-tls
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
uses certificates

13. What is the WLAN-->Advanced--> DIagnostic Channel used for
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed

14. What are mping and eping used for from the wlc cli
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)

15. Eap process/messages
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)

16. How does the Nac Appliance Agent (NAA) work cohesively with 802.1x
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing

17. Steps to auth with NAA w/ SSO
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
x509v3 certificate
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.

18. What are the 4 main components of NGS re: guests
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC

19. Briefly describe eap-mschapv2
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
used with PEAP for user/password authentication

20. Why is fast secure roaming used
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment

21. Encryption types used by SNMPv3
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto

22. Whats included in 802.11-2012
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
HTTPS
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n

23. How is IBN-VLAN Selection implemted in ACS
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
x509v3 certificate
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.

24. Vlan pooling
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)

25. RADIUS UDP Ports
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
HTTPS

26. Switchport config to enable dot1x on a port
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto

27. 2 different types of wIPS deployment
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)

28. Directed Roam Request
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+

29. Steps to adding an IPS
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events

30. How does infrastructure MFP work
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
mfp-v2
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.

31. How to add IPS TLS info to WLC
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors

32. NAC Deployment Types
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n

33. What must be configd on ACS to enable dot1x from switch
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
uses certificates
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication

34. What kind of mgmt frames does client mfp protect
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST

35. What are virtual domains used for in WCS
no
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
x509v3 certificate

36. Will foreign/anchor communication work through PAT?
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
no
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake

37. How to set up tacacs roles in ACS for WLC authorization
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)

38. When PKC is used
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute

39. What does Fast Secure Roaming use re: Keying
HTTPS
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla

40. WLC Tacacs+ roles
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
HTTPS

41. What does FIPS-2 require for WLC to RADIUS communications
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
AES-Key Wrap

42. What is the caveat to having redundant anchor controllers
UDP 5246 & 5247
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control

43. How is the CAPWAP tunnel between AP & WLC encrypted
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
x509v3 certificate
-150ms
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.

44. 6 criteria types for rogue classification
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
mfp-v2
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.

45. What triggers can initiate a WLC to request a client to roam
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config

46. Whats added in CCXv5?
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
mfp-v2
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST

47. How fast is fast secure roaming
-150ms
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
802.11w
no

48. 802.11R
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
HTTPS

49. Enhanced Neighbor list
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc

50. Describe AP Assisted Roaming
x509v3 certificate
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams