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CCNP Wireless Security

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the WLAN-->Advanced--> DIagnostic Channel used for
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi

2. What are virtual domains used for in WCS
MFP
100 local accounts max
mfp-v2
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs

3. How long before an HREAP goes into disconnected/standalone mode
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
300ms
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac

4. What is NGS & whats it used for
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
100 local accounts max
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic

5. Difference between mobility list and mobility group
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups

6. Briefly describe peap
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication

7. Steps to setting up an out-of-band virtual gateway NAS setup
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn

8. WLC Tacacs+ roles
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
no
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.

9. Regulatory Compliance Acronyms
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc

10. Main elements of a NAC deployment
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control

11. What are the 4 main components of NGS re: guests
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself

12. What is the caveat to having redundant anchor controllers
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
MFP

13. How is the CAPWAP tunnel between AP & WLC encrypted
x509v3 certificate
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
no
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)

14. Steps to setting up out-of-band virtual gateway setup on the NAS & NAM
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
mfp-v2
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes

15. What is the IEEE Standards version of MFP
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
802.11w
AES-Key Wrap
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame

16. How does CCKM simplify PMK Caching
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.

17. RADIUS UDP Ports
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic

18. What is HREAP Local Auth limitation
uses certificates
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
100 local accounts max

19. AAA override
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)

20. Why add an IPS if WLCs already detect attacks.
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)

21. Why is fast secure roaming used
HTTPS
PKI
-150ms
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment

22. NAC Deployment Types
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac

23. Directed Roam Request
mfp-v2
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+

24. How is IBN-QoS
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name

25. How fast is fast secure roaming
-150ms
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients

26. Steps to configure wlcs for guest wlan
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.

27. Enhanced Neighbor list - E2E
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.

28. Encryption algorithm used by Certificates
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)

29. What does Proactive Key Caching do
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi

30. IAPP roaming protocol
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams

31. How is OEAP encrypted
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.

32. What kind of mgmt frames does client mfp protect
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n

33. What part of an 802.11 Beacon contains the security mechanisms in use
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
-150ms
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac

34. Whats added in CCXv5?
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
MFP
mfp-v2
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events

35. Encryption types used by SNMPv3
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name

36. How is IBN-VLAN Selection implemted in ACS
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>

37. Protocols used in wIPS
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
x509v3 certificate
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML

38. Will foreign/anchor communication work through PAT?
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
no

39. Methods for authenticating to NAC
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.

40. What is used for HREAP Roaming re: keying
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML

41. 6 criteria types for rogue classification
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
PKI
UDP 5246 & 5247

42. What must be configured the same for an HREAP not to disconnect clients when failing over (or back) to a WLC
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself

43. How does the Nac Appliance Agent (NAA) work cohesively with 802.1x
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing

44. Steps to installing Server Cert into ACS
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.

45. Enhanced Neighbor list
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network

46. What does IBN allow you to assign
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
HTTPS
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes

47. How to set up tacacs roles in ACS for WLC authorization
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re

48. 3 modes of radius fallback
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac

49. What triggers can initiate a WLC to request a client to roam
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)

50. When submitting a CSR from ACS
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs