Test your basic knowledge |

CCNP Wireless Security

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. NAC Deployment Types
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
mfp-v2
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic

2. What is the caveat to having redundant anchor controllers
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.

3. Steps to installing Server Cert into ACS
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst

4. AAA override
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)

5. Steps to adding an IPS
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events

6. Why is fast secure roaming used
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment

7. What are virtual domains used for in WCS
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
802.11w
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST

8. Methods for authenticating to NAC
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC

9. What are the 4 main components of NGS re: guests
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)

10. Describe AP Assisted Roaming
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy

11. Eap process/messages
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
used with PEAP for user/password authentication

12. What part of an 802.11 Beacon contains the security mechanisms in use
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re

13. How fast is fast secure roaming
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
-150ms
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS

14. Steps to config. .1x for AP to WLC connections
x509v3 certificate
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS

15. What CCX version is required for CCKM
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
used with PEAP for user/password authentication

16. What is used for HREAP Roaming re: keying
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups

17. What does Fast Secure Roaming use re: Keying
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM

18. What does a wired IPS do compared to the WLC IDS
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams

19. What is HREAP Local Auth limitation
100 local accounts max
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA

20. Things to Enable in ACS (Global Authentication Page) for PEAP support
300ms
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC

21. What is the IEEE Standards version of MFP
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
802.11w
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
100 local accounts max

22. What triggers can initiate a WLC to request a client to roam
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time

23. What ports does OEAP use to connect to anchor WLC
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
UDP 5246 & 5247

24. How is IBN-QoS
UDP 5246 & 5247
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto

25. Authentication types used by SNMPv3
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control

26. Whats included in 802.11-2012
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re

27. Directed Roam Request
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs

28. Switchport config to enable dot1x on a port
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute

29. What does FIPS-2 require for WLC to RADIUS communications
MFP
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
AES-Key Wrap

30. Encryption algorithm used by Certificates
PKI
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic

31. What is 802.11w?
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
300ms
mfp-v2
MFP

32. 6 criteria types for rogue classification
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID

33. Whats in CCXv4?
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)

34. How is IBN-VLAN Selection implemted in ACS
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing

35. Reason why you can NOT use WLC RADIUS server to auth. against OpenLDAP or Win-2003 (or later)
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
mfp-v2
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.

36. What is a mobility list used for
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST

37. Vlan pooling
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn

38. What is the radius server override interface option under WLAN-->AAA?
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)

39. When submitting a CSR from ACS
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
no
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store

40. How long before an HREAP goes into disconnected/standalone mode
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
300ms
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
100 local accounts max

41. Enhanced Neighbor list - E2E
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame

42. What must be configured for SSO authentication to work
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.

43. Steps to setting up an out-of-band virtual gateway NAS setup
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
MFP
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn

44. How to set up tacacs roles in ACS for WLC authorization
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.

45. Ports to open on fw to allow foreign to anchor controller tunnel to be built
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)

46. Steps to roaming in 802.1R
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages

47. Briefly describe peap
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re

48. Is data encrypted over a capwap tunnel?
802.11w
PKI
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config

49. What is Conditional Web Redirect
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute

50. IAPP roaming protocol
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.