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CCNP Wireless Security

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. Vlan pooling
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi

2. What are virtual domains used for in WCS
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
802.11w
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs

3. Authentication types used by SNMPv3
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA

4. Switch global config to enable dot1x radius server
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>

5. Steps to config. .1x for AP to WLC connections
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS

6. 3 categories of segmented traffic
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
uses certificates

7. Steps to installing Server Cert into ACS
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
uses certificates
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n

8. Directed Roam Request
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
MFP

9. What is used for HREAP Roaming re: keying
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.

10. How does client MFP work
no
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
MFP

11. What is 802.11w?
PKI
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
MFP

12. What does IBN allow you to assign
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
PKI

13. What are mping and eping used for from the wlc cli
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -

14. How does CCKM simplify PMK Caching
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.

15. What is Ciscos gold confidence level deployment of wIPS aps in a walled environment
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto

16. What is the radius server override interface option under WLAN-->AAA?
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.

17. What is a mobility list used for
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
MFP

18. How to add IPS TLS info to WLC
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
HTTPS
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2

19. Briefly describe peap
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML

20. How fast is fast secure roaming
-150ms
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.

21. 2 different types of wIPS deployment
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)

22. Things to Enable in ACS (Global Authentication Page) for PEAP support
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.

23. What is the WLAN-->Advanced--> DIagnostic Channel used for
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
300ms
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5

24. How does the Nac Appliance Agent (NAA) work cohesively with 802.1x
HTTPS
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing

25. Peap fast reconnect
100 local accounts max
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization

26. Ports to open on fw to allow foreign to anchor controller tunnel to be built
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
UDP 5246 & 5247

27. Briefly describe eap-tls
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
uses certificates

28. How to set up tacacs roles in ACS for WLC authorization
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)

29. Reason why you can NOT use WLC RADIUS server to auth. against OpenLDAP or Win-2003 (or later)
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2

30. When submitting a CSR from ACS
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed

31. Is data encrypted over a capwap tunnel?
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization

32. Steps to adding an IPS
x509v3 certificate
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config

33. Encryption types used by SNMPv3
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
100 local accounts max
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128

34. Steps to auth with NAA w/ SSO
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.

35. What triggers can initiate a WLC to request a client to roam
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)

36. Steps to setting up an out-of-band virtual gateway NAS setup
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst

37. How is IBN implemented on a WLAN
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.

38. When will a WLC use a Local EAP profile?
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
mfp-v2
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs

39. Enhanced Neighbor list - E2E
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store

40. Will foreign/anchor communication work through PAT?
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
no

41. What is Conditional Web Redirect
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+

42. Main elements of a NAC deployment
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control

43. What is needed to use Locally Significat Certificates (LSC) when establishing tunnel from OEAP to WLC
PKI
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.

44. What protocol to WLCs use to communicate with IPS
PKI
HTTPS
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name

45. 3 modes of radius fallback
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself

46. What must be configured the same for an HREAP not to disconnect clients when failing over (or back) to a WLC
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS

47. 6 criteria types for rogue classification
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required

48. How is OEAP encrypted
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA

49. What does Fast Secure Roaming use re: Keying
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM

50. What must be configd on ACS to enable dot1x from switch
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization