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CCNP Wireless Security

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How is IBN-QoS
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac

2. What does a wired IPS do compared to the WLC IDS
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.

3. How long before an HREAP goes into disconnected/standalone mode
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
300ms
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events

4. How fast is fast secure roaming
-150ms
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)

5. Steps to posture assesment
HTTPS
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
mfp-v2
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.

6. Directed Roam Request
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA

7. What part of an 802.11 Beacon contains the security mechanisms in use
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration

8. Why is fast secure roaming used
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.

9. What is the caveat to having redundant anchor controllers
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
AES-Key Wrap
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes

10. Switchport config to enable dot1x on a port
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
no
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration

11. Steps to setting up an out-of-band virtual gateway NAS setup
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
no

12. NAC Deployment Types
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
802.11w
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.

13. How is the CAPWAP tunnel between AP & WLC encrypted
x509v3 certificate
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address

14. Vlan pooling
100 local accounts max
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication

15. Switch global config to enable dot1x radius server
PKI
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128

16. Main elements of a NAC deployment
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin

17. What are virtual domains used for in WCS
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration

18. Briefly describe eap-tls
100 local accounts max
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
uses certificates

19. What triggers can initiate a WLC to request a client to roam
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)

20. What are mping and eping used for from the wlc cli
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required

21. Steps to roaming in non802.1R
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)

22. What does Proactive Key Caching do
100 local accounts max
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name

23. What is the IEEE Standards version of MFP
HTTPS
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
802.11w

24. What is the WLAN-->Advanced--> DIagnostic Channel used for
HTTPS
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5

25. How is IBN implemented on a WLAN
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
-150ms

26. What kind of mgmt frames does client mfp protect
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
HTTPS
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)

27. Briefly describe peap
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
HTTPS
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -

28. What are the 4 main components of NGS re: guests
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC

29. Regulatory Compliance Acronyms
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
no
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning

30. How does client MFP work
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
-150ms
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame

31. What is Ciscos gold confidence level deployment of wIPS aps in a walled environment
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
HTTPS
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required

32. Encryption algorithm used by Certificates
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
UDP 5246 & 5247
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)

33. How is IBN-VLAN Selection implemted in ACS
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic

34. What is NGS & whats it used for
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment

35. Enhanced Neighbor list - E2E
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
100 local accounts max
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.

36. Steps to setting up out-of-band virtual gateway setup on the NAS & NAM
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
AES-Key Wrap
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla

37. What must be configured for SSO authentication to work
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication

38. How does the Nac Appliance Agent (NAA) work cohesively with 802.1x
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.

39. Protocols used in wIPS
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
mfp-v2
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning

40. 2 different types of wIPS deployment
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla

41. Describe AP Assisted Roaming
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
MFP
-150ms
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc

42. What is a mobility list used for
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
mititgate non-802.11 attacks

43. Will foreign/anchor communication work through PAT?
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
no

44. Whats added in CCXv5?
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
mfp-v2

45. RADIUS UDP Ports
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization

46. What is used for HREAP Roaming re: keying
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA

47. Encryption types used by SNMPv3
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
AES-Key Wrap
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128

48. What ports does OEAP use to connect to anchor WLC
UDP 5246 & 5247
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA

49. Steps to configure wlcs for guest wlan
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
PKI
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC

50. Whats in CCXv4?
no
100 local accounts max
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac