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CCNP Wireless Security

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. When submitting a CSR from ACS
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
300ms
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store

2. How long before an HREAP goes into disconnected/standalone mode
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
300ms

3. Why add an IPS if WLCs already detect attacks.
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
no
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.

4. Steps to setting up an out-of-band virtual gateway NAS setup
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst

5. Encryption algorithm used by Certificates
300ms
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network

6. How fast is fast secure roaming
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
-150ms
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn

7. What is Ciscos gold confidence level deployment of wIPS aps in a walled environment
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time

8. What does Proactive Key Caching do
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs

9. How is IBN implemented on a WLAN
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication

10. How is IBN-VLAN Selection implemted in ACS
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic

11. AAA override
MFP
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)

12. What does IBN allow you to assign
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
uses certificates
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn

13. Difference between MFP-1 & MFP-2
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
100 local accounts max

14. What triggers can initiate a WLC to request a client to roam
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
mititgate non-802.11 attacks

15. What is NGS & whats it used for
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing

16. Switchport config to enable dot1x on a port
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn

17. Enhanced Neighbor list - E2E
uses certificates
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC

18. Steps to roaming in 802.1R
AES-Key Wrap
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin

19. Steps to posture assesment
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)

20. Briefly describe eap-tls
uses certificates
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration

21. What is HREAP Local Auth limitation
100 local accounts max
UDP 5246 & 5247
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)

22. How is IBN-QoS
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
no
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.

23. How is the CAPWAP tunnel between AP & WLC encrypted
x509v3 certificate
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID

24. Difference between mobility list and mobility group
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups

25. Steps to auth with NAA w/ SSO
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS

26. Is data encrypted over a capwap tunnel?
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config

27. Why is fast secure roaming used
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
no

28. What must be configured the same for an HREAP not to disconnect clients when failing over (or back) to a WLC
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
uses certificates
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control

29. IAPP roaming protocol
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.

30. Whats in CCXv4?
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time

31. What are virtual domains used for in WCS
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
802.11w
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.

32. What kind of local 802.1x auth. does HREAP support
uses certificates
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.

33. What kind of mgmt frames does client mfp protect
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)

34. What must be configd on ACS to enable dot1x from switch
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment

35. Directed Roam Request
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy

36. Things to Enable in ACS (Global Authentication Page) for PEAP support
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC

37. How is encryption established between OEAP & Anchor WLC
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)

38. Regulatory Compliance Acronyms
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
PKI
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst

39. Reason why you can NOT use WLC RADIUS server to auth. against OpenLDAP or Win-2003 (or later)
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
uses certificates
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.

40. Steps to installing Server Cert into ACS
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5

41. 6 criteria types for rogue classification
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -

42. When will a WLC use a Local EAP profile?
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
802.11w
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
UDP 5246 & 5247

43. What is the WLAN-->Advanced--> DIagnostic Channel used for
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
AES-Key Wrap

44. How to set up tacacs roles in ACS for WLC authorization
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc

45. Encryption types used by SNMPv3
MFP
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups

46. Ports to open on fw to allow foreign to anchor controller tunnel to be built
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst

47. 3 modes of radius fallback
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed

48. Switch global config to enable dot1x radius server
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST

49. RADIUS UDP Ports
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
MFP

50. What is 802.11w?
MFP
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.