Test your basic knowledge |

CCNP Wireless Security

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Will foreign/anchor communication work through PAT?
no
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla

2. Methods for authenticating to NAC
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration

3. What CCX version is required for CCKM
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST

4. Enhanced Neighbor list - E2E
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
mfp-v2
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.

5. When will a WLC use a Local EAP profile?
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)

6. What is Ciscos gold confidence level deployment of wIPS aps in a walled environment
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA

7. How to set up tacacs roles in ACS for WLC authorization
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network

8. 2 different types of wIPS deployment
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)

9. What is HREAP Local Auth limitation
MFP
100 local accounts max
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.

10. What kind of mgmt frames does client mfp protect
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)

11. Steps to config. .1x for AP to WLC connections
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
x509v3 certificate
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
UDP 5246 & 5247

12. What must be configd on ACS to enable dot1x from switch
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.

13. Switchport config to enable dot1x on a port
uses certificates
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy

14. 3 categories of segmented traffic
PKI
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization

15. 3 modes of radius fallback
AES-Key Wrap
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed

16. How long before an HREAP goes into disconnected/standalone mode
uses certificates
mfp-v2
300ms
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.

17. How does the Nac Appliance Agent (NAA) work cohesively with 802.1x
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
UDP 5246 & 5247
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic

18. Peap fast reconnect
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128

19. Ports to open on fw to allow foreign to anchor controller tunnel to be built
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
UDP 5246 & 5247
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic

20. Difference between MFP-1 & MFP-2
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
mfp-v2

21. What does a wired IPS do compared to the WLC IDS
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re

22. What kind of local 802.1x auth. does HREAP support
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
uses certificates
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto

23. Whats in CCXv4?
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac

24. Enhanced Neighbor list
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
PKI

25. Client Roaming Reasons
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing

26. What does Proactive Key Caching do
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing

27. Briefly describe eap-tls
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
uses certificates

28. Steps to installing Server Cert into ACS
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM

29. What are mping and eping used for from the wlc cli
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
HTTPS
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.

30. NAC Deployment Types
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic

31. What does Fast Secure Roaming use re: Keying
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla

32. Steps to setting up out-of-band virtual gateway setup on the NAS & NAM
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute

33. What part of an 802.11 Beacon contains the security mechanisms in use
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control

34. Briefly describe eap-mschapv2
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML

35. Directed Roam Request
802.11w
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed

36. What is 802.11w?
MFP
no
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.

37. Protocols used in wIPS
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients

38. What ports does OEAP use to connect to anchor WLC
UDP 5246 & 5247
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin

39. RADIUS UDP Ports
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages

40. Is data encrypted over a capwap tunnel?
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself

41. Vlan pooling
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin

42. Describe AP Assisted Roaming
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
AES-Key Wrap
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2

43. What must be configured for SSO authentication to work
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC

44. Reason why you can NOT use WLC RADIUS server to auth. against OpenLDAP or Win-2003 (or later)
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac

45. IAPP roaming protocol
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams

46. How is the CAPWAP tunnel between AP & WLC encrypted
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
x509v3 certificate

47. What is the WLAN-->Advanced--> DIagnostic Channel used for
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
UDP 5246 & 5247

48. How is IBN-VLAN Selection implemted in ACS
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS

49. What is Conditional Web Redirect
x509v3 certificate
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute

50. Whats included in 802.11-2012
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac