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CCNP Wireless Security

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Whats in CCXv4?
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2

2. What does IBN allow you to assign
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes

3. What does Proactive Key Caching do
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
MFP

4. Protocols used in wIPS
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.

5. What protocol to WLCs use to communicate with IPS
HTTPS
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
-150ms

6. Regulatory Compliance Acronyms
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.

7. How is OEAP encrypted
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment

8. What must be configured for SSO authentication to work
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC

9. IAPP roaming protocol
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute

10. Reason why you can NOT use WLC RADIUS server to auth. against OpenLDAP or Win-2003 (or later)
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.

11. Describe AP Assisted Roaming
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2

12. Steps to posture assesment
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)

13. Steps to roaming in non802.1R
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake

14. What are mping and eping used for from the wlc cli
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
HTTPS
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.

15. Vlan pooling
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)

16. How fast is fast secure roaming
-150ms
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events

17. Briefly describe eap-tls
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
uses certificates
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
PKI

18. Whats added in CCXv5?
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
HTTPS
mfp-v2
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)

19. Steps to config. .1x for AP to WLC connections
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.

20. What is needed to use Locally Significat Certificates (LSC) when establishing tunnel from OEAP to WLC
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
PKI
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.

21. Why add an IPS if WLCs already detect attacks.
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages

22. What is NGS & whats it used for
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla

23. Eap process/messages
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing

24. Briefly describe eap-mschapv2
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS

25. Methods for authenticating to NAC
100 local accounts max
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients

26. Difference between mobility list and mobility group
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups

27. WLC Tacacs+ roles
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
MFP

28. What is Conditional Web Redirect
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
802.11w
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time

29. What must be configd on ACS to enable dot1x from switch
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning

30. What are the 4 main components of NGS re: guests
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
uses certificates

31. How to set up tacacs roles in ACS for WLC authorization
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc

32. 802.11R
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
uses certificates

33. How is encryption established between OEAP & Anchor WLC
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration

34. 2 different types of wIPS deployment
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
MFP
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate

35. What does Fast Secure Roaming use re: Keying
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM

36. Whats included in 802.11-2012
x509v3 certificate
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
mititgate non-802.11 attacks

37. 6 criteria types for rogue classification
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization

38. How is the CAPWAP tunnel between AP & WLC encrypted
x509v3 certificate
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM

39. Difference between MFP-1 & MFP-2
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
PKI
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc

40. How does CCKM simplify PMK Caching
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
UDP 5246 & 5247
-150ms

41. Steps to setting up an out-of-band virtual gateway NAS setup
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn

42. Peap fast reconnect
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
mfp-v2
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning

43. Is data encrypted over a capwap tunnel?
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config

44. How to add IPS TLS info to WLC
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.

45. What is the caveat to having redundant anchor controllers
100 local accounts max
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
mfp-v2
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake

46. What is the radius server override interface option under WLAN-->AAA?
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
-150ms
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC

47. Enhanced Neighbor list
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)

48. How is IBN-VLAN Selection implemted in ACS
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.

49. How does client MFP work
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment

50. Main elements of a NAC deployment
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac