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CCNP Wireless Security

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Steps to installing Server Cert into ACS
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla

2. What does IBN allow you to assign
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re

3. Is data encrypted over a capwap tunnel?
x509v3 certificate
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.

4. Briefly describe peap
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst

5. AAA override
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)

6. Reason why you can NOT use WLC RADIUS server to auth. against OpenLDAP or Win-2003 (or later)
MFP
no
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc

7. What are mping and eping used for from the wlc cli
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS

8. What is Ciscos gold confidence level deployment of wIPS aps in a walled environment
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events

9. Steps to setting up an out-of-band virtual gateway NAS setup
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.

10. 2 different types of wIPS deployment
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate

11. What does Fast Secure Roaming use re: Keying
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic

12. Protocols used in wIPS
x509v3 certificate
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML

13. How does client MFP work
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)

14. Vlan pooling
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>

15. What is the IEEE Standards version of MFP
802.11w
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
-150ms

16. Difference between mobility list and mobility group
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.

17. What does a wired IPS do compared to the WLC IDS
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network

18. 6 criteria types for rogue classification
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
300ms
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID

19. What is Conditional Web Redirect
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs

20. What does FIPS-2 require for WLC to RADIUS communications
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
AES-Key Wrap
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.

21. What are virtual domains used for in WCS
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
PKI
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.

22. Steps to auth with NAA w/ SSO
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.

23. Why add an IPS if WLCs already detect attacks.
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.

24. Ports to open on fw to allow foreign to anchor controller tunnel to be built
MFP
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing

25. What is included in a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK)
MFP
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.

26. Regulatory Compliance Acronyms
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
used with PEAP for user/password authentication

27. What is 802.11w?
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
MFP

28. When will a WLC use a Local EAP profile?
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.

29. Steps to config. .1x for AP to WLC connections
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)

30. Authentication types used by SNMPv3
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc

31. What is NGS & whats it used for
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac

32. How to set up tacacs roles in ACS for WLC authorization
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc

33. How is OEAP encrypted
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)

34. How long before an HREAP goes into disconnected/standalone mode
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
300ms
100 local accounts max
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate

35. Whats included in 802.11-2012
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n

36. How does infrastructure MFP work
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment

37. What triggers can initiate a WLC to request a client to roam
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.

38. IAPP roaming protocol
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.

39. RADIUS UDP Ports
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
used with PEAP for user/password authentication

40. What does Proactive Key Caching do
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
UDP 5246 & 5247
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.

41. Encryption types used by SNMPv3
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2

42. Describe AP Assisted Roaming
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2

43. What must be configd on ACS to enable dot1x from switch
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration

44. Will foreign/anchor communication work through PAT?
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
no
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5

45. How fast is fast secure roaming
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
UDP 5246 & 5247
-150ms
MFP

46. What protocol to WLCs use to communicate with IPS
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
HTTPS
AES-Key Wrap

47. Whats added in CCXv5?
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
no
mfp-v2
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.

48. How is IBN implemented on a WLAN
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.

49. Encryption algorithm used by Certificates
MFP
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.

50. Switchport config to enable dot1x on a port
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
PKI