Test your basic knowledge |

CCNP Wireless Security

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is needed to use Locally Significat Certificates (LSC) when establishing tunnel from OEAP to WLC
300ms
PKI
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)

2. Steps to posture assesment
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed

3. What kind of mgmt frames does client mfp protect
PKI
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)

4. Steps to setting up out-of-band virtual gateway setup on the NAS & NAM
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+

5. Describe AP Assisted Roaming
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto

6. Difference between MFP-1 & MFP-2
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin

7. Steps to roaming in non802.1R
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
-150ms

8. When PKC is used
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate

9. What kind of local 802.1x auth. does HREAP support
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re

10. What are the 4 main components of NGS re: guests
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn

11. Will foreign/anchor communication work through PAT?
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
no
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
mfp-v2

12. Enhanced Neighbor list
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients

13. What does Fast Secure Roaming use re: Keying
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM

14. What is included in a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK)
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
MFP
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients

15. How does client MFP work
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame

16. Briefly describe eap-tls
300ms
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
uses certificates
UDP 5246 & 5247

17. Reason why you can NOT use WLC RADIUS server to auth. against OpenLDAP or Win-2003 (or later)
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS

18. Briefly describe peap
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
mfp-v2
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2

19. What is used for HREAP Roaming re: keying
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.

20. What is Ciscos gold confidence level deployment of wIPS aps in a walled environment
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.

21. Things to Enable in ACS (Global Authentication Page) for PEAP support
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC

22. What must be configd on ACS to enable dot1x from switch
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning

23. Whats included in 802.11-2012
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -

24. Difference between mobility list and mobility group
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
UDP 5246 & 5247

25. Steps to adding an IPS
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
PKI
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)

26. How to set up tacacs roles in ACS for WLC authorization
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc

27. What is the radius server override interface option under WLAN-->AAA?
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address

28. Steps to setting up an out-of-band virtual gateway NAS setup
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.

29. What are mping and eping used for from the wlc cli
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
MFP
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)

30. Switchport config to enable dot1x on a port
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
-150ms
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto

31. Encryption types used by SNMPv3
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn

32. How fast is fast secure roaming
-150ms
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS

33. What does FIPS-2 require for WLC to RADIUS communications
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
AES-Key Wrap

34. Why add an IPS if WLCs already detect attacks.
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
MFP
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)

35. What are virtual domains used for in WCS
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi

36. Briefly describe eap-mschapv2
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config

37. How does the Nac Appliance Agent (NAA) work cohesively with 802.1x
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA

38. Switch global config to enable dot1x radius server
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>

39. Enhanced Neighbor list - E2E
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
used with PEAP for user/password authentication

40. How does CCKM simplify PMK Caching
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
AES-Key Wrap
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed

41. Is data encrypted over a capwap tunnel?
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
x509v3 certificate
AES-Key Wrap
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config

42. How is OEAP encrypted
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config

43. What is HREAP Local Auth limitation
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
100 local accounts max
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)

44. IAPP roaming protocol
mfp-v2
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams

45. How is IBN implemented on a WLAN
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
MFP
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)

46. Whats in CCXv4?
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration

47. What is 802.11w?
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
MFP
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS

48. Regulatory Compliance Acronyms
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
mfp-v2
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control

49. What does IBN allow you to assign
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
300ms
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes

50. Steps to installing Server Cert into ACS
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.