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CCNP Wireless Security

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Peap fast reconnect
300ms
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time

2. What is 802.11w?
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
MFP
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself

3. How to add IPS TLS info to WLC
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128

4. Will foreign/anchor communication work through PAT?
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
no
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config

5. How is encryption established between OEAP & Anchor WLC
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
802.11w
100 local accounts max
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto

6. What does IBN allow you to assign
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.

7. Steps to config. .1x for AP to WLC connections
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS

8. Protocols used in wIPS
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML

9. What kind of mgmt frames does client mfp protect
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
PKI
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)

10. When submitting a CSR from ACS
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)

11. What is Conditional Web Redirect
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.

12. Steps to setting up an out-of-band virtual gateway NAS setup
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
300ms
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2

13. Briefly describe peap
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
-150ms
UDP 5246 & 5247
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication

14. Steps to auth with NAA w/ SSO
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
uses certificates
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li

15. How is IBN-QoS
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name

16. What is included in a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK)
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.

17. Steps to posture assesment
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re

18. Steps to setting up out-of-band virtual gateway setup on the NAS & NAM
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
MFP
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla

19. What ports does OEAP use to connect to anchor WLC
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
UDP 5246 & 5247
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address

20. What protocol to WLCs use to communicate with IPS
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
HTTPS

21. 2 different types of wIPS deployment
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
300ms
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate

22. How to set up tacacs roles in ACS for WLC authorization
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin

23. Steps to configure wlcs for guest wlan
uses certificates
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning

24. What part of an 802.11 Beacon contains the security mechanisms in use
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.

25. What does Proactive Key Caching do
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla

26. AAA override
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID

27. Vlan pooling
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin

28. 802.11R
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
802.11w
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
-150ms

29. WLC Tacacs+ roles
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)

30. RADIUS UDP Ports
mfp-v2
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration

31. What triggers can initiate a WLC to request a client to roam
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required

32. What is the radius server override interface option under WLAN-->AAA?
PKI
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.

33. What is used for HREAP Roaming re: keying
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.

34. How does the Nac Appliance Agent (NAA) work cohesively with 802.1x
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
UDP 5246 & 5247
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself

35. What must be configd on ACS to enable dot1x from switch
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla

36. NAC Deployment Types
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic

37. Reason why you can NOT use WLC RADIUS server to auth. against OpenLDAP or Win-2003 (or later)
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
x509v3 certificate
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.

38. How fast is fast secure roaming
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
-150ms

39. What does a wired IPS do compared to the WLC IDS
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi

40. Things to Enable in ACS (Global Authentication Page) for PEAP support
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li

41. Whats in CCXv4?
100 local accounts max
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)

42. 3 categories of segmented traffic
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto

43. How is IBN implemented on a WLAN
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages

44. What is a mobility list used for
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.

45. What are mping and eping used for from the wlc cli
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re

46. What does Fast Secure Roaming use re: Keying
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
mfp-v2
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM

47. Why is fast secure roaming used
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li

48. Ports to open on fw to allow foreign to anchor controller tunnel to be built
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.

49. What is the caveat to having redundant anchor controllers
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
HTTPS
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake

50. Steps to roaming in non802.1R
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
uses certificates