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CCNP Wireless Security

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How fast is fast secure roaming
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
AES-Key Wrap
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
-150ms

2. How is OEAP encrypted
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.

3. When submitting a CSR from ACS
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.

4. What must be configured the same for an HREAP not to disconnect clients when failing over (or back) to a WLC
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy

5. What is Conditional Web Redirect
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute

6. Steps to config. .1x for AP to WLC connections
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name

7. What is a mobility list used for
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups

8. What does IBN allow you to assign
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes

9. What CCX version is required for CCKM
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst

10. Whats in CCXv4?
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
PKI
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac

11. What kind of local 802.1x auth. does HREAP support
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n

12. Will foreign/anchor communication work through PAT?
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
HTTPS
no

13. Vlan pooling
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.

14. Briefly describe eap-mschapv2
AES-Key Wrap
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
used with PEAP for user/password authentication

15. WLC Tacacs+ roles
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)

16. What is NGS & whats it used for
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li

17. Client Roaming Reasons
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages

18. How is IBN-QoS
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config

19. What ports does OEAP use to connect to anchor WLC
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
UDP 5246 & 5247
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing

20. RADIUS UDP Ports
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.

21. What does a wired IPS do compared to the WLC IDS
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
AES-Key Wrap
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi

22. Whats added in CCXv5?
mfp-v2
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)

23. Enhanced Neighbor list
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
AES-Key Wrap
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.

24. What is the WLAN-->Advanced--> DIagnostic Channel used for
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+

25. Why add an IPS if WLCs already detect attacks.
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
mfp-v2
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.

26. 3 modes of radius fallback
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
x509v3 certificate
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed

27. What does Proactive Key Caching do
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
HTTPS
mititgate non-802.11 attacks

28. What must be configured for SSO authentication to work
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC

29. Peap fast reconnect
100 local accounts max
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.

30. Ports to open on fw to allow foreign to anchor controller tunnel to be built
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic

31. Difference between mobility list and mobility group
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
AES-Key Wrap
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups

32. How does client MFP work
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto

33. Switchport config to enable dot1x on a port
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+

34. Encryption types used by SNMPv3
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)

35. What is needed to use Locally Significat Certificates (LSC) when establishing tunnel from OEAP to WLC
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
PKI
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA

36. Briefly describe peap
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li

37. What is Ciscos gold confidence level deployment of wIPS aps in a walled environment
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID

38. Steps to configure wlcs for guest wlan
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication

39. How does infrastructure MFP work
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events

40. Steps to roaming in 802.1R
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages

41. How is IBN implemented on a WLAN
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
100 local accounts max
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.

42. What triggers can initiate a WLC to request a client to roam
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients

43. 802.11R
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required

44. Enhanced Neighbor list - E2E
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>

45. What does Fast Secure Roaming use re: Keying
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto

46. Whats included in 802.11-2012
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)

47. What is included in a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK)
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
mfp-v2

48. When PKC is used
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)

49. IAPP roaming protocol
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network

50. Steps to installing Server Cert into ACS
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
MFP
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2