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CCNP Wireless Security

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What does FIPS-2 require for WLC to RADIUS communications
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
AES-Key Wrap
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi

2. How is the CAPWAP tunnel between AP & WLC encrypted
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
300ms
x509v3 certificate

3. When will a WLC use a Local EAP profile?
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS

4. Methods for authenticating to NAC
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.

5. What CCX version is required for CCKM
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.

6. Steps to roaming in 802.1R
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
HTTPS

7. How does client MFP work
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)

8. Peap fast reconnect
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
mfp-v2
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs

9. Vlan pooling
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin

10. Enhanced Neighbor list - E2E
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla

11. What ports does OEAP use to connect to anchor WLC
-150ms
uses certificates
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
UDP 5246 & 5247

12. How is OEAP encrypted
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
mfp-v2
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5

13. What does Proactive Key Caching do
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
802.11w
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)

14. What are virtual domains used for in WCS
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required

15. IAPP roaming protocol
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams

16. How long before an HREAP goes into disconnected/standalone mode
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
300ms
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute

17. What is used for HREAP Roaming re: keying
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame

18. Difference between mobility list and mobility group
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
mfp-v2

19. What protocol to WLCs use to communicate with IPS
HTTPS
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto

20. Is data encrypted over a capwap tunnel?
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config

21. 3 categories of segmented traffic
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events

22. What is the IEEE Standards version of MFP
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
802.11w
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time

23. Steps to posture assesment
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
UDP 5246 & 5247
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST

24. 2 different types of wIPS deployment
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate

25. Why is fast secure roaming used
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment

26. Steps to configure wlcs for guest wlan
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate

27. What is Conditional Web Redirect
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC

28. What does IBN allow you to assign
no
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
mfp-v2
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events

29. What kind of mgmt frames does client mfp protect
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li

30. Enhanced Neighbor list
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.

31. Steps to installing Server Cert into ACS
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
uses certificates

32. How to add IPS TLS info to WLC
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla

33. How is IBN-QoS
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning

34. 6 criteria types for rogue classification
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
MFP
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.

35. Whats included in 802.11-2012
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
UDP 5246 & 5247

36. What is the caveat to having redundant anchor controllers
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events

37. Switch global config to enable dot1x radius server
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla

38. What is the radius server override interface option under WLAN-->AAA?
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
mititgate non-802.11 attacks

39. How fast is fast secure roaming
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
300ms
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
-150ms

40. Eap process/messages
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi

41. 802.11R
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address

42. Protocols used in wIPS
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
PKI
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML

43. Describe AP Assisted Roaming
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
HTTPS

44. What must be configd on ACS to enable dot1x from switch
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store

45. Steps to config. .1x for AP to WLC connections
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA

46. Regulatory Compliance Acronyms
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
PKI
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+

47. Steps to setting up an out-of-band virtual gateway NAS setup
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn

48. Authentication types used by SNMPv3
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA

49. What is Ciscos gold confidence level deployment of wIPS aps in a walled environment
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.

50. Switchport config to enable dot1x on a port
100 local accounts max
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)