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CCNP Wireless Security

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. How to set up tacacs roles in ACS for WLC authorization
300ms
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc

2. Reason why you can NOT use WLC RADIUS server to auth. against OpenLDAP or Win-2003 (or later)
PKI
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning

3. What does a wired IPS do compared to the WLC IDS
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
mititgate non-802.11 attacks

4. How is encryption established between OEAP & Anchor WLC
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
no
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.

5. AAA override
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC

6. What does Proactive Key Caching do
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network

7. Is data encrypted over a capwap tunnel?
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto

8. Briefly describe peap
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
-150ms
300ms
PKI

9. What is the IEEE Standards version of MFP
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
802.11w
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM

10. 2 different types of wIPS deployment
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address

11. Switchport config to enable dot1x on a port
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto

12. 3 modes of radius fallback
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc

13. What is Conditional Web Redirect
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST

14. How fast is fast secure roaming
mfp-v2
-150ms
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5

15. 6 criteria types for rogue classification
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.

16. What is Ciscos gold confidence level deployment of wIPS aps in a walled environment
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
PKI

17. How is IBN-VLAN Selection implemted in ACS
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
uses certificates
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.

18. Eap process/messages
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy

19. When submitting a CSR from ACS
UDP 5246 & 5247
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store

20. What must be configd on ACS to enable dot1x from switch
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
used with PEAP for user/password authentication

21. What kind of mgmt frames does client mfp protect
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.

22. Describe AP Assisted Roaming
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address

23. How is OEAP encrypted
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)

24. How to add IPS TLS info to WLC
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA

25. Peap fast reconnect
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -

26. What does Fast Secure Roaming use re: Keying
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128

27. What kind of local 802.1x auth. does HREAP support
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
HTTPS

28. How does CCKM simplify PMK Caching
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.

29. Steps to auth with NAA w/ SSO
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li

30. How long before an HREAP goes into disconnected/standalone mode
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
300ms
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)

31. What is the WLAN-->Advanced--> DIagnostic Channel used for
AES-Key Wrap
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.

32. How does client MFP work
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
uses certificates
mfp-v2
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame

33. What must be configured for SSO authentication to work
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC

34. What is a mobility list used for
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)

35. Steps to config. .1x for AP to WLC connections
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
AES-Key Wrap
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups

36. What are mping and eping used for from the wlc cli
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.

37. Whats in CCXv4?
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
x509v3 certificate
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac

38. 3 categories of segmented traffic
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC

39. Steps to setting up out-of-band virtual gateway setup on the NAS & NAM
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
MFP
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name

40. Steps to roaming in non802.1R
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>

41. How does infrastructure MFP work
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
UDP 5246 & 5247
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time

42. Switch global config to enable dot1x radius server
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store

43. Regulatory Compliance Acronyms
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
MFP

44. NAC Deployment Types
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.

45. Vlan pooling
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.

46. Whats included in 802.11-2012
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n

47. Whats added in CCXv5?
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
mfp-v2

48. Encryption types used by SNMPv3
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame

49. What part of an 802.11 Beacon contains the security mechanisms in use
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing

50. When will a WLC use a Local EAP profile?
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
x509v3 certificate
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication