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CCNP Wireless Security

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is used for HREAP Roaming re: keying
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n

2. How does client MFP work
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
AES-Key Wrap
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic

3. Briefly describe eap-tls
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
uses certificates
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes

4. What is NGS & whats it used for
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control

5. Will foreign/anchor communication work through PAT?
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
no
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -

6. Authentication types used by SNMPv3
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin

7. Encryption types used by SNMPv3
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
no
100 local accounts max
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128

8. How to set up tacacs roles in ACS for WLC authorization
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML

9. What protocol to WLCs use to communicate with IPS
HTTPS
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn

10. What is the caveat to having redundant anchor controllers
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
MFP
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame

11. How is OEAP encrypted
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
AES-Key Wrap
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)

12. What is 802.11w?
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
MFP
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.

13. Steps to setting up out-of-band virtual gateway setup on the NAS & NAM
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic

14. AAA override
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n

15. Steps to configure wlcs for guest wlan
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n

16. What does Proactive Key Caching do
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
uses certificates
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.

17. 2 different types of wIPS deployment
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required

18. What is needed to use Locally Significat Certificates (LSC) when establishing tunnel from OEAP to WLC
PKI
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control

19. How fast is fast secure roaming
-150ms
UDP 5246 & 5247
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.

20. When PKC is used
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
802.11w
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.

21. What does IBN allow you to assign
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes

22. How is IBN-QoS
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name

23. What is the WLAN-->Advanced--> DIagnostic Channel used for
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC

24. Regulatory Compliance Acronyms
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame

25. What is HREAP Local Auth limitation
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
100 local accounts max
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla

26. Steps to roaming in non802.1R
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac

27. Is data encrypted over a capwap tunnel?
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>

28. Why add an IPS if WLCs already detect attacks.
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.

29. What are the 4 main components of NGS re: guests
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself

30. What must be configured for SSO authentication to work
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC

31. What kind of mgmt frames does client mfp protect
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)

32. How does infrastructure MFP work
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC

33. What kind of local 802.1x auth. does HREAP support
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi

34. Encryption algorithm used by Certificates
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
UDP 5246 & 5247

35. IAPP roaming protocol
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
-150ms
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams

36. Ports to open on fw to allow foreign to anchor controller tunnel to be built
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic

37. 3 categories of segmented traffic
PKI
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS

38. What is a mobility list used for
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration

39. What is the IEEE Standards version of MFP
-150ms
802.11w
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.

40. What triggers can initiate a WLC to request a client to roam
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic

41. What is Ciscos gold confidence level deployment of wIPS aps in a walled environment
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
x509v3 certificate
mfp-v2
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.

42. Whats added in CCXv5?
uses certificates
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
mfp-v2
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing

43. Whats included in 802.11-2012
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required

44. Steps to adding an IPS
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events

45. How is IBN implemented on a WLAN
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
-150ms
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
uses certificates

46. Steps to installing Server Cert into ACS
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate

47. What is included in a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK)
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups

48. 802.11R
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM

49. Methods for authenticating to NAC
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
300ms

50. What does Fast Secure Roaming use re: Keying
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM