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CCNP Wireless Security

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. Whats in CCXv4?
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
PKI
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac

2. What is included in a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK)
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing

3. Is data encrypted over a capwap tunnel?
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing

4. Will foreign/anchor communication work through PAT?
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
no
100 local accounts max

5. What does FIPS-2 require for WLC to RADIUS communications
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
AES-Key Wrap
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.

6. Eap process/messages
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store

7. Why add an IPS if WLCs already detect attacks.
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re

8. 802.11R
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC

9. WLC Tacacs+ roles
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -

10. Ports to open on fw to allow foreign to anchor controller tunnel to be built
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame

11. Steps to auth with NAA w/ SSO
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
no

12. Difference between MFP-1 & MFP-2
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network

13. Steps to setting up an out-of-band virtual gateway NAS setup
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
UDP 5246 & 5247

14. When PKC is used
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy

15. How is IBN-VLAN Selection implemted in ACS
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
AES-Key Wrap
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.

16. Whats added in CCXv5?
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
mfp-v2

17. What are virtual domains used for in WCS
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
x509v3 certificate

18. AAA override
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)

19. Things to Enable in ACS (Global Authentication Page) for PEAP support
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC

20. What does Proactive Key Caching do
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA

21. How does client MFP work
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
-150ms
uses certificates

22. When will a WLC use a Local EAP profile?
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic

23. Authentication types used by SNMPv3
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients

24. What is the IEEE Standards version of MFP
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
802.11w
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.

25. Steps to setting up out-of-band virtual gateway setup on the NAS & NAM
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla

26. Describe AP Assisted Roaming
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors

27. What is a mobility list used for
PKI
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.

28. Protocols used in wIPS
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla

29. Vlan pooling
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst

30. What kind of local 802.1x auth. does HREAP support
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>

31. Whats included in 802.11-2012
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n

32. What is used for HREAP Roaming re: keying
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name

33. When submitting a CSR from ACS
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5

34. What is the caveat to having redundant anchor controllers
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.

35. Main elements of a NAC deployment
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame

36. What is HREAP Local Auth limitation
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
100 local accounts max
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML

37. How long before an HREAP goes into disconnected/standalone mode
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
300ms
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)

38. How is IBN-QoS
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC

39. Peap fast reconnect
HTTPS
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute

40. Difference between mobility list and mobility group
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)

41. What are the 4 main components of NGS re: guests
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
x509v3 certificate
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
mititgate non-802.11 attacks

42. Enhanced Neighbor list
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
uses certificates
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn

43. How to set up tacacs roles in ACS for WLC authorization
HTTPS
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC

44. NAC Deployment Types
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
no
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li

45. What CCX version is required for CCKM
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration

46. Briefly describe eap-mschapv2
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS

47. What must be configured the same for an HREAP not to disconnect clients when failing over (or back) to a WLC
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
x509v3 certificate
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla

48. What does IBN allow you to assign
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
x509v3 certificate

49. What is Conditional Web Redirect
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst

50. Encryption algorithm used by Certificates
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
x509v3 certificate
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.