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CCNP Wireless Security

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Switchport config to enable dot1x on a port
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto

2. Why is fast secure roaming used
no
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi

3. What does FIPS-2 require for WLC to RADIUS communications
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
AES-Key Wrap

4. How is IBN-VLAN Selection implemted in ACS
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
AES-Key Wrap
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication

5. What is included in a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK)
uses certificates
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.

6. What is 802.11w?
MFP
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
no
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.

7. Things to Enable in ACS (Global Authentication Page) for PEAP support
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC

8. RADIUS UDP Ports
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute

9. What are the 4 main components of NGS re: guests
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store

10. Enhanced Neighbor list - E2E
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
x509v3 certificate

11. Client Roaming Reasons
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
no

12. How long before an HREAP goes into disconnected/standalone mode
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
300ms
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC

13. What does Proactive Key Caching do
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.

14. What is Ciscos gold confidence level deployment of wIPS aps in a walled environment
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.

15. Reason why you can NOT use WLC RADIUS server to auth. against OpenLDAP or Win-2003 (or later)
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients

16. Whats included in 802.11-2012
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing

17. What is the WLAN-->Advanced--> DIagnostic Channel used for
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams

18. Encryption types used by SNMPv3
PKI
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128

19. Encryption algorithm used by Certificates
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)

20. How is IBN-QoS
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages

21. Steps to setting up an out-of-band virtual gateway NAS setup
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn

22. What is used for HREAP Roaming re: keying
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.

23. When submitting a CSR from ACS
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization

24. Peap fast reconnect
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.

25. What is a mobility list used for
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
-150ms
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events

26. AAA override
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame

27. 3 categories of segmented traffic
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy

28. What does a wired IPS do compared to the WLC IDS
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
uses certificates

29. What does Fast Secure Roaming use re: Keying
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute

30. How does client MFP work
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
-150ms
HTTPS
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re

31. How is IBN implemented on a WLAN
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
300ms
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.

32. What kind of mgmt frames does client mfp protect
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors

33. Authentication types used by SNMPv3
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients

34. 6 criteria types for rogue classification
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages

35. Steps to setting up out-of-band virtual gateway setup on the NAS & NAM
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re

36. When will a WLC use a Local EAP profile?
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication

37. What are virtual domains used for in WCS
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
mititgate non-802.11 attacks

38. Why add an IPS if WLCs already detect attacks.
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.

39. Will foreign/anchor communication work through PAT?
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
no
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication

40. What kind of local 802.1x auth. does HREAP support
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)

41. Switch global config to enable dot1x radius server
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
x509v3 certificate
PKI
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>

42. Briefly describe eap-tls
uses certificates
PKI
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID

43. Steps to configure wlcs for guest wlan
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla

44. What is needed to use Locally Significat Certificates (LSC) when establishing tunnel from OEAP to WLC
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
PKI

45. What must be configured the same for an HREAP not to disconnect clients when failing over (or back) to a WLC
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration

46. Ports to open on fw to allow foreign to anchor controller tunnel to be built
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS

47. Steps to auth with NAA w/ SSO
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li

48. Is data encrypted over a capwap tunnel?
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config

49. Whats in CCXv4?
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST

50. When PKC is used
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.