Test your basic knowledge |

CCNP Wireless Security

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Enhanced Neighbor list - E2E
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM

2. Why add an IPS if WLCs already detect attacks.
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
PKI
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.

3. Encryption algorithm used by Certificates
HTTPS
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)

4. Steps to posture assesment
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
HTTPS

5. What is included in a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK)
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA

6. How is IBN-QoS
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
mfp-v2
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla

7. How does client MFP work
-150ms
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
100 local accounts max
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame

8. 2 different types of wIPS deployment
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization

9. WLC Tacacs+ roles
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.

10. Describe AP Assisted Roaming
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
300ms

11. What are virtual domains used for in WCS
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5

12. Switch global config to enable dot1x radius server
PKI
AES-Key Wrap
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst

13. How to add IPS TLS info to WLC
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS

14. What is Conditional Web Redirect
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
uses certificates
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute

15. Switchport config to enable dot1x on a port
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
uses certificates
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake

16. Difference between MFP-1 & MFP-2
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients

17. What kind of local 802.1x auth. does HREAP support
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS

18. Directed Roam Request
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+

19. Eap process/messages
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events

20. What is a mobility list used for
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac

21. AAA override
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
HTTPS

22. When submitting a CSR from ACS
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name

23. What is the IEEE Standards version of MFP
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
802.11w

24. Steps to setting up out-of-band virtual gateway setup on the NAS & NAM
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
-150ms

25. Enhanced Neighbor list
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
uses certificates
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML

26. What kind of mgmt frames does client mfp protect
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)

27. Peap fast reconnect
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS

28. What CCX version is required for CCKM
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc

29. 6 criteria types for rogue classification
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
x509v3 certificate

30. How does infrastructure MFP work
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.

31. What is NGS & whats it used for
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication

32. What is the caveat to having redundant anchor controllers
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store

33. What does Fast Secure Roaming use re: Keying
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM

34. What are the 4 main components of NGS re: guests
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself

35. What part of an 802.11 Beacon contains the security mechanisms in use
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128

36. Steps to roaming in non802.1R
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
no

37. Ports to open on fw to allow foreign to anchor controller tunnel to be built
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac

38. What is used for HREAP Roaming re: keying
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi

39. What is the radius server override interface option under WLAN-->AAA?
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address

40. When will a WLC use a Local EAP profile?
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
802.11w
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)

41. How does the Nac Appliance Agent (NAA) work cohesively with 802.1x
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.

42. Whats included in 802.11-2012
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic

43. Difference between mobility list and mobility group
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing

44. Protocols used in wIPS
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML

45. How is the CAPWAP tunnel between AP & WLC encrypted
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
x509v3 certificate
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.

46. What must be configured for SSO authentication to work
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)

47. Briefly describe eap-mschapv2
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA

48. What is Ciscos gold confidence level deployment of wIPS aps in a walled environment
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
HTTPS

49. What does Proactive Key Caching do
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi

50. 802.11R
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame