Test your basic knowledge |

CCNP Wireless Security

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Steps to roaming in 802.1R
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
HTTPS
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5

2. 3 modes of radius fallback
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed

3. Protocols used in wIPS
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC

4. Steps to installing Server Cert into ACS
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
300ms
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients

5. Why is fast secure roaming used
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi

6. Difference between mobility list and mobility group
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.

7. What is the WLAN-->Advanced--> DIagnostic Channel used for
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic

8. Steps to posture assesment
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi

9. Steps to setting up an out-of-band virtual gateway NAS setup
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML

10. Steps to adding an IPS
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2

11. What kind of local 802.1x auth. does HREAP support
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA

12. What is Ciscos gold confidence level deployment of wIPS aps in a walled environment
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
no
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.

13. What ports does OEAP use to connect to anchor WLC
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
UDP 5246 & 5247

14. What does a wired IPS do compared to the WLC IDS
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li

15. What is Conditional Web Redirect
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
PKI
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID

16. Steps to setting up out-of-band virtual gateway setup on the NAS & NAM
100 local accounts max
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5

17. How is IBN implemented on a WLAN
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients

18. Steps to auth with NAA w/ SSO
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
mfp-v2
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC

19. What is used for HREAP Roaming re: keying
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)

20. Things to Enable in ACS (Global Authentication Page) for PEAP support
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
MFP
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
100 local accounts max

21. What is a mobility list used for
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
-150ms
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.

22. When submitting a CSR from ACS
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store

23. RADIUS UDP Ports
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
100 local accounts max

24. What are the 4 main components of NGS re: guests
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)

25. Enhanced Neighbor list
x509v3 certificate
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.

26. Enhanced Neighbor list - E2E
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.

27. How fast is fast secure roaming
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
-150ms

28. How does the Nac Appliance Agent (NAA) work cohesively with 802.1x
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.

29. What protocol to WLCs use to communicate with IPS
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
HTTPS
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla

30. Will foreign/anchor communication work through PAT?
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
no
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin

31. What is the radius server override interface option under WLAN-->AAA?
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
MFP

32. What are virtual domains used for in WCS
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
uses certificates
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs

33. What does Proactive Key Caching do
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.

34. IAPP roaming protocol
UDP 5246 & 5247
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors

35. What does FIPS-2 require for WLC to RADIUS communications
-150ms
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
PKI
AES-Key Wrap

36. Describe AP Assisted Roaming
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2

37. What is 802.11w?
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
MFP

38. NAC Deployment Types
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
802.11w
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups

39. Switchport config to enable dot1x on a port
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin

40. Vlan pooling
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time

41. Briefly describe eap-mschapv2
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
AES-Key Wrap

42. Methods for authenticating to NAC
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic

43. What is HREAP Local Auth limitation
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
100 local accounts max
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication

44. Briefly describe peap
-150ms
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization

45. How to add IPS TLS info to WLC
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
-150ms
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)

46. Is data encrypted over a capwap tunnel?
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID

47. Authentication types used by SNMPv3
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA

48. Difference between MFP-1 & MFP-2
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
uses certificates
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS

49. Client Roaming Reasons
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.

50. Reason why you can NOT use WLC RADIUS server to auth. against OpenLDAP or Win-2003 (or later)
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic