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CCNP Wireless Security

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. Steps to setting up out-of-band virtual gateway setup on the NAS & NAM
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)

2. 6 criteria types for rogue classification
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)

3. Briefly describe eap-mschapv2
300ms
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2

4. What is the radius server override interface option under WLAN-->AAA?
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events

5. What is the WLAN-->Advanced--> DIagnostic Channel used for
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store

6. Vlan pooling
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID

7. Steps to config. .1x for AP to WLC connections
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla

8. What are virtual domains used for in WCS
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)

9. What triggers can initiate a WLC to request a client to roam
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
x509v3 certificate

10. When PKC is used
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients

11. WLC Tacacs+ roles
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
mititgate non-802.11 attacks

12. How is OEAP encrypted
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
uses certificates
PKI
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)

13. How does client MFP work
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
PKI

14. How to add IPS TLS info to WLC
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
x509v3 certificate
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5

15. How does CCKM simplify PMK Caching
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication

16. Switchport config to enable dot1x on a port
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
no

17. When submitting a CSR from ACS
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)

18. What is Ciscos gold confidence level deployment of wIPS aps in a walled environment
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame

19. Why is fast secure roaming used
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
300ms
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address

20. How is the CAPWAP tunnel between AP & WLC encrypted
x509v3 certificate
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS

21. Things to Enable in ACS (Global Authentication Page) for PEAP support
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
802.11w
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC

22. Main elements of a NAC deployment
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
UDP 5246 & 5247
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control

23. Steps to roaming in 802.1R
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages

24. What must be configured for SSO authentication to work
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML

25. How does the Nac Appliance Agent (NAA) work cohesively with 802.1x
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time

26. What is needed to use Locally Significat Certificates (LSC) when establishing tunnel from OEAP to WLC
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
no
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
PKI

27. What is Conditional Web Redirect
HTTPS
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.

28. Steps to installing Server Cert into ACS
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy

29. Switch global config to enable dot1x radius server
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)

30. What is included in a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK)
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs

31. Peap fast reconnect
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
HTTPS
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time

32. How to set up tacacs roles in ACS for WLC authorization
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
-150ms
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.

33. Difference between mobility list and mobility group
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
AES-Key Wrap
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn

34. Eap process/messages
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication

35. How is IBN-QoS
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
300ms

36. How fast is fast secure roaming
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
-150ms
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA

37. What is the caveat to having redundant anchor controllers
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
100 local accounts max
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed

38. Regulatory Compliance Acronyms
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA

39. What part of an 802.11 Beacon contains the security mechanisms in use
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network

40. What is HREAP Local Auth limitation
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
x509v3 certificate
100 local accounts max

41. Steps to posture assesment
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc

42. Describe AP Assisted Roaming
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication

43. What is 802.11w?
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
PKI
MFP
used with PEAP for user/password authentication

44. Difference between MFP-1 & MFP-2
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed

45. Directed Roam Request
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
100 local accounts max
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC

46. What is a mobility list used for
MFP
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS

47. IAPP roaming protocol
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2

48. How does infrastructure MFP work
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication

49. Steps to configure wlcs for guest wlan
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla

50. What is used for HREAP Roaming re: keying
AES-Key Wrap
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.