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CCNP Wireless Security

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What protocol to WLCs use to communicate with IPS
HTTPS
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic

2. AAA override
MFP
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC

3. How long before an HREAP goes into disconnected/standalone mode
100 local accounts max
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
mfp-v2
300ms

4. How is the CAPWAP tunnel between AP & WLC encrypted
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
x509v3 certificate
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.

5. Eap process/messages
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name

6. What does a wired IPS do compared to the WLC IDS
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
mititgate non-802.11 attacks

7. What is used for HREAP Roaming re: keying
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication

8. Encryption types used by SNMPv3
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
no

9. Authentication types used by SNMPv3
mfp-v2
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA

10. What is Ciscos gold confidence level deployment of wIPS aps in a walled environment
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla

11. What must be configured for SSO authentication to work
uses certificates
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
PKI

12. Describe AP Assisted Roaming
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.

13. Steps to auth with NAA w/ SSO
UDP 5246 & 5247
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+

14. What is the radius server override interface option under WLAN-->AAA?
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla

15. Encryption algorithm used by Certificates
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
UDP 5246 & 5247
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)

16. Peap fast reconnect
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups

17. How does client MFP work
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+

18. Switch global config to enable dot1x radius server
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
AES-Key Wrap
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla

19. What must be configd on ACS to enable dot1x from switch
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA

20. Vlan pooling
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin

21. Steps to posture assesment
uses certificates
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST

22. Regulatory Compliance Acronyms
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication

23. Will foreign/anchor communication work through PAT?
300ms
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
AES-Key Wrap
no

24. What is the IEEE Standards version of MFP
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
802.11w
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re

25. Steps to installing Server Cert into ACS
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst

26. What are mping and eping used for from the wlc cli
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC

27. What is a mobility list used for
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store

28. What does IBN allow you to assign
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla

29. What is needed to use Locally Significat Certificates (LSC) when establishing tunnel from OEAP to WLC
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
PKI

30. When PKC is used
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
PKI

31. Whats added in CCXv5?
mfp-v2
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
AES-Key Wrap
-150ms

32. What does Proactive Key Caching do
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config

33. Whats in CCXv4?
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
x509v3 certificate
used with PEAP for user/password authentication

34. Switchport config to enable dot1x on a port
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.

35. What are virtual domains used for in WCS
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself

36. Protocols used in wIPS
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)

37. Ports to open on fw to allow foreign to anchor controller tunnel to be built
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
UDP 5246 & 5247
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication

38. Directed Roam Request
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS

39. How is IBN-QoS
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name

40. What is the caveat to having redundant anchor controllers
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.

41. Briefly describe eap-mschapv2
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc

42. IAPP roaming protocol
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams

43. Enhanced Neighbor list - E2E
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn

44. Is data encrypted over a capwap tunnel?
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
used with PEAP for user/password authentication

45. Briefly describe peap
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin

46. How to set up tacacs roles in ACS for WLC authorization
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc

47. 2 different types of wIPS deployment
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)

48. What is included in a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK)
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages

49. How is IBN implemented on a WLAN
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li

50. Steps to config. .1x for AP to WLC connections
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS