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CCNP Wireless Security

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. When will a WLC use a Local EAP profile?
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
100 local accounts max
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)

2. What is needed to use Locally Significat Certificates (LSC) when establishing tunnel from OEAP to WLC
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
PKI
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML

3. Eap process/messages
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)

4. Authentication types used by SNMPv3
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac

5. Directed Roam Request
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs

6. Enhanced Neighbor list
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.

7. When submitting a CSR from ACS
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)

8. 802.11R
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA

9. Reason why you can NOT use WLC RADIUS server to auth. against OpenLDAP or Win-2003 (or later)
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.

10. What does IBN allow you to assign
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.

11. What kind of local 802.1x auth. does HREAP support
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto

12. Switchport config to enable dot1x on a port
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto

13. What is the WLAN-->Advanced--> DIagnostic Channel used for
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5

14. Whats included in 802.11-2012
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
100 local accounts max
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n

15. Client Roaming Reasons
-150ms
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn

16. RADIUS UDP Ports
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.

17. AAA override
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
802.11w
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.

18. Regulatory Compliance Acronyms
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA

19. Encryption algorithm used by Certificates
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)

20. Steps to config. .1x for AP to WLC connections
PKI
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.

21. What is the caveat to having redundant anchor controllers
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups

22. Steps to setting up out-of-band virtual gateway setup on the NAS & NAM
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn

23. What does FIPS-2 require for WLC to RADIUS communications
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
AES-Key Wrap
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control

24. Steps to posture assesment
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups

25. Why is fast secure roaming used
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)

26. Steps to auth with NAA w/ SSO
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA

27. Peap fast reconnect
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.

28. How is IBN-QoS
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
uses certificates
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name

29. What is Ciscos gold confidence level deployment of wIPS aps in a walled environment
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.

30. How to add IPS TLS info to WLC
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors

31. Things to Enable in ACS (Global Authentication Page) for PEAP support
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC

32. Difference between mobility list and mobility group
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
-150ms
uses certificates

33. 3 modes of radius fallback
-150ms
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed

34. Describe AP Assisted Roaming
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
802.11w
x509v3 certificate
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network

35. Whats added in CCXv5?
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
-150ms
mfp-v2

36. Will foreign/anchor communication work through PAT?
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
300ms
no
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time

37. What are mping and eping used for from the wlc cli
PKI
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)

38. How is the CAPWAP tunnel between AP & WLC encrypted
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
x509v3 certificate
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.

39. IAPP roaming protocol
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -

40. How does CCKM simplify PMK Caching
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
x509v3 certificate
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors

41. Is data encrypted over a capwap tunnel?
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name

42. Steps to configure wlcs for guest wlan
AES-Key Wrap
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA

43. What CCX version is required for CCKM
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS

44. Why add an IPS if WLCs already detect attacks.
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2

45. What are virtual domains used for in WCS
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization

46. What are the 4 main components of NGS re: guests
UDP 5246 & 5247
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.

47. Steps to roaming in non802.1R
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
MFP
no
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication

48. What is used for HREAP Roaming re: keying
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n

49. What must be configd on ACS to enable dot1x from switch
-150ms
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.

50. Enhanced Neighbor list - E2E
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n