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CCNP Wireless Security

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What triggers can initiate a WLC to request a client to roam
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time

2. AAA override
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events

3. Steps to installing Server Cert into ACS
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
UDP 5246 & 5247
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate

4. Will foreign/anchor communication work through PAT?
no
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
PKI

5. How does infrastructure MFP work
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
UDP 5246 & 5247
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5

6. How is IBN implemented on a WLAN
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
MFP
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.

7. What are the 4 main components of NGS re: guests
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.

8. What are mping and eping used for from the wlc cli
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.

9. How is IBN-QoS
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself

10. IAPP roaming protocol
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla

11. Briefly describe eap-mschapv2
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst

12. Steps to roaming in 802.1R
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name

13. What does a wired IPS do compared to the WLC IDS
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate

14. What is the IEEE Standards version of MFP
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
802.11w

15. What kind of local 802.1x auth. does HREAP support
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)

16. What is the caveat to having redundant anchor controllers
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
UDP 5246 & 5247

17. What is the radius server override interface option under WLAN-->AAA?
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address

18. What is Conditional Web Redirect
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)

19. Peap fast reconnect
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control

20. Vlan pooling
-150ms
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin

21. Encryption types used by SNMPv3
mfp-v2
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128

22. Steps to auth with NAA w/ SSO
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
UDP 5246 & 5247
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy

23. Whats added in CCXv5?
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
mfp-v2
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)

24. What protocol to WLCs use to communicate with IPS
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
HTTPS

25. Reason why you can NOT use WLC RADIUS server to auth. against OpenLDAP or Win-2003 (or later)
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
no
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.

26. What is included in a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK)
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.

27. Difference between mobility list and mobility group
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
no
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.

28. What must be configured for SSO authentication to work
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5

29. Briefly describe peap
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
used with PEAP for user/password authentication

30. Switchport config to enable dot1x on a port
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)

31. What is HREAP Local Auth limitation
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
100 local accounts max
mfp-v2

32. What does Fast Secure Roaming use re: Keying
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control

33. How does client MFP work
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
HTTPS

34. Describe AP Assisted Roaming
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
x509v3 certificate
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2

35. Main elements of a NAC deployment
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning

36. How does CCKM simplify PMK Caching
HTTPS
100 local accounts max
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.

37. Briefly describe eap-tls
100 local accounts max
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
uses certificates
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi

38. Steps to setting up out-of-band virtual gateway setup on the NAS & NAM
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address

39. Protocols used in wIPS
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.

40. How to add IPS TLS info to WLC
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.

41. What kind of mgmt frames does client mfp protect
x509v3 certificate
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
MFP

42. What is 802.11w?
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
MFP
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)

43. 3 modes of radius fallback
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)

44. How is encryption established between OEAP & Anchor WLC
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC

45. What must be configured the same for an HREAP not to disconnect clients when failing over (or back) to a WLC
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address

46. How is OEAP encrypted
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
no
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute

47. What does IBN allow you to assign
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)

48. Is data encrypted over a capwap tunnel?
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config

49. WLC Tacacs+ roles
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)

50. Ports to open on fw to allow foreign to anchor controller tunnel to be built
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame