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CCNP Wireless Security

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Steps to configure wlcs for guest wlan
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla

2. Client Roaming Reasons
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
PKI

3. Methods for authenticating to NAC
AES-Key Wrap
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.

4. How is IBN implemented on a WLAN
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy

5. What does a wired IPS do compared to the WLC IDS
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc

6. What triggers can initiate a WLC to request a client to roam
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
AES-Key Wrap
mfp-v2
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time

7. What protocol to WLCs use to communicate with IPS
HTTPS
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.

8. Reason why you can NOT use WLC RADIUS server to auth. against OpenLDAP or Win-2003 (or later)
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed

9. Difference between MFP-1 & MFP-2
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
-150ms
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients

10. Steps to posture assesment
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups

11. What ports does OEAP use to connect to anchor WLC
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
UDP 5246 & 5247

12. What is Conditional Web Redirect
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network

13. Steps to setting up an out-of-band virtual gateway NAS setup
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
mfp-v2

14. What kind of local 802.1x auth. does HREAP support
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2

15. NAC Deployment Types
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
PKI

16. Difference between mobility list and mobility group
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)

17. How to set up tacacs roles in ACS for WLC authorization
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration

18. When PKC is used
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
uses certificates

19. What CCX version is required for CCKM
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS

20. Steps to adding an IPS
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors

21. How is OEAP encrypted
no
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame

22. IAPP roaming protocol
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams

23. Directed Roam Request
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control

24. What kind of mgmt frames does client mfp protect
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)

25. What is the IEEE Standards version of MFP
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
802.11w

26. When submitting a CSR from ACS
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li

27. What are the 4 main components of NGS re: guests
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin

28. Steps to roaming in 802.1R
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs

29. What must be configd on ACS to enable dot1x from switch
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config

30. Will foreign/anchor communication work through PAT?
no
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
x509v3 certificate
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>

31. What is used for HREAP Roaming re: keying
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc

32. How does infrastructure MFP work
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi

33. What is NGS & whats it used for
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
HTTPS
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+

34. Things to Enable in ACS (Global Authentication Page) for PEAP support
PKI
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.

35. What is needed to use Locally Significat Certificates (LSC) when establishing tunnel from OEAP to WLC
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
PKI
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients

36. Vlan pooling
mfp-v2
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes

37. What is included in a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK)
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.

38. How fast is fast secure roaming
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
-150ms
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address

39. RADIUS UDP Ports
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA

40. Authentication types used by SNMPv3
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name

41. Briefly describe eap-tls
uses certificates
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
802.11w
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)

42. What does Proactive Key Caching do
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
MFP
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
AES-Key Wrap

43. How does the Nac Appliance Agent (NAA) work cohesively with 802.1x
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.

44. What does Fast Secure Roaming use re: Keying
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed

45. Protocols used in wIPS
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML

46. 6 criteria types for rogue classification
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID

47. How is IBN-VLAN Selection implemted in ACS
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
used with PEAP for user/password authentication

48. Steps to auth with NAA w/ SSO
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
300ms
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame

49. Whats added in CCXv5?
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
mfp-v2
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.

50. What does FIPS-2 require for WLC to RADIUS communications
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
AES-Key Wrap
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML