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CCNP Wireless Security

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. What are the 4 main components of NGS re: guests
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
mititgate non-802.11 attacks

2. What is Ciscos gold confidence level deployment of wIPS aps in a walled environment
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.

3. What is HREAP Local Auth limitation
100 local accounts max
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
uses certificates

4. Steps to installing Server Cert into ACS
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst

5. Steps to auth with NAA w/ SSO
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.

6. What kind of mgmt frames does client mfp protect
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)

7. Authentication types used by SNMPv3
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time

8. What must be configured for SSO authentication to work
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.

9. How fast is fast secure roaming
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
uses certificates
-150ms

10. Difference between MFP-1 & MFP-2
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
mfp-v2
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC

11. IAPP roaming protocol
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
no

12. Client Roaming Reasons
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
x509v3 certificate

13. Protocols used in wIPS
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)

14. How is the CAPWAP tunnel between AP & WLC encrypted
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
x509v3 certificate
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.

15. What must be configured the same for an HREAP not to disconnect clients when failing over (or back) to a WLC
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)

16. Whats in CCXv4?
uses certificates
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac

17. Briefly describe eap-tls
uses certificates
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST

18. Eap process/messages
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
MFP
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
AES-Key Wrap

19. What ports does OEAP use to connect to anchor WLC
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
UDP 5246 & 5247
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS

20. How to add IPS TLS info to WLC
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
100 local accounts max

21. What part of an 802.11 Beacon contains the security mechanisms in use
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
AES-Key Wrap
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi

22. Steps to setting up out-of-band virtual gateway setup on the NAS & NAM
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla

23. How long before an HREAP goes into disconnected/standalone mode
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
300ms
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.

24. What is 802.11w?
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
MFP
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy

25. What does IBN allow you to assign
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address

26. What is needed to use Locally Significat Certificates (LSC) when establishing tunnel from OEAP to WLC
PKI
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC

27. Steps to setting up an out-of-band virtual gateway NAS setup
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
UDP 5246 & 5247
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST

28. Switch global config to enable dot1x radius server
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups

29. Ports to open on fw to allow foreign to anchor controller tunnel to be built
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication

30. WLC Tacacs+ roles
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
AES-Key Wrap
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.

31. 6 criteria types for rogue classification
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID

32. Why add an IPS if WLCs already detect attacks.
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
300ms
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.

33. Briefly describe eap-mschapv2
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC

34. Steps to posture assesment
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi

35. What is the radius server override interface option under WLAN-->AAA?
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
-150ms
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address

36. When will a WLC use a Local EAP profile?
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
UDP 5246 & 5247
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network

37. Difference between mobility list and mobility group
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
mfp-v2
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time

38. How is IBN-VLAN Selection implemted in ACS
PKI
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic

39. What is Conditional Web Redirect
x509v3 certificate
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.

40. Encryption types used by SNMPv3
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
100 local accounts max
802.11w

41. Enhanced Neighbor list - E2E
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.

42. Steps to configure wlcs for guest wlan
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config

43. How is IBN implemented on a WLAN
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.

44. Will foreign/anchor communication work through PAT?
no
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
-150ms
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst

45. Steps to roaming in 802.1R
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages

46. How is IBN-QoS
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name

47. 802.11R
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+

48. Whats added in CCXv5?
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
mfp-v2

49. Describe AP Assisted Roaming
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA

50. How does the Nac Appliance Agent (NAA) work cohesively with 802.1x
PKI
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
no