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CCNP Wireless Security

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Encryption algorithm used by Certificates
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC

2. Regulatory Compliance Acronyms
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
no

3. Things to Enable in ACS (Global Authentication Page) for PEAP support
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs

4. What must be configured for SSO authentication to work
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC

5. What is 802.11w?
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
MFP

6. What must be configured the same for an HREAP not to disconnect clients when failing over (or back) to a WLC
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration

7. Briefly describe eap-mschapv2
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
-150ms

8. What does IBN allow you to assign
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes

9. What must be configd on ACS to enable dot1x from switch
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning

10. Authentication types used by SNMPv3
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
300ms

11. What ports does OEAP use to connect to anchor WLC
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
UDP 5246 & 5247

12. What does Proactive Key Caching do
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
MFP
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)

13. 3 categories of segmented traffic
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required

14. What kind of local 802.1x auth. does HREAP support
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic

15. Steps to roaming in non802.1R
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>

16. Steps to auth with NAA w/ SSO
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment

17. Whats added in CCXv5?
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
mfp-v2
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself

18. How is IBN implemented on a WLAN
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors

19. Vlan pooling
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events

20. Steps to configure wlcs for guest wlan
no
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc

21. How does client MFP work
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
mfp-v2
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA

22. Briefly describe eap-tls
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
uses certificates
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
PKI

23. What protocol to WLCs use to communicate with IPS
HTTPS
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128

24. How does infrastructure MFP work
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS

25. Steps to adding an IPS
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
-150ms

26. What is Conditional Web Redirect
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>

27. RADIUS UDP Ports
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
UDP 5246 & 5247
802.11w

28. What triggers can initiate a WLC to request a client to roam
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC

29. Switch global config to enable dot1x radius server
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing

30. Whats in CCXv4?
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac

31. What is NGS & whats it used for
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors

32. Steps to config. .1x for AP to WLC connections
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC

33. What is included in a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK)
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
100 local accounts max
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML

34. Methods for authenticating to NAC
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC

35. Steps to setting up out-of-band virtual gateway setup on the NAS & NAM
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network

36. 802.11R
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment

37. What is used for HREAP Roaming re: keying
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n

38. Is data encrypted over a capwap tunnel?
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config

39. Describe AP Assisted Roaming
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2

40. Eap process/messages
MFP
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA

41. How fast is fast secure roaming
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
-150ms

42. How is OEAP encrypted
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.

43. NAC Deployment Types
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
300ms
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed

44. What kind of mgmt frames does client mfp protect
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)

45. What is the WLAN-->Advanced--> DIagnostic Channel used for
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
UDP 5246 & 5247
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5

46. Encryption types used by SNMPv3
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name

47. What does FIPS-2 require for WLC to RADIUS communications
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
AES-Key Wrap
used with PEAP for user/password authentication

48. Whats included in 802.11-2012
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM

49. 6 criteria types for rogue classification
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
PKI
HTTPS

50. Difference between mobility list and mobility group
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.