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CCNP Wireless Security

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Difference between MFP-1 & MFP-2
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
x509v3 certificate
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5

2. Reason why you can NOT use WLC RADIUS server to auth. against OpenLDAP or Win-2003 (or later)
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.

3. Whats included in 802.11-2012
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization

4. How long before an HREAP goes into disconnected/standalone mode
300ms
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic

5. Steps to auth with NAA w/ SSO
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors

6. WLC Tacacs+ roles
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)

7. AAA override
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization

8. When will a WLC use a Local EAP profile?
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
100 local accounts max
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)

9. Steps to setting up an out-of-band virtual gateway NAS setup
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
HTTPS
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS

10. What are virtual domains used for in WCS
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
PKI
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name

11. How is the CAPWAP tunnel between AP & WLC encrypted
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
AES-Key Wrap
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
x509v3 certificate

12. Steps to adding an IPS
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed

13. Authentication types used by SNMPv3
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself

14. What does IBN allow you to assign
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
300ms
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic

15. Difference between mobility list and mobility group
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
-150ms
HTTPS

16. Protocols used in wIPS
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
802.11w

17. What is the IEEE Standards version of MFP
100 local accounts max
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
802.11w

18. What is a mobility list used for
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
mfp-v2
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC

19. Encryption types used by SNMPv3
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128

20. Client Roaming Reasons
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake

21. Whats added in CCXv5?
100 local accounts max
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
mfp-v2
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto

22. Switchport config to enable dot1x on a port
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network

23. What is the caveat to having redundant anchor controllers
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto

24. What is used for HREAP Roaming re: keying
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
AES-Key Wrap
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML

25. 802.11R
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.

26. 6 criteria types for rogue classification
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC

27. Ports to open on fw to allow foreign to anchor controller tunnel to be built
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic

28. 3 categories of segmented traffic
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
UDP 5246 & 5247
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy

29. What is Ciscos gold confidence level deployment of wIPS aps in a walled environment
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.

30. What must be configured for SSO authentication to work
uses certificates
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store

31. Steps to setting up out-of-band virtual gateway setup on the NAS & NAM
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla

32. Eap process/messages
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
mfp-v2

33. Enhanced Neighbor list - E2E
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control

34. Main elements of a NAC deployment
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
uses certificates
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc

35. Steps to configure wlcs for guest wlan
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST

36. How is encryption established between OEAP & Anchor WLC
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
HTTPS
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>

37. Directed Roam Request
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic

38. Why is fast secure roaming used
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
UDP 5246 & 5247
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time

39. Regulatory Compliance Acronyms
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself

40. Steps to roaming in 802.1R
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed

41. When submitting a CSR from ACS
UDP 5246 & 5247
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+

42. What part of an 802.11 Beacon contains the security mechanisms in use
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
-150ms
mfp-v2

43. How fast is fast secure roaming
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
x509v3 certificate
-150ms
AES-Key Wrap

44. Briefly describe eap-tls
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
uses certificates
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
HTTPS

45. IAPP roaming protocol
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
UDP 5246 & 5247

46. What must be configured the same for an HREAP not to disconnect clients when failing over (or back) to a WLC
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
PKI
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration

47. How is IBN-QoS
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.

48. How is IBN implemented on a WLAN
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing

49. What are mping and eping used for from the wlc cli
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
300ms
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -

50. Encryption algorithm used by Certificates
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC