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CCNP Wireless Security

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. AAA override
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)

2. 802.11R
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required

3. How is OEAP encrypted
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy

4. Briefly describe peap
-150ms
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.

5. What is the radius server override interface option under WLAN-->AAA?
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing

6. Whats added in CCXv5?
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
mfp-v2

7. NAC Deployment Types
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto

8. What is included in a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK)
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
-150ms

9. When will a WLC use a Local EAP profile?
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.

10. What is the WLAN-->Advanced--> DIagnostic Channel used for
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5

11. What does a wired IPS do compared to the WLC IDS
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.

12. Steps to roaming in 802.1R
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM

13. Why add an IPS if WLCs already detect attacks.
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.

14. Briefly describe eap-mschapv2
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
mfp-v2

15. Client Roaming Reasons
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
uses certificates
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC

16. What kind of mgmt frames does client mfp protect
mfp-v2
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)

17. Whats in CCXv4?
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac

18. What is the IEEE Standards version of MFP
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
802.11w

19. Steps to config. .1x for AP to WLC connections
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic

20. Will foreign/anchor communication work through PAT?
no
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla

21. What is the caveat to having redundant anchor controllers
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control

22. What is a mobility list used for
no
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages

23. How does client MFP work
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time

24. When submitting a CSR from ACS
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
HTTPS

25. What ports does OEAP use to connect to anchor WLC
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
UDP 5246 & 5247

26. Briefly describe eap-tls
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
uses certificates
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store

27. Regulatory Compliance Acronyms
300ms
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
x509v3 certificate

28. How is IBN implemented on a WLAN
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store

29. Steps to setting up out-of-band virtual gateway setup on the NAS & NAM
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
802.11w
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.

30. Authentication types used by SNMPv3
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time

31. What is HREAP Local Auth limitation
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
100 local accounts max

32. Steps to posture assesment
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re

33. How to set up tacacs roles in ACS for WLC authorization
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
-150ms

34. How to add IPS TLS info to WLC
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors

35. How is encryption established between OEAP & Anchor WLC
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
300ms
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.

36. Steps to configure wlcs for guest wlan
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
HTTPS
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS

37. Why is fast secure roaming used
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
802.11w
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy

38. RADIUS UDP Ports
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy

39. What are the 4 main components of NGS re: guests
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself

40. How is the CAPWAP tunnel between AP & WLC encrypted
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
x509v3 certificate

41. How does the Nac Appliance Agent (NAA) work cohesively with 802.1x
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
no
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)

42. Switchport config to enable dot1x on a port
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
-150ms
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.

43. 6 criteria types for rogue classification
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
x509v3 certificate
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID

44. Protocols used in wIPS
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself

45. Encryption types used by SNMPv3
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc

46. Steps to auth with NAA w/ SSO
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li

47. What is Ciscos gold confidence level deployment of wIPS aps in a walled environment
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML

48. Reason why you can NOT use WLC RADIUS server to auth. against OpenLDAP or Win-2003 (or later)
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
PKI
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
MFP

49. When PKC is used
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)

50. What must be configured the same for an HREAP not to disconnect clients when failing over (or back) to a WLC
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
300ms
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)