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CCNP Wireless Security

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Briefly describe eap-tls
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
uses certificates
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients

2. 3 categories of segmented traffic
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy

3. Why is fast secure roaming used
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)

4. Steps to setting up an out-of-band virtual gateway NAS setup
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn

5. Protocols used in wIPS
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
mfp-v2
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML

6. How is IBN-VLAN Selection implemted in ACS
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
-150ms
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages

7. What is NGS & whats it used for
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS

8. 6 criteria types for rogue classification
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required

9. What part of an 802.11 Beacon contains the security mechanisms in use
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA

10. What is HREAP Local Auth limitation
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
100 local accounts max

11. Peap fast reconnect
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM

12. 3 modes of radius fallback
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed

13. What CCX version is required for CCKM
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS

14. What must be configured for SSO authentication to work
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)

15. Eap process/messages
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n

16. Steps to roaming in 802.1R
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration

17. What are the 4 main components of NGS re: guests
MFP
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed

18. Difference between mobility list and mobility group
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.

19. What does a wired IPS do compared to the WLC IDS
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)

20. WLC Tacacs+ roles
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)

21. What is the IEEE Standards version of MFP
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
802.11w

22. Enhanced Neighbor list
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
x509v3 certificate

23. What is the radius server override interface option under WLAN-->AAA?
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
100 local accounts max

24. How is the CAPWAP tunnel between AP & WLC encrypted
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
x509v3 certificate
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM

25. What is included in a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK)
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5

26. What kind of mgmt frames does client mfp protect
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)

27. How fast is fast secure roaming
802.11w
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
-150ms

28. What does Proactive Key Caching do
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
AES-Key Wrap
uses certificates

29. Whats included in 802.11-2012
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups

30. Authentication types used by SNMPv3
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
uses certificates

31. What must be configured the same for an HREAP not to disconnect clients when failing over (or back) to a WLC
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
no
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA

32. NAC Deployment Types
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
MFP
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic

33. Directed Roam Request
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac

34. Main elements of a NAC deployment
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC

35. Client Roaming Reasons
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML

36. How does client MFP work
uses certificates
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
802.11w

37. Enhanced Neighbor list - E2E
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC

38. Regulatory Compliance Acronyms
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
mfp-v2
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
PKI

39. Steps to config. .1x for AP to WLC connections
802.11w
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
used with PEAP for user/password authentication

40. IAPP roaming protocol
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time

41. What kind of local 802.1x auth. does HREAP support
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)

42. When PKC is used
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
802.11w
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.

43. When will a WLC use a Local EAP profile?
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
PKI
mfp-v2

44. Difference between MFP-1 & MFP-2
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages

45. Will foreign/anchor communication work through PAT?
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
no
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc

46. How long before an HREAP goes into disconnected/standalone mode
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
300ms
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration

47. Methods for authenticating to NAC
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>

48. When submitting a CSR from ACS
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake

49. What is 802.11w?
MFP
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
HTTPS
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams

50. How is encryption established between OEAP & Anchor WLC
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.