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CCNP Wireless Security

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Briefly describe peap
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config

2. What kind of local 802.1x auth. does HREAP support
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic

3. Steps to posture assesment
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
x509v3 certificate
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML

4. Why add an IPS if WLCs already detect attacks.
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.

5. What does a wired IPS do compared to the WLC IDS
PKI
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
mititgate non-802.11 attacks

6. What is 802.11w?
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
MFP
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing

7. Describe AP Assisted Roaming
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
AES-Key Wrap
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM

8. Is data encrypted over a capwap tunnel?
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
UDP 5246 & 5247

9. How long before an HREAP goes into disconnected/standalone mode
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
300ms
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -

10. What does Fast Secure Roaming use re: Keying
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time

11. What does IBN allow you to assign
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address

12. Whats in CCXv4?
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA

13. AAA override
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.

14. Authentication types used by SNMPv3
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.

15. What is a mobility list used for
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML

16. What ports does OEAP use to connect to anchor WLC
PKI
UDP 5246 & 5247
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)

17. How fast is fast secure roaming
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
-150ms
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time

18. What does FIPS-2 require for WLC to RADIUS communications
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
AES-Key Wrap
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li

19. How is the CAPWAP tunnel between AP & WLC encrypted
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
x509v3 certificate
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC

20. What is HREAP Local Auth limitation
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
100 local accounts max
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself

21. How is IBN-VLAN Selection implemted in ACS
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
x509v3 certificate

22. 2 different types of wIPS deployment
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning

23. What is included in a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK)
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.

24. Reason why you can NOT use WLC RADIUS server to auth. against OpenLDAP or Win-2003 (or later)
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing

25. Steps to roaming in non802.1R
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.

26. Steps to adding an IPS
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events

27. When will a WLC use a Local EAP profile?
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name

28. What is NGS & whats it used for
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li

29. What is used for HREAP Roaming re: keying
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake

30. Directed Roam Request
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
802.11w
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages

31. Things to Enable in ACS (Global Authentication Page) for PEAP support
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment

32. What must be configured for SSO authentication to work
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.

33. What part of an 802.11 Beacon contains the security mechanisms in use
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment

34. NAC Deployment Types
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin

35. Steps to installing Server Cert into ACS
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM

36. Will foreign/anchor communication work through PAT?
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
no
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config

37. Peap fast reconnect
UDP 5246 & 5247
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself

38. What is needed to use Locally Significat Certificates (LSC) when establishing tunnel from OEAP to WLC
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
PKI

39. When submitting a CSR from ACS
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
no
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML

40. What is the IEEE Standards version of MFP
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
802.11w

41. What kind of mgmt frames does client mfp protect
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.

42. What is Conditional Web Redirect
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)

43. How to add IPS TLS info to WLC
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
mfp-v2
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors

44. WLC Tacacs+ roles
802.11w
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself

45. Eap process/messages
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi

46. What does Proactive Key Caching do
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.

47. Encryption types used by SNMPv3
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128

48. Steps to config. .1x for AP to WLC connections
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS

49. Difference between MFP-1 & MFP-2
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups

50. How is IBN implemented on a WLAN
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration