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CCNP Wireless Security

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Why is fast secure roaming used
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups

2. What is the IEEE Standards version of MFP
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
802.11w
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla

3. What does Fast Secure Roaming use re: Keying
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.

4. How is IBN-VLAN Selection implemted in ACS
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.

5. Steps to installing Server Cert into ACS
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst

6. What is 802.11w?
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
MFP
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC

7. Steps to config. .1x for AP to WLC connections
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.

8. What part of an 802.11 Beacon contains the security mechanisms in use
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
802.11w
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network

9. Steps to roaming in 802.1R
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control

10. IAPP roaming protocol
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS

11. Briefly describe eap-mschapv2
PKI
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning

12. Difference between mobility list and mobility group
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
x509v3 certificate
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA

13. How does infrastructure MFP work
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
no
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.

14. Steps to roaming in non802.1R
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.

15. Whats included in 802.11-2012
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.

16. How is OEAP encrypted
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
HTTPS
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration

17. Main elements of a NAC deployment
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
no
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)

18. What is used for HREAP Roaming re: keying
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake

19. Protocols used in wIPS
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML

20. How fast is fast secure roaming
-150ms
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>

21. Regulatory Compliance Acronyms
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA

22. 2 different types of wIPS deployment
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate

23. When PKC is used
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
100 local accounts max

24. Why add an IPS if WLCs already detect attacks.
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.

25. Steps to auth with NAA w/ SSO
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic

26. What ports does OEAP use to connect to anchor WLC
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
UDP 5246 & 5247
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)

27. 3 modes of radius fallback
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication

28. What must be configd on ACS to enable dot1x from switch
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs

29. Whats added in CCXv5?
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
mfp-v2
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration

30. How to add IPS TLS info to WLC
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
uses certificates
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs

31. What does a wired IPS do compared to the WLC IDS
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
AES-Key Wrap
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself

32. What kind of mgmt frames does client mfp protect
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2

33. Encryption types used by SNMPv3
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst

34. Client Roaming Reasons
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.

35. Steps to posture assesment
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re

36. 6 criteria types for rogue classification
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages

37. When submitting a CSR from ACS
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
100 local accounts max

38. Enhanced Neighbor list
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
AES-Key Wrap
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.

39. Switch global config to enable dot1x radius server
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
x509v3 certificate

40. Will foreign/anchor communication work through PAT?
no
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC

41. Difference between MFP-1 & MFP-2
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC

42. What does FIPS-2 require for WLC to RADIUS communications
AES-Key Wrap
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
UDP 5246 & 5247
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.

43. Briefly describe eap-tls
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
uses certificates
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
HTTPS

44. What must be configured for SSO authentication to work
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.

45. Encryption algorithm used by Certificates
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization

46. Directed Roam Request
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams

47. Vlan pooling
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
PKI
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla

48. What does IBN allow you to assign
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes

49. Briefly describe peap
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
x509v3 certificate

50. What is needed to use Locally Significat Certificates (LSC) when establishing tunnel from OEAP to WLC
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
PKI