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CCNP Wireless Security

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Enhanced Neighbor list
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config

2. What is NGS & whats it used for
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed

3. What is used for HREAP Roaming re: keying
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
AES-Key Wrap

4. What does FIPS-2 require for WLC to RADIUS communications
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
AES-Key Wrap

5. Eap process/messages
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi

6. How to set up tacacs roles in ACS for WLC authorization
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML

7. What does Fast Secure Roaming use re: Keying
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM

8. How is OEAP encrypted
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration

9. Whats in CCXv4?
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac

10. What is a mobility list used for
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin

11. 6 criteria types for rogue classification
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)

12. Protocols used in wIPS
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
PKI
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML

13. Briefly describe eap-tls
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
uses certificates
MFP

14. What CCX version is required for CCKM
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS

15. What is the caveat to having redundant anchor controllers
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed

16. How fast is fast secure roaming
MFP
-150ms
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups

17. What ports does OEAP use to connect to anchor WLC
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
UDP 5246 & 5247
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn

18. What is HREAP Local Auth limitation
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
AES-Key Wrap
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
100 local accounts max

19. What must be configured for SSO authentication to work
-150ms
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams

20. Steps to installing Server Cert into ACS
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst

21. WLC Tacacs+ roles
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)

22. 2 different types of wIPS deployment
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time

23. Authentication types used by SNMPv3
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic

24. Will foreign/anchor communication work through PAT?
no
300ms
uses certificates
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store

25. Whats included in 802.11-2012
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
HTTPS
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.

26. Regulatory Compliance Acronyms
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA

27. Main elements of a NAC deployment
100 local accounts max
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
no
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control

28. What protocol to WLCs use to communicate with IPS
HTTPS
-150ms
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla

29. What does Proactive Key Caching do
-150ms
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time

30. Client Roaming Reasons
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing

31. Steps to adding an IPS
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself

32. Steps to configure wlcs for guest wlan
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.

33. Briefly describe eap-mschapv2
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.

34. 3 modes of radius fallback
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst

35. Methods for authenticating to NAC
uses certificates
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
802.11w
mfp-v2

36. What is Conditional Web Redirect
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
PKI

37. What must be configured the same for an HREAP not to disconnect clients when failing over (or back) to a WLC
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute

38. Briefly describe peap
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM

39. How is the CAPWAP tunnel between AP & WLC encrypted
x509v3 certificate
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC

40. What are virtual domains used for in WCS
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs

41. How does the Nac Appliance Agent (NAA) work cohesively with 802.1x
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin

42. Steps to roaming in 802.1R
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages

43. Steps to auth with NAA w/ SSO
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.

44. What must be configd on ACS to enable dot1x from switch
100 local accounts max
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning

45. Steps to posture assesment
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network

46. How is encryption established between OEAP & Anchor WLC
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -

47. What kind of mgmt frames does client mfp protect
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
x509v3 certificate

48. Switchport config to enable dot1x on a port
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration

49. Why add an IPS if WLCs already detect attacks.
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.

50. What does IBN allow you to assign
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
UDP 5246 & 5247
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes