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CCNP Wireless Security

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is HREAP Local Auth limitation
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
100 local accounts max
uses certificates

2. WLC Tacacs+ roles
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128

3. How fast is fast secure roaming
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
-150ms
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -

4. What does a wired IPS do compared to the WLC IDS
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.

5. Switch global config to enable dot1x radius server
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
used with PEAP for user/password authentication

6. How does client MFP work
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto

7. What are virtual domains used for in WCS
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
100 local accounts max
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs

8. What is the IEEE Standards version of MFP
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
802.11w
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself

9. What is NGS & whats it used for
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
uses certificates

10. Methods for authenticating to NAC
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID

11. What does IBN allow you to assign
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
AES-Key Wrap
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes

12. What does Fast Secure Roaming use re: Keying
100 local accounts max
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store

13. Steps to auth with NAA w/ SSO
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
AES-Key Wrap
100 local accounts max
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li

14. Directed Roam Request
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
300ms

15. Briefly describe peap
no
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes

16. What must be configured the same for an HREAP not to disconnect clients when failing over (or back) to a WLC
UDP 5246 & 5247
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration

17. What are the 4 main components of NGS re: guests
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
300ms
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself

18. What does Proactive Key Caching do
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto

19. Steps to config. .1x for AP to WLC connections
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
-150ms
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA

20. Steps to installing Server Cert into ACS
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
UDP 5246 & 5247

21. What is a mobility list used for
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors

22. What is the caveat to having redundant anchor controllers
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.

23. What kind of mgmt frames does client mfp protect
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control

24. Whats in CCXv4?
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac

25. Enhanced Neighbor list
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.

26. How is the CAPWAP tunnel between AP & WLC encrypted
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
x509v3 certificate

27. How is IBN-QoS
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name

28. What is included in a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK)
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -

29. What part of an 802.11 Beacon contains the security mechanisms in use
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla

30. Describe AP Assisted Roaming
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors

31. Eap process/messages
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
AES-Key Wrap
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
300ms

32. Steps to adding an IPS
x509v3 certificate
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events

33. What must be configured for SSO authentication to work
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
AES-Key Wrap

34. What does FIPS-2 require for WLC to RADIUS communications
AES-Key Wrap
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.

35. How does CCKM simplify PMK Caching
802.11w
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing

36. When PKC is used
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla

37. What is the radius server override interface option under WLAN-->AAA?
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
HTTPS
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups

38. How is IBN-VLAN Selection implemted in ACS
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
PKI
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name

39. Things to Enable in ACS (Global Authentication Page) for PEAP support
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM

40. Enhanced Neighbor list - E2E
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.

41. Steps to posture assesment
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn

42. Steps to roaming in 802.1R
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
HTTPS
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages

43. When submitting a CSR from ACS
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy

44. 3 categories of segmented traffic
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed

45. IAPP roaming protocol
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
AES-Key Wrap
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.

46. How to set up tacacs roles in ACS for WLC authorization
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin

47. Why add an IPS if WLCs already detect attacks.
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li

48. Ports to open on fw to allow foreign to anchor controller tunnel to be built
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
PKI
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
-150ms

49. 3 modes of radius fallback
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
100 local accounts max
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)

50. Whats included in 802.11-2012
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
HTTPS
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n