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CCNP Wireless Security

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What kind of mgmt frames does client mfp protect
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
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after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute

2. Briefly describe peap
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication

3. Whats added in CCXv5?
mfp-v2
-150ms
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network

4. Vlan pooling
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin

5. When PKC is used
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.

6. Steps to installing Server Cert into ACS
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
PKI
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store

7. What must be configured for SSO authentication to work
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
1. Guest User 2. Sponsor 3. Network Enforcement Device (ie wlc) 4. NGS Server itself
no

8. Encryption algorithm used by Certificates
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages

9. Peap fast reconnect
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
100 local accounts max
MFP

10. Whats included in 802.11-2012
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n

11. What kind of local 802.1x auth. does HREAP support
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA

12. Steps to posture assesment
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re

13. Reason why you can NOT use WLC RADIUS server to auth. against OpenLDAP or Win-2003 (or later)
mfp-v2
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li

14. How is the CAPWAP tunnel between AP & WLC encrypted
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
x509v3 certificate
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors

15. Things to Enable in ACS (Global Authentication Page) for PEAP support
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM

16. What does Fast Secure Roaming use re: Keying
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla

17. Eap process/messages
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment

18. How does CCKM simplify PMK Caching
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn

19. How to set up tacacs roles in ACS for WLC authorization
x509v3 certificate
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.

20. What CCX version is required for CCKM
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.

21. Steps to configure wlcs for guest wlan
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
UDP 5246 & 5247
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages

22. How does client MFP work
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li

23. What is the caveat to having redundant anchor controllers
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups

24. How to add IPS TLS info to WLC
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC

25. What is needed to use Locally Significat Certificates (LSC) when establishing tunnel from OEAP to WLC
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
PKI
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic

26. What is included in a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK)
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
mfp-v2

27. 802.11R
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML

28. Regulatory Compliance Acronyms
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA

29. IAPP roaming protocol
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
x509v3 certificate
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams

30. Switchport config to enable dot1x on a port
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.

31. What does Proactive Key Caching do
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.

32. Why add an IPS if WLCs already detect attacks.
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML

33. What is HREAP Local Auth limitation
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
100 local accounts max

34. AAA override
-150ms
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.

35. What is Conditional Web Redirect
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
uses certificates
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic

36. What is the IEEE Standards version of MFP
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
802.11w
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate

37. Briefly describe eap-mschapv2
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment

38. What ports does OEAP use to connect to anchor WLC
mfp-v2
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
UDP 5246 & 5247
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.

39. What does FIPS-2 require for WLC to RADIUS communications
AES-Key Wrap
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
802.11w

40. NAC Deployment Types
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic

41. How is OEAP encrypted
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate

42. Steps to config. .1x for AP to WLC connections
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning

43. Steps to adding an IPS
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events

44. Difference between MFP-1 & MFP-2
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed

45. How long before an HREAP goes into disconnected/standalone mode
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
300ms

46. Steps to setting up an out-of-band virtual gateway NAS setup
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
100 local accounts max
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.

47. What are mping and eping used for from the wlc cli
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
uses certificates

48. When will a WLC use a Local EAP profile?
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store

49. What must be configd on ACS to enable dot1x from switch
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address

50. When submitting a CSR from ACS
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning