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CCNP Wireless Security

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How long before an HREAP goes into disconnected/standalone mode
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
300ms
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages

2. What does IBN allow you to assign
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA

3. Enhanced Neighbor list
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)

4. 3 modes of radius fallback
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed

5. Whats included in 802.11-2012
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+

6. WLC Tacacs+ roles
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.

7. Difference between mobility list and mobility group
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration

8. 3 categories of segmented traffic
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.

9. What must be configured for SSO authentication to work
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network

10. What is needed to use Locally Significat Certificates (LSC) when establishing tunnel from OEAP to WLC
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
PKI
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.

11. What must be configured the same for an HREAP not to disconnect clients when failing over (or back) to a WLC
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs

12. What is used for HREAP Roaming re: keying
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors

13. Briefly describe peap
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
no
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML

14. How does CCKM simplify PMK Caching
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.

15. Is data encrypted over a capwap tunnel?
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
HTTPS
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config

16. Directed Roam Request
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+

17. What does Fast Secure Roaming use re: Keying
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc

18. How is OEAP encrypted
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
x509v3 certificate
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5

19. 2 different types of wIPS deployment
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients

20. What does Proactive Key Caching do
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC

21. Why add an IPS if WLCs already detect attacks.
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML

22. How fast is fast secure roaming
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
-150ms
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)

23. Difference between MFP-1 & MFP-2
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control

24. What CCX version is required for CCKM
uses certificates
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)

25. What is the caveat to having redundant anchor controllers
PKI
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.

26. Whats added in CCXv5?
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
mfp-v2
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML

27. Things to Enable in ACS (Global Authentication Page) for PEAP support
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)

28. When submitting a CSR from ACS
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing

29. Switchport config to enable dot1x on a port
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto

30. What is Conditional Web Redirect
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA

31. Briefly describe eap-tls
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
uses certificates
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID

32. What is the WLAN-->Advanced--> DIagnostic Channel used for
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML

33. Client Roaming Reasons
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups

34. What kind of mgmt frames does client mfp protect
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
1. disassociation 2. deauthentication 3.QoS (WMM)

35. How does client MFP work
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
Clients download a key for their wlan - after auth - so they can understand that IE in the mgmt frame
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name

36. Steps to posture assesment
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
mititgate non-802.11 attacks

37. NAC Deployment Types
WLC generates a Message Integrity Check Information Element (MIC IE) - which includes a sequence # - and aps add it to each mgmt frame. Clients ignore this IE - as they do not understand it.
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.

38. 6 criteria types for rogue classification
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>

39. Reason why you can NOT use WLC RADIUS server to auth. against OpenLDAP or Win-2003 (or later)
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
1. Interfac Configuration --> RADIUS (IETF) --> check 64 (Tunnel Type) - 65 (Tunnel Medium Type) - 81 (Tunnel Private-group-id) 2. Navigate to Group Setup and enable the checkboxes for the previous attributes - where 64=VLAN - 65=802 - 81=<Vlan_tag>
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.

40. What part of an 802.11 Beacon contains the security mechanisms in use
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
mfp-v2
a mobility list can contain multiple mobility groups

41. Briefly describe eap-mschapv2
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
mfp-v2

42. What is the radius server override interface option under WLAN-->AAA?
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin

43. When PKC is used
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML

44. Peap fast reconnect
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)

45. What is NGS & whats it used for
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
1. WLC must be defined as a VPN Conentrator - in the NAC config. 2. WLC must be configd to send RADIUS acct. to NAC
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -

46. What does a wired IPS do compared to the WLC IDS
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
-150ms
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
mititgate non-802.11 attacks

47. Authentication types used by SNMPv3
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi

48. Ports to open on fw to allow foreign to anchor controller tunnel to be built
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic

49. What are virtual domains used for in WCS
grouping WLCs or map areas - so Lobby ambassadors can create guest accounts only on certain wlcs
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>

50. Whats in CCXv4?
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network