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CCNP Wireless Security

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How is IBN-QoS
uses certificates
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac

2. Switch global config to enable dot1x radius server
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
300ms
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy

3. Directed Roam Request
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization

4. Encryption types used by SNMPv3
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128
802.11w

5. What is a mobility list used for
802.11w
mfp-v2
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.

6. How fast is fast secure roaming
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
-150ms
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML

7. What protocol to WLCs use to communicate with IPS
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
HTTPS
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing

8. How long before an HREAP goes into disconnected/standalone mode
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
300ms
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address

9. 3 modes of radius fallback
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
802.11w
1. Off (default) - moves down list and uses next server indefinately. 2. Passive -- Upon failure - server is marked as inactive for (300 seconds) then is put back in list and tried again (if its highest priority). 3. Active -- Actively probes failed

10. What is HREAP Local Auth limitation
100 local accounts max
Check Shell(exec) then define roles as role1=MANAGEMENT role2=WLAN role3...etc
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
x509v3 certificate

11. Why is fast secure roaming used
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)
no
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning

12. How is IBN implemented on a WLAN
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)

13. Peap fast reconnect
after authentication - the client & radius server cache session keys for a configurable amount of time
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128

14. What is Ciscos gold confidence level deployment of wIPS aps in a walled environment
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required

15. What is included in a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK)
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
is provided to clients as they associate - including neighbor ap info like channel - rssi etc.
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.

16. Whats included in 802.11-2012
Does not require re-authentication when a client roams - in an 802.1x/WPA2 environment
1. RSSI 2. Duration 3. Client Count 4. No encryption 5. Managed SSID (ie UNLV) 6. SSID
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
802.11i - 802.11r - 802.11w & 802.11n

17. Regulatory Compliance Acronyms
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
US: 1. HIPAA 2. GLBA 3. FFIEC 4. SOX 5. FIPS 6. NIAP Canada: 1. PIPEDA Japan: 1. JPIPA
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time

18. Steps to roaming in 802.1R
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
same as steps to roaming in non-802.1R except: skips PMK negotiation & piggybacks PTK & QoS with the 802.11 authentication & association messages
300ms
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5

19. Steps to roaming in non802.1R
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
uses certificates
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake

20. How does CCKM simplify PMK Caching
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
1. PMK is only valid for 1 hour -- CCKM creates a main key & derives secondary keys. These secondary keys are sent to all wlc/aps.
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2

21. Steps to auth with NAA w/ SSO
Asymetric (public & Private key-pair)
MFP
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.

22. When PKC is used
mfp-v2
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
used with PEAP for user/password authentication

23. When will a WLC use a Local EAP profile?
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
Only when all the RADIUS servers defined globally are unreachable. (ie. even if not called out under WLAN-->AAA - the global RADIUS servers will be used instead of local profile)
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.
x509v3 certificate

24. Steps to adding an IPS
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
Clients send info re: previously associated aps to current ap - so it can use this information to inform current clients about neighboring aps. Requires CCXv2
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute

25. AAA override
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
1. Create user acct. in IDS for each WLC in the viewer role 2. add the WLCs IP as an allowed host 3. Obtain the IPS TLS Fingerprint & add it to WLC 4. Enable the client exclusion policy on the WLAN 5. Set msg log level to Alerts to log IPS events
enables Identity Based Netowrking (IBN) where wlan settings are changed per-user (qos - vlan - acls - or timeouts)
Corrospond to top-menu GUI items (wireless - security - monitor etc)

26. Things to Enable in ACS (Global Authentication Page) for PEAP support
1. Allow EAP-MSCHAPv2 2. Allow EAP-GTC 3. Check Posture Validation when doing NAC
EAP-FAST with anonymous pac provisioning
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
after .1x authentication user is forwarded to a splash page. This is done via RADIUS attribute

27. Steps to setting up out-of-band virtual gateway setup on the NAS & NAM
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
x509v3 certificate
1. on NAS create an oob profile for the WLC 2. Create a new device in NAM - specifying the WLC mgmt ip 3. device mgmnt-->NAS & add the NAS ip as an oob virt. gateway 4. still on nams nas config page - enter the nas trusted int. ip & untrusted int vla
1. CBC-DES 2. CFB-AES-128

28. Enhanced Neighbor list - E2E
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
WLC RADIUS server only works if passwords are sent in Clear-text from LDAP.
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config

29. Ports to open on fw to allow foreign to anchor controller tunnel to be built
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
used with PEAP for user/password authentication
what occurs as a client roams to new ap -WLC forwards cached PMK to AP. Client then forms a Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) via 4-way handshake w/ ap.

30. How is encryption established between OEAP & Anchor WLC
1. config mobility list to support anchor & foreign wlcs (using different mob. groups on ea. to keep auth. seperate between anchor & foreigns) 2. Map the guest wlan on foreign wlc to either mgmt int. or fake dynamic int. (ie dynamic int tied to a vla
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
x509 cert to establish DTLS capwap control tunnel. It can be either 1. LSC 2. MIC (Mafctr installed cert) or 3. SSC
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name

31. Difference between MFP-1 & MFP-2
mititgate non-802.11 attacks
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
dot1x system-auth-control - aaa new-model - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius - radius serve host 10.1.1.2 auth-port 1812 acct port 1813 key <key>
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients

32. What triggers can initiate a WLC to request a client to roam
Allows intel clients to request a neighbor list at will.
1. Min. RSSI 2. Roam Hysterisis - how much higher than current RSSI compared to neighbor ap RSSI before roaming request initiates 3. Scan Threshold - How low the current RSSI must be for the client to start scanning for a better ap 4. Transition Time
1. HMAC-MD5 2. HMAC-SHA
assigning multiple vlans to single wlan - and users are dynamically mapped to one of the vlans in round-robin

33. Client Roaming Reasons
1. v2 - LEAP 2. v3 - EAP-FAST 3. v4 - PEAP & EAP-TLS
1. RSSI 2. SNR 3. Load-Ballancing
switchport mode access - dot1x pae authenticator - dot1x port-control auto
1. Wireless-->AP Global Config-->enable dot1x w/ user/pass 2. Config the switch port to enable auth. to ACS/RADIUS

34. What does Proactive Key Caching do
AES-Key Wrap
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM
Sends the PMK to all WLCs that the client can roam to.

35. What is the caveat to having redundant anchor controllers
WLC can detect 802.11 attacks - but not other attacks from valid wireless clients.
ACL - or Interface-name configured in ACS -1. Interface Configuration --> RADIUS (Cisco Airspace) and check off: Air-Qos-Level - Aire-DSCP - Aire-802.1p tag - Aire-Interface-name - Air-ACL-Name
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
used with PEAP for user/password authentication

36. What is NGS & whats it used for
WLCs create a deriviative of the PMK - called Opportunistic Key Caching (OPC) for fast-roaming among HREAPs in the same HREAP group.
WLC sends a roam-request to a client when it can better serve that client on a different AP. Client can accept or ignore. CCXv4+
Nac Guest Server - used for provisioning guest accts - detailed usage reporting - delivery of creds via emai/sms -
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network

37. What is the WLAN-->Advanced--> DIagnostic Channel used for
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
checking allow aaa over-ride in the wlan-->advanced.
puts the ap and client through tests to isolate connection issues. This disables the wlan while doing this. Can be used to diagnose .1x auth - .11 association etc. if using ccxv5
1. In-band virtual gateway -- is at L2 and intercepts all traffic and re-tags the default/untrusted vlan to the trusted vlan - based on compliance 2. In-Band Real IP Gateway - is the gateway 3. Out-of-band virtual gateway (same is 1 - except traffic

38. What is 802.11w?
mfp-v2
MFP
1. Temporal Key for Unicast 2. Key Confirmation Key (KCK) - used for group handshakes 3. Key Encryption Key (KEK) - for encrypting the group encyrption key used to derive the braodcast/multicast keys.
mping = tests intercontroller control traffic. eping = tests intercontroller data traffic (EoIP)

39. Steps to posture assesment
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
1812 - Authentication 1813 - Authorization
1. client begins in Quarenteen vlan & NAA sends posture assesment to NAS 2. assesment is verified against policies in NAM 3. If in compliance - client is moved to access vlan. If not - NAS sends remediation info to client 4 NAA guides user through re
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.

40. What does Fast Secure Roaming use re: Keying
Inter Access Point Protocol uses UDP between aps to exchange information about new aps (announce) in the area and handoffs that have occurred when client roams
specifies fast bss transitions by allowing negotiations and requests for wireless resources to occur simultaneously. Does this by allowing for part of the key to be cached (server key) among the network - so full 802.1x auth. isnt required
what must you ensure -1.Exportable 2.Server Auth Cert 3.Store cert in local cert store
Proactive Key Caching (PKC) or CCKM

41. Briefly describe peap
when you want some wlcs to be part of the same mobility group - but not others.
uses TLS to secure other eap methods like certs - user/pass - smart cards. Identifies itself to client with certificate. Utilizes: fast reconnect (faster roaming w/ key caching) and server authentication
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
1. Log into cert. server - from ACS -and click link to install it locally 2. Log into ACS and install cert into local store 3. DL cert chain from CA to ACS store 4. Tell ACS to use that cert from its store 5. restart ACS 6. log back into ACS and inst

42. What is the IEEE Standards version of MFP
1. Scanning - for other aps in the area 2. exchanging 802.11 auth messages (first from client then from ap) w/ the target ap 3. exchanging re-association messages with target ap 4. dot1x master key (PMK) negotiation 5. key derivation - 4way handshake
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
802.11w

43. What kind of local 802.1x auth. does HREAP support
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi
mfp-v2
MFP-1 protects infrastructure from management frame attacks (ie aps only). MFP-2 Protects both infrastructure & clients
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST

44. What is the radius server override interface option under WLAN-->AAA?
-150ms
Sends RADIUS packets from a dynamic interface instead of the WLC Mgmt interface address
1. User performs .1x with RADIUS 2. WLC forwards radius accounting start to NAM (along with clients IP) 3. clients NAA detects network con. & tries to connect to NAM. 4. NAS Intercepts step 3 & contacts NAM itself to see if client is in the online li
1. Captive Portal 2. NAA (agent installed on windows); auth twice (1 to radius 2 to nac) 3. NAA w/ SSO - user authss once. & wlc auths to nac on their behalf.

45. 2 different types of wIPS deployment
Controll is (mgmnt) not data. To encrypt data: check data encryption under advanced tab of ap config
1. Integrated -- wIPS monitor mode aps are part of client-serving infrastructure 2. Overlay -- wIPS aps - WCS & WLCs are totally seperate
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.
1. client -> authenticator: eapol_start 2. authenticator -> client: eap request/identity 3. client -> authenticator: eap response/identity 4. authenticator -> aaa: radius access request 5. aaa -> client: eap-tls handshake 6.aaa -> authenticator: radi

46. What does FIPS-2 require for WLC to RADIUS communications
AES-Key Wrap
Security --> Advanced --> CIDS --> Sensors
1. LEAP 2. EAP-FAST
1 AP per 15 -000 sq. feet.

47. Protocols used in wIPS
1. CAPWAP 2. NMSP (network mobility services) 3. SNMP 4. SOAP/XML
It handles .1x & NAC auth. with Single Sign on. WLC forwards RADIUS accounting messages (of EAPOL Success) to the NAC upon login - authing the client to nac - & then it goes through posturing
clients are load ballanced between them - this can not be configured otherwise.
1. application type 2. security capabilities 3. QoS policy

48. Will foreign/anchor communication work through PAT?
no
peap-mschapv2 - eap-tls - mfp-v1 - nac
based on auth. group -1. vlan 2. qos 3. acl 4. tunnel attributes
x509v3 certificate

49. What part of an 802.11 Beacon contains the security mechanisms in use
1. VLAN Mapping 2. WLAN Ordering 3. WLAN Configuration
x509v3 certificate
RSN Tag. Auth Key mgmt will show PSK - or WPA (for 802.1x) Stands for Robust Security Network
1. NAC Guest Server (NGS) - Like a RADIUS server when people can create guest accounts 2. Nac Manager (NAM) - Centrilized server for creating policies & profiles that determine network access. 3. Network Access Server (NAS) - The device which control

50. Steps to setting up an out-of-band virtual gateway NAS setup
1. udp 16666 for control traffic 2. IP Protocol 97 (EoIP) for client data traffic
on the WLC -1. Configure an Access vlan & check the quarentine vlan - giving it the quarentine vlan tag 2. on wired net connect the Quarenteen vlan to the untrusted NAS interface. 3. Connect the access vlan to the trusted int. on the nas 4. config sn
no
802.11w