Test your basic knowledge |

Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Copyright law has certain built-in exceptions that allow for special situations in using copyrighted material. They are called what?
Because you can move in close to the subject
Very wide at about 180 degrees
Fair Use
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors

2. Most lenses are sharpest closed down to how many stops from the widest?
256
1 or 2
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
In the middle

3. Resolution refers to what?
A high contrast image
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.

4. What is the optical resolution on a scanner defined as?
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)

5. How would you define exposure in mathematical terms?
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
Additive (R - G - B)

6. What color is opposite Red on the color wheel?
5 -000 Kelvin
High Dynamic Range
Cyan
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.

7. What is burning?
Bit
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Additive (R - G - B)
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker

8. What are quad- and hex- tone printing?
sensor
A RAW file that has been altered
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
Reciprocal relationship

9. What do TTL systems react to?
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
A RAW file that has been altered
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.

10. The histogram of a properly exposed grey card will show a vertical bar where on the histogram?
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
5000K
In the middle

11. What is an element and where is it found?
Zoom lens
Variations command
Add magenta
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.

12. A tall vertical line on the right hand edge of a histogram indicates what?
Blown highlights
3200 Kelvin
Cyan
Total number of pixels

13. Can you save layers in a JPEG file format?
Yellow
Blue
Add magenta
No

14. How much resolution do you need for: Internet? Newspaper? Photographic print? Glossy magazine?
Selecting portions of the image based on color
White (255)
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
Glossy paper

15. The image transmitted by the lens is recorded by the what?
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
sensor
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
More of the background and foreground are sharp.

16. In a 2:1 ratio - the shadow side of the subject would meter at X stop(s) less than the highlight side.
lens-to-subject distance
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
One stop less
Infinity

17. What are the effects of high side lighting?
One stop
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
Infrared

18. Aperture controls what?
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
Snoot
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor

19. What is the effect of front lighting?
Infrared
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
emphasizes textures
Incident light meter

20. This type of file format compresses images by discarding pixels; therefore - each time an images is compressed - it loses pixels.
JPEG
1 1/3 stops
The difference between light and dark.
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.

21. What is the best color profile for web images?
One stop
Blue
sRGB
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor

22. What are IPTC fields used for?
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
Add green
A RAW file that has been altered

23. Contrast measures what in a print?
The difference between light and dark.
White (255)
Bit
Black (0)

24. Why is depth of field greater on a short lens versus a long lens?
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
One stop
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi

25. Printers use what set of colors?
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
Add green
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
One stop less

26. The area of acceptable sharpness in an image is called what?
Because you can move in close to the subject
Actual Pixel view
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
Depth of field

27. A lens set at f/4 admits how much more/less light than one set at f/2.8?
Blown highlights
The amount of information contained in each pixel
Half as much light
3200 Kelvin

28. Photoshop's command for a simple way to start using color balance is what?
The difference between light and dark.
sensor
Fisheye
Variations command

29. Most modern lenses are based on this kind of lens.
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
Metadata
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
Convex

30. What is the name of the technique used to make a monitor look like what you will see on your print?
Soft proofing
The amount of information contained in each pixel
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
One stop less

31. As the aperture becomes smaller - what happens to the depth of field?
sensor
It increases
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
Incident light meter

32. Generally - traditional portraits use what lighting ratio?
Levels adjustment
3:1 or 4:1
White (255)
Add blue

33. Bit depth refers to what?
Add green
RAID system
The amount of information contained in each pixel
Zoom lens

34. 8 bits per pixel gives you how many colors?
256
Because you can move in close to the subject
aperture diameter
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card

35. When the additive primaries are mixed together equally - what is created?
Broad lighting
8 stops
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)

36. What is the term used to describe human's change in perception of a color under different light sources?
Metamerism
Depth of field
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Butterfly lighting

37. This kind of meter is preferred by photographers working in a studio situation where lighting conditions can be altered.
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
Incident light meter
Aperture-Priority
Fair Use

38. If an image is too blue - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
Add yellow
A raster image
The amount of information contained in each pixel

39. What angle should a polarizing filter be to the sun for best results?
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)

40. What kind of film can help reduce haze in a landscape?
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
Levels adjustment
Aperture-priority
Infrared

41. How is brightness and contrast best controlled in Photoshop?
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
8 stops
Levels adjustment
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.

42. This type of backup system is fault-tolerant because it creates redundant data.
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
RAID system
Parallax

43. If an image is too green - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Shutter-priority
Add magenta
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
Very wide at about 180 degrees

44. Whenever another image is copied or moved into a file - Photoshop automatically creates what?
A new layer
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
emphasizes textures
Snoot

45. An 8x10 at 240 dpi will have a resolution of what?
Aperture
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
stopped down
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)

46. The term to describe the combination of aperture and shutter speed that can be changed by moving them in opposite directions.
8 bits
Reciprocal relationship
1/250th
Broad lighting

47. What angle of view does a reflected light meter read?
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
Bit
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees

48. What is the general rule of thumb for the measurement of a 'normal' lens?
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
Magenta
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.

49. Name 2 ways you can decrease depth of field.
A mirror and pentaprism
Add blue
Metamerism
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject

50. What is a flag?
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
A RAW file that has been altered
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare