Test your basic knowledge |

Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What angle should a polarizing filter be to the sun for best results?
Blown highlights
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
9
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.

2. When the subtractive primaries are added together equally - what is created?
Add yellow
Very wide at about 180 degrees
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
JPEG

3. What does "photomacrograph" or "macrophotograph" mean?
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
Because you can move in close to the subject

4. An SLR camera uses what to allow you to see exactly what you'll photograph?
A mirror and pentaprism
Yellow
Cyan
Follow focus

5. Aperture controls what?
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
Bit
9
Shutter-priority

6. A 1:1 lighting ratio produces what lighting result?
8 stops
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
The sensor's sensitivity to light
Flat lighting

7. A technique used to maintain sharp focus on a subject that is moving toward you is called what?
Snoot
emphasizes textures
Follow focus
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.

8. This type of file format compresses images by discarding pixels; therefore - each time an images is compressed - it loses pixels.
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
JPEG
Add red
Add blue

9. What two controls adjust the amount of light that reaches the sensor?
Blue & Green
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
Aperture and shutter
Additive (R - G - B)

10. What does a neutral density filter do?
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Parallax
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
Aperture-priority

11. If an image is too red - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
Fisheye
Add cyan
Yellow

12. Panning does what?
hue/saturation adjustment layer
Add cyan
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background

13. The image transmitted by the lens is recorded by the what?
Aperture-priority
Yellow
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
sensor

14. This type of backup system is fault-tolerant because it creates redundant data.
lens-to-subject distance
RAID system
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."

15. The term to describe the combination of aperture and shutter speed that can be changed by moving them in opposite directions.
RAID system
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
Short lighting.
Reciprocal relationship

16. Cyan is composed of equal parts of what two colors?
Parallax
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
Add red
Blue & Green

17. What color is between Magenta and Cyan on the color wheel?
Blue
The impression human vision gives
Butterfly lighting
One stop

18. Using this kind of automatic exposure setting on the camera - you set the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture.
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
Shutter-Priority
Metamerism

19. If an image is too green - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Magenta
Additive (R - G - B)
Add magenta
Fisheye

20. The term "ISO speed" is used to describe what?

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21. The rule of thirds necessitates that the composition be divided into a grid of now many equal rectangles or squares?
9
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
3200 Kelvin
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)

22. What are the effects of top lighting?
Contrast
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
A RAW file that has been altered

23. What kind of lighting pattern places the key light directly in front of and higher than the face?
Bit
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
Aperture-Priority
Butterfly lighting

24. A histogram shows what in an image?
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
No
The brightness of all the pixels in an image

25. Going clockwise around the color wheel - starting with RED - what is the progression of colors?
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
Reciprocal relationship
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject

26. What are the effects of high side lighting?
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.

27. What does ISO stand for?
lens-to-subject distance
International Organization for Standardization
Actual Pixel view
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.

28. To emphasize texture in a portrait - what kind of light source is recommended?
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
Small light source at an angle to the subject
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
Aperture and shutter

29. What kind of meter is built in to most cameras?
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
Reflected light meter
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
One stop

30. What do the bars on the left of a histogram represent?
1 or 2
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
Black (0)
Cyan

31. Using this kind of automatic exposure setting on the camera - you set the aperture and the camera sets the shutter speed.
Aperture-Priority
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
A high contrast image
Convex

32. The quantity of light that reaches your sensor is controlled by what?
Incident light meter
Shutter speed & aperture
Snoot
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.

33. Focal length controls what?
Total number of pixels
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Butterfly lighting
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.

34. A magic wand tool is used for what?
Selecting portions of the image based on color
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
Actual Pixel view
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.

35. In the 20th century - black & white photographers used the Zone system to tame excessive contrast. Now - digital photographers use what?
No
High Dynamic Range
Follow focus
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically

36. Daylight is approximately what color temperature?
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
Yellow
Parallax
5 -000 Kelvin

37. What is a thyristor?
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
Add red
Aperture and shutter
1/250th

38. What determines what will be a 'normal' focal length lens on a particular camera?
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
Contrast
A high contrast image

39. What are IPTC fields used for?
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
5 -000 Kelvin
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor

40. When the size of the aperture is decreased - it is said to be what?
8 stops
Very wide at about 180 degrees
stopped down
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.

41. In a 2:1 ratio - the shadow side of the subject would meter at X stop(s) less than the highlight side.
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
One stop less
Zoom lens
International Organization for Standardization

42. What is TTL?
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
Variations command
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.

43. What is an element and where is it found?
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
Total number of pixels
Shutter speed & aperture
Zoom lens

44. What is the name of the issue that prevents you from seeing exactly what the lens sees when using a rangefinder camera?
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
Parallax
Shutter-priority

45. As the aperture becomes smaller - what happens to the depth of field?
Blue & Green
The sensor's sensitivity to light
1/250th
It increases

46. A color image with smooth gradiations requires at least what bit depth?
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
5000K
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors

47. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture - what mode are you working in?
Convex
Shutter-priority
8 stops
aperture diameter

48. Printers use how many bits per channel of information when printing?
Add magenta
8 bits
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
More of the background and foreground are sharp.

49. This stores electronic images captured in a digital camera until they can be transferred to a computer.
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
Short lighting.

50. What is the CCD or CMOS sensor?

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