Test your basic knowledge |

Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the usable exposure range - or range of subject brightness called?
Convex
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
lens-to-subject distance
Dynamic range

2. Stopping a lens down from f/8 to f/16 represents a X stop difference.
Very wide at about 180 degrees
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
A change in illumination
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)

3. Daylight is approximately what color temperature?
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
5 -000 Kelvin
Add red
Parallax

4. What does "photomacrograph" or "macrophotograph" mean?
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
Dynamic range
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."

5. What is the term used to describe data contained in a digital image?
Dynamic range
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
Metadata
ISO

6. This kind of meter is preferred by photographers working in a studio situation where lighting conditions can be altered.
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Incident light meter
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
stopped down

7. What kind of meter is built in to most cameras?
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
A raster image
Reflected light meter
The difference between light and dark.

8. This type of file format compresses images by discarding pixels; therefore - each time an images is compressed - it loses pixels.
JPEG
flat - low contrast light
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.

9. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very light toned scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
sensor
Parallax
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor

10. This kind of lens has a variable focal length.
Add green
Use and adjustment layer
Zoom lens
Variations command

11. Why is depth of field greater on a short lens versus a long lens?
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
Total number of pixels
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
1/250th

12. What is the name of the technique used to make a monitor look like what you will see on your print?
A new layer
Soft proofing
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.

13. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture - what mode are you working in?
Shutter-priority
sRGB
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.

14. As the aperture is stopped down - what happens to sharpness?
JPEG
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
RAID system

15. Name 2 ways you can decrease depth of field.
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
Glossy paper
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.

16. What determines what will be a 'normal' focal length lens on a particular camera?
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
Soft proofing
A high contrast image

17. A technique used to maintain sharp focus on a subject that is moving toward you is called what?
A change in illumination
Follow focus
Add yellow
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.

18. In a digital image - the images file sizes corresponds to the total number of what in the image?
Additive (R - G - B)
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
Infrared
Total number of pixels

19. Going clockwise around the color wheel - starting with RED - what is the progression of colors?
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Because you can move in close to the subject

20. Generally - traditional portraits use what lighting ratio?
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
3:1 or 4:1
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.

21. This stores electronic images captured in a digital camera until they can be transferred to a computer.
Parallax
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
High Dynamic Range

22. What is a Bit?
International Organization for Standardization
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
Fair Use

23. To produce optimal sharpness - detail - and resolution - is a higher or lower ISO setting better?
In the middle
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
Levels adjustment
Lower

24. This technique allows you to keep a subject that is moving toward you well focused.
Follow focus
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
aperture diameter

25. What is focal length - technically?
hue/saturation adjustment layer
Zoom lens
Magenta
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.

26. What is the general rule of thumb for the measurement of a 'normal' lens?
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Convex

27. The term to describe the combination of aperture and shutter speed that can be changed by moving them in opposite directions.
The impression human vision gives
Reciprocal relationship
5000K
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.

28. when adjusting an image with levels - if you want to make any color neutral quickly - what would you do?
Dynamic range
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
ISO
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)

29. The relative aperture is equal to the lens focal length divided by what?
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
Infinity
aperture diameter
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors

30. What would you use an ICC profile for?
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
Depth of field
Use and adjustment layer
Metadata

31. The amount of motion blur in an image will increase if you do what?
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
Shutter-Priority
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).

32. Photoshop's command for a simple way to start using color balance is what?
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
stopped down
flat - low contrast light
Variations command

33. The term "ISO speed" is used to describe what?

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34. When mixed in varying proportion - the subtractive primary colors produce what?
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
Fisheye
All colors
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background

35. The image transmitted by the lens is recorded by the what?
Add yellow
Depth of field
sensor
Flat lighting

36. What is interpolated resolution?
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
Zoom lens
8 bits
Half as much light

37. Aperture controls what?
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
Very wide at about 180 degrees
It increases

38. If your print will be viewed mostly under window light - what is the suggested Kelvin temperature of the lights you should use to evaluate your print?
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
5000K
Selecting portions of the image based on color
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card

39. Name two ways you can increase depth of field (other than changing aperture).
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
Aperture-priority
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.

40. As the aperture becomes smaller - what happens to the depth of field?
The amount of information contained in each pixel
It increases
hue/saturation adjustment layer
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.

41. This light modifier can be used to highlight a specific area of the subject.
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
Snoot
5 -000 Kelvin
Zoom lens

42. An SLR camera uses what to allow you to see exactly what you'll photograph?
A mirror and pentaprism
A new layer
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.

43. How much resolution do you need for: Internet? Newspaper? Photographic print? Glossy magazine?
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
Broad lighting
Metamerism

44. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very dark scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
Parallax
One stop less
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor

45. What is burning?
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
9

46. What kind of lighting pattern places the key light directly in front of and higher than the face?
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
Butterfly lighting
5000K
hue/saturation adjustment layer

47. What two controls adjust the amount of light that reaches the sensor?
Blue & Green
Depth of field
Aperture and shutter
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.

48. What angle of view does an incident meter read?
Very wide at about 180 degrees
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
Soft proofing

49. Printers use what set of colors?
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
The sensor's sensitivity to light
The difference between light and dark.
Metadata

50. If an image is too green - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Add magenta
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
Infrared
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree