Test your basic knowledge |

Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A filter with a factor of 2 requires how many stops of compensation?

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2. A color image with smooth gradiations requires at least what bit depth?
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
Cyan
Reflected light meter

3. The histogram of a properly exposed grey card will show a vertical bar where on the histogram?
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
In the middle
Variations command
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan

4. What is a color profile?
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
sRGB
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
Metadata

5. A ring of thin - overlapping leaves located inside the lens is called what?
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
White (255)
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
stopped down

6. What is the suggested shutter speed to stop action of a child running parallel to the film plan - about 25 feet from the camera?
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
1/250th
Add magenta
3:1 or 4:1

7. This type of file format compresses images by discarding pixels; therefore - each time an images is compressed - it loses pixels.
1/250th
JPEG
Selecting portions of the image based on color
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan

8. This kind of lens has a variable focal length.
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
Zoom lens
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast

9. What is interpolated resolution?
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
Add yellow
Blown highlights
Add red

10. What would you use an ICC profile for?
256
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
The brightness of all the pixels in an image

11. What do the bars on the left of a histogram represent?
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
Fair Use
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
Black (0)

12. If an image is too green - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
hue/saturation adjustment layer
Add magenta
A new layer
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment

13. What kind of lighting pattern is useful to widen a subject?
Broad lighting
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)

14. Most lenses are sharpest closed down to how many stops from the widest?
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
Contrast
Follow focus
1 or 2

15. What is a flag?
Metadata
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare

16. A magic wand tool is used for what?
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
Selecting portions of the image based on color
Additive (R - G - B)

17. The term "ISO speed" is used to describe what?

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18. What color is between Magenta and Cyan on the color wheel?
Blue
Fair Use
Metamerism
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view

19. Color systems divide all colors into which three measurements?
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
Hue - Luminance - Saturation

20. Aperture controls what?
sensor
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
Use and adjustment layer
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor

21. What are the effects of top lighting?
Soft proofing
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)

22. Sharpness from near to far is controlled by what?
Add blue
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
Aperture
Lasso tool

23. If an image is too red - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Front lighting
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
Add cyan
Reciprocal relationship

24. Can you save layers in a JPEG file format?
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
No
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
Add yellow

25. If an image is too magenta - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
Add green
Short lighting
A high contrast image

26. The useable exposure range of a sensor - or the range of subject brightness is called what?
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
8 bits
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)

27. Instead of permanently altering your image when adjusting for color and value - what should you do?
Lower
Use and adjustment layer
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
Selecting portions of the image based on color

28. Most modern lenses are based on this kind of lens.
Convex
It increases
Bit
Small light source at an angle to the subject

29. What does a neutral density filter do?
A change in illumination
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
sensor
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.

30. A histogram shows what in an image?
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
Variations command
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
Black (0)

31. When doing close-up work - what happens to the depth of field when the subject is closer to the lens?
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
Very wide at about 180 degrees
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.

32. When buying a lens hood - you should get it in what size relative to the lens?

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33. An image made of pixels is sometimes called what?
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
A raster image
four times more

34. What angle of view does a spot meter read?
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
Flat lighting
Lower

35. Cyan is composed of equal parts of what two colors?
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
Shutter-Priority
Metamerism
Blue & Green

36. In the 20th century - black & white photographers used the Zone system to tame excessive contrast. Now - digital photographers use what?
High Dynamic Range
Add magenta
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)

37. Stopping a lens down from f/8 to f/16 represents a X stop difference.
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
Magenta
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta

38. When the additive primaries are mixed together equally - what is created?
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
JPEG
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)

39. What is a BYTE?
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
Snoot
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.

40. All objects beyond the closest distance in focus will be sharp when this appears within the DOF scale.
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
Infinity
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.

41. What does ISO stand for?
International Organization for Standardization
The amount of information contained in each pixel
Front lighting
More of the background and foreground are sharp.

42. What is TTL?
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
Contrast
One stop less
Levels adjustment

43. What is the inverse square law?
ISO
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
Yellow
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject

44. What is the name of the technique used to make a monitor look like what you will see on your print?
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
Soft proofing
Actual Pixel view

45. Resolution refers to what?
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree

46. Name 3 ways to make a tonal adjustment in Photoshop.
High Dynamic Range
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
Use and adjustment layer

47. Tungsten is approximately what color temperature?
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
1 or 2
3200 Kelvin
Flat lighting

48. A lens with a very wide angle of view and produces barrel distortion is what kind of lens?
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
8 stops
Yellow
Fisheye

49. To emphasize texture in a portrait - what kind of light source is recommended?
Variations command
Small light source at an angle to the subject
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast

50. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture - what mode are you working in?
A new layer
Snoot
Shutter-priority
Fisheye

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Certified Professional Photographer

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