Test your basic knowledge |

Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. When mixed in varying proportion - the subtractive primary colors produce what?
All colors
Variations command
The difference between light and dark.
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.

2. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture - what mode are you working in?
stopped down
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
Shutter-priority
Fisheye

3. If an image is too green - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Very wide at about 180 degrees
Black (0)
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
Add magenta

4. What do TTL systems react to?
1 1/3 stops
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject

5. In short lighting - where is the main light placed?
Selecting portions of the image based on color
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
Add green
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.

6. This light modifier can be used to highlight a specific area of the subject.
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
Snoot
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
A change in illumination

7. What do the bars on the right of a histogram represent?
Yellow
White (255)
Incident light meter
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.

8. How can you change the brightness of the background when using flash?
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
Fair Use
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
5000K

9. In a digital image - the images file sizes corresponds to the total number of what in the image?
Total number of pixels
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
JPEG
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker

10. What light source has the highest color temperature?
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
One stop less

11. Using this kind of automatic exposure setting on the camera - you set the aperture and the camera sets the shutter speed.
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
Aperture-Priority
No

12. A color image with smooth gradiations requires at least what bit depth?
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
Snoot
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors

13. What kind of light will be produced when using a large white umbrella close to a subject?
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
Short lighting
flat - low contrast light
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.

14. What is the CCD or CMOS sensor?

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15. What is the optical resolution on a scanner defined as?
Use and adjustment layer
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
The difference between light and dark.

16. What is the effect of front lighting?
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
Half as much light
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures

17. The quantity of light that reaches your sensor is controlled by what?
Black (0)
Follow focus
Parallax
Shutter speed & aperture

18. Maximum depth of field at a given aperture is achieved by focusing at what?
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
Shutter-Priority

19. If an image is too magenta - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
Add green
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
Glossy paper

20. What image adjustment tool uses a histogram display to alter an image?
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
Fair Use
Levels adjustment
Variations command

21. The area of acceptable sharpness in an image is called what?
RAID system
Depth of field
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
The sensor's sensitivity to light

22. This stores electronic images captured in a digital camera until they can be transferred to a computer.
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
1 or 2

23. What is the general rule of thumb for the measurement of a 'normal' lens?
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
Cyan
Bit

24. If an image is too cyan - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Add red
The difference between light and dark.
Lower

25. What is focal length - technically?
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
Glossy paper
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.

26. What is the inverse square law?
Follow focus
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.

27. What would you use an ICC profile for?
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor

28. How does 'unsharp mask' work?
One stop less
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
A new layer

29. What Photoshop tool allows you to select an area of any size or shape by drawing freehand?
No
Snoot
Lasso tool
Dynamic range

30. Color systems divide all colors into which three measurements?
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
No

31. What is interpolated resolution?
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
3:1 or 4:1
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject

32. What is a BYTE?
emphasizes textures
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.

33. When the subtractive primaries are added together equally - what is created?
9
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.

34. Printers use what set of colors?
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
Black (0)
Dynamic range
Subtractive primaries (plus black)

35. What is TTL?
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
Broad lighting
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.

36. A tonal correction cannot be accomplished by using a...
Follow focus
hue/saturation adjustment layer
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
Yellow

37. Doubling the aperture setting creates how many stops difference in the amount of light reaching the sensor?
One stop
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."

38. Sharpness from near to far is controlled by what?
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
Reciprocal relationship
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Aperture

39. Most inkjet printers intended for photographic printing include light and dark inks of all of the colors except for one. Which color ink is usually available only in one density?
Yellow
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
9
Add green

40. Can you save layers in a JPEG file format?
It increases
No
stopped down
Lower

41. What does ISO stand for?
International Organization for Standardization
Small light source at an angle to the subject
The amount of information contained in each pixel
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)

42. What is a Bit?
Because you can move in close to the subject
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees

43. When doing close-up work - what happens to the depth of field when the subject is closer to the lens?
8 stops
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
Add blue

44. The smallest unit of digital information is called a what?
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
White (255)
Bit
Reciprocal relationship

45. What is the term used to describe human's change in perception of a color under different light sources?
Aperture and shutter
Contrast
Lower
Metamerism

46. A normal (or standard) focal length lens approximates what?
The impression human vision gives
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
Metadata

47. Convex lenses cause light rays to do what?
1 or 2
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)

48. What are the effects of top lighting?
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)

49. A histogram with peaks on either end of the histogram and a deep valley in between represents what?
A high contrast image
sensor
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
Subtractive primaries (plus black)

50. As the aperture becomes smaller - what happens to the depth of field?
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
Aperture
Incident light meter
It increases