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Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How would you define exposure in mathematical terms?
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
Aperture-priority
256
Incident light meter

2. A histogram shows what in an image?
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
8 stops
The brightness of all the pixels in an image

3. Name 3 ways to make a tonal adjustment in Photoshop.
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.

4. In short lighting - where is the main light placed?
Yellow
White (255)
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
Total number of pixels

5. Sharpness from near to far is controlled by what?
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
Butterfly lighting
Cyan
Aperture

6. If an image is too green - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
Add magenta
Incident light meter

7. What is burning?
3:1 or 4:1
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
A new layer
Magenta

8. Panning does what?
In the middle
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)

9. Resolution refers to what?
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
Follow focus
Half as much light
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image

10. Tungsten is approximately what color temperature?
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
3200 Kelvin
Shutter-priority
Soft proofing

11. The term "ISO speed" is used to describe what?

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12. What is a thyristor?
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light

13. What is the inverse square law?
sensor
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.

14. Why does a short lens create wide-angle distortion?
No
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
Additive (R - G - B)
Because you can move in close to the subject

15. A normal (or standard) focal length lens approximates what?
The impression human vision gives
Yellow
Levels adjustment
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures

16. A filter with a factor of 2 requires how many stops of compensation?

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17. What is the term used to describe human's change in perception of a color under different light sources?
The amount of information contained in each pixel
Selecting portions of the image based on color
Metamerism
Variations command

18. A color image with smooth gradiations requires at least what bit depth?
Lasso tool
Convex
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
four times more

19. As the aperture becomes smaller - what happens to the depth of field?
A RAW file that has been altered
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
It increases
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.

20. What angle of view does an incident meter read?
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
Magenta
Very wide at about 180 degrees

21. What angle of view does a reflected light meter read?
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.

22. What determines what will be a 'normal' focal length lens on a particular camera?
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
Short lighting.
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.

23. What does a neutral density filter do?
No
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
3:1 or 4:1
Reciprocal relationship

24. What kind of meter is built in to most cameras?
Reflected light meter
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
Total number of pixels
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.

25. If an image is too cyan - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
Add red
8 stops

26. What angle should a polarizing filter be to the sun for best results?
Incident light meter
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
256
Reflected light meter

27. What is dodging?
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
High Dynamic Range
Because you can move in close to the subject
Very wide at about 180 degrees

28. What is the usable exposure range - or range of subject brightness called?
Dynamic range
Reciprocal relationship
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
More of the background and foreground are sharp.

29. What kind of lighting pattern places the key light directly in front of and higher than the face?
Butterfly lighting
Short lighting.
The impression human vision gives
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject

30. Digital cameras use what set of primary colors?
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
Additive (R - G - B)
Add green

31. When doing close-up work - what happens to the depth of field when the subject is closer to the lens?
Blue
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject

32. What is the term used to describe data contained in a digital image?
The impression human vision gives
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
RAID system
Metadata

33. Whenever another image is copied or moved into a file - Photoshop automatically creates what?
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
Snoot
A new layer
Zoom lens

34. What is interpolated resolution?
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
Cyan
Black (0)
Aperture-priority

35. What is TTL?
Shutter-priority
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
Metamerism
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.

36. To emphasize texture in a portrait - what kind of light source is recommended?
Small light source at an angle to the subject
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
aperture diameter
A high contrast image

37. What is the effect of front lighting?
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
International Organization for Standardization
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures

38. This light modifier can be used to highlight a specific area of the subject.
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
Snoot
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.

39. Contrast measures what in a print?
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
The difference between light and dark.
Broad lighting

40. Bit depth refers to what?
Infinity
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
The amount of information contained in each pixel
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.

41. An image made of pixels is sometimes called what?
A raster image
stopped down
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
Shutter speed & aperture

42. A tonal correction cannot be accomplished by using a...
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
hue/saturation adjustment layer
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
A change in illumination

43. What is gamut?
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
Add yellow
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
1/250th

44. What does "photomacrograph" or "macrophotograph" mean?
A raster image
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
The brightness of all the pixels in an image

45. What light source has the highest color temperature?
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
Short lighting.
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin

46. According to the rule of thirds - where should the important parts of an image fall?
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
JPEG
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
In the middle

47. Maximum depth of field at a given aperture is achieved by focusing at what?
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.

48. What kind of lighting patter is useful to narrow a face?
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
Short lighting
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
flat - low contrast light

49. What are luminance and illuminance?
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
Short lighting
Additive (R - G - B)

50. What would you use an ICC profile for?
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
The impression human vision gives
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)

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