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Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the three main factors that affect depth of field?
Parallax
The amount of information contained in each pixel
stopped down
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject

2. Digital cameras use what set of primary colors?
Additive (R - G - B)
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
Infinity
Add cyan

3. This technique allows you to keep a subject that is moving toward you well focused.
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
Follow focus
Blown highlights

4. What is burning?
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
All colors
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
Reciprocal relationship

5. A histogram with peaks on either end of the histogram and a deep valley in between represents what?
A high contrast image
Add yellow
3200 Kelvin
White (255)

6. Maximum depth of field at a given aperture is achieved by focusing at what?
Aperture
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image

7. Most modern lenses are based on this kind of lens.
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
No
Convex
Levels adjustment

8. What is the suggested shutter speed to stop action of a child running parallel to the film plan - about 25 feet from the camera?
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
1/250th
Incident light meter

9. What does ISO stand for?
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
International Organization for Standardization
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)

10. When doing close-up work - what happens to the depth of field when the subject is closer to the lens?
One stop
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.

11. What determines what will be a 'normal' focal length lens on a particular camera?
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
One stop
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)

12. When the additive primaries are mixed together equally - what is created?
5000K
sensor
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
Selecting portions of the image based on color

13. In the 20th century - black & white photographers used the Zone system to tame excessive contrast. Now - digital photographers use what?
5 -000 Kelvin
Use and adjustment layer
Aperture
High Dynamic Range

14. Printers use how many bits per channel of information when printing?
8 bits
In the middle
Cyan
5 -000 Kelvin

15. What kind of lighting pattern places the key light directly in front of and higher than the face?
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
Butterfly lighting
All colors
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast

16. This type of file format compresses images by discarding pixels; therefore - each time an images is compressed - it loses pixels.
flat - low contrast light
JPEG
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card

17. What image adjustment tool uses a histogram display to alter an image?
sensor
Levels adjustment
Incident light meter
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan

18. To produce optimal sharpness - detail - and resolution - is a higher or lower ISO setting better?
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
International Organization for Standardization
Lower

19. A general purpose lens will provide an f-stop range of up to how many?
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
8 stops
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area

20. Cyan is composed of equal parts of what two colors?
Blue & Green
Incident light meter
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan

21. What color is opposite Red on the color wheel?
Cyan
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
Metadata
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.

22. What kind of lighting pattern is best for average oval faces and round faces you want to slim?
A change in illumination
Short lighting.
Infrared
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast

23. Sharpness from near to far is controlled by what?
Aperture
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
Follow focus

24. How much resolution do you need for: Internet? Newspaper? Photographic print? Glossy magazine?
Shutter speed & aperture
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
The difference between light and dark.

25. An image made of pixels is sometimes called what?
sensor
ISO
Parallax
A raster image

26. Focal length controls what?
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
four times more
One stop

27. Name 2 ways you can decrease depth of field.
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
A new layer
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
A RAW file that has been altered

28. Daylight is approximately what color temperature?
5 -000 Kelvin
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
Flat lighting

29. What do the bars on the left of a histogram represent?
Black (0)
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
In the middle

30. If an image is too red - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
3:1 or 4:1
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
Add cyan

31. Bit depth refers to what?
Add cyan
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
Fisheye
The amount of information contained in each pixel

32. What is the name of the technique used to make a monitor look like what you will see on your print?
sRGB
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
Soft proofing

33. If an image is too green - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
Add magenta
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.

34. What angle of view does a spot meter read?
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
Use and adjustment layer

35. Tungsten is approximately what color temperature?
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
Add yellow
3200 Kelvin
Small light source at an angle to the subject

36. What is a Bit?
Yellow
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.

37. Name two ways you can increase depth of field (other than changing aperture).
Metamerism
four times more
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
Shutter-Priority

38. The smallest unit of digital information is called a what?
Lower
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Bit
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.

39. To minimize facial wrinkles - this type of lighting is best.
Additive (R - G - B)
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
Front lighting
Shutter speed & aperture

40. The term to describe the combination of aperture and shutter speed that can be changed by moving them in opposite directions.
The sensor's sensitivity to light
Reciprocal relationship
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
Shutter-priority

41. What do TTL systems react to?
In the middle
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Levels adjustment
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)

42. Using this kind of automatic exposure setting on the camera - you set the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture.
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
Shutter-Priority
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree

43. Blue is opposite what color on the color wheel?
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
Yellow
Infinity
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.

44. Convex lenses cause light rays to do what?
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
A high contrast image
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically

45. Photoshop's command for a simple way to start using color balance is what?
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
Selecting portions of the image based on color
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
Variations command

46. In a digital image - the images file sizes corresponds to the total number of what in the image?
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
Total number of pixels

47. How can you change the brightness of the background when using flash?
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
RAID system
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
8 bits

48. What are IPTC fields used for?
Add cyan
No
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.

49. The useable exposure range of a sensor - or the range of subject brightness is called what?
Lasso tool
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
Total number of pixels

50. What kind of lighting pattern is useful to widen a subject?
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
Add red
A RAW file that has been altered
Broad lighting

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