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Certified Professional Photographer

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A histogram shows what in an image?
The amount of information contained in each pixel
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
It increases
Blown highlights

2. when adjusting an image with levels - if you want to make any color neutral quickly - what would you do?
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Front lighting
1/250th

3. A color image with smooth gradiations requires at least what bit depth?
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background

4. What does side lighting emphasize?
8 bits
Metadata
emphasizes textures
9

5. A magic wand tool is used for what?
Selecting portions of the image based on color
Blue & Green
8 stops
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta

6. What are the effects of top lighting?
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
Zoom lens
Half as much light

7. In short lighting - where is the main light placed?
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
Blown highlights
Shutter speed & aperture

8. What two controls adjust the amount of light that reaches the sensor?
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Add blue
1 or 2
Aperture and shutter

9. What angle should a polarizing filter be to the sun for best results?
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
A high contrast image
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.

10. The image transmitted by the lens is recorded by the what?
Contrast
Add green
In the middle
sensor

11. When the size of the aperture is decreased - it is said to be what?
stopped down
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
Add red
Yellow

12. What determines what will be a 'normal' focal length lens on a particular camera?
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
Contrast
emphasizes textures

13. The term "ISO speed" is used to describe what?

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14. A lens with a very wide angle of view and produces barrel distortion is what kind of lens?
Add yellow
Fisheye
It increases
Contrast

15. What is a derivative file?
5000K
A RAW file that has been altered
Incident light meter
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.

16. What do TTL systems react to?
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.
1 1/3 stops
JPEG
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.

17. Most modern lenses are based on this kind of lens.
Convex
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
stopped down
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor

18. A tall vertical line on the right hand edge of a histogram indicates what?
Bit
Blown highlights
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
Very wide at about 180 degrees

19. What angle of view does a reflected light meter read?
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
Soft proofing
Dynamic range
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment

20. Doubling the aperture setting creates how many stops difference in the amount of light reaching the sensor?
One stop
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.

21. What is the usable exposure range - or range of subject brightness called?
Dynamic range
3200 Kelvin
Shutter-Priority
Reflected light meter

22. To produce optimal sharpness - detail - and resolution - is a higher or lower ISO setting better?
Add yellow
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
Lower
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.

23. An SLR camera uses what to allow you to see exactly what you'll photograph?
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
Follow focus
Selecting portions of the image based on color
A mirror and pentaprism

24. Instead of permanently altering your image when adjusting for color and value - what should you do?
Very wide at about 180 degrees
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
Use and adjustment layer
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.

25. As the aperture becomes smaller - what happens to the depth of field?
It increases
In the middle
8 stops
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor

26. Photoshop's command for a simple way to start using color balance is what?
Add cyan
1 1/3 stops
Variations command
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.

27. The useable exposure range of a sensor - or the range of subject brightness is called what?
stopped down
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
Metadata

28. What is a color profile?
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
Aperture-priority
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)

29. What does a neutral density filter do?
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
Add magenta
3:1 or 4:1
RAID system

30. When the subtractive primaries are added together equally - what is created?
One stop less
Fisheye
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan

31. This viewing option gives you the most accurate version of your image in Photoshop.
Half as much light
Depth of field
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
Actual Pixel view

32. Tungsten is approximately what color temperature?
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
3200 Kelvin
International Organization for Standardization
Follow focus

33. Panning does what?
Add green
Add magenta
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card

34. If an image is too magenta - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Add green
Aperture-Priority
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
emphasizes textures

35. If an image is too cyan - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
Add red
aperture diameter
One stop

36. In a curves adjustment layer - what does the shape of the curve indicate?
3:1 or 4:1
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
Contrast
Flat lighting

37. What is interpolated resolution?
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
Blue
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast

38. This light modifier can be used to highlight a specific area of the subject.
Front lighting
256
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
Snoot

39. Color systems divide all colors into which three measurements?
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
Because you can move in close to the subject
Metamerism

40. A general purpose lens will provide an f-stop range of up to how many?
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
Reciprocal relationship
Add cyan
8 stops

41. The greatest tonal range from black to white is achievable on what kind of paper?
8 stops
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
Lasso tool
Glossy paper

42. What is the best color profile for web images?
sRGB
Fisheye
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Blue & Green

43. Can you save layers in a JPEG file format?
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
Aperture-Priority
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
No

44. Why is depth of field greater on a short lens versus a long lens?
Levels adjustment
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
Half as much light

45. An image made of pixels is sometimes called what?
Fisheye
A raster image
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
lens-to-subject distance

46. What kind of light will be produced when using a large white umbrella close to a subject?
5000K
flat - low contrast light
aperture diameter
sensor

47. What is the suggested shutter speed to stop action of a child running parallel to the film plan - about 25 feet from the camera?
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
1/250th
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.

48. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very light toned scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
8 bits
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
1 1/3 stops
Add magenta

49. How is brightness and contrast best controlled in Photoshop?
Front lighting
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
Levels adjustment
One stop less

50. What kind of lighting patter is useful to narrow a face?
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
Short lighting
Shutter-Priority
Aperture

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