Test your basic knowledge |

Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A color image with smooth gradiations requires at least what bit depth?
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
1 1/3 stops
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
The sensor's sensitivity to light

2. What is the general rule of thumb for the measurement of a 'normal' lens?
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
The amount of information contained in each pixel
Magenta
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.

3. What are the effects of high side lighting?
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
8 bits
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
Dynamic range

4. What kind of meter is built in to most cameras?
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
1/250th
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
Reflected light meter

5. Most modern lenses are based on this kind of lens.
8 bits
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
Front lighting
Convex

6. Convex lenses cause light rays to do what?
sensor
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
Front lighting
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light

7. What is the best color profile for web images?
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
Shutter speed & aperture
sRGB
emphasizes textures

8. Perspective is affected by what?
8 bits
flat - low contrast light
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
lens-to-subject distance

9. An image made of pixels is sometimes called what?
Bit
sRGB
Lasso tool
A raster image

10. All objects beyond the closest distance in focus will be sharp when this appears within the DOF scale.
Infinity
Additive (R - G - B)
stopped down
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor

11. What angle should a polarizing filter be to the sun for best results?
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Dynamic range

12. Cyan is composed of equal parts of what two colors?
Small light source at an angle to the subject
Add blue
Blue & Green
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees

13. When doing close-up work - what happens to the depth of field when the subject is closer to the lens?
Actual Pixel view
Because you can move in close to the subject
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)

14. What is an element and where is it found?
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
Butterfly lighting
The impression human vision gives
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.

15. Name two ways you can increase depth of field (other than changing aperture).
aperture diameter
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
White (255)

16. What is the term used to describe a sensor's sensitivity to light?
ISO
Aperture-Priority
Dynamic range
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)

17. The rule of thirds necessitates that the composition be divided into a grid of now many equal rectangles or squares?
Actual Pixel view
9
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.

18. What does ISO stand for?
Levels adjustment
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
International Organization for Standardization
The sensor's sensitivity to light

19. Bit depth refers to what?
The amount of information contained in each pixel
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
The brightness of all the pixels in an image

20. In a curves adjustment layer - what does the shape of the curve indicate?
Follow focus
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
Contrast
Aperture-Priority

21. This viewing option gives you the most accurate version of your image in Photoshop.
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
8 bits
Shutter-priority
Actual Pixel view

22. Copyright law has certain built-in exceptions that allow for special situations in using copyrighted material. They are called what?
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
Fair Use
A new layer

23. As the aperture is stopped down - what happens to sharpness?
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
Yellow
Contrast

24. How is brightness and contrast best controlled in Photoshop?
Levels adjustment
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
Add cyan
Follow focus

25. Whenever another image is copied or moved into a file - Photoshop automatically creates what?
A new layer
Follow focus
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
High Dynamic Range

26. 8 bits per pixel gives you how many colors?
256
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
Bit
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.

27. Printers use what set of colors?
One stop less
Blue & Green
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors

28. If your print will be viewed mostly under window light - what is the suggested Kelvin temperature of the lights you should use to evaluate your print?
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
5000K
Half as much light
Add red

29. Doubling the aperture setting creates how many stops difference in the amount of light reaching the sensor?
Depth of field
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
One stop
Metadata

30. If an image is too yellow - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.
Add blue
8 bits
Black (0)

31. How can you change the brightness of the background when using flash?
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
Bit
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.

32. This kind of lens has a variable focal length.
Zoom lens
Fisheye
Add blue
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)

33. Daylight is approximately what color temperature?
aperture diameter
sRGB
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
5 -000 Kelvin

34. Why does a short lens create wide-angle distortion?
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
1/250th
Because you can move in close to the subject

35. According to the Inverse Square Law - at a distance of 10 feet from a flash - the area illuminated receives how much more/less light than the area illuminated at 20 feet from the flash?
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
Actual Pixel view
four times more
The sensor's sensitivity to light

36. What do the bars on the left of a histogram represent?
Black (0)
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
Blown highlights
Snoot

37. This kind of meter is preferred by photographers working in a studio situation where lighting conditions can be altered.
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
Incident light meter
Add cyan
four times more

38. A magic wand tool is used for what?
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
5000K
Selecting portions of the image based on color

39. An incident-exposure reading for a fair-skinned subject reads f/8 - 1/125th at 100 ISO. The next subject is very dark skinned. What is the proper exposure for the second subject?

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40. How would you define exposure in mathematical terms?
Aperture
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
3:1 or 4:1

41. To minimize facial wrinkles - this type of lighting is best.
Glossy paper
Front lighting
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
Variations command

42. What does the term "stop" mean?
A change in illumination
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
Incident light meter
Very wide at about 180 degrees

43. The histogram of a properly exposed grey card will show a vertical bar where on the histogram?
lens-to-subject distance
Because you can move in close to the subject
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
In the middle

44. This type of backup system is fault-tolerant because it creates redundant data.
Parallax
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
Follow focus
RAID system

45. Going clockwise around the color wheel - starting with RED - what is the progression of colors?
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
A change in illumination
Bit
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta

46. A histogram with peaks on either end of the histogram and a deep valley in between represents what?
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
A high contrast image
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
Yellow

47. What is a color profile?
Small light source at an angle to the subject
Black (0)
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Lasso tool

48. An 8x10 at 240 dpi will have a resolution of what?
Incident light meter
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
Yellow

49. When the additive primaries are mixed together equally - what is created?
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
International Organization for Standardization
emphasizes textures
Glossy paper

50. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the aperture and the camera sets the shutter speed - what mode are you working in?
Aperture-priority
Actual Pixel view
Depth of field
9