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Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What color is opposite Green on the color wheel?
A new layer
A RAW file that has been altered
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Magenta

2. 8 bits per pixel gives you how many colors?
256
The difference between light and dark.
Broad lighting
Very wide at about 180 degrees

3. A tall vertical line on the right hand edge of a histogram indicates what?
Blown highlights
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
Infinity

4. Color systems divide all colors into which three measurements?
Convex
High Dynamic Range
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
sRGB

5. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very dark scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
hue/saturation adjustment layer
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
A mirror and pentaprism

6. Name 2 ways you can decrease depth of field.
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
One stop
Metadata

7. What kind of lighting pattern places the key light directly in front of and higher than the face?
Butterfly lighting
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
four times more

8. Copyright law has certain built-in exceptions that allow for special situations in using copyrighted material. They are called what?
aperture diameter
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
Fair Use
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.

9. What are the effects of top lighting?
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
Actual Pixel view
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
Metadata

10. What color is between Magenta and Cyan on the color wheel?
aperture diameter
Blue
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
Flat lighting

11. What is a flag?
The amount of information contained in each pixel
sRGB
Add blue
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare

12. What kind of lighting pattern is best for average oval faces and round faces you want to slim?
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
Short lighting.

13. What does "photomacrograph" or "macrophotograph" mean?
All colors
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
Fisheye
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."

14. What are the three main factors that affect depth of field?
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.

15. What is the name of the issue that prevents you from seeing exactly what the lens sees when using a rangefinder camera?
Parallax
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
stopped down
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view

16. According to the rule of thirds - where should the important parts of an image fall?
Small light source at an angle to the subject
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
Shutter-Priority
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.

17. What is a derivative file?
High Dynamic Range
Half as much light
A RAW file that has been altered
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.

18. The image transmitted by the lens is recorded by the what?
3200 Kelvin
The impression human vision gives
The difference between light and dark.
sensor

19. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very light toned scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
Blown highlights
Aperture-priority

20. To emphasize texture in a portrait - what kind of light source is recommended?
Small light source at an angle to the subject
Dynamic range
Reflected light meter
Flat lighting

21. How does 'unsharp mask' work?
Metadata
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.

22. Panning does what?
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
Add green
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background

23. A general purpose lens will provide an f-stop range of up to how many?
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
Incident light meter
8 stops
Subtractive primaries (plus black)

24. What Photoshop tool allows you to select an area of any size or shape by drawing freehand?
Cyan
Lasso tool
lens-to-subject distance
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment

25. A filter with a factor of 2 requires how many stops of compensation?

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26. What angle of view does a spot meter read?
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
Shutter-priority
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light

27. What is the suggested shutter speed to stop action of a child running parallel to the film plan - about 25 feet from the camera?
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
1/250th

28. An 8x10 at 240 dpi will have a resolution of what?
Follow focus
It increases
Short lighting.
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)

29. How can you change the brightness of the background when using flash?
Yellow
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
Total number of pixels
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed

30. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture - what mode are you working in?
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
Shutter-priority
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)

31. Whenever another image is copied or moved into a file - Photoshop automatically creates what?
A new layer
Reflected light meter
Selecting portions of the image based on color
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors

32. Doubling the aperture setting creates how many stops difference in the amount of light reaching the sensor?
One stop
Convex
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
1 or 2

33. Most inkjet printers intended for photographic printing include light and dark inks of all of the colors except for one. Which color ink is usually available only in one density?
Yellow
Lasso tool
1 or 2
Blown highlights

34. All objects beyond the closest distance in focus will be sharp when this appears within the DOF scale.
9
Infinity
All colors
Yellow

35. A lens with a very wide angle of view and produces barrel distortion is what kind of lens?
Fisheye
Add green
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
Aperture

36. What is interpolated resolution?
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
Yellow
The sensor's sensitivity to light
Front lighting

37. Perspective is affected by what?
256
lens-to-subject distance
Aperture and shutter
Follow focus

38. What is the optical resolution on a scanner defined as?
Depth of field
Add cyan
Aperture
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)

39. When the size of the aperture is decreased - it is said to be what?
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
stopped down
The brightness of all the pixels in an image

40. What are the effects of high side lighting?
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
Subtractive primaries (plus black)

41. What is the term used to describe data contained in a digital image?
Metadata
256
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
3:1 or 4:1

42. Printers use how many bits per channel of information when printing?
8 bits
Add cyan
The amount of information contained in each pixel
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)

43. Photoshop's command for a simple way to start using color balance is what?
Fair Use
Variations command
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.

44. What kind of film can help reduce haze in a landscape?
Short lighting
A change in illumination
Infrared
A raster image

45. When doing close-up work - what happens to the depth of field when the subject is closer to the lens?
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
Blown highlights
Magenta
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.

46. What is the effect of front lighting?
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
emphasizes textures

47. Using this kind of automatic exposure setting on the camera - you set the aperture and the camera sets the shutter speed.
White (255)
Aperture-Priority
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)

48. What is a Bit?
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
Follow focus
Reflected light meter
Total number of pixels

49. If an image is too yellow - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
emphasizes textures
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
Add blue

50. What color is opposite Red on the color wheel?
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
Cyan
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
Zoom lens

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