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Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What angle should a polarizing filter be to the sun for best results?
A raster image
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
Metadata

2. This stores electronic images captured in a digital camera until they can be transferred to a computer.
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.

3. What do TTL systems react to?
emphasizes textures
Use and adjustment layer
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)

4. The useable exposure range of a sensor - or the range of subject brightness is called what?
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
Broad lighting
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.

5. What is the CCD or CMOS sensor?

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6. What kind of lighting pattern is useful to widen a subject?
Snoot
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.
Broad lighting

7. When the additive primaries are mixed together equally - what is created?
Incident light meter
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
Shutter-Priority
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)

8. Sharpness from near to far is controlled by what?
Aperture
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
Small light source at an angle to the subject
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.

9. According to the rule of thirds - where should the important parts of an image fall?
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
3200 Kelvin
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
Metamerism

10. The smallest unit of digital information is called a what?
sensor
Very wide at about 180 degrees
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
Bit

11. How much resolution do you need for: Internet? Newspaper? Photographic print? Glossy magazine?
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
5000K
Contrast
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi

12. If an image is too yellow - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
hue/saturation adjustment layer
Add blue
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
White (255)

13. What are the effects of high side lighting?
3200 Kelvin
Because you can move in close to the subject
Add blue
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.

14. The area of acceptable sharpness in an image is called what?
Incident light meter
Depth of field
Glossy paper
All colors

15. A histogram shows what in an image?
Levels adjustment
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
Lower
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color

16. An incident-exposure reading for a fair-skinned subject reads f/8 - 1/125th at 100 ISO. The next subject is very dark skinned. What is the proper exposure for the second subject?

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17. Panning does what?
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
Small light source at an angle to the subject
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background

18. This light modifier can be used to highlight a specific area of the subject.
Fair Use
Reciprocal relationship
Snoot
four times more

19. What is a color profile?
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
International Organization for Standardization
Infinity

20. What does a neutral density filter do?
Contrast
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
Incident light meter
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light

21. What does "photomacrograph" or "macrophotograph" mean?
JPEG
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image

22. Name 3 ways to make a tonal adjustment in Photoshop.
9
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
Soft proofing
Add yellow

23. What is a thyristor?
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
A mirror and pentaprism
8 bits
The difference between light and dark.

24. What would you use an ICC profile for?
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
Yellow

25. What is the best color profile for web images?
Fisheye
3200 Kelvin
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
sRGB

26. What are quad- and hex- tone printing?
1/250th
256
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast

27. Why is depth of field greater on a short lens versus a long lens?
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
Butterfly lighting
stopped down
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.

28. Contrast measures what in a print?
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
Blue
The difference between light and dark.

29. If an image is too blue - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Add yellow
Because you can move in close to the subject
Additive (R - G - B)
All colors

30. If an image is too red - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Total number of pixels
Add cyan
No
Infinity

31. When the size of the aperture is decreased - it is said to be what?
Incident light meter
Aperture
stopped down
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view

32. What is burning?
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker

33. Doubling the aperture setting creates how many stops difference in the amount of light reaching the sensor?
Infrared
One stop
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
Convex

34. Resolution refers to what?
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
Add yellow
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
Convex

35. Instead of permanently altering your image when adjusting for color and value - what should you do?
Use and adjustment layer
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare

36. The greatest tonal range from black to white is achievable on what kind of paper?
Zoom lens
Glossy paper
sensor
5 -000 Kelvin

37. What is the general rule of thumb for the measurement of a 'normal' lens?
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
Add green
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)

38. Printers use what set of colors?
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
Add magenta
More of the background and foreground are sharp.

39. What are the effects of top lighting?
Snoot
In the middle
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.

40. What is focal length - technically?
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
Fair Use

41. What is the name of the issue that prevents you from seeing exactly what the lens sees when using a rangefinder camera?
Parallax
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
Because you can move in close to the subject
One stop

42. Using this kind of automatic exposure setting on the camera - you set the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture.
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
Magenta
Shutter-Priority
A raster image

43. Stopping a lens down from f/8 to f/16 represents a X stop difference.
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
Soft proofing
Infrared

44. A filter with a factor of 2 requires how many stops of compensation?

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45. Blue is opposite what color on the color wheel?
Yellow
Follow focus
8 bits
Snoot

46. What angle of view does a reflected light meter read?
Actual Pixel view
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
Depth of field
Small light source at an angle to the subject

47. The relative aperture is equal to the lens focal length divided by what?
Total number of pixels
aperture diameter
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
1 1/3 stops

48. What is a derivative file?
Small light source at an angle to the subject
Levels adjustment
A RAW file that has been altered
Depth of field

49. As the aperture becomes smaller - what happens to the depth of field?
A high contrast image
Aperture-priority
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
It increases

50. A normal (or standard) focal length lens approximates what?
5 -000 Kelvin
Blown highlights
1 or 2
The impression human vision gives

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