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Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Color systems divide all colors into which three measurements?
Lasso tool
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
Total number of pixels

2. The rule of thirds necessitates that the composition be divided into a grid of now many equal rectangles or squares?
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
9
A high contrast image
International Organization for Standardization

3. What does ISO stand for?
Cyan
Short lighting
International Organization for Standardization
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare

4. To minimize facial wrinkles - this type of lighting is best.
One stop
Because you can move in close to the subject
Soft proofing
Front lighting

5. Name 3 ways to make a tonal adjustment in Photoshop.
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment

6. How does 'unsharp mask' work?
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.

7. If an image is too blue - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
Add yellow
Broad lighting
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta

8. A lens with a very wide angle of view and produces barrel distortion is what kind of lens?
9
Fisheye
emphasizes textures
Bit

9. Can you save layers in a JPEG file format?
No
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
Add green
Levels adjustment

10. What kind of meter is built in to most cameras?
One stop less
1 or 2
Reflected light meter
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.

11. The smallest unit of digital information is called a what?
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
Flat lighting
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
Bit

12. The relative aperture is equal to the lens focal length divided by what?
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
aperture diameter
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
Reciprocal relationship

13. An incident-exposure reading for a fair-skinned subject reads f/8 - 1/125th at 100 ISO. The next subject is very dark skinned. What is the proper exposure for the second subject?

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14. In a curves adjustment layer - what does the shape of the curve indicate?
A raster image
Contrast
Glossy paper
Selecting portions of the image based on color

15. If an image is too yellow - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Add blue
In the middle
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker

16. Digital cameras use what set of primary colors?
Additive (R - G - B)
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
8 stops
lens-to-subject distance

17. What are the effects of top lighting?
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Add red
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast

18. What is the term used to describe human's change in perception of a color under different light sources?
One stop less
One stop
Metamerism
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree

19. What is focal length - technically?
Flat lighting
sRGB
One stop
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.

20. A histogram with peaks on either end of the histogram and a deep valley in between represents what?
A high contrast image
Black (0)
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures

21. Contrast measures what in a print?
Additive (R - G - B)
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
flat - low contrast light
The difference between light and dark.

22. What is a flag?
Parallax
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
Depth of field

23. The term "ISO speed" is used to describe what?

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24. A tall vertical line on the right hand edge of a histogram indicates what?
The sensor's sensitivity to light
Zoom lens
Blown highlights
1/250th

25. What do the bars on the right of a histogram represent?
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
A RAW file that has been altered
White (255)

26. Most modern lenses are based on this kind of lens.
Convex
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
The brightness of all the pixels in an image

27. What kind of film can help reduce haze in a landscape?
Infrared
Variations command
256
Aperture-Priority

28. Perspective is affected by what?
lens-to-subject distance
Small light source at an angle to the subject
Blue & Green
Incident light meter

29. According to the rule of thirds - where should the important parts of an image fall?
Yellow
A raster image
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject

30. Most inkjet printers intended for photographic printing include light and dark inks of all of the colors except for one. Which color ink is usually available only in one density?
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
Yellow
Glossy paper

31. When the subtractive primaries are added together equally - what is created?
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
3200 Kelvin

32. If an image is too cyan - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Add red
Add yellow
Front lighting
9

33. Stopping a lens down from f/8 to f/16 represents a X stop difference.
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
Aperture and shutter
1/250th
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)

34. What light source has the highest color temperature?
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
The difference between light and dark.
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)

35. What is an element and where is it found?
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
hue/saturation adjustment layer
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.

36. In a 2:1 ratio - the shadow side of the subject would meter at X stop(s) less than the highlight side.
Front lighting
Blue & Green
One stop less
Infrared

37. This stores electronic images captured in a digital camera until they can be transferred to a computer.
Yellow
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
Short lighting
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card

38. What color is between Magenta and Cyan on the color wheel?
Magenta
Broad lighting
Blue
Half as much light

39. The histogram of a properly exposed grey card will show a vertical bar where on the histogram?
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
In the middle
Aperture-priority

40. A normal (or standard) focal length lens approximates what?
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
The impression human vision gives
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject

41. An SLR camera uses what to allow you to see exactly what you'll photograph?
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
A mirror and pentaprism

42. What two controls adjust the amount of light that reaches the sensor?
Snoot
Small light source at an angle to the subject
Aperture and shutter
8 stops

43. Why is depth of field greater on a short lens versus a long lens?
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
Depth of field

44. What color is opposite Red on the color wheel?
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
The sensor's sensitivity to light
It increases
Cyan

45. Instead of permanently altering your image when adjusting for color and value - what should you do?
Use and adjustment layer
Variations command
Blue & Green
Metamerism

46. This light modifier can be used to highlight a specific area of the subject.
Total number of pixels
Butterfly lighting
Contrast
Snoot

47. What is the name of the issue that prevents you from seeing exactly what the lens sees when using a rangefinder camera?
RAID system
Parallax
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.

48. What are quad- and hex- tone printing?
Very wide at about 180 degrees
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.

49. Name 2 ways you can decrease depth of field.
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
aperture diameter
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject

50. A technique used to maintain sharp focus on a subject that is moving toward you is called what?
Add green
Follow focus
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.

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