Test your basic knowledge |

Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the CCD or CMOS sensor?

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2. What is a Bit?
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
Aperture and shutter
Parallax
Aperture-priority

3. A color image with smooth gradiations requires at least what bit depth?
Yellow
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors

4. What is interpolated resolution?
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.

5. The histogram of a properly exposed grey card will show a vertical bar where on the histogram?
It increases
In the middle
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.

6. What is the general rule of thumb for the measurement of a 'normal' lens?
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
Lower

7. A lens with a very wide angle of view and produces barrel distortion is what kind of lens?
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
Fisheye
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)

8. Can you save layers in a JPEG file format?
Small light source at an angle to the subject
Cyan
No
The sensor's sensitivity to light

9. Most inkjet printers intended for photographic printing include light and dark inks of all of the colors except for one. Which color ink is usually available only in one density?
Aperture
Short lighting.
Yellow
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color

10. In a 2:1 ratio - the shadow side of the subject would meter at X stop(s) less than the highlight side.
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
Aperture
A RAW file that has been altered
One stop less

11. Copyright law has certain built-in exceptions that allow for special situations in using copyrighted material. They are called what?
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
Fair Use
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast

12. According to the Inverse Square Law - at a distance of 10 feet from a flash - the area illuminated receives how much more/less light than the area illuminated at 20 feet from the flash?
Glossy paper
four times more
One stop
The amount of information contained in each pixel

13. What is a flag?
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
A new layer
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.

14. This kind of meter is preferred by photographers working in a studio situation where lighting conditions can be altered.
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
Incident light meter
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin

15. A 1:1 lighting ratio produces what lighting result?
A new layer
Half as much light
Flat lighting
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)

16. To minimize facial wrinkles - this type of lighting is best.
Black (0)
A raster image
Front lighting
Fisheye

17. An 8x10 at 240 dpi will have a resolution of what?
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
8 stops
Short lighting.
Levels adjustment

18. The area of acceptable sharpness in an image is called what?
Reflected light meter
Depth of field
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
Add cyan

19. What angle of view does an incident meter read?
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
Use and adjustment layer
Very wide at about 180 degrees
One stop less

20. What is burning?
The difference between light and dark.
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
1 1/3 stops
Add magenta

21. Most lenses are sharpest closed down to how many stops from the widest?
1 or 2
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject

22. In a curves adjustment layer - what does the shape of the curve indicate?
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
A mirror and pentaprism
Contrast
Short lighting

23. The smallest unit of digital information is called a what?
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
Bit
Metadata
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)

24. What color is opposite Green on the color wheel?
Add green
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
A high contrast image
Magenta

25. This type of file format compresses images by discarding pixels; therefore - each time an images is compressed - it loses pixels.
All colors
No
Contrast
JPEG

26. What kind of lighting pattern places the key light directly in front of and higher than the face?
Butterfly lighting
Aperture
Selecting portions of the image based on color
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.

27. Generally - how much exposure compensation (in stops) should be used when using a polarizing filter?
5000K
1 1/3 stops
Fair Use
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.

28. What does the term "stop" mean?
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
The amount of information contained in each pixel
A change in illumination
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan

29. How does 'unsharp mask' work?
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
Broad lighting
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.

30. Maximum depth of field at a given aperture is achieved by focusing at what?
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
Infrared
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
The difference between light and dark.

31. The term "ISO speed" is used to describe what?

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32. What is the term used to describe data contained in a digital image?
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
Metadata
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.

33. Daylight is approximately what color temperature?
One stop
5 -000 Kelvin
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).

34. This light modifier can be used to highlight a specific area of the subject.
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
1/250th
Snoot

35. The term to describe the combination of aperture and shutter speed that can be changed by moving them in opposite directions.
One stop
flat - low contrast light
One stop less
Reciprocal relationship

36. 8 bits per pixel gives you how many colors?
Blown highlights
Aperture and shutter
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
256

37. What are luminance and illuminance?
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
Shutter speed & aperture

38. This kind of lens has a variable focal length.
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.
Zoom lens
Short lighting.
stopped down

39. Printers use what set of colors?
Convex
stopped down
Levels adjustment
Subtractive primaries (plus black)

40. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very light toned scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
The difference between light and dark.
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
Total number of pixels

41. When the subtractive primaries are added together equally - what is created?
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
Glossy paper
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
1/250th

42. A histogram with peaks on either end of the histogram and a deep valley in between represents what?
A high contrast image
A change in illumination
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
Add cyan

43. Generally - traditional portraits use what lighting ratio?
3:1 or 4:1
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
Bit
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.

44. If an image is too yellow - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
Add blue
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
Metamerism

45. How can you change the brightness of the background when using flash?
Parallax
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
aperture diameter
No

46. In a digital image - the images file sizes corresponds to the total number of what in the image?
Add yellow
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
Total number of pixels
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.

47. What is the effect of front lighting?
Add magenta
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
A high contrast image
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.

48. Instead of permanently altering your image when adjusting for color and value - what should you do?
Use and adjustment layer
A mirror and pentaprism
All colors
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject

49. What is the term used to describe a sensor's sensitivity to light?
RAID system
ISO
Aperture-priority
International Organization for Standardization

50. All objects beyond the closest distance in focus will be sharp when this appears within the DOF scale.
8 stops
Infinity
Black (0)
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)