Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The term "ISO speed" is used to describe what?

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2. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the aperture and the camera sets the shutter speed - what mode are you working in?
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
High Dynamic Range
Total number of pixels
Aperture-priority


3. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture - what mode are you working in?
Fair Use
Zoom lens
A RAW file that has been altered
Shutter-priority


4. What is gamut?
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
3200 Kelvin


5. Name 3 ways to make a tonal adjustment in Photoshop.
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
Because you can move in close to the subject
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment


6. Generally - how much exposure compensation (in stops) should be used when using a polarizing filter?
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
International Organization for Standardization
Contrast
1 1/3 stops


7. What color is opposite Green on the color wheel?
Add yellow
Magenta
Half as much light
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees


8. Copyright law has certain built-in exceptions that allow for special situations in using copyrighted material. They are called what?
Lasso tool
Lower
Fair Use
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.


9. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very dark scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
Reciprocal relationship
Front lighting
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.


10. What angle of view does an incident meter read?
Aperture-priority
Very wide at about 180 degrees
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
Levels adjustment


11. The relative aperture is equal to the lens focal length divided by what?
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
One stop
aperture diameter
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast


12. An incident-exposure reading for a fair-skinned subject reads f/8 - 1/125th at 100 ISO. The next subject is very dark skinned. What is the proper exposure for the second subject?

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13. Doubling the aperture setting creates how many stops difference in the amount of light reaching the sensor?
Reflected light meter
One stop
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
Glossy paper


14. What is the name of the technique used to make a monitor look like what you will see on your print?
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
Soft proofing
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background


15. Most inkjet printers intended for photographic printing include light and dark inks of all of the colors except for one. Which color ink is usually available only in one density?
Lasso tool
Blue & Green
Yellow
Total number of pixels


16. What light source has the highest color temperature?
Half as much light
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan


17. What are the effects of top lighting?
Shutter-priority
Add cyan
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.


18. A filter with a factor of 2 requires how many stops of compensation?

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19. What is the name of the issue that prevents you from seeing exactly what the lens sees when using a rangefinder camera?
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
Parallax
Yellow
Snoot


20. Stopping a lens down from f/8 to f/16 represents a X stop difference.
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
It increases
5000K
Yellow


21. What is a flag?
A change in illumination
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically


22. What image adjustment tool uses a histogram display to alter an image?
Contrast
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
Levels adjustment
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.


23. When mixed in varying proportion - the subtractive primary colors produce what?
Add blue
All colors
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.


24. What are the three main factors that affect depth of field?
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
Shutter-priority
Front lighting
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject


25. What Photoshop tool allows you to select an area of any size or shape by drawing freehand?
Add yellow
Lasso tool
8 bits
Incident light meter


26. This kind of lens has a variable focal length.
Zoom lens
A RAW file that has been altered
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view


27. The term to describe the combination of aperture and shutter speed that can be changed by moving them in opposite directions.
5 -000 Kelvin
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
Reciprocal relationship


28. What is interpolated resolution?
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
hue/saturation adjustment layer
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.


29. What two controls adjust the amount of light that reaches the sensor?
Yellow
four times more
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
Aperture and shutter


30. What do TTL systems react to?
Glossy paper
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
A new layer
A high contrast image


31. What is a thyristor?
Infinity
High Dynamic Range
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
A new layer


32. In a digital image - the images file sizes corresponds to the total number of what in the image?
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
Total number of pixels
Use and adjustment layer


33. If an image is too red - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Add cyan
8 bits
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
hue/saturation adjustment layer


34. What angle of view does a reflected light meter read?
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
Blown highlights


35. What do the bars on the left of a histogram represent?
Short lighting.
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Follow focus
Black (0)


36. How would you define exposure in mathematical terms?
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
A raster image
Dynamic range


37. Going clockwise around the color wheel - starting with RED - what is the progression of colors?
Reciprocal relationship
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
Dynamic range


38. What is a color profile?
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
No
Parallax
The amount of information contained in each pixel


39. When buying a lens hood - you should get it in what size relative to the lens?

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40. Sharpness from near to far is controlled by what?
Glossy paper
Aperture
256
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.


41. What is the CCD or CMOS sensor?

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42. What is an element and where is it found?
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
3:1 or 4:1
Short lighting
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color


43. When the additive primaries are mixed together equally - what is created?
Infrared
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)


44. To emphasize texture in a portrait - what kind of light source is recommended?
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
Small light source at an angle to the subject
A raster image
Add blue


45. This light modifier can be used to highlight a specific area of the subject.
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
Snoot
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.


46. What does a neutral density filter do?
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
The amount of information contained in each pixel
The sensor's sensitivity to light
RAID system


47. Why does a short lens create wide-angle distortion?
four times more
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
Because you can move in close to the subject


48. A histogram shows what in an image?
Blue
1/250th
Broad lighting
The brightness of all the pixels in an image


49. Can you save layers in a JPEG file format?
No
Add red
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
Broad lighting


50. According to the rule of thirds - where should the important parts of an image fall?
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
No
One stop less