Test your basic knowledge |

Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the general rule of thumb for the measurement of a 'normal' lens?
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
The difference between light and dark.

2. Panning does what?
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
Aperture
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.

3. Name 2 ways you can decrease depth of field.
Aperture-Priority
A new layer
Lower
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject

4. What is a BYTE?
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.

5. What do TTL systems react to?
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
8 stops

6. When the subtractive primaries are added together equally - what is created?
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
1 1/3 stops

7. A histogram shows what in an image?
All colors
1/250th
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
One stop

8. What is gamut?
sensor
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
Follow focus
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi

9. According to the Inverse Square Law - at a distance of 10 feet from a flash - the area illuminated receives how much more/less light than the area illuminated at 20 feet from the flash?
3200 Kelvin
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
four times more

10. The amount of motion blur in an image will increase if you do what?
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
lens-to-subject distance
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.

11. Going clockwise around the color wheel - starting with RED - what is the progression of colors?
Convex
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
emphasizes textures
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."

12. The relative aperture is equal to the lens focal length divided by what?
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
1 1/3 stops
Metadata
aperture diameter

13. A general purpose lens will provide an f-stop range of up to how many?
One stop less
Soft proofing
5 -000 Kelvin
8 stops

14. What are the three main factors that affect depth of field?
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
Infinity
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Black (0)

15. In a curves adjustment layer - what does the shape of the curve indicate?
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
3200 Kelvin
Contrast
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.

16. A histogram with peaks on either end of the histogram and a deep valley in between represents what?
A high contrast image
1/250th
256
Aperture and shutter

17. According to the rule of thirds - where should the important parts of an image fall?
Depth of field
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically

18. What kind of light will be produced when using a large white umbrella close to a subject?
Levels adjustment
1/250th
RAID system
flat - low contrast light

19. What is burning?
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
A change in illumination

20. What kind of meter is built in to most cameras?
Reflected light meter
stopped down
sRGB
Add green

21. Maximum depth of field at a given aperture is achieved by focusing at what?
ISO
Short lighting
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.

22. In a 2:1 ratio - the shadow side of the subject would meter at X stop(s) less than the highlight side.
Yellow
Lower
One stop less
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment

23. Name two ways you can increase depth of field (other than changing aperture).
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures

24. Printers use how many bits per channel of information when printing?
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
8 bits
Parallax
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)

25. Doubling the aperture setting creates how many stops difference in the amount of light reaching the sensor?
A change in illumination
In the middle
One stop
lens-to-subject distance

26. Photoshop's command for a simple way to start using color balance is what?
Variations command
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
Levels adjustment
A new layer

27. If an image is too magenta - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Blue
A mirror and pentaprism
Add green
One stop

28. If an image is too red - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
A new layer
Add blue
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
Add cyan

29. What is a Bit?
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
JPEG
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.

30. A filter with a factor of 2 requires how many stops of compensation?

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31. In short lighting - where is the main light placed?
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
Aperture-priority

32. This light modifier can be used to highlight a specific area of the subject.
flat - low contrast light
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
Snoot
The impression human vision gives

33. What is a thyristor?
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
Half as much light
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
Lower

34. 8 bits per pixel gives you how many colors?
White (255)
256
Cyan
3:1 or 4:1

35. Whenever another image is copied or moved into a file - Photoshop automatically creates what?
A mirror and pentaprism
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
A new layer

36. To produce optimal sharpness - detail - and resolution - is a higher or lower ISO setting better?
Lower
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
Add red
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject

37. Copyright law has certain built-in exceptions that allow for special situations in using copyrighted material. They are called what?
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
The amount of information contained in each pixel
256
Fair Use

38. This kind of meter is preferred by photographers working in a studio situation where lighting conditions can be altered.
Incident light meter
Yellow
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
All colors

39. What is the inverse square law?
White (255)
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
Very wide at about 180 degrees
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.

40. When mixed in varying proportion - the subtractive primary colors produce what?
Half as much light
Broad lighting
All colors
Fair Use

41. What is the usable exposure range - or range of subject brightness called?
Dynamic range
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
Follow focus
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees

42. What are IPTC fields used for?
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
sensor

43. What Photoshop tool allows you to select an area of any size or shape by drawing freehand?
Lasso tool
Flat lighting
High Dynamic Range
JPEG

44. To emphasize texture in a portrait - what kind of light source is recommended?
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
Small light source at an angle to the subject
Shutter speed & aperture
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)

45. Aperture controls what?
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
3:1 or 4:1
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)

46. How much resolution do you need for: Internet? Newspaper? Photographic print? Glossy magazine?
Yellow
Add blue
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi

47. To minimize facial wrinkles - this type of lighting is best.
5 -000 Kelvin
Yellow
Front lighting
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.

48. What is focal length - technically?
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
A new layer
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).

49. What is the optical resolution on a scanner defined as?
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
Yellow
One stop less
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees

50. How does 'unsharp mask' work?
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
ISO
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically