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Certified Professional Photographer

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Resolution refers to what?
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
Black (0)
ISO
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image

2. An image made of pixels is sometimes called what?
Aperture-Priority
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
A raster image

3. What are the three main factors that affect depth of field?
The amount of information contained in each pixel
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
Very wide at about 180 degrees

4. Most lenses are sharpest closed down to how many stops from the widest?
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
Shutter speed & aperture
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
1 or 2

5. If an image is too red - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
Add cyan
Aperture and shutter
Very wide at about 180 degrees

6. Stopping a lens down from f/8 to f/16 represents a X stop difference.
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
Broad lighting
Yellow

7. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the aperture and the camera sets the shutter speed - what mode are you working in?
stopped down
Aperture-priority
Convex
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.

8. This type of file format compresses images by discarding pixels; therefore - each time an images is compressed - it loses pixels.
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
Actual Pixel view
JPEG
Levels adjustment

9. What angle of view does a reflected light meter read?
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.
The impression human vision gives
Aperture
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees

10. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very dark scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
Magenta
The sensor's sensitivity to light
It increases

11. According to the Inverse Square Law - at a distance of 10 feet from a flash - the area illuminated receives how much more/less light than the area illuminated at 20 feet from the flash?
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
Add magenta
It increases
four times more

12. Instead of permanently altering your image when adjusting for color and value - what should you do?
Broad lighting
Use and adjustment layer
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
A RAW file that has been altered

13. What is a Bit?
All colors
sRGB
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
Yellow

14. How is brightness and contrast best controlled in Photoshop?
The impression human vision gives
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
Levels adjustment

15. What is the term used to describe human's change in perception of a color under different light sources?
High Dynamic Range
Metamerism
Aperture
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees

16. What kind of light will be produced when using a large white umbrella close to a subject?
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
flat - low contrast light
Variations command
Additive (R - G - B)

17. What is the usable exposure range - or range of subject brightness called?
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
Dynamic range
Snoot
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment

18. Printers use what set of colors?
Yellow
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
Subtractive primaries (plus black)

19. The term to describe the combination of aperture and shutter speed that can be changed by moving them in opposite directions.
Reciprocal relationship
Half as much light
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.

20. If an image is too blue - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Black (0)
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
Add yellow
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.

21. The histogram of a properly exposed grey card will show a vertical bar where on the histogram?
The sensor's sensitivity to light
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
In the middle
emphasizes textures

22. Doubling the aperture setting creates how many stops difference in the amount of light reaching the sensor?
Metamerism
5000K
One stop
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).

23. Whenever another image is copied or moved into a file - Photoshop automatically creates what?
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
International Organization for Standardization
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
A new layer

24. All objects beyond the closest distance in focus will be sharp when this appears within the DOF scale.
Blue
Infinity
Add yellow
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta

25. What does ISO stand for?
5000K
Add blue
Glossy paper
International Organization for Standardization

26. What is burning?
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
A new layer
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view

27. According to the rule of thirds - where should the important parts of an image fall?
Yellow
Depth of field
Infinity
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically

28. What is the suggested shutter speed to stop action of a child running parallel to the film plan - about 25 feet from the camera?
Short lighting.
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
Very wide at about 180 degrees
1/250th

29. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very light toned scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
Aperture-Priority
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.

30. What determines what will be a 'normal' focal length lens on a particular camera?
One stop less
Blown highlights
Add yellow
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)

31. What does "photomacrograph" or "macrophotograph" mean?
Blue & Green
sRGB
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast

32. Photoshop's command for a simple way to start using color balance is what?
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
Variations command
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
8 bits

33. A normal (or standard) focal length lens approximates what?
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
Metamerism
The impression human vision gives

34. What is an element and where is it found?
Blown highlights
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
Additive (R - G - B)

35. What is the optical resolution on a scanner defined as?
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
Add cyan

36. The rule of thirds necessitates that the composition be divided into a grid of now many equal rectangles or squares?
9
Blown highlights
Very wide at about 180 degrees
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).

37. A filter with a factor of 2 requires how many stops of compensation?

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38. An incident-exposure reading for a fair-skinned subject reads f/8 - 1/125th at 100 ISO. The next subject is very dark skinned. What is the proper exposure for the second subject?

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39. Using this kind of automatic exposure setting on the camera - you set the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture.
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Levels adjustment
Shutter-Priority

40. What angle should a polarizing filter be to the sun for best results?
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
Follow focus
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor

41. This stores electronic images captured in a digital camera until they can be transferred to a computer.
A RAW file that has been altered
Reflected light meter
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card

42. A tall vertical line on the right hand edge of a histogram indicates what?
Blown highlights
8 bits
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
Add red

43. What is a derivative file?
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
Use and adjustment layer
1/250th
A RAW file that has been altered

44. What is gamut?
International Organization for Standardization
The sensor's sensitivity to light
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
Add red

45. A general purpose lens will provide an f-stop range of up to how many?
Use and adjustment layer
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.
8 stops
Shutter speed & aperture

46. How can you change the brightness of the background when using flash?
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
The impression human vision gives

47. What does side lighting emphasize?
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
emphasizes textures
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan

48. When the additive primaries are mixed together equally - what is created?
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
The sensor's sensitivity to light
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
Bit

49. Focal length controls what?
Shutter-priority
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Infrared
Total number of pixels

50. The smallest unit of digital information is called a what?
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
Glossy paper
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
Bit

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