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Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Generally - traditional portraits use what lighting ratio?
9
The amount of information contained in each pixel
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
3:1 or 4:1

2. Copyright law has certain built-in exceptions that allow for special situations in using copyrighted material. They are called what?
5000K
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
Aperture and shutter
Fair Use

3. What is a Bit?
Add magenta
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
Soft proofing
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor

4. The quantity of light that reaches your sensor is controlled by what?
Shutter speed & aperture
Because you can move in close to the subject
Cyan
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.

5. What is the term used to describe data contained in a digital image?
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
Metadata
In the middle

6. How much resolution do you need for: Internet? Newspaper? Photographic print? Glossy magazine?
Convex
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
International Organization for Standardization
Broad lighting

7. This light modifier can be used to highlight a specific area of the subject.
Snoot
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
3200 Kelvin
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area

8. An SLR camera uses what to allow you to see exactly what you'll photograph?
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
A mirror and pentaprism
3200 Kelvin
8 bits

9. What would you use an ICC profile for?
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
Cyan
The sensor's sensitivity to light
8 bits

10. A histogram with peaks on either end of the histogram and a deep valley in between represents what?
A raster image
Broad lighting
One stop
A high contrast image

11. An incident-exposure reading for a fair-skinned subject reads f/8 - 1/125th at 100 ISO. The next subject is very dark skinned. What is the proper exposure for the second subject?

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12. What kind of lighting patter is useful to narrow a face?
Short lighting
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
Front lighting
sensor

13. A ring of thin - overlapping leaves located inside the lens is called what?
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
Blue

14. How is brightness and contrast best controlled in Photoshop?
Levels adjustment
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Butterfly lighting

15. This stores electronic images captured in a digital camera until they can be transferred to a computer.
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
Additive (R - G - B)
A change in illumination
Yellow

16. According to the rule of thirds - where should the important parts of an image fall?
Soft proofing
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
Yellow
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.

17. What is the usable exposure range - or range of subject brightness called?
Dynamic range
The sensor's sensitivity to light
Flat lighting
Yellow

18. What light source has the highest color temperature?
Short lighting
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin

19. What is the optical resolution on a scanner defined as?
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
aperture diameter
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.

20. To emphasize texture in a portrait - what kind of light source is recommended?
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
Small light source at an angle to the subject

21. A tall vertical line on the right hand edge of a histogram indicates what?
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Yellow
Blown highlights
Aperture-Priority

22. What is the name of the issue that prevents you from seeing exactly what the lens sees when using a rangefinder camera?
Add blue
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
Actual Pixel view
Parallax

23. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture - what mode are you working in?
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
Shutter-priority
Parallax

24. In short lighting - where is the main light placed?
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi

25. Name 2 ways you can decrease depth of field.
sRGB
Fisheye
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.

26. What is the inverse square law?
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
Follow focus
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.

27. To minimize facial wrinkles - this type of lighting is best.
Metamerism
Front lighting
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
9

28. What do the bars on the right of a histogram represent?
White (255)
The amount of information contained in each pixel
In the middle
Shutter-Priority

29. Why does a short lens create wide-angle distortion?
Magenta
Incident light meter
sRGB
Because you can move in close to the subject

30. What is the best color profile for web images?
Follow focus
sRGB
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
Flat lighting

31. Convex lenses cause light rays to do what?
Levels adjustment
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
Shutter-priority
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.

32. A normal (or standard) focal length lens approximates what?
Depth of field
The impression human vision gives
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.

33. Aperture controls what?
A high contrast image
Variations command
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor

34. Printers use how many bits per channel of information when printing?
A raster image
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
8 bits
Very wide at about 180 degrees

35. How does 'unsharp mask' work?
Aperture-priority
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.

36. When buying a lens hood - you should get it in what size relative to the lens?

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37. This kind of meter is preferred by photographers working in a studio situation where lighting conditions can be altered.
Incident light meter
ISO
8 stops
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.

38. The term "ISO speed" is used to describe what?

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39. What are the three main factors that affect depth of field?
Actual Pixel view
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
Shutter speed & aperture
Blue & Green

40. What do TTL systems react to?
8 bits
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi

41. What is interpolated resolution?
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
The impression human vision gives
Total number of pixels

42. What is a flag?
Flat lighting
Lasso tool
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
Convex

43. What is the CCD or CMOS sensor?

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44. What do the bars on the left of a histogram represent?
A raster image
Black (0)
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.

45. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very dark scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
The impression human vision gives
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.

46. In a digital image - the images file sizes corresponds to the total number of what in the image?
Total number of pixels
ISO
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
The amount of information contained in each pixel

47. 8 bits per pixel gives you how many colors?
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
256
One stop
Metamerism

48. What is the term used to describe a sensor's sensitivity to light?
ISO
No
Front lighting
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.

49. What angle should a polarizing filter be to the sun for best results?
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
In the middle
Short lighting
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.

50. What is burning?
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
8 stops
Aperture-Priority
Convex

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