Test your basic knowledge |

Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A normal (or standard) focal length lens approximates what?
Butterfly lighting
The impression human vision gives
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
No

2. Name 2 ways you can decrease depth of field.
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
Broad lighting

3. A color image with smooth gradiations requires at least what bit depth?
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
A new layer
Reciprocal relationship
Shutter speed & aperture

4. If you must move to reduce the amount of flash reaching your subject - how far do you move?
Lasso tool
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.

5. Photoshop's command for a simple way to start using color balance is what?
Variations command
Parallax
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.
Blown highlights

6. Blue is opposite what color on the color wheel?
Yellow
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
flat - low contrast light
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)

7. As the aperture is stopped down - what happens to sharpness?
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
Levels adjustment
Broad lighting
More of the background and foreground are sharp.

8. In the 20th century - black & white photographers used the Zone system to tame excessive contrast. Now - digital photographers use what?
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
Follow focus
High Dynamic Range
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.

9. What is the name of the issue that prevents you from seeing exactly what the lens sees when using a rangefinder camera?
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
Parallax
Fair Use

10. A tonal correction cannot be accomplished by using a...
The difference between light and dark.
Lower
hue/saturation adjustment layer
Follow focus

11. To emphasize texture in a portrait - what kind of light source is recommended?
1/250th
Short lighting
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
Small light source at an angle to the subject

12. If an image is too cyan - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
Front lighting
Add red

13. What angle should a polarizing filter be to the sun for best results?
Glossy paper
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)

14. What angle of view does a reflected light meter read?
emphasizes textures
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
8 stops

15. 8 bits per pixel gives you how many colors?
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
256
Lasso tool
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.

16. What is interpolated resolution?
High Dynamic Range
Glossy paper
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.

17. What is TTL?
Metamerism
Very wide at about 180 degrees
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
Dynamic range

18. Stopping a lens down from f/8 to f/16 represents a X stop difference.
JPEG
Use and adjustment layer
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
Blue

19. What is the term used to describe data contained in a digital image?
Metadata
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.
aperture diameter
Shutter-Priority

20. In a 2:1 ratio - the shadow side of the subject would meter at X stop(s) less than the highlight side.
lens-to-subject distance
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
One stop less

21. An image made of pixels is sometimes called what?
A raster image
Because you can move in close to the subject
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
One stop

22. Name 3 ways to make a tonal adjustment in Photoshop.
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
The sensor's sensitivity to light
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment

23. The image transmitted by the lens is recorded by the what?
Aperture-priority
sensor
Incident light meter
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)

24. To produce optimal sharpness - detail - and resolution - is a higher or lower ISO setting better?
Lower
ISO
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
Blue & Green

25. Can you save layers in a JPEG file format?
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
No
Aperture-Priority
Fisheye

26. What angle of view does an incident meter read?
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
Aperture-Priority
Very wide at about 180 degrees
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.

27. The term "ISO speed" is used to describe what?

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28. The relative aperture is equal to the lens focal length divided by what?
aperture diameter
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
Blue
hue/saturation adjustment layer

29. What is the CCD or CMOS sensor?

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30. What is the usable exposure range - or range of subject brightness called?
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
9
Dynamic range
Glossy paper

31. What is the inverse square law?
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
RAID system

32. A filter with a factor of 2 requires how many stops of compensation?

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33. To minimize facial wrinkles - this type of lighting is best.
Metadata
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
Front lighting

34. What is the suggested shutter speed to stop action of a child running parallel to the film plan - about 25 feet from the camera?
RAID system
1/250th
Butterfly lighting
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view

35. An 8x10 at 240 dpi will have a resolution of what?
The impression human vision gives
Black (0)
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)

36. Copyright law has certain built-in exceptions that allow for special situations in using copyrighted material. They are called what?
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
Fair Use
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)

37. What is the best color profile for web images?
sRGB
flat - low contrast light
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Infrared

38. What do TTL systems react to?
Variations command
No
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Aperture and shutter

39. What Photoshop tool allows you to select an area of any size or shape by drawing freehand?
lens-to-subject distance
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
Lasso tool

40. This stores electronic images captured in a digital camera until they can be transferred to a computer.
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
1 1/3 stops
High Dynamic Range
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.

41. The histogram of a properly exposed grey card will show a vertical bar where on the histogram?
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
Incident light meter
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
In the middle

42. What are quad- and hex- tone printing?
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
Actual Pixel view
Half as much light
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast

43. What is the general rule of thumb for the measurement of a 'normal' lens?
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
High Dynamic Range
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.

44. When the subtractive primaries are added together equally - what is created?
Half as much light
lens-to-subject distance
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.

45. Most inkjet printers intended for photographic printing include light and dark inks of all of the colors except for one. Which color ink is usually available only in one density?
Yellow
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
No

46. Instead of permanently altering your image when adjusting for color and value - what should you do?
Use and adjustment layer
Short lighting.
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Infrared

47. What is a color profile?
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Very wide at about 180 degrees
Reciprocal relationship
Black (0)

48. A technique used to maintain sharp focus on a subject that is moving toward you is called what?
Follow focus
Selecting portions of the image based on color
Blown highlights
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan

49. What kind of lighting patter is useful to narrow a face?
sensor
Short lighting
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)

50. What is the name of the technique used to make a monitor look like what you will see on your print?
Soft proofing
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
Infrared
All colors