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Certified Professional Photographer

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A normal (or standard) focal length lens approximates what?
The impression human vision gives
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
Magenta
Shutter speed & aperture

2. How is brightness and contrast best controlled in Photoshop?
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
The impression human vision gives
Levels adjustment
Reciprocal relationship

3. What angle should a polarizing filter be to the sun for best results?
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
One stop
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image

4. The histogram of a properly exposed grey card will show a vertical bar where on the histogram?
Aperture
In the middle
flat - low contrast light
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject

5. What is a thyristor?
Metadata
Add cyan
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
Add magenta

6. What are IPTC fields used for?
8 bits
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
8 stops
In the middle

7. What does side lighting emphasize?
Reciprocal relationship
Aperture and shutter
emphasizes textures
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.

8. What kind of lighting pattern is best for average oval faces and round faces you want to slim?
Short lighting.
Follow focus
1 1/3 stops
Lower

9. What kind of lighting pattern places the key light directly in front of and higher than the face?
No
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
Butterfly lighting

10. 8 bits per pixel gives you how many colors?
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
256
hue/saturation adjustment layer
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.

11. This stores electronic images captured in a digital camera until they can be transferred to a computer.
Half as much light
Use and adjustment layer
Add green
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card

12. The term to describe the combination of aperture and shutter speed that can be changed by moving them in opposite directions.
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Reciprocal relationship
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)

13. A 1:1 lighting ratio produces what lighting result?
Infinity
Flat lighting
flat - low contrast light
Total number of pixels

14. When the additive primaries are mixed together equally - what is created?
emphasizes textures
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
Convex
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)

15. When doing close-up work - what happens to the depth of field when the subject is closer to the lens?
Infinity
Add cyan
Depth of field
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.

16. In a 2:1 ratio - the shadow side of the subject would meter at X stop(s) less than the highlight side.
One stop less
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
Glossy paper
Contrast

17. Most modern lenses are based on this kind of lens.
A high contrast image
Convex
Yellow
Follow focus

18. What color is between Magenta and Cyan on the color wheel?
Front lighting
Short lighting
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
Blue

19. Daylight is approximately what color temperature?
Dynamic range
International Organization for Standardization
5 -000 Kelvin
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area

20. Focal length controls what?
Front lighting
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
emphasizes textures
Glossy paper

21. If an image is too magenta - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
flat - low contrast light
Add green
No

22. The area of acceptable sharpness in an image is called what?
Shutter-Priority
A high contrast image
Depth of field
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card

23. What kind of film can help reduce haze in a landscape?
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
Infrared

24. Panning does what?
Magenta
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors

25. What is the term used to describe data contained in a digital image?
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
Metadata
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
Broad lighting

26. A tonal correction cannot be accomplished by using a...
Total number of pixels
hue/saturation adjustment layer
Dynamic range
Aperture-priority

27. Convex lenses cause light rays to do what?
Blue & Green
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject

28. Aperture controls what?
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
Short lighting.
Follow focus

29. In short lighting - where is the main light placed?
Lasso tool
Front lighting
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.

30. Name 2 ways you can decrease depth of field.
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
Levels adjustment
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.

31. What angle of view does an incident meter read?
Blue
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
Very wide at about 180 degrees
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment

32. What color is opposite Green on the color wheel?
Short lighting
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
Infinity
Magenta

33. What kind of lighting patter is useful to narrow a face?
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
Short lighting
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
Blue & Green

34. What is focal length - technically?
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.

35. A ring of thin - overlapping leaves located inside the lens is called what?
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.

36. What is burning?
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
Aperture-Priority

37. What is a flag?
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
A change in illumination
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image

38. If an image is too green - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Dynamic range
High Dynamic Range
Add magenta
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card

39. What does a neutral density filter do?
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
All colors
Infinity
A high contrast image

40. If you must move to reduce the amount of flash reaching your subject - how far do you move?
8 stops
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
Lasso tool

41. Digital cameras use what set of primary colors?
Reciprocal relationship
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
Additive (R - G - B)
Very wide at about 180 degrees

42. What do the bars on the left of a histogram represent?
Add cyan
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
Black (0)
ISO

43. If an image is too cyan - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Fisheye
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
Add red

44. If an image is too blue - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Add yellow
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.

45. What are the effects of high side lighting?
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
Use and adjustment layer
A new layer
Convex

46. What color is opposite Red on the color wheel?
Cyan
Very wide at about 180 degrees
A high contrast image
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)

47. What does the term "stop" mean?
The sensor's sensitivity to light
Parallax
A change in illumination
Lasso tool

48. When mixed in varying proportion - the subtractive primary colors produce what?
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
All colors
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
Levels adjustment

49. Why is depth of field greater on a short lens versus a long lens?
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
A mirror and pentaprism
ISO
3200 Kelvin

50. What image adjustment tool uses a histogram display to alter an image?
Levels adjustment
A new layer
Shutter-Priority
Infrared

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