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Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the term used to describe data contained in a digital image?
Infrared
ISO
Blown highlights
Metadata

2. when adjusting an image with levels - if you want to make any color neutral quickly - what would you do?
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
Infrared
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree

3. Digital cameras use what set of primary colors?
Additive (R - G - B)
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
Metamerism

4. What image adjustment tool uses a histogram display to alter an image?
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
Levels adjustment

5. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the aperture and the camera sets the shutter speed - what mode are you working in?
Aperture and shutter
A high contrast image
Additive (R - G - B)
Aperture-priority

6. What angle of view does an incident meter read?
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
Very wide at about 180 degrees
1 or 2

7. What Photoshop tool allows you to select an area of any size or shape by drawing freehand?
Follow focus
Lasso tool
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
Yellow

8. A technique used to maintain sharp focus on a subject that is moving toward you is called what?
emphasizes textures
Parallax
Follow focus
Infrared

9. How does 'unsharp mask' work?
256
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)

10. What is the term used to describe a sensor's sensitivity to light?
ISO
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
Aperture and shutter
White (255)

11. A color image with smooth gradiations requires at least what bit depth?
Half as much light
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
A mirror and pentaprism
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.

12. What kind of lighting pattern places the key light directly in front of and higher than the face?
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
Fair Use
Butterfly lighting

13. All objects beyond the closest distance in focus will be sharp when this appears within the DOF scale.
It increases
No
Infinity
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.

14. When the size of the aperture is decreased - it is said to be what?
1 or 2
stopped down
5000K
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta

15. When buying a lens hood - you should get it in what size relative to the lens?

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16. What is the CCD or CMOS sensor?

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17. If an image is too yellow - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
1/250th
Add blue
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures

18. What do TTL systems react to?
Yellow
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
International Organization for Standardization

19. What is a Bit?
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
Fisheye

20. What do the bars on the left of a histogram represent?
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
Black (0)
Blown highlights
Shutter-Priority

21. Most inkjet printers intended for photographic printing include light and dark inks of all of the colors except for one. Which color ink is usually available only in one density?
Cyan
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
Yellow
Shutter-Priority

22. The amount of motion blur in an image will increase if you do what?
1 or 2
hue/saturation adjustment layer
All colors
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed

23. A general purpose lens will provide an f-stop range of up to how many?
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
8 stops
Lasso tool
Infinity

24. The area of acceptable sharpness in an image is called what?
Fisheye
1/250th
Depth of field
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)

25. Why is depth of field greater on a short lens versus a long lens?
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
Follow focus
Shutter speed & aperture
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.

26. Contrast measures what in a print?
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
The difference between light and dark.
All colors
In the middle

27. This type of file format compresses images by discarding pixels; therefore - each time an images is compressed - it loses pixels.
Depth of field
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
JPEG
Aperture-Priority

28. In a digital image - the images file sizes corresponds to the total number of what in the image?
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
Aperture-priority
Total number of pixels
Convex

29. Color systems divide all colors into which three measurements?
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
Glossy paper
Levels adjustment
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject

30. What angle of view does a reflected light meter read?
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
Shutter speed & aperture
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees

31. 8 bits per pixel gives you how many colors?
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
256
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
Follow focus

32. What is an element and where is it found?
Aperture-priority
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
5000K
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare

33. A 1:1 lighting ratio produces what lighting result?
emphasizes textures
four times more
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
Flat lighting

34. If your print will be viewed mostly under window light - what is the suggested Kelvin temperature of the lights you should use to evaluate your print?
Magenta
All colors
5000K
Use and adjustment layer

35. Name 3 ways to make a tonal adjustment in Photoshop.
The impression human vision gives
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
International Organization for Standardization

36. How is brightness and contrast best controlled in Photoshop?
Levels adjustment
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.

37. Doubling the aperture setting creates how many stops difference in the amount of light reaching the sensor?
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
One stop
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.

38. What would you use an ICC profile for?
sensor
Add yellow
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.

39. What angle should a polarizing filter be to the sun for best results?
Small light source at an angle to the subject
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)

40. The image transmitted by the lens is recorded by the what?
Because you can move in close to the subject
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
ISO
sensor

41. What is a derivative file?
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
A RAW file that has been altered

42. The relative aperture is equal to the lens focal length divided by what?
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
A new layer
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
aperture diameter

43. The quantity of light that reaches your sensor is controlled by what?
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
Shutter speed & aperture
Broad lighting
Small light source at an angle to the subject

44. A lens with a very wide angle of view and produces barrel distortion is what kind of lens?
3:1 or 4:1
Total number of pixels
RAID system
Fisheye

45. Daylight is approximately what color temperature?
5 -000 Kelvin
lens-to-subject distance
White (255)
The brightness of all the pixels in an image

46. What is the effect of front lighting?
flat - low contrast light
5 -000 Kelvin
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
White (255)

47. An image made of pixels is sometimes called what?
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
A raster image
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast

48. What does "photomacrograph" or "macrophotograph" mean?
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
Broad lighting
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.

49. What color is opposite Red on the color wheel?
Cyan
Follow focus
lens-to-subject distance
Contrast

50. An SLR camera uses what to allow you to see exactly what you'll photograph?
Lasso tool
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
A new layer
A mirror and pentaprism

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