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Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Most modern lenses are based on this kind of lens.
Convex
Zoom lens
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan

2. In a digital image - the images file sizes corresponds to the total number of what in the image?
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
Flat lighting
Incident light meter
Total number of pixels

3. Resolution refers to what?
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
Lower
Shutter-priority

4. If an image is too cyan - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Blue
Short lighting
Add red
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.

5. Why is depth of field greater on a short lens versus a long lens?
Blue
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
Add green

6. What color is between Magenta and Cyan on the color wheel?
Blue
Add red
A new layer
stopped down

7. Can you save layers in a JPEG file format?
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
No
Infinity
Broad lighting

8. The term "ISO speed" is used to describe what?

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9. What do TTL systems react to?
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
A change in illumination
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.

10. What is a thyristor?
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
Shutter-Priority
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
Black (0)

11. What is TTL?
Actual Pixel view
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
Front lighting

12. A magic wand tool is used for what?
Selecting portions of the image based on color
5 -000 Kelvin
Metamerism
Additive (R - G - B)

13. Doubling the aperture setting creates how many stops difference in the amount of light reaching the sensor?
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
3200 Kelvin
One stop
One stop less

14. What kind of film can help reduce haze in a landscape?
Add green
Aperture and shutter
Infrared
Levels adjustment

15. The rule of thirds necessitates that the composition be divided into a grid of now many equal rectangles or squares?
sensor
9
aperture diameter
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)

16. If an image is too magenta - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Add green
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
International Organization for Standardization

17. Contrast measures what in a print?
Additive (R - G - B)
Add blue
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
The difference between light and dark.

18. What kind of meter is built in to most cameras?
lens-to-subject distance
Reflected light meter
Add green
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)

19. What does side lighting emphasize?
emphasizes textures
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
Half as much light
Small light source at an angle to the subject

20. Blue is opposite what color on the color wheel?
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
Yellow
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.

21. What are quad- and hex- tone printing?
Follow focus
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.

22. To minimize facial wrinkles - this type of lighting is best.
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
Selecting portions of the image based on color
Front lighting

23. Printers use how many bits per channel of information when printing?
Variations command
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
8 bits
A RAW file that has been altered

24. Going clockwise around the color wheel - starting with RED - what is the progression of colors?
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
A raster image
Front lighting

25. What determines what will be a 'normal' focal length lens on a particular camera?
four times more
Aperture and shutter
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)

26. Most lenses are sharpest closed down to how many stops from the widest?
Add cyan
1 or 2
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view

27. Using this kind of automatic exposure setting on the camera - you set the aperture and the camera sets the shutter speed.
Shutter speed & aperture
Aperture-Priority
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
Follow focus

28. Whenever another image is copied or moved into a file - Photoshop automatically creates what?
Selecting portions of the image based on color
Blue
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
A new layer

29. The area of acceptable sharpness in an image is called what?
Depth of field
lens-to-subject distance
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
Hue - Luminance - Saturation

30. Sharpness from near to far is controlled by what?
A mirror and pentaprism
A high contrast image
Zoom lens
Aperture

31. What angle of view does an incident meter read?
Very wide at about 180 degrees
Add red
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.
Butterfly lighting

32. What are the effects of high side lighting?
Actual Pixel view
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
Glossy paper
White (255)

33. Digital cameras use what set of primary colors?
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
9
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
Additive (R - G - B)

34. The term to describe the combination of aperture and shutter speed that can be changed by moving them in opposite directions.
Very wide at about 180 degrees
Reciprocal relationship
Fisheye
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.

35. What is a derivative file?
A RAW file that has been altered
hue/saturation adjustment layer
1 1/3 stops
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.

36. A tall vertical line on the right hand edge of a histogram indicates what?
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
Blown highlights

37. What is a color profile?
Reciprocal relationship
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.

38. What two controls adjust the amount of light that reaches the sensor?
Aperture and shutter
ISO
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
Short lighting

39. In the 20th century - black & white photographers used the Zone system to tame excessive contrast. Now - digital photographers use what?
Snoot
High Dynamic Range
In the middle
Add blue

40. What angle should a polarizing filter be to the sun for best results?
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
Blue
8 stops
It increases

41. Perspective is affected by what?
ISO
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
lens-to-subject distance
Convex

42. What is the usable exposure range - or range of subject brightness called?
Incident light meter
Levels adjustment
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
Dynamic range

43. What do the bars on the left of a histogram represent?
A high contrast image
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
Black (0)
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).

44. In a 2:1 ratio - the shadow side of the subject would meter at X stop(s) less than the highlight side.
Blown highlights
All colors
Dynamic range
One stop less

45. This viewing option gives you the most accurate version of your image in Photoshop.
Yellow
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
Actual Pixel view

46. What is dodging?
Add yellow
RAID system
stopped down
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area

47. A filter with a factor of 2 requires how many stops of compensation?

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48. When the additive primaries are mixed together equally - what is created?
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
It increases
1 1/3 stops
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.

49. What is interpolated resolution?
Follow focus
Infrared
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
A raster image

50. Name two ways you can increase depth of field (other than changing aperture).
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
Blown highlights
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."

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