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Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. This viewing option gives you the most accurate version of your image in Photoshop.
Soft proofing
Actual Pixel view
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
Front lighting

2. The useable exposure range of a sensor - or the range of subject brightness is called what?
Because you can move in close to the subject
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
White (255)

3. The greatest tonal range from black to white is achievable on what kind of paper?
Follow focus
Soft proofing
Glossy paper
A raster image

4. Aperture controls what?
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Add cyan
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
International Organization for Standardization

5. What is a color profile?
Black (0)
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Shutter speed & aperture
Depth of field

6. What is the effect of front lighting?
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
Metamerism

7. What are quad- and hex- tone printing?
Flat lighting
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.

8. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very light toned scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
Cyan
1 or 2
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
A raster image

9. Using this kind of automatic exposure setting on the camera - you set the aperture and the camera sets the shutter speed.
Short lighting
Front lighting
Aperture-Priority
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.

10. Name 3 ways to make a tonal adjustment in Photoshop.
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
Shutter-priority
Add blue

11. when adjusting an image with levels - if you want to make any color neutral quickly - what would you do?
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
Shutter-Priority
Blown highlights
Cyan

12. What do TTL systems react to?
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Selecting portions of the image based on color
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
Broad lighting

13. What is the term used to describe a sensor's sensitivity to light?
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
A change in illumination
ISO
Add blue

14. The quantity of light that reaches your sensor is controlled by what?
8 stops
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
Shutter speed & aperture

15. Contrast measures what in a print?
sRGB
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
The difference between light and dark.

16. What kind of meter is built in to most cameras?
Cyan
Reflected light meter
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed

17. What color is opposite Green on the color wheel?
Magenta
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
Zoom lens
Incident light meter

18. What does the term "stop" mean?
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
3200 Kelvin
ISO
A change in illumination

19. Tungsten is approximately what color temperature?
Soft proofing
3200 Kelvin
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
aperture diameter

20. A filter with a factor of 2 requires how many stops of compensation?

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21. Instead of permanently altering your image when adjusting for color and value - what should you do?
Use and adjustment layer
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin

22. An incident-exposure reading for a fair-skinned subject reads f/8 - 1/125th at 100 ISO. The next subject is very dark skinned. What is the proper exposure for the second subject?

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23. What is a BYTE?
Aperture-Priority
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
Fair Use

24. To minimize facial wrinkles - this type of lighting is best.
Shutter-Priority
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
Front lighting
Bit

25. A lens with a very wide angle of view and produces barrel distortion is what kind of lens?
Fisheye
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
Bit
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.

26. A magic wand tool is used for what?
Selecting portions of the image based on color
hue/saturation adjustment layer
In the middle
White (255)

27. An SLR camera uses what to allow you to see exactly what you'll photograph?
A mirror and pentaprism
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment

28. What kind of light will be produced when using a large white umbrella close to a subject?
One stop less
Snoot
flat - low contrast light
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.

29. A tonal correction cannot be accomplished by using a...
3200 Kelvin
hue/saturation adjustment layer
High Dynamic Range
Levels adjustment

30. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the aperture and the camera sets the shutter speed - what mode are you working in?
Shutter-priority
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
Aperture-priority
The amount of information contained in each pixel

31. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very dark scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
Parallax

32. This kind of meter is preferred by photographers working in a studio situation where lighting conditions can be altered.
Incident light meter
Bit
1 1/3 stops
Shutter-Priority

33. How would you define exposure in mathematical terms?
Shutter-priority
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
The difference between light and dark.
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)

34. When the size of the aperture is decreased - it is said to be what?
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
Actual Pixel view
stopped down

35. A color image with smooth gradiations requires at least what bit depth?
Add green
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
Levels adjustment

36. Printers use what set of colors?
emphasizes textures
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.

37. This technique allows you to keep a subject that is moving toward you well focused.
Follow focus
Additive (R - G - B)
Total number of pixels
Add green

38. Focal length controls what?
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
8 stops
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.

39. The term "ISO speed" is used to describe what?

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40. What kind of lighting pattern is useful to widen a subject?
ISO
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
Broad lighting
Subtractive primaries (plus black)

41. What is the optical resolution on a scanner defined as?
A raster image
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
One stop

42. If your print will be viewed mostly under window light - what is the suggested Kelvin temperature of the lights you should use to evaluate your print?
5000K
Metadata
Reflected light meter
Parallax

43. Why is depth of field greater on a short lens versus a long lens?
One stop
Blue
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.

44. What angle should a polarizing filter be to the sun for best results?
Add cyan
One stop
Convex
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.

45. Blue is opposite what color on the color wheel?
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
Incident light meter
Yellow

46. A general purpose lens will provide an f-stop range of up to how many?
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
8 stops
Front lighting

47. What color is opposite Red on the color wheel?
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
Cyan
Add yellow
Front lighting

48. A lens set at f/4 admits how much more/less light than one set at f/2.8?
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
Yellow
Half as much light
Add yellow

49. The term to describe the combination of aperture and shutter speed that can be changed by moving them in opposite directions.
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
Shutter speed & aperture
Incident light meter
Reciprocal relationship

50. The rule of thirds necessitates that the composition be divided into a grid of now many equal rectangles or squares?
1/250th
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
9
Glossy paper

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