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Certified Professional Photographer

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Most inkjet printers intended for photographic printing include light and dark inks of all of the colors except for one. Which color ink is usually available only in one density?
Metamerism
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
Yellow
1/250th

2. A general purpose lens will provide an f-stop range of up to how many?
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
International Organization for Standardization
8 stops
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor

3. What is the general rule of thumb for the measurement of a 'normal' lens?
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
Metadata
Convex
emphasizes textures

4. In short lighting - where is the main light placed?
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
Flat lighting
Add cyan

5. What kind of lighting patter is useful to narrow a face?
Short lighting
Half as much light
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
1 1/3 stops

6. When the subtractive primaries are added together equally - what is created?
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Hue - Luminance - Saturation

7. A histogram shows what in an image?
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
In the middle
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
The brightness of all the pixels in an image

8. If an image is too red - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
All colors
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
Add cyan
Bit

9. Perspective is affected by what?
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
Convex
lens-to-subject distance
3200 Kelvin

10. Name 2 ways you can decrease depth of field.
256
Dynamic range
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
A RAW file that has been altered

11. What is focal length - technically?
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
Actual Pixel view
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
sRGB

12. What is dodging?
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
Add cyan
Bit
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically

13. Why is depth of field greater on a short lens versus a long lens?
Yellow
Add yellow
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
Follow focus

14. What do the bars on the right of a histogram represent?
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
White (255)
Fair Use
No

15. What is a BYTE?
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
Infrared
Front lighting
All colors

16. This light modifier can be used to highlight a specific area of the subject.
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
Snoot
Total number of pixels
The brightness of all the pixels in an image

17. How would you define exposure in mathematical terms?
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
Short lighting
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
Aperture and shutter

18. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very light toned scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
Bit
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.

19. Focal length controls what?
Metamerism
Add magenta
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Yellow

20. Why does a short lens create wide-angle distortion?
Because you can move in close to the subject
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
In the middle
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker

21. A color image with smooth gradiations requires at least what bit depth?
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.

22. What is an element and where is it found?
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
four times more
Front lighting

23. What is the name of the technique used to make a monitor look like what you will see on your print?
four times more
Soft proofing
High Dynamic Range
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.

24. What image adjustment tool uses a histogram display to alter an image?
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
Lower
Levels adjustment
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.

25. What is the term used to describe data contained in a digital image?
Yellow
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
In the middle
Metadata

26. The relative aperture is equal to the lens focal length divided by what?
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
Add magenta
aperture diameter
A change in illumination

27. What is a flag?
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
All colors
Convex

28. What kind of lighting pattern is best for average oval faces and round faces you want to slim?
Short lighting.
Parallax
Total number of pixels
Soft proofing

29. As the aperture becomes smaller - what happens to the depth of field?
Aperture
Reciprocal relationship
It increases
Actual Pixel view

30. What is the best color profile for web images?
sRGB
Yellow
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.

31. What kind of meter is built in to most cameras?
A mirror and pentaprism
1 1/3 stops
lens-to-subject distance
Reflected light meter

32. A lens set at f/4 admits how much more/less light than one set at f/2.8?
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
White (255)
One stop
Half as much light

33. What light source has the highest color temperature?
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor

34. The term to describe the combination of aperture and shutter speed that can be changed by moving them in opposite directions.
High Dynamic Range
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
Reciprocal relationship
5000K

35. What are luminance and illuminance?
A new layer
Add magenta
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
Fisheye

36. An 8x10 at 240 dpi will have a resolution of what?
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
Shutter-priority
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
Aperture-Priority

37. What are the three main factors that affect depth of field?
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures

38. The quantity of light that reaches your sensor is controlled by what?
Shutter speed & aperture
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
1/250th
8 bits

39. What are the effects of high side lighting?
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
sRGB

40. What kind of lighting pattern is useful to widen a subject?
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
Broad lighting
Incident light meter
Aperture-Priority

41. Instead of permanently altering your image when adjusting for color and value - what should you do?
Use and adjustment layer
Dynamic range
No
Zoom lens

42. Name 3 ways to make a tonal adjustment in Photoshop.
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
All colors
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.

43. Most lenses are sharpest closed down to how many stops from the widest?
Contrast
8 bits
1 or 2
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.

44. Most modern lenses are based on this kind of lens.
Convex
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
Glossy paper
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)

45. What angle of view does a reflected light meter read?
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
256
Half as much light

46. Daylight is approximately what color temperature?
5 -000 Kelvin
Soft proofing
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
A high contrast image

47. A ring of thin - overlapping leaves located inside the lens is called what?
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
Add magenta
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed

48. What angle of view does an incident meter read?
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
The amount of information contained in each pixel
Add red
Very wide at about 180 degrees

49. This kind of meter is preferred by photographers working in a studio situation where lighting conditions can be altered.
Incident light meter
flat - low contrast light
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
Add blue

50. What kind of film can help reduce haze in a landscape?
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
Infrared
stopped down
Depth of field

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