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Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A histogram with peaks on either end of the histogram and a deep valley in between represents what?
Add magenta
A high contrast image
8 stops
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color

2. A technique used to maintain sharp focus on a subject that is moving toward you is called what?
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
Follow focus
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare

3. Printers use how many bits per channel of information when printing?
Broad lighting
The amount of information contained in each pixel
8 bits
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.

4. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture - what mode are you working in?
Add blue
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
Use and adjustment layer
Shutter-priority

5. What kind of film can help reduce haze in a landscape?
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
Infrared
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
Aperture-Priority

6. When the subtractive primaries are added together equally - what is created?
Small light source at an angle to the subject
Reciprocal relationship
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan

7. What color is between Magenta and Cyan on the color wheel?
Blue
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
Fair Use
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.

8. When the size of the aperture is decreased - it is said to be what?
Infrared
Follow focus
stopped down
sRGB

9. What does ISO stand for?
International Organization for Standardization
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.

10. What is gamut?
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
aperture diameter
Variations command

11. Bit depth refers to what?
All colors
3200 Kelvin
The amount of information contained in each pixel
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject

12. The histogram of a properly exposed grey card will show a vertical bar where on the histogram?
In the middle
5000K
Levels adjustment
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.

13. What angle should a polarizing filter be to the sun for best results?
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
Blue
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.

14. What are quad- and hex- tone printing?
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
One stop
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.

15. What does the term "stop" mean?
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
A change in illumination
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment

16. What kind of lighting pattern is useful to widen a subject?
Broad lighting
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
Black (0)
Blown highlights

17. What are the effects of top lighting?
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
Additive (R - G - B)
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
JPEG

18. Color systems divide all colors into which three measurements?
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
Actual Pixel view

19. A magic wand tool is used for what?
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
Selecting portions of the image based on color
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
Broad lighting

20. The image transmitted by the lens is recorded by the what?
Reciprocal relationship
Additive (R - G - B)
9
sensor

21. In a digital image - the images file sizes corresponds to the total number of what in the image?
Total number of pixels
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
ISO
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.

22. How much resolution do you need for: Internet? Newspaper? Photographic print? Glossy magazine?
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
In the middle
A mirror and pentaprism
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees

23. What is the suggested shutter speed to stop action of a child running parallel to the film plan - about 25 feet from the camera?
1/250th
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
All colors
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.

24. What is a BYTE?
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.

25. Using this kind of automatic exposure setting on the camera - you set the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture.
Black (0)
Shutter-Priority
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
Glossy paper

26. If an image is too yellow - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
Shutter-priority
Add blue

27. Focal length controls what?
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
Zoom lens
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view

28. What is a color profile?
Lower
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
One stop

29. The amount of motion blur in an image will increase if you do what?
A change in illumination
High Dynamic Range
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.

30. The relative aperture is equal to the lens focal length divided by what?
aperture diameter
Half as much light
The difference between light and dark.
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.

31. What do TTL systems react to?
aperture diameter
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Parallax
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.

32. What is a derivative file?
All colors
5 -000 Kelvin
A RAW file that has been altered
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker

33. What is TTL?
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
A mirror and pentaprism
3200 Kelvin
International Organization for Standardization

34. A tonal correction cannot be accomplished by using a...
hue/saturation adjustment layer
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
emphasizes textures
The brightness of all the pixels in an image

35. Most lenses are sharpest closed down to how many stops from the widest?
5 -000 Kelvin
Aperture
Short lighting.
1 or 2

36. Generally - how much exposure compensation (in stops) should be used when using a polarizing filter?
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
1 1/3 stops
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
A new layer

37. How would you define exposure in mathematical terms?
Bit
ISO
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
Selecting portions of the image based on color

38. The term to describe the combination of aperture and shutter speed that can be changed by moving them in opposite directions.
Levels adjustment
International Organization for Standardization
Reciprocal relationship
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically

39. What are the effects of high side lighting?
Butterfly lighting
The difference between light and dark.
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.

40. Cyan is composed of equal parts of what two colors?
Flat lighting
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
Blue & Green
8 bits

41. The term "ISO speed" is used to describe what?

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42. Aperture controls what?
JPEG
Yellow
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor

43. Name two ways you can increase depth of field (other than changing aperture).
Soft proofing
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
emphasizes textures
Add yellow

44. This light modifier can be used to highlight a specific area of the subject.
Snoot
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
Short lighting.

45. The area of acceptable sharpness in an image is called what?
Depth of field
Shutter-Priority
ISO
Blue & Green

46. A color image with smooth gradiations requires at least what bit depth?
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
Parallax
White (255)

47. This viewing option gives you the most accurate version of your image in Photoshop.
Actual Pixel view
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
stopped down
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card

48. A lens set at f/4 admits how much more/less light than one set at f/2.8?
5000K
Convex
Half as much light
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject

49. Going clockwise around the color wheel - starting with RED - what is the progression of colors?
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
A mirror and pentaprism
aperture diameter
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta

50. All objects beyond the closest distance in focus will be sharp when this appears within the DOF scale.
Metadata
Infinity
Lower
The amount of information contained in each pixel

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