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Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What do the bars on the right of a histogram represent?
A new layer
Add red
sensor
White (255)

2. This kind of lens has a variable focal length.
The difference between light and dark.
Flat lighting
Zoom lens
lens-to-subject distance

3. Name two ways you can increase depth of field (other than changing aperture).
Fair Use
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject

4. Resolution refers to what?
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
In the middle
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image

5. Printers use how many bits per channel of information when printing?
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
3200 Kelvin
8 bits
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor

6. What image adjustment tool uses a histogram display to alter an image?
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
Very wide at about 180 degrees
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
Levels adjustment

7. What kind of light will be produced when using a large white umbrella close to a subject?
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.
RAID system
flat - low contrast light
Variations command

8. This viewing option gives you the most accurate version of your image in Photoshop.
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
A mirror and pentaprism
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
Actual Pixel view

9. What do TTL systems react to?
RAID system
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Follow focus
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.

10. What is gamut?
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
The difference between light and dark.

11. Focal length controls what?
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Front lighting
Add yellow

12. What are luminance and illuminance?
Fair Use
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
Lasso tool
Blown highlights

13. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very light toned scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
A high contrast image
The sensor's sensitivity to light
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.

14. In a curves adjustment layer - what does the shape of the curve indicate?
Reciprocal relationship
Contrast
8 stops
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.

15. Generally - traditional portraits use what lighting ratio?
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
Small light source at an angle to the subject
Dynamic range
3:1 or 4:1

16. What is the inverse square law?
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
ISO

17. Aperture controls what?
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
lens-to-subject distance
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)

18. What do the bars on the left of a histogram represent?
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
Front lighting
Black (0)

19. The term "ISO speed" is used to describe what?

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20. To produce optimal sharpness - detail - and resolution - is a higher or lower ISO setting better?
Lower
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.

21. What is the general rule of thumb for the measurement of a 'normal' lens?
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
A change in illumination

22. Sharpness from near to far is controlled by what?
Lower
Aperture
International Organization for Standardization
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color

23. What kind of lighting pattern is useful to widen a subject?
Broad lighting
Depth of field
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
Reflected light meter

24. If your print will be viewed mostly under window light - what is the suggested Kelvin temperature of the lights you should use to evaluate your print?
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
5000K
Add cyan
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor

25. Most inkjet printers intended for photographic printing include light and dark inks of all of the colors except for one. Which color ink is usually available only in one density?
Yellow
ISO
Fair Use
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)

26. What are the effects of high side lighting?
The impression human vision gives
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
3:1 or 4:1

27. Most modern lenses are based on this kind of lens.
JPEG
Convex
5 -000 Kelvin
All colors

28. How can you change the brightness of the background when using flash?
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
It increases
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.

29. An image made of pixels is sometimes called what?
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
A raster image
Aperture-priority
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)

30. A magic wand tool is used for what?
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
8 bits
Yellow
Selecting portions of the image based on color

31. What color is opposite Red on the color wheel?
Blue & Green
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
Cyan
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)

32. Blue is opposite what color on the color wheel?
Yellow
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
Add magenta
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.

33. A normal (or standard) focal length lens approximates what?
The impression human vision gives
sRGB
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
5000K

34. What is a flag?
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
Contrast
Shutter-priority
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare

35. If an image is too red - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
Aperture-Priority
One stop less
Add cyan

36. The relative aperture is equal to the lens focal length divided by what?
Reflected light meter
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
aperture diameter
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures

37. What is the best color profile for web images?
White (255)
Bit
sRGB
Infrared

38. What is the term used to describe a sensor's sensitivity to light?
Reflected light meter
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
ISO
Additive (R - G - B)

39. If an image is too blue - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
four times more
Add yellow
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.

40. What is the effect of front lighting?
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
Additive (R - G - B)
Lasso tool
lens-to-subject distance

41. In short lighting - where is the main light placed?
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
Variations command
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta

42. Bit depth refers to what?
aperture diameter
The amount of information contained in each pixel
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.

43. The image transmitted by the lens is recorded by the what?
Selecting portions of the image based on color
A raster image
hue/saturation adjustment layer
sensor

44. Digital cameras use what set of primary colors?
Additive (R - G - B)
The amount of information contained in each pixel
Selecting portions of the image based on color
Add green

45. A tonal correction cannot be accomplished by using a...
hue/saturation adjustment layer
5 -000 Kelvin
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.

46. A 1:1 lighting ratio produces what lighting result?
lens-to-subject distance
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
Flat lighting

47. What color is between Magenta and Cyan on the color wheel?
Blue
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Metamerism

48. What angle should a polarizing filter be to the sun for best results?
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
5000K
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.

49. What is the suggested shutter speed to stop action of a child running parallel to the film plan - about 25 feet from the camera?
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
ISO
Selecting portions of the image based on color
1/250th

50. If an image is too yellow - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Add blue
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.

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