Test your basic knowledge |

Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How much resolution do you need for: Internet? Newspaper? Photographic print? Glossy magazine?
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.

2. Contrast measures what in a print?
Dynamic range
Shutter speed & aperture
Soft proofing
The difference between light and dark.

3. The useable exposure range of a sensor - or the range of subject brightness is called what?
It increases
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
emphasizes textures

4. This kind of lens has a variable focal length.
Zoom lens
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
Aperture-Priority

5. What are the three main factors that affect depth of field?
A mirror and pentaprism
Contrast
The impression human vision gives
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject

6. A general purpose lens will provide an f-stop range of up to how many?
Snoot
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
8 stops

7. A color image with smooth gradiations requires at least what bit depth?
Fisheye
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
Shutter-Priority
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject

8. Stopping a lens down from f/8 to f/16 represents a X stop difference.
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
One stop
In the middle
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.

9. What light source has the highest color temperature?
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.

10. Color systems divide all colors into which three measurements?
sensor
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.

11. What is the optical resolution on a scanner defined as?
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.
A new layer
It increases
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)

12. An 8x10 at 240 dpi will have a resolution of what?
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
Because you can move in close to the subject
Lower
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)

13. What color is opposite Green on the color wheel?
RAID system
Magenta
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin

14. Most inkjet printers intended for photographic printing include light and dark inks of all of the colors except for one. Which color ink is usually available only in one density?
Yellow
1/250th
RAID system
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi

15. When buying a lens hood - you should get it in what size relative to the lens?

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16. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture - what mode are you working in?
Shutter-priority
Flat lighting
Snoot
Follow focus

17. In short lighting - where is the main light placed?
It increases
Aperture-Priority
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree

18. What is a Bit?
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
5000K
The amount of information contained in each pixel
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.

19. 8 bits per pixel gives you how many colors?
hue/saturation adjustment layer
256
Add magenta
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker

20. This stores electronic images captured in a digital camera until they can be transferred to a computer.
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
Dynamic range
Reciprocal relationship

21. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the aperture and the camera sets the shutter speed - what mode are you working in?
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
aperture diameter
Aperture-priority

22. An incident-exposure reading for a fair-skinned subject reads f/8 - 1/125th at 100 ISO. The next subject is very dark skinned. What is the proper exposure for the second subject?

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23. Printers use what set of colors?
Blown highlights
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
Yellow

24. Tungsten is approximately what color temperature?
5000K
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
The difference between light and dark.
3200 Kelvin

25. What does the term "stop" mean?
Add cyan
9
A change in illumination
Bit

26. How would you define exposure in mathematical terms?
8 stops
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
Small light source at an angle to the subject
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)

27. What color is opposite Red on the color wheel?
Total number of pixels
A raster image
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
Cyan

28. What is the CCD or CMOS sensor?

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29. The term to describe the combination of aperture and shutter speed that can be changed by moving them in opposite directions.
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
Reciprocal relationship
Infinity
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."

30. What determines what will be a 'normal' focal length lens on a particular camera?
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
5000K
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors

31. In the 20th century - black & white photographers used the Zone system to tame excessive contrast. Now - digital photographers use what?
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
High Dynamic Range
lens-to-subject distance
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed

32. The smallest unit of digital information is called a what?
Bit
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
Hue - Luminance - Saturation

33. What is a derivative file?
A RAW file that has been altered
1 or 2
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
Aperture and shutter

34. As the aperture is stopped down - what happens to sharpness?
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
In the middle
High Dynamic Range

35. The area of acceptable sharpness in an image is called what?
sensor
Contrast
Infinity
Depth of field

36. Digital cameras use what set of primary colors?
Fisheye
Blue
Additive (R - G - B)
High Dynamic Range

37. When the additive primaries are mixed together equally - what is created?
Follow focus
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
The impression human vision gives
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)

38. What does ISO stand for?
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
International Organization for Standardization
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
A high contrast image

39. What are quad- and hex- tone printing?
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
Levels adjustment
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
More of the background and foreground are sharp.

40. If an image is too cyan - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Magenta
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
Add red
Add cyan

41. Daylight is approximately what color temperature?
5 -000 Kelvin
RAID system
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
No

42. What is dodging?
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.

43. Generally - traditional portraits use what lighting ratio?
3:1 or 4:1
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
Add blue

44. What does side lighting emphasize?
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
emphasizes textures
The sensor's sensitivity to light
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.

45. What is the name of the technique used to make a monitor look like what you will see on your print?
Incident light meter
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
Soft proofing
The impression human vision gives

46. Most modern lenses are based on this kind of lens.
Convex
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
Snoot
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor

47. Name 3 ways to make a tonal adjustment in Photoshop.
Add blue
Short lighting.
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment

48. If an image is too green - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
Add magenta
Fisheye
Add cyan

49. Maximum depth of field at a given aperture is achieved by focusing at what?
Zoom lens
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
Broad lighting
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.

50. What is gamut?
Aperture and shutter
ISO
Yellow
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.