Test your basic knowledge |

Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. When the subtractive primaries are added together equally - what is created?
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
No
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
Snoot

2. Convex lenses cause light rays to do what?
9
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
3:1 or 4:1

3. What is the term used to describe a sensor's sensitivity to light?
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
ISO
Add magenta
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.

4. What are the effects of high side lighting?
9
sRGB
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.

5. How much resolution do you need for: Internet? Newspaper? Photographic print? Glossy magazine?
Add red
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
Small light source at an angle to the subject

6. What would you use an ICC profile for?
emphasizes textures
Lasso tool
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.

7. What determines what will be a 'normal' focal length lens on a particular camera?
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
Butterfly lighting
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image

8. A tall vertical line on the right hand edge of a histogram indicates what?
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Blown highlights
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
Metadata

9. A ring of thin - overlapping leaves located inside the lens is called what?
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
Soft proofing
The impression human vision gives

10. What is the suggested shutter speed to stop action of a child running parallel to the film plan - about 25 feet from the camera?
1/250th
256
Snoot
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.

11. Color systems divide all colors into which three measurements?
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
5000K
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
Follow focus

12. A color image with smooth gradiations requires at least what bit depth?
Reciprocal relationship
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors

13. The useable exposure range of a sensor - or the range of subject brightness is called what?
1 or 2
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
Very wide at about 180 degrees
Small light source at an angle to the subject

14. If your print will be viewed mostly under window light - what is the suggested Kelvin temperature of the lights you should use to evaluate your print?
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
Shutter-Priority
5000K
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.

15. What light source has the highest color temperature?
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
Magenta
No
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin

16. Generally - traditional portraits use what lighting ratio?
3:1 or 4:1
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
lens-to-subject distance
256

17. The amount of motion blur in an image will increase if you do what?
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
Reciprocal relationship
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor

18. A lens with a very wide angle of view and produces barrel distortion is what kind of lens?
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Fisheye
flat - low contrast light
Additive (R - G - B)

19. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the aperture and the camera sets the shutter speed - what mode are you working in?
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
Total number of pixels
sRGB
Aperture-priority

20. A general purpose lens will provide an f-stop range of up to how many?
A raster image
hue/saturation adjustment layer
Add red
8 stops

21. What are the effects of top lighting?
Reflected light meter
A raster image
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.

22. A histogram with peaks on either end of the histogram and a deep valley in between represents what?
A high contrast image
Zoom lens
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
The brightness of all the pixels in an image

23. What angle should a polarizing filter be to the sun for best results?
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
A change in illumination
Reflected light meter
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.

24. Photoshop's command for a simple way to start using color balance is what?
stopped down
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
Variations command
Shutter-priority

25. What do the bars on the left of a histogram represent?
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
Aperture and shutter
Black (0)
Add cyan

26. The smallest unit of digital information is called a what?
One stop less
Bit
Front lighting
Snoot

27. This type of file format compresses images by discarding pixels; therefore - each time an images is compressed - it loses pixels.
JPEG
8 bits
ISO
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.

28. What is the effect of front lighting?
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
A raster image
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures

29. Instead of permanently altering your image when adjusting for color and value - what should you do?
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
Zoom lens
Use and adjustment layer

30. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture - what mode are you working in?
Infrared
Shutter-priority
Magenta
Total number of pixels

31. What is a flag?
four times more
Snoot
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
sRGB

32. What is TTL?
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
International Organization for Standardization
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
Parallax

33. What is the inverse square law?
Total number of pixels
Depth of field
Half as much light
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.

34. A histogram shows what in an image?
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
emphasizes textures
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.

35. How would you define exposure in mathematical terms?
White (255)
Broad lighting
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
The sensor's sensitivity to light

36. Why is depth of field greater on a short lens versus a long lens?
sensor
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
Depth of field
Variations command

37. This stores electronic images captured in a digital camera until they can be transferred to a computer.
hue/saturation adjustment layer
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card

38. A filter with a factor of 2 requires how many stops of compensation?

39. The relative aperture is equal to the lens focal length divided by what?
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
aperture diameter

40. The area of acceptable sharpness in an image is called what?
ISO
Depth of field
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically

41. This kind of lens has a variable focal length.
Zoom lens
Contrast
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.

42. How is brightness and contrast best controlled in Photoshop?
Magenta
International Organization for Standardization
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
Levels adjustment

43. Name 3 ways to make a tonal adjustment in Photoshop.
Blue
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
Short lighting
White (255)

44. What is a derivative file?
Reciprocal relationship
Flat lighting
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
A RAW file that has been altered

45. When mixed in varying proportion - the subtractive primary colors produce what?
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
1 or 2
All colors

46. When the additive primaries are mixed together equally - what is created?
3:1 or 4:1
Yellow
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)

47. Stopping a lens down from f/8 to f/16 represents a X stop difference.
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
1/250th
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
Dynamic range

48. A lens set at f/4 admits how much more/less light than one set at f/2.8?
Lower
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
Half as much light
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.

49. Cyan is composed of equal parts of what two colors?
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
Glossy paper
Blue & Green
Zoom lens

50. An SLR camera uses what to allow you to see exactly what you'll photograph?
A mirror and pentaprism
emphasizes textures
Add magenta
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).