Test your basic knowledge |

Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is interpolated resolution?
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
RAID system
Shutter speed & aperture
Very wide at about 180 degrees

2. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very dark scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
Fisheye
5000K
Follow focus
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.

3. Contrast measures what in a print?
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
RAID system
The difference between light and dark.
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image

4. What is the term used to describe data contained in a digital image?
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
Metadata
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor

5. Instead of permanently altering your image when adjusting for color and value - what should you do?
Cyan
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
Metadata
Use and adjustment layer

6. This technique allows you to keep a subject that is moving toward you well focused.
Aperture
Flat lighting
Follow focus
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically

7. What are the effects of top lighting?
Blue
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).

8. A 1:1 lighting ratio produces what lighting result?
Add red
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Flat lighting

9. What are IPTC fields used for?
Convex
Aperture-priority
Add red
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.

10. What does a neutral density filter do?
Parallax
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view

11. This type of file format compresses images by discarding pixels; therefore - each time an images is compressed - it loses pixels.
JPEG
Aperture and shutter
White (255)
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card

12. An SLR camera uses what to allow you to see exactly what you'll photograph?
A mirror and pentaprism
All colors
Add green
Additive (R - G - B)

13. The image transmitted by the lens is recorded by the what?
sensor
Incident light meter
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
A change in illumination

14. To produce optimal sharpness - detail - and resolution - is a higher or lower ISO setting better?
Shutter-Priority
Additive (R - G - B)
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
Lower

15. Whenever another image is copied or moved into a file - Photoshop automatically creates what?
A new layer
Add yellow
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.

16. Stopping a lens down from f/8 to f/16 represents a X stop difference.
A mirror and pentaprism
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
Aperture
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor

17. An image made of pixels is sometimes called what?
Add magenta
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
Contrast
A raster image

18. When mixed in varying proportion - the subtractive primary colors produce what?
Add cyan
All colors
Levels adjustment
3:1 or 4:1

19. What is a derivative file?
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
A RAW file that has been altered
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
5000K

20. Most modern lenses are based on this kind of lens.
Use and adjustment layer
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
Blue
Convex

21. A color image with smooth gradiations requires at least what bit depth?
Half as much light
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors

22. What are luminance and illuminance?
Add red
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)

23. What is the name of the technique used to make a monitor look like what you will see on your print?
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
Soft proofing
1 1/3 stops
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.

24. How would you define exposure in mathematical terms?
The sensor's sensitivity to light
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
Butterfly lighting

25. Daylight is approximately what color temperature?
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
5 -000 Kelvin
Additive (R - G - B)
Glossy paper

26. What kind of meter is built in to most cameras?
A raster image
JPEG
Reflected light meter
256

27. Blue is opposite what color on the color wheel?
Yellow
In the middle
Selecting portions of the image based on color
9

28. All objects beyond the closest distance in focus will be sharp when this appears within the DOF scale.
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
Because you can move in close to the subject
Glossy paper
Infinity

29. 8 bits per pixel gives you how many colors?
256
Magenta
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor

30. The term "ISO speed" is used to describe what?

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31. In the 20th century - black & white photographers used the Zone system to tame excessive contrast. Now - digital photographers use what?
All colors
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
High Dynamic Range
Small light source at an angle to the subject

32. Resolution refers to what?
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
Metadata

33. What is the CCD or CMOS sensor?

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34. What do the bars on the left of a histogram represent?
Half as much light
Short lighting.
Black (0)
The sensor's sensitivity to light

35. What is an element and where is it found?
A mirror and pentaprism
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor

36. As the aperture is stopped down - what happens to sharpness?
Follow focus
ISO
1 1/3 stops
More of the background and foreground are sharp.

37. Cyan is composed of equal parts of what two colors?
lens-to-subject distance
A raster image
Reflected light meter
Blue & Green

38. A filter with a factor of 2 requires how many stops of compensation?

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39. A lens set at f/4 admits how much more/less light than one set at f/2.8?
1 1/3 stops
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
Half as much light

40. What is a Bit?
Add magenta
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
Add green
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.

41. If an image is too yellow - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
The amount of information contained in each pixel
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Variations command
Add blue

42. A ring of thin - overlapping leaves located inside the lens is called what?
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
3200 Kelvin
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi

43. What is a color profile?
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Fair Use
Aperture-Priority
Add blue

44. What is the best color profile for web images?
sRGB
stopped down
Snoot
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)

45. What is the optical resolution on a scanner defined as?
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
Half as much light

46. A histogram with peaks on either end of the histogram and a deep valley in between represents what?
Aperture and shutter
A high contrast image
In the middle
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor

47. In a 2:1 ratio - the shadow side of the subject would meter at X stop(s) less than the highlight side.
Very wide at about 180 degrees
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
One stop less

48. What is a thyristor?
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
One stop less
Metamerism

49. This kind of lens has a variable focal length.
Zoom lens
hue/saturation adjustment layer
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
Add magenta

50. When doing close-up work - what happens to the depth of field when the subject is closer to the lens?
Aperture-priority
One stop
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.