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Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the term used to describe data contained in a digital image?
Because you can move in close to the subject
Shutter speed & aperture
Metadata
A high contrast image

2. Doubling the aperture setting creates how many stops difference in the amount of light reaching the sensor?
Fisheye
One stop
Additive (R - G - B)
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta

3. An SLR camera uses what to allow you to see exactly what you'll photograph?
Contrast
8 stops
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
A mirror and pentaprism

4. Most lenses are sharpest closed down to how many stops from the widest?
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
Aperture
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
1 or 2

5. What angle of view does a spot meter read?
sensor
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
JPEG
Shutter-Priority

6. To produce optimal sharpness - detail - and resolution - is a higher or lower ISO setting better?
Lower
Short lighting.
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
The brightness of all the pixels in an image

7. What Photoshop tool allows you to select an area of any size or shape by drawing freehand?
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
Aperture-priority
Lasso tool
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.

8. The histogram of a properly exposed grey card will show a vertical bar where on the histogram?
8 stops
Black (0)
sensor
In the middle

9. What is the inverse square law?
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
The sensor's sensitivity to light
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.

10. What kind of lighting patter is useful to narrow a face?
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
Short lighting
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.

11. What does ISO stand for?
Infrared
International Organization for Standardization
Aperture
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)

12. What do the bars on the right of a histogram represent?
Convex
White (255)
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
Front lighting

13. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very light toned scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
A raster image

14. Blue is opposite what color on the color wheel?
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
8 bits
International Organization for Standardization
Yellow

15. Cyan is composed of equal parts of what two colors?
Blue & Green
sensor
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)

16. What two controls adjust the amount of light that reaches the sensor?
Aperture and shutter
Yellow
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
sRGB

17. A general purpose lens will provide an f-stop range of up to how many?
Black (0)
Variations command
8 stops
Short lighting.

18. This light modifier can be used to highlight a specific area of the subject.
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
A RAW file that has been altered
Snoot

19. 8 bits per pixel gives you how many colors?
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
256
The brightness of all the pixels in an image

20. A tonal correction cannot be accomplished by using a...
hue/saturation adjustment layer
1 or 2
Metadata
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.

21. What is a BYTE?
Half as much light
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.

22. Contrast measures what in a print?
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
The difference between light and dark.
Very wide at about 180 degrees
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin

23. What would you use an ICC profile for?
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
Infinity
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
The impression human vision gives

24. Can you save layers in a JPEG file format?
No
Half as much light
One stop less
Incident light meter

25. As the aperture is stopped down - what happens to sharpness?
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.

26. To minimize facial wrinkles - this type of lighting is best.
The sensor's sensitivity to light
Front lighting
Shutter speed & aperture
hue/saturation adjustment layer

27. An image made of pixels is sometimes called what?
Add green
A raster image
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.

28. What does side lighting emphasize?
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
emphasizes textures
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.

29. What image adjustment tool uses a histogram display to alter an image?
A high contrast image
aperture diameter
Blue
Levels adjustment

30. Why does a short lens create wide-angle distortion?
Because you can move in close to the subject
A RAW file that has been altered
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
flat - low contrast light

31. How does 'unsharp mask' work?
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
Snoot

32. In a curves adjustment layer - what does the shape of the curve indicate?
Contrast
In the middle
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
Actual Pixel view

33. This viewing option gives you the most accurate version of your image in Photoshop.
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
256
Add cyan
Actual Pixel view

34. What does the term "stop" mean?
Add green
A change in illumination
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Hue - Luminance - Saturation

35. What is the term used to describe a sensor's sensitivity to light?
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
Metamerism
ISO
3200 Kelvin

36. What are luminance and illuminance?
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.

37. To emphasize texture in a portrait - what kind of light source is recommended?
Short lighting
Short lighting.
8 stops
Small light source at an angle to the subject

38. The rule of thirds necessitates that the composition be divided into a grid of now many equal rectangles or squares?
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
9
Glossy paper
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures

39. What is a derivative file?
Bit
Lower
A RAW file that has been altered
hue/saturation adjustment layer

40. As the aperture becomes smaller - what happens to the depth of field?
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
Dynamic range
Infrared
It increases

41. Name 2 ways you can decrease depth of field.
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject

42. Whenever another image is copied or moved into a file - Photoshop automatically creates what?
Additive (R - G - B)
A new layer
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
Add blue

43. What is a color profile?
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
Dynamic range
A new layer
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).

44. This type of backup system is fault-tolerant because it creates redundant data.
International Organization for Standardization
RAID system
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
Shutter-Priority

45. A ring of thin - overlapping leaves located inside the lens is called what?
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
9
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
Levels adjustment

46. What is the usable exposure range - or range of subject brightness called?
JPEG
Dynamic range
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
Incident light meter

47. What is the best color profile for web images?
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
High Dynamic Range
sRGB
The amount of information contained in each pixel

48. The area of acceptable sharpness in an image is called what?
Shutter speed & aperture
A raster image
Depth of field
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree

49. This type of file format compresses images by discarding pixels; therefore - each time an images is compressed - it loses pixels.
Snoot
256
JPEG
1 or 2

50. Focal length controls what?
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
One stop less

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