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Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are quad- and hex- tone printing?
Infrared
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
Shutter-Priority
1 or 2

2. What is a color profile?
Blue & Green
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Small light source at an angle to the subject
Follow focus

3. What image adjustment tool uses a histogram display to alter an image?
Levels adjustment
Add green
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
sRGB

4. According to the rule of thirds - where should the important parts of an image fall?
Selecting portions of the image based on color
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
8 bits
8 stops

5. What is the general rule of thumb for the measurement of a 'normal' lens?
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
Hue - Luminance - Saturation

6. In a 2:1 ratio - the shadow side of the subject would meter at X stop(s) less than the highlight side.
One stop less
The difference between light and dark.
ISO
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area

7. When buying a lens hood - you should get it in what size relative to the lens?

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8. What kind of lighting pattern places the key light directly in front of and higher than the face?
Broad lighting
Butterfly lighting
Use and adjustment layer
Metadata

9. What is the inverse square law?
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.

10. Can you save layers in a JPEG file format?
The difference between light and dark.
3:1 or 4:1
RAID system
No

11. Name two ways you can increase depth of field (other than changing aperture).
Dynamic range
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject

12. Name 3 ways to make a tonal adjustment in Photoshop.
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
3:1 or 4:1
Variations command

13. If an image is too cyan - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Add red
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
Fisheye
Selecting portions of the image based on color

14. The smallest unit of digital information is called a what?
Bit
Short lighting.
Metadata
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.

15. What angle should a polarizing filter be to the sun for best results?
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
Use and adjustment layer
8 bits
JPEG

16. What is focal length - technically?
stopped down
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
Fisheye
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.

17. What kind of meter is built in to most cameras?
Short lighting
Reflected light meter
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.

18. A tonal correction cannot be accomplished by using a...
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
Broad lighting
hue/saturation adjustment layer

19. Going clockwise around the color wheel - starting with RED - what is the progression of colors?
A change in illumination
256
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
Snoot

20. A normal (or standard) focal length lens approximates what?
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
8 stops
lens-to-subject distance
The impression human vision gives

21. What is the usable exposure range - or range of subject brightness called?
Dynamic range
flat - low contrast light
5 -000 Kelvin
Add red

22. What color is opposite Red on the color wheel?
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
Aperture and shutter
Black (0)
Cyan

23. Most modern lenses are based on this kind of lens.
Aperture
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
Convex
1 or 2

24. Name 2 ways you can decrease depth of field.
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
1/250th
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker

25. What are the effects of high side lighting?
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
Reflected light meter
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
Actual Pixel view

26. Maximum depth of field at a given aperture is achieved by focusing at what?
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
No
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.

27. What is a BYTE?
Actual Pixel view
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
Half as much light
5000K

28. What does the term "stop" mean?
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
High Dynamic Range
JPEG
A change in illumination

29. What are the effects of top lighting?
Infrared
8 bits
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
It increases

30. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very light toned scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
Subtractive primaries (plus black)

31. Photoshop's command for a simple way to start using color balance is what?
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
Variations command
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
Reciprocal relationship

32. Printers use what set of colors?
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
emphasizes textures
The sensor's sensitivity to light

33. Blue is opposite what color on the color wheel?
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
Yellow
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
256

34. What do the bars on the left of a histogram represent?
Aperture-Priority
Black (0)
Additive (R - G - B)
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures

35. Using this kind of automatic exposure setting on the camera - you set the aperture and the camera sets the shutter speed.
Aperture-Priority
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).

36. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very dark scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
Soft proofing
stopped down
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
Aperture-priority

37. Generally - traditional portraits use what lighting ratio?
3:1 or 4:1
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
The amount of information contained in each pixel
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light

38. Why is depth of field greater on a short lens versus a long lens?
Soft proofing
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
Butterfly lighting
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors

39. A general purpose lens will provide an f-stop range of up to how many?
A new layer
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
8 stops
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.

40. What two controls adjust the amount of light that reaches the sensor?
Aperture and shutter
Use and adjustment layer
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color

41. Aperture controls what?
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
Add green
Butterfly lighting
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor

42. What do the bars on the right of a histogram represent?
White (255)
A change in illumination
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."

43. Sharpness from near to far is controlled by what?
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Aperture
Metadata

44. What is a derivative file?
It increases
One stop less
sRGB
A RAW file that has been altered

45. All objects beyond the closest distance in focus will be sharp when this appears within the DOF scale.
Soft proofing
Infinity
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.

46. How can you change the brightness of the background when using flash?
Lower
aperture diameter
Add blue
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.

47. What does side lighting emphasize?
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
emphasizes textures
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
Use and adjustment layer

48. What do TTL systems react to?
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
A RAW file that has been altered
Front lighting

49. A technique used to maintain sharp focus on a subject that is moving toward you is called what?
Follow focus
Incident light meter
9
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.

50. What is an element and where is it found?
stopped down
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
Small light source at an angle to the subject
The impression human vision gives

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Certified Professional Photographer

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