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Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Daylight is approximately what color temperature?
5 -000 Kelvin
It increases
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
International Organization for Standardization

2. Name two ways you can increase depth of field (other than changing aperture).
Front lighting
Yellow
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject

3. How can you change the brightness of the background when using flash?
Snoot
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
Blue & Green
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.

4. What are quad- and hex- tone printing?
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
International Organization for Standardization

5. If an image is too blue - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
1 1/3 stops
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
Add yellow
More of the background and foreground are sharp.

6. Most modern lenses are based on this kind of lens.
The amount of information contained in each pixel
5 -000 Kelvin
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
Convex

7. What is the CCD or CMOS sensor?

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8. Perspective is affected by what?
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
lens-to-subject distance
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)

9. What does a neutral density filter do?
Flat lighting
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
Snoot
8 bits

10. Cyan is composed of equal parts of what two colors?
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
Infinity
Blue & Green
Snoot

11. Photoshop's command for a simple way to start using color balance is what?
Variations command
lens-to-subject distance
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
Depth of field

12. How would you define exposure in mathematical terms?
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.

13. What angle of view does a spot meter read?
Zoom lens
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.

14. This kind of lens has a variable focal length.
No
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
Zoom lens

15. What color is opposite Red on the color wheel?
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
Cyan

16. Printers use what set of colors?
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Metamerism
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
Lower

17. What is interpolated resolution?
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
Snoot
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
Black (0)

18. A color image with smooth gradiations requires at least what bit depth?
A change in illumination
Butterfly lighting
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors

19. This light modifier can be used to highlight a specific area of the subject.
Snoot
Follow focus
Parallax
Convex

20. If you must move to reduce the amount of flash reaching your subject - how far do you move?
Black (0)
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
Parallax
1 1/3 stops

21. What are IPTC fields used for?
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
5000K
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.

22. In a 2:1 ratio - the shadow side of the subject would meter at X stop(s) less than the highlight side.
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
No
One stop less
lens-to-subject distance

23. What is the name of the issue that prevents you from seeing exactly what the lens sees when using a rangefinder camera?
Blue & Green
Parallax
Aperture and shutter
stopped down

24. What kind of lighting patter is useful to narrow a face?
Short lighting
Add cyan
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Use and adjustment layer

25. A magic wand tool is used for what?
256
Selecting portions of the image based on color
One stop less
A change in illumination

26. What is the suggested shutter speed to stop action of a child running parallel to the film plan - about 25 feet from the camera?
A mirror and pentaprism
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
1/250th
The sensor's sensitivity to light

27. Doubling the aperture setting creates how many stops difference in the amount of light reaching the sensor?
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
Metadata
One stop

28. A histogram with peaks on either end of the histogram and a deep valley in between represents what?
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
A high contrast image
Add cyan
Because you can move in close to the subject

29. The greatest tonal range from black to white is achievable on what kind of paper?
Glossy paper
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
9

30. Most inkjet printers intended for photographic printing include light and dark inks of all of the colors except for one. Which color ink is usually available only in one density?
A RAW file that has been altered
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
Yellow
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi

31. What is a Bit?
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
Yellow
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.

32. What kind of light will be produced when using a large white umbrella close to a subject?
flat - low contrast light
Selecting portions of the image based on color
8 stops
Shutter-priority

33. What light source has the highest color temperature?
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
Add magenta
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin

34. What is the effect of front lighting?
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
1/250th
Add cyan
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)

35. When the additive primaries are mixed together equally - what is created?
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
Follow focus
Lasso tool
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)

36. The quantity of light that reaches your sensor is controlled by what?
1/250th
Shutter speed & aperture
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.

37. According to the Inverse Square Law - at a distance of 10 feet from a flash - the area illuminated receives how much more/less light than the area illuminated at 20 feet from the flash?
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
Dynamic range
four times more
hue/saturation adjustment layer

38. To produce optimal sharpness - detail - and resolution - is a higher or lower ISO setting better?
Lower
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
Short lighting.

39. To minimize facial wrinkles - this type of lighting is best.
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
Because you can move in close to the subject
Front lighting

40. What does ISO stand for?
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
International Organization for Standardization
Aperture-Priority
All colors

41. When buying a lens hood - you should get it in what size relative to the lens?

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42. The useable exposure range of a sensor - or the range of subject brightness is called what?
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
Actual Pixel view
One stop less
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)

43. A general purpose lens will provide an f-stop range of up to how many?
8 stops
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
Zoom lens
Variations command

44. What are the effects of top lighting?
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
In the middle
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
Incident light meter

45. What is the optical resolution on a scanner defined as?
Add magenta
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)

46. 8 bits per pixel gives you how many colors?
Because you can move in close to the subject
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
hue/saturation adjustment layer
256

47. When doing close-up work - what happens to the depth of field when the subject is closer to the lens?
Convex
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
It increases
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.

48. If an image is too yellow - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Very wide at about 180 degrees
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
9
Add blue

49. In a digital image - the images file sizes corresponds to the total number of what in the image?
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
Shutter-priority
Total number of pixels
Lasso tool

50. What is gamut?
5000K
One stop less
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.

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