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Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the aperture and the camera sets the shutter speed - what mode are you working in?
Aperture-priority
A mirror and pentaprism
Short lighting.
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.

2. What Photoshop tool allows you to select an area of any size or shape by drawing freehand?
sensor
Lasso tool
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).

3. What angle of view does an incident meter read?
Total number of pixels
Very wide at about 180 degrees
Fair Use
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.

4. The smallest unit of digital information is called a what?
8 stops
Bit
All colors
Add magenta

5. Most lenses are sharpest closed down to how many stops from the widest?
The sensor's sensitivity to light
Follow focus
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
1 or 2

6. Digital cameras use what set of primary colors?
Metadata
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
Additive (R - G - B)
Actual Pixel view

7. How can you change the brightness of the background when using flash?
flat - low contrast light
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
Snoot

8. What would you use an ICC profile for?
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.

9. The amount of motion blur in an image will increase if you do what?
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
Small light source at an angle to the subject
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
Levels adjustment

10. What is the term used to describe data contained in a digital image?
Metadata
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
Small light source at an angle to the subject
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)

11. If an image is too cyan - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Black (0)
Infinity
Add red
Selecting portions of the image based on color

12. What are quad- and hex- tone printing?
Total number of pixels
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.

13. What is a Bit?
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
Aperture-priority
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view

14. This technique allows you to keep a subject that is moving toward you well focused.
Follow focus
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light

15. A tonal correction cannot be accomplished by using a...
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
hue/saturation adjustment layer
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
No

16. When the subtractive primaries are added together equally - what is created?
Levels adjustment
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
The sensor's sensitivity to light

17. This viewing option gives you the most accurate version of your image in Photoshop.
5000K
Small light source at an angle to the subject
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Actual Pixel view

18. What is a thyristor?
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan

19. As the aperture is stopped down - what happens to sharpness?
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
Variations command
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
Add yellow

20. An incident-exposure reading for a fair-skinned subject reads f/8 - 1/125th at 100 ISO. The next subject is very dark skinned. What is the proper exposure for the second subject?

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21. Maximum depth of field at a given aperture is achieved by focusing at what?
Short lighting.
A raster image
Broad lighting
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.

22. Can you save layers in a JPEG file format?
Butterfly lighting
Aperture
Incident light meter
No

23. What are IPTC fields used for?
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
Shutter-Priority
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.

24. What is a BYTE?
Zoom lens
1/250th
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
Blue & Green

25. What is the best color profile for web images?
flat - low contrast light
sRGB
Aperture-priority
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.

26. What is the optical resolution on a scanner defined as?
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
sensor
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
Infrared

27. What angle should a polarizing filter be to the sun for best results?
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.

28. What is the CCD or CMOS sensor?

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29. What kind of lighting pattern places the key light directly in front of and higher than the face?
Butterfly lighting
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Reflected light meter
In the middle

30. An SLR camera uses what to allow you to see exactly what you'll photograph?
5000K
Additive (R - G - B)
A mirror and pentaprism
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."

31. A filter with a factor of 2 requires how many stops of compensation?

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32. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture - what mode are you working in?
Shutter-priority
stopped down
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
Hue - Luminance - Saturation

33. Name 2 ways you can decrease depth of field.
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
Metadata
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.

34. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very dark scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
Because you can move in close to the subject
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
Lower
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.

35. A general purpose lens will provide an f-stop range of up to how many?
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
8 stops
Blue
Blown highlights

36. A ring of thin - overlapping leaves located inside the lens is called what?
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
RAID system
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
flat - low contrast light

37. What are the effects of high side lighting?
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
Glossy paper
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)

38. This type of file format compresses images by discarding pixels; therefore - each time an images is compressed - it loses pixels.
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
JPEG
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.

39. A technique used to maintain sharp focus on a subject that is moving toward you is called what?
Follow focus
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
emphasizes textures
1/250th

40. The term "ISO speed" is used to describe what?

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41. What two controls adjust the amount of light that reaches the sensor?
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
Actual Pixel view
Blue
Aperture and shutter

42. The relative aperture is equal to the lens focal length divided by what?
The impression human vision gives
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
aperture diameter
sRGB

43. A histogram with peaks on either end of the histogram and a deep valley in between represents what?
A high contrast image
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
Yellow
Hue - Luminance - Saturation

44. How much resolution do you need for: Internet? Newspaper? Photographic print? Glossy magazine?
The difference between light and dark.
Reflected light meter
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
A mirror and pentaprism

45. What kind of film can help reduce haze in a landscape?
Infinity
Infrared
Cyan
1 1/3 stops

46. The image transmitted by the lens is recorded by the what?
sensor
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image

47. This type of backup system is fault-tolerant because it creates redundant data.
RAID system
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
Total number of pixels
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.

48. What angle of view does a reflected light meter read?
8 stops
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)

49. Generally - how much exposure compensation (in stops) should be used when using a polarizing filter?
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
sRGB
1 1/3 stops

50. What is an element and where is it found?
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.

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