Test your basic knowledge |

Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A lens set at f/4 admits how much more/less light than one set at f/2.8?
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
Add magenta
four times more
Half as much light

2. As the aperture is stopped down - what happens to sharpness?
Incident light meter
8 bits
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
Subtractive primaries (plus black)

3. In a 2:1 ratio - the shadow side of the subject would meter at X stop(s) less than the highlight side.
One stop less
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
3:1 or 4:1
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject

4. How is brightness and contrast best controlled in Photoshop?
Levels adjustment
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color

5. What is a color profile?
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)

6. The greatest tonal range from black to white is achievable on what kind of paper?
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Snoot
Use and adjustment layer
Glossy paper

7. What is burning?
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
Shutter speed & aperture
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view

8. The rule of thirds necessitates that the composition be divided into a grid of now many equal rectangles or squares?
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
9
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)

9. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the aperture and the camera sets the shutter speed - what mode are you working in?
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
Cyan
Aperture-priority
Bit

10. Resolution refers to what?
Levels adjustment
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
Shutter-Priority

11. A technique used to maintain sharp focus on a subject that is moving toward you is called what?
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
The amount of information contained in each pixel
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Follow focus

12. Copyright law has certain built-in exceptions that allow for special situations in using copyrighted material. They are called what?
Fair Use
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
Yellow
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree

13. Can you save layers in a JPEG file format?
Magenta
No
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.

14. What is interpolated resolution?
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
Very wide at about 180 degrees
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.

15. What is a thyristor?
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.

16. Maximum depth of field at a given aperture is achieved by focusing at what?
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
5 -000 Kelvin
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
Add green

17. An image made of pixels is sometimes called what?
Incident light meter
International Organization for Standardization
A raster image
The sensor's sensitivity to light

18. A lens with a very wide angle of view and produces barrel distortion is what kind of lens?
Add green
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
Fisheye
Shutter speed & aperture

19. What angle of view does an incident meter read?
Dynamic range
Very wide at about 180 degrees
Add yellow
Magenta

20. What would you use an ICC profile for?
A new layer
Small light source at an angle to the subject
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.

21. What is the term used to describe data contained in a digital image?
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
Blue & Green
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
Metadata

22. What kind of lighting pattern is useful to widen a subject?
Add yellow
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
Broad lighting

23. What do the bars on the right of a histogram represent?
Lower
A new layer
White (255)
Bit

24. The amount of motion blur in an image will increase if you do what?
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
One stop
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed

25. What is the effect of front lighting?
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures

26. What is focal length - technically?
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
Aperture-priority
Actual Pixel view

27. Bit depth refers to what?
lens-to-subject distance
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
The amount of information contained in each pixel
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.

28. What is the name of the technique used to make a monitor look like what you will see on your print?
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
Soft proofing
Add red
Fair Use

29. Whenever another image is copied or moved into a file - Photoshop automatically creates what?
A new layer
Follow focus
Infrared
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically

30. Photoshop's command for a simple way to start using color balance is what?
Variations command
1/250th
Follow focus
5 -000 Kelvin

31. This type of file format compresses images by discarding pixels; therefore - each time an images is compressed - it loses pixels.
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
JPEG
Aperture-Priority
The amount of information contained in each pixel

32. The histogram of a properly exposed grey card will show a vertical bar where on the histogram?
In the middle
The difference between light and dark.
Add blue
1 or 2

33. Printers use how many bits per channel of information when printing?
Incident light meter
8 bits
Short lighting
International Organization for Standardization

34. Name two ways you can increase depth of field (other than changing aperture).
Infinity
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.

35. In short lighting - where is the main light placed?
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically

36. What Photoshop tool allows you to select an area of any size or shape by drawing freehand?
Lasso tool
Blue & Green
Metadata
1 or 2

37. Doubling the aperture setting creates how many stops difference in the amount of light reaching the sensor?
Total number of pixels
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
One stop
8 stops

38. What angle should a polarizing filter be to the sun for best results?
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
1/250th

39. What light source has the highest color temperature?
Very wide at about 180 degrees
Aperture-priority
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)

40. When buying a lens hood - you should get it in what size relative to the lens?

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41. To emphasize texture in a portrait - what kind of light source is recommended?
A raster image
One stop
Shutter-priority
Small light source at an angle to the subject

42. Instead of permanently altering your image when adjusting for color and value - what should you do?
Use and adjustment layer
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
Broad lighting

43. Daylight is approximately what color temperature?
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
5 -000 Kelvin
flat - low contrast light
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)

44. What is the name of the issue that prevents you from seeing exactly what the lens sees when using a rangefinder camera?
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
Infrared
Parallax

45. The area of acceptable sharpness in an image is called what?
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Depth of field
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
Infinity

46. What image adjustment tool uses a histogram display to alter an image?
JPEG
Because you can move in close to the subject
hue/saturation adjustment layer
Levels adjustment

47. The term to describe the combination of aperture and shutter speed that can be changed by moving them in opposite directions.
Shutter-priority
A new layer
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
Reciprocal relationship

48. Why is depth of field greater on a short lens versus a long lens?
Dynamic range
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
Glossy paper

49. The image transmitted by the lens is recorded by the what?
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
sensor
All colors
Magenta

50. Contrast measures what in a print?
The difference between light and dark.
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
aperture diameter
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.