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Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are luminance and illuminance?
Magenta
Levels adjustment
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)

2. In short lighting - where is the main light placed?
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.

3. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the aperture and the camera sets the shutter speed - what mode are you working in?
Aperture-priority
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light

4. An incident-exposure reading for a fair-skinned subject reads f/8 - 1/125th at 100 ISO. The next subject is very dark skinned. What is the proper exposure for the second subject?

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5. If your print will be viewed mostly under window light - what is the suggested Kelvin temperature of the lights you should use to evaluate your print?
8 bits
RAID system
5000K
The brightness of all the pixels in an image

6. Doubling the aperture setting creates how many stops difference in the amount of light reaching the sensor?
One stop
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
No

7. As the aperture is stopped down - what happens to sharpness?
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
Add green
Aperture and shutter

8. A technique used to maintain sharp focus on a subject that is moving toward you is called what?
Half as much light
Follow focus
Variations command
Blown highlights

9. What is gamut?
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
Bit
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
Parallax

10. Sharpness from near to far is controlled by what?
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Aperture and shutter
Aperture

11. Why does a short lens create wide-angle distortion?
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
A new layer
Because you can move in close to the subject

12. To minimize facial wrinkles - this type of lighting is best.
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
Front lighting
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
aperture diameter

13. A lens with a very wide angle of view and produces barrel distortion is what kind of lens?
Fisheye
hue/saturation adjustment layer
Add green
Add red

14. when adjusting an image with levels - if you want to make any color neutral quickly - what would you do?
8 stops
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare

15. What light source has the highest color temperature?
emphasizes textures
5000K
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin

16. Copyright law has certain built-in exceptions that allow for special situations in using copyrighted material. They are called what?
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
Flat lighting
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
Fair Use

17. Going clockwise around the color wheel - starting with RED - what is the progression of colors?
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
Shutter-priority

18. What angle of view does a spot meter read?
1 1/3 stops
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree

19. What two controls adjust the amount of light that reaches the sensor?
Shutter speed & aperture
Metamerism
Aperture and shutter
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.

20. What is the usable exposure range - or range of subject brightness called?
256
RAID system
Dynamic range
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)

21. What is a Bit?
Infrared
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
lens-to-subject distance
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree

22. If an image is too magenta - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
Add red
Add green
Aperture and shutter

23. What determines what will be a 'normal' focal length lens on a particular camera?
Add green
Infinity
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor

24. An SLR camera uses what to allow you to see exactly what you'll photograph?
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
A mirror and pentaprism
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
It increases

25. In a digital image - the images file sizes corresponds to the total number of what in the image?
Follow focus
Short lighting
Aperture-priority
Total number of pixels

26. What is the name of the technique used to make a monitor look like what you will see on your print?
Soft proofing
High Dynamic Range
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.

27. What is burning?
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
Add blue
Hue - Luminance - Saturation

28. The area of acceptable sharpness in an image is called what?
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
Depth of field
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.

29. What kind of lighting patter is useful to narrow a face?
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
Contrast
Flat lighting
Short lighting

30. What is dodging?
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.

31. Aperture controls what?
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
Shutter speed & aperture
stopped down
1 or 2

32. As the aperture becomes smaller - what happens to the depth of field?
It increases
Aperture
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
aperture diameter

33. What is the suggested shutter speed to stop action of a child running parallel to the film plan - about 25 feet from the camera?
Short lighting.
1/250th
5 -000 Kelvin
Subtractive primaries (plus black)

34. What is the name of the issue that prevents you from seeing exactly what the lens sees when using a rangefinder camera?
Actual Pixel view
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
Parallax
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)

35. Contrast measures what in a print?
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
Blue
The difference between light and dark.
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.

36. What is a flag?
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
Follow focus

37. What kind of light will be produced when using a large white umbrella close to a subject?
Butterfly lighting
The difference between light and dark.
flat - low contrast light
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.

38. An 8x10 at 240 dpi will have a resolution of what?
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
A new layer
Reflected light meter
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)

39. A lens set at f/4 admits how much more/less light than one set at f/2.8?
Yellow
Half as much light
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
Shutter-priority

40. In a 2:1 ratio - the shadow side of the subject would meter at X stop(s) less than the highlight side.
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
Zoom lens
One stop less
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.

41. What is the general rule of thumb for the measurement of a 'normal' lens?
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)

42. What are quad- and hex- tone printing?
Cyan
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.

43. What does ISO stand for?
International Organization for Standardization
Blue
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
Blown highlights

44. Panning does what?
Blue
A RAW file that has been altered
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background

45. A magic wand tool is used for what?
sRGB
Levels adjustment
Selecting portions of the image based on color
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)

46. In a curves adjustment layer - what does the shape of the curve indicate?
3:1 or 4:1
Short lighting
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
Contrast

47. What is the term used to describe human's change in perception of a color under different light sources?
Aperture
Flat lighting
Metamerism
256

48. How does 'unsharp mask' work?
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
The impression human vision gives

49. What does side lighting emphasize?
emphasizes textures
White (255)
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
Incident light meter

50. This type of backup system is fault-tolerant because it creates redundant data.
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
RAID system
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
sensor

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