Test your basic knowledge |

Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Why does a short lens create wide-angle distortion?
Because you can move in close to the subject
Metamerism
Parallax
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.

2. Stopping a lens down from f/8 to f/16 represents a X stop difference.
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
Metamerism
Aperture-priority
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)

3. Perspective is affected by what?
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
lens-to-subject distance
Add magenta

4. The area of acceptable sharpness in an image is called what?
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.
The sensor's sensitivity to light
In the middle
Depth of field

5. If an image is too blue - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Add yellow
Lower
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor

6. What does side lighting emphasize?
emphasizes textures
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
Incident light meter
3200 Kelvin

7. An 8x10 at 240 dpi will have a resolution of what?
Fair Use
Very wide at about 180 degrees
The amount of information contained in each pixel
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)

8. What is a BYTE?
High Dynamic Range
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)

9. A general purpose lens will provide an f-stop range of up to how many?
8 stops
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically

10. When buying a lens hood - you should get it in what size relative to the lens?

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11. According to the rule of thirds - where should the important parts of an image fall?
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Hue - Luminance - Saturation

12. What does the term "stop" mean?
Incident light meter
Because you can move in close to the subject
In the middle
A change in illumination

13. What is burning?
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
Reciprocal relationship
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically

14. Focal length controls what?
3200 Kelvin
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view

15. Generally - traditional portraits use what lighting ratio?
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
Short lighting.
3:1 or 4:1
Levels adjustment

16. What is the inverse square law?
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
Blue

17. How can you change the brightness of the background when using flash?
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
flat - low contrast light
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed

18. What does a neutral density filter do?
3200 Kelvin
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.

19. Using this kind of automatic exposure setting on the camera - you set the aperture and the camera sets the shutter speed.
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
Front lighting
Aperture-Priority

20. Digital cameras use what set of primary colors?
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
Yellow
Additive (R - G - B)
8 bits

21. If your print will be viewed mostly under window light - what is the suggested Kelvin temperature of the lights you should use to evaluate your print?
Contrast
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
5000K

22. What do the bars on the left of a histogram represent?
Add magenta
Aperture
Black (0)
3200 Kelvin

23. Most modern lenses are based on this kind of lens.
Convex
5000K
Actual Pixel view
Flat lighting

24. If you must move to reduce the amount of flash reaching your subject - how far do you move?
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
8 stops
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
256

25. What is the name of the issue that prevents you from seeing exactly what the lens sees when using a rangefinder camera?
Parallax
Aperture
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
Glossy paper

26. Generally - how much exposure compensation (in stops) should be used when using a polarizing filter?
1 1/3 stops
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
8 bits
The sensor's sensitivity to light

27. What is dodging?
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
A new layer
Half as much light

28. Photoshop's command for a simple way to start using color balance is what?
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
One stop less
Variations command

29. What do TTL systems react to?
1 1/3 stops
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Add yellow
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan

30. What kind of light will be produced when using a large white umbrella close to a subject?
3:1 or 4:1
8 stops
flat - low contrast light
The brightness of all the pixels in an image

31. What are the three main factors that affect depth of field?
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
Infinity

32. What is a Bit?
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
3:1 or 4:1
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
Soft proofing

33. Contrast measures what in a print?
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
The difference between light and dark.
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
Levels adjustment

34. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture - what mode are you working in?
Reflected light meter
It increases
Shutter-priority
Short lighting

35. Panning does what?
Bit
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
5 -000 Kelvin

36. Name two ways you can increase depth of field (other than changing aperture).
Follow focus
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
four times more
Short lighting.

37. What are the effects of top lighting?
The difference between light and dark.
Dynamic range
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.

38. A lens with a very wide angle of view and produces barrel distortion is what kind of lens?
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
Convex
ISO
Fisheye

39. Most inkjet printers intended for photographic printing include light and dark inks of all of the colors except for one. Which color ink is usually available only in one density?
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
In the middle
Yellow
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.

40. In the 20th century - black & white photographers used the Zone system to tame excessive contrast. Now - digital photographers use what?
High Dynamic Range
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
Lower
3200 Kelvin

41. What kind of lighting pattern is useful to widen a subject?
sensor
3200 Kelvin
Broad lighting
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.

42. When doing close-up work - what happens to the depth of field when the subject is closer to the lens?
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
Add red
ISO

43. Convex lenses cause light rays to do what?
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.

44. Cyan is composed of equal parts of what two colors?
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
Blue & Green

45. What is a derivative file?
aperture diameter
Aperture
A RAW file that has been altered
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area

46. If an image is too cyan - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Aperture-Priority
Add red
Metadata
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically

47. To emphasize texture in a portrait - what kind of light source is recommended?
1 or 2
5 -000 Kelvin
A new layer
Small light source at an angle to the subject

48. Tungsten is approximately what color temperature?
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
3200 Kelvin
No
Lasso tool

49. What do the bars on the right of a histogram represent?
sensor
White (255)
The difference between light and dark.
Shutter speed & aperture

50. Resolution refers to what?
Cyan
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
Additive (R - G - B)
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image