Test your basic knowledge |

Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is focal length - technically?
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
3200 Kelvin
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.

2. Generally - traditional portraits use what lighting ratio?
3:1 or 4:1
Infrared
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background

3. How much resolution do you need for: Internet? Newspaper? Photographic print? Glossy magazine?
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
Add cyan
Actual Pixel view
1 1/3 stops

4. What is a derivative file?
A RAW file that has been altered
One stop
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
aperture diameter

5. Copyright law has certain built-in exceptions that allow for special situations in using copyrighted material. They are called what?
Fair Use
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
A raster image
5 -000 Kelvin

6. What does side lighting emphasize?
Selecting portions of the image based on color
Glossy paper
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
emphasizes textures

7. If an image is too green - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Metadata
Add magenta
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.

8. What do the bars on the left of a histogram represent?
Black (0)
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
Add red
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."

9. The amount of motion blur in an image will increase if you do what?
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed

10. Maximum depth of field at a given aperture is achieved by focusing at what?
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
Add red
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.

11. This type of file format compresses images by discarding pixels; therefore - each time an images is compressed - it loses pixels.
JPEG
Zoom lens
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.

12. The quantity of light that reaches your sensor is controlled by what?
Bit
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
256
Shutter speed & aperture

13. What is a thyristor?
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
1 1/3 stops

14. The term to describe the combination of aperture and shutter speed that can be changed by moving them in opposite directions.
Reciprocal relationship
aperture diameter
A new layer
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.

15. What is a flag?
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
four times more

16. When mixed in varying proportion - the subtractive primary colors produce what?
All colors
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
Dynamic range
Shutter-Priority

17. A histogram with peaks on either end of the histogram and a deep valley in between represents what?
Depth of field
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
Bit
A high contrast image

18. What is the general rule of thumb for the measurement of a 'normal' lens?
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.

19. The term "ISO speed" is used to describe what?

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20. The histogram of a properly exposed grey card will show a vertical bar where on the histogram?
Parallax
The amount of information contained in each pixel
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
In the middle

21. What are quad- and hex- tone printing?
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)

22. What is dodging?
8 stops
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
3:1 or 4:1

23. What is the effect of front lighting?
The sensor's sensitivity to light
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area

24. Can you save layers in a JPEG file format?
stopped down
Front lighting
No
Short lighting.

25. What kind of film can help reduce haze in a landscape?
lens-to-subject distance
Small light source at an angle to the subject
Infrared
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)

26. What determines what will be a 'normal' focal length lens on a particular camera?
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.

27. What kind of lighting patter is useful to narrow a face?
Short lighting
8 bits
Snoot
Parallax

28. How does 'unsharp mask' work?
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
Reciprocal relationship

29. What kind of lighting pattern is best for average oval faces and round faces you want to slim?
Actual Pixel view
A RAW file that has been altered
Short lighting.
The difference between light and dark.

30. What does the term "stop" mean?
Levels adjustment
A change in illumination
One stop
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi

31. Most inkjet printers intended for photographic printing include light and dark inks of all of the colors except for one. Which color ink is usually available only in one density?
5000K
Aperture and shutter
3200 Kelvin
Yellow

32. The area of acceptable sharpness in an image is called what?
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
Yellow
Depth of field
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)

33. Convex lenses cause light rays to do what?
Blown highlights
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically

34. What is a BYTE?
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
flat - low contrast light
Blue & Green
ISO

35. What would you use an ICC profile for?
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
Metadata
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.

36. If your print will be viewed mostly under window light - what is the suggested Kelvin temperature of the lights you should use to evaluate your print?
Yellow
A mirror and pentaprism
5000K
The brightness of all the pixels in an image

37. Aperture controls what?
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
Use and adjustment layer
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment

38. Cyan is composed of equal parts of what two colors?
Fair Use
Blue & Green
Fisheye
Because you can move in close to the subject

39. What is gamut?
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
Blue & Green
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Infrared

40. This kind of lens has a variable focal length.
Zoom lens
A mirror and pentaprism
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject

41. Name 2 ways you can decrease depth of field.
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
sRGB
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject

42. Daylight is approximately what color temperature?
Add cyan
5 -000 Kelvin
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
four times more

43. What are the effects of top lighting?
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
RAID system
Metadata
Shutter-Priority

44. A normal (or standard) focal length lens approximates what?
RAID system
The impression human vision gives
It increases
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor

45. This stores electronic images captured in a digital camera until they can be transferred to a computer.
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
Infrared
Very wide at about 180 degrees
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card

46. When the size of the aperture is decreased - it is said to be what?
Aperture-priority
Broad lighting
stopped down
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image

47. An SLR camera uses what to allow you to see exactly what you'll photograph?
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
A mirror and pentaprism
All colors
1 or 2

48. A general purpose lens will provide an f-stop range of up to how many?
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
Aperture-Priority
Reciprocal relationship
8 stops

49. What color is opposite Green on the color wheel?
sensor
Magenta
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Use and adjustment layer

50. A 1:1 lighting ratio produces what lighting result?
8 stops
1/250th
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
Flat lighting