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Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Perspective is affected by what?
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
lens-to-subject distance

2. Why is depth of field greater on a short lens versus a long lens?
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
One stop less
Infinity

3. Stopping a lens down from f/8 to f/16 represents a X stop difference.
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
lens-to-subject distance
Flat lighting

4. What kind of lighting patter is useful to narrow a face?
Yellow
Metamerism
Blown highlights
Short lighting

5. The image transmitted by the lens is recorded by the what?
four times more
sensor
5000K
Convex

6. An 8x10 at 240 dpi will have a resolution of what?
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
Use and adjustment layer

7. What are the three main factors that affect depth of field?
Blue & Green
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
sensor

8. What Photoshop tool allows you to select an area of any size or shape by drawing freehand?
Lasso tool
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
Depth of field
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker

9. What are the effects of high side lighting?
8 bits
RAID system
Snoot
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.

10. Most inkjet printers intended for photographic printing include light and dark inks of all of the colors except for one. Which color ink is usually available only in one density?
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
Yellow
The sensor's sensitivity to light
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background

11. What kind of lighting pattern is best for average oval faces and round faces you want to slim?
A new layer
Short lighting.
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor

12. Aperture controls what?
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
A raster image
The impression human vision gives
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor

13. Panning does what?
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
A new layer
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)

14. What are luminance and illuminance?
One stop
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast

15. Resolution refers to what?
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
aperture diameter
Contrast

16. How would you define exposure in mathematical terms?
A new layer
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
Parallax
All colors

17. To produce optimal sharpness - detail - and resolution - is a higher or lower ISO setting better?
Lower
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
Shutter speed & aperture
sensor

18. All objects beyond the closest distance in focus will be sharp when this appears within the DOF scale.
Infinity
8 stops
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
No

19. What are IPTC fields used for?
Lower
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.

20. The rule of thirds necessitates that the composition be divided into a grid of now many equal rectangles or squares?
9
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)

21. Doubling the aperture setting creates how many stops difference in the amount of light reaching the sensor?
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
One stop
Infinity
Reflected light meter

22. In a digital image - the images file sizes corresponds to the total number of what in the image?
stopped down
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
Total number of pixels
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.

23. A filter with a factor of 2 requires how many stops of compensation?

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24. What is the optical resolution on a scanner defined as?
Levels adjustment
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)

25. If an image is too blue - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Fair Use
Add yellow
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.

26. A general purpose lens will provide an f-stop range of up to how many?
8 stops
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.

27. What is a BYTE?
Zoom lens
Parallax
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
Half as much light

28. The useable exposure range of a sensor - or the range of subject brightness is called what?
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
Add blue

29. What does a neutral density filter do?
aperture diameter
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
Aperture-priority
Shutter-priority

30. This viewing option gives you the most accurate version of your image in Photoshop.
8 bits
Fair Use
Add red
Actual Pixel view

31. If you must move to reduce the amount of flash reaching your subject - how far do you move?
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
Shutter-Priority
It increases
One stop

32. If an image is too red - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Reciprocal relationship
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
Add cyan
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."

33. Going clockwise around the color wheel - starting with RED - what is the progression of colors?
1/250th
flat - low contrast light
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta

34. The histogram of a properly exposed grey card will show a vertical bar where on the histogram?
Bit
8 stops
In the middle
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker

35. A histogram shows what in an image?
Aperture-Priority
No
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)

36. What are the effects of top lighting?
8 bits
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
flat - low contrast light

37. An SLR camera uses what to allow you to see exactly what you'll photograph?
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
It increases
9
A mirror and pentaprism

38. How does 'unsharp mask' work?
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
Shutter-priority

39. As the aperture becomes smaller - what happens to the depth of field?
A change in illumination
It increases
Use and adjustment layer
Hue - Luminance - Saturation

40. In short lighting - where is the main light placed?
hue/saturation adjustment layer
Fisheye
Flat lighting
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.

41. What angle of view does a spot meter read?
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
3:1 or 4:1
Yellow

42. What is TTL?
Blown highlights
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
Follow focus
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.

43. When mixed in varying proportion - the subtractive primary colors produce what?
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
All colors
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Because you can move in close to the subject

44. Photoshop's command for a simple way to start using color balance is what?
Variations command
Half as much light
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."

45. Why does a short lens create wide-angle distortion?
Because you can move in close to the subject
A mirror and pentaprism
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
A high contrast image

46. What is a color profile?
stopped down
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.

47. Convex lenses cause light rays to do what?
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
In the middle

48. Sharpness from near to far is controlled by what?
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Incident light meter
Aperture

49. To minimize facial wrinkles - this type of lighting is best.
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
Front lighting
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)

50. What is a Bit?
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
A mirror and pentaprism
Metadata

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