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Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What angle of view does a reflected light meter read?
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
Add magenta
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
One stop

2. What is the term used to describe a sensor's sensitivity to light?
ISO
3200 Kelvin
Zoom lens
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment

3. A normal (or standard) focal length lens approximates what?
Variations command
The impression human vision gives
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color

4. If your print will be viewed mostly under window light - what is the suggested Kelvin temperature of the lights you should use to evaluate your print?
5000K
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
hue/saturation adjustment layer
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."

5. The quantity of light that reaches your sensor is controlled by what?
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
Shutter speed & aperture
Actual Pixel view
Snoot

6. How much resolution do you need for: Internet? Newspaper? Photographic print? Glossy magazine?
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
Lower
A high contrast image
flat - low contrast light

7. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture - what mode are you working in?
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
3:1 or 4:1
Selecting portions of the image based on color
Shutter-priority

8. If an image is too magenta - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Magenta
Add green
Reciprocal relationship
Levels adjustment

9. What is a BYTE?
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
All colors
International Organization for Standardization
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.

10. What are quad- and hex- tone printing?
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.
Shutter speed & aperture
ISO

11. What kind of lighting pattern places the key light directly in front of and higher than the face?
Shutter-priority
Butterfly lighting
Because you can move in close to the subject
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)

12. The greatest tonal range from black to white is achievable on what kind of paper?
Glossy paper
No
Yellow
Follow focus

13. This viewing option gives you the most accurate version of your image in Photoshop.
Use and adjustment layer
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
Actual Pixel view
White (255)

14. A lens set at f/4 admits how much more/less light than one set at f/2.8?
Half as much light
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
8 stops
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image

15. What is a color profile?
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
ISO

16. Why is depth of field greater on a short lens versus a long lens?
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
lens-to-subject distance
3200 Kelvin

17. What is the usable exposure range - or range of subject brightness called?
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
Infinity
Dynamic range
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.

18. When buying a lens hood - you should get it in what size relative to the lens?

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19. If an image is too blue - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Add green
Depth of field
Add yellow
One stop less

20. Name 2 ways you can decrease depth of field.
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
Incident light meter
four times more
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background

21. This light modifier can be used to highlight a specific area of the subject.
Snoot
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
stopped down

22. Going clockwise around the color wheel - starting with RED - what is the progression of colors?
Total number of pixels
four times more
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.

23. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very light toned scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
Infrared
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
Actual Pixel view
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.

24. A histogram shows what in an image?
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
It increases
The brightness of all the pixels in an image

25. What is burning?
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
Lasso tool
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker

26. when adjusting an image with levels - if you want to make any color neutral quickly - what would you do?
1/250th
3:1 or 4:1
The sensor's sensitivity to light
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color

27. Daylight is approximately what color temperature?
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
Very wide at about 180 degrees
5 -000 Kelvin

28. Printers use what set of colors?
Flat lighting
Use and adjustment layer
Small light source at an angle to the subject
Subtractive primaries (plus black)

29. To produce optimal sharpness - detail - and resolution - is a higher or lower ISO setting better?
Lower
Aperture-priority
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
5000K

30. What are the three main factors that affect depth of field?
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
Levels adjustment
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
Butterfly lighting

31. What kind of lighting pattern is useful to widen a subject?
Broad lighting
Bit
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.

32. Why does a short lens create wide-angle distortion?
Because you can move in close to the subject
Add red
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
ISO

33. When mixed in varying proportion - the subtractive primary colors produce what?
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
All colors

34. Tungsten is approximately what color temperature?
3200 Kelvin
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
Metadata

35. What is the name of the technique used to make a monitor look like what you will see on your print?
Soft proofing
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
Broad lighting
Hue - Luminance - Saturation

36. Printers use how many bits per channel of information when printing?
Infrared
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
8 bits

37. A tonal correction cannot be accomplished by using a...
hue/saturation adjustment layer
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
Because you can move in close to the subject
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor

38. In a digital image - the images file sizes corresponds to the total number of what in the image?
5000K
Parallax
Total number of pixels
Zoom lens

39. How would you define exposure in mathematical terms?
5000K
Levels adjustment
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
Add yellow

40. What does the term "stop" mean?
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
A change in illumination
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.

41. According to the Inverse Square Law - at a distance of 10 feet from a flash - the area illuminated receives how much more/less light than the area illuminated at 20 feet from the flash?
Add green
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
Parallax
four times more

42. The area of acceptable sharpness in an image is called what?
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
Add magenta
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
Depth of field

43. Convex lenses cause light rays to do what?
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light

44. What is the general rule of thumb for the measurement of a 'normal' lens?
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
Magenta

45. When doing close-up work - what happens to the depth of field when the subject is closer to the lens?
sensor
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
Add cyan

46. What is the best color profile for web images?
Aperture and shutter
Dynamic range
sRGB
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.

47. When the size of the aperture is decreased - it is said to be what?
stopped down
Lower
Blue & Green
Follow focus

48. As the aperture becomes smaller - what happens to the depth of field?
RAID system
Broad lighting
It increases
A raster image

49. If an image is too cyan - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
One stop
Add red

50. An image made of pixels is sometimes called what?
A raster image
White (255)
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)

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