Test your basic knowledge |

Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Most lenses are sharpest closed down to how many stops from the widest?
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
8 bits
1 or 2
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view

2. What is the inverse square law?
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
A new layer
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.

3. When the size of the aperture is decreased - it is said to be what?
Very wide at about 180 degrees
stopped down
Add magenta
9

4. What Photoshop tool allows you to select an area of any size or shape by drawing freehand?
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
Lasso tool
One stop
All colors

5. Sharpness from near to far is controlled by what?
Incident light meter
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
Aperture
Add red

6. Why is depth of field greater on a short lens versus a long lens?
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker

7. What is a thyristor?
Infrared
Yellow
aperture diameter
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.

8. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very light toned scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
Parallax
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
Reflected light meter

9. Color systems divide all colors into which three measurements?
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
Follow focus

10. What are luminance and illuminance?
Black (0)
aperture diameter
Metadata
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)

11. Going clockwise around the color wheel - starting with RED - what is the progression of colors?
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
Shutter-priority

12. According to the rule of thirds - where should the important parts of an image fall?
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
Actual Pixel view

13. What is the effect of front lighting?
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
Add red
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
All colors

14. A tall vertical line on the right hand edge of a histogram indicates what?
Blown highlights
Aperture
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.

15. Instead of permanently altering your image when adjusting for color and value - what should you do?
Use and adjustment layer
The amount of information contained in each pixel
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
Aperture-Priority

16. What are IPTC fields used for?
A new layer
Cyan
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
A high contrast image

17. An image made of pixels is sometimes called what?
A raster image
Additive (R - G - B)
Shutter speed & aperture
In the middle

18. How much resolution do you need for: Internet? Newspaper? Photographic print? Glossy magazine?
The amount of information contained in each pixel
One stop
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
ISO

19. What is a Bit?
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
Broad lighting
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.

20. In short lighting - where is the main light placed?
A RAW file that has been altered
All colors
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.

21. To emphasize texture in a portrait - what kind of light source is recommended?
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
256
Small light source at an angle to the subject
stopped down

22. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the aperture and the camera sets the shutter speed - what mode are you working in?
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
Aperture-priority
Small light source at an angle to the subject
All colors

23. What angle of view does an incident meter read?
Very wide at about 180 degrees
Reflected light meter
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
lens-to-subject distance

24. If an image is too magenta - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
The difference between light and dark.
Add green
Lasso tool
flat - low contrast light

25. What is the name of the technique used to make a monitor look like what you will see on your print?
Additive (R - G - B)
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Soft proofing
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.

26. Most modern lenses are based on this kind of lens.
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
Aperture-priority
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
Convex

27. If an image is too blue - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Lasso tool
Because you can move in close to the subject
Add yellow
Variations command

28. To minimize facial wrinkles - this type of lighting is best.
Add magenta
Small light source at an angle to the subject
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
Front lighting

29. What is the CCD or CMOS sensor?

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30. What are the effects of top lighting?
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
JPEG
ISO
Actual Pixel view

31. What is a flag?
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
A raster image
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
Infrared

32. A lens with a very wide angle of view and produces barrel distortion is what kind of lens?
Fisheye
Cyan
1/250th
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.

33. In the 20th century - black & white photographers used the Zone system to tame excessive contrast. Now - digital photographers use what?
Follow focus
Use and adjustment layer
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
High Dynamic Range

34. What are the three main factors that affect depth of field?
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
Front lighting
Additive (R - G - B)
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.

35. If an image is too red - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Small light source at an angle to the subject
Levels adjustment
Add cyan
Because you can move in close to the subject

36. Whenever another image is copied or moved into a file - Photoshop automatically creates what?
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
A new layer
Very wide at about 180 degrees
Add red

37. If an image is too cyan - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Add red
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
Hue - Luminance - Saturation

38. What is a color profile?
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
Aperture-priority
Hue - Luminance - Saturation

39. What is a BYTE?
Shutter speed & aperture
Aperture and shutter
3:1 or 4:1
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.

40. What does side lighting emphasize?
8 bits
emphasizes textures
In the middle
Dynamic range

41. The histogram of a properly exposed grey card will show a vertical bar where on the histogram?
3:1 or 4:1
Dynamic range
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
In the middle

42. What would you use an ICC profile for?
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
Add magenta
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
Aperture-priority

43. What kind of lighting pattern places the key light directly in front of and higher than the face?
Small light source at an angle to the subject
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
Blown highlights
Butterfly lighting

44. What do TTL systems react to?
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
Convex

45. This kind of meter is preferred by photographers working in a studio situation where lighting conditions can be altered.
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
Short lighting.
Incident light meter
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.

46. What kind of lighting patter is useful to narrow a face?
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
Short lighting
ISO
Blue & Green

47. What is an element and where is it found?
Front lighting
flat - low contrast light
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
Yellow

48. What is a derivative file?
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
The impression human vision gives
A RAW file that has been altered
Additive (R - G - B)

49. Why does a short lens create wide-angle distortion?
Lasso tool
RAID system
Because you can move in close to the subject
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor

50. What angle should a polarizing filter be to the sun for best results?
A mirror and pentaprism
Total number of pixels
5000K
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.