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Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the effects of high side lighting?
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.

2. What is the name of the issue that prevents you from seeing exactly what the lens sees when using a rangefinder camera?
Zoom lens
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
Parallax
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically

3. A ring of thin - overlapping leaves located inside the lens is called what?
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
Glossy paper
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.

4. What angle should a polarizing filter be to the sun for best results?
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
Levels adjustment
A RAW file that has been altered
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.

5. The quantity of light that reaches your sensor is controlled by what?
emphasizes textures
Shutter speed & aperture
Add blue
Blown highlights

6. What determines what will be a 'normal' focal length lens on a particular camera?
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
Add magenta
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject

7. What color is between Magenta and Cyan on the color wheel?
Lasso tool
Blue
High Dynamic Range
5000K

8. This stores electronic images captured in a digital camera until they can be transferred to a computer.
Front lighting
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
5 -000 Kelvin
lens-to-subject distance

9. What is the general rule of thumb for the measurement of a 'normal' lens?
Infinity
Yellow
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
Add red

10. Going clockwise around the color wheel - starting with RED - what is the progression of colors?
Glossy paper
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
Infrared

11. What is an element and where is it found?
High Dynamic Range
One stop
Metamerism
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.

12. Name two ways you can increase depth of field (other than changing aperture).
8 stops
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
Follow focus
Aperture-Priority

13. This light modifier can be used to highlight a specific area of the subject.
Add magenta
Very wide at about 180 degrees
One stop
Snoot

14. In the 20th century - black & white photographers used the Zone system to tame excessive contrast. Now - digital photographers use what?
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
All colors
Incident light meter
High Dynamic Range

15. Name 2 ways you can decrease depth of field.
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
Aperture-Priority

16. To emphasize texture in a portrait - what kind of light source is recommended?
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
Small light source at an angle to the subject

17. The histogram of a properly exposed grey card will show a vertical bar where on the histogram?
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
In the middle
The impression human vision gives
Metadata

18. To minimize facial wrinkles - this type of lighting is best.
Front lighting
emphasizes textures
Because you can move in close to the subject
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.

19. According to the rule of thirds - where should the important parts of an image fall?
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
Additive (R - G - B)

20. What is a Bit?
Add magenta
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.

21. Sharpness from near to far is controlled by what?
Because you can move in close to the subject
Aperture
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
The amount of information contained in each pixel

22. What image adjustment tool uses a histogram display to alter an image?
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
Levels adjustment
Aperture-Priority
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.

23. What are the three main factors that affect depth of field?
Broad lighting
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
sRGB
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.

24. What color is opposite Green on the color wheel?
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
Magenta
Yellow
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed

25. The greatest tonal range from black to white is achievable on what kind of paper?
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
Glossy paper
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.

26. An incident-exposure reading for a fair-skinned subject reads f/8 - 1/125th at 100 ISO. The next subject is very dark skinned. What is the proper exposure for the second subject?

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27. How does 'unsharp mask' work?
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
Add magenta
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.

28. In short lighting - where is the main light placed?
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
sRGB

29. What do the bars on the right of a histogram represent?
Cyan
One stop
White (255)
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.

30. Whenever another image is copied or moved into a file - Photoshop automatically creates what?
A new layer
All colors
Magenta
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject

31. If your print will be viewed mostly under window light - what is the suggested Kelvin temperature of the lights you should use to evaluate your print?
The difference between light and dark.
5000K
1/250th
Zoom lens

32. Daylight is approximately what color temperature?
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
5 -000 Kelvin

33. This kind of meter is preferred by photographers working in a studio situation where lighting conditions can be altered.
Broad lighting
Incident light meter
Additive (R - G - B)
Fisheye

34. What are quad- and hex- tone printing?
A high contrast image
Metadata
Incident light meter
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast

35. What angle of view does a spot meter read?
1 or 2
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree

36. This kind of lens has a variable focal length.
Zoom lens
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
Shutter speed & aperture
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject

37. What is a color profile?
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
Add yellow
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Dynamic range

38. A color image with smooth gradiations requires at least what bit depth?
The impression human vision gives
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
Total number of pixels

39. What do the bars on the left of a histogram represent?
Glossy paper
A change in illumination
Small light source at an angle to the subject
Black (0)

40. What is the term used to describe data contained in a digital image?
Blue & Green
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
International Organization for Standardization
Metadata

41. What are IPTC fields used for?
256
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
Glossy paper
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.

42. When the additive primaries are mixed together equally - what is created?
Broad lighting
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi

43. Tungsten is approximately what color temperature?
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
3200 Kelvin
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
1/250th

44. What light source has the highest color temperature?
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
Actual Pixel view
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
It increases

45. The area of acceptable sharpness in an image is called what?
Bit
Depth of field
Add blue
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.

46. The amount of motion blur in an image will increase if you do what?
sensor
Aperture-Priority
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
Infrared

47. Panning does what?
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
The sensor's sensitivity to light
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image

48. A filter with a factor of 2 requires how many stops of compensation?

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49. What does a neutral density filter do?
5 -000 Kelvin
It increases
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.

50. Contrast measures what in a print?
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
The difference between light and dark.
Aperture
aperture diameter

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