Test your basic knowledge |

Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Maximum depth of field at a given aperture is achieved by focusing at what?
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
aperture diameter
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.

2. How much resolution do you need for: Internet? Newspaper? Photographic print? Glossy magazine?
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
JPEG
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject

3. What are the three main factors that affect depth of field?
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
Add green
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card

4. A lens set at f/4 admits how much more/less light than one set at f/2.8?
Half as much light
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
Add green
sRGB

5. How is brightness and contrast best controlled in Photoshop?
Metamerism
Shutter-priority
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
Levels adjustment

6. What kind of lighting patter is useful to narrow a face?
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
Short lighting
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
White (255)

7. In the 20th century - black & white photographers used the Zone system to tame excessive contrast. Now - digital photographers use what?
High Dynamic Range
Add red
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
The amount of information contained in each pixel

8. Panning does what?
Aperture-priority
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
Infinity
9

9. How does 'unsharp mask' work?
Blue
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
5 -000 Kelvin
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.

10. An incident-exposure reading for a fair-skinned subject reads f/8 - 1/125th at 100 ISO. The next subject is very dark skinned. What is the proper exposure for the second subject?

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11. A general purpose lens will provide an f-stop range of up to how many?
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
Magenta
Shutter-Priority
8 stops

12. What is an element and where is it found?
Shutter-Priority
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
Contrast
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.

13. The term to describe the combination of aperture and shutter speed that can be changed by moving them in opposite directions.
Zoom lens
Fair Use
Reciprocal relationship
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.

14. Most modern lenses are based on this kind of lens.
Zoom lens
Convex
ISO
Aperture and shutter

15. 8 bits per pixel gives you how many colors?
256
A mirror and pentaprism
Actual Pixel view
Aperture and shutter

16. Why does a short lens create wide-angle distortion?
aperture diameter
Fisheye
Because you can move in close to the subject
In the middle

17. What angle of view does a reflected light meter read?
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)

18. In a curves adjustment layer - what does the shape of the curve indicate?
Because you can move in close to the subject
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
Contrast
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.

19. Going clockwise around the color wheel - starting with RED - what is the progression of colors?
Snoot
1 1/3 stops
Aperture and shutter
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta

20. A normal (or standard) focal length lens approximates what?
The impression human vision gives
Add magenta
lens-to-subject distance
The difference between light and dark.

21. A ring of thin - overlapping leaves located inside the lens is called what?
Broad lighting
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.

22. The useable exposure range of a sensor - or the range of subject brightness is called what?
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject

23. Printers use how many bits per channel of information when printing?
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
A high contrast image
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
8 bits

24. What are IPTC fields used for?
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
Total number of pixels

25. What two controls adjust the amount of light that reaches the sensor?
Aperture and shutter
Cyan
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."

26. The smallest unit of digital information is called a what?
Aperture-priority
Total number of pixels
Blue & Green
Bit

27. When the subtractive primaries are added together equally - what is created?
Selecting portions of the image based on color
Follow focus
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan

28. What is a BYTE?
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
sRGB
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.

29. How can you change the brightness of the background when using flash?
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
Contrast

30. All objects beyond the closest distance in focus will be sharp when this appears within the DOF scale.
Infinity
Half as much light
A change in illumination
sensor

31. What is gamut?
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.

32. What are quad- and hex- tone printing?
lens-to-subject distance
stopped down
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
In the middle

33. The image transmitted by the lens is recorded by the what?
sensor
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
A high contrast image
Small light source at an angle to the subject

34. What do the bars on the right of a histogram represent?
In the middle
White (255)
Shutter speed & aperture
Metadata

35. What is the usable exposure range - or range of subject brightness called?
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
5000K
The sensor's sensitivity to light
Dynamic range

36. Resolution refers to what?
It increases
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.

37. What kind of lighting pattern places the key light directly in front of and higher than the face?
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
5000K
Butterfly lighting
A mirror and pentaprism

38. What color is opposite Green on the color wheel?
A mirror and pentaprism
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
Butterfly lighting
Magenta

39. What is the term used to describe human's change in perception of a color under different light sources?
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
In the middle
Metamerism
JPEG

40. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very dark scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
emphasizes textures
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
No
1 1/3 stops

41. What is the best color profile for web images?
8 bits
9
sRGB
3:1 or 4:1

42. This type of file format compresses images by discarding pixels; therefore - each time an images is compressed - it loses pixels.
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
Flat lighting
JPEG
In the middle

43. The greatest tonal range from black to white is achievable on what kind of paper?
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
Glossy paper
Half as much light
Lower

44. If an image is too blue - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Add yellow
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
Metamerism
A mirror and pentaprism

45. Instead of permanently altering your image when adjusting for color and value - what should you do?
Use and adjustment layer
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
Aperture and shutter

46. Copyright law has certain built-in exceptions that allow for special situations in using copyrighted material. They are called what?
Metadata
ISO
Fair Use
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.

47. Aperture controls what?
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
Cyan
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
In the middle

48. What is a flag?
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
3:1 or 4:1
aperture diameter
Lower

49. The relative aperture is equal to the lens focal length divided by what?
Parallax
stopped down
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
aperture diameter

50. A tonal correction cannot be accomplished by using a...
Follow focus
The sensor's sensitivity to light
hue/saturation adjustment layer
Subtractive primaries (plus black)