Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What angle of view does a spot meter read?
Small light source at an angle to the subject
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
The brightness of all the pixels in an image


2. The term "ISO speed" is used to describe what?


3. What is the optical resolution on a scanner defined as?
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
Glossy paper
Additive (R - G - B)


4. When doing close-up work - what happens to the depth of field when the subject is closer to the lens?
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
Blue
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree


5. Color systems divide all colors into which three measurements?
Levels adjustment
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
Blue


6. The relative aperture is equal to the lens focal length divided by what?
Because you can move in close to the subject
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
aperture diameter


7. What are the effects of high side lighting?
Lasso tool
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.


8. What color is opposite Red on the color wheel?
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
Cyan
256


9. The amount of motion blur in an image will increase if you do what?
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image


10. How can you change the brightness of the background when using flash?
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
Cyan
Small light source at an angle to the subject
One stop less


11. According to the rule of thirds - where should the important parts of an image fall?
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
Aperture-Priority
Fisheye
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.


12. Generally - how much exposure compensation (in stops) should be used when using a polarizing filter?
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
1 1/3 stops
One stop less


13. The term "ISO speed" is used to describe what?


14. What is dodging?
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
1 or 2
emphasizes textures


15. What are quad- and hex- tone printing?
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)


16. What determines what will be a 'normal' focal length lens on a particular camera?
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
A new layer
Because you can move in close to the subject
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)


17. A filter with a factor of 2 requires how many stops of compensation?


18. When the subtractive primaries are added together equally - what is created?
The amount of information contained in each pixel
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
Selecting portions of the image based on color
Aperture-priority


19. A general purpose lens will provide an f-stop range of up to how many?
8 stops
Metadata
Aperture and shutter
Zoom lens


20. This stores electronic images captured in a digital camera until they can be transferred to a computer.
ISO
Total number of pixels
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card


21. What is the suggested shutter speed to stop action of a child running parallel to the film plan - about 25 feet from the camera?
1/250th
Fair Use
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
Yellow


22. An 8x10 at 240 dpi will have a resolution of what?
256
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
Levels adjustment
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).


23. This light modifier can be used to highlight a specific area of the subject.
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
Snoot
Aperture-Priority
Add red


24. The quantity of light that reaches your sensor is controlled by what?
Yellow
Blue
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Shutter speed & aperture


25. How does 'unsharp mask' work?
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
Add cyan
One stop


26. What does "photomacrograph" or "macrophotograph" mean?
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
Dynamic range


27. What kind of lighting patter is useful to narrow a face?
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
Shutter speed & aperture
Follow focus
Short lighting


28. Bit depth refers to what?
A change in illumination
Follow focus
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
The amount of information contained in each pixel


29. What is interpolated resolution?
Actual Pixel view
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject


30. When mixed in varying proportion - the subtractive primary colors produce what?
All colors
Aperture-priority
Contrast
1/250th


31. How much resolution do you need for: Internet? Newspaper? Photographic print? Glossy magazine?
Aperture-priority
Fisheye
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
Subtractive primaries (plus black)


32. What is the usable exposure range - or range of subject brightness called?
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
One stop
A mirror and pentaprism
Dynamic range


33. A normal (or standard) focal length lens approximates what?
Reciprocal relationship
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
The impression human vision gives


34. A lens set at f/4 admits how much more/less light than one set at f/2.8?
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
Selecting portions of the image based on color
Add blue
Half as much light


35. An SLR camera uses what to allow you to see exactly what you'll photograph?
5000K
A mirror and pentaprism
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
8 bits


36. Tungsten is approximately what color temperature?
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
3200 Kelvin
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
Add green


37. As the aperture becomes smaller - what happens to the depth of field?
Shutter-Priority
Parallax
It increases
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.


38. What is the term used to describe data contained in a digital image?
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
Metadata


39. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very light toned scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
Actual Pixel view


40. Perspective is affected by what?
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
Total number of pixels
lens-to-subject distance
RAID system


41. Most lenses are sharpest closed down to how many stops from the widest?
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
1 or 2
Actual Pixel view


42. What Photoshop tool allows you to select an area of any size or shape by drawing freehand?
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
Lasso tool
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin


43. What do TTL systems react to?
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Infinity
High Dynamic Range
Use and adjustment layer


44. What kind of meter is built in to most cameras?
Reflected light meter
3:1 or 4:1
sRGB
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)


45. In a digital image - the images file sizes corresponds to the total number of what in the image?
Total number of pixels
The sensor's sensitivity to light
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
hue/saturation adjustment layer


46. What two controls adjust the amount of light that reaches the sensor?
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
A high contrast image
Aperture and shutter
Short lighting.


47. Name two ways you can increase depth of field (other than changing aperture).
Shutter-Priority
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
emphasizes textures
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.


48. In the 20th century - black & white photographers used the Zone system to tame excessive contrast. Now - digital photographers use what?
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
Blue & Green
High Dynamic Range
Broad lighting


49. when adjusting an image with levels - if you want to make any color neutral quickly - what would you do?
Levels adjustment
1 or 2
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.


50. Copyright law has certain built-in exceptions that allow for special situations in using copyrighted material. They are called what?
Lasso tool
Fair Use
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Very wide at about 180 degrees