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Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Most modern lenses are based on this kind of lens.
Convex
Reciprocal relationship
Blown highlights
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.

2. Bit depth refers to what?
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.
The amount of information contained in each pixel
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
A new layer

3. Stopping a lens down from f/8 to f/16 represents a X stop difference.
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
hue/saturation adjustment layer
Soft proofing

4. What image adjustment tool uses a histogram display to alter an image?
Levels adjustment
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
No
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.

5. If an image is too yellow - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Front lighting
Butterfly lighting
Add blue
Add red

6. The amount of motion blur in an image will increase if you do what?
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
Flat lighting

7. Digital cameras use what set of primary colors?
Additive (R - G - B)
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
1 or 2
The difference between light and dark.

8. What do the bars on the left of a histogram represent?
Black (0)
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
Aperture
Blue & Green

9. What does side lighting emphasize?
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
Half as much light
emphasizes textures
Depth of field

10. In a 2:1 ratio - the shadow side of the subject would meter at X stop(s) less than the highlight side.
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
flat - low contrast light
aperture diameter
One stop less

11. In a digital image - the images file sizes corresponds to the total number of what in the image?
A mirror and pentaprism
Short lighting.
Total number of pixels
Add blue

12. What is dodging?
Soft proofing
1/250th
Total number of pixels
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area

13. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very light toned scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
High Dynamic Range
Fisheye
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)

14. What do the bars on the right of a histogram represent?
Yellow
White (255)
The amount of information contained in each pixel
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card

15. A histogram with peaks on either end of the histogram and a deep valley in between represents what?
A high contrast image
ISO
Fisheye
Fair Use

16. This type of backup system is fault-tolerant because it creates redundant data.
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
Dynamic range
RAID system
White (255)

17. What Photoshop tool allows you to select an area of any size or shape by drawing freehand?
Lasso tool
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
four times more
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.

18. A normal (or standard) focal length lens approximates what?
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
The impression human vision gives
Lasso tool
The brightness of all the pixels in an image

19. What would you use an ICC profile for?
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.

20. How much resolution do you need for: Internet? Newspaper? Photographic print? Glossy magazine?
Incident light meter
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.

21. What is the name of the issue that prevents you from seeing exactly what the lens sees when using a rangefinder camera?
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
It increases
Parallax
Fisheye

22. Printers use how many bits per channel of information when printing?
8 bits
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
Aperture-priority

23. When the size of the aperture is decreased - it is said to be what?
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
A RAW file that has been altered
Add red
stopped down

24. This light modifier can be used to highlight a specific area of the subject.
The sensor's sensitivity to light
Snoot
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
Metamerism

25. A histogram shows what in an image?
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
Parallax
Blown highlights

26. Color systems divide all colors into which three measurements?
Aperture-Priority
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
Follow focus

27. A ring of thin - overlapping leaves located inside the lens is called what?
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
RAID system
The impression human vision gives

28. If an image is too red - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
Convex
Reciprocal relationship
Add cyan

29. What kind of lighting pattern places the key light directly in front of and higher than the face?
Lasso tool
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
Depth of field
Butterfly lighting

30. Name 2 ways you can decrease depth of field.
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
Aperture

31. How does 'unsharp mask' work?
5 -000 Kelvin
Short lighting
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.

32. What is the inverse square law?
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
stopped down
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.

33. Convex lenses cause light rays to do what?
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
Because you can move in close to the subject

34. Contrast measures what in a print?
A raster image
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
The difference between light and dark.
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)

35. A tall vertical line on the right hand edge of a histogram indicates what?
3200 Kelvin
1/250th
Magenta
Blown highlights

36. Focal length controls what?
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
One stop less
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor

37. What is the CCD or CMOS sensor?

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38. When the additive primaries are mixed together equally - what is created?
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
8 bits
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)

39. How can you change the brightness of the background when using flash?
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.

40. What two controls adjust the amount of light that reaches the sensor?
Aperture and shutter
Bit
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
Short lighting.

41. Tungsten is approximately what color temperature?
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
3200 Kelvin
Metamerism
A RAW file that has been altered

42. The area of acceptable sharpness in an image is called what?
Depth of field
aperture diameter
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
Shutter-priority

43. What is a BYTE?
Blue
Flat lighting
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.

44. According to the rule of thirds - where should the important parts of an image fall?
One stop
Snoot
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically

45. Generally - how much exposure compensation (in stops) should be used when using a polarizing filter?
Add yellow
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
1 1/3 stops

46. What kind of film can help reduce haze in a landscape?
JPEG
Add green
Contrast
Infrared

47. An image made of pixels is sometimes called what?
Selecting portions of the image based on color
A raster image
Butterfly lighting
Additive (R - G - B)

48. This type of file format compresses images by discarding pixels; therefore - each time an images is compressed - it loses pixels.
Reciprocal relationship
8 stops
JPEG
Use and adjustment layer

49. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very dark scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
hue/saturation adjustment layer
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
Follow focus
1/250th

50. Maximum depth of field at a given aperture is achieved by focusing at what?
A raster image
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker

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