Test your basic knowledge |

Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The image transmitted by the lens is recorded by the what?
sensor
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
Lasso tool
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.

2. If an image is too magenta - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Contrast
A high contrast image
Add green

3. Cyan is composed of equal parts of what two colors?
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
1/250th
3:1 or 4:1
Blue & Green

4. If your print will be viewed mostly under window light - what is the suggested Kelvin temperature of the lights you should use to evaluate your print?
Magenta
Variations command
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
5000K

5. What does "photomacrograph" or "macrophotograph" mean?
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
Lower
Shutter-priority
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.

6. A color image with smooth gradiations requires at least what bit depth?
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)

7. What is burning?
Short lighting.
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)

8. The smallest unit of digital information is called a what?
Bit
Shutter-Priority
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.

9. When doing close-up work - what happens to the depth of field when the subject is closer to the lens?
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
The sensor's sensitivity to light
It increases

10. What is the suggested shutter speed to stop action of a child running parallel to the film plan - about 25 feet from the camera?
1/250th
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
lens-to-subject distance
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.

11. 8 bits per pixel gives you how many colors?
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
256
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.

12. If an image is too green - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
Aperture
Add magenta
Incident light meter

13. What is the CCD or CMOS sensor?

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14. What is the name of the issue that prevents you from seeing exactly what the lens sees when using a rangefinder camera?
Add cyan
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
Parallax
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.

15. How can you change the brightness of the background when using flash?
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan

16. What is the optical resolution on a scanner defined as?
Bit
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
A new layer
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view

17. What are the effects of top lighting?
Add blue
Metadata
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
5 -000 Kelvin

18. Perspective is affected by what?
lens-to-subject distance
High Dynamic Range
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker

19. What is the term used to describe data contained in a digital image?
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
Metadata
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
Total number of pixels

20. This light modifier can be used to highlight a specific area of the subject.
A change in illumination
Snoot
One stop less
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.

21. What kind of meter is built in to most cameras?
Levels adjustment
Reflected light meter
hue/saturation adjustment layer
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view

22. What angle of view does an incident meter read?
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
Very wide at about 180 degrees
The impression human vision gives

23. What does the term "stop" mean?
A change in illumination
One stop less
White (255)
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.

24. How would you define exposure in mathematical terms?
White (255)
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
3200 Kelvin

25. If an image is too red - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Add cyan
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
High Dynamic Range
Small light source at an angle to the subject

26. When mixed in varying proportion - the subtractive primary colors produce what?
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
All colors

27. The useable exposure range of a sensor - or the range of subject brightness is called what?
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
8 bits
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)

28. Using this kind of automatic exposure setting on the camera - you set the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture.
A RAW file that has been altered
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
Shutter-Priority
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color

29. when adjusting an image with levels - if you want to make any color neutral quickly - what would you do?
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
Aperture
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)

30. A technique used to maintain sharp focus on a subject that is moving toward you is called what?
A raster image
Follow focus
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor

31. A filter with a factor of 2 requires how many stops of compensation?

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32. The greatest tonal range from black to white is achievable on what kind of paper?
Glossy paper
Dynamic range
Shutter speed & aperture
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)

33. A histogram with peaks on either end of the histogram and a deep valley in between represents what?
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
Soft proofing
A high contrast image
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)

34. A tall vertical line on the right hand edge of a histogram indicates what?
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
Add magenta
Blown highlights
Cyan

35. The term "ISO speed" is used to describe what?

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36. Name 2 ways you can decrease depth of field.
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
Magenta
Selecting portions of the image based on color

37. What kind of lighting pattern places the key light directly in front of and higher than the face?
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Depth of field
Butterfly lighting

38. In a 2:1 ratio - the shadow side of the subject would meter at X stop(s) less than the highlight side.
Butterfly lighting
One stop less
Contrast
Fisheye

39. In short lighting - where is the main light placed?
four times more
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
All colors
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view

40. When the subtractive primaries are added together equally - what is created?
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
Snoot
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.

41. What is gamut?
Fisheye
Add cyan
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.

42. What do the bars on the right of a histogram represent?
Because you can move in close to the subject
White (255)
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.

43. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very light toned scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
Follow focus
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area

44. The relative aperture is equal to the lens focal length divided by what?
Actual Pixel view
aperture diameter
Short lighting.
Incident light meter

45. An SLR camera uses what to allow you to see exactly what you'll photograph?
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
A mirror and pentaprism
One stop
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.

46. A magic wand tool is used for what?
Very wide at about 180 degrees
Add red
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
Selecting portions of the image based on color

47. What would you use an ICC profile for?
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically

48. When buying a lens hood - you should get it in what size relative to the lens?

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49. When the size of the aperture is decreased - it is said to be what?
stopped down
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin

50. A 1:1 lighting ratio produces what lighting result?
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
lens-to-subject distance
Flat lighting
1 1/3 stops