Test your basic knowledge |

Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the effects of high side lighting?
Shutter speed & aperture
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan

2. What do the bars on the left of a histogram represent?
Fisheye
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
Black (0)
RAID system

3. What angle of view does an incident meter read?
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
Very wide at about 180 degrees

4. According to the rule of thirds - where should the important parts of an image fall?
The difference between light and dark.
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
hue/saturation adjustment layer

5. A normal (or standard) focal length lens approximates what?
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
The impression human vision gives
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
Blue

6. Generally - traditional portraits use what lighting ratio?
3:1 or 4:1
Cyan
White (255)
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view

7. What color is opposite Green on the color wheel?
Magenta
Blue
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
Levels adjustment

8. Copyright law has certain built-in exceptions that allow for special situations in using copyrighted material. They are called what?
1 1/3 stops
Fair Use
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
Blown highlights

9. This type of file format compresses images by discarding pixels; therefore - each time an images is compressed - it loses pixels.
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
JPEG
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject

10. A magic wand tool is used for what?
Short lighting
The amount of information contained in each pixel
Selecting portions of the image based on color
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.

11. Cyan is composed of equal parts of what two colors?
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
Blue & Green
Contrast
Infrared

12. What is an element and where is it found?
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
Depth of field
3:1 or 4:1

13. Name two ways you can increase depth of field (other than changing aperture).
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
hue/saturation adjustment layer
Very wide at about 180 degrees
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.

14. Blue is opposite what color on the color wheel?
Because you can move in close to the subject
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
Yellow
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.

15. What do the bars on the right of a histogram represent?
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
The sensor's sensitivity to light
White (255)

16. If an image is too green - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Add magenta
Convex
sensor
Shutter speed & aperture

17. Resolution refers to what?
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area

18. Focal length controls what?
High Dynamic Range
Add yellow
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
8 stops

19. What is a derivative file?
3200 Kelvin
Incident light meter
A RAW file that has been altered
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors

20. Sharpness from near to far is controlled by what?
Blue
Aperture
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.

21. What image adjustment tool uses a histogram display to alter an image?
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
Levels adjustment
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.

22. When doing close-up work - what happens to the depth of field when the subject is closer to the lens?
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
1/250th
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.

23. What kind of lighting pattern is useful to widen a subject?
Small light source at an angle to the subject
Levels adjustment
Broad lighting
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.

24. What is gamut?
Half as much light
3200 Kelvin
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.

25. What kind of lighting pattern is best for average oval faces and round faces you want to slim?
A change in illumination
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
Short lighting.
Reflected light meter

26. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very light toned scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.

27. Stopping a lens down from f/8 to f/16 represents a X stop difference.
Soft proofing
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
emphasizes textures
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.

28. A tonal correction cannot be accomplished by using a...
hue/saturation adjustment layer
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
Add red

29. When the subtractive primaries are added together equally - what is created?
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Aperture and shutter
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
Fisheye

30. Generally - how much exposure compensation (in stops) should be used when using a polarizing filter?
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
One stop
1 1/3 stops

31. An incident-exposure reading for a fair-skinned subject reads f/8 - 1/125th at 100 ISO. The next subject is very dark skinned. What is the proper exposure for the second subject?

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32. What is the inverse square law?
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
aperture diameter
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
Black (0)

33. Name 2 ways you can decrease depth of field.
Glossy paper
International Organization for Standardization
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color

34. A color image with smooth gradiations requires at least what bit depth?
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
Short lighting

35. What is the term used to describe data contained in a digital image?
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
The amount of information contained in each pixel
Metadata
Cyan

36. Printers use how many bits per channel of information when printing?
8 bits
White (255)
The amount of information contained in each pixel
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures

37. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture - what mode are you working in?
Broad lighting
1 or 2
Shutter-priority
No

38. An 8x10 at 240 dpi will have a resolution of what?
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
Add blue
White (255)
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors

39. This light modifier can be used to highlight a specific area of the subject.
Very wide at about 180 degrees
Add red
Snoot
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta

40. If an image is too yellow - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
Contrast
Zoom lens
Add blue

41. In short lighting - where is the main light placed?
Butterfly lighting
The impression human vision gives
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background

42. The useable exposure range of a sensor - or the range of subject brightness is called what?
Depth of field
256
9
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)

43. What angle of view does a spot meter read?
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
Parallax
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.

44. How does 'unsharp mask' work?
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
Blown highlights
Lasso tool
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan

45. What is the best color profile for web images?
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Bit
Convex
sRGB

46. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the aperture and the camera sets the shutter speed - what mode are you working in?
Aperture-priority
Add yellow
Fair Use
Lower

47. A filter with a factor of 2 requires how many stops of compensation?

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48. As the aperture is stopped down - what happens to sharpness?
1/250th
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
A mirror and pentaprism

49. In a 2:1 ratio - the shadow side of the subject would meter at X stop(s) less than the highlight side.
Use and adjustment layer
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
stopped down
One stop less

50. What is burning?
8 stops
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
Fisheye
Blown highlights