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Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What angle of view does a spot meter read?
emphasizes textures
Blown highlights
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
5 -000 Kelvin

2. What is a color profile?
Cyan
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.

3. A filter with a factor of 2 requires how many stops of compensation?

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4. Aperture controls what?
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
Aperture-Priority
Contrast
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area

5. The smallest unit of digital information is called a what?
Follow focus
Half as much light
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
Bit

6. Name 3 ways to make a tonal adjustment in Photoshop.
White (255)
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
Yellow

7. In a 2:1 ratio - the shadow side of the subject would meter at X stop(s) less than the highlight side.
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
One stop less
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.

8. What are luminance and illuminance?
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
Shutter speed & aperture
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)

9. Generally - traditional portraits use what lighting ratio?
5000K
3:1 or 4:1
Lasso tool
1 or 2

10. What do the bars on the right of a histogram represent?
A change in illumination
A mirror and pentaprism
White (255)
The amount of information contained in each pixel

11. What color is opposite Green on the color wheel?
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
3200 Kelvin
Magenta
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.

12. What kind of light will be produced when using a large white umbrella close to a subject?
Convex
Small light source at an angle to the subject
flat - low contrast light
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.

13. What kind of lighting pattern is best for average oval faces and round faces you want to slim?
Cyan
Short lighting.
Aperture-priority
sRGB

14. All objects beyond the closest distance in focus will be sharp when this appears within the DOF scale.
Infinity
Blue
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
Levels adjustment

15. How can you change the brightness of the background when using flash?
Infrared
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
Actual Pixel view

16. How much resolution do you need for: Internet? Newspaper? Photographic print? Glossy magazine?
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
A change in illumination
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan

17. The quantity of light that reaches your sensor is controlled by what?
Shutter speed & aperture
Infrared
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
Levels adjustment

18. An image made of pixels is sometimes called what?
A raster image
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
All colors
Add green

19. What is the term used to describe data contained in a digital image?
Metadata
Levels adjustment
Black (0)
sensor

20. This viewing option gives you the most accurate version of your image in Photoshop.
Actual Pixel view
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
1 1/3 stops
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.

21. What is interpolated resolution?
Butterfly lighting
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
Dynamic range
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.

22. In the 20th century - black & white photographers used the Zone system to tame excessive contrast. Now - digital photographers use what?
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Aperture and shutter
High Dynamic Range
hue/saturation adjustment layer

23. If an image is too magenta - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
Add green
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
The brightness of all the pixels in an image

24. Focal length controls what?
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
Half as much light
RAID system
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view

25. What image adjustment tool uses a histogram display to alter an image?
Aperture
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
Levels adjustment
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast

26. When the subtractive primaries are added together equally - what is created?
9
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin

27. Resolution refers to what?
One stop
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
Short lighting.

28. The greatest tonal range from black to white is achievable on what kind of paper?
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
Glossy paper
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.

29. Color systems divide all colors into which three measurements?
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
Hue - Luminance - Saturation

30. What is the general rule of thumb for the measurement of a 'normal' lens?
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
Reciprocal relationship
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.

31. A normal (or standard) focal length lens approximates what?
Front lighting
The impression human vision gives
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)

32. What is focal length - technically?
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
Use and adjustment layer
A new layer
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.

33. A magic wand tool is used for what?
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
Selecting portions of the image based on color
Half as much light
International Organization for Standardization

34. A technique used to maintain sharp focus on a subject that is moving toward you is called what?
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
Follow focus
Total number of pixels

35. If an image is too yellow - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Add blue
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
One stop
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast

36. The useable exposure range of a sensor - or the range of subject brightness is called what?
3:1 or 4:1
3200 Kelvin
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
Contrast

37. What do TTL systems react to?
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Infrared
1 1/3 stops
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta

38. When buying a lens hood - you should get it in what size relative to the lens?

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39. This kind of lens has a variable focal length.
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
It increases
four times more
Zoom lens

40. This type of backup system is fault-tolerant because it creates redundant data.
RAID system
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
Lasso tool

41. This kind of meter is preferred by photographers working in a studio situation where lighting conditions can be altered.
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
Incident light meter

42. A general purpose lens will provide an f-stop range of up to how many?
All colors
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
8 stops
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.

43. If an image is too blue - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Add yellow
1 1/3 stops
Use and adjustment layer
Bit

44. What Photoshop tool allows you to select an area of any size or shape by drawing freehand?
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
Lasso tool
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.

45. What is the inverse square law?
All colors
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
Levels adjustment

46. Cyan is composed of equal parts of what two colors?
Aperture-priority
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
The sensor's sensitivity to light
Blue & Green

47. This light modifier can be used to highlight a specific area of the subject.
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
Snoot
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
RAID system

48. To minimize facial wrinkles - this type of lighting is best.
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
Front lighting
8 bits

49. What light source has the highest color temperature?
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.
Contrast

50. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very light toned scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
5 -000 Kelvin
A high contrast image
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi

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