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Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. In the 20th century - black & white photographers used the Zone system to tame excessive contrast. Now - digital photographers use what?
Levels adjustment
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
High Dynamic Range
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).

2. A normal (or standard) focal length lens approximates what?
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
The impression human vision gives

3. A filter with a factor of 2 requires how many stops of compensation?

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4. A histogram with peaks on either end of the histogram and a deep valley in between represents what?
Snoot
A high contrast image
3200 Kelvin
All colors

5. The area of acceptable sharpness in an image is called what?
Depth of field
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
Actual Pixel view

6. What color is opposite Green on the color wheel?
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
Magenta
Fisheye
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)

7. When the additive primaries are mixed together equally - what is created?
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
A change in illumination
Add yellow
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color

8. Daylight is approximately what color temperature?
5 -000 Kelvin
Levels adjustment
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
Blue & Green

9. What kind of meter is built in to most cameras?
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
Reflected light meter
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
Shutter-Priority

10. Resolution refers to what?
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
Reflected light meter

11. The greatest tonal range from black to white is achievable on what kind of paper?
flat - low contrast light
emphasizes textures
Glossy paper
The brightness of all the pixels in an image

12. The term to describe the combination of aperture and shutter speed that can be changed by moving them in opposite directions.
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Add magenta
Reciprocal relationship
RAID system

13. What kind of lighting pattern is best for average oval faces and round faces you want to slim?
Follow focus
aperture diameter
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Short lighting.

14. What kind of lighting pattern is useful to widen a subject?
Broad lighting
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
Parallax

15. This type of backup system is fault-tolerant because it creates redundant data.
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
5 -000 Kelvin
RAID system
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).

16. What does a neutral density filter do?
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.

17. Cyan is composed of equal parts of what two colors?
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
JPEG
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
Blue & Green

18. When buying a lens hood - you should get it in what size relative to the lens?

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19. What is an element and where is it found?
Lasso tool
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
Reciprocal relationship
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.

20. What is the CCD or CMOS sensor?

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21. Name 3 ways to make a tonal adjustment in Photoshop.
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
1 or 2
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
Black (0)

22. What is focal length - technically?
A change in illumination
RAID system
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment

23. What kind of lighting patter is useful to narrow a face?
Levels adjustment
Short lighting
White (255)
International Organization for Standardization

24. What is the effect of front lighting?
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.

25. This stores electronic images captured in a digital camera until they can be transferred to a computer.
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
Use and adjustment layer
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
Aperture

26. What does side lighting emphasize?
Broad lighting
emphasizes textures
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
5 -000 Kelvin

27. A lens with a very wide angle of view and produces barrel distortion is what kind of lens?
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
flat - low contrast light
Fisheye
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject

28. This viewing option gives you the most accurate version of your image in Photoshop.
Add blue
Add green
Actual Pixel view
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.

29. What would you use an ICC profile for?
Zoom lens
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
Metadata

30. What angle of view does an incident meter read?
Very wide at about 180 degrees
Variations command
hue/saturation adjustment layer
Bit

31. What angle of view does a reflected light meter read?
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
3:1 or 4:1
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree

32. When doing close-up work - what happens to the depth of field when the subject is closer to the lens?
Add green
5 -000 Kelvin
Fair Use
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.

33. Whenever another image is copied or moved into a file - Photoshop automatically creates what?
Glossy paper
Use and adjustment layer
A new layer
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)

34. Perspective is affected by what?
Selecting portions of the image based on color
Aperture-priority
lens-to-subject distance
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area

35. Copyright law has certain built-in exceptions that allow for special situations in using copyrighted material. They are called what?
Fair Use
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
sRGB
Short lighting

36. Panning does what?
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
Reflected light meter
Selecting portions of the image based on color

37. What is burning?
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
It increases
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light

38. What is the inverse square law?
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
A new layer

39. The quantity of light that reaches your sensor is controlled by what?
High Dynamic Range
RAID system
Shutter speed & aperture
Because you can move in close to the subject

40. What is the usable exposure range - or range of subject brightness called?
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Small light source at an angle to the subject
Dynamic range
Follow focus

41. What determines what will be a 'normal' focal length lens on a particular camera?
Broad lighting
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
Variations command
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."

42. What is a color profile?
1/250th
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
Flat lighting
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).

43. The term "ISO speed" is used to describe what?

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44. The amount of motion blur in an image will increase if you do what?
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
Blown highlights
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed

45. What does "photomacrograph" or "macrophotograph" mean?
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
Dynamic range
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.

46. What do the bars on the left of a histogram represent?
No
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
1 1/3 stops
Black (0)

47. When mixed in varying proportion - the subtractive primary colors produce what?
Glossy paper
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
All colors
8 bits

48. Most modern lenses are based on this kind of lens.
Flat lighting
Convex
Levels adjustment
The impression human vision gives

49. What light source has the highest color temperature?
Additive (R - G - B)
Contrast
Zoom lens
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin

50. Focal length controls what?
One stop less
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
flat - low contrast light
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view

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Certified Professional Photographer

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