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Certified Professional Photographer

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. Name two ways you can increase depth of field (other than changing aperture).
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
Follow focus
Incident light meter
Aperture

2. What kind of lighting pattern places the key light directly in front of and higher than the face?
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
Butterfly lighting
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
High Dynamic Range

3. How much resolution do you need for: Internet? Newspaper? Photographic print? Glossy magazine?
Levels adjustment
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)

4. What kind of lighting patter is useful to narrow a face?
A change in illumination
Selecting portions of the image based on color
Short lighting
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.

5. What color is between Magenta and Cyan on the color wheel?
Cyan
Blue
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)

6. What does a neutral density filter do?
The sensor's sensitivity to light
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.

7. If an image is too magenta - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Because you can move in close to the subject
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
Half as much light
Add green

8. As the aperture becomes smaller - what happens to the depth of field?
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
It increases
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
Snoot

9. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very light toned scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
Fisheye
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
emphasizes textures
1/250th

10. Name 3 ways to make a tonal adjustment in Photoshop.
Reciprocal relationship
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
Metadata
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment

11. The image transmitted by the lens is recorded by the what?
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
sensor
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
Blue & Green

12. Digital cameras use what set of primary colors?
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
8 stops
Additive (R - G - B)

13. An 8x10 at 240 dpi will have a resolution of what?
Very wide at about 180 degrees
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
8 stops
Variations command

14. What angle of view does a spot meter read?
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
Contrast
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin

15. What does side lighting emphasize?
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
emphasizes textures
In the middle
Metamerism

16. What does the term "stop" mean?
Add magenta
A change in illumination
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.

17. What do the bars on the left of a histogram represent?
Black (0)
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
Add yellow
Infrared

18. Stopping a lens down from f/8 to f/16 represents a X stop difference.
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
3:1 or 4:1
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
Fisheye

19. Instead of permanently altering your image when adjusting for color and value - what should you do?
Use and adjustment layer
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
Broad lighting
Additive (R - G - B)

20. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture - what mode are you working in?
1 1/3 stops
The amount of information contained in each pixel
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
Shutter-priority

21. What are the effects of high side lighting?
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
hue/saturation adjustment layer

22. What is the name of the technique used to make a monitor look like what you will see on your print?
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
Yellow
Soft proofing
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed

23. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very dark scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
four times more
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
sRGB
A raster image

24. Maximum depth of field at a given aperture is achieved by focusing at what?
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
Blown highlights
aperture diameter
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.

25. What Photoshop tool allows you to select an area of any size or shape by drawing freehand?
Total number of pixels
Flat lighting
Lasso tool
Dynamic range

26. What is a flag?
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
aperture diameter
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
Follow focus

27. Using this kind of automatic exposure setting on the camera - you set the aperture and the camera sets the shutter speed.
Fisheye
1/250th
Aperture-Priority
Levels adjustment

28. The area of acceptable sharpness in an image is called what?
Depth of field
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
The impression human vision gives

29. This kind of meter is preferred by photographers working in a studio situation where lighting conditions can be altered.
Incident light meter
9
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)

30. A normal (or standard) focal length lens approximates what?
256
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
emphasizes textures
The impression human vision gives

31. Perspective is affected by what?
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
One stop less
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
lens-to-subject distance

32. A tonal correction cannot be accomplished by using a...
hue/saturation adjustment layer
One stop
Broad lighting
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.

33. What is TTL?
Shutter-Priority
A RAW file that has been altered
Aperture-priority
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.

34. Daylight is approximately what color temperature?
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
Actual Pixel view
5 -000 Kelvin
Add blue

35. When the size of the aperture is decreased - it is said to be what?
It increases
Bit
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
stopped down

36. The useable exposure range of a sensor - or the range of subject brightness is called what?
Snoot
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
Butterfly lighting
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)

37. What is gamut?
Incident light meter
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
Broad lighting
Convex

38. What are the three main factors that affect depth of field?
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
Reciprocal relationship
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
Fair Use

39. What are IPTC fields used for?
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
Yellow
Actual Pixel view

40. 8 bits per pixel gives you how many colors?
256
Front lighting
Shutter-Priority
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card

41. In a 2:1 ratio - the shadow side of the subject would meter at X stop(s) less than the highlight side.
A mirror and pentaprism
One stop less
sRGB
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.

42. What do TTL systems react to?
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
Depth of field
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.

43. If an image is too yellow - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
No
Use and adjustment layer
Add blue
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment

44. The relative aperture is equal to the lens focal length divided by what?
Incident light meter
Fisheye
aperture diameter
RAID system

45. What kind of lighting pattern is best for average oval faces and round faces you want to slim?
Selecting portions of the image based on color
Lasso tool
Short lighting.
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.

46. The term to describe the combination of aperture and shutter speed that can be changed by moving them in opposite directions.
aperture diameter
Reciprocal relationship
The amount of information contained in each pixel
Add blue

47. The term "ISO speed" is used to describe what?

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48. Why is depth of field greater on a short lens versus a long lens?
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
The difference between light and dark.
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
All colors

49. A tall vertical line on the right hand edge of a histogram indicates what?
International Organization for Standardization
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
Blown highlights
Cyan

50. Color systems divide all colors into which three measurements?
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
Levels adjustment
Actual Pixel view

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