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Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. As the aperture becomes smaller - what happens to the depth of field?
International Organization for Standardization
It increases
5 -000 Kelvin
Add green

2. What is focal length - technically?
Contrast
Total number of pixels
Metamerism
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.

3. What is the name of the issue that prevents you from seeing exactly what the lens sees when using a rangefinder camera?
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
High Dynamic Range
Parallax
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)

4. Bit depth refers to what?
Reciprocal relationship
The amount of information contained in each pixel
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
Lower

5. This kind of meter is preferred by photographers working in a studio situation where lighting conditions can be altered.
Incident light meter
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
ISO
It increases

6. If an image is too magenta - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Add green
Use and adjustment layer
A RAW file that has been altered

7. An incident-exposure reading for a fair-skinned subject reads f/8 - 1/125th at 100 ISO. The next subject is very dark skinned. What is the proper exposure for the second subject?

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8. Aperture controls what?
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
1 1/3 stops
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare

9. Using this kind of automatic exposure setting on the camera - you set the aperture and the camera sets the shutter speed.
A mirror and pentaprism
Aperture-Priority
Add red
Short lighting.

10. Blue is opposite what color on the color wheel?
Yellow
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
stopped down

11. What angle should a polarizing filter be to the sun for best results?
sensor
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
Fair Use
aperture diameter

12. Name two ways you can increase depth of field (other than changing aperture).
Shutter-Priority
Reflected light meter
Bit
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject

13. What angle of view does a reflected light meter read?
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Fisheye
Half as much light
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees

14. The quantity of light that reaches your sensor is controlled by what?
Add yellow
Shutter speed & aperture
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
A raster image

15. What kind of film can help reduce haze in a landscape?
Parallax
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
Infrared
lens-to-subject distance

16. when adjusting an image with levels - if you want to make any color neutral quickly - what would you do?
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
Blue & Green
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color

17. Can you save layers in a JPEG file format?
Actual Pixel view
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
No
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.

18. To emphasize texture in a portrait - what kind of light source is recommended?
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
Fisheye
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
Small light source at an angle to the subject

19. A color image with smooth gradiations requires at least what bit depth?
One stop less
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
All colors
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors

20. Going clockwise around the color wheel - starting with RED - what is the progression of colors?
Broad lighting
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
Black (0)

21. What is a derivative file?
Blue & Green
5000K
A RAW file that has been altered
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.

22. What image adjustment tool uses a histogram display to alter an image?
No
The sensor's sensitivity to light
Levels adjustment
A raster image

23. A tall vertical line on the right hand edge of a histogram indicates what?
Follow focus
Depth of field
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
Blown highlights

24. The area of acceptable sharpness in an image is called what?
Depth of field
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Aperture
Short lighting

25. What are luminance and illuminance?
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Cyan

26. What does "photomacrograph" or "macrophotograph" mean?
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
Blown highlights
Short lighting
Follow focus

27. This stores electronic images captured in a digital camera until they can be transferred to a computer.
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
Cyan
ISO
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)

28. What are IPTC fields used for?
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
1 or 2
Because you can move in close to the subject
Aperture-priority

29. The term "ISO speed" is used to describe what?

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30. Panning does what?
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
Add blue
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
The impression human vision gives

31. What angle of view does a spot meter read?
Additive (R - G - B)
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Metamerism

32. What is the term used to describe data contained in a digital image?
Follow focus
Parallax
Metadata
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.

33. What is the suggested shutter speed to stop action of a child running parallel to the film plan - about 25 feet from the camera?
Add magenta
1/250th
256
Add green

34. What color is opposite Red on the color wheel?
Bit
lens-to-subject distance
ISO
Cyan

35. What is an element and where is it found?
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
Bit
3:1 or 4:1

36. What are the three main factors that affect depth of field?
Use and adjustment layer
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject

37. A general purpose lens will provide an f-stop range of up to how many?
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
8 stops
A mirror and pentaprism

38. How does 'unsharp mask' work?
One stop
No
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
Snoot

39. Most modern lenses are based on this kind of lens.
Actual Pixel view
Reflected light meter
Convex
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.

40. The useable exposure range of a sensor - or the range of subject brightness is called what?
A new layer
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
Metamerism

41. This light modifier can be used to highlight a specific area of the subject.
Snoot
Cyan
flat - low contrast light
High Dynamic Range

42. How can you change the brightness of the background when using flash?
1 1/3 stops
emphasizes textures
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
One stop

43. Whenever another image is copied or moved into a file - Photoshop automatically creates what?
A new layer
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
Follow focus
It increases

44. What kind of lighting pattern is useful to widen a subject?
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
Broad lighting
Use and adjustment layer
Follow focus

45. What is gamut?
1 1/3 stops
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
Metamerism
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.

46. A technique used to maintain sharp focus on a subject that is moving toward you is called what?
Very wide at about 180 degrees
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
A RAW file that has been altered
Follow focus

47. A 1:1 lighting ratio produces what lighting result?
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
The amount of information contained in each pixel
Flat lighting
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.

48. To minimize facial wrinkles - this type of lighting is best.
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
1/250th
Front lighting
Short lighting

49. What is a flag?
A change in illumination
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
Metadata
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare

50. Generally - how much exposure compensation (in stops) should be used when using a polarizing filter?
ISO
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
1 1/3 stops
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject

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