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Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. When mixed in varying proportion - the subtractive primary colors produce what?
RAID system
Broad lighting
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
All colors

2. What color is opposite Red on the color wheel?
Black (0)
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
Cyan
Short lighting

3. In the 20th century - black & white photographers used the Zone system to tame excessive contrast. Now - digital photographers use what?
Additive (R - G - B)
International Organization for Standardization
High Dynamic Range
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.

4. If an image is too green - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
9
All colors
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
Add magenta

5. Panning does what?
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
ISO
International Organization for Standardization
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.

6. What is the name of the technique used to make a monitor look like what you will see on your print?
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
Soft proofing
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject

7. What are quad- and hex- tone printing?
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
Fair Use
Short lighting

8. What is the term used to describe data contained in a digital image?
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
Fisheye
Metadata

9. Printers use how many bits per channel of information when printing?
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
8 bits
Fair Use
Dynamic range

10. If an image is too yellow - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Add blue
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject

11. A histogram with peaks on either end of the histogram and a deep valley in between represents what?
A high contrast image
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
Magenta

12. A tonal correction cannot be accomplished by using a...
Flat lighting
hue/saturation adjustment layer
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.

13. What light source has the highest color temperature?
Soft proofing
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin

14. A histogram shows what in an image?
Add red
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
Shutter-Priority
Reflected light meter

15. What are the three main factors that affect depth of field?
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
Very wide at about 180 degrees
Actual Pixel view
5000K

16. What kind of lighting pattern places the key light directly in front of and higher than the face?
Butterfly lighting
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
four times more

17. Digital cameras use what set of primary colors?
Additive (R - G - B)
1 or 2
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
Front lighting

18. What is dodging?
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view

19. In a curves adjustment layer - what does the shape of the curve indicate?
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
Contrast
Follow focus
1 1/3 stops

20. What is the optical resolution on a scanner defined as?
Depth of field
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)

21. What kind of lighting pattern is useful to widen a subject?
Broad lighting
5000K
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light

22. As the aperture is stopped down - what happens to sharpness?
The difference between light and dark.
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
Incident light meter
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor

23. How is brightness and contrast best controlled in Photoshop?
Short lighting.
Levels adjustment
lens-to-subject distance
256

24. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very dark scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
Variations command
Short lighting

25. Can you save layers in a JPEG file format?
No
Total number of pixels
Zoom lens
Black (0)

26. Bit depth refers to what?
The amount of information contained in each pixel
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
Yellow

27. What is a thyristor?
Follow focus
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
Yellow

28. A normal (or standard) focal length lens approximates what?
Blue
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
The impression human vision gives

29. This type of file format compresses images by discarding pixels; therefore - each time an images is compressed - it loses pixels.
Lasso tool
JPEG
Bit
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare

30. According to the rule of thirds - where should the important parts of an image fall?
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
Actual Pixel view
Blue & Green
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color

31. when adjusting an image with levels - if you want to make any color neutral quickly - what would you do?
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
Very wide at about 180 degrees
Short lighting.
The impression human vision gives

32. When buying a lens hood - you should get it in what size relative to the lens?

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33. An incident-exposure reading for a fair-skinned subject reads f/8 - 1/125th at 100 ISO. The next subject is very dark skinned. What is the proper exposure for the second subject?

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34. Name 3 ways to make a tonal adjustment in Photoshop.
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
Add magenta
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.

35. What kind of light will be produced when using a large white umbrella close to a subject?
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
flat - low contrast light
Infinity
A mirror and pentaprism

36. What do the bars on the right of a histogram represent?
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
Black (0)
White (255)
One stop

37. To emphasize texture in a portrait - what kind of light source is recommended?
Follow focus
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
Small light source at an angle to the subject
Half as much light

38. Most inkjet printers intended for photographic printing include light and dark inks of all of the colors except for one. Which color ink is usually available only in one density?
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
Yellow
8 stops
Aperture-Priority

39. Using this kind of automatic exposure setting on the camera - you set the aperture and the camera sets the shutter speed.
3200 Kelvin
Aperture-Priority
Small light source at an angle to the subject
Flat lighting

40. How can you change the brightness of the background when using flash?
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
Follow focus
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
Incident light meter

41. Printers use what set of colors?
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
8 bits
Variations command

42. The greatest tonal range from black to white is achievable on what kind of paper?
5 -000 Kelvin
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
Glossy paper
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.

43. What is the name of the issue that prevents you from seeing exactly what the lens sees when using a rangefinder camera?
The impression human vision gives
Depth of field
Parallax
Add cyan

44. The useable exposure range of a sensor - or the range of subject brightness is called what?
Convex
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
Metadata
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.

45. What would you use an ICC profile for?
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
Glossy paper
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.

46. If your print will be viewed mostly under window light - what is the suggested Kelvin temperature of the lights you should use to evaluate your print?
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
International Organization for Standardization
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
5000K

47. According to the Inverse Square Law - at a distance of 10 feet from a flash - the area illuminated receives how much more/less light than the area illuminated at 20 feet from the flash?
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
four times more
Actual Pixel view
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)

48. What does ISO stand for?
ISO
International Organization for Standardization
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area

49. What kind of lighting patter is useful to narrow a face?
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
Short lighting

50. Convex lenses cause light rays to do what?
Aperture-priority
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
Contrast

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Certified Professional Photographer

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