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Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Can you save layers in a JPEG file format?
A change in illumination
3200 Kelvin
Follow focus
No

2. To produce optimal sharpness - detail - and resolution - is a higher or lower ISO setting better?
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
Depth of field
Lower

3. Instead of permanently altering your image when adjusting for color and value - what should you do?
Use and adjustment layer
Aperture-priority
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
emphasizes textures

4. Color systems divide all colors into which three measurements?
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures

5. If you must move to reduce the amount of flash reaching your subject - how far do you move?
Front lighting
Half as much light
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.

6. Name 2 ways you can decrease depth of field.
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
Add cyan
The brightness of all the pixels in an image

7. Stopping a lens down from f/8 to f/16 represents a X stop difference.
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
sRGB

8. Printers use how many bits per channel of information when printing?
Convex
Add red
JPEG
8 bits

9. If an image is too green - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Add magenta
Cyan
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.

10. The relative aperture is equal to the lens focal length divided by what?
aperture diameter
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
8 bits
Depth of field

11. When the additive primaries are mixed together equally - what is created?
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.

12. A histogram with peaks on either end of the histogram and a deep valley in between represents what?
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
A high contrast image
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)

13. A histogram shows what in an image?
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
Add magenta
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
One stop

14. The amount of motion blur in an image will increase if you do what?
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
Soft proofing
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed

15. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very light toned scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
Butterfly lighting
Selecting portions of the image based on color
Convex
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.

16. A general purpose lens will provide an f-stop range of up to how many?
Selecting portions of the image based on color
8 stops
Because you can move in close to the subject
Add blue

17. This type of file format compresses images by discarding pixels; therefore - each time an images is compressed - it loses pixels.
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
JPEG
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.

18. To emphasize texture in a portrait - what kind of light source is recommended?
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
lens-to-subject distance
Blue
Small light source at an angle to the subject

19. To minimize facial wrinkles - this type of lighting is best.
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
Soft proofing
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
Front lighting

20. What does "photomacrograph" or "macrophotograph" mean?
Follow focus
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
aperture diameter
Parallax

21. Bit depth refers to what?
3200 Kelvin
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
Front lighting
The amount of information contained in each pixel

22. What image adjustment tool uses a histogram display to alter an image?
Convex
Levels adjustment
The difference between light and dark.
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.

23. What are the three main factors that affect depth of field?
Front lighting
It increases
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures

24. This type of backup system is fault-tolerant because it creates redundant data.
One stop less
Yellow
A raster image
RAID system

25. What does the term "stop" mean?
A mirror and pentaprism
A change in illumination
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view

26. What Photoshop tool allows you to select an area of any size or shape by drawing freehand?
3:1 or 4:1
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
Lasso tool
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree

27. The rule of thirds necessitates that the composition be divided into a grid of now many equal rectangles or squares?
9
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Broad lighting

28. What is the general rule of thumb for the measurement of a 'normal' lens?
Yellow
All colors
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
A mirror and pentaprism

29. What color is opposite Red on the color wheel?
Cyan
JPEG
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
More of the background and foreground are sharp.

30. This viewing option gives you the most accurate version of your image in Photoshop.
Actual Pixel view
It increases
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area

31. What is a thyristor?
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
Cyan
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree

32. What is a Bit?
Follow focus
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
A high contrast image
ISO

33. How can you change the brightness of the background when using flash?
Small light source at an angle to the subject
Incident light meter
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
A new layer

34. Panning does what?
Small light source at an angle to the subject
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)

35. If an image is too magenta - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Add green
JPEG
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)

36. The smallest unit of digital information is called a what?
Bit
The amount of information contained in each pixel
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.
A change in illumination

37. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the aperture and the camera sets the shutter speed - what mode are you working in?
Fisheye
Aperture-priority
Convex
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.

38. An SLR camera uses what to allow you to see exactly what you'll photograph?
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
RAID system
Front lighting
A mirror and pentaprism

39. What is the optical resolution on a scanner defined as?
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
aperture diameter
Glossy paper
Butterfly lighting

40. All objects beyond the closest distance in focus will be sharp when this appears within the DOF scale.
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
Infinity
aperture diameter
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."

41. Why is depth of field greater on a short lens versus a long lens?
Magenta
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.

42. If an image is too yellow - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Add blue
1 1/3 stops
Fair Use
four times more

43. In a curves adjustment layer - what does the shape of the curve indicate?
Contrast
Add red
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.

44. A color image with smooth gradiations requires at least what bit depth?
stopped down
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
No

45. What are IPTC fields used for?
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
Black (0)
Parallax
lens-to-subject distance

46. What is focal length - technically?
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
A RAW file that has been altered
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.

47. The term "ISO speed" is used to describe what?

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48. Why does a short lens create wide-angle distortion?
Broad lighting
Because you can move in close to the subject
8 bits
3:1 or 4:1

49. What light source has the highest color temperature?
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
Infrared
Use and adjustment layer

50. Sharpness from near to far is controlled by what?
Aperture
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
Incident light meter

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Certified Professional Photographer

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