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Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What angle should a polarizing filter be to the sun for best results?
Lasso tool
Infinity
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
Add blue

2. What is the effect of front lighting?
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
The amount of information contained in each pixel

3. This stores electronic images captured in a digital camera until they can be transferred to a computer.
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
RAID system
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
Reflected light meter

4. A magic wand tool is used for what?
No
Levels adjustment
Selecting portions of the image based on color
Contrast

5. What angle of view does a spot meter read?
A change in illumination
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
Metamerism
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree

6. This kind of lens has a variable focal length.
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Add magenta
Zoom lens
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta

7. Perspective is affected by what?
A mirror and pentaprism
Snoot
lens-to-subject distance
Black (0)

8. What image adjustment tool uses a histogram display to alter an image?
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
Levels adjustment
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
Subtractive primaries (plus black)

9. What kind of light will be produced when using a large white umbrella close to a subject?
flat - low contrast light
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
RAID system
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees

10. when adjusting an image with levels - if you want to make any color neutral quickly - what would you do?
8 stops
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color

11. The rule of thirds necessitates that the composition be divided into a grid of now many equal rectangles or squares?
Short lighting.
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
9
High Dynamic Range

12. The quantity of light that reaches your sensor is controlled by what?
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
Shutter speed & aperture
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Zoom lens

13. What is the inverse square law?
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
hue/saturation adjustment layer
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.

14. Why does a short lens create wide-angle distortion?
Front lighting
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
9
Because you can move in close to the subject

15. In a digital image - the images file sizes corresponds to the total number of what in the image?
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
Add yellow
Total number of pixels

16. What is the suggested shutter speed to stop action of a child running parallel to the film plan - about 25 feet from the camera?
Blown highlights
Shutter-Priority
sensor
1/250th

17. What is gamut?
Infinity
Very wide at about 180 degrees
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.

18. In a curves adjustment layer - what does the shape of the curve indicate?
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
Contrast
sRGB

19. According to the rule of thirds - where should the important parts of an image fall?
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
Metadata
Flat lighting

20. The term to describe the combination of aperture and shutter speed that can be changed by moving them in opposite directions.
Reciprocal relationship
Flat lighting
9
Because you can move in close to the subject

21. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the aperture and the camera sets the shutter speed - what mode are you working in?
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Shutter-priority
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
Aperture-priority

22. What kind of meter is built in to most cameras?
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
Reflected light meter
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan

23. What does the term "stop" mean?
Blown highlights
A change in illumination
Half as much light
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.

24. If an image is too magenta - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Add green
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.

25. How is brightness and contrast best controlled in Photoshop?
Levels adjustment
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
Magenta
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor

26. A histogram with peaks on either end of the histogram and a deep valley in between represents what?
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
A high contrast image
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.

27. A general purpose lens will provide an f-stop range of up to how many?
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
8 stops
256
The brightness of all the pixels in an image

28. What are quad- and hex- tone printing?
In the middle
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
Levels adjustment

29. What does a neutral density filter do?
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
Actual Pixel view
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.

30. Digital cameras use what set of primary colors?
Aperture-priority
stopped down
Additive (R - G - B)
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.

31. When doing close-up work - what happens to the depth of field when the subject is closer to the lens?
8 bits
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
Short lighting.
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)

32. If an image is too red - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Aperture
Incident light meter
256
Add cyan

33. All objects beyond the closest distance in focus will be sharp when this appears within the DOF scale.
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
Infinity
Follow focus

34. Most inkjet printers intended for photographic printing include light and dark inks of all of the colors except for one. Which color ink is usually available only in one density?
Add blue
Dynamic range
Additive (R - G - B)
Yellow

35. Why is depth of field greater on a short lens versus a long lens?
Yellow
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
Aperture
3200 Kelvin

36. Doubling the aperture setting creates how many stops difference in the amount of light reaching the sensor?
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
One stop
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
1 1/3 stops

37. According to the Inverse Square Law - at a distance of 10 feet from a flash - the area illuminated receives how much more/less light than the area illuminated at 20 feet from the flash?
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
four times more
Variations command
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.

38. What do the bars on the right of a histogram represent?
Add cyan
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
White (255)
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.

39. How would you define exposure in mathematical terms?
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
Black (0)
Reflected light meter
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)

40. What do TTL systems react to?
Lower
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Metadata
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.

41. To minimize facial wrinkles - this type of lighting is best.
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
Because you can move in close to the subject
Front lighting

42. What angle of view does an incident meter read?
Blue & Green
Very wide at about 180 degrees
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background

43. When the additive primaries are mixed together equally - what is created?
All colors
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)

44. Convex lenses cause light rays to do what?
Aperture and shutter
Lower
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.

45. The relative aperture is equal to the lens focal length divided by what?
5000K
A high contrast image
aperture diameter
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor

46. What light source has the highest color temperature?
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
Actual Pixel view
Snoot

47. What is the CCD or CMOS sensor?

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48. Contrast measures what in a print?
Incident light meter
The difference between light and dark.
Infinity
In the middle

49. The histogram of a properly exposed grey card will show a vertical bar where on the histogram?
In the middle
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
Glossy paper

50. What kind of lighting pattern places the key light directly in front of and higher than the face?
Short lighting.
Zoom lens
Butterfly lighting
Add yellow

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Certified Professional Photographer

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