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Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What two controls adjust the amount of light that reaches the sensor?
Follow focus
Add yellow
Shutter-Priority
Aperture and shutter

2. What do the bars on the right of a histogram represent?
Add blue
Follow focus
White (255)
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker

3. What is a flag?
stopped down
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
Lasso tool
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare

4. According to the Inverse Square Law - at a distance of 10 feet from a flash - the area illuminated receives how much more/less light than the area illuminated at 20 feet from the flash?
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
four times more
Reflected light meter

5. What are the effects of top lighting?
Depth of field
Selecting portions of the image based on color
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
Levels adjustment

6. What angle of view does a spot meter read?
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
Incident light meter
Add red

7. How would you define exposure in mathematical terms?
Fair Use
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
Metadata
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree

8. What does ISO stand for?
International Organization for Standardization
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
A raster image
Aperture

9. Perspective is affected by what?
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
White (255)
lens-to-subject distance
Broad lighting

10. A 1:1 lighting ratio produces what lighting result?
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
Flat lighting
Glossy paper
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.

11. Generally - traditional portraits use what lighting ratio?
3:1 or 4:1
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
Depth of field
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.

12. In the 20th century - black & white photographers used the Zone system to tame excessive contrast. Now - digital photographers use what?
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
8 bits
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
High Dynamic Range

13. What are quad- and hex- tone printing?
Blown highlights
four times more
1/250th
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast

14. Name 2 ways you can decrease depth of field.
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
A change in illumination
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
One stop

15. Name two ways you can increase depth of field (other than changing aperture).
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
Snoot
Magenta
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed

16. What are IPTC fields used for?
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
Convex
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
Add magenta

17. A histogram shows what in an image?
Shutter speed & aperture
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
Broad lighting
The brightness of all the pixels in an image

18. when adjusting an image with levels - if you want to make any color neutral quickly - what would you do?
Add green
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
JPEG
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.

19. A normal (or standard) focal length lens approximates what?
Glossy paper
The impression human vision gives
hue/saturation adjustment layer
Add magenta

20. What is the term used to describe human's change in perception of a color under different light sources?
Metamerism
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
Half as much light
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.

21. All objects beyond the closest distance in focus will be sharp when this appears within the DOF scale.
Short lighting
Infinity
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
lens-to-subject distance

22. What is the inverse square law?
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
Glossy paper
Blown highlights
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.

23. A histogram with peaks on either end of the histogram and a deep valley in between represents what?
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
Half as much light
A high contrast image
More of the background and foreground are sharp.

24. The area of acceptable sharpness in an image is called what?
Depth of field
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
The impression human vision gives
The brightness of all the pixels in an image

25. Printers use how many bits per channel of information when printing?
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
8 bits
3200 Kelvin

26. A technique used to maintain sharp focus on a subject that is moving toward you is called what?
Follow focus
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
3:1 or 4:1
sRGB

27. Tungsten is approximately what color temperature?
3200 Kelvin
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
Actual Pixel view

28. What is gamut?
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
Actual Pixel view
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.

29. When the size of the aperture is decreased - it is said to be what?
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
Add cyan
Actual Pixel view
stopped down

30. What is the term used to describe a sensor's sensitivity to light?
Small light source at an angle to the subject
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
ISO
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.

31. What are the three main factors that affect depth of field?
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
Levels adjustment

32. How is brightness and contrast best controlled in Photoshop?
Shutter-Priority
A change in illumination
Levels adjustment
A mirror and pentaprism

33. What color is between Magenta and Cyan on the color wheel?
Butterfly lighting
Blue
1 1/3 stops
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed

34. The image transmitted by the lens is recorded by the what?
Dynamic range
RAID system
sensor
A RAW file that has been altered

35. The histogram of a properly exposed grey card will show a vertical bar where on the histogram?
In the middle
The impression human vision gives
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
Follow focus

36. Going clockwise around the color wheel - starting with RED - what is the progression of colors?
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
5000K

37. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very light toned scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
Incident light meter
1/250th
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
Add magenta

38. What is the suggested shutter speed to stop action of a child running parallel to the film plan - about 25 feet from the camera?
Lasso tool
Shutter-Priority
1/250th
Additive (R - G - B)

39. What Photoshop tool allows you to select an area of any size or shape by drawing freehand?
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
Lasso tool
Actual Pixel view

40. An 8x10 at 240 dpi will have a resolution of what?
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
Yellow

41. What color is opposite Red on the color wheel?
sensor
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
Cyan
Selecting portions of the image based on color

42. In short lighting - where is the main light placed?
hue/saturation adjustment layer
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker

43. What kind of lighting patter is useful to narrow a face?
Aperture-Priority
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Short lighting
Lasso tool

44. The amount of motion blur in an image will increase if you do what?
The amount of information contained in each pixel
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
1 1/3 stops
3:1 or 4:1

45. Sharpness from near to far is controlled by what?
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
Aperture
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
Additive (R - G - B)

46. As the aperture is stopped down - what happens to sharpness?
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
RAID system

47. Printers use what set of colors?
Add red
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
256
A RAW file that has been altered

48. What kind of lighting pattern places the key light directly in front of and higher than the face?
Butterfly lighting
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.

49. Instead of permanently altering your image when adjusting for color and value - what should you do?
Metamerism
Use and adjustment layer
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
1 1/3 stops

50. Cyan is composed of equal parts of what two colors?
Blue & Green
Aperture and shutter
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
Yellow

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