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Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is a Bit?
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
Use and adjustment layer
Reciprocal relationship

2. What are IPTC fields used for?
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
Additive (R - G - B)

3. This type of file format compresses images by discarding pixels; therefore - each time an images is compressed - it loses pixels.
Shutter-priority
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
JPEG
One stop less

4. What do the bars on the left of a histogram represent?
Add green
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
Black (0)
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees

5. What does the term "stop" mean?
A change in illumination
It increases
Add red
Depth of field

6. What is gamut?
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
Follow focus
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker

7. Most modern lenses are based on this kind of lens.
Depth of field
Fair Use
Convex
Butterfly lighting

8. In a 2:1 ratio - the shadow side of the subject would meter at X stop(s) less than the highlight side.
One stop less
1/250th
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.

9. Contrast measures what in a print?
The sensor's sensitivity to light
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
The difference between light and dark.
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor

10. A filter with a factor of 2 requires how many stops of compensation?

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11. Doubling the aperture setting creates how many stops difference in the amount of light reaching the sensor?
A mirror and pentaprism
One stop
1 or 2
Infrared

12. In a curves adjustment layer - what does the shape of the curve indicate?
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
1 1/3 stops
Contrast
Flat lighting

13. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very dark scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.

14. All objects beyond the closest distance in focus will be sharp when this appears within the DOF scale.
Infinity
Snoot
One stop less
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)

15. A histogram shows what in an image?
Fisheye
1 or 2
The amount of information contained in each pixel
The brightness of all the pixels in an image

16. What is an element and where is it found?
Small light source at an angle to the subject
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
Fair Use
A high contrast image

17. Generally - traditional portraits use what lighting ratio?
Aperture
Because you can move in close to the subject
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
3:1 or 4:1

18. To minimize facial wrinkles - this type of lighting is best.
Use and adjustment layer
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.
Front lighting

19. Cyan is composed of equal parts of what two colors?
Blue & Green
four times more
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor

20. What is a BYTE?
A raster image
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
Because you can move in close to the subject
JPEG

21. How does 'unsharp mask' work?
A change in illumination
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
One stop
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast

22. A ring of thin - overlapping leaves located inside the lens is called what?
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
5000K
The impression human vision gives
RAID system

23. A lens with a very wide angle of view and produces barrel distortion is what kind of lens?
Yellow
Fisheye
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
Short lighting

24. Perspective is affected by what?
lens-to-subject distance
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
One stop
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.

25. A tonal correction cannot be accomplished by using a...
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
High Dynamic Range
In the middle
hue/saturation adjustment layer

26. In a digital image - the images file sizes corresponds to the total number of what in the image?
Small light source at an angle to the subject
Metadata
Short lighting.
Total number of pixels

27. The term "ISO speed" is used to describe what?

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28. What is the best color profile for web images?
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
sRGB
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
Black (0)

29. Whenever another image is copied or moved into a file - Photoshop automatically creates what?
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
A new layer
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)

30. What is the name of the technique used to make a monitor look like what you will see on your print?
Selecting portions of the image based on color
Contrast
International Organization for Standardization
Soft proofing

31. What kind of lighting pattern places the key light directly in front of and higher than the face?
Butterfly lighting
emphasizes textures
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
Soft proofing

32. What does "photomacrograph" or "macrophotograph" mean?
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
International Organization for Standardization
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees

33. Blue is opposite what color on the color wheel?
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Cyan
Yellow
Shutter-priority

34. A technique used to maintain sharp focus on a subject that is moving toward you is called what?
Metamerism
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
Follow focus
Because you can move in close to the subject

35. What is the suggested shutter speed to stop action of a child running parallel to the film plan - about 25 feet from the camera?
Parallax
1 or 2
1/250th
ISO

36. The useable exposure range of a sensor - or the range of subject brightness is called what?
The difference between light and dark.
Very wide at about 180 degrees
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
No

37. To produce optimal sharpness - detail - and resolution - is a higher or lower ISO setting better?
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
Lower
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
Actual Pixel view

38. The rule of thirds necessitates that the composition be divided into a grid of now many equal rectangles or squares?
Parallax
Magenta
9
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors

39. A histogram with peaks on either end of the histogram and a deep valley in between represents what?
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
The impression human vision gives
A high contrast image
RAID system

40. An incident-exposure reading for a fair-skinned subject reads f/8 - 1/125th at 100 ISO. The next subject is very dark skinned. What is the proper exposure for the second subject?

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41. Why is depth of field greater on a short lens versus a long lens?
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
Glossy paper
Soft proofing
Dynamic range

42. In short lighting - where is the main light placed?
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
9
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
Soft proofing

43. What light source has the highest color temperature?
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
Contrast

44. Color systems divide all colors into which three measurements?
The sensor's sensitivity to light
Butterfly lighting
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
8 stops

45. To emphasize texture in a portrait - what kind of light source is recommended?
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
White (255)
Small light source at an angle to the subject
hue/saturation adjustment layer

46. What is a color profile?
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
Add green
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.

47. When the additive primaries are mixed together equally - what is created?
One stop
Follow focus
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
Contrast

48. What kind of lighting pattern is useful to widen a subject?
All colors
9
Broad lighting
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background

49. Stopping a lens down from f/8 to f/16 represents a X stop difference.
256
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Blown highlights

50. Name 2 ways you can decrease depth of field.
1/250th
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
Lasso tool

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