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Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. When mixed in varying proportion - the subtractive primary colors produce what?
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
Use and adjustment layer
All colors

2. If you must move to reduce the amount of flash reaching your subject - how far do you move?
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
3:1 or 4:1
Reflected light meter
Lasso tool

3. In a 2:1 ratio - the shadow side of the subject would meter at X stop(s) less than the highlight side.
One stop less
A new layer
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.

4. A color image with smooth gradiations requires at least what bit depth?
Total number of pixels
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
Snoot

5. An SLR camera uses what to allow you to see exactly what you'll photograph?
A mirror and pentaprism
Reflected light meter
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
Actual Pixel view

6. A histogram with peaks on either end of the histogram and a deep valley in between represents what?
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
Lower
A high contrast image

7. Instead of permanently altering your image when adjusting for color and value - what should you do?
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
Use and adjustment layer
Very wide at about 180 degrees
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.

8. A 1:1 lighting ratio produces what lighting result?
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
Flat lighting
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
No

9. How much resolution do you need for: Internet? Newspaper? Photographic print? Glossy magazine?
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
Lower
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi

10. A lens set at f/4 admits how much more/less light than one set at f/2.8?
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
Half as much light
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin

11. What does the term "stop" mean?
Levels adjustment
A change in illumination
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
One stop

12. To emphasize texture in a portrait - what kind of light source is recommended?
sRGB
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
Small light source at an angle to the subject
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor

13. The quantity of light that reaches your sensor is controlled by what?
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
Shutter speed & aperture
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree

14. What would you use an ICC profile for?
Blue & Green
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
RAID system
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.

15. What image adjustment tool uses a histogram display to alter an image?
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
Blown highlights
RAID system
Levels adjustment

16. An image made of pixels is sometimes called what?
JPEG
Dynamic range
A raster image
Aperture

17. What does a neutral density filter do?
Infinity
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
aperture diameter
3:1 or 4:1

18. Contrast measures what in a print?
A raster image
No
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
The difference between light and dark.

19. Going clockwise around the color wheel - starting with RED - what is the progression of colors?
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
A new layer
Half as much light

20. What kind of lighting pattern places the key light directly in front of and higher than the face?
Butterfly lighting
A RAW file that has been altered
1 or 2
The sensor's sensitivity to light

21. A histogram shows what in an image?
Aperture-Priority
Variations command
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor

22. When the subtractive primaries are added together equally - what is created?
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
Actual Pixel view
emphasizes textures
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan

23. What does side lighting emphasize?
3:1 or 4:1
emphasizes textures
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment

24. As the aperture is stopped down - what happens to sharpness?
Metadata
Infrared
5000K
More of the background and foreground are sharp.

25. What angle of view does an incident meter read?
Very wide at about 180 degrees
Metadata
lens-to-subject distance
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.

26. Name two ways you can increase depth of field (other than changing aperture).
Aperture-priority
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
Shutter speed & aperture
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan

27. What kind of light will be produced when using a large white umbrella close to a subject?
JPEG
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
Very wide at about 180 degrees
flat - low contrast light

28. Digital cameras use what set of primary colors?
Additive (R - G - B)
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
Add green
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)

29. What is TTL?
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
Add magenta
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.

30. Photoshop's command for a simple way to start using color balance is what?
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
Black (0)
Variations command

31. Focal length controls what?
Variations command
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.

32. What is a derivative file?
A RAW file that has been altered
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Add green
A change in illumination

33. What are the effects of top lighting?
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
Shutter-Priority
Aperture and shutter
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.

34. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the aperture and the camera sets the shutter speed - what mode are you working in?
5 -000 Kelvin
Fisheye
Aperture-priority
Follow focus

35. What do the bars on the right of a histogram represent?
White (255)
Aperture
sensor
RAID system

36. What light source has the highest color temperature?
Yellow
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
All colors
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.

37. This type of file format compresses images by discarding pixels; therefore - each time an images is compressed - it loses pixels.
A mirror and pentaprism
Because you can move in close to the subject
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
JPEG

38. What is the name of the issue that prevents you from seeing exactly what the lens sees when using a rangefinder camera?
Infrared
Parallax
8 bits
Add green

39. Panning does what?
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
Add red
8 stops
Aperture and shutter

40. If an image is too cyan - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Add red
The difference between light and dark.
Parallax
Total number of pixels

41. The term "ISO speed" is used to describe what?

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42. What do TTL systems react to?
Cyan
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.

43. What is a color profile?
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
1 1/3 stops
Convex
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)

44. What are the effects of high side lighting?
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
1 or 2
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.

45. This kind of meter is preferred by photographers working in a studio situation where lighting conditions can be altered.
Incident light meter
Bit
Short lighting
Yellow

46. Cyan is composed of equal parts of what two colors?
lens-to-subject distance
Infrared
Add blue
Blue & Green

47. If an image is too magenta - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Add green
Metadata
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
1 or 2

48. Aperture controls what?
Aperture
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
Snoot
Add magenta

49. According to the rule of thirds - where should the important parts of an image fall?
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
Front lighting
Add cyan
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically

50. What color is opposite Red on the color wheel?
9
1 1/3 stops
Cyan
Aperture-priority

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