Test your basic knowledge |

Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A tonal correction cannot be accomplished by using a...
hue/saturation adjustment layer
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
In the middle
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.

2. Copyright law has certain built-in exceptions that allow for special situations in using copyrighted material. They are called what?
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
Fair Use
More of the background and foreground are sharp.

3. What does a neutral density filter do?
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
Small light source at an angle to the subject
Contrast
A mirror and pentaprism

4. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the aperture and the camera sets the shutter speed - what mode are you working in?
aperture diameter
All colors
Aperture-priority
Shutter-Priority

5. According to the Inverse Square Law - at a distance of 10 feet from a flash - the area illuminated receives how much more/less light than the area illuminated at 20 feet from the flash?
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
four times more
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.

6. What is the name of the issue that prevents you from seeing exactly what the lens sees when using a rangefinder camera?
Very wide at about 180 degrees
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
Parallax
Selecting portions of the image based on color

7. What is the suggested shutter speed to stop action of a child running parallel to the film plan - about 25 feet from the camera?
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
Lower
1/250th
White (255)

8. When mixed in varying proportion - the subtractive primary colors produce what?
All colors
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
Follow focus
Glossy paper

9. A color image with smooth gradiations requires at least what bit depth?
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors

10. How does 'unsharp mask' work?
Yellow
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
Follow focus
Dynamic range

11. What is the best color profile for web images?
8 stops
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
sRGB
Additive (R - G - B)

12. A normal (or standard) focal length lens approximates what?
The impression human vision gives
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
Add blue
Incident light meter

13. The histogram of a properly exposed grey card will show a vertical bar where on the histogram?
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
In the middle
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
A new layer

14. What is dodging?
JPEG
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
5 -000 Kelvin
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area

15. An SLR camera uses what to allow you to see exactly what you'll photograph?
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
JPEG
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
A mirror and pentaprism

16. An incident-exposure reading for a fair-skinned subject reads f/8 - 1/125th at 100 ISO. The next subject is very dark skinned. What is the proper exposure for the second subject?

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17. This light modifier can be used to highlight a specific area of the subject.
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
Snoot
Contrast
In the middle

18. A histogram with peaks on either end of the histogram and a deep valley in between represents what?
Selecting portions of the image based on color
Broad lighting
A high contrast image
The amount of information contained in each pixel

19. What kind of light will be produced when using a large white umbrella close to a subject?
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
Shutter-priority
White (255)
flat - low contrast light

20. What is the optical resolution on a scanner defined as?
5000K
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
Infinity
One stop less

21. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture - what mode are you working in?
Infinity
A high contrast image
Shutter-priority
Levels adjustment

22. A 1:1 lighting ratio produces what lighting result?
Cyan
Flat lighting
Variations command
Front lighting

23. Photoshop's command for a simple way to start using color balance is what?
Very wide at about 180 degrees
Variations command
A new layer
One stop

24. Name two ways you can increase depth of field (other than changing aperture).
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
The sensor's sensitivity to light
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
8 stops

25. Bit depth refers to what?
Aperture-priority
The amount of information contained in each pixel
Incident light meter
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.

26. Printers use what set of colors?
White (255)
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
Convex

27. What does side lighting emphasize?
Fair Use
Small light source at an angle to the subject
Infinity
emphasizes textures

28. How would you define exposure in mathematical terms?
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
Parallax

29. Stopping a lens down from f/8 to f/16 represents a X stop difference.
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
1 1/3 stops
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)

30. What do the bars on the right of a histogram represent?
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
Lower
Parallax
White (255)

31. What is the effect of front lighting?
Very wide at about 180 degrees
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures

32. If an image is too yellow - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Add blue
Add magenta
Lasso tool
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.

33. What kind of lighting pattern is useful to widen a subject?
JPEG
Actual Pixel view
Shutter-Priority
Broad lighting

34. If an image is too green - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Add magenta
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
Levels adjustment
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees

35. Panning does what?
stopped down
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
A high contrast image
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background

36. This kind of lens has a variable focal length.
Zoom lens
Metadata
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta

37. What kind of meter is built in to most cameras?
Reflected light meter
Cyan
Variations command
Infrared

38. When buying a lens hood - you should get it in what size relative to the lens?

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39. What is gamut?
High Dynamic Range
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.

40. If an image is too red - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Yellow
Add cyan
Half as much light
Depth of field

41. What are quad- and hex- tone printing?
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
Add blue

42. What is a BYTE?
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
The difference between light and dark.
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view

43. If your print will be viewed mostly under window light - what is the suggested Kelvin temperature of the lights you should use to evaluate your print?
aperture diameter
Follow focus
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
5000K

44. Daylight is approximately what color temperature?
5 -000 Kelvin
four times more
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
Actual Pixel view

45. What determines what will be a 'normal' focal length lens on a particular camera?
8 bits
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
Blown highlights
A RAW file that has been altered

46. What kind of lighting pattern is best for average oval faces and round faces you want to slim?
Reciprocal relationship
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
Short lighting.
Follow focus

47. What color is between Magenta and Cyan on the color wheel?
Blue
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
Blown highlights
3:1 or 4:1

48. An 8x10 at 240 dpi will have a resolution of what?
A change in illumination
Because you can move in close to the subject
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)

49. What are luminance and illuminance?
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
Shutter-Priority
Fair Use
The brightness of all the pixels in an image

50. Why does a short lens create wide-angle distortion?
Because you can move in close to the subject
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
1 or 2