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Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Using this kind of automatic exposure setting on the camera - you set the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture.
Shutter-Priority
8 bits
Yellow
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare

2. If you must move to reduce the amount of flash reaching your subject - how far do you move?
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
A high contrast image

3. Sharpness from near to far is controlled by what?
Add yellow
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
Aperture
Blue & Green

4. Generally - traditional portraits use what lighting ratio?
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
Levels adjustment
3:1 or 4:1
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)

5. A 1:1 lighting ratio produces what lighting result?
Flat lighting
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare

6. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very light toned scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
1 1/3 stops
Yellow

7. What do the bars on the right of a histogram represent?
White (255)
8 bits
Add green
A RAW file that has been altered

8. Copyright law has certain built-in exceptions that allow for special situations in using copyrighted material. They are called what?
Fair Use
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
Lower
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.

9. When buying a lens hood - you should get it in what size relative to the lens?

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10. Most lenses are sharpest closed down to how many stops from the widest?
1 or 2
5 -000 Kelvin
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
Shutter-priority

11. What is the term used to describe a sensor's sensitivity to light?
The sensor's sensitivity to light
ISO
Add yellow
The brightness of all the pixels in an image

12. Perspective is affected by what?
Reciprocal relationship
lens-to-subject distance
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
The sensor's sensitivity to light

13. A general purpose lens will provide an f-stop range of up to how many?
8 stops
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees

14. 8 bits per pixel gives you how many colors?
sensor
Yellow
256
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."

15. To produce optimal sharpness - detail - and resolution - is a higher or lower ISO setting better?
Lower
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.

16. A tall vertical line on the right hand edge of a histogram indicates what?
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Blown highlights
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.

17. The greatest tonal range from black to white is achievable on what kind of paper?
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
The sensor's sensitivity to light
Glossy paper
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).

18. What two controls adjust the amount of light that reaches the sensor?
Aperture and shutter
Additive (R - G - B)
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
Add red

19. Most modern lenses are based on this kind of lens.
Short lighting
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
Convex
Metamerism

20. Daylight is approximately what color temperature?
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
5 -000 Kelvin
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image

21. Cyan is composed of equal parts of what two colors?
5 -000 Kelvin
Blue & Green
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
1 or 2

22. Going clockwise around the color wheel - starting with RED - what is the progression of colors?
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
One stop

23. What does "photomacrograph" or "macrophotograph" mean?
Parallax
emphasizes textures
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."

24. What angle of view does a spot meter read?
8 stops
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
1 1/3 stops

25. What does ISO stand for?
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
International Organization for Standardization
Depth of field

26. Digital cameras use what set of primary colors?
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
Metadata
Additive (R - G - B)

27. What is the suggested shutter speed to stop action of a child running parallel to the film plan - about 25 feet from the camera?
stopped down
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
Shutter-Priority
1/250th

28. If an image is too yellow - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Add yellow
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Incident light meter
Add blue

29. Instead of permanently altering your image when adjusting for color and value - what should you do?
Very wide at about 180 degrees
Use and adjustment layer
Convex
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.

30. Using this kind of automatic exposure setting on the camera - you set the aperture and the camera sets the shutter speed.
Add cyan
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Aperture-Priority
Add green

31. Most inkjet printers intended for photographic printing include light and dark inks of all of the colors except for one. Which color ink is usually available only in one density?
Yellow
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker

32. The term "ISO speed" is used to describe what?

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33. What is the name of the issue that prevents you from seeing exactly what the lens sees when using a rangefinder camera?
lens-to-subject distance
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
Parallax
Glossy paper

34. Printers use how many bits per channel of information when printing?
Add yellow
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
8 bits
Add blue

35. This kind of lens has a variable focal length.
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
Zoom lens
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan

36. This technique allows you to keep a subject that is moving toward you well focused.
Follow focus
Convex
Variations command
One stop

37. To emphasize texture in a portrait - what kind of light source is recommended?
Follow focus
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
Small light source at an angle to the subject
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.

38. What kind of film can help reduce haze in a landscape?
Cyan
Add blue
Infrared
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.

39. The smallest unit of digital information is called a what?
Aperture-priority
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
Bit
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)

40. Bit depth refers to what?
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
8 bits
The amount of information contained in each pixel
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.

41. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very dark scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
Aperture-priority
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
A raster image

42. What kind of lighting pattern is useful to widen a subject?
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
Broad lighting
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.

43. The term "ISO speed" is used to describe what?

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44. As the aperture becomes smaller - what happens to the depth of field?
Broad lighting
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
Short lighting.
It increases

45. An incident-exposure reading for a fair-skinned subject reads f/8 - 1/125th at 100 ISO. The next subject is very dark skinned. What is the proper exposure for the second subject?

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46. Why does a short lens create wide-angle distortion?
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
High Dynamic Range
Because you can move in close to the subject

47. What is a flag?
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
Yellow

48. Focal length controls what?
sensor
Metadata
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.

49. This stores electronic images captured in a digital camera until they can be transferred to a computer.
Incident light meter
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
A mirror and pentaprism
Shutter-priority

50. A histogram shows what in an image?
Variations command
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
Front lighting
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees

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