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Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What kind of film can help reduce haze in a landscape?
5 -000 Kelvin
Cyan
Infrared
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject

2. How would you define exposure in mathematical terms?
lens-to-subject distance
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
3:1 or 4:1
Additive (R - G - B)

3. The term "ISO speed" is used to describe what?

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4. What is interpolated resolution?
Follow focus
Bit
The sensor's sensitivity to light
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.

5. If your print will be viewed mostly under window light - what is the suggested Kelvin temperature of the lights you should use to evaluate your print?
5000K
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
5 -000 Kelvin
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.

6. If an image is too red - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Add cyan
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.

7. What is dodging?
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
Subtractive primaries (plus black)

8. A lens set at f/4 admits how much more/less light than one set at f/2.8?
Half as much light
Yellow
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.

9. What is the best color profile for web images?
Follow focus
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
sRGB
Butterfly lighting

10. If an image is too cyan - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
8 stops
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
Add red

11. The useable exposure range of a sensor - or the range of subject brightness is called what?
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
Lower

12. What is a derivative file?
One stop less
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
A RAW file that has been altered
sRGB

13. Name 3 ways to make a tonal adjustment in Photoshop.
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
Add cyan
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees

14. Color systems divide all colors into which three measurements?
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
The amount of information contained in each pixel
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
A change in illumination

15. When buying a lens hood - you should get it in what size relative to the lens?

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16. What light source has the highest color temperature?
5 -000 Kelvin
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
1 1/3 stops

17. In short lighting - where is the main light placed?
All colors
four times more
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
Very wide at about 180 degrees

18. Name two ways you can increase depth of field (other than changing aperture).
Zoom lens
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject

19. A tonal correction cannot be accomplished by using a...
Actual Pixel view
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
hue/saturation adjustment layer
The impression human vision gives

20. According to the rule of thirds - where should the important parts of an image fall?
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
Aperture-priority
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
Snoot

21. What are quad- and hex- tone printing?
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
lens-to-subject distance
Levels adjustment

22. A normal (or standard) focal length lens approximates what?
The impression human vision gives
aperture diameter
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
flat - low contrast light

23. What determines what will be a 'normal' focal length lens on a particular camera?
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
Shutter-Priority
High Dynamic Range
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background

24. What do TTL systems react to?
sensor
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
A RAW file that has been altered
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.

25. When doing close-up work - what happens to the depth of field when the subject is closer to the lens?
The impression human vision gives
Add magenta
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
Snoot

26. What color is opposite Red on the color wheel?
9
Magenta
5000K
Cyan

27. The greatest tonal range from black to white is achievable on what kind of paper?
Glossy paper
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)

28. What is the optical resolution on a scanner defined as?
Aperture and shutter
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
High Dynamic Range

29. What Photoshop tool allows you to select an area of any size or shape by drawing freehand?
Lasso tool
Small light source at an angle to the subject
Add blue
Subtractive primaries (plus black)

30. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture - what mode are you working in?
Shutter-priority
Fair Use
One stop
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.

31. Why is depth of field greater on a short lens versus a long lens?
Flat lighting
Reflected light meter
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
Selecting portions of the image based on color

32. What are luminance and illuminance?
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
Reciprocal relationship
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
Levels adjustment

33. Panning does what?
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.
Butterfly lighting
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree

34. A filter with a factor of 2 requires how many stops of compensation?

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35. Tungsten is approximately what color temperature?
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Flat lighting
Blue & Green
3200 Kelvin

36. An image made of pixels is sometimes called what?
Lasso tool
RAID system
Fisheye
A raster image

37. When the additive primaries are mixed together equally - what is created?
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
International Organization for Standardization
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
Because you can move in close to the subject

38. How much resolution do you need for: Internet? Newspaper? Photographic print? Glossy magazine?
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
Additive (R - G - B)
One stop less

39. If an image is too blue - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
Add yellow
International Organization for Standardization
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree

40. How is brightness and contrast best controlled in Photoshop?
Levels adjustment
A raster image
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image

41. In a 2:1 ratio - the shadow side of the subject would meter at X stop(s) less than the highlight side.
Reflected light meter
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
One stop less
Add cyan

42. The quantity of light that reaches your sensor is controlled by what?
Yellow
Shutter speed & aperture
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."

43. In the 20th century - black & white photographers used the Zone system to tame excessive contrast. Now - digital photographers use what?
Short lighting.
Shutter-priority
High Dynamic Range
flat - low contrast light

44. When mixed in varying proportion - the subtractive primary colors produce what?
Broad lighting
Reflected light meter
All colors
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.

45. What is burning?
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker

46. What does side lighting emphasize?
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
emphasizes textures
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
International Organization for Standardization

47. The term "ISO speed" is used to describe what?

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48. What kind of lighting patter is useful to narrow a face?
Short lighting
Bit
5000K
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.

49. What is an element and where is it found?
RAID system
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
A new layer

50. Resolution refers to what?
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
5 -000 Kelvin
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
Fisheye

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