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Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Doubling the aperture setting creates how many stops difference in the amount of light reaching the sensor?
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
lens-to-subject distance
Reflected light meter
One stop

2. A color image with smooth gradiations requires at least what bit depth?
Lower
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare

3. What is a thyristor?
Flat lighting
The amount of information contained in each pixel
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically

4. Name 2 ways you can decrease depth of field.
Fair Use
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
Lower
Short lighting.

5. Convex lenses cause light rays to do what?
flat - low contrast light
3200 Kelvin
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.

6. What is the effect of front lighting?
Metadata
No
Aperture and shutter
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures

7. If an image is too yellow - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Add blue
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
The difference between light and dark.
White (255)

8. Aperture controls what?
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
Blue & Green
Add green
Cyan

9. What kind of light will be produced when using a large white umbrella close to a subject?
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
In the middle
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
flat - low contrast light

10. Focal length controls what?
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
The amount of information contained in each pixel
Use and adjustment layer
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view

11. What is the suggested shutter speed to stop action of a child running parallel to the film plan - about 25 feet from the camera?
1/250th
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
1 1/3 stops
Incident light meter

12. What is the name of the technique used to make a monitor look like what you will see on your print?
A change in illumination
A high contrast image
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
Soft proofing

13. What does the term "stop" mean?
A change in illumination
Aperture-Priority
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
Reciprocal relationship

14. What are the three main factors that affect depth of field?
Dynamic range
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
four times more
Blue & Green

15. What determines what will be a 'normal' focal length lens on a particular camera?
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
Short lighting.
four times more
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)

16. The rule of thirds necessitates that the composition be divided into a grid of now many equal rectangles or squares?
Convex
9
stopped down
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)

17. The image transmitted by the lens is recorded by the what?
sensor
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.

18. Name two ways you can increase depth of field (other than changing aperture).
Follow focus
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject

19. Using this kind of automatic exposure setting on the camera - you set the aperture and the camera sets the shutter speed.
Aperture-Priority
Blue & Green
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
Additive (R - G - B)

20. In a curves adjustment layer - what does the shape of the curve indicate?
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
Contrast

21. The relative aperture is equal to the lens focal length divided by what?
3:1 or 4:1
Add yellow
aperture diameter
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment

22. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very light toned scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject

23. Blue is opposite what color on the color wheel?
Yellow
Variations command
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor

24. Perspective is affected by what?
Add green
lens-to-subject distance
The sensor's sensitivity to light
Infinity

25. What are the effects of top lighting?
3:1 or 4:1
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
Actual Pixel view

26. What is the inverse square law?
9
Infinity
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.

27. An 8x10 at 240 dpi will have a resolution of what?
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
Actual Pixel view

28. What is the general rule of thumb for the measurement of a 'normal' lens?
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
It increases
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
Bit

29. Can you save layers in a JPEG file format?
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
No

30. 8 bits per pixel gives you how many colors?
256
Levels adjustment
Add magenta
Because you can move in close to the subject

31. Generally - traditional portraits use what lighting ratio?
3:1 or 4:1
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare

32. In a 2:1 ratio - the shadow side of the subject would meter at X stop(s) less than the highlight side.
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
Variations command
One stop less
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject

33. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture - what mode are you working in?
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
Actual Pixel view
Follow focus
Shutter-priority

34. Cyan is composed of equal parts of what two colors?
All colors
Blue & Green
Total number of pixels
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject

35. Resolution refers to what?
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
Add magenta
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)

36. According to the Inverse Square Law - at a distance of 10 feet from a flash - the area illuminated receives how much more/less light than the area illuminated at 20 feet from the flash?
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
White (255)
four times more
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment

37. An SLR camera uses what to allow you to see exactly what you'll photograph?
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
A raster image
A mirror and pentaprism
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light

38. This viewing option gives you the most accurate version of your image in Photoshop.
Actual Pixel view
Additive (R - G - B)
Add blue
5000K

39. This type of file format compresses images by discarding pixels; therefore - each time an images is compressed - it loses pixels.
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
JPEG
aperture diameter
Blown highlights

40. What is gamut?
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
Broad lighting
Total number of pixels

41. A normal (or standard) focal length lens approximates what?
The impression human vision gives
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors

42. When the additive primaries are mixed together equally - what is created?
Infinity
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
emphasizes textures

43. The useable exposure range of a sensor - or the range of subject brightness is called what?
Very wide at about 180 degrees
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
Lasso tool

44. If an image is too blue - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Add yellow
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
1 1/3 stops
Add blue

45. Bit depth refers to what?
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
The amount of information contained in each pixel

46. Why does a short lens create wide-angle distortion?
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
RAID system
aperture diameter
Because you can move in close to the subject

47. What kind of lighting patter is useful to narrow a face?
Short lighting
Follow focus
Short lighting.
One stop less

48. Instead of permanently altering your image when adjusting for color and value - what should you do?
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Use and adjustment layer

49. When mixed in varying proportion - the subtractive primary colors produce what?
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
All colors
Contrast
Shutter-Priority

50. When doing close-up work - what happens to the depth of field when the subject is closer to the lens?
The impression human vision gives
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
Aperture and shutter

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