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Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Resolution refers to what?
Shutter-priority
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
Add cyan
One stop less

2. A normal (or standard) focal length lens approximates what?
Contrast
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
The impression human vision gives
The brightness of all the pixels in an image

3. Name 2 ways you can decrease depth of field.
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
Follow focus

4. What do the bars on the left of a histogram represent?
Black (0)
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
Blue & Green
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker

5. Contrast measures what in a print?
The difference between light and dark.
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
3:1 or 4:1
Shutter-priority

6. Copyright law has certain built-in exceptions that allow for special situations in using copyrighted material. They are called what?
Fair Use
Fisheye
Blue & Green
A change in illumination

7. What is a derivative file?
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
A RAW file that has been altered
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
A raster image

8. This type of file format compresses images by discarding pixels; therefore - each time an images is compressed - it loses pixels.
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
Add green
JPEG
Convex

9. What color is opposite Red on the color wheel?
The sensor's sensitivity to light
Use and adjustment layer
Cyan
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures

10. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very light toned scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
Shutter speed & aperture
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
Front lighting
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.

11. When doing close-up work - what happens to the depth of field when the subject is closer to the lens?
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
White (255)

12. What do the bars on the right of a histogram represent?
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Shutter-Priority
Black (0)
White (255)

13. Generally - traditional portraits use what lighting ratio?
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
Add magenta
3:1 or 4:1

14. The greatest tonal range from black to white is achievable on what kind of paper?
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Follow focus
Infinity
Glossy paper

15. Photoshop's command for a simple way to start using color balance is what?
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
Variations command
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.

16. What does a neutral density filter do?
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
Blue & Green
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.

17. What do TTL systems react to?
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Blue & Green
Soft proofing
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).

18. A histogram with peaks on either end of the histogram and a deep valley in between represents what?
Metamerism
A high contrast image
Aperture-Priority
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.

19. Cyan is composed of equal parts of what two colors?
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
flat - low contrast light
Blue & Green

20. What is focal length - technically?
Incident light meter
A mirror and pentaprism
Fair Use
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.

21. A histogram shows what in an image?
The difference between light and dark.
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
emphasizes textures
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.

22. What color is opposite Green on the color wheel?
RAID system
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
Magenta

23. To minimize facial wrinkles - this type of lighting is best.
Front lighting
Add green
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
Aperture-priority

24. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture - what mode are you working in?
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
Black (0)
Shutter-priority
Actual Pixel view

25. Can you save layers in a JPEG file format?
Parallax
No
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
JPEG

26. Generally - how much exposure compensation (in stops) should be used when using a polarizing filter?
Actual Pixel view
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Levels adjustment
1 1/3 stops

27. What kind of lighting patter is useful to narrow a face?
four times more
Yellow
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
Short lighting

28. The relative aperture is equal to the lens focal length divided by what?
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
aperture diameter

29. This stores electronic images captured in a digital camera until they can be transferred to a computer.
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker

30. Sharpness from near to far is controlled by what?
Aperture
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
Additive (R - G - B)
A RAW file that has been altered

31. What are the three main factors that affect depth of field?
Shutter speed & aperture
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Shutter-priority
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject

32. This technique allows you to keep a subject that is moving toward you well focused.
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
Flat lighting
Follow focus

33. The smallest unit of digital information is called a what?
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
Aperture-Priority
Bit
JPEG

34. An incident-exposure reading for a fair-skinned subject reads f/8 - 1/125th at 100 ISO. The next subject is very dark skinned. What is the proper exposure for the second subject?

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35. Why is depth of field greater on a short lens versus a long lens?
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
Because you can move in close to the subject
Snoot

36. When the size of the aperture is decreased - it is said to be what?
Fair Use
Infrared
Add cyan
stopped down

37. Convex lenses cause light rays to do what?
A change in illumination
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
Short lighting.

38. This light modifier can be used to highlight a specific area of the subject.
Use and adjustment layer
Infrared
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
Snoot

39. What is interpolated resolution?
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
The impression human vision gives
Actual Pixel view

40. As the aperture becomes smaller - what happens to the depth of field?
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.
Shutter-priority
It increases
A raster image

41. The area of acceptable sharpness in an image is called what?
Depth of field
JPEG
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
8 stops

42. In a digital image - the images file sizes corresponds to the total number of what in the image?
5 -000 Kelvin
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
Lower
Total number of pixels

43. What is the term used to describe human's change in perception of a color under different light sources?
Because you can move in close to the subject
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
Metamerism

44. What is a thyristor?
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
flat - low contrast light

45. According to the rule of thirds - where should the important parts of an image fall?
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
emphasizes textures
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
flat - low contrast light

46. What angle of view does an incident meter read?
Lower
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
Actual Pixel view
Very wide at about 180 degrees

47. when adjusting an image with levels - if you want to make any color neutral quickly - what would you do?
stopped down
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject

48. What is the name of the issue that prevents you from seeing exactly what the lens sees when using a rangefinder camera?
No
Parallax
Aperture-priority
JPEG

49. An 8x10 at 240 dpi will have a resolution of what?
White (255)
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
Actual Pixel view
Depth of field

50. What is gamut?
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
In the middle
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.

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