Test your basic knowledge |

Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Doubling the aperture setting creates how many stops difference in the amount of light reaching the sensor?
Soft proofing
Add green
One stop
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.

2. Panning does what?
JPEG
A change in illumination
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors

3. A histogram shows what in an image?
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
Aperture-priority

4. What does the term "stop" mean?
A change in illumination
No
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.

5. What kind of lighting pattern is useful to widen a subject?
Broad lighting
emphasizes textures
Small light source at an angle to the subject
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)

6. The term "ISO speed" is used to describe what?

7. The relative aperture is equal to the lens focal length divided by what?
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
aperture diameter
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker

8. How can you change the brightness of the background when using flash?
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
Blue
Depth of field
Half as much light

9. A histogram with peaks on either end of the histogram and a deep valley in between represents what?
3200 Kelvin
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
A high contrast image
A raster image

10. Printers use what set of colors?
High Dynamic Range
Small light source at an angle to the subject
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.

11. What are IPTC fields used for?
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
Shutter-Priority
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
Infrared

12. This type of file format compresses images by discarding pixels; therefore - each time an images is compressed - it loses pixels.
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
JPEG
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
Contrast

13. What determines what will be a 'normal' focal length lens on a particular camera?
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
Reciprocal relationship
The difference between light and dark.

14. The quantity of light that reaches your sensor is controlled by what?
Shutter speed & aperture
Fair Use
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
More of the background and foreground are sharp.

15. Copyright law has certain built-in exceptions that allow for special situations in using copyrighted material. They are called what?
Infinity
Fair Use
9
5000K

16. How does 'unsharp mask' work?
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
Short lighting.
Aperture and shutter
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.

17. What is burning?
Snoot
lens-to-subject distance
Metadata
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker

18. Cyan is composed of equal parts of what two colors?
A RAW file that has been altered
Blue & Green
Short lighting
Flat lighting

19. To emphasize texture in a portrait - what kind of light source is recommended?
Small light source at an angle to the subject
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.

20. If an image is too red - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
No
Add cyan
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree

21. This type of backup system is fault-tolerant because it creates redundant data.
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
RAID system
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.

22. Aperture controls what?
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
Infinity

23. What are the effects of top lighting?
One stop
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
Dynamic range
Reflected light meter

24. How much resolution do you need for: Internet? Newspaper? Photographic print? Glossy magazine?
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
Add green

25. What kind of meter is built in to most cameras?
Reflected light meter
No
White (255)
four times more

26. What color is opposite Green on the color wheel?
Magenta
5 -000 Kelvin
Metamerism
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors

27. What does "photomacrograph" or "macrophotograph" mean?
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees

28. What kind of lighting pattern places the key light directly in front of and higher than the face?
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
Fisheye
Butterfly lighting
Levels adjustment

29. A color image with smooth gradiations requires at least what bit depth?
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
Variations command
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors

30. The amount of motion blur in an image will increase if you do what?
It increases
Yellow
Levels adjustment
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed

31. An 8x10 at 240 dpi will have a resolution of what?
In the middle
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
Add green

32. In short lighting - where is the main light placed?
Depth of field
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
Broad lighting
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.

33. If your print will be viewed mostly under window light - what is the suggested Kelvin temperature of the lights you should use to evaluate your print?
5 -000 Kelvin
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
5000K
lens-to-subject distance

34. Generally - traditional portraits use what lighting ratio?
3:1 or 4:1
Butterfly lighting
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
RAID system

35. What is the usable exposure range - or range of subject brightness called?
Selecting portions of the image based on color
Dynamic range
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
lens-to-subject distance

36. Daylight is approximately what color temperature?
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
5 -000 Kelvin
Variations command

37. Generally - how much exposure compensation (in stops) should be used when using a polarizing filter?
1 1/3 stops
The amount of information contained in each pixel
Flat lighting
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.

38. Maximum depth of field at a given aperture is achieved by focusing at what?
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
Add yellow
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.

39. Tungsten is approximately what color temperature?
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
3200 Kelvin
Lower
Aperture-priority

40. What kind of light will be produced when using a large white umbrella close to a subject?
flat - low contrast light
8 stops
Reciprocal relationship
emphasizes textures

41. What would you use an ICC profile for?
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
Aperture-priority
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card

42. If an image is too magenta - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
5000K
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
Add green
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.

43. Using this kind of automatic exposure setting on the camera - you set the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture.
Bit
Shutter-Priority
Yellow
1/250th

44. In the 20th century - black & white photographers used the Zone system to tame excessive contrast. Now - digital photographers use what?
Add red
A mirror and pentaprism
High Dynamic Range
1 1/3 stops

45. An incident-exposure reading for a fair-skinned subject reads f/8 - 1/125th at 100 ISO. The next subject is very dark skinned. What is the proper exposure for the second subject?

46. Printers use how many bits per channel of information when printing?
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
5000K
8 bits
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.

47. Digital cameras use what set of primary colors?
Total number of pixels
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
Additive (R - G - B)
Dynamic range

48. The image transmitted by the lens is recorded by the what?
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
sensor
Add green
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.

49. An image made of pixels is sometimes called what?
Metadata
A raster image
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.

50. What are quad- and hex- tone printing?
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.
Incident light meter
Add magenta