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Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The term "ISO speed" is used to describe what?

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2. What is the name of the issue that prevents you from seeing exactly what the lens sees when using a rangefinder camera?
White (255)
Actual Pixel view
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
Parallax

3. If an image is too cyan - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Add red
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
Dynamic range
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta

4. To emphasize texture in a portrait - what kind of light source is recommended?
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
Small light source at an angle to the subject
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically

5. If an image is too blue - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Add yellow
Yellow
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
JPEG

6. A lens with a very wide angle of view and produces barrel distortion is what kind of lens?
Variations command
RAID system
Fisheye
Flat lighting

7. What are quad- and hex- tone printing?
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast

8. A tonal correction cannot be accomplished by using a...
Depth of field
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
A new layer
hue/saturation adjustment layer

9. What angle of view does an incident meter read?
Very wide at about 180 degrees
8 bits
Depth of field
Dynamic range

10. All objects beyond the closest distance in focus will be sharp when this appears within the DOF scale.
Infinity
Very wide at about 180 degrees
Follow focus
In the middle

11. What kind of lighting pattern is best for average oval faces and round faces you want to slim?
Short lighting.
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
Yellow

12. What is the usable exposure range - or range of subject brightness called?
Dynamic range
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
Glossy paper

13. What angle of view does a spot meter read?
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.

14. What is the CCD or CMOS sensor?

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15. What is the term used to describe human's change in perception of a color under different light sources?
Incident light meter
JPEG
Metamerism
Infinity

16. What is a Bit?
Reflected light meter
One stop less
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.

17. The image transmitted by the lens is recorded by the what?
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
1 or 2
sensor

18. What are luminance and illuminance?
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)

19. Most modern lenses are based on this kind of lens.
Parallax
Shutter-priority
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
Convex

20. What is focal length - technically?
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
Butterfly lighting

21. To minimize facial wrinkles - this type of lighting is best.
Front lighting
No
Shutter speed & aperture
Selecting portions of the image based on color

22. What is interpolated resolution?
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
9
Add blue
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast

23. If you must move to reduce the amount of flash reaching your subject - how far do you move?
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
sensor

24. The histogram of a properly exposed grey card will show a vertical bar where on the histogram?
In the middle
8 bits
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.
Hue - Luminance - Saturation

25. A normal (or standard) focal length lens approximates what?
The impression human vision gives
RAID system
Zoom lens
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.

26. What is an element and where is it found?
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
The sensor's sensitivity to light
Add cyan
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.

27. How does 'unsharp mask' work?
Flat lighting
Contrast
9
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.

28. What color is opposite Red on the color wheel?
Cyan
3:1 or 4:1
Use and adjustment layer
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background

29. This viewing option gives you the most accurate version of your image in Photoshop.
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
Actual Pixel view

30. The term to describe the combination of aperture and shutter speed that can be changed by moving them in opposite directions.
Reciprocal relationship
Glossy paper
One stop
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.

31. What is TTL?
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
Fair Use
A change in illumination
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)

32. The quantity of light that reaches your sensor is controlled by what?
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
Short lighting
flat - low contrast light
Shutter speed & aperture

33. To produce optimal sharpness - detail - and resolution - is a higher or lower ISO setting better?
RAID system
Shutter-priority
Lower
1 1/3 stops

34. An SLR camera uses what to allow you to see exactly what you'll photograph?
A mirror and pentaprism
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
Short lighting
Levels adjustment

35. A histogram with peaks on either end of the histogram and a deep valley in between represents what?
High Dynamic Range
A high contrast image
Short lighting.
emphasizes textures

36. If an image is too red - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Lower
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
Add cyan
Bit

37. What kind of lighting pattern places the key light directly in front of and higher than the face?
stopped down
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.
Butterfly lighting
Add yellow

38. Photoshop's command for a simple way to start using color balance is what?
The amount of information contained in each pixel
Yellow
emphasizes textures
Variations command

39. A ring of thin - overlapping leaves located inside the lens is called what?
The impression human vision gives
Add magenta
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures

40. Cyan is composed of equal parts of what two colors?
Shutter-Priority
Blue & Green
Butterfly lighting
Black (0)

41. According to the Inverse Square Law - at a distance of 10 feet from a flash - the area illuminated receives how much more/less light than the area illuminated at 20 feet from the flash?
8 stops
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
four times more
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.

42. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the aperture and the camera sets the shutter speed - what mode are you working in?
Aperture-priority
One stop
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
Snoot

43. What is the inverse square law?
8 bits
Convex
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.

44. What is the suggested shutter speed to stop action of a child running parallel to the film plan - about 25 feet from the camera?
1/250th
Aperture
Blown highlights
High Dynamic Range

45. A 1:1 lighting ratio produces what lighting result?
JPEG
sensor
Flat lighting
aperture diameter

46. Digital cameras use what set of primary colors?
It increases
Additive (R - G - B)
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.

47. What is the general rule of thumb for the measurement of a 'normal' lens?
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
Add red
No
Add yellow

48. Color systems divide all colors into which three measurements?
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
Convex
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.

49. A tall vertical line on the right hand edge of a histogram indicates what?
Lower
Blown highlights
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
Actual Pixel view

50. An 8x10 at 240 dpi will have a resolution of what?
It increases
A change in illumination
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
8 stops

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