Test your basic knowledge |

Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is gamut?
Convex
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.

2. This viewing option gives you the most accurate version of your image in Photoshop.
Parallax
Actual Pixel view
Fisheye
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject

3. Using this kind of automatic exposure setting on the camera - you set the aperture and the camera sets the shutter speed.
A mirror and pentaprism
Aperture-Priority
256
Lower

4. What is TTL?
The amount of information contained in each pixel
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
One stop less

5. The histogram of a properly exposed grey card will show a vertical bar where on the histogram?
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
In the middle
Follow focus
The amount of information contained in each pixel

6. This technique allows you to keep a subject that is moving toward you well focused.
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
Half as much light
Follow focus

7. Contrast measures what in a print?
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
The difference between light and dark.
Fair Use
All colors

8. Copyright law has certain built-in exceptions that allow for special situations in using copyrighted material. They are called what?
flat - low contrast light
Fair Use
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
RAID system

9. Focal length controls what?
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
5000K
Shutter-priority
More of the background and foreground are sharp.

10. Aperture controls what?
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment

11. Why does a short lens create wide-angle distortion?
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
Because you can move in close to the subject

12. A general purpose lens will provide an f-stop range of up to how many?
Shutter speed & aperture
Yellow
8 stops
Because you can move in close to the subject

13. When the additive primaries are mixed together equally - what is created?
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
Shutter speed & aperture
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
A raster image

14. What does side lighting emphasize?
Short lighting
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
emphasizes textures
Incident light meter

15. What are the effects of top lighting?
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
Incident light meter
Because you can move in close to the subject
Yellow

16. In a 2:1 ratio - the shadow side of the subject would meter at X stop(s) less than the highlight side.
One stop less
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.

17. Convex lenses cause light rays to do what?
Front lighting
Add red
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors

18. Instead of permanently altering your image when adjusting for color and value - what should you do?
lens-to-subject distance
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
Use and adjustment layer
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast

19. What angle of view does an incident meter read?
Very wide at about 180 degrees
Lasso tool
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
One stop

20. What is the inverse square law?
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor

21. An image made of pixels is sometimes called what?
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
A raster image
Very wide at about 180 degrees

22. This kind of meter is preferred by photographers working in a studio situation where lighting conditions can be altered.
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
Shutter speed & aperture
Incident light meter
Aperture-Priority

23. Stopping a lens down from f/8 to f/16 represents a X stop difference.
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.

24. All objects beyond the closest distance in focus will be sharp when this appears within the DOF scale.
A mirror and pentaprism
Infinity
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
256

25. What kind of lighting pattern is useful to widen a subject?
Broad lighting
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
Flat lighting
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).

26. This kind of lens has a variable focal length.
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
Zoom lens
White (255)
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.

27. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very dark scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.
Blue
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.

28. What do the bars on the left of a histogram represent?
Infrared
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
Add green
Black (0)

29. What is a flag?
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
Levels adjustment
Convex

30. How much resolution do you need for: Internet? Newspaper? Photographic print? Glossy magazine?
Shutter-Priority
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
Short lighting.

31. Color systems divide all colors into which three measurements?
Total number of pixels
Metamerism
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
Because you can move in close to the subject

32. What kind of lighting patter is useful to narrow a face?
stopped down
The amount of information contained in each pixel
3:1 or 4:1
Short lighting

33. Doubling the aperture setting creates how many stops difference in the amount of light reaching the sensor?
Short lighting.
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
Half as much light
One stop

34. What does a neutral density filter do?
Add magenta
The amount of information contained in each pixel
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
Short lighting.

35. What Photoshop tool allows you to select an area of any size or shape by drawing freehand?
White (255)
Infrared
Lasso tool
Fisheye

36. What are IPTC fields used for?
Short lighting.
emphasizes textures
The amount of information contained in each pixel
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.

37. How would you define exposure in mathematical terms?
Selecting portions of the image based on color
Variations command
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)

38. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture - what mode are you working in?
A new layer
One stop
Shutter-priority
Follow focus

39. If an image is too yellow - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
stopped down
Total number of pixels
High Dynamic Range
Add blue

40. Sharpness from near to far is controlled by what?
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
Aperture
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.

41. This type of backup system is fault-tolerant because it creates redundant data.
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
RAID system
1/250th
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin

42. What kind of meter is built in to most cameras?
Reciprocal relationship
Blue & Green
Contrast
Reflected light meter

43. An incident-exposure reading for a fair-skinned subject reads f/8 - 1/125th at 100 ISO. The next subject is very dark skinned. What is the proper exposure for the second subject?

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44. The rule of thirds necessitates that the composition be divided into a grid of now many equal rectangles or squares?
Add magenta
Short lighting.
9
No

45. The term "ISO speed" is used to describe what?

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46. A tall vertical line on the right hand edge of a histogram indicates what?
A RAW file that has been altered
Yellow
Blown highlights
Cyan

47. How does 'unsharp mask' work?
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
A change in illumination
ISO

48. What angle of view does a spot meter read?
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
Variations command
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)

49. In the 20th century - black & white photographers used the Zone system to tame excessive contrast. Now - digital photographers use what?
Contrast
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
High Dynamic Range
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.

50. A lens with a very wide angle of view and produces barrel distortion is what kind of lens?
JPEG
Glossy paper
Fisheye
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.