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Certified Professional Photographer

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Instead of permanently altering your image when adjusting for color and value - what should you do?
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Use and adjustment layer
Contrast
Small light source at an angle to the subject

2. When mixed in varying proportion - the subtractive primary colors produce what?
All colors
Add magenta
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.

3. When the subtractive primaries are added together equally - what is created?
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
Black (0)
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.

4. This viewing option gives you the most accurate version of your image in Photoshop.
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
Actual Pixel view
In the middle
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment

5. Name 3 ways to make a tonal adjustment in Photoshop.
Reciprocal relationship
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.

6. What is TTL?
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
Soft proofing

7. when adjusting an image with levels - if you want to make any color neutral quickly - what would you do?
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.
RAID system
aperture diameter

8. What are the effects of high side lighting?
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
Aperture
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.

9. Resolution refers to what?
Dynamic range
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
1 or 2
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image

10. What do the bars on the left of a histogram represent?
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
A change in illumination
Black (0)

11. What is the CCD or CMOS sensor?

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12. Contrast measures what in a print?
The difference between light and dark.
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Selecting portions of the image based on color

13. What is dodging?
Contrast
Aperture and shutter
Add yellow
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area

14. What angle should a polarizing filter be to the sun for best results?
5 -000 Kelvin
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
Aperture-priority
Aperture and shutter

15. What do the bars on the right of a histogram represent?
Because you can move in close to the subject
Add cyan
Parallax
White (255)

16. To produce optimal sharpness - detail - and resolution - is a higher or lower ISO setting better?
8 bits
Lower
High Dynamic Range
Blue

17. This stores electronic images captured in a digital camera until they can be transferred to a computer.
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
lens-to-subject distance
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card

18. If an image is too yellow - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Lasso tool
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Add blue

19. What angle of view does a reflected light meter read?
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
In the middle
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically

20. A ring of thin - overlapping leaves located inside the lens is called what?
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.

21. What is the suggested shutter speed to stop action of a child running parallel to the film plan - about 25 feet from the camera?
1/250th
Contrast
International Organization for Standardization
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.

22. According to the Inverse Square Law - at a distance of 10 feet from a flash - the area illuminated receives how much more/less light than the area illuminated at 20 feet from the flash?
Variations command
Follow focus
four times more
Half as much light

23. To emphasize texture in a portrait - what kind of light source is recommended?
Black (0)
four times more
Follow focus
Small light source at an angle to the subject

24. What is a Bit?
Follow focus
flat - low contrast light
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.

25. What determines what will be a 'normal' focal length lens on a particular camera?
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
Add blue
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
Very wide at about 180 degrees

26. Using this kind of automatic exposure setting on the camera - you set the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture.
Shutter-priority
Shutter-Priority
Metadata
Shutter speed & aperture

27. All objects beyond the closest distance in focus will be sharp when this appears within the DOF scale.
5 -000 Kelvin
Infinity
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)

28. An incident-exposure reading for a fair-skinned subject reads f/8 - 1/125th at 100 ISO. The next subject is very dark skinned. What is the proper exposure for the second subject?

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29. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very dark scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
Metadata
Add magenta

30. What two controls adjust the amount of light that reaches the sensor?
Lasso tool
A change in illumination
Aperture and shutter
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.

31. An 8x10 at 240 dpi will have a resolution of what?
Lower
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
1 1/3 stops
The impression human vision gives

32. 8 bits per pixel gives you how many colors?
256
Bit
Dynamic range
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.

33. When doing close-up work - what happens to the depth of field when the subject is closer to the lens?
sensor
International Organization for Standardization
Shutter-Priority
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.

34. What are IPTC fields used for?
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)

35. Name 2 ways you can decrease depth of field.
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
Snoot
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
Reciprocal relationship

36. What is focal length - technically?
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
One stop
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.

37. Doubling the aperture setting creates how many stops difference in the amount of light reaching the sensor?
One stop
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
Parallax
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.

38. Panning does what?
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
Blue & Green
Flat lighting

39. Tungsten is approximately what color temperature?
3200 Kelvin
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
four times more
Add red

40. A histogram with peaks on either end of the histogram and a deep valley in between represents what?
A high contrast image
5 -000 Kelvin
Blue & Green
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.

41. Most inkjet printers intended for photographic printing include light and dark inks of all of the colors except for one. Which color ink is usually available only in one density?
256
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
Depth of field
Yellow

42. This type of backup system is fault-tolerant because it creates redundant data.
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
RAID system

43. What kind of lighting patter is useful to narrow a face?
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
Short lighting
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.

44. The relative aperture is equal to the lens focal length divided by what?
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
hue/saturation adjustment layer
aperture diameter

45. What is the term used to describe data contained in a digital image?
Contrast
Metadata
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.

46. This kind of lens has a variable focal length.
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
256
Zoom lens

47. What kind of light will be produced when using a large white umbrella close to a subject?
Reflected light meter
Glossy paper
flat - low contrast light
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)

48. If you must move to reduce the amount of flash reaching your subject - how far do you move?
The difference between light and dark.
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
Shutter-Priority

49. What is the effect of front lighting?
stopped down
The difference between light and dark.
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures

50. What is a derivative file?
Flat lighting
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
Blue
A RAW file that has been altered

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