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Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Daylight is approximately what color temperature?
Front lighting
5 -000 Kelvin
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.

2. The term "ISO speed" is used to describe what?

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3. What kind of film can help reduce haze in a landscape?
Infrared
8 stops
Very wide at about 180 degrees
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject

4. If an image is too green - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
1/250th
Add magenta
Dynamic range

5. What is the best color profile for web images?
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
factor of 2 = 1 stop compensation. (Each time a factor doubles - it's one additional stop)
sRGB

6. Whenever another image is copied or moved into a file - Photoshop automatically creates what?
Aperture-priority
A new layer
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.

7. According to the rule of thirds - where should the important parts of an image fall?
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
One stop
Parallax
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically

8. What angle of view does a spot meter read?
Fisheye
All colors
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree

9. Contrast measures what in a print?
Add magenta
256
A RAW file that has been altered
The difference between light and dark.

10. In short lighting - where is the main light placed?
JPEG
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)

11. Bit depth refers to what?
More of the background and foreground are sharp.
1 or 2
The amount of information contained in each pixel
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.

12. If your print will be viewed mostly under window light - what is the suggested Kelvin temperature of the lights you should use to evaluate your print?
5000K
8 bits
1/250th
More of the background and foreground are sharp.

13. This kind of lens has a variable focal length.
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
Zoom lens
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
Front lighting

14. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the aperture and the camera sets the shutter speed - what mode are you working in?
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan
Aperture-priority
Add blue

15. What are the effects of high side lighting?
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
Total number of pixels
ISO
1 1/3 stops

16. This light modifier can be used to highlight a specific area of the subject.
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
It increases
9
Snoot

17. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very light toned scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
Contrast
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)

18. What is focal length - technically?
emphasizes textures
Black (0)
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.

19. What is the inverse square law?
Selecting portions of the image based on color
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically

20. What is a thyristor?
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
Zoom lens
Shutter-Priority

21. What is TTL?
International Organization for Standardization
No
hue/saturation adjustment layer
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.

22. If an image is too magenta - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Add green
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
Fair Use
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject

23. The amount of motion blur in an image will increase if you do what?
3:1 or 4:1
Snoot
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed

24. As the aperture becomes smaller - what happens to the depth of field?
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
It increases
aperture diameter
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.

25. A color image with smooth gradiations requires at least what bit depth?
Convex
No
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card

26. This type of backup system is fault-tolerant because it creates redundant data.
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
The sensor's sensitivity to light
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
RAID system

27. Photoshop's command for a simple way to start using color balance is what?
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
Variations command
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
8 stops

28. A tall vertical line on the right hand edge of a histogram indicates what?
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
flat - low contrast light
Soft proofing
Blown highlights

29. What angle of view does an incident meter read?
JPEG
Add blue
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
Very wide at about 180 degrees

30. What are luminance and illuminance?
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
Because you can move in close to the subject

31. In a curves adjustment layer - what does the shape of the curve indicate?
Because you can move in close to the subject
Actual Pixel view
Contrast
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.

32. Can you save layers in a JPEG file format?
A raster image
Add green
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
No

33. What are IPTC fields used for?
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
four times more
5 -000 Kelvin

34. When the additive primaries are mixed together equally - what is created?
A change in illumination
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.

35. What two controls adjust the amount of light that reaches the sensor?
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
Reflected light meter
Yellow
Aperture and shutter

36. How can you change the brightness of the background when using flash?
3200 Kelvin
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
Aperture-Priority
Add yellow

37. What is the name of the technique used to make a monitor look like what you will see on your print?
Shutter-priority
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Soft proofing
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta

38. Name two ways you can increase depth of field (other than changing aperture).
8 bits
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
Add green
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color

39. A lens with a very wide angle of view and produces barrel distortion is what kind of lens?
A mathematical translator assigned to each piece of equipment you use (they map one gamut to another; and the ICC (or International Color Consortium) profile is usually shipped by the equipment manufacturer).
9
Fisheye
8 bits

40. What image adjustment tool uses a histogram display to alter an image?
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
Butterfly lighting
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image
Levels adjustment

41. If you must move to reduce the amount of flash reaching your subject - how far do you move?
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
four times more
1 1/3 stops

42. The area of acceptable sharpness in an image is called what?
JPEG
Snoot
Fair Use
Depth of field

43. What is dodging?
Flat lighting
Add magenta
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.

44. How would you define exposure in mathematical terms?
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
Cyan
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.

45. When buying a lens hood - you should get it in what size relative to the lens?

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46. How much resolution do you need for: Internet? Newspaper? Photographic print? Glossy magazine?
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
flat - low contrast light
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi

47. To emphasize texture in a portrait - what kind of light source is recommended?
Small light source at an angle to the subject
A new layer
sRGB
The amount of information contained in each pixel

48. Doubling the aperture setting creates how many stops difference in the amount of light reaching the sensor?
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
One stop
A mirror and pentaprism

49. If an image is too cyan - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
Blue & Green
Add red
A change in illumination

50. If an image is too red - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
four times more
Add cyan
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
Follow focus

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