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Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What angle of view does a reflected light meter read?
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.
3200 Kelvin
Additive (R - G - B)
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees

2. What are IPTC fields used for?
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.

3. Blue is opposite what color on the color wheel?
ISO
sRGB
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
Yellow

4. What is the usable exposure range - or range of subject brightness called?
Follow focus
Dynamic range
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
One stop less

5. What is the best color profile for web images?
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
sRGB
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker

6. If an image is too magenta - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Add green
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
Aperture-priority
3:1 or 4:1

7. What is the inverse square law?
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
Contrast
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.

8. The histogram of a properly exposed grey card will show a vertical bar where on the histogram?
In the middle
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
Follow focus
Add yellow

9. Maximum depth of field at a given aperture is achieved by focusing at what?
International Organization for Standardization
Half as much light
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.

10. If you must move to reduce the amount of flash reaching your subject - how far do you move?
Yellow
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
Short lighting
Selecting portions of the image based on color

11. What image adjustment tool uses a histogram display to alter an image?
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
Bit
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
Levels adjustment

12. If an image is too cyan - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
High Dynamic Range
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
Add red
9

13. Instead of permanently altering your image when adjusting for color and value - what should you do?
Zoom lens
Soft proofing
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
Use and adjustment layer

14. This kind of lens has a variable focal length.
8 stops
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Zoom lens

15. What do TTL systems react to?
Parallax
Very wide at about 180 degrees
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.

16. What kind of meter is built in to most cameras?
The difference between light and dark.
Reflected light meter
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.

17. A technique used to maintain sharp focus on a subject that is moving toward you is called what?
Depth of field
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
sRGB
Follow focus

18. Digital cameras use what set of primary colors?
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
Change the shutter speed. The longer the shutter speed - the lighter the background will be. The faster the shutter speed - the darker the background will be because less existing light is captured.
Additive (R - G - B)
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast

19. To minimize facial wrinkles - this type of lighting is best.
Aperture-priority
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
Front lighting
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.

20. Contrast measures what in a print?
Add green
One stop less
emphasizes textures
The difference between light and dark.

21. What are quad- and hex- tone printing?
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
The difference between light and dark.
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.

22. This stores electronic images captured in a digital camera until they can be transferred to a computer.
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
Add yellow
Flat lighting

23. Going clockwise around the color wheel - starting with RED - what is the progression of colors?
Shutter-priority
Aperture-Priority
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.

24. Panning does what?
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
All colors
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background

25. An incident-exposure reading for a fair-skinned subject reads f/8 - 1/125th at 100 ISO. The next subject is very dark skinned. What is the proper exposure for the second subject?

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26. 8 bits per pixel gives you how many colors?
256
Shutter-Priority
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
JPEG

27. What is the optical resolution on a scanner defined as?
Because you can move in close to the subject
White (255)
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)

28. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture - what mode are you working in?
Short lighting
Shutter-priority
Bit
Shutter-Priority

29. Most modern lenses are based on this kind of lens.
Short lighting.
Aperture and shutter
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
Convex

30. A filter with a factor of 2 requires how many stops of compensation?

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31. What is gamut?
The impression human vision gives
aperture diameter
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
Add green

32. What are luminance and illuminance?
Reflected light meter
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
Aperture-Priority
Snoot

33. How is brightness and contrast best controlled in Photoshop?
Dynamic range
Levels adjustment
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image

34. Using this kind of automatic exposure setting on the camera - you set the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture.
Shutter-Priority
Blue & Green
High Dynamic Range
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.

35. Copyright law has certain built-in exceptions that allow for special situations in using copyrighted material. They are called what?
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Add magenta
Fair Use

36. An 8x10 at 240 dpi will have a resolution of what?
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)
In the middle

37. If an image is too blue - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Follow focus
Add cyan
Depth of field
Add yellow

38. This type of file format compresses images by discarding pixels; therefore - each time an images is compressed - it loses pixels.
Depth of field
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
JPEG
All colors

39. What kind of lighting pattern is useful to widen a subject?
sRGB
JPEG
Broad lighting
Add yellow

40. What angle of view does an incident meter read?
Very wide at about 180 degrees
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
lens-to-subject distance
Contrast

41. The relative aperture is equal to the lens focal length divided by what?
aperture diameter
256
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
four times more

42. What kind of lighting pattern places the key light directly in front of and higher than the face?
Fisheye
Snoot
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
Butterfly lighting

43. When doing close-up work - what happens to the depth of field when the subject is closer to the lens?
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
A simple lens with two curved sides or one curved and one flat side; found in a compound lens.
hue/saturation adjustment layer
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.

44. To produce optimal sharpness - detail - and resolution - is a higher or lower ISO setting better?
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
Lower
lens-to-subject distance

45. According to the rule of thirds - where should the important parts of an image fall?
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
Magenta
ISO
Use and adjustment layer

46. When the subtractive primaries are added together equally - what is created?
Contrast
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
Short lighting.
Black. Subtractive primaries are Magenta - Yellow - Cyan

47. In a 2:1 ratio - the shadow side of the subject would meter at X stop(s) less than the highlight side.
A change in illumination
One stop less
aperture diameter
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card

48. Tungsten is approximately what color temperature?
Add cyan
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
3200 Kelvin
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.

49. Printers use what set of colors?
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
Infrared
Lower

50. A color image with smooth gradiations requires at least what bit depth?
24 bits per pixel (8 per color) - which gives 16 -777 -216 colors
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
Blue & Green
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed

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Certified Professional Photographer

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