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Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. In the 20th century - black & white photographers used the Zone system to tame excessive contrast. Now - digital photographers use what?
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.
aperture diameter
High Dynamic Range
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures

2. What kind of film can help reduce haze in a landscape?
The diaphragm - the mechanism that controls aperture.
Infrared
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
Because you can move in close to the subject

3. If you must move to reduce the amount of flash reaching your subject - how far do you move?
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
Aperture and shutter
Selecting portions of the image based on color

4. Most lenses are sharpest closed down to how many stops from the widest?
Lasso tool
1 or 2
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
In the middle

5. What is gamut?
Lasso tool
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Levels adjustment
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.

6. What determines what will be a 'normal' focal length lens on a particular camera?
In the middle
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
The amount of light reflected back from the subject during exposure.
Add yellow

7. The area of acceptable sharpness in an image is called what?
Depth of field
A new layer
Fair Use
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.

8. Copyright law has certain built-in exceptions that allow for special situations in using copyrighted material. They are called what?
Shutter-priority
Fair Use
It increases
International Organization for Standardization

9. Digital cameras use what set of primary colors?
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.
Additive (R - G - B)
Reflected light meter
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)

10. To produce optimal sharpness - detail - and resolution - is a higher or lower ISO setting better?
Shutter-Priority
Lower
International Organization for Standardization
Additive (R - G - B)

11. Daylight is approximately what color temperature?
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor
Short lighting
5 -000 Kelvin

12. An SLR camera uses what to allow you to see exactly what you'll photograph?
A raster image
A mirror and pentaprism
Bit
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.

13. How much resolution do you need for: Internet? Newspaper? Photographic print? Glossy magazine?
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi

14. Doubling the aperture setting creates how many stops difference in the amount of light reaching the sensor?
One stop
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
A mirror and pentaprism

15. What is TTL?
Through the Lens. A camera that can automatically control flash exposure using sensors inside the camera.
Very wide at about 180 degrees
Butterfly lighting
Aperture-Priority

16. Name two ways you can increase depth of field (other than changing aperture).
Shutter speed & aperture
Shutter-Priority
Add cyan
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject

17. A histogram with peaks on either end of the histogram and a deep valley in between represents what?
8 stops
Infinity
A high contrast image
Selecting portions of the image based on color

18. Stopping a lens down from f/8 to f/16 represents a X stop difference.
stopped down
four times more
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
Relative aperture. The opening on a long lens must be larger than a corresponding opening on a short lens to produce the same f-stops.

19. If an image is too cyan - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Parallax
Black (0)
Add magenta
Add red

20. What kind of lighting pattern places the key light directly in front of and higher than the face?
Use positive exposure compensation (overexposure). A reflected meter reading will attempt to make the scene 18% gray - employ overexposure to adjust.
lens-to-subject distance
Butterfly lighting
Broad lighting

21. What kind of lighting pattern is useful to widen a subject?
Broad lighting
8 bits
One stop
The number of pixels per unit of length in a image

22. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the aperture and the camera sets the shutter speed - what mode are you working in?
Aperture
Half as much light
It increases
Aperture-priority

23. The quantity of light that reaches your sensor is controlled by what?
Follow focus
Shutter speed & aperture
Lasso tool
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.

24. What would you use an ICC profile for?
Parallax
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment
To send accurate color requirements to a printer.

25. A lens with a very wide angle of view and produces barrel distortion is what kind of lens?
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
Fisheye
Butterfly lighting
Variations command

26. When buying a lens hood - you should get it in what size relative to the lens?

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27. The term "ISO speed" is used to describe what?

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28. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture - what mode are you working in?
Half as much light
A high contrast image
Shutter-priority
Aperture-Priority

29. Using this kind of automatic exposure setting on the camera - you set the aperture and the camera sets the shutter speed.
Aperture-Priority
Parallax
The impression human vision gives
In the middle

30. What is the name of the issue that prevents you from seeing exactly what the lens sees when using a rangefinder camera?
Parallax
8 bits
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor

31. Printers use what set of colors?
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
1 or 2

32. A filter with a factor of 2 requires how many stops of compensation?

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33. Color systems divide all colors into which three measurements?
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
The amount of information contained in each pixel
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.

34. when adjusting an image with levels - if you want to make any color neutral quickly - what would you do?
Butterfly lighting
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)

35. If an image is too blue - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Very wide at about 180 degrees
Add yellow
Follow focus
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.

36. All objects beyond the closest distance in focus will be sharp when this appears within the DOF scale.
Yellow
Lower
Infinity
One stop

37. According to the Inverse Square Law - at a distance of 10 feet from a flash - the area illuminated receives how much more/less light than the area illuminated at 20 feet from the flash?
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
Aperture - focal length - and distance to the subject
Add green
four times more

38. How does 'unsharp mask' work?
The sensor that converts the image from analog to digital (1's and 0's) CCD=charge coupled device; CMOS=complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Fair Use
1/250th
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.

39. Why does a short lens create wide-angle distortion?
JPEG
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
One stop less
Because you can move in close to the subject

40. What is the term used to describe a sensor's sensitivity to light?
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.
Add yellow
ISO
Dynamic range

41. Name 2 ways you can decrease depth of field.
Infrared
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
Because you can move in close to the subject
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject

42. Focal length controls what?
Levels adjustment
1) Magnification - or the size of the subject; 2) Angle of view
Magenta
The brightness of the light that reaches the sensor

43. Most modern lenses are based on this kind of lens.
White (255)
Actual Pixel view
Convex
The difference between light and dark.

44. What is a thyristor?
Fair Use
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
3:1 or 4:1

45. The smallest unit of digital information is called a what?
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
3200 Kelvin
1/250th
Bit

46. How is brightness and contrast best controlled in Photoshop?
Add yellow
Snoot
A raster image
Levels adjustment

47. What is the CCD or CMOS sensor?

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48. What are quad- and hex- tone printing?
Follow focus
Broad lighting
Inkjet black & white printing where color cartridges are replaced with shades of gray - resulting in smooth tones and slight color cast
Fisheye

49. Can you save layers in a JPEG file format?
International Organization for Standardization
Glossy paper
No
A change in illumination

50. This type of file format compresses images by discarding pixels; therefore - each time an images is compressed - it loses pixels.
Follow focus
1 or 2
Add magenta
JPEG

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