Test your basic knowledge |

Certified Professional Photographer

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. This type of backup system is fault-tolerant because it creates redundant data.
stopped down
RAID system
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
Soft proofing

2. Generally - traditional portraits use what lighting ratio?
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
3:1 or 4:1
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)

3. What is the general rule of thumb for the measurement of a 'normal' lens?
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
All colors
Aperture
Fisheye

4. What are IPTC fields used for?
Metadata fields that hold info on photographer - subject - and use.
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
1 1/3 stops
A new layer

5. A normal (or standard) focal length lens approximates what?
The impression human vision gives
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
Similar to a normal lens at about 30 degrees
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.

6. 8 bits per pixel gives you how many colors?
Magenta
256
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)
Metamerism

7. If you're working with an automatic camera and you set the aperture and the camera sets the shutter speed - what mode are you working in?
Aperture-priority
lens-to-subject distance
Variations command
hue/saturation adjustment layer

8. Bit depth refers to what?
The amount of information contained in each pixel
Selectively blocking light during print exposure to lighten the area
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
Metamerism

9. Sharpness from near to far is controlled by what?
Aperture
Parallax
Snoot
3:1 or 4:1

10. What is gamut?
The brightness of all the pixels in an image
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
ISO
Variations command

11. Name 3 ways to make a tonal adjustment in Photoshop.
Levels adjustment
Add blue
A change in illumination
Curves adjustment; Levels adjustment; Brighteness/Contrast adjustment

12. An incident-exposure reading for a fair-skinned subject reads f/8 - 1/125th at 100 ISO. The next subject is very dark skinned. What is the proper exposure for the second subject?

13. An SLR camera uses what to allow you to see exactly what you'll photograph?
Shutter-priority
It decreases. A 50mm lens at 12 inches and f/4 has a DOF of 1/16th of an inch. At f/11 - it increases to only 1/2 an inch.
Short lighting.
A mirror and pentaprism

14. The useable exposure range of a sensor - or the range of subject brightness is called what?
dynamic range (not to be confused with gamut)
Add blue
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
Short lighting.

15. What is interpolated resolution?
aperture diameter
On a scanner; it guesses what the pixels look like in between the ones the scanner can actually measure.
Two (f/8 > f/11 > f/16)
Aperture-priority

16. How much resolution do you need for: Internet? Newspaper? Photographic print? Glossy magazine?
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
Internet = 72 dpi; Newspaper = 150 dpi; Photographic print = 240-300 dpi; Gloss magazine = 400 dpi
Sensor size - the larger the sensor size - the longer the focal length of a normal lens. (Corresponds to a diagonal line across the frame)
Depth of field

17. Generally - how much exposure compensation (in stops) should be used when using a polarizing filter?
1 1/3 stops
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree
Magenta
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light

18. Copyright law has certain built-in exceptions that allow for special situations in using copyrighted material. They are called what?
Fair Use
JPEG
Subtractive primaries (plus black)
Aperture and shutter

19. Name two ways you can increase depth of field (other than changing aperture).
Parallax
Blown highlights
8 stops
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject

20. What is a Bit?
sensor
The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a zero. It can only represent two possibilities - either yes or no - black or white.
Additive (R - G - B)
Maybe as little as 0.5 degrees or 1 degree

21. What does a neutral density filter do?
bend toward each other and converge at the focal point.
hue/saturation adjustment layer
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
Absorbs equal quantities of all wavelengths of light. It allows you to use wider apertures or slower shutter speeds without changing color balance.

22. Contrast measures what in a print?
lengthen (or slow) the shutter speed
Parallax
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
The difference between light and dark.

23. What is the CCD or CMOS sensor?

24. What are luminance and illuminance?
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta
Metadata
Luminance is light reflected from the subject (measured by a reflected-light meter) - while Illuminance is light falling on a subject (as measured with an incident light meter)
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.

25. What is the inverse square law?
Selecting portions of the image based on color
One stop less
The intensity of the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from light to subject. At twice the distance from the subject - the light illuminates only 1/4 of the original.
Click with the neutral-point dropper on the selected color

26. What kind of lighting pattern is best for average oval faces and round faces you want to slim?
Short lighting.
256
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
(X times Y = exposure) Intensity (aperture) x Time (shutter)

27. If an image is too red - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Add cyan
No change. The EXPOSURE doesn't change or it would also change the background as well. Move the lights to adjust.
Hue - Luminance - Saturation
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."

28. An 8x10 at 240 dpi will have a resolution of what?
The difference between light and dark.
Flat lighting
emphasizes textures
1920 pixels by 2400 pixels (4.6 million pixels)

29. What is the effect of front lighting?
Flattens out the volume of the subject and minimizes textures
1) Use a shorter focal length; 2) Move farther away from the subject
Very wide at about 180 degrees
90 degrees. If using to eliminate reflections - it should be used at 35 degrees.

30. In a 2:1 ratio - the shadow side of the subject would meter at X stop(s) less than the highlight side.
It should match the focal length. Too wide and it's inefficient; too narrow and it will vignette; most likely to occur with wide angle of 28mm and below.
One stop less
Contrast
It emphasizes the edges between tones. A threshold of zero affects all pixels - a higher threshold affects just the edges with high tonal difference and minimizes noise.

31. This stores electronic images captured in a digital camera until they can be transferred to a computer.
Reciprocal relationship
RAID system
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
High Dynamic Range

32. What do the bars on the right of a histogram represent?
White (255)
Short lighting
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
Levels adjustment

33. What light source has the highest color temperature?
9
Lower
Direct sun at 11 -000 Kelvin
Infrared

34. A lens with a very wide angle of view and produces barrel distortion is what kind of lens?
8 stops
No
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
Fisheye

35. Most modern lenses are based on this kind of lens.
The entire range of colors that can be seen - reproduced - or captured. Our eyes have a greater gamut than a print or monitor.
A light-sensitive cell or sensor inside a flash unit that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject when a flash is used.
Convex
Parallax

36. If you must move to reduce the amount of flash reaching your subject - how far do you move?
One stop less
Soft proofing
To create a 1-stop difference - multiply the original distance by 1.4. Example - if you were originally 5 feet away - a 1-stop difference would have you step back to 7 feet.
9

37. If an image is too yellow - what color adjustment should be made in Photoshop to correct it?
Add blue
Creates deep shadows in eye pockets - under nose - and chin.
four times more
Small light source at an angle to the subject

38. The term "ISO speed" is used to describe what?

39. Color systems divide all colors into which three measurements?
To strike the side of the face away from the camera.
Bit
256
Hue - Luminance - Saturation

40. All objects beyond the closest distance in focus will be sharp when this appears within the DOF scale.
Selecting portions of the image based on color
Infinity
International Organization for Standardization
Blown highlights

41. When the additive primaries are mixed together equally - what is created?
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
The diagonal measurement of the sensor.
Flat lighting

42. Blue is opposite what color on the color wheel?
Hyperfocal distance. A lens focused at the hyperfocal distance has depth of field extending from approximately half the hyperfocal distance to infinity - whereas a lens focused at infinity has a depth of field only at infinity.
Yellow
Variations command
hue/saturation adjustment layer

43. What kind of lighting pattern is useful to widen a subject?
An 8-BIT sequence that represents 256 possibilities - black & white & 254 shades of grey. The size of a file is the number of bytes it contains.
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
Along the lines of an imaginary grid at intersecting points that divide the image into thirds horizontally and vertically
Broad lighting

44. Using this kind of automatic exposure setting on the camera - you set the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture.
Because you can move in close to the subject
Also called a gobo; it is a small panel usually mounted on a stand that shades some part of the subject or shields the lens from light that could cause flare
Shutter-Priority
Add red

45. Name 2 ways you can decrease depth of field.
1) Use a longer lens; 2) Move closer to the subject
a sensor (or film's) sensitivity to light
5 -000 Kelvin
Red - Yellow - Green - Cyan - Blue - Magenta

46. What is burning?
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
Aperture and shutter
Lower
The distance between the lens rear nodal point and the focal plane when the lens is focused at infinity.

47. An in-camera reflected meter reading a very dark scene indicates an exposure of 1/250th at f/8. For a correct exposure - what should you do?
In the middle
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."
Use negative exposure compensation (underexpose). The meter will attempt to make the dark scene 18% grey - underexpose to bring it back to dark.
Cyan

48. A magic wand tool is used for what?
In the middle
Selectively increasing print exposure - which will make select parts of the image darker
Selecting portions of the image based on color
Close-ups that are life-size or larger. Images through microscopes are "photomicrographs."

49. What are the effects of high side lighting?
White (additive primaries are Red - Green Blue)
ISO
With the Main at 45 degrees to one side and 45 degrees above subject - it is a classic angle for portraits. It seems natural and flattering and models the face into 3D form.
Metamerism

50. What is the optical resolution on a scanner defined as?
The pixels per inch a scanner is capable of capturing often described as two numbers (i.e. 1200x2400)
Memory card / flash card / compact flash card
Keeps a moving subject sharp while blurring the background
8 stops