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CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution

Subjects : clep, science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Despite their image as brutish simpletons - _____________were the first humans to bury their dead with artifacts - indicating abstract thought - perhaps a belief in an after-life.






2. A ____________ tree is a graphical means to depict the evolutionary relationships of a group of organisms.






3. The only kingdom which consists of prokaryotes is the __________ kingdom.






4. Darwin's Finches illustrated ___________ ____________. This is where species all deriving from a common ancestor have over time successfully adapted to their environment via natural selection.






5. Extinctions - mostly at the level of species - have been occurring constantly at a low 'background rate' - usually matched by the rate at which new species appear - with the result that ____________ is constantly increasing.






6. The study of ____________ ____________ supports the claim of a common origin of organisms.






7. There are certain animals with intermediate characters between two major groups of animals. They are called ___________ _____.






8. At some time in their life cycle - chordates have a pair of lateral gill slits or pouches used to obtain __________ in a liquid environment.






9. Primates evolved about approximately 30 million years ago in ___________. One branch of primates evolved into the Old and New World Monkeys - the other into the hominoids (the line of descent common to both apes and man).






10. Homology has to be distinguished from ___________; for instance - the wings of insects and the wings of birds are analogous but not homologous.






11. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck (1744-1829) developed one of the first theories on how species changed. Lamarck - in 1809 - concluded that organisms of higher complexity had __________ from preexisting - less complex organisms.






12. Most anthropologists agree that the ______ _______ was populated by a series of three migrations over the temporary land connection between Asia and North America.






13. There are at least ___________ of animals. Humans are members of the phylum Chordata.






14. Such a dual level designation is referred to as a _________ nomenclature.






15. The Linnaean system uses two Latin name categories - ________ and species - to designate each type of organism.






16. The highest category in the Linnaean system of classification is the __________. At this level - organisms are distinguished on the basis of cellular organization and methods of nutrition.






17. If a population began with a few individuals - one or more of whom carried a particular allele - that allele may come to be represented in many of the descendants. This is known as ____________.






18. Darwin reported that all organisms tend to _____________ in a geometric ratio provided there are no environmental checks. Even slow breeding animals like the elephant may theoretically give rise to 19 million descendants in a period of 750 years.






19. Humans are ____________ - meaning we walk on two of our limbs. The amount of melanin in our skin is representative of the environment we live in - i.e. dark skinned people occupy hotter climates.






20. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of the same species.






21. Members of the phylum _____________ have soft - unsegmented bodies that are usually - but not always - enclosed in hard shells.






22. ___________ speciation happens when members of a population develop some genetic difference that prevents them from reproducing with the parent type.






23. The Neolithic transition - about 10 -000 years ago - involved the change from __________-__________ societies to agricultural ones based on cultivation of plants and domesticated animals.






24. _______________ is that branch of biology dealing with the identification and naming of organisms.






25. A ___________ can be defined as one or more populations of interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated in nature from all other organisms.






26. Linnaeus placed all monkeys and apes along with humans into the order _________






27. In a genetic drift the entire population may become homozygous for the allele or - equally likely - the allele may disappear. Before either of these fates occurs - the allele represents a Polymorphism. This is a case of polymorphism through...






28. Prior to the scientific discoveries of the past 200 years - _____________ from the Book Of Genesis described how living things came into being.






29. In the 1680s Ariaantje and Gerrit Jansz emigrated from Holland to South Africa - one of them bringing along an allele for the mild metabolic disease porphyria. Today more than 30000 South Africans carry this allele and - in every case examined - can






30. Animals and plants show variations in physical structure. Some of these variations are simply caused by external conditions (environmental) - such as accidents - temperature - food abundance - etc.. ___________ variations have no effect on evolution






31. Differential reproduction allows one species to gradually evolve into a new species. This is the process of ____________.






32. _________ evidence shows that the horse has undergone considerable evolutionary change over a period of 60 million years.






33. Homo erectus was the first hominid to use ___________ - and have social structures for food gathering.






34. About 1.8 million years ago - early Homo gave rise to _______ ________ - the species thought to have been ancestral to our own.






35. ___________ is a specific explanation of similarity of form seen in the biological world. In genetics - it is used in reference to protein or DNA sequences - meaning that the given sequences share ancestry.






36. Homology is also seen in the structure of eye - brain - joint appendages of arthropods - etc. It is thus evidence for ____________.






37. _________ ______ disease causes anemia - joint pain - a swollen spleen - and frequent - severe infections. It illustrates balanced polymorphism because carriers are resistant to malaria - an infection by the parasite that causes cycles of chills and






38. The _______-_________ Law states that an equilibrium of allele frequencies in a gene pool remains in effect in each succeeding generation of a sexually reproducing population if five conditions are met.






39. All organisms are placed into one of five kingdoms: Monera - Protista - ________ - Plantae - Animalia.






40. Populations begin to diverge when gene flow between them is restricted. Geographic isolation is often the first step in ____________ speciation.






41. The early stages of development of the ___________ of fish - salamander - tortoise - hen and man show remarkable similarity.






42. A Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium provides a ___________ by which to judge whether evolution has occurred.






43. Humans who have produced offspring that successfully live in a ________ environment tend to be broader and smaller in stature while hotter environments are occupied by thinner taller humans.






44. The ____________ mammals occupy Australia - and differ from placental mammals because they bear their young inside a pouch (instead of a placenta).






45. ___________ evolution is an evolutionary process in which organisms not closely related independently acquire some characteristic or characteristics in common.






46. ____________ organs are formed on the same basic plan though they may be modified variously to perform different functions. They must have a common ancestral structure which gave rise to different modifications.






47. Almost all _________ organisms are either plants or animals.






48. When Charles Darwin was in the Galapagos islands - one of the first things he noticed is the variety of ___________ that existed on each of the islands.






49. The ______-____-______ Hypothesis proposes that some Homo erectus remained in Africa and continued to evolve into Homo sapiens - and left Africa about 100 -000-200 -000 years ago. From a single source - Homo sapiens replaced all populations of Homo e






50. ______________ struggle is the struggle of organisms against the physical environment.