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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution
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Subjects
:
clep
,
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Biodiversity crashes during ________ extinctions. This has been a powerful force in evolution - wiping the slate clean of up to 96% of all species - and providing the survivors with a world full of opportunities into which they can diversify.
Embryos
Bipedal
Mass
Monera
2. According to Darwin - in spite of the high reproductive potential - the number of individuals in a species remains relatively constant - suggesting _____________ for existence.
Natural selection
Genus
Genetic
Struggle
3. For humans - the complete classification is: Kingdom (Animalia); Phylum (__________); Class (Mammalia); Order (Primates); Family (Hominidae); Genus (Homo); Species (Sapiens).
Intraspecific
Macroscopic.
New World
Chordata
4. ______________ struggle is the struggle of organisms against the physical environment.
Environmental
Creationism
Cold
Species
5. _________ ______ disease causes anemia - joint pain - a swollen spleen - and frequent - severe infections. It illustrates balanced polymorphism because carriers are resistant to malaria - an infection by the parasite that causes cycles of chills and
Dinosaurs
Allopatric
Chance
Sickle Cell
6. The highest category in the Linnaean system of classification is the __________. At this level - organisms are distinguished on the basis of cellular organization and methods of nutrition.
Fossil
Out-of-Africa
Kingdom
Phylogenetic
7. The mutation may be harmful (resulting in a reduced probability of survival for the organism involved) - ____________ (it might also do its intended job better) or merely neutral (no effect at all).
33 phyla
Beneficial
Africa
Protista
8. ___________ speciation happens when members of a population develop some genetic difference that prevents them from reproducing with the parent type.
Embryos
Out-of-Africa
Sympatric
Protista
9. Darwin's Finches illustrated ___________ ____________. This is where species all deriving from a common ancestor have over time successfully adapted to their environment via natural selection.
Extinction
Adaptive radiation
Oxygen
Homologous
10. Extinctions - mostly at the level of species - have been occurring constantly at a low 'background rate' - usually matched by the rate at which new species appear - with the result that ____________ is constantly increasing.
Biodiversity
Mutations
Seven
Function
11. Almost all _________ organisms are either plants or animals.
Struggle
Adaptive radiation
Macroscopic.
Hardy-Weinberg
12. Most anthropologists agree that the ______ _______ was populated by a series of three migrations over the temporary land connection between Asia and North America.
New World
Evolution
Struggle
Embryos
13. Darwin reported that all organisms tend to _____________ in a geometric ratio provided there are no environmental checks. Even slow breeding animals like the elephant may theoretically give rise to 19 million descendants in a period of 750 years.
Increase
Mollusca
Connecting links
Embryos
14. Mammals developed from primitive mammal-like reptiles during the __________ Period - some 200-245 million years ago.
Triassic
Balanced
Sympatric
Analogy
15. As populations diverge - they form similar but related species. When are two populations new species? When populations no longer _____________ they are thought to be separate species.
Africa
Interbreed
Out-of-Africa
Phylum
16. If a population began with a few individuals - one or more of whom carried a particular allele - that allele may come to be represented in many of the descendants. This is known as ____________.
Polymorphism
Differential
Species
Interbreed
17. Any change of _________ frequencies in a gene pool indicates that evolution has occurred. The Hardy-Weinberg law proposes that those factors that violate the conditions listed - cause evolution.
Allele
Homo erectus
Fossil
Intraspecific
18. When carriers have advantages that allow a detrimental allele to persist in a population - ______________ polymorphism is at work.
Mammals.
Homo erectus
Balanced
Punctuated
19. _____________ can occur randomly - from radiation damage (impact with high energy g-rays or cosmic rays) - from exposure to chemical agents called mutagens - or simply by error in the DNA replication process.
Elongation
DNA
New World
Mutations
20. In the 1680s Ariaantje and Gerrit Jansz emigrated from Holland to South Africa - one of them bringing along an allele for the mild metabolic disease porphyria. Today more than 30000 South Africans carry this allele and - in every case examined - can
Founder.
Creationism
Sympatric
Oxygen
21. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of different species.
Interspecific
Phylogenetic
Seven
Protista
22. The most recent mass extinction - the K-T extinction at the end of the Cretaceous period - is best known for having wiped out the __________ .
Evolution
Dinosaurs
Primates
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
23. Populations begin to diverge when gene flow between them is restricted. Geographic isolation is often the first step in ____________ speciation.
Genetic drift
Allopatric
Change
Genetic
24. ___________ evolution is an evolutionary process in which organisms not closely related independently acquire some characteristic or characteristics in common.
Kingdom
Convergent
New World
Creationism
25. The early stages of development of the ___________ of fish - salamander - tortoise - hen and man show remarkable similarity.
Seven
Embryos
Chance
Sympatric
26. Because organisms are continually tested by their changing ______________ - their forms change to suit new conditions.
Environment
Embryos
Code
Biodiversity
27. All organisms are placed into one of five kingdoms: Monera - Protista - ________ - Plantae - Animalia.
Fungi
Biodiversity
Hardy-Weinberg
Convergent
28. Except for the tail fins - whales greatly resemble fish in outline - but are instead descended from four-legged land ___________.
Mammals.
Protoplasm
Out-of-Africa
Evolution
29. There are certain animals with intermediate characters between two major groups of animals. They are called ___________ _____.
Connecting links
Creationism
Polymorphism
Environment
30. Homology was defined by Darwin as similarity of structure and position - and distinguished from 'analogy -' which was defined as similarity of _____________ but not necessarily of structure and position.
Balanced
Neanderthals
Extinction
Function
31. Such a dual level designation is referred to as a _________ nomenclature.
Beneficial
Binomial
Out-of-Africa
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
32. The Regional ___________ Hypothesis suggests that regional populations of H. erectus evolved into H. sapiens through interbreeding between the various populations.
Extinction
Genetic
Continuity
Primates
33. __________ are the remains of organisms that lived in the past.
Cold
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Species
Comparative anatomy.
34. The ______-____-______ Hypothesis proposes that some Homo erectus remained in Africa and continued to evolve into Homo sapiens - and left Africa about 100 -000-200 -000 years ago. From a single source - Homo sapiens replaced all populations of Homo e
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Out-of-Africa
Differential
Analogy
35. At some time in their life cycle - chordates have a pair of lateral gill slits or pouches used to obtain __________ in a liquid environment.
Fossil
Oxygen
Baseline
33 phyla
36. A ___________ can be defined as one or more populations of interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated in nature from all other organisms.
Species
Hunter-gatherer
Biodiversity
Sexually
37. Almost all living organisms use the same basic biochemical molecules - including DNA - ATP - and many identical or nearly identical enzymes. Organisms utilize the same DNA triplet base _________ and the same 20 amino acids in their proteins
Africa
Fungi
Protista
Code
38. Heritable variations are called _____________ variations. Such variations arising from changes in DNA are passed on within families and to the offspring from the parents.
Dinosaurs
Finches
Genetic
Function
39. Scientific classification sorts living organisms by _________ levels of classification - kingdom; phylum; class; order; family; genus; and species.
Homologous
Intraspecific
Phylum
Seven
40. Homo erectus was the first hominid to use ___________ - and have social structures for food gathering.
Fire
Convergent
Increase
Homology
41. An important step toward the modern theory of evolution came in the 1760's - when Count George-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1707-1788) published his Natural History of Animals with the idea that species __________ over time.
Continuity
New World
Change
Adaptive radiation
42. The only kingdom which consists of prokaryotes is the __________ kingdom.
Seven
Monera
Sickle Cell
Baseline
43. ____________ organs are formed on the same basic plan though they may be modified variously to perform different functions. They must have a common ancestral structure which gave rise to different modifications.
Seven
Evolved
Adaptive radiation
Homologous
44. An allele may increase - or decrease - in frequency simply through ___________. Not every member of the population will become a parent and not every set of parents will produce the same number of offspring.
Chance
Interbreed
Continuity
Cold
45. Immediately below kingdom is the _________ level of classification. At this level - animals are grouped together based on similarities in basic body plan or organization.
Natural selection
Monera
Protista
Phylum
46. The study of ____________ ____________ supports the claim of a common origin of organisms.
Biodiversity
Comparative anatomy.
Evolution
Beneficial
47. There are at least ___________ of animals. Humans are members of the phylum Chordata.
Allopatric
33 phyla
DNA
Sexually
48. When Charles Darwin was in the Galapagos islands - one of the first things he noticed is the variety of ___________ that existed on each of the islands.
33 phyla
Evolved
Allele
Finches
49. Despite their image as brutish simpletons - _____________were the first humans to bury their dead with artifacts - indicating abstract thought - perhaps a belief in an after-life.
Polymorphism
Neanderthals
Extinction
Genetic drift
50. Charles Darwin published a book The Origin of Species in the year 1859. He proposed that the new species came about by a process called ___________ __________.
Natural selection
Embryos
Analogy
Homologous
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