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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution
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Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. ______________ struggle is the struggle of organisms against the physical environment.
Somatic
Environmental
Natural selection
Homo erectus
2. There are at least ___________ of animals. Humans are members of the phylum Chordata.
DNA
33 phyla
Primates
Dinosaurs
3. Biodiversity crashes during ________ extinctions. This has been a powerful force in evolution - wiping the slate clean of up to 96% of all species - and providing the survivors with a world full of opportunities into which they can diversify.
Interspecific
Genetic drift
Kingdom
Mass
4. _______________ is that branch of biology dealing with the identification and naming of organisms.
Finches
Mimicry
Embryos
Taxonomy
5. ____________ reproduction - whether reproduction proceeds with lesser or greater success - is central to the process of natural selection; it determines whether a given mutation becomes established in the general population.
Intraspecific
Differential
Fire
Adaptive radiation
6. Despite their image as brutish simpletons - _____________were the first humans to bury their dead with artifacts - indicating abstract thought - perhaps a belief in an after-life.
New World
Cold
Evolution
Neanderthals
7. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of the same species.
Intraspecific
Biodiversity
Increase
Seven
8. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck (1744-1829) developed one of the first theories on how species changed. Lamarck - in 1809 - concluded that organisms of higher complexity had __________ from preexisting - less complex organisms.
Sexually
Africa
Evolved
Baseline
9. Primates evolved about approximately 30 million years ago in ___________. One branch of primates evolved into the Old and New World Monkeys - the other into the hominoids (the line of descent common to both apes and man).
Sexually
Function
Africa
Taxonomy
10. The only kingdom which consists of prokaryotes is the __________ kingdom.
Macroscopic.
Interbreed
Monera
Sympatric
11. A Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium provides a ___________ by which to judge whether evolution has occurred.
Polymorphism
Protoplasm
Adaptive radiation
Baseline
12. An important step toward the modern theory of evolution came in the 1760's - when Count George-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1707-1788) published his Natural History of Animals with the idea that species __________ over time.
Change
Baseline
Evolution
Interbreed
13. When Charles Darwin was in the Galapagos islands - one of the first things he noticed is the variety of ___________ that existed on each of the islands.
Sickle Cell
Interspecific
Finches
Embryos
14. Homology was defined by Darwin as similarity of structure and position - and distinguished from 'analogy -' which was defined as similarity of _____________ but not necessarily of structure and position.
Function
Bipedal
Analogy
Interbreed
15. The study of ____________ ____________ supports the claim of a common origin of organisms.
Intraspecific
Comparative anatomy.
Homology
Homo
16. A ___________ can be defined as one or more populations of interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated in nature from all other organisms.
Monera
Neanderthals
Evolution
Species
17. In species which reproduce _____________ - extinction of a species is generally inevitable when there is only one individual of that species left - or only individuals of a single sex.
Balanced
Sympatric
Differential
Sexually
18. Almost all _________ organisms are either plants or animals.
Fire
Protoplasm
33 phyla
Macroscopic.
19. Differential reproduction allows one species to gradually evolve into a new species. This is the process of ____________.
Binomial
Homo
Taxonomy
Evolution
20. An allele may increase - or decrease - in frequency simply through ___________. Not every member of the population will become a parent and not every set of parents will produce the same number of offspring.
Sickle Cell
Environmental
Baseline
Chance
21. ___________ evolution is an evolutionary process in which organisms not closely related independently acquire some characteristic or characteristics in common.
Change
Convergent
Binomial
Protista
22. In a genetic drift the entire population may become homozygous for the allele or - equally likely - the allele may disappear. Before either of these fates occurs - the allele represents a Polymorphism. This is a case of polymorphism through...
Finches
Allopatric
Genetic drift
Phylum
23. The Regional ___________ Hypothesis suggests that regional populations of H. erectus evolved into H. sapiens through interbreeding between the various populations.
Sexually
Mass
Continuity
Homology
24. _____________ is the accumulation of small changes in a gene pool over a relatively short period.
Homology
Macroscopic.
Neanderthals
Microevolution
25. Homology is also seen in the structure of eye - brain - joint appendages of arthropods - etc. It is thus evidence for ____________.
Evolution
Convergent
Mollusca
Protista
26. Homo erectus was the first hominid to use ___________ - and have social structures for food gathering.
Fire
Mammals.
Polymorphism
Taxonomy
27. For humans - the complete classification is: Kingdom (Animalia); Phylum (__________); Class (Mammalia); Order (Primates); Family (Hominidae); Genus (Homo); Species (Sapiens).
Chordata
Code
Evolution
Struggle
28. _____________ can occur randomly - from radiation damage (impact with high energy g-rays or cosmic rays) - from exposure to chemical agents called mutagens - or simply by error in the DNA replication process.
Embryos
Mutations
Analogy
Homologous
29. Darwin reported that all organisms tend to _____________ in a geometric ratio provided there are no environmental checks. Even slow breeding animals like the elephant may theoretically give rise to 19 million descendants in a period of 750 years.
Allele
Increase
Homo erectus
Analogy
30. There are certain animals with intermediate characters between two major groups of animals. They are called ___________ _____.
Chordata
Connecting links
Environmental
33 phyla
31. Immediately below kingdom is the _________ level of classification. At this level - animals are grouped together based on similarities in basic body plan or organization.
Chance
Phylum
Binomial
Protoplasm
32. The ____________ mammals occupy Australia - and differ from placental mammals because they bear their young inside a pouch (instead of a placenta).
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Founder.
Binomial
Change
33. ____________ organs are formed on the same basic plan though they may be modified variously to perform different functions. They must have a common ancestral structure which gave rise to different modifications.
Intraspecific
Homologous
Comparative anatomy.
Extinction
34. Humans are ____________ - meaning we walk on two of our limbs. The amount of melanin in our skin is representative of the environment we live in - i.e. dark skinned people occupy hotter climates.
Punctuated
Continuity
Bipedal
Primates
35. ___________ speciation happens when members of a population develop some genetic difference that prevents them from reproducing with the parent type.
33 phyla
Dinosaurs
Sympatric
Phylogenetic
36. The Neolithic transition - about 10 -000 years ago - involved the change from __________-__________ societies to agricultural ones based on cultivation of plants and domesticated animals.
Hunter-gatherer
Code
Fossil
Primates
37. Linnaeus placed all monkeys and apes along with humans into the order _________
Primates
Homology
Connecting links
Genetic
38. _________ ______ disease causes anemia - joint pain - a swollen spleen - and frequent - severe infections. It illustrates balanced polymorphism because carriers are resistant to malaria - an infection by the parasite that causes cycles of chills and
Interbreed
Primates
Sickle Cell
Mammals.
39. Almost all living organisms use the same basic biochemical molecules - including DNA - ATP - and many identical or nearly identical enzymes. Organisms utilize the same DNA triplet base _________ and the same 20 amino acids in their proteins
Homo
Somatic
Kingdom
Code
40. Members of the phylum _____________ have soft - unsegmented bodies that are usually - but not always - enclosed in hard shells.
Mammals.
Change
Somatic
Mollusca
41. The ______-____-______ Hypothesis proposes that some Homo erectus remained in Africa and continued to evolve into Homo sapiens - and left Africa about 100 -000-200 -000 years ago. From a single source - Homo sapiens replaced all populations of Homo e
Out-of-Africa
Allele
Homo
Microevolution
42. Some important structural changes during the evolution of horse are: Increase in size from 11' (Eohippus) to about 60' (Equus) - and ___________ of the head and neck so as that it can reach the ground.
Elongation
Convergent
33 phyla
Genetic
43. Speciation by ____________ Equilibrium involves a group of creatures which gets isolated from the rest of their species.
Hunter-gatherer
Intraspecific
Punctuated
Protoplasm
44. If a population began with a few individuals - one or more of whom carried a particular allele - that allele may come to be represented in many of the descendants. This is known as ____________.
Fossil
Polymorphism
Extinction
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
45. _________ evidence shows that the horse has undergone considerable evolutionary change over a period of 60 million years.
Triassic
Fossil
Phylogenetic
Interbreed
46. At the molecular level - life's ability to reproduce begins with the replication of ____________ - during which two new spirals are created that are exact replicas of the original molecule.
Convergent
Homology
Natural selection
DNA
47. Organisms struggle for existence. Organisms with advantageous characters survive - while those which lack such variations perish. The advantageous characters are passed on to the offsprings generation after generation and the organisms become better
Natural selection
Interspecific
Change
Africa
48. Animals and plants show variations in physical structure. Some of these variations are simply caused by external conditions (environmental) - such as accidents - temperature - food abundance - etc.. ___________ variations have no effect on evolution
Microevolution
Somatic
Environmental
Cold
49. The highest category in the Linnaean system of classification is the __________. At this level - organisms are distinguished on the basis of cellular organization and methods of nutrition.
Environmental
Homologous
Kingdom
Species
50. Homology has to be distinguished from ___________; for instance - the wings of insects and the wings of birds are analogous but not homologous.
Beneficial
Chance
Punctuated
Analogy