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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution
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Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Populations begin to diverge when gene flow between them is restricted. Geographic isolation is often the first step in ____________ speciation.
Intraspecific
Homologous
Natural selection
Allopatric
2. In a genetic drift the entire population may become homozygous for the allele or - equally likely - the allele may disappear. Before either of these fates occurs - the allele represents a Polymorphism. This is a case of polymorphism through...
Out-of-Africa
Evolved
Mass
Genetic drift
3. For humans - the complete classification is: Kingdom (Animalia); Phylum (__________); Class (Mammalia); Order (Primates); Family (Hominidae); Genus (Homo); Species (Sapiens).
Embryos
Genetic
Chordata
Out-of-Africa
4. If a population began with a few individuals - one or more of whom carried a particular allele - that allele may come to be represented in many of the descendants. This is known as ____________.
Allele
Beneficial
Chance
Polymorphism
5. Humans who have produced offspring that successfully live in a ________ environment tend to be broader and smaller in stature while hotter environments are occupied by thinner taller humans.
Neanderthals
Code
Cold
Evolved
6. There are at least ___________ of animals. Humans are members of the phylum Chordata.
Mutations
Adaptive radiation
Macroscopic.
33 phyla
7. ___________ evolution is an evolutionary process in which organisms not closely related independently acquire some characteristic or characteristics in common.
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
33 phyla
Sexually
Convergent
8. Almost all living organisms use the same basic biochemical molecules - including DNA - ATP - and many identical or nearly identical enzymes. Organisms utilize the same DNA triplet base _________ and the same 20 amino acids in their proteins
Kingdom
Code
Environmental
Balanced
9. Primates evolved about approximately 30 million years ago in ___________. One branch of primates evolved into the Old and New World Monkeys - the other into the hominoids (the line of descent common to both apes and man).
Change
Africa
Intraspecific
Neanderthals
10. The Neolithic transition - about 10 -000 years ago - involved the change from __________-__________ societies to agricultural ones based on cultivation of plants and domesticated animals.
Beneficial
Evolution
Hunter-gatherer
Homology
11. Insect ____________ is also an example of convergent evolution - as for example when an edible (palatable) butterfly develops a color pattern similar to a relatively unrelated inedible (unpalatable) butterfly - and by so doing escapes being eaten.
Mimicry
Chance
Analogy
Interspecific
12. An important step toward the modern theory of evolution came in the 1760's - when Count George-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1707-1788) published his Natural History of Animals with the idea that species __________ over time.
Function
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Phylogenetic
Change
13. _____________ can occur randomly - from radiation damage (impact with high energy g-rays or cosmic rays) - from exposure to chemical agents called mutagens - or simply by error in the DNA replication process.
Mutations
Microevolution
Beneficial
Convergent
14. In species which reproduce _____________ - extinction of a species is generally inevitable when there is only one individual of that species left - or only individuals of a single sex.
Sexually
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Neanderthals
Chance
15. The only kingdom which consists of prokaryotes is the __________ kingdom.
33 phyla
Homo
Monera
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
16. In the 1680s Ariaantje and Gerrit Jansz emigrated from Holland to South Africa - one of them bringing along an allele for the mild metabolic disease porphyria. Today more than 30000 South Africans carry this allele and - in every case examined - can
Chance
Founder.
Change
Macroscopic.
17. _____________ is the accumulation of small changes in a gene pool over a relatively short period.
Microevolution
Connecting links
Neanderthals
Monera
18. Homology has to be distinguished from ___________; for instance - the wings of insects and the wings of birds are analogous but not homologous.
Analogy
Function
Intraspecific
Environment
19. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of different species.
Interspecific
Mass
Primates
Code
20. _______________ is that branch of biology dealing with the identification and naming of organisms.
Taxonomy
Out-of-Africa
Allopatric
Convergent
21. The _______-_________ Law states that an equilibrium of allele frequencies in a gene pool remains in effect in each succeeding generation of a sexually reproducing population if five conditions are met.
Mass
Environmental
Hardy-Weinberg
Sympatric
22. The mutation may be harmful (resulting in a reduced probability of survival for the organism involved) - ____________ (it might also do its intended job better) or merely neutral (no effect at all).
Connecting links
Mammals.
33 phyla
Beneficial
23. The Linnaean system uses two Latin name categories - ________ and species - to designate each type of organism.
Genus
Mammals.
Increase
Homologous
24. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck (1744-1829) developed one of the first theories on how species changed. Lamarck - in 1809 - concluded that organisms of higher complexity had __________ from preexisting - less complex organisms.
Interbreed
Bipedal
Evolved
Embryos
25. Except for the tail fins - whales greatly resemble fish in outline - but are instead descended from four-legged land ___________.
Hunter-gatherer
Natural selection
Mammals.
Neanderthals
26. The ____________ mammals occupy Australia - and differ from placental mammals because they bear their young inside a pouch (instead of a placenta).
Natural selection
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Species
Change
27. Biodiversity crashes during ________ extinctions. This has been a powerful force in evolution - wiping the slate clean of up to 96% of all species - and providing the survivors with a world full of opportunities into which they can diversify.
Continuity
Intraspecific
Mass
Seven
28. Darwin's Finches illustrated ___________ ____________. This is where species all deriving from a common ancestor have over time successfully adapted to their environment via natural selection.
Struggle
Adaptive radiation
Intraspecific
Homologous
29. All organisms are placed into one of five kingdoms: Monera - Protista - ________ - Plantae - Animalia.
Function
Adaptive radiation
Macroscopic.
Fungi
30. ____________ organs are formed on the same basic plan though they may be modified variously to perform different functions. They must have a common ancestral structure which gave rise to different modifications.
Homologous
Sympatric
Phylogenetic
Polymorphism
31. As populations diverge - they form similar but related species. When are two populations new species? When populations no longer _____________ they are thought to be separate species.
Primates
Chance
Increase
Interbreed
32. Homology is also seen in the structure of eye - brain - joint appendages of arthropods - etc. It is thus evidence for ____________.
Punctuated
Hunter-gatherer
Evolution
Macroscopic.
33. Any change of _________ frequencies in a gene pool indicates that evolution has occurred. The Hardy-Weinberg law proposes that those factors that violate the conditions listed - cause evolution.
Allele
Struggle
Bipedal
Chance
34. The highest category in the Linnaean system of classification is the __________. At this level - organisms are distinguished on the basis of cellular organization and methods of nutrition.
Adaptive radiation
Mimicry
Kingdom
Environmental
35. A ___________ can be defined as one or more populations of interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated in nature from all other organisms.
Fire
Intraspecific
Allele
Species
36. According to Darwin - in spite of the high reproductive potential - the number of individuals in a species remains relatively constant - suggesting _____________ for existence.
Triassic
Struggle
Somatic
Extinction
37. When Charles Darwin was in the Galapagos islands - one of the first things he noticed is the variety of ___________ that existed on each of the islands.
Function
Finches
Creationism
Genetic
38. _________ evidence shows that the horse has undergone considerable evolutionary change over a period of 60 million years.
Seven
Fossil
Binomial
Cold
39. As the finch population began to flourish in these advantageous conditions - ______________ competition became a factor - and resources on the islands were squeezed and could not sustain the population of the finches for long.
Sexually
Balanced
Dinosaurs
Intraspecific
40. At the molecular level - life's ability to reproduce begins with the replication of ____________ - during which two new spirals are created that are exact replicas of the original molecule.
DNA
Genetic drift
Allopatric
Triassic
41. A Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium provides a ___________ by which to judge whether evolution has occurred.
Genetic drift
Evolution
Homology
Baseline
42. The Regional ___________ Hypothesis suggests that regional populations of H. erectus evolved into H. sapiens through interbreeding between the various populations.
Creationism
Continuity
Sexually
Fire
43. Immediately below kingdom is the _________ level of classification. At this level - animals are grouped together based on similarities in basic body plan or organization.
Homo erectus
Allele
Phylum
Bipedal
44. Members of the phylum _____________ have soft - unsegmented bodies that are usually - but not always - enclosed in hard shells.
Intraspecific
Connecting links
Bipedal
Mollusca
45. The early stages of development of the ___________ of fish - salamander - tortoise - hen and man show remarkable similarity.
Mammals.
Embryos
Intraspecific
Analogy
46. Extinctions - mostly at the level of species - have been occurring constantly at a low 'background rate' - usually matched by the rate at which new species appear - with the result that ____________ is constantly increasing.
New World
Seven
Kingdom
Biodiversity
47. The ______-____-______ Hypothesis proposes that some Homo erectus remained in Africa and continued to evolve into Homo sapiens - and left Africa about 100 -000-200 -000 years ago. From a single source - Homo sapiens replaced all populations of Homo e
Hardy-Weinberg
Genetic drift
Out-of-Africa
Mass
48. Differential reproduction allows one species to gradually evolve into a new species. This is the process of ____________.
Dinosaurs
Fire
Biodiversity
Evolution
49. Linnaeus placed all monkeys and apes along with humans into the order _________
Primates
Phylum
Mimicry
Change
50. _________ ______ disease causes anemia - joint pain - a swollen spleen - and frequent - severe infections. It illustrates balanced polymorphism because carriers are resistant to malaria - an infection by the parasite that causes cycles of chills and
Sickle Cell
Natural selection
Chordata
Evolution