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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution
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Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The ______-____-______ Hypothesis proposes that some Homo erectus remained in Africa and continued to evolve into Homo sapiens - and left Africa about 100 -000-200 -000 years ago. From a single source - Homo sapiens replaced all populations of Homo e
Species
Out-of-Africa
Environmental
33 phyla
2. _____________ is the end of a particular evolutionary line - the end of a species - a family - or a larger group of organisms.
Cold
Natural selection
Oxygen
Extinction
3. ___________ speciation happens when members of a population develop some genetic difference that prevents them from reproducing with the parent type.
Sympatric
Protista
Binomial
Struggle
4. Because organisms are continually tested by their changing ______________ - their forms change to suit new conditions.
Chance
Bipedal
Environment
Chordata
5. Humans who have produced offspring that successfully live in a ________ environment tend to be broader and smaller in stature while hotter environments are occupied by thinner taller humans.
Cold
Out-of-Africa
Continuity
Sickle Cell
6. Prior to the scientific discoveries of the past 200 years - _____________ from the Book Of Genesis described how living things came into being.
Sympatric
Creationism
Mass
Macroscopic.
7. At some time in their life cycle - chordates have a pair of lateral gill slits or pouches used to obtain __________ in a liquid environment.
Oxygen
Elongation
Out-of-Africa
Genus
8. The _______-_________ Law states that an equilibrium of allele frequencies in a gene pool remains in effect in each succeeding generation of a sexually reproducing population if five conditions are met.
Mutations
Hardy-Weinberg
Phylogenetic
Adaptive radiation
9. Almost all living organisms use the same basic biochemical molecules - including DNA - ATP - and many identical or nearly identical enzymes. Organisms utilize the same DNA triplet base _________ and the same 20 amino acids in their proteins
Evolution
Code
Baseline
Beneficial
10. According to Darwin - in spite of the high reproductive potential - the number of individuals in a species remains relatively constant - suggesting _____________ for existence.
Connecting links
Dinosaurs
Triassic
Struggle
11. Extinctions - mostly at the level of species - have been occurring constantly at a low 'background rate' - usually matched by the rate at which new species appear - with the result that ____________ is constantly increasing.
Kingdom
Biodiversity
New World
Baseline
12. _______________ is that branch of biology dealing with the identification and naming of organisms.
Genetic drift
Taxonomy
Code
Environment
13. At the molecular level - life's ability to reproduce begins with the replication of ____________ - during which two new spirals are created that are exact replicas of the original molecule.
Comparative anatomy.
DNA
Interbreed
Homologous
14. Members of the phylum _____________ have soft - unsegmented bodies that are usually - but not always - enclosed in hard shells.
Polymorphism
Mollusca
Function
Cold
15. _____________ is the accumulation of small changes in a gene pool over a relatively short period.
Natural selection
Fire
Microevolution
Primates
16. Immediately below kingdom is the _________ level of classification. At this level - animals are grouped together based on similarities in basic body plan or organization.
Africa
Polymorphism
Kingdom
Phylum
17. An important step toward the modern theory of evolution came in the 1760's - when Count George-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1707-1788) published his Natural History of Animals with the idea that species __________ over time.
Function
Change
Finches
Phylogenetic
18. The Linnaean system uses two Latin name categories - ________ and species - to designate each type of organism.
Interbreed
Genus
Protoplasm
Biodiversity
19. Populations begin to diverge when gene flow between them is restricted. Geographic isolation is often the first step in ____________ speciation.
DNA
Intraspecific
Mass
Allopatric
20. The ____________ mammals occupy Australia - and differ from placental mammals because they bear their young inside a pouch (instead of a placenta).
Comparative anatomy.
Mammals.
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Analogy
21. Most anthropologists agree that the ______ _______ was populated by a series of three migrations over the temporary land connection between Asia and North America.
Embryos
Extinction
New World
Punctuated
22. As the finch population began to flourish in these advantageous conditions - ______________ competition became a factor - and resources on the islands were squeezed and could not sustain the population of the finches for long.
Triassic
Intraspecific
Phylum
Mollusca
23. The most recent mass extinction - the K-T extinction at the end of the Cretaceous period - is best known for having wiped out the __________ .
Oxygen
Protoplasm
Dinosaurs
Mollusca
24. In general if two genes have an almost identical DNA sequence - it is likely that they are ____________.
Homologous
Seven
Neanderthals
Sickle Cell
25. When carriers have advantages that allow a detrimental allele to persist in a population - ______________ polymorphism is at work.
Natural selection
Intraspecific
Balanced
Convergent
26. There are at least ___________ of animals. Humans are members of the phylum Chordata.
Natural selection
33 phyla
Homo
Homologous
27. ___________ evolution is an evolutionary process in which organisms not closely related independently acquire some characteristic or characteristics in common.
Increase
Convergent
Mollusca
Monera
28. The only kingdom which consists of prokaryotes is the __________ kingdom.
Taxonomy
Monera
Homologous
Convergent
29. Speciation by ____________ Equilibrium involves a group of creatures which gets isolated from the rest of their species.
Differential
Oxygen
Punctuated
Protista
30. Humans are ____________ - meaning we walk on two of our limbs. The amount of melanin in our skin is representative of the environment we live in - i.e. dark skinned people occupy hotter climates.
Comparative anatomy.
Creationism
Bipedal
Protoplasm
31. Homo erectus was the first hominid to use ___________ - and have social structures for food gathering.
Sickle Cell
Fire
Continuity
Sympatric
32. For humans - the complete classification is: Kingdom (Animalia); Phylum (__________); Class (Mammalia); Order (Primates); Family (Hominidae); Genus (Homo); Species (Sapiens).
Function
Chordata
Kingdom
Natural selection
33. ____________ organs are formed on the same basic plan though they may be modified variously to perform different functions. They must have a common ancestral structure which gave rise to different modifications.
Intraspecific
Binomial
Mollusca
Homologous
34. Animals and plants show variations in physical structure. Some of these variations are simply caused by external conditions (environmental) - such as accidents - temperature - food abundance - etc.. ___________ variations have no effect on evolution
Somatic
Comparative anatomy.
Balanced
Adaptive radiation
35. As populations diverge - they form similar but related species. When are two populations new species? When populations no longer _____________ they are thought to be separate species.
Mimicry
Mollusca
Interbreed
Environmental
36. ___________ is a specific explanation of similarity of form seen in the biological world. In genetics - it is used in reference to protein or DNA sequences - meaning that the given sequences share ancestry.
Intraspecific
Evolution
Homology
Genetic
37. Organisms struggle for existence. Organisms with advantageous characters survive - while those which lack such variations perish. The advantageous characters are passed on to the offsprings generation after generation and the organisms become better
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Natural selection
Connecting links
Creationism
38. Despite their image as brutish simpletons - _____________were the first humans to bury their dead with artifacts - indicating abstract thought - perhaps a belief in an after-life.
Allopatric
Chordata
Environment
Neanderthals
39. There are certain animals with intermediate characters between two major groups of animals. They are called ___________ _____.
33 phyla
Binomial
Seven
Connecting links
40. If a population began with a few individuals - one or more of whom carried a particular allele - that allele may come to be represented in many of the descendants. This is known as ____________.
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Polymorphism
Fungi
Allele
41. In a genetic drift the entire population may become homozygous for the allele or - equally likely - the allele may disappear. Before either of these fates occurs - the allele represents a Polymorphism. This is a case of polymorphism through...
Genetic drift
Sexually
Finches
Allopatric
42. Darwin reported that all organisms tend to _____________ in a geometric ratio provided there are no environmental checks. Even slow breeding animals like the elephant may theoretically give rise to 19 million descendants in a period of 750 years.
Sexually
Neanderthals
Genetic drift
Increase
43. The highest category in the Linnaean system of classification is the __________. At this level - organisms are distinguished on the basis of cellular organization and methods of nutrition.
Macroscopic.
Kingdom
Neanderthals
Sickle Cell
44. Biodiversity crashes during ________ extinctions. This has been a powerful force in evolution - wiping the slate clean of up to 96% of all species - and providing the survivors with a world full of opportunities into which they can diversify.
Mass
Differential
Africa
Struggle
45. In species which reproduce _____________ - extinction of a species is generally inevitable when there is only one individual of that species left - or only individuals of a single sex.
Comparative anatomy.
Allele
Interspecific
Sexually
46. Differential reproduction allows one species to gradually evolve into a new species. This is the process of ____________.
Evolution
Change
Cold
Environmental
47. Any change of _________ frequencies in a gene pool indicates that evolution has occurred. The Hardy-Weinberg law proposes that those factors that violate the conditions listed - cause evolution.
Embryos
Fungi
Allele
Intraspecific
48. Almost all _________ organisms are either plants or animals.
Mutations
Macroscopic.
Homo erectus
Evolution
49. About 1.8 million years ago - early Homo gave rise to _______ ________ - the species thought to have been ancestral to our own.
Mammals.
Homo erectus
Phylogenetic
Polymorphism
50. Insect ____________ is also an example of convergent evolution - as for example when an edible (palatable) butterfly develops a color pattern similar to a relatively unrelated inedible (unpalatable) butterfly - and by so doing escapes being eaten.
Kingdom
Mimicry
Species
Extinction