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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution
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Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. ___________ is a specific explanation of similarity of form seen in the biological world. In genetics - it is used in reference to protein or DNA sequences - meaning that the given sequences share ancestry.
Homology
Mimicry
Finches
Species
2. In a genetic drift the entire population may become homozygous for the allele or - equally likely - the allele may disappear. Before either of these fates occurs - the allele represents a Polymorphism. This is a case of polymorphism through...
Founder.
Genetic drift
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Homologous
3. _____________ is the end of a particular evolutionary line - the end of a species - a family - or a larger group of organisms.
Homology
Sympatric
Homo erectus
Extinction
4. Humans are ____________ - meaning we walk on two of our limbs. The amount of melanin in our skin is representative of the environment we live in - i.e. dark skinned people occupy hotter climates.
Protoplasm
Bipedal
Beneficial
Differential
5. Despite their image as brutish simpletons - _____________were the first humans to bury their dead with artifacts - indicating abstract thought - perhaps a belief in an after-life.
Environmental
Neanderthals
Convergent
Seven
6. Animals and plants show variations in physical structure. Some of these variations are simply caused by external conditions (environmental) - such as accidents - temperature - food abundance - etc.. ___________ variations have no effect on evolution
Continuity
Beneficial
Binomial
Somatic
7. ______________ struggle is the struggle of organisms against the physical environment.
Monera
Intraspecific
Environmental
Function
8. An allele may increase - or decrease - in frequency simply through ___________. Not every member of the population will become a parent and not every set of parents will produce the same number of offspring.
Chance
Binomial
Homo erectus
Environmental
9. Almost all _________ organisms are either plants or animals.
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Environmental
Somatic
Macroscopic.
10. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of different species.
Sexually
Balanced
Interspecific
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
11. For humans - the complete classification is: Kingdom (Animalia); Phylum (__________); Class (Mammalia); Order (Primates); Family (Hominidae); Genus (Homo); Species (Sapiens).
Environmental
Intraspecific
Natural selection
Chordata
12. In general if two genes have an almost identical DNA sequence - it is likely that they are ____________.
Monera
Somatic
Homologous
Bipedal
13. Immediately below kingdom is the _________ level of classification. At this level - animals are grouped together based on similarities in basic body plan or organization.
Phylum
Analogy
Sickle Cell
Primates
14. Heritable variations are called _____________ variations. Such variations arising from changes in DNA are passed on within families and to the offspring from the parents.
Phylogenetic
Founder.
Elongation
Genetic
15. Biodiversity crashes during ________ extinctions. This has been a powerful force in evolution - wiping the slate clean of up to 96% of all species - and providing the survivors with a world full of opportunities into which they can diversify.
Neanderthals
Dinosaurs
Mass
Evolved
16. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck (1744-1829) developed one of the first theories on how species changed. Lamarck - in 1809 - concluded that organisms of higher complexity had __________ from preexisting - less complex organisms.
Fungi
Evolved
Polymorphism
Function
17. Scientific classification sorts living organisms by _________ levels of classification - kingdom; phylum; class; order; family; genus; and species.
Analogy
Connecting links
Monera
Seven
18. Homology was defined by Darwin as similarity of structure and position - and distinguished from 'analogy -' which was defined as similarity of _____________ but not necessarily of structure and position.
DNA
Function
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
New World
19. Primates evolved about approximately 30 million years ago in ___________. One branch of primates evolved into the Old and New World Monkeys - the other into the hominoids (the line of descent common to both apes and man).
Africa
Out-of-Africa
Protista
Code
20. About 2 million years ago - two groups developed: the australopithecines - generally smaller brained and not users of tools; and the line that led to genus _________ - larger brained and makers and users of tools.
Interbreed
Homo
Evolved
Mass
21. ____________ reproduction - whether reproduction proceeds with lesser or greater success - is central to the process of natural selection; it determines whether a given mutation becomes established in the general population.
Primates
Differential
Interspecific
Genetic
22. _____________ can occur randomly - from radiation damage (impact with high energy g-rays or cosmic rays) - from exposure to chemical agents called mutagens - or simply by error in the DNA replication process.
Primates
Seven
Genetic
Mutations
23. There are at least ___________ of animals. Humans are members of the phylum Chordata.
Punctuated
Finches
Extinction
33 phyla
24. A ____________ tree is a graphical means to depict the evolutionary relationships of a group of organisms.
Fossil
Macroscopic.
Phylogenetic
Genus
25. ___________ speciation happens when members of a population develop some genetic difference that prevents them from reproducing with the parent type.
Function
Homologous
Extinction
Sympatric
26. Mammals developed from primitive mammal-like reptiles during the __________ Period - some 200-245 million years ago.
Species
Dinosaurs
Intraspecific
Triassic
27. _________ ______ disease causes anemia - joint pain - a swollen spleen - and frequent - severe infections. It illustrates balanced polymorphism because carriers are resistant to malaria - an infection by the parasite that causes cycles of chills and
Species
Sickle Cell
Neanderthals
Beneficial
28. Members of the phylum _____________ have soft - unsegmented bodies that are usually - but not always - enclosed in hard shells.
Extinction
Baseline
Out-of-Africa
Mollusca
29. The ______-____-______ Hypothesis proposes that some Homo erectus remained in Africa and continued to evolve into Homo sapiens - and left Africa about 100 -000-200 -000 years ago. From a single source - Homo sapiens replaced all populations of Homo e
Out-of-Africa
Finches
Homologous
Somatic
30. There are certain animals with intermediate characters between two major groups of animals. They are called ___________ _____.
Connecting links
Homo
Dinosaurs
Punctuated
31. The most recent mass extinction - the K-T extinction at the end of the Cretaceous period - is best known for having wiped out the __________ .
Dinosaurs
Environmental
Phylogenetic
Macroscopic.
32. In species which reproduce _____________ - extinction of a species is generally inevitable when there is only one individual of that species left - or only individuals of a single sex.
Baseline
Allopatric
Sexually
Genus
33. Organisms struggle for existence. Organisms with advantageous characters survive - while those which lack such variations perish. The advantageous characters are passed on to the offsprings generation after generation and the organisms become better
Mollusca
Natural selection
Somatic
Polymorphism
34. _____________ is the accumulation of small changes in a gene pool over a relatively short period.
Allopatric
Microevolution
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Mutations
35. At some time in their life cycle - chordates have a pair of lateral gill slits or pouches used to obtain __________ in a liquid environment.
Chordata
Seven
Oxygen
Mutations
36. All organisms are placed into one of five kingdoms: Monera - Protista - ________ - Plantae - Animalia.
Fungi
Evolution
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Out-of-Africa
37. Humans who have produced offspring that successfully live in a ________ environment tend to be broader and smaller in stature while hotter environments are occupied by thinner taller humans.
Genetic drift
Increase
DNA
Cold
38. The Neolithic transition - about 10 -000 years ago - involved the change from __________-__________ societies to agricultural ones based on cultivation of plants and domesticated animals.
Hunter-gatherer
Bipedal
Mass
Dinosaurs
39. ____________ organs are formed on the same basic plan though they may be modified variously to perform different functions. They must have a common ancestral structure which gave rise to different modifications.
Triassic
Oxygen
Intraspecific
Homologous
40. When Charles Darwin was in the Galapagos islands - one of the first things he noticed is the variety of ___________ that existed on each of the islands.
Chance
Finches
New World
Seven
41. Charles Darwin published a book The Origin of Species in the year 1859. He proposed that the new species came about by a process called ___________ __________.
Natural selection
Mass
Intraspecific
Mutations
42. The _______-_________ Law states that an equilibrium of allele frequencies in a gene pool remains in effect in each succeeding generation of a sexually reproducing population if five conditions are met.
Homologous
Phylum
Hardy-Weinberg
Mass
43. Homology has to be distinguished from ___________; for instance - the wings of insects and the wings of birds are analogous but not homologous.
Code
Struggle
Chance
Analogy
44. In the 1680s Ariaantje and Gerrit Jansz emigrated from Holland to South Africa - one of them bringing along an allele for the mild metabolic disease porphyria. Today more than 30000 South Africans carry this allele and - in every case examined - can
Founder.
Change
Mollusca
Fire
45. Differential reproduction allows one species to gradually evolve into a new species. This is the process of ____________.
Evolution
33 phyla
Fungi
Mass
46. Extinctions - mostly at the level of species - have been occurring constantly at a low 'background rate' - usually matched by the rate at which new species appear - with the result that ____________ is constantly increasing.
Convergent
Mimicry
Mammals.
Biodiversity
47. An important step toward the modern theory of evolution came in the 1760's - when Count George-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1707-1788) published his Natural History of Animals with the idea that species __________ over time.
Change
Phylogenetic
Homo
Embryos
48. Except for the tail fins - whales greatly resemble fish in outline - but are instead descended from four-legged land ___________.
Genetic drift
Hardy-Weinberg
Code
Mammals.
49. Because organisms are continually tested by their changing ______________ - their forms change to suit new conditions.
Taxonomy
Environment
Polymorphism
Embryos
50. As the finch population began to flourish in these advantageous conditions - ______________ competition became a factor - and resources on the islands were squeezed and could not sustain the population of the finches for long.
Code
Homo erectus
Intraspecific
Chordata