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CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution

Subjects : clep, science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Animals and plants show variations in physical structure. Some of these variations are simply caused by external conditions (environmental) - such as accidents - temperature - food abundance - etc.. ___________ variations have no effect on evolution






2. The Neolithic transition - about 10 -000 years ago - involved the change from __________-__________ societies to agricultural ones based on cultivation of plants and domesticated animals.






3. When Charles Darwin was in the Galapagos islands - one of the first things he noticed is the variety of ___________ that existed on each of the islands.






4. There are certain animals with intermediate characters between two major groups of animals. They are called ___________ _____.






5. _________ ______ disease causes anemia - joint pain - a swollen spleen - and frequent - severe infections. It illustrates balanced polymorphism because carriers are resistant to malaria - an infection by the parasite that causes cycles of chills and






6. A Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium provides a ___________ by which to judge whether evolution has occurred.






7. In general if two genes have an almost identical DNA sequence - it is likely that they are ____________.






8. A ____________ tree is a graphical means to depict the evolutionary relationships of a group of organisms.






9. About 2 million years ago - two groups developed: the australopithecines - generally smaller brained and not users of tools; and the line that led to genus _________ - larger brained and makers and users of tools.






10. Speciation by ____________ Equilibrium involves a group of creatures which gets isolated from the rest of their species.






11. The Linnaean system uses two Latin name categories - ________ and species - to designate each type of organism.






12. The _______-_________ Law states that an equilibrium of allele frequencies in a gene pool remains in effect in each succeeding generation of a sexually reproducing population if five conditions are met.






13. Because organisms are continually tested by their changing ______________ - their forms change to suit new conditions.






14. The most recent mass extinction - the K-T extinction at the end of the Cretaceous period - is best known for having wiped out the __________ .






15. Heritable variations are called _____________ variations. Such variations arising from changes in DNA are passed on within families and to the offspring from the parents.






16. In a genetic drift the entire population may become homozygous for the allele or - equally likely - the allele may disappear. Before either of these fates occurs - the allele represents a Polymorphism. This is a case of polymorphism through...






17. Immediately below kingdom is the _________ level of classification. At this level - animals are grouped together based on similarities in basic body plan or organization.






18. The Regional ___________ Hypothesis suggests that regional populations of H. erectus evolved into H. sapiens through interbreeding between the various populations.






19. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of the same species.






20. The early stages of development of the ___________ of fish - salamander - tortoise - hen and man show remarkable similarity.






21. Biodiversity crashes during ________ extinctions. This has been a powerful force in evolution - wiping the slate clean of up to 96% of all species - and providing the survivors with a world full of opportunities into which they can diversify.






22. Any change of _________ frequencies in a gene pool indicates that evolution has occurred. The Hardy-Weinberg law proposes that those factors that violate the conditions listed - cause evolution.






23. Linnaeus placed all monkeys and apes along with humans into the order _________






24. __________ are the remains of organisms that lived in the past.






25. A comparative study of physiology and biochemistry also supports the common origin for different organisms. The _____________ of all organisms cells is more or less same in composition.






26. Primates evolved about approximately 30 million years ago in ___________. One branch of primates evolved into the Old and New World Monkeys - the other into the hominoids (the line of descent common to both apes and man).






27. Such a dual level designation is referred to as a _________ nomenclature.






28. Extinctions - mostly at the level of species - have been occurring constantly at a low 'background rate' - usually matched by the rate at which new species appear - with the result that ____________ is constantly increasing.






29. The ____________ mammals occupy Australia - and differ from placental mammals because they bear their young inside a pouch (instead of a placenta).






30. An allele may increase - or decrease - in frequency simply through ___________. Not every member of the population will become a parent and not every set of parents will produce the same number of offspring.






31. Except for the tail fins - whales greatly resemble fish in outline - but are instead descended from four-legged land ___________.






32. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck (1744-1829) developed one of the first theories on how species changed. Lamarck - in 1809 - concluded that organisms of higher complexity had __________ from preexisting - less complex organisms.






33. _____________ is the accumulation of small changes in a gene pool over a relatively short period.






34. In species which reproduce _____________ - extinction of a species is generally inevitable when there is only one individual of that species left - or only individuals of a single sex.






35. Humans are ____________ - meaning we walk on two of our limbs. The amount of melanin in our skin is representative of the environment we live in - i.e. dark skinned people occupy hotter climates.






36. All organisms are placed into one of five kingdoms: Monera - Protista - ________ - Plantae - Animalia.






37. Most anthropologists agree that the ______ _______ was populated by a series of three migrations over the temporary land connection between Asia and North America.






38. ___________ is a specific explanation of similarity of form seen in the biological world. In genetics - it is used in reference to protein or DNA sequences - meaning that the given sequences share ancestry.






39. ___________ evolution is an evolutionary process in which organisms not closely related independently acquire some characteristic or characteristics in common.






40. ____________ reproduction - whether reproduction proceeds with lesser or greater success - is central to the process of natural selection; it determines whether a given mutation becomes established in the general population.






41. An important step toward the modern theory of evolution came in the 1760's - when Count George-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1707-1788) published his Natural History of Animals with the idea that species __________ over time.






42. Almost all _________ organisms are either plants or animals.






43. There are at least ___________ of animals. Humans are members of the phylum Chordata.






44. The only kingdom which consists of prokaryotes is the __________ kingdom.






45. _______________ is that branch of biology dealing with the identification and naming of organisms.






46. Homology has to be distinguished from ___________; for instance - the wings of insects and the wings of birds are analogous but not homologous.






47. Differential reproduction allows one species to gradually evolve into a new species. This is the process of ____________.






48. Scientific classification sorts living organisms by _________ levels of classification - kingdom; phylum; class; order; family; genus; and species.






49. At the molecular level - life's ability to reproduce begins with the replication of ____________ - during which two new spirals are created that are exact replicas of the original molecule.






50. Populations begin to diverge when gene flow between them is restricted. Geographic isolation is often the first step in ____________ speciation.