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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution
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Subjects
:
clep
,
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Homology is also seen in the structure of eye - brain - joint appendages of arthropods - etc. It is thus evidence for ____________.
Cold
Evolution
Intraspecific
Seven
2. _________ evidence shows that the horse has undergone considerable evolutionary change over a period of 60 million years.
Intraspecific
Fossil
Phylum
Increase
3. A Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium provides a ___________ by which to judge whether evolution has occurred.
New World
Primates
Baseline
Adaptive radiation
4. In a genetic drift the entire population may become homozygous for the allele or - equally likely - the allele may disappear. Before either of these fates occurs - the allele represents a Polymorphism. This is a case of polymorphism through...
Cold
Genetic drift
Sympatric
Genus
5. When Charles Darwin was in the Galapagos islands - one of the first things he noticed is the variety of ___________ that existed on each of the islands.
Comparative anatomy.
Finches
Fossil
Natural selection
6. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of the same species.
Protoplasm
Intraspecific
Fossil
Struggle
7. All organisms are placed into one of five kingdoms: Monera - Protista - ________ - Plantae - Animalia.
Homology
Fungi
Homo erectus
Hardy-Weinberg
8. Any change of _________ frequencies in a gene pool indicates that evolution has occurred. The Hardy-Weinberg law proposes that those factors that violate the conditions listed - cause evolution.
Homology
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Allele
Continuity
9. The _______-_________ Law states that an equilibrium of allele frequencies in a gene pool remains in effect in each succeeding generation of a sexually reproducing population if five conditions are met.
Convergent
Hardy-Weinberg
Chordata
Out-of-Africa
10. _________ ______ disease causes anemia - joint pain - a swollen spleen - and frequent - severe infections. It illustrates balanced polymorphism because carriers are resistant to malaria - an infection by the parasite that causes cycles of chills and
Sickle Cell
Evolution
Interbreed
Comparative anatomy.
11. The Neolithic transition - about 10 -000 years ago - involved the change from __________-__________ societies to agricultural ones based on cultivation of plants and domesticated animals.
Macroscopic.
Biodiversity
Natural selection
Hunter-gatherer
12. Immediately below kingdom is the _________ level of classification. At this level - animals are grouped together based on similarities in basic body plan or organization.
Dinosaurs
Increase
Phylum
Interspecific
13. A ___________ can be defined as one or more populations of interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated in nature from all other organisms.
Balanced
Species
Out-of-Africa
Microevolution
14. Linnaeus placed all monkeys and apes along with humans into the order _________
Microevolution
Sympatric
Primates
Beneficial
15. Organisms struggle for existence. Organisms with advantageous characters survive - while those which lack such variations perish. The advantageous characters are passed on to the offsprings generation after generation and the organisms become better
Sickle Cell
Hunter-gatherer
Balanced
Natural selection
16. Extinctions - mostly at the level of species - have been occurring constantly at a low 'background rate' - usually matched by the rate at which new species appear - with the result that ____________ is constantly increasing.
Genetic
Macroscopic.
Phylogenetic
Biodiversity
17. As the finch population began to flourish in these advantageous conditions - ______________ competition became a factor - and resources on the islands were squeezed and could not sustain the population of the finches for long.
Founder.
Intraspecific
Code
Species
18. Biodiversity crashes during ________ extinctions. This has been a powerful force in evolution - wiping the slate clean of up to 96% of all species - and providing the survivors with a world full of opportunities into which they can diversify.
Allopatric
Mass
Evolved
Evolution
19. Primates evolved about approximately 30 million years ago in ___________. One branch of primates evolved into the Old and New World Monkeys - the other into the hominoids (the line of descent common to both apes and man).
Africa
33 phyla
Sexually
Convergent
20. Heritable variations are called _____________ variations. Such variations arising from changes in DNA are passed on within families and to the offspring from the parents.
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Genetic
Interbreed
Struggle
21. Darwin reported that all organisms tend to _____________ in a geometric ratio provided there are no environmental checks. Even slow breeding animals like the elephant may theoretically give rise to 19 million descendants in a period of 750 years.
Struggle
Taxonomy
Increase
Code
22. The ____________ mammals occupy Australia - and differ from placental mammals because they bear their young inside a pouch (instead of a placenta).
Interspecific
Interbreed
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Species
23. In general if two genes have an almost identical DNA sequence - it is likely that they are ____________.
Adaptive radiation
Evolution
Homologous
Embryos
24. Darwin's Finches illustrated ___________ ____________. This is where species all deriving from a common ancestor have over time successfully adapted to their environment via natural selection.
Homology
Allopatric
Adaptive radiation
Oxygen
25. Homology has to be distinguished from ___________; for instance - the wings of insects and the wings of birds are analogous but not homologous.
Analogy
Beneficial
Evolution
Balanced
26. _____________ is the end of a particular evolutionary line - the end of a species - a family - or a larger group of organisms.
Cold
Monera
Extinction
Hardy-Weinberg
27. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck (1744-1829) developed one of the first theories on how species changed. Lamarck - in 1809 - concluded that organisms of higher complexity had __________ from preexisting - less complex organisms.
Mammals.
Evolved
Analogy
Allopatric
28. The mutation may be harmful (resulting in a reduced probability of survival for the organism involved) - ____________ (it might also do its intended job better) or merely neutral (no effect at all).
Change
Natural selection
Beneficial
Bipedal
29. A ____________ tree is a graphical means to depict the evolutionary relationships of a group of organisms.
Allele
Neanderthals
Genus
Phylogenetic
30. Animals and plants show variations in physical structure. Some of these variations are simply caused by external conditions (environmental) - such as accidents - temperature - food abundance - etc.. ___________ variations have no effect on evolution
Change
Chordata
Sexually
Somatic
31. Because organisms are continually tested by their changing ______________ - their forms change to suit new conditions.
Binomial
Primates
Change
Environment
32. There are at least ___________ of animals. Humans are members of the phylum Chordata.
Homo erectus
Allele
33 phyla
Environment
33. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of different species.
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Beneficial
Mammals.
Interspecific
34. Despite their image as brutish simpletons - _____________were the first humans to bury their dead with artifacts - indicating abstract thought - perhaps a belief in an after-life.
Fungi
Allele
Neanderthals
Intraspecific
35. According to Darwin - in spite of the high reproductive potential - the number of individuals in a species remains relatively constant - suggesting _____________ for existence.
Genetic drift
Environmental
Struggle
Adaptive radiation
36. As populations diverge - they form similar but related species. When are two populations new species? When populations no longer _____________ they are thought to be separate species.
Function
Comparative anatomy.
Interbreed
Balanced
37. ___________ speciation happens when members of a population develop some genetic difference that prevents them from reproducing with the parent type.
Struggle
Balanced
Homologous
Sympatric
38. ___________ is a specific explanation of similarity of form seen in the biological world. In genetics - it is used in reference to protein or DNA sequences - meaning that the given sequences share ancestry.
Extinction
Fungi
Taxonomy
Homology
39. Insect ____________ is also an example of convergent evolution - as for example when an edible (palatable) butterfly develops a color pattern similar to a relatively unrelated inedible (unpalatable) butterfly - and by so doing escapes being eaten.
Phylum
Mimicry
Intraspecific
Connecting links
40. About 1.8 million years ago - early Homo gave rise to _______ ________ - the species thought to have been ancestral to our own.
Monera
Homo erectus
Interspecific
Convergent
41. About 2 million years ago - two groups developed: the australopithecines - generally smaller brained and not users of tools; and the line that led to genus _________ - larger brained and makers and users of tools.
Homo
Homologous
Macroscopic.
Extinction
42. A comparative study of physiology and biochemistry also supports the common origin for different organisms. The _____________ of all organisms cells is more or less same in composition.
Protoplasm
Comparative anatomy.
Fire
Out-of-Africa
43. ______________ struggle is the struggle of organisms against the physical environment.
Hardy-Weinberg
Sickle Cell
Environmental
Change
44. An allele may increase - or decrease - in frequency simply through ___________. Not every member of the population will become a parent and not every set of parents will produce the same number of offspring.
Phylum
Macroscopic.
Evolved
Chance
45. In species which reproduce _____________ - extinction of a species is generally inevitable when there is only one individual of that species left - or only individuals of a single sex.
Sexually
Finches
Species
Natural selection
46. Homology was defined by Darwin as similarity of structure and position - and distinguished from 'analogy -' which was defined as similarity of _____________ but not necessarily of structure and position.
Function
Environmental
Oxygen
Evolution
47. The Regional ___________ Hypothesis suggests that regional populations of H. erectus evolved into H. sapiens through interbreeding between the various populations.
Triassic
Homo
Genetic drift
Continuity
48. Almost all living organisms use the same basic biochemical molecules - including DNA - ATP - and many identical or nearly identical enzymes. Organisms utilize the same DNA triplet base _________ and the same 20 amino acids in their proteins
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Intraspecific
Code
Genetic
49. At the molecular level - life's ability to reproduce begins with the replication of ____________ - during which two new spirals are created that are exact replicas of the original molecule.
Environment
DNA
Beneficial
Sexually
50. Members of the phylum _____________ have soft - unsegmented bodies that are usually - but not always - enclosed in hard shells.
Mollusca
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Neanderthals
Mass