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CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution

Subjects : clep, science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The Linnaean system uses two Latin name categories - ________ and species - to designate each type of organism.






2. In a genetic drift the entire population may become homozygous for the allele or - equally likely - the allele may disappear. Before either of these fates occurs - the allele represents a Polymorphism. This is a case of polymorphism through...






3. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of different species.






4. Such a dual level designation is referred to as a _________ nomenclature.






5. Members of the phylum _____________ have soft - unsegmented bodies that are usually - but not always - enclosed in hard shells.






6. ___________ evolution is an evolutionary process in which organisms not closely related independently acquire some characteristic or characteristics in common.






7. The Neolithic transition - about 10 -000 years ago - involved the change from __________-__________ societies to agricultural ones based on cultivation of plants and domesticated animals.






8. Speciation by ____________ Equilibrium involves a group of creatures which gets isolated from the rest of their species.






9. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck (1744-1829) developed one of the first theories on how species changed. Lamarck - in 1809 - concluded that organisms of higher complexity had __________ from preexisting - less complex organisms.






10. The only kingdom which consists of prokaryotes is the __________ kingdom.






11. Linnaeus placed all monkeys and apes along with humans into the order _________






12. Charles Darwin published a book The Origin of Species in the year 1859. He proposed that the new species came about by a process called ___________ __________.






13. _____________ is the end of a particular evolutionary line - the end of a species - a family - or a larger group of organisms.






14. The mutation may be harmful (resulting in a reduced probability of survival for the organism involved) - ____________ (it might also do its intended job better) or merely neutral (no effect at all).






15. According to Darwin - in spite of the high reproductive potential - the number of individuals in a species remains relatively constant - suggesting _____________ for existence.






16. _________ ______ disease causes anemia - joint pain - a swollen spleen - and frequent - severe infections. It illustrates balanced polymorphism because carriers are resistant to malaria - an infection by the parasite that causes cycles of chills and






17. For humans - the complete classification is: Kingdom (Animalia); Phylum (__________); Class (Mammalia); Order (Primates); Family (Hominidae); Genus (Homo); Species (Sapiens).






18. Except for the tail fins - whales greatly resemble fish in outline - but are instead descended from four-legged land ___________.






19. When carriers have advantages that allow a detrimental allele to persist in a population - ______________ polymorphism is at work.






20. An allele may increase - or decrease - in frequency simply through ___________. Not every member of the population will become a parent and not every set of parents will produce the same number of offspring.






21. ___________ speciation happens when members of a population develop some genetic difference that prevents them from reproducing with the parent type.






22. Humans who have produced offspring that successfully live in a ________ environment tend to be broader and smaller in stature while hotter environments are occupied by thinner taller humans.






23. A Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium provides a ___________ by which to judge whether evolution has occurred.






24. Mammals developed from primitive mammal-like reptiles during the __________ Period - some 200-245 million years ago.






25. The most recent mass extinction - the K-T extinction at the end of the Cretaceous period - is best known for having wiped out the __________ .






26. At the molecular level - life's ability to reproduce begins with the replication of ____________ - during which two new spirals are created that are exact replicas of the original molecule.






27. __________ are the remains of organisms that lived in the past.






28. ______________ struggle is the struggle of organisms against the physical environment.






29. Darwin reported that all organisms tend to _____________ in a geometric ratio provided there are no environmental checks. Even slow breeding animals like the elephant may theoretically give rise to 19 million descendants in a period of 750 years.






30. _______________ is that branch of biology dealing with the identification and naming of organisms.






31. The _______-_________ Law states that an equilibrium of allele frequencies in a gene pool remains in effect in each succeeding generation of a sexually reproducing population if five conditions are met.






32. About 1.8 million years ago - early Homo gave rise to _______ ________ - the species thought to have been ancestral to our own.






33. Populations begin to diverge when gene flow between them is restricted. Geographic isolation is often the first step in ____________ speciation.






34. Almost all _________ organisms are either plants or animals.






35. The __________ kingdom consists of one-celled organisms as well - but differs from the Monera kingdom in that it consists of eukaryotes.






36. Immediately below kingdom is the _________ level of classification. At this level - animals are grouped together based on similarities in basic body plan or organization.






37. Differential reproduction allows one species to gradually evolve into a new species. This is the process of ____________.






38. About 2 million years ago - two groups developed: the australopithecines - generally smaller brained and not users of tools; and the line that led to genus _________ - larger brained and makers and users of tools.






39. Prior to the scientific discoveries of the past 200 years - _____________ from the Book Of Genesis described how living things came into being.






40. Any change of _________ frequencies in a gene pool indicates that evolution has occurred. The Hardy-Weinberg law proposes that those factors that violate the conditions listed - cause evolution.






41. The ______-____-______ Hypothesis proposes that some Homo erectus remained in Africa and continued to evolve into Homo sapiens - and left Africa about 100 -000-200 -000 years ago. From a single source - Homo sapiens replaced all populations of Homo e






42. In general if two genes have an almost identical DNA sequence - it is likely that they are ____________.






43. ___________ is a specific explanation of similarity of form seen in the biological world. In genetics - it is used in reference to protein or DNA sequences - meaning that the given sequences share ancestry.






44. There are certain animals with intermediate characters between two major groups of animals. They are called ___________ _____.






45. An important step toward the modern theory of evolution came in the 1760's - when Count George-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1707-1788) published his Natural History of Animals with the idea that species __________ over time.






46. If a population began with a few individuals - one or more of whom carried a particular allele - that allele may come to be represented in many of the descendants. This is known as ____________.






47. Animals and plants show variations in physical structure. Some of these variations are simply caused by external conditions (environmental) - such as accidents - temperature - food abundance - etc.. ___________ variations have no effect on evolution






48. Because organisms are continually tested by their changing ______________ - their forms change to suit new conditions.






49. Homo erectus was the first hominid to use ___________ - and have social structures for food gathering.






50. The early stages of development of the ___________ of fish - salamander - tortoise - hen and man show remarkable similarity.







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