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CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution

Subjects : clep, science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A comparative study of physiology and biochemistry also supports the common origin for different organisms. The _____________ of all organisms cells is more or less same in composition.






2. The study of ____________ ____________ supports the claim of a common origin of organisms.






3. For humans - the complete classification is: Kingdom (Animalia); Phylum (__________); Class (Mammalia); Order (Primates); Family (Hominidae); Genus (Homo); Species (Sapiens).






4. In general if two genes have an almost identical DNA sequence - it is likely that they are ____________.






5. The Regional ___________ Hypothesis suggests that regional populations of H. erectus evolved into H. sapiens through interbreeding between the various populations.






6. Homology was defined by Darwin as similarity of structure and position - and distinguished from 'analogy -' which was defined as similarity of _____________ but not necessarily of structure and position.






7. The early stages of development of the ___________ of fish - salamander - tortoise - hen and man show remarkable similarity.






8. The Linnaean system uses two Latin name categories - ________ and species - to designate each type of organism.






9. In species which reproduce _____________ - extinction of a species is generally inevitable when there is only one individual of that species left - or only individuals of a single sex.






10. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck (1744-1829) developed one of the first theories on how species changed. Lamarck - in 1809 - concluded that organisms of higher complexity had __________ from preexisting - less complex organisms.






11. ____________ organs are formed on the same basic plan though they may be modified variously to perform different functions. They must have a common ancestral structure which gave rise to different modifications.






12. According to Darwin - in spite of the high reproductive potential - the number of individuals in a species remains relatively constant - suggesting _____________ for existence.






13. ___________ evolution is an evolutionary process in which organisms not closely related independently acquire some characteristic or characteristics in common.






14. When carriers have advantages that allow a detrimental allele to persist in a population - ______________ polymorphism is at work.






15. The highest category in the Linnaean system of classification is the __________. At this level - organisms are distinguished on the basis of cellular organization and methods of nutrition.






16. Insect ____________ is also an example of convergent evolution - as for example when an edible (palatable) butterfly develops a color pattern similar to a relatively unrelated inedible (unpalatable) butterfly - and by so doing escapes being eaten.






17. _______________ is that branch of biology dealing with the identification and naming of organisms.






18. The only kingdom which consists of prokaryotes is the __________ kingdom.






19. A Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium provides a ___________ by which to judge whether evolution has occurred.






20. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of the same species.






21. Linnaeus placed all monkeys and apes along with humans into the order _________






22. At some time in their life cycle - chordates have a pair of lateral gill slits or pouches used to obtain __________ in a liquid environment.






23. At the molecular level - life's ability to reproduce begins with the replication of ____________ - during which two new spirals are created that are exact replicas of the original molecule.






24. Organisms struggle for existence. Organisms with advantageous characters survive - while those which lack such variations perish. The advantageous characters are passed on to the offsprings generation after generation and the organisms become better






25. Primates evolved about approximately 30 million years ago in ___________. One branch of primates evolved into the Old and New World Monkeys - the other into the hominoids (the line of descent common to both apes and man).






26. _____________ is the end of a particular evolutionary line - the end of a species - a family - or a larger group of organisms.






27. Homo erectus was the first hominid to use ___________ - and have social structures for food gathering.






28. _________ evidence shows that the horse has undergone considerable evolutionary change over a period of 60 million years.






29. __________ are the remains of organisms that lived in the past.






30. Almost all living organisms use the same basic biochemical molecules - including DNA - ATP - and many identical or nearly identical enzymes. Organisms utilize the same DNA triplet base _________ and the same 20 amino acids in their proteins






31. Speciation by ____________ Equilibrium involves a group of creatures which gets isolated from the rest of their species.






32. There are certain animals with intermediate characters between two major groups of animals. They are called ___________ _____.






33. Despite their image as brutish simpletons - _____________were the first humans to bury their dead with artifacts - indicating abstract thought - perhaps a belief in an after-life.






34. A ____________ tree is a graphical means to depict the evolutionary relationships of a group of organisms.






35. The mutation may be harmful (resulting in a reduced probability of survival for the organism involved) - ____________ (it might also do its intended job better) or merely neutral (no effect at all).






36. Scientific classification sorts living organisms by _________ levels of classification - kingdom; phylum; class; order; family; genus; and species.






37. As the finch population began to flourish in these advantageous conditions - ______________ competition became a factor - and resources on the islands were squeezed and could not sustain the population of the finches for long.






38. There are at least ___________ of animals. Humans are members of the phylum Chordata.






39. Animals and plants show variations in physical structure. Some of these variations are simply caused by external conditions (environmental) - such as accidents - temperature - food abundance - etc.. ___________ variations have no effect on evolution






40. The ____________ mammals occupy Australia - and differ from placental mammals because they bear their young inside a pouch (instead of a placenta).






41. _____________ is the accumulation of small changes in a gene pool over a relatively short period.






42. As populations diverge - they form similar but related species. When are two populations new species? When populations no longer _____________ they are thought to be separate species.






43. _____________ can occur randomly - from radiation damage (impact with high energy g-rays or cosmic rays) - from exposure to chemical agents called mutagens - or simply by error in the DNA replication process.






44. Immediately below kingdom is the _________ level of classification. At this level - animals are grouped together based on similarities in basic body plan or organization.






45. Differential reproduction allows one species to gradually evolve into a new species. This is the process of ____________.






46. Mammals developed from primitive mammal-like reptiles during the __________ Period - some 200-245 million years ago.






47. Any change of _________ frequencies in a gene pool indicates that evolution has occurred. The Hardy-Weinberg law proposes that those factors that violate the conditions listed - cause evolution.






48. ____________ reproduction - whether reproduction proceeds with lesser or greater success - is central to the process of natural selection; it determines whether a given mutation becomes established in the general population.






49. Except for the tail fins - whales greatly resemble fish in outline - but are instead descended from four-legged land ___________.






50. The Neolithic transition - about 10 -000 years ago - involved the change from __________-__________ societies to agricultural ones based on cultivation of plants and domesticated animals.