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CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution

Subjects : clep, science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. __________ are the remains of organisms that lived in the past.






2. Differential reproduction allows one species to gradually evolve into a new species. This is the process of ____________.






3. The only kingdom which consists of prokaryotes is the __________ kingdom.






4. According to Darwin - in spite of the high reproductive potential - the number of individuals in a species remains relatively constant - suggesting _____________ for existence.






5. Prior to the scientific discoveries of the past 200 years - _____________ from the Book Of Genesis described how living things came into being.






6. _________ ______ disease causes anemia - joint pain - a swollen spleen - and frequent - severe infections. It illustrates balanced polymorphism because carriers are resistant to malaria - an infection by the parasite that causes cycles of chills and






7. _____________ is the end of a particular evolutionary line - the end of a species - a family - or a larger group of organisms.






8. There are at least ___________ of animals. Humans are members of the phylum Chordata.






9. As the finch population began to flourish in these advantageous conditions - ______________ competition became a factor - and resources on the islands were squeezed and could not sustain the population of the finches for long.






10. The early stages of development of the ___________ of fish - salamander - tortoise - hen and man show remarkable similarity.






11. _______________ is that branch of biology dealing with the identification and naming of organisms.






12. A ___________ can be defined as one or more populations of interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated in nature from all other organisms.






13. Homology is also seen in the structure of eye - brain - joint appendages of arthropods - etc. It is thus evidence for ____________.






14. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck (1744-1829) developed one of the first theories on how species changed. Lamarck - in 1809 - concluded that organisms of higher complexity had __________ from preexisting - less complex organisms.






15. At some time in their life cycle - chordates have a pair of lateral gill slits or pouches used to obtain __________ in a liquid environment.






16. ___________ speciation happens when members of a population develop some genetic difference that prevents them from reproducing with the parent type.






17. The study of ____________ ____________ supports the claim of a common origin of organisms.






18. ___________ is a specific explanation of similarity of form seen in the biological world. In genetics - it is used in reference to protein or DNA sequences - meaning that the given sequences share ancestry.






19. Charles Darwin published a book The Origin of Species in the year 1859. He proposed that the new species came about by a process called ___________ __________.






20. Homology was defined by Darwin as similarity of structure and position - and distinguished from 'analogy -' which was defined as similarity of _____________ but not necessarily of structure and position.






21. In general if two genes have an almost identical DNA sequence - it is likely that they are ____________.






22. Extinctions - mostly at the level of species - have been occurring constantly at a low 'background rate' - usually matched by the rate at which new species appear - with the result that ____________ is constantly increasing.






23. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of different species.






24. Mammals developed from primitive mammal-like reptiles during the __________ Period - some 200-245 million years ago.






25. Biodiversity crashes during ________ extinctions. This has been a powerful force in evolution - wiping the slate clean of up to 96% of all species - and providing the survivors with a world full of opportunities into which they can diversify.






26. As populations diverge - they form similar but related species. When are two populations new species? When populations no longer _____________ they are thought to be separate species.






27. Heritable variations are called _____________ variations. Such variations arising from changes in DNA are passed on within families and to the offspring from the parents.






28. When carriers have advantages that allow a detrimental allele to persist in a population - ______________ polymorphism is at work.






29. Homo erectus was the first hominid to use ___________ - and have social structures for food gathering.






30. Animals and plants show variations in physical structure. Some of these variations are simply caused by external conditions (environmental) - such as accidents - temperature - food abundance - etc.. ___________ variations have no effect on evolution






31. Homology has to be distinguished from ___________; for instance - the wings of insects and the wings of birds are analogous but not homologous.






32. Except for the tail fins - whales greatly resemble fish in outline - but are instead descended from four-legged land ___________.






33. The __________ kingdom consists of one-celled organisms as well - but differs from the Monera kingdom in that it consists of eukaryotes.






34. The Neolithic transition - about 10 -000 years ago - involved the change from __________-__________ societies to agricultural ones based on cultivation of plants and domesticated animals.






35. Members of the phylum _____________ have soft - unsegmented bodies that are usually - but not always - enclosed in hard shells.






36. A ____________ tree is a graphical means to depict the evolutionary relationships of a group of organisms.






37. A comparative study of physiology and biochemistry also supports the common origin for different organisms. The _____________ of all organisms cells is more or less same in composition.






38. ___________ evolution is an evolutionary process in which organisms not closely related independently acquire some characteristic or characteristics in common.






39. When Charles Darwin was in the Galapagos islands - one of the first things he noticed is the variety of ___________ that existed on each of the islands.






40. The Linnaean system uses two Latin name categories - ________ and species - to designate each type of organism.






41. Humans are ____________ - meaning we walk on two of our limbs. The amount of melanin in our skin is representative of the environment we live in - i.e. dark skinned people occupy hotter climates.






42. At the molecular level - life's ability to reproduce begins with the replication of ____________ - during which two new spirals are created that are exact replicas of the original molecule.






43. Darwin's Finches illustrated ___________ ____________. This is where species all deriving from a common ancestor have over time successfully adapted to their environment via natural selection.






44. There are certain animals with intermediate characters between two major groups of animals. They are called ___________ _____.






45. Organisms struggle for existence. Organisms with advantageous characters survive - while those which lack such variations perish. The advantageous characters are passed on to the offsprings generation after generation and the organisms become better






46. Linnaeus placed all monkeys and apes along with humans into the order _________






47. For humans - the complete classification is: Kingdom (Animalia); Phylum (__________); Class (Mammalia); Order (Primates); Family (Hominidae); Genus (Homo); Species (Sapiens).






48. Almost all _________ organisms are either plants or animals.






49. In a genetic drift the entire population may become homozygous for the allele or - equally likely - the allele may disappear. Before either of these fates occurs - the allele represents a Polymorphism. This is a case of polymorphism through...






50. Humans who have produced offspring that successfully live in a ________ environment tend to be broader and smaller in stature while hotter environments are occupied by thinner taller humans.