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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution
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Subjects
:
clep
,
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Some important structural changes during the evolution of horse are: Increase in size from 11' (Eohippus) to about 60' (Equus) - and ___________ of the head and neck so as that it can reach the ground.
Change
Connecting links
Elongation
Sickle Cell
2. About 2 million years ago - two groups developed: the australopithecines - generally smaller brained and not users of tools; and the line that led to genus _________ - larger brained and makers and users of tools.
Intraspecific
Homo
Polymorphism
Kingdom
3. Homology was defined by Darwin as similarity of structure and position - and distinguished from 'analogy -' which was defined as similarity of _____________ but not necessarily of structure and position.
Phylum
Finches
Homology
Function
4. An important step toward the modern theory of evolution came in the 1760's - when Count George-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1707-1788) published his Natural History of Animals with the idea that species __________ over time.
Connecting links
Change
Fungi
Fire
5. According to Darwin - in spite of the high reproductive potential - the number of individuals in a species remains relatively constant - suggesting _____________ for existence.
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Seven
Beneficial
Struggle
6. Insect ____________ is also an example of convergent evolution - as for example when an edible (palatable) butterfly develops a color pattern similar to a relatively unrelated inedible (unpalatable) butterfly - and by so doing escapes being eaten.
Mimicry
Hardy-Weinberg
Mollusca
Chance
7. Extinctions - mostly at the level of species - have been occurring constantly at a low 'background rate' - usually matched by the rate at which new species appear - with the result that ____________ is constantly increasing.
Hardy-Weinberg
Biodiversity
Environmental
Intraspecific
8. Homo erectus was the first hominid to use ___________ - and have social structures for food gathering.
Natural selection
Intraspecific
Fire
Homo
9. In a genetic drift the entire population may become homozygous for the allele or - equally likely - the allele may disappear. Before either of these fates occurs - the allele represents a Polymorphism. This is a case of polymorphism through...
Dinosaurs
Comparative anatomy.
Genetic drift
New World
10. If a population began with a few individuals - one or more of whom carried a particular allele - that allele may come to be represented in many of the descendants. This is known as ____________.
Increase
Species
Polymorphism
Neanderthals
11. As populations diverge - they form similar but related species. When are two populations new species? When populations no longer _____________ they are thought to be separate species.
Sympatric
Chance
Interbreed
Intraspecific
12. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of the same species.
Continuity
Neanderthals
Fossil
Intraspecific
13. Organisms struggle for existence. Organisms with advantageous characters survive - while those which lack such variations perish. The advantageous characters are passed on to the offsprings generation after generation and the organisms become better
Sickle Cell
Natural selection
Environmental
Interbreed
14. The ______-____-______ Hypothesis proposes that some Homo erectus remained in Africa and continued to evolve into Homo sapiens - and left Africa about 100 -000-200 -000 years ago. From a single source - Homo sapiens replaced all populations of Homo e
Fossil
Binomial
Out-of-Africa
Fungi
15. _________ evidence shows that the horse has undergone considerable evolutionary change over a period of 60 million years.
Mammals.
Fossil
DNA
Continuity
16. ___________ speciation happens when members of a population develop some genetic difference that prevents them from reproducing with the parent type.
Allopatric
Biodiversity
Sympatric
Convergent
17. _________ ______ disease causes anemia - joint pain - a swollen spleen - and frequent - severe infections. It illustrates balanced polymorphism because carriers are resistant to malaria - an infection by the parasite that causes cycles of chills and
Homo erectus
Triassic
Sickle Cell
Fossil
18. As the finch population began to flourish in these advantageous conditions - ______________ competition became a factor - and resources on the islands were squeezed and could not sustain the population of the finches for long.
Fungi
Chance
Fossil
Intraspecific
19. Despite their image as brutish simpletons - _____________were the first humans to bury their dead with artifacts - indicating abstract thought - perhaps a belief in an after-life.
Struggle
Change
Comparative anatomy.
Neanderthals
20. ______________ struggle is the struggle of organisms against the physical environment.
Out-of-Africa
Sickle Cell
Environmental
Fire
21. The study of ____________ ____________ supports the claim of a common origin of organisms.
Comparative anatomy.
Sympatric
Homologous
Protista
22. Homology has to be distinguished from ___________; for instance - the wings of insects and the wings of birds are analogous but not homologous.
Baseline
Binomial
Analogy
Intraspecific
23. The _______-_________ Law states that an equilibrium of allele frequencies in a gene pool remains in effect in each succeeding generation of a sexually reproducing population if five conditions are met.
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Hardy-Weinberg
Evolution
DNA
24. At some time in their life cycle - chordates have a pair of lateral gill slits or pouches used to obtain __________ in a liquid environment.
Change
Genus
Macroscopic.
Oxygen
25. The only kingdom which consists of prokaryotes is the __________ kingdom.
Connecting links
Monera
Species
Out-of-Africa
26. The early stages of development of the ___________ of fish - salamander - tortoise - hen and man show remarkable similarity.
Somatic
Embryos
Evolved
Phylum
27. The ____________ mammals occupy Australia - and differ from placental mammals because they bear their young inside a pouch (instead of a placenta).
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Beneficial
Natural selection
DNA
28. Linnaeus placed all monkeys and apes along with humans into the order _________
Natural selection
Primates
Mutations
Increase
29. Such a dual level designation is referred to as a _________ nomenclature.
Oxygen
Binomial
Homo erectus
Environmental
30. Darwin reported that all organisms tend to _____________ in a geometric ratio provided there are no environmental checks. Even slow breeding animals like the elephant may theoretically give rise to 19 million descendants in a period of 750 years.
Evolution
Phylum
Increase
Genetic drift
31. A ___________ can be defined as one or more populations of interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated in nature from all other organisms.
Fossil
Species
Seven
33 phyla
32. Most anthropologists agree that the ______ _______ was populated by a series of three migrations over the temporary land connection between Asia and North America.
Mammals.
Change
New World
Phylum
33. The Neolithic transition - about 10 -000 years ago - involved the change from __________-__________ societies to agricultural ones based on cultivation of plants and domesticated animals.
Creationism
Mass
Hunter-gatherer
Environmental
34. Biodiversity crashes during ________ extinctions. This has been a powerful force in evolution - wiping the slate clean of up to 96% of all species - and providing the survivors with a world full of opportunities into which they can diversify.
Differential
Mutations
Phylum
Mass
35. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck (1744-1829) developed one of the first theories on how species changed. Lamarck - in 1809 - concluded that organisms of higher complexity had __________ from preexisting - less complex organisms.
Evolved
Chordata
Intraspecific
Fossil
36. About 1.8 million years ago - early Homo gave rise to _______ ________ - the species thought to have been ancestral to our own.
Homo erectus
Creationism
Mass
Code
37. Humans who have produced offspring that successfully live in a ________ environment tend to be broader and smaller in stature while hotter environments are occupied by thinner taller humans.
Cold
Natural selection
Code
Chance
38. ____________ organs are formed on the same basic plan though they may be modified variously to perform different functions. They must have a common ancestral structure which gave rise to different modifications.
Hunter-gatherer
Embryos
Homologous
Fossil
39. Populations begin to diverge when gene flow between them is restricted. Geographic isolation is often the first step in ____________ speciation.
Sickle Cell
Connecting links
Allopatric
Sexually
40. Animals and plants show variations in physical structure. Some of these variations are simply caused by external conditions (environmental) - such as accidents - temperature - food abundance - etc.. ___________ variations have no effect on evolution
Somatic
Genetic drift
Homologous
Struggle
41. ____________ reproduction - whether reproduction proceeds with lesser or greater success - is central to the process of natural selection; it determines whether a given mutation becomes established in the general population.
Differential
Kingdom
Sexually
Analogy
42. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of different species.
Interspecific
Mimicry
Macroscopic.
Sickle Cell
43. Except for the tail fins - whales greatly resemble fish in outline - but are instead descended from four-legged land ___________.
Somatic
Mammals.
Increase
Phylum
44. ___________ evolution is an evolutionary process in which organisms not closely related independently acquire some characteristic or characteristics in common.
Taxonomy
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Homologous
Convergent
45. The Regional ___________ Hypothesis suggests that regional populations of H. erectus evolved into H. sapiens through interbreeding between the various populations.
Continuity
Balanced
Genetic drift
Sickle Cell
46. Differential reproduction allows one species to gradually evolve into a new species. This is the process of ____________.
Evolution
Natural selection
Mimicry
Struggle
47. In general if two genes have an almost identical DNA sequence - it is likely that they are ____________.
Adaptive radiation
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Triassic
Homologous
48. A comparative study of physiology and biochemistry also supports the common origin for different organisms. The _____________ of all organisms cells is more or less same in composition.
Elongation
Function
Environment
Protoplasm
49. There are at least ___________ of animals. Humans are members of the phylum Chordata.
Interspecific
33 phyla
Sickle Cell
Mass
50. A Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium provides a ___________ by which to judge whether evolution has occurred.
Mass
Somatic
Allele
Baseline