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CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution

Subjects : clep, science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A comparative study of physiology and biochemistry also supports the common origin for different organisms. The _____________ of all organisms cells is more or less same in composition.






2. The Linnaean system uses two Latin name categories - ________ and species - to designate each type of organism.






3. Some important structural changes during the evolution of horse are: Increase in size from 11' (Eohippus) to about 60' (Equus) - and ___________ of the head and neck so as that it can reach the ground.






4. Almost all _________ organisms are either plants or animals.






5. _________ evidence shows that the horse has undergone considerable evolutionary change over a period of 60 million years.






6. Mammals developed from primitive mammal-like reptiles during the __________ Period - some 200-245 million years ago.






7. ____________ organs are formed on the same basic plan though they may be modified variously to perform different functions. They must have a common ancestral structure which gave rise to different modifications.






8. The _______-_________ Law states that an equilibrium of allele frequencies in a gene pool remains in effect in each succeeding generation of a sexually reproducing population if five conditions are met.






9. The ______-____-______ Hypothesis proposes that some Homo erectus remained in Africa and continued to evolve into Homo sapiens - and left Africa about 100 -000-200 -000 years ago. From a single source - Homo sapiens replaced all populations of Homo e






10. __________ are the remains of organisms that lived in the past.






11. As the finch population began to flourish in these advantageous conditions - ______________ competition became a factor - and resources on the islands were squeezed and could not sustain the population of the finches for long.






12. Insect ____________ is also an example of convergent evolution - as for example when an edible (palatable) butterfly develops a color pattern similar to a relatively unrelated inedible (unpalatable) butterfly - and by so doing escapes being eaten.






13. A ___________ can be defined as one or more populations of interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated in nature from all other organisms.






14. Prior to the scientific discoveries of the past 200 years - _____________ from the Book Of Genesis described how living things came into being.






15. _____________ is the end of a particular evolutionary line - the end of a species - a family - or a larger group of organisms.






16. Homology was defined by Darwin as similarity of structure and position - and distinguished from 'analogy -' which was defined as similarity of _____________ but not necessarily of structure and position.






17. Differential reproduction allows one species to gradually evolve into a new species. This is the process of ____________.






18. Darwin's Finches illustrated ___________ ____________. This is where species all deriving from a common ancestor have over time successfully adapted to their environment via natural selection.






19. _____________ is the accumulation of small changes in a gene pool over a relatively short period.






20. The Regional ___________ Hypothesis suggests that regional populations of H. erectus evolved into H. sapiens through interbreeding between the various populations.






21. There are certain animals with intermediate characters between two major groups of animals. They are called ___________ _____.






22. A Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium provides a ___________ by which to judge whether evolution has occurred.






23. The Neolithic transition - about 10 -000 years ago - involved the change from __________-__________ societies to agricultural ones based on cultivation of plants and domesticated animals.






24. Humans who have produced offspring that successfully live in a ________ environment tend to be broader and smaller in stature while hotter environments are occupied by thinner taller humans.






25. Scientific classification sorts living organisms by _________ levels of classification - kingdom; phylum; class; order; family; genus; and species.






26. Biodiversity crashes during ________ extinctions. This has been a powerful force in evolution - wiping the slate clean of up to 96% of all species - and providing the survivors with a world full of opportunities into which they can diversify.






27. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of different species.






28. As populations diverge - they form similar but related species. When are two populations new species? When populations no longer _____________ they are thought to be separate species.






29. Populations begin to diverge when gene flow between them is restricted. Geographic isolation is often the first step in ____________ speciation.






30. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of the same species.






31. In a genetic drift the entire population may become homozygous for the allele or - equally likely - the allele may disappear. Before either of these fates occurs - the allele represents a Polymorphism. This is a case of polymorphism through...






32. Members of the phylum _____________ have soft - unsegmented bodies that are usually - but not always - enclosed in hard shells.






33. Except for the tail fins - whales greatly resemble fish in outline - but are instead descended from four-legged land ___________.






34. Heritable variations are called _____________ variations. Such variations arising from changes in DNA are passed on within families and to the offspring from the parents.






35. A ____________ tree is a graphical means to depict the evolutionary relationships of a group of organisms.






36. About 1.8 million years ago - early Homo gave rise to _______ ________ - the species thought to have been ancestral to our own.






37. Most anthropologists agree that the ______ _______ was populated by a series of three migrations over the temporary land connection between Asia and North America.






38. Homology is also seen in the structure of eye - brain - joint appendages of arthropods - etc. It is thus evidence for ____________.






39. In the 1680s Ariaantje and Gerrit Jansz emigrated from Holland to South Africa - one of them bringing along an allele for the mild metabolic disease porphyria. Today more than 30000 South Africans carry this allele and - in every case examined - can






40. Humans are ____________ - meaning we walk on two of our limbs. The amount of melanin in our skin is representative of the environment we live in - i.e. dark skinned people occupy hotter climates.






41. According to Darwin - in spite of the high reproductive potential - the number of individuals in a species remains relatively constant - suggesting _____________ for existence.






42. About 2 million years ago - two groups developed: the australopithecines - generally smaller brained and not users of tools; and the line that led to genus _________ - larger brained and makers and users of tools.






43. ___________ speciation happens when members of a population develop some genetic difference that prevents them from reproducing with the parent type.






44. Extinctions - mostly at the level of species - have been occurring constantly at a low 'background rate' - usually matched by the rate at which new species appear - with the result that ____________ is constantly increasing.






45. ______________ struggle is the struggle of organisms against the physical environment.






46. Organisms struggle for existence. Organisms with advantageous characters survive - while those which lack such variations perish. The advantageous characters are passed on to the offsprings generation after generation and the organisms become better






47. There are at least ___________ of animals. Humans are members of the phylum Chordata.






48. The study of ____________ ____________ supports the claim of a common origin of organisms.






49. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck (1744-1829) developed one of the first theories on how species changed. Lamarck - in 1809 - concluded that organisms of higher complexity had __________ from preexisting - less complex organisms.






50. When carriers have advantages that allow a detrimental allele to persist in a population - ______________ polymorphism is at work.