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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution
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Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Darwin's Finches illustrated ___________ ____________. This is where species all deriving from a common ancestor have over time successfully adapted to their environment via natural selection.
Environment
Adaptive radiation
Evolution
Evolved
2. Homo erectus was the first hominid to use ___________ - and have social structures for food gathering.
Fungi
Fire
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Homologous
3. _____________ is the accumulation of small changes in a gene pool over a relatively short period.
Interbreed
Microevolution
Change
Genetic
4. Charles Darwin published a book The Origin of Species in the year 1859. He proposed that the new species came about by a process called ___________ __________.
Homology
Natural selection
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Homo erectus
5. _______________ is that branch of biology dealing with the identification and naming of organisms.
Allele
Taxonomy
Seven
Fungi
6. ____________ reproduction - whether reproduction proceeds with lesser or greater success - is central to the process of natural selection; it determines whether a given mutation becomes established in the general population.
Homo erectus
Triassic
Convergent
Differential
7. Such a dual level designation is referred to as a _________ nomenclature.
Natural selection
Punctuated
Species
Binomial
8. If a population began with a few individuals - one or more of whom carried a particular allele - that allele may come to be represented in many of the descendants. This is known as ____________.
Polymorphism
Neanderthals
Cold
Evolution
9. The ____________ mammals occupy Australia - and differ from placental mammals because they bear their young inside a pouch (instead of a placenta).
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Polymorphism
Neanderthals
Mass
10. _________ ______ disease causes anemia - joint pain - a swollen spleen - and frequent - severe infections. It illustrates balanced polymorphism because carriers are resistant to malaria - an infection by the parasite that causes cycles of chills and
Phylum
Genetic drift
Sickle Cell
Oxygen
11. Scientific classification sorts living organisms by _________ levels of classification - kingdom; phylum; class; order; family; genus; and species.
Interbreed
Seven
Phylogenetic
Sexually
12. The mutation may be harmful (resulting in a reduced probability of survival for the organism involved) - ____________ (it might also do its intended job better) or merely neutral (no effect at all).
Sickle Cell
Beneficial
Protista
Genus
13. Homology was defined by Darwin as similarity of structure and position - and distinguished from 'analogy -' which was defined as similarity of _____________ but not necessarily of structure and position.
Function
Phylum
New World
Increase
14. The early stages of development of the ___________ of fish - salamander - tortoise - hen and man show remarkable similarity.
33 phyla
Environmental
Embryos
Elongation
15. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of the same species.
Chance
Adaptive radiation
Neanderthals
Intraspecific
16. ___________ is a specific explanation of similarity of form seen in the biological world. In genetics - it is used in reference to protein or DNA sequences - meaning that the given sequences share ancestry.
Mollusca
Analogy
Differential
Homology
17. ___________ evolution is an evolutionary process in which organisms not closely related independently acquire some characteristic or characteristics in common.
Sympatric
Convergent
New World
Fungi
18. The Regional ___________ Hypothesis suggests that regional populations of H. erectus evolved into H. sapiens through interbreeding between the various populations.
Fungi
Homo
Comparative anatomy.
Continuity
19. The Neolithic transition - about 10 -000 years ago - involved the change from __________-__________ societies to agricultural ones based on cultivation of plants and domesticated animals.
Species
Hunter-gatherer
Mollusca
Hardy-Weinberg
20. In species which reproduce _____________ - extinction of a species is generally inevitable when there is only one individual of that species left - or only individuals of a single sex.
Bipedal
Phylum
Beneficial
Sexually
21. According to Darwin - in spite of the high reproductive potential - the number of individuals in a species remains relatively constant - suggesting _____________ for existence.
Africa
Hunter-gatherer
Struggle
Baseline
22. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of different species.
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Neanderthals
Seven
Interspecific
23. Homology is also seen in the structure of eye - brain - joint appendages of arthropods - etc. It is thus evidence for ____________.
Sickle Cell
Mimicry
Evolution
Increase
24. A ___________ can be defined as one or more populations of interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated in nature from all other organisms.
Mass
Biodiversity
Species
Natural selection
25. As the finch population began to flourish in these advantageous conditions - ______________ competition became a factor - and resources on the islands were squeezed and could not sustain the population of the finches for long.
Intraspecific
Comparative anatomy.
Macroscopic.
Baseline
26. In the 1680s Ariaantje and Gerrit Jansz emigrated from Holland to South Africa - one of them bringing along an allele for the mild metabolic disease porphyria. Today more than 30000 South Africans carry this allele and - in every case examined - can
Oxygen
Species
Mimicry
Founder.
27. Animals and plants show variations in physical structure. Some of these variations are simply caused by external conditions (environmental) - such as accidents - temperature - food abundance - etc.. ___________ variations have no effect on evolution
Connecting links
Analogy
Code
Somatic
28. Darwin reported that all organisms tend to _____________ in a geometric ratio provided there are no environmental checks. Even slow breeding animals like the elephant may theoretically give rise to 19 million descendants in a period of 750 years.
Analogy
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Continuity
Increase
29. As populations diverge - they form similar but related species. When are two populations new species? When populations no longer _____________ they are thought to be separate species.
Interbreed
Elongation
Evolved
Connecting links
30. The _______-_________ Law states that an equilibrium of allele frequencies in a gene pool remains in effect in each succeeding generation of a sexually reproducing population if five conditions are met.
Genetic drift
Hardy-Weinberg
Natural selection
Fossil
31. Populations begin to diverge when gene flow between them is restricted. Geographic isolation is often the first step in ____________ speciation.
Continuity
Allopatric
Allele
Struggle
32. Prior to the scientific discoveries of the past 200 years - _____________ from the Book Of Genesis described how living things came into being.
Homology
Creationism
Chance
Somatic
33. Despite their image as brutish simpletons - _____________were the first humans to bury their dead with artifacts - indicating abstract thought - perhaps a belief in an after-life.
Hunter-gatherer
Interbreed
Phylum
Neanderthals
34. ____________ organs are formed on the same basic plan though they may be modified variously to perform different functions. They must have a common ancestral structure which gave rise to different modifications.
Fire
Phylum
Homologous
Embryos
35. Biodiversity crashes during ________ extinctions. This has been a powerful force in evolution - wiping the slate clean of up to 96% of all species - and providing the survivors with a world full of opportunities into which they can diversify.
Evolved
Mass
Genus
Triassic
36. About 1.8 million years ago - early Homo gave rise to _______ ________ - the species thought to have been ancestral to our own.
Mollusca
Intraspecific
Embryos
Homo erectus
37. Mammals developed from primitive mammal-like reptiles during the __________ Period - some 200-245 million years ago.
Homo
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Elongation
Triassic
38. Except for the tail fins - whales greatly resemble fish in outline - but are instead descended from four-legged land ___________.
Evolution
Change
Hunter-gatherer
Mammals.
39. Speciation by ____________ Equilibrium involves a group of creatures which gets isolated from the rest of their species.
Cold
Oxygen
Punctuated
Somatic
40. Heritable variations are called _____________ variations. Such variations arising from changes in DNA are passed on within families and to the offspring from the parents.
Sickle Cell
Bipedal
Genetic
Binomial
41. Organisms struggle for existence. Organisms with advantageous characters survive - while those which lack such variations perish. The advantageous characters are passed on to the offsprings generation after generation and the organisms become better
Polymorphism
Continuity
Species
Natural selection
42. In general if two genes have an almost identical DNA sequence - it is likely that they are ____________.
New World
Mutations
Homologous
Hardy-Weinberg
43. The study of ____________ ____________ supports the claim of a common origin of organisms.
Out-of-Africa
Comparative anatomy.
Fire
Primates
44. There are at least ___________ of animals. Humans are members of the phylum Chordata.
Beneficial
33 phyla
Mammals.
Monera
45. ______________ struggle is the struggle of organisms against the physical environment.
Environmental
Homology
Punctuated
Triassic
46. Almost all _________ organisms are either plants or animals.
Analogy
Connecting links
Species
Macroscopic.
47. An important step toward the modern theory of evolution came in the 1760's - when Count George-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1707-1788) published his Natural History of Animals with the idea that species __________ over time.
Continuity
Change
Increase
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
48. When Charles Darwin was in the Galapagos islands - one of the first things he noticed is the variety of ___________ that existed on each of the islands.
Homo erectus
Baseline
Finches
Convergent
49. Insect ____________ is also an example of convergent evolution - as for example when an edible (palatable) butterfly develops a color pattern similar to a relatively unrelated inedible (unpalatable) butterfly - and by so doing escapes being eaten.
Allele
New World
Analogy
Mimicry
50. Humans who have produced offspring that successfully live in a ________ environment tend to be broader and smaller in stature while hotter environments are occupied by thinner taller humans.
Convergent
Cold
Phylum
Allele