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CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution

Subjects : clep, science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Homology has to be distinguished from ___________; for instance - the wings of insects and the wings of birds are analogous but not homologous.






2. For humans - the complete classification is: Kingdom (Animalia); Phylum (__________); Class (Mammalia); Order (Primates); Family (Hominidae); Genus (Homo); Species (Sapiens).






3. Except for the tail fins - whales greatly resemble fish in outline - but are instead descended from four-legged land ___________.






4. Prior to the scientific discoveries of the past 200 years - _____________ from the Book Of Genesis described how living things came into being.






5. _______________ is that branch of biology dealing with the identification and naming of organisms.






6. Extinctions - mostly at the level of species - have been occurring constantly at a low 'background rate' - usually matched by the rate at which new species appear - with the result that ____________ is constantly increasing.






7. Homo erectus was the first hominid to use ___________ - and have social structures for food gathering.






8. The early stages of development of the ___________ of fish - salamander - tortoise - hen and man show remarkable similarity.






9. __________ are the remains of organisms that lived in the past.






10. Mammals developed from primitive mammal-like reptiles during the __________ Period - some 200-245 million years ago.






11. The Linnaean system uses two Latin name categories - ________ and species - to designate each type of organism.






12. There are certain animals with intermediate characters between two major groups of animals. They are called ___________ _____.






13. When Charles Darwin was in the Galapagos islands - one of the first things he noticed is the variety of ___________ that existed on each of the islands.






14. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of the same species.






15. At the molecular level - life's ability to reproduce begins with the replication of ____________ - during which two new spirals are created that are exact replicas of the original molecule.






16. ____________ reproduction - whether reproduction proceeds with lesser or greater success - is central to the process of natural selection; it determines whether a given mutation becomes established in the general population.






17. In general if two genes have an almost identical DNA sequence - it is likely that they are ____________.






18. An allele may increase - or decrease - in frequency simply through ___________. Not every member of the population will become a parent and not every set of parents will produce the same number of offspring.






19. _________ evidence shows that the horse has undergone considerable evolutionary change over a period of 60 million years.






20. _____________ is the end of a particular evolutionary line - the end of a species - a family - or a larger group of organisms.






21. Populations begin to diverge when gene flow between them is restricted. Geographic isolation is often the first step in ____________ speciation.






22. The most recent mass extinction - the K-T extinction at the end of the Cretaceous period - is best known for having wiped out the __________ .






23. Immediately below kingdom is the _________ level of classification. At this level - animals are grouped together based on similarities in basic body plan or organization.






24. Linnaeus placed all monkeys and apes along with humans into the order _________






25. The study of ____________ ____________ supports the claim of a common origin of organisms.






26. According to Darwin - in spite of the high reproductive potential - the number of individuals in a species remains relatively constant - suggesting _____________ for existence.






27. _____________ is the accumulation of small changes in a gene pool over a relatively short period.






28. Scientific classification sorts living organisms by _________ levels of classification - kingdom; phylum; class; order; family; genus; and species.






29. Such a dual level designation is referred to as a _________ nomenclature.






30. As the finch population began to flourish in these advantageous conditions - ______________ competition became a factor - and resources on the islands were squeezed and could not sustain the population of the finches for long.






31. ____________ organs are formed on the same basic plan though they may be modified variously to perform different functions. They must have a common ancestral structure which gave rise to different modifications.






32. Speciation by ____________ Equilibrium involves a group of creatures which gets isolated from the rest of their species.






33. The only kingdom which consists of prokaryotes is the __________ kingdom.






34. In the 1680s Ariaantje and Gerrit Jansz emigrated from Holland to South Africa - one of them bringing along an allele for the mild metabolic disease porphyria. Today more than 30000 South Africans carry this allele and - in every case examined - can






35. _________ ______ disease causes anemia - joint pain - a swollen spleen - and frequent - severe infections. It illustrates balanced polymorphism because carriers are resistant to malaria - an infection by the parasite that causes cycles of chills and






36. The Regional ___________ Hypothesis suggests that regional populations of H. erectus evolved into H. sapiens through interbreeding between the various populations.






37. Primates evolved about approximately 30 million years ago in ___________. One branch of primates evolved into the Old and New World Monkeys - the other into the hominoids (the line of descent common to both apes and man).






38. The _______-_________ Law states that an equilibrium of allele frequencies in a gene pool remains in effect in each succeeding generation of a sexually reproducing population if five conditions are met.






39. ___________ evolution is an evolutionary process in which organisms not closely related independently acquire some characteristic or characteristics in common.






40. In species which reproduce _____________ - extinction of a species is generally inevitable when there is only one individual of that species left - or only individuals of a single sex.






41. As populations diverge - they form similar but related species. When are two populations new species? When populations no longer _____________ they are thought to be separate species.






42. Organisms struggle for existence. Organisms with advantageous characters survive - while those which lack such variations perish. The advantageous characters are passed on to the offsprings generation after generation and the organisms become better






43. Because organisms are continually tested by their changing ______________ - their forms change to suit new conditions.






44. The ______-____-______ Hypothesis proposes that some Homo erectus remained in Africa and continued to evolve into Homo sapiens - and left Africa about 100 -000-200 -000 years ago. From a single source - Homo sapiens replaced all populations of Homo e






45. Differential reproduction allows one species to gradually evolve into a new species. This is the process of ____________.






46. If a population began with a few individuals - one or more of whom carried a particular allele - that allele may come to be represented in many of the descendants. This is known as ____________.






47. Any change of _________ frequencies in a gene pool indicates that evolution has occurred. The Hardy-Weinberg law proposes that those factors that violate the conditions listed - cause evolution.






48. Despite their image as brutish simpletons - _____________were the first humans to bury their dead with artifacts - indicating abstract thought - perhaps a belief in an after-life.






49. About 1.8 million years ago - early Homo gave rise to _______ ________ - the species thought to have been ancestral to our own.






50. A Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium provides a ___________ by which to judge whether evolution has occurred.