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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution
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Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. ____________ organs are formed on the same basic plan though they may be modified variously to perform different functions. They must have a common ancestral structure which gave rise to different modifications.
Comparative anatomy.
Dinosaurs
Code
Homologous
2. Members of the phylum _____________ have soft - unsegmented bodies that are usually - but not always - enclosed in hard shells.
Hardy-Weinberg
Differential
Mollusca
Hunter-gatherer
3. Charles Darwin published a book The Origin of Species in the year 1859. He proposed that the new species came about by a process called ___________ __________.
Natural selection
Creationism
Sympatric
Hardy-Weinberg
4. The early stages of development of the ___________ of fish - salamander - tortoise - hen and man show remarkable similarity.
Evolution
Homo
33 phyla
Embryos
5. ____________ reproduction - whether reproduction proceeds with lesser or greater success - is central to the process of natural selection; it determines whether a given mutation becomes established in the general population.
Differential
Connecting links
Homologous
Finches
6. ___________ evolution is an evolutionary process in which organisms not closely related independently acquire some characteristic or characteristics in common.
Differential
Interbreed
Kingdom
Convergent
7. ______________ struggle is the struggle of organisms against the physical environment.
Allele
Differential
Environmental
Chance
8. At some time in their life cycle - chordates have a pair of lateral gill slits or pouches used to obtain __________ in a liquid environment.
Fire
Allele
Homologous
Oxygen
9. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of the same species.
Intraspecific
Species
Microevolution
Fungi
10. Mammals developed from primitive mammal-like reptiles during the __________ Period - some 200-245 million years ago.
Triassic
Genus
Differential
Genetic drift
11. The mutation may be harmful (resulting in a reduced probability of survival for the organism involved) - ____________ (it might also do its intended job better) or merely neutral (no effect at all).
Seven
Beneficial
Change
Interspecific
12. ___________ speciation happens when members of a population develop some genetic difference that prevents them from reproducing with the parent type.
Natural selection
33 phyla
Embryos
Sympatric
13. Homo erectus was the first hominid to use ___________ - and have social structures for food gathering.
Seven
Homologous
Fire
Hunter-gatherer
14. A ___________ can be defined as one or more populations of interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated in nature from all other organisms.
Cold
Natural selection
Evolution
Species
15. Darwin reported that all organisms tend to _____________ in a geometric ratio provided there are no environmental checks. Even slow breeding animals like the elephant may theoretically give rise to 19 million descendants in a period of 750 years.
Macroscopic.
Triassic
Polymorphism
Increase
16. An allele may increase - or decrease - in frequency simply through ___________. Not every member of the population will become a parent and not every set of parents will produce the same number of offspring.
Chance
Elongation
Homology
Evolved
17. Humans who have produced offspring that successfully live in a ________ environment tend to be broader and smaller in stature while hotter environments are occupied by thinner taller humans.
Homo erectus
Baseline
Cold
Polymorphism
18. Heritable variations are called _____________ variations. Such variations arising from changes in DNA are passed on within families and to the offspring from the parents.
Convergent
Embryos
Binomial
Genetic
19. Immediately below kingdom is the _________ level of classification. At this level - animals are grouped together based on similarities in basic body plan or organization.
Punctuated
Phylum
Elongation
Function
20. Scientific classification sorts living organisms by _________ levels of classification - kingdom; phylum; class; order; family; genus; and species.
Code
Seven
Fossil
Chance
21. Prior to the scientific discoveries of the past 200 years - _____________ from the Book Of Genesis described how living things came into being.
33 phyla
Mass
Creationism
Environment
22. In a genetic drift the entire population may become homozygous for the allele or - equally likely - the allele may disappear. Before either of these fates occurs - the allele represents a Polymorphism. This is a case of polymorphism through...
Microevolution
33 phyla
Genus
Genetic drift
23. Such a dual level designation is referred to as a _________ nomenclature.
Binomial
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Continuity
Interbreed
24. Because organisms are continually tested by their changing ______________ - their forms change to suit new conditions.
Environment
Phylum
Bipedal
Interbreed
25. Extinctions - mostly at the level of species - have been occurring constantly at a low 'background rate' - usually matched by the rate at which new species appear - with the result that ____________ is constantly increasing.
Biodiversity
Microevolution
Comparative anatomy.
Mimicry
26. A Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium provides a ___________ by which to judge whether evolution has occurred.
Cold
Baseline
Monera
Bipedal
27. _____________ can occur randomly - from radiation damage (impact with high energy g-rays or cosmic rays) - from exposure to chemical agents called mutagens - or simply by error in the DNA replication process.
Cold
Mutations
Founder.
Code
28. When Charles Darwin was in the Galapagos islands - one of the first things he noticed is the variety of ___________ that existed on each of the islands.
Cold
Homologous
Finches
Evolution
29. For humans - the complete classification is: Kingdom (Animalia); Phylum (__________); Class (Mammalia); Order (Primates); Family (Hominidae); Genus (Homo); Species (Sapiens).
Phylum
Convergent
Genetic drift
Chordata
30. Most anthropologists agree that the ______ _______ was populated by a series of three migrations over the temporary land connection between Asia and North America.
New World
Embryos
Extinction
Code
31. __________ are the remains of organisms that lived in the past.
Environmental
Homologous
Beneficial
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
32. Homology is also seen in the structure of eye - brain - joint appendages of arthropods - etc. It is thus evidence for ____________.
Evolution
Protoplasm
Out-of-Africa
Allele
33. The highest category in the Linnaean system of classification is the __________. At this level - organisms are distinguished on the basis of cellular organization and methods of nutrition.
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Kingdom
Change
Macroscopic.
34. All organisms are placed into one of five kingdoms: Monera - Protista - ________ - Plantae - Animalia.
Change
Species
Fungi
Evolved
35. _______________ is that branch of biology dealing with the identification and naming of organisms.
Neanderthals
Evolution
DNA
Taxonomy
36. At the molecular level - life's ability to reproduce begins with the replication of ____________ - during which two new spirals are created that are exact replicas of the original molecule.
DNA
Continuity
Allopatric
Baseline
37. The ____________ mammals occupy Australia - and differ from placental mammals because they bear their young inside a pouch (instead of a placenta).
Finches
Analogy
Genetic drift
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
38. There are at least ___________ of animals. Humans are members of the phylum Chordata.
Beneficial
33 phyla
Kingdom
Function
39. Some important structural changes during the evolution of horse are: Increase in size from 11' (Eohippus) to about 60' (Equus) - and ___________ of the head and neck so as that it can reach the ground.
Elongation
Biodiversity
Fungi
Homo erectus
40. _________ evidence shows that the horse has undergone considerable evolutionary change over a period of 60 million years.
Homologous
Fire
Struggle
Fossil
41. Homology was defined by Darwin as similarity of structure and position - and distinguished from 'analogy -' which was defined as similarity of _____________ but not necessarily of structure and position.
Comparative anatomy.
Genetic drift
DNA
Function
42. _____________ is the accumulation of small changes in a gene pool over a relatively short period.
Mutations
Microevolution
Mass
Natural selection
43. _____________ is the end of a particular evolutionary line - the end of a species - a family - or a larger group of organisms.
Environmental
Homology
Convergent
Extinction
44. Homology has to be distinguished from ___________; for instance - the wings of insects and the wings of birds are analogous but not homologous.
Hunter-gatherer
Fossil
Genetic
Analogy
45. The Regional ___________ Hypothesis suggests that regional populations of H. erectus evolved into H. sapiens through interbreeding between the various populations.
Continuity
Homo
Somatic
Binomial
46. When carriers have advantages that allow a detrimental allele to persist in a population - ______________ polymorphism is at work.
Differential
Balanced
Dinosaurs
Mass
47. The Neolithic transition - about 10 -000 years ago - involved the change from __________-__________ societies to agricultural ones based on cultivation of plants and domesticated animals.
Evolution
Differential
Hunter-gatherer
Struggle
48. The _______-_________ Law states that an equilibrium of allele frequencies in a gene pool remains in effect in each succeeding generation of a sexually reproducing population if five conditions are met.
Microevolution
Adaptive radiation
Homology
Hardy-Weinberg
49. The study of ____________ ____________ supports the claim of a common origin of organisms.
Phylum
Comparative anatomy.
Evolved
Mimicry
50. Any change of _________ frequencies in a gene pool indicates that evolution has occurred. The Hardy-Weinberg law proposes that those factors that violate the conditions listed - cause evolution.
Allele
Homo erectus
Code
Environment