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CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution

Subjects : clep, science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Mammals developed from primitive mammal-like reptiles during the __________ Period - some 200-245 million years ago.






2. The study of ____________ ____________ supports the claim of a common origin of organisms.






3. About 1.8 million years ago - early Homo gave rise to _______ ________ - the species thought to have been ancestral to our own.






4. Differential reproduction allows one species to gradually evolve into a new species. This is the process of ____________.






5. _____________ is the end of a particular evolutionary line - the end of a species - a family - or a larger group of organisms.






6. The ____________ mammals occupy Australia - and differ from placental mammals because they bear their young inside a pouch (instead of a placenta).






7. In the 1680s Ariaantje and Gerrit Jansz emigrated from Holland to South Africa - one of them bringing along an allele for the mild metabolic disease porphyria. Today more than 30000 South Africans carry this allele and - in every case examined - can






8. If a population began with a few individuals - one or more of whom carried a particular allele - that allele may come to be represented in many of the descendants. This is known as ____________.






9. Any change of _________ frequencies in a gene pool indicates that evolution has occurred. The Hardy-Weinberg law proposes that those factors that violate the conditions listed - cause evolution.






10. Humans are ____________ - meaning we walk on two of our limbs. The amount of melanin in our skin is representative of the environment we live in - i.e. dark skinned people occupy hotter climates.






11. An allele may increase - or decrease - in frequency simply through ___________. Not every member of the population will become a parent and not every set of parents will produce the same number of offspring.






12. Extinctions - mostly at the level of species - have been occurring constantly at a low 'background rate' - usually matched by the rate at which new species appear - with the result that ____________ is constantly increasing.






13. ___________ speciation happens when members of a population develop some genetic difference that prevents them from reproducing with the parent type.






14. Homology was defined by Darwin as similarity of structure and position - and distinguished from 'analogy -' which was defined as similarity of _____________ but not necessarily of structure and position.






15. Organisms struggle for existence. Organisms with advantageous characters survive - while those which lack such variations perish. The advantageous characters are passed on to the offsprings generation after generation and the organisms become better






16. Heritable variations are called _____________ variations. Such variations arising from changes in DNA are passed on within families and to the offspring from the parents.






17. As populations diverge - they form similar but related species. When are two populations new species? When populations no longer _____________ they are thought to be separate species.






18. Homology has to be distinguished from ___________; for instance - the wings of insects and the wings of birds are analogous but not homologous.






19. The mutation may be harmful (resulting in a reduced probability of survival for the organism involved) - ____________ (it might also do its intended job better) or merely neutral (no effect at all).






20. Darwin's Finches illustrated ___________ ____________. This is where species all deriving from a common ancestor have over time successfully adapted to their environment via natural selection.






21. Homology is also seen in the structure of eye - brain - joint appendages of arthropods - etc. It is thus evidence for ____________.






22. The _______-_________ Law states that an equilibrium of allele frequencies in a gene pool remains in effect in each succeeding generation of a sexually reproducing population if five conditions are met.






23. A ____________ tree is a graphical means to depict the evolutionary relationships of a group of organisms.






24. There are certain animals with intermediate characters between two major groups of animals. They are called ___________ _____.






25. A ___________ can be defined as one or more populations of interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated in nature from all other organisms.






26. Homo erectus was the first hominid to use ___________ - and have social structures for food gathering.






27. __________ are the remains of organisms that lived in the past.






28. About 2 million years ago - two groups developed: the australopithecines - generally smaller brained and not users of tools; and the line that led to genus _________ - larger brained and makers and users of tools.






29. Prior to the scientific discoveries of the past 200 years - _____________ from the Book Of Genesis described how living things came into being.






30. ____________ reproduction - whether reproduction proceeds with lesser or greater success - is central to the process of natural selection; it determines whether a given mutation becomes established in the general population.






31. The ______-____-______ Hypothesis proposes that some Homo erectus remained in Africa and continued to evolve into Homo sapiens - and left Africa about 100 -000-200 -000 years ago. From a single source - Homo sapiens replaced all populations of Homo e






32. Almost all _________ organisms are either plants or animals.






33. The highest category in the Linnaean system of classification is the __________. At this level - organisms are distinguished on the basis of cellular organization and methods of nutrition.






34. Insect ____________ is also an example of convergent evolution - as for example when an edible (palatable) butterfly develops a color pattern similar to a relatively unrelated inedible (unpalatable) butterfly - and by so doing escapes being eaten.






35. Most anthropologists agree that the ______ _______ was populated by a series of three migrations over the temporary land connection between Asia and North America.






36. All organisms are placed into one of five kingdoms: Monera - Protista - ________ - Plantae - Animalia.






37. Because organisms are continually tested by their changing ______________ - their forms change to suit new conditions.






38. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of the same species.






39. Humans who have produced offspring that successfully live in a ________ environment tend to be broader and smaller in stature while hotter environments are occupied by thinner taller humans.






40. Linnaeus placed all monkeys and apes along with humans into the order _________






41. When carriers have advantages that allow a detrimental allele to persist in a population - ______________ polymorphism is at work.






42. Members of the phylum _____________ have soft - unsegmented bodies that are usually - but not always - enclosed in hard shells.






43. When Charles Darwin was in the Galapagos islands - one of the first things he noticed is the variety of ___________ that existed on each of the islands.






44. Speciation by ____________ Equilibrium involves a group of creatures which gets isolated from the rest of their species.






45. The Linnaean system uses two Latin name categories - ________ and species - to designate each type of organism.






46. The __________ kingdom consists of one-celled organisms as well - but differs from the Monera kingdom in that it consists of eukaryotes.






47. Immediately below kingdom is the _________ level of classification. At this level - animals are grouped together based on similarities in basic body plan or organization.






48. Scientific classification sorts living organisms by _________ levels of classification - kingdom; phylum; class; order; family; genus; and species.






49. In a genetic drift the entire population may become homozygous for the allele or - equally likely - the allele may disappear. Before either of these fates occurs - the allele represents a Polymorphism. This is a case of polymorphism through...






50. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of different species.







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