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CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution

Subjects : clep, science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of different species.






2. Because organisms are continually tested by their changing ______________ - their forms change to suit new conditions.






3. Mammals developed from primitive mammal-like reptiles during the __________ Period - some 200-245 million years ago.






4. Homology has to be distinguished from ___________; for instance - the wings of insects and the wings of birds are analogous but not homologous.






5. A ___________ can be defined as one or more populations of interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated in nature from all other organisms.






6. An important step toward the modern theory of evolution came in the 1760's - when Count George-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1707-1788) published his Natural History of Animals with the idea that species __________ over time.






7. ____________ reproduction - whether reproduction proceeds with lesser or greater success - is central to the process of natural selection; it determines whether a given mutation becomes established in the general population.






8. Organisms struggle for existence. Organisms with advantageous characters survive - while those which lack such variations perish. The advantageous characters are passed on to the offsprings generation after generation and the organisms become better






9. As the finch population began to flourish in these advantageous conditions - ______________ competition became a factor - and resources on the islands were squeezed and could not sustain the population of the finches for long.






10. All organisms are placed into one of five kingdoms: Monera - Protista - ________ - Plantae - Animalia.






11. The Linnaean system uses two Latin name categories - ________ and species - to designate each type of organism.






12. Homo erectus was the first hominid to use ___________ - and have social structures for food gathering.






13. About 2 million years ago - two groups developed: the australopithecines - generally smaller brained and not users of tools; and the line that led to genus _________ - larger brained and makers and users of tools.






14. Such a dual level designation is referred to as a _________ nomenclature.






15. _____________ can occur randomly - from radiation damage (impact with high energy g-rays or cosmic rays) - from exposure to chemical agents called mutagens - or simply by error in the DNA replication process.






16. At some time in their life cycle - chordates have a pair of lateral gill slits or pouches used to obtain __________ in a liquid environment.






17. If a population began with a few individuals - one or more of whom carried a particular allele - that allele may come to be represented in many of the descendants. This is known as ____________.






18. _________ evidence shows that the horse has undergone considerable evolutionary change over a period of 60 million years.






19. Charles Darwin published a book The Origin of Species in the year 1859. He proposed that the new species came about by a process called ___________ __________.






20. Despite their image as brutish simpletons - _____________were the first humans to bury their dead with artifacts - indicating abstract thought - perhaps a belief in an after-life.






21. In the 1680s Ariaantje and Gerrit Jansz emigrated from Holland to South Africa - one of them bringing along an allele for the mild metabolic disease porphyria. Today more than 30000 South Africans carry this allele and - in every case examined - can






22. Homology is also seen in the structure of eye - brain - joint appendages of arthropods - etc. It is thus evidence for ____________.






23. About 1.8 million years ago - early Homo gave rise to _______ ________ - the species thought to have been ancestral to our own.






24. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of the same species.






25. The mutation may be harmful (resulting in a reduced probability of survival for the organism involved) - ____________ (it might also do its intended job better) or merely neutral (no effect at all).






26. Some important structural changes during the evolution of horse are: Increase in size from 11' (Eohippus) to about 60' (Equus) - and ___________ of the head and neck so as that it can reach the ground.






27. __________ are the remains of organisms that lived in the past.






28. The study of ____________ ____________ supports the claim of a common origin of organisms.






29. In species which reproduce _____________ - extinction of a species is generally inevitable when there is only one individual of that species left - or only individuals of a single sex.






30. _____________ is the end of a particular evolutionary line - the end of a species - a family - or a larger group of organisms.






31. Linnaeus placed all monkeys and apes along with humans into the order _________






32. Biodiversity crashes during ________ extinctions. This has been a powerful force in evolution - wiping the slate clean of up to 96% of all species - and providing the survivors with a world full of opportunities into which they can diversify.






33. Members of the phylum _____________ have soft - unsegmented bodies that are usually - but not always - enclosed in hard shells.






34. Differential reproduction allows one species to gradually evolve into a new species. This is the process of ____________.






35. Almost all _________ organisms are either plants or animals.






36. Any change of _________ frequencies in a gene pool indicates that evolution has occurred. The Hardy-Weinberg law proposes that those factors that violate the conditions listed - cause evolution.






37. There are at least ___________ of animals. Humans are members of the phylum Chordata.






38. The Regional ___________ Hypothesis suggests that regional populations of H. erectus evolved into H. sapiens through interbreeding between the various populations.






39. _____________ is the accumulation of small changes in a gene pool over a relatively short period.






40. Immediately below kingdom is the _________ level of classification. At this level - animals are grouped together based on similarities in basic body plan or organization.






41. Populations begin to diverge when gene flow between them is restricted. Geographic isolation is often the first step in ____________ speciation.






42. A ____________ tree is a graphical means to depict the evolutionary relationships of a group of organisms.






43. When carriers have advantages that allow a detrimental allele to persist in a population - ______________ polymorphism is at work.






44. A Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium provides a ___________ by which to judge whether evolution has occurred.






45. The ____________ mammals occupy Australia - and differ from placental mammals because they bear their young inside a pouch (instead of a placenta).






46. Scientific classification sorts living organisms by _________ levels of classification - kingdom; phylum; class; order; family; genus; and species.






47. Homology was defined by Darwin as similarity of structure and position - and distinguished from 'analogy -' which was defined as similarity of _____________ but not necessarily of structure and position.






48. Most anthropologists agree that the ______ _______ was populated by a series of three migrations over the temporary land connection between Asia and North America.






49. Darwin's Finches illustrated ___________ ____________. This is where species all deriving from a common ancestor have over time successfully adapted to their environment via natural selection.






50. ___________ speciation happens when members of a population develop some genetic difference that prevents them from reproducing with the parent type.