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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution
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Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. _________ evidence shows that the horse has undergone considerable evolutionary change over a period of 60 million years.
Polymorphism
Fossil
Out-of-Africa
Natural selection
2. Extinctions - mostly at the level of species - have been occurring constantly at a low 'background rate' - usually matched by the rate at which new species appear - with the result that ____________ is constantly increasing.
Code
Natural selection
Biodiversity
Convergent
3. _____________ is the end of a particular evolutionary line - the end of a species - a family - or a larger group of organisms.
Extinction
Fungi
Creationism
Continuity
4. In general if two genes have an almost identical DNA sequence - it is likely that they are ____________.
Fire
Genetic drift
Somatic
Homologous
5. Any change of _________ frequencies in a gene pool indicates that evolution has occurred. The Hardy-Weinberg law proposes that those factors that violate the conditions listed - cause evolution.
Struggle
Fossil
Allele
Elongation
6. Insect ____________ is also an example of convergent evolution - as for example when an edible (palatable) butterfly develops a color pattern similar to a relatively unrelated inedible (unpalatable) butterfly - and by so doing escapes being eaten.
Mimicry
Cold
Chance
Intraspecific
7. Such a dual level designation is referred to as a _________ nomenclature.
Creationism
Continuity
Code
Binomial
8. When carriers have advantages that allow a detrimental allele to persist in a population - ______________ polymorphism is at work.
Finches
New World
Biodiversity
Balanced
9. Some important structural changes during the evolution of horse are: Increase in size from 11' (Eohippus) to about 60' (Equus) - and ___________ of the head and neck so as that it can reach the ground.
Kingdom
Analogy
Bipedal
Elongation
10. The study of ____________ ____________ supports the claim of a common origin of organisms.
Oxygen
Comparative anatomy.
Environmental
Interbreed
11. An important step toward the modern theory of evolution came in the 1760's - when Count George-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1707-1788) published his Natural History of Animals with the idea that species __________ over time.
Change
Differential
Genus
Comparative anatomy.
12. Biodiversity crashes during ________ extinctions. This has been a powerful force in evolution - wiping the slate clean of up to 96% of all species - and providing the survivors with a world full of opportunities into which they can diversify.
Change
Mass
Elongation
Kingdom
13. Darwin's Finches illustrated ___________ ____________. This is where species all deriving from a common ancestor have over time successfully adapted to their environment via natural selection.
Adaptive radiation
Beneficial
Genus
Monera
14. Mammals developed from primitive mammal-like reptiles during the __________ Period - some 200-245 million years ago.
Macroscopic.
Triassic
Intraspecific
Phylogenetic
15. Except for the tail fins - whales greatly resemble fish in outline - but are instead descended from four-legged land ___________.
Protista
Sickle Cell
Mammals.
Phylogenetic
16. For humans - the complete classification is: Kingdom (Animalia); Phylum (__________); Class (Mammalia); Order (Primates); Family (Hominidae); Genus (Homo); Species (Sapiens).
Genetic drift
Connecting links
Punctuated
Chordata
17. Primates evolved about approximately 30 million years ago in ___________. One branch of primates evolved into the Old and New World Monkeys - the other into the hominoids (the line of descent common to both apes and man).
Seven
Africa
Interbreed
Homologous
18. Darwin reported that all organisms tend to _____________ in a geometric ratio provided there are no environmental checks. Even slow breeding animals like the elephant may theoretically give rise to 19 million descendants in a period of 750 years.
Function
Intraspecific
Increase
Comparative anatomy.
19. Members of the phylum _____________ have soft - unsegmented bodies that are usually - but not always - enclosed in hard shells.
Interbreed
Macroscopic.
Mollusca
Mutations
20. The highest category in the Linnaean system of classification is the __________. At this level - organisms are distinguished on the basis of cellular organization and methods of nutrition.
Evolution
Binomial
Differential
Kingdom
21. Immediately below kingdom is the _________ level of classification. At this level - animals are grouped together based on similarities in basic body plan or organization.
Fungi
Species
Phylum
Evolved
22. Homo erectus was the first hominid to use ___________ - and have social structures for food gathering.
Seven
Convergent
Fire
Differential
23. As populations diverge - they form similar but related species. When are two populations new species? When populations no longer _____________ they are thought to be separate species.
Genus
Interbreed
Convergent
Beneficial
24. ____________ reproduction - whether reproduction proceeds with lesser or greater success - is central to the process of natural selection; it determines whether a given mutation becomes established in the general population.
Sexually
New World
Genus
Differential
25. At some time in their life cycle - chordates have a pair of lateral gill slits or pouches used to obtain __________ in a liquid environment.
Chance
Oxygen
Binomial
Polymorphism
26. There are certain animals with intermediate characters between two major groups of animals. They are called ___________ _____.
Change
Homologous
Creationism
Connecting links
27. Prior to the scientific discoveries of the past 200 years - _____________ from the Book Of Genesis described how living things came into being.
DNA
Comparative anatomy.
Creationism
Biodiversity
28. The ______-____-______ Hypothesis proposes that some Homo erectus remained in Africa and continued to evolve into Homo sapiens - and left Africa about 100 -000-200 -000 years ago. From a single source - Homo sapiens replaced all populations of Homo e
Mutations
Fire
Genetic
Out-of-Africa
29. Animals and plants show variations in physical structure. Some of these variations are simply caused by external conditions (environmental) - such as accidents - temperature - food abundance - etc.. ___________ variations have no effect on evolution
Somatic
Homologous
Environment
Intraspecific
30. Almost all _________ organisms are either plants or animals.
Monera
Macroscopic.
Bipedal
Function
31. Homology has to be distinguished from ___________; for instance - the wings of insects and the wings of birds are analogous but not homologous.
33 phyla
Analogy
Struggle
Fire
32. If a population began with a few individuals - one or more of whom carried a particular allele - that allele may come to be represented in many of the descendants. This is known as ____________.
Polymorphism
Baseline
Kingdom
Fungi
33. In a genetic drift the entire population may become homozygous for the allele or - equally likely - the allele may disappear. Before either of these fates occurs - the allele represents a Polymorphism. This is a case of polymorphism through...
Genetic drift
Out-of-Africa
Microevolution
Punctuated
34. There are at least ___________ of animals. Humans are members of the phylum Chordata.
Sympatric
Chordata
Mimicry
33 phyla
35. As the finch population began to flourish in these advantageous conditions - ______________ competition became a factor - and resources on the islands were squeezed and could not sustain the population of the finches for long.
Change
Comparative anatomy.
Intraspecific
Interbreed
36. A comparative study of physiology and biochemistry also supports the common origin for different organisms. The _____________ of all organisms cells is more or less same in composition.
Homo erectus
Seven
Protoplasm
Differential
37. In species which reproduce _____________ - extinction of a species is generally inevitable when there is only one individual of that species left - or only individuals of a single sex.
Embryos
Bipedal
Sexually
Dinosaurs
38. _________ ______ disease causes anemia - joint pain - a swollen spleen - and frequent - severe infections. It illustrates balanced polymorphism because carriers are resistant to malaria - an infection by the parasite that causes cycles of chills and
Neanderthals
Extinction
Sickle Cell
New World
39. Homology was defined by Darwin as similarity of structure and position - and distinguished from 'analogy -' which was defined as similarity of _____________ but not necessarily of structure and position.
Genus
Neanderthals
Protista
Function
40. Linnaeus placed all monkeys and apes along with humans into the order _________
Code
Primates
Balanced
Protoplasm
41. At the molecular level - life's ability to reproduce begins with the replication of ____________ - during which two new spirals are created that are exact replicas of the original molecule.
Chordata
Extinction
Chance
DNA
42. According to Darwin - in spite of the high reproductive potential - the number of individuals in a species remains relatively constant - suggesting _____________ for existence.
Africa
Struggle
Polymorphism
Mimicry
43. The early stages of development of the ___________ of fish - salamander - tortoise - hen and man show remarkable similarity.
Evolved
Extinction
Convergent
Embryos
44. Charles Darwin published a book The Origin of Species in the year 1859. He proposed that the new species came about by a process called ___________ __________.
Environmental
Natural selection
Triassic
Mass
45. About 2 million years ago - two groups developed: the australopithecines - generally smaller brained and not users of tools; and the line that led to genus _________ - larger brained and makers and users of tools.
Homo
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Sickle Cell
Differential
46. In the 1680s Ariaantje and Gerrit Jansz emigrated from Holland to South Africa - one of them bringing along an allele for the mild metabolic disease porphyria. Today more than 30000 South Africans carry this allele and - in every case examined - can
Founder.
Somatic
Convergent
Mutations
47. ___________ is a specific explanation of similarity of form seen in the biological world. In genetics - it is used in reference to protein or DNA sequences - meaning that the given sequences share ancestry.
Evolution
Connecting links
Monera
Homology
48. The __________ kingdom consists of one-celled organisms as well - but differs from the Monera kingdom in that it consists of eukaryotes.
Protista
Convergent
Balanced
Natural selection
49. The mutation may be harmful (resulting in a reduced probability of survival for the organism involved) - ____________ (it might also do its intended job better) or merely neutral (no effect at all).
Beneficial
Mollusca
Founder.
Triassic
50. Because organisms are continually tested by their changing ______________ - their forms change to suit new conditions.
Environment
Interspecific
Oxygen
Homo erectus