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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution
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Subjects
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clep
,
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Darwin's Finches illustrated ___________ ____________. This is where species all deriving from a common ancestor have over time successfully adapted to their environment via natural selection.
Adaptive radiation
Phylum
Homology
Protoplasm
2. Organisms struggle for existence. Organisms with advantageous characters survive - while those which lack such variations perish. The advantageous characters are passed on to the offsprings generation after generation and the organisms become better
Natural selection
Creationism
Intraspecific
33 phyla
3. If a population began with a few individuals - one or more of whom carried a particular allele - that allele may come to be represented in many of the descendants. This is known as ____________.
Intraspecific
Balanced
Polymorphism
Genetic drift
4. Any change of _________ frequencies in a gene pool indicates that evolution has occurred. The Hardy-Weinberg law proposes that those factors that violate the conditions listed - cause evolution.
Sexually
Natural selection
Protista
Allele
5. ___________ speciation happens when members of a population develop some genetic difference that prevents them from reproducing with the parent type.
Elongation
Connecting links
Sympatric
33 phyla
6. As populations diverge - they form similar but related species. When are two populations new species? When populations no longer _____________ they are thought to be separate species.
Natural selection
Triassic
Function
Interbreed
7. At some time in their life cycle - chordates have a pair of lateral gill slits or pouches used to obtain __________ in a liquid environment.
Hardy-Weinberg
Oxygen
Balanced
Code
8. Humans are ____________ - meaning we walk on two of our limbs. The amount of melanin in our skin is representative of the environment we live in - i.e. dark skinned people occupy hotter climates.
Bipedal
Kingdom
Analogy
Balanced
9. _____________ can occur randomly - from radiation damage (impact with high energy g-rays or cosmic rays) - from exposure to chemical agents called mutagens - or simply by error in the DNA replication process.
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Mutations
Evolution
Protista
10. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of different species.
Oxygen
Continuity
Interspecific
Mass
11. Heritable variations are called _____________ variations. Such variations arising from changes in DNA are passed on within families and to the offspring from the parents.
Out-of-Africa
Embryos
Genetic
Baseline
12. Speciation by ____________ Equilibrium involves a group of creatures which gets isolated from the rest of their species.
Protoplasm
Hardy-Weinberg
Sickle Cell
Punctuated
13. About 1.8 million years ago - early Homo gave rise to _______ ________ - the species thought to have been ancestral to our own.
DNA
Environmental
Homo erectus
Polymorphism
14. _______________ is that branch of biology dealing with the identification and naming of organisms.
Phylum
Fungi
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Taxonomy
15. The highest category in the Linnaean system of classification is the __________. At this level - organisms are distinguished on the basis of cellular organization and methods of nutrition.
Kingdom
Neanderthals
Macroscopic.
Sickle Cell
16. A Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium provides a ___________ by which to judge whether evolution has occurred.
Increase
Species
Neanderthals
Baseline
17. Most anthropologists agree that the ______ _______ was populated by a series of three migrations over the temporary land connection between Asia and North America.
New World
Code
Hunter-gatherer
Connecting links
18. A ___________ can be defined as one or more populations of interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated in nature from all other organisms.
Struggle
Species
Allopatric
Microevolution
19. Insect ____________ is also an example of convergent evolution - as for example when an edible (palatable) butterfly develops a color pattern similar to a relatively unrelated inedible (unpalatable) butterfly - and by so doing escapes being eaten.
Evolved
Evolution
Mimicry
Genetic
20. Animals and plants show variations in physical structure. Some of these variations are simply caused by external conditions (environmental) - such as accidents - temperature - food abundance - etc.. ___________ variations have no effect on evolution
Struggle
Connecting links
Chordata
Somatic
21. Despite their image as brutish simpletons - _____________were the first humans to bury their dead with artifacts - indicating abstract thought - perhaps a belief in an after-life.
Protista
Mammals.
Neanderthals
Triassic
22. For humans - the complete classification is: Kingdom (Animalia); Phylum (__________); Class (Mammalia); Order (Primates); Family (Hominidae); Genus (Homo); Species (Sapiens).
Kingdom
Interspecific
Chordata
Seven
23. Mammals developed from primitive mammal-like reptiles during the __________ Period - some 200-245 million years ago.
Oxygen
Kingdom
Triassic
New World
24. ____________ organs are formed on the same basic plan though they may be modified variously to perform different functions. They must have a common ancestral structure which gave rise to different modifications.
Chordata
Mass
Homologous
Genetic
25. ______________ struggle is the struggle of organisms against the physical environment.
Fungi
Mimicry
Environmental
Binomial
26. In the 1680s Ariaantje and Gerrit Jansz emigrated from Holland to South Africa - one of them bringing along an allele for the mild metabolic disease porphyria. Today more than 30000 South Africans carry this allele and - in every case examined - can
Dinosaurs
Seven
Polymorphism
Founder.
27. Biodiversity crashes during ________ extinctions. This has been a powerful force in evolution - wiping the slate clean of up to 96% of all species - and providing the survivors with a world full of opportunities into which they can diversify.
Mass
Change
Comparative anatomy.
Protista
28. _________ evidence shows that the horse has undergone considerable evolutionary change over a period of 60 million years.
Fossil
Code
Founder.
Mimicry
29. Homology was defined by Darwin as similarity of structure and position - and distinguished from 'analogy -' which was defined as similarity of _____________ but not necessarily of structure and position.
Mass
Function
New World
Allele
30. Prior to the scientific discoveries of the past 200 years - _____________ from the Book Of Genesis described how living things came into being.
Homo
Change
Kingdom
Creationism
31. As the finch population began to flourish in these advantageous conditions - ______________ competition became a factor - and resources on the islands were squeezed and could not sustain the population of the finches for long.
Microevolution
Chordata
Differential
Intraspecific
32. Darwin reported that all organisms tend to _____________ in a geometric ratio provided there are no environmental checks. Even slow breeding animals like the elephant may theoretically give rise to 19 million descendants in a period of 750 years.
Function
Convergent
Increase
Binomial
33. Linnaeus placed all monkeys and apes along with humans into the order _________
Balanced
Hunter-gatherer
Dinosaurs
Primates
34. Some important structural changes during the evolution of horse are: Increase in size from 11' (Eohippus) to about 60' (Equus) - and ___________ of the head and neck so as that it can reach the ground.
Evolution
Africa
Elongation
Allopatric
35. In a genetic drift the entire population may become homozygous for the allele or - equally likely - the allele may disappear. Before either of these fates occurs - the allele represents a Polymorphism. This is a case of polymorphism through...
Fire
Struggle
Genetic drift
Intraspecific
36. Homology has to be distinguished from ___________; for instance - the wings of insects and the wings of birds are analogous but not homologous.
Environment
Analogy
Change
Evolution
37. __________ are the remains of organisms that lived in the past.
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Monera
Evolution
Chordata
38. About 2 million years ago - two groups developed: the australopithecines - generally smaller brained and not users of tools; and the line that led to genus _________ - larger brained and makers and users of tools.
Mass
Convergent
Homo
Phylum
39. The Linnaean system uses two Latin name categories - ________ and species - to designate each type of organism.
Genus
Comparative anatomy.
Triassic
Extinction
40. Homo erectus was the first hominid to use ___________ - and have social structures for food gathering.
Mimicry
Fire
Homology
Function
41. An allele may increase - or decrease - in frequency simply through ___________. Not every member of the population will become a parent and not every set of parents will produce the same number of offspring.
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Triassic
Chance
Natural selection
42. Differential reproduction allows one species to gradually evolve into a new species. This is the process of ____________.
Sexually
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Evolution
Change
43. _____________ is the end of a particular evolutionary line - the end of a species - a family - or a larger group of organisms.
Extinction
Taxonomy
Homologous
Kingdom
44. The study of ____________ ____________ supports the claim of a common origin of organisms.
Hardy-Weinberg
Chance
Comparative anatomy.
Polymorphism
45. ____________ reproduction - whether reproduction proceeds with lesser or greater success - is central to the process of natural selection; it determines whether a given mutation becomes established in the general population.
Mutations
Change
Differential
Chordata
46. According to Darwin - in spite of the high reproductive potential - the number of individuals in a species remains relatively constant - suggesting _____________ for existence.
Interspecific
Struggle
Genus
Function
47. When carriers have advantages that allow a detrimental allele to persist in a population - ______________ polymorphism is at work.
Balanced
Species
Binomial
Founder.
48. At the molecular level - life's ability to reproduce begins with the replication of ____________ - during which two new spirals are created that are exact replicas of the original molecule.
Protoplasm
Environment
DNA
Differential
49. The most recent mass extinction - the K-T extinction at the end of the Cretaceous period - is best known for having wiped out the __________ .
Sympatric
Fire
Dinosaurs
Homology
50. Scientific classification sorts living organisms by _________ levels of classification - kingdom; phylum; class; order; family; genus; and species.
Struggle
Mollusca
Seven
Protista
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