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CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution

Subjects : clep, science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Homo erectus was the first hominid to use ___________ - and have social structures for food gathering.






2. Almost all _________ organisms are either plants or animals.






3. A comparative study of physiology and biochemistry also supports the common origin for different organisms. The _____________ of all organisms cells is more or less same in composition.






4. Primates evolved about approximately 30 million years ago in ___________. One branch of primates evolved into the Old and New World Monkeys - the other into the hominoids (the line of descent common to both apes and man).






5. There are certain animals with intermediate characters between two major groups of animals. They are called ___________ _____.






6. Some important structural changes during the evolution of horse are: Increase in size from 11' (Eohippus) to about 60' (Equus) - and ___________ of the head and neck so as that it can reach the ground.






7. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of the same species.






8. When carriers have advantages that allow a detrimental allele to persist in a population - ______________ polymorphism is at work.






9. A Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium provides a ___________ by which to judge whether evolution has occurred.






10. In general if two genes have an almost identical DNA sequence - it is likely that they are ____________.






11. An important step toward the modern theory of evolution came in the 1760's - when Count George-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1707-1788) published his Natural History of Animals with the idea that species __________ over time.






12. The most recent mass extinction - the K-T extinction at the end of the Cretaceous period - is best known for having wiped out the __________ .






13. When Charles Darwin was in the Galapagos islands - one of the first things he noticed is the variety of ___________ that existed on each of the islands.






14. At some time in their life cycle - chordates have a pair of lateral gill slits or pouches used to obtain __________ in a liquid environment.






15. All organisms are placed into one of five kingdoms: Monera - Protista - ________ - Plantae - Animalia.






16. The ______-____-______ Hypothesis proposes that some Homo erectus remained in Africa and continued to evolve into Homo sapiens - and left Africa about 100 -000-200 -000 years ago. From a single source - Homo sapiens replaced all populations of Homo e






17. Darwin reported that all organisms tend to _____________ in a geometric ratio provided there are no environmental checks. Even slow breeding animals like the elephant may theoretically give rise to 19 million descendants in a period of 750 years.






18. Heritable variations are called _____________ variations. Such variations arising from changes in DNA are passed on within families and to the offspring from the parents.






19. Biodiversity crashes during ________ extinctions. This has been a powerful force in evolution - wiping the slate clean of up to 96% of all species - and providing the survivors with a world full of opportunities into which they can diversify.






20. The only kingdom which consists of prokaryotes is the __________ kingdom.






21. The mutation may be harmful (resulting in a reduced probability of survival for the organism involved) - ____________ (it might also do its intended job better) or merely neutral (no effect at all).






22. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of different species.






23. __________ are the remains of organisms that lived in the past.






24. _______________ is that branch of biology dealing with the identification and naming of organisms.






25. Members of the phylum _____________ have soft - unsegmented bodies that are usually - but not always - enclosed in hard shells.






26. ____________ reproduction - whether reproduction proceeds with lesser or greater success - is central to the process of natural selection; it determines whether a given mutation becomes established in the general population.






27. About 1.8 million years ago - early Homo gave rise to _______ ________ - the species thought to have been ancestral to our own.






28. Speciation by ____________ Equilibrium involves a group of creatures which gets isolated from the rest of their species.






29. The ____________ mammals occupy Australia - and differ from placental mammals because they bear their young inside a pouch (instead of a placenta).






30. Most anthropologists agree that the ______ _______ was populated by a series of three migrations over the temporary land connection between Asia and North America.






31. In species which reproduce _____________ - extinction of a species is generally inevitable when there is only one individual of that species left - or only individuals of a single sex.






32. Homology has to be distinguished from ___________; for instance - the wings of insects and the wings of birds are analogous but not homologous.






33. Charles Darwin published a book The Origin of Species in the year 1859. He proposed that the new species came about by a process called ___________ __________.






34. There are at least ___________ of animals. Humans are members of the phylum Chordata.






35. Prior to the scientific discoveries of the past 200 years - _____________ from the Book Of Genesis described how living things came into being.






36. Any change of _________ frequencies in a gene pool indicates that evolution has occurred. The Hardy-Weinberg law proposes that those factors that violate the conditions listed - cause evolution.






37. Despite their image as brutish simpletons - _____________were the first humans to bury their dead with artifacts - indicating abstract thought - perhaps a belief in an after-life.






38. _____________ is the accumulation of small changes in a gene pool over a relatively short period.






39. ___________ evolution is an evolutionary process in which organisms not closely related independently acquire some characteristic or characteristics in common.






40. Except for the tail fins - whales greatly resemble fish in outline - but are instead descended from four-legged land ___________.






41. The Linnaean system uses two Latin name categories - ________ and species - to designate each type of organism.






42. The early stages of development of the ___________ of fish - salamander - tortoise - hen and man show remarkable similarity.






43. About 2 million years ago - two groups developed: the australopithecines - generally smaller brained and not users of tools; and the line that led to genus _________ - larger brained and makers and users of tools.






44. _____________ is the end of a particular evolutionary line - the end of a species - a family - or a larger group of organisms.






45. A ____________ tree is a graphical means to depict the evolutionary relationships of a group of organisms.






46. The study of ____________ ____________ supports the claim of a common origin of organisms.






47. Extinctions - mostly at the level of species - have been occurring constantly at a low 'background rate' - usually matched by the rate at which new species appear - with the result that ____________ is constantly increasing.






48. Linnaeus placed all monkeys and apes along with humans into the order _________






49. As the finch population began to flourish in these advantageous conditions - ______________ competition became a factor - and resources on the islands were squeezed and could not sustain the population of the finches for long.






50. Homology was defined by Darwin as similarity of structure and position - and distinguished from 'analogy -' which was defined as similarity of _____________ but not necessarily of structure and position.