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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution
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Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. All organisms are placed into one of five kingdoms: Monera - Protista - ________ - Plantae - Animalia.
Protista
Fungi
Macroscopic.
Increase
2. Except for the tail fins - whales greatly resemble fish in outline - but are instead descended from four-legged land ___________.
Mammals.
Oxygen
Intraspecific
Continuity
3. Linnaeus placed all monkeys and apes along with humans into the order _________
Primates
Hardy-Weinberg
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Hunter-gatherer
4. _____________ is the accumulation of small changes in a gene pool over a relatively short period.
Microevolution
Cold
Increase
Protista
5. Populations begin to diverge when gene flow between them is restricted. Geographic isolation is often the first step in ____________ speciation.
Baseline
Chance
Allopatric
Elongation
6. Scientific classification sorts living organisms by _________ levels of classification - kingdom; phylum; class; order; family; genus; and species.
Continuity
Sickle Cell
Seven
Intraspecific
7. Mammals developed from primitive mammal-like reptiles during the __________ Period - some 200-245 million years ago.
Increase
Chance
Triassic
Binomial
8. A ___________ can be defined as one or more populations of interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated in nature from all other organisms.
Species
Punctuated
Hardy-Weinberg
Mass
9. ___________ evolution is an evolutionary process in which organisms not closely related independently acquire some characteristic or characteristics in common.
Polymorphism
Founder.
Somatic
Convergent
10. Extinctions - mostly at the level of species - have been occurring constantly at a low 'background rate' - usually matched by the rate at which new species appear - with the result that ____________ is constantly increasing.
Biodiversity
Interspecific
Natural selection
Binomial
11. There are at least ___________ of animals. Humans are members of the phylum Chordata.
Change
33 phyla
Increase
Fossil
12. The __________ kingdom consists of one-celled organisms as well - but differs from the Monera kingdom in that it consists of eukaryotes.
Allele
33 phyla
Protista
Hunter-gatherer
13. Heritable variations are called _____________ variations. Such variations arising from changes in DNA are passed on within families and to the offspring from the parents.
Genetic
Convergent
Macroscopic.
Kingdom
14. As the finch population began to flourish in these advantageous conditions - ______________ competition became a factor - and resources on the islands were squeezed and could not sustain the population of the finches for long.
Intraspecific
Oxygen
Genetic drift
33 phyla
15. The mutation may be harmful (resulting in a reduced probability of survival for the organism involved) - ____________ (it might also do its intended job better) or merely neutral (no effect at all).
Beneficial
Macroscopic.
Phylogenetic
Homologous
16. If a population began with a few individuals - one or more of whom carried a particular allele - that allele may come to be represented in many of the descendants. This is known as ____________.
Microevolution
Punctuated
Environmental
Polymorphism
17. The study of ____________ ____________ supports the claim of a common origin of organisms.
Chordata
Protista
Comparative anatomy.
Connecting links
18. Homology was defined by Darwin as similarity of structure and position - and distinguished from 'analogy -' which was defined as similarity of _____________ but not necessarily of structure and position.
Out-of-Africa
Increase
Natural selection
Function
19. ____________ organs are formed on the same basic plan though they may be modified variously to perform different functions. They must have a common ancestral structure which gave rise to different modifications.
Species
Genetic drift
Chance
Homologous
20. _______________ is that branch of biology dealing with the identification and naming of organisms.
Chordata
Taxonomy
Polymorphism
Interspecific
21. At some time in their life cycle - chordates have a pair of lateral gill slits or pouches used to obtain __________ in a liquid environment.
Oxygen
Cold
Environment
Interspecific
22. The highest category in the Linnaean system of classification is the __________. At this level - organisms are distinguished on the basis of cellular organization and methods of nutrition.
Kingdom
Punctuated
Baseline
Species
23. The Regional ___________ Hypothesis suggests that regional populations of H. erectus evolved into H. sapiens through interbreeding between the various populations.
Comparative anatomy.
Extinction
Continuity
Macroscopic.
24. Darwin reported that all organisms tend to _____________ in a geometric ratio provided there are no environmental checks. Even slow breeding animals like the elephant may theoretically give rise to 19 million descendants in a period of 750 years.
Intraspecific
Differential
Somatic
Increase
25. The _______-_________ Law states that an equilibrium of allele frequencies in a gene pool remains in effect in each succeeding generation of a sexually reproducing population if five conditions are met.
Differential
Hardy-Weinberg
Natural selection
Function
26. A Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium provides a ___________ by which to judge whether evolution has occurred.
Phylum
Mimicry
Sexually
Baseline
27. When carriers have advantages that allow a detrimental allele to persist in a population - ______________ polymorphism is at work.
Somatic
Balanced
Interbreed
Increase
28. ______________ struggle is the struggle of organisms against the physical environment.
Beneficial
Phylum
Environmental
Mass
29. There are certain animals with intermediate characters between two major groups of animals. They are called ___________ _____.
Africa
Intraspecific
Change
Connecting links
30. Such a dual level designation is referred to as a _________ nomenclature.
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Allopatric
Binomial
Differential
31. The most recent mass extinction - the K-T extinction at the end of the Cretaceous period - is best known for having wiped out the __________ .
Natural selection
Allele
Dinosaurs
Out-of-Africa
32. Homology is also seen in the structure of eye - brain - joint appendages of arthropods - etc. It is thus evidence for ____________.
Baseline
Mutations
Chordata
Evolution
33. ___________ is a specific explanation of similarity of form seen in the biological world. In genetics - it is used in reference to protein or DNA sequences - meaning that the given sequences share ancestry.
Seven
Genetic drift
Homology
Macroscopic.
34. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of the same species.
Homo erectus
Bipedal
Comparative anatomy.
Intraspecific
35. _________ ______ disease causes anemia - joint pain - a swollen spleen - and frequent - severe infections. It illustrates balanced polymorphism because carriers are resistant to malaria - an infection by the parasite that causes cycles of chills and
Sickle Cell
Hunter-gatherer
Dinosaurs
Comparative anatomy.
36. Homology has to be distinguished from ___________; for instance - the wings of insects and the wings of birds are analogous but not homologous.
Analogy
Continuity
Polymorphism
Hardy-Weinberg
37. Any change of _________ frequencies in a gene pool indicates that evolution has occurred. The Hardy-Weinberg law proposes that those factors that violate the conditions listed - cause evolution.
Microevolution
Continuity
Oxygen
Allele
38. The Neolithic transition - about 10 -000 years ago - involved the change from __________-__________ societies to agricultural ones based on cultivation of plants and domesticated animals.
Mass
Evolution
Hunter-gatherer
Phylogenetic
39. The ______-____-______ Hypothesis proposes that some Homo erectus remained in Africa and continued to evolve into Homo sapiens - and left Africa about 100 -000-200 -000 years ago. From a single source - Homo sapiens replaced all populations of Homo e
Increase
Polymorphism
Evolved
Out-of-Africa
40. Members of the phylum _____________ have soft - unsegmented bodies that are usually - but not always - enclosed in hard shells.
Microevolution
Environment
Mollusca
Adaptive radiation
41. As populations diverge - they form similar but related species. When are two populations new species? When populations no longer _____________ they are thought to be separate species.
Africa
Interbreed
Kingdom
Sickle Cell
42. Charles Darwin published a book The Origin of Species in the year 1859. He proposed that the new species came about by a process called ___________ __________.
Intraspecific
Allele
Intraspecific
Natural selection
43. About 1.8 million years ago - early Homo gave rise to _______ ________ - the species thought to have been ancestral to our own.
Natural selection
Homo erectus
Phylogenetic
Function
44. Because organisms are continually tested by their changing ______________ - their forms change to suit new conditions.
Environment
Mutations
Allopatric
Adaptive radiation
45. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of different species.
Intraspecific
Interbreed
Homology
Interspecific
46. For humans - the complete classification is: Kingdom (Animalia); Phylum (__________); Class (Mammalia); Order (Primates); Family (Hominidae); Genus (Homo); Species (Sapiens).
Genetic
Chordata
Balanced
Hardy-Weinberg
47. The only kingdom which consists of prokaryotes is the __________ kingdom.
Code
Hardy-Weinberg
Monera
Beneficial
48. In species which reproduce _____________ - extinction of a species is generally inevitable when there is only one individual of that species left - or only individuals of a single sex.
Sexually
33 phyla
Intraspecific
Neanderthals
49. The early stages of development of the ___________ of fish - salamander - tortoise - hen and man show remarkable similarity.
Homologous
Embryos
Mimicry
Fungi
50. An allele may increase - or decrease - in frequency simply through ___________. Not every member of the population will become a parent and not every set of parents will produce the same number of offspring.
Baseline
Chance
Taxonomy
Sympatric