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CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution

Subjects : clep, science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. _____________ can occur randomly - from radiation damage (impact with high energy g-rays or cosmic rays) - from exposure to chemical agents called mutagens - or simply by error in the DNA replication process.






2. _____________ is the accumulation of small changes in a gene pool over a relatively short period.






3. If a population began with a few individuals - one or more of whom carried a particular allele - that allele may come to be represented in many of the descendants. This is known as ____________.






4. The ______-____-______ Hypothesis proposes that some Homo erectus remained in Africa and continued to evolve into Homo sapiens - and left Africa about 100 -000-200 -000 years ago. From a single source - Homo sapiens replaced all populations of Homo e






5. All organisms are placed into one of five kingdoms: Monera - Protista - ________ - Plantae - Animalia.






6. __________ are the remains of organisms that lived in the past.






7. When Charles Darwin was in the Galapagos islands - one of the first things he noticed is the variety of ___________ that existed on each of the islands.






8. The mutation may be harmful (resulting in a reduced probability of survival for the organism involved) - ____________ (it might also do its intended job better) or merely neutral (no effect at all).






9. There are at least ___________ of animals. Humans are members of the phylum Chordata.






10. A Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium provides a ___________ by which to judge whether evolution has occurred.






11. _________ evidence shows that the horse has undergone considerable evolutionary change over a period of 60 million years.






12. As the finch population began to flourish in these advantageous conditions - ______________ competition became a factor - and resources on the islands were squeezed and could not sustain the population of the finches for long.






13. Any change of _________ frequencies in a gene pool indicates that evolution has occurred. The Hardy-Weinberg law proposes that those factors that violate the conditions listed - cause evolution.






14. In general if two genes have an almost identical DNA sequence - it is likely that they are ____________.






15. Members of the phylum _____________ have soft - unsegmented bodies that are usually - but not always - enclosed in hard shells.






16. Homology was defined by Darwin as similarity of structure and position - and distinguished from 'analogy -' which was defined as similarity of _____________ but not necessarily of structure and position.






17. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of different species.






18. Almost all _________ organisms are either plants or animals.






19. Speciation by ____________ Equilibrium involves a group of creatures which gets isolated from the rest of their species.






20. Biodiversity crashes during ________ extinctions. This has been a powerful force in evolution - wiping the slate clean of up to 96% of all species - and providing the survivors with a world full of opportunities into which they can diversify.






21. About 1.8 million years ago - early Homo gave rise to _______ ________ - the species thought to have been ancestral to our own.






22. Mammals developed from primitive mammal-like reptiles during the __________ Period - some 200-245 million years ago.






23. Primates evolved about approximately 30 million years ago in ___________. One branch of primates evolved into the Old and New World Monkeys - the other into the hominoids (the line of descent common to both apes and man).






24. Charles Darwin published a book The Origin of Species in the year 1859. He proposed that the new species came about by a process called ___________ __________.






25. _________ ______ disease causes anemia - joint pain - a swollen spleen - and frequent - severe infections. It illustrates balanced polymorphism because carriers are resistant to malaria - an infection by the parasite that causes cycles of chills and






26. ______________ struggle is the struggle of organisms against the physical environment.






27. Prior to the scientific discoveries of the past 200 years - _____________ from the Book Of Genesis described how living things came into being.






28. The study of ____________ ____________ supports the claim of a common origin of organisms.






29. Most anthropologists agree that the ______ _______ was populated by a series of three migrations over the temporary land connection between Asia and North America.






30. Except for the tail fins - whales greatly resemble fish in outline - but are instead descended from four-legged land ___________.






31. The ____________ mammals occupy Australia - and differ from placental mammals because they bear their young inside a pouch (instead of a placenta).






32. Humans are ____________ - meaning we walk on two of our limbs. The amount of melanin in our skin is representative of the environment we live in - i.e. dark skinned people occupy hotter climates.






33. The early stages of development of the ___________ of fish - salamander - tortoise - hen and man show remarkable similarity.






34. Populations begin to diverge when gene flow between them is restricted. Geographic isolation is often the first step in ____________ speciation.






35. An important step toward the modern theory of evolution came in the 1760's - when Count George-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1707-1788) published his Natural History of Animals with the idea that species __________ over time.






36. The Regional ___________ Hypothesis suggests that regional populations of H. erectus evolved into H. sapiens through interbreeding between the various populations.






37. ____________ reproduction - whether reproduction proceeds with lesser or greater success - is central to the process of natural selection; it determines whether a given mutation becomes established in the general population.






38. The Neolithic transition - about 10 -000 years ago - involved the change from __________-__________ societies to agricultural ones based on cultivation of plants and domesticated animals.






39. In a genetic drift the entire population may become homozygous for the allele or - equally likely - the allele may disappear. Before either of these fates occurs - the allele represents a Polymorphism. This is a case of polymorphism through...






40. ___________ is a specific explanation of similarity of form seen in the biological world. In genetics - it is used in reference to protein or DNA sequences - meaning that the given sequences share ancestry.






41. The Linnaean system uses two Latin name categories - ________ and species - to designate each type of organism.






42. Darwin's Finches illustrated ___________ ____________. This is where species all deriving from a common ancestor have over time successfully adapted to their environment via natural selection.






43. _______________ is that branch of biology dealing with the identification and naming of organisms.






44. A comparative study of physiology and biochemistry also supports the common origin for different organisms. The _____________ of all organisms cells is more or less same in composition.






45. A ____________ tree is a graphical means to depict the evolutionary relationships of a group of organisms.






46. According to Darwin - in spite of the high reproductive potential - the number of individuals in a species remains relatively constant - suggesting _____________ for existence.






47. In the 1680s Ariaantje and Gerrit Jansz emigrated from Holland to South Africa - one of them bringing along an allele for the mild metabolic disease porphyria. Today more than 30000 South Africans carry this allele and - in every case examined - can






48. Homo erectus was the first hominid to use ___________ - and have social structures for food gathering.






49. Some important structural changes during the evolution of horse are: Increase in size from 11' (Eohippus) to about 60' (Equus) - and ___________ of the head and neck so as that it can reach the ground.






50. ___________ evolution is an evolutionary process in which organisms not closely related independently acquire some characteristic or characteristics in common.