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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution
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Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. As populations diverge - they form similar but related species. When are two populations new species? When populations no longer _____________ they are thought to be separate species.
Allele
Interbreed
Phylogenetic
Finches
2. Linnaeus placed all monkeys and apes along with humans into the order _________
Evolved
Phylum
Analogy
Primates
3. The Linnaean system uses two Latin name categories - ________ and species - to designate each type of organism.
Evolution
Genus
Mass
Interspecific
4. Biodiversity crashes during ________ extinctions. This has been a powerful force in evolution - wiping the slate clean of up to 96% of all species - and providing the survivors with a world full of opportunities into which they can diversify.
Comparative anatomy.
Mass
Convergent
Macroscopic.
5. The ____________ mammals occupy Australia - and differ from placental mammals because they bear their young inside a pouch (instead of a placenta).
Genetic drift
Mammals.
Microevolution
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
6. _________ evidence shows that the horse has undergone considerable evolutionary change over a period of 60 million years.
Dinosaurs
Baseline
Natural selection
Fossil
7. _______________ is that branch of biology dealing with the identification and naming of organisms.
Increase
Protista
Dinosaurs
Taxonomy
8. In species which reproduce _____________ - extinction of a species is generally inevitable when there is only one individual of that species left - or only individuals of a single sex.
Sexually
Balanced
Phylum
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
9. There are certain animals with intermediate characters between two major groups of animals. They are called ___________ _____.
Connecting links
Hunter-gatherer
Fossil
Embryos
10. A ___________ can be defined as one or more populations of interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated in nature from all other organisms.
Species
Differential
Intraspecific
Code
11. At some time in their life cycle - chordates have a pair of lateral gill slits or pouches used to obtain __________ in a liquid environment.
Adaptive radiation
Oxygen
Natural selection
Species
12. An allele may increase - or decrease - in frequency simply through ___________. Not every member of the population will become a parent and not every set of parents will produce the same number of offspring.
Chance
Dinosaurs
Punctuated
Primates
13. Organisms struggle for existence. Organisms with advantageous characters survive - while those which lack such variations perish. The advantageous characters are passed on to the offsprings generation after generation and the organisms become better
Evolved
Analogy
Homo erectus
Natural selection
14. ___________ is a specific explanation of similarity of form seen in the biological world. In genetics - it is used in reference to protein or DNA sequences - meaning that the given sequences share ancestry.
Fossil
Homology
Homo
Continuity
15. Most anthropologists agree that the ______ _______ was populated by a series of three migrations over the temporary land connection between Asia and North America.
Embryos
Adaptive radiation
New World
Taxonomy
16. The mutation may be harmful (resulting in a reduced probability of survival for the organism involved) - ____________ (it might also do its intended job better) or merely neutral (no effect at all).
Creationism
Natural selection
Beneficial
Finches
17. Any change of _________ frequencies in a gene pool indicates that evolution has occurred. The Hardy-Weinberg law proposes that those factors that violate the conditions listed - cause evolution.
Allele
Adaptive radiation
Seven
Out-of-Africa
18. Insect ____________ is also an example of convergent evolution - as for example when an edible (palatable) butterfly develops a color pattern similar to a relatively unrelated inedible (unpalatable) butterfly - and by so doing escapes being eaten.
Microevolution
Seven
Mammals.
Mimicry
19. Primates evolved about approximately 30 million years ago in ___________. One branch of primates evolved into the Old and New World Monkeys - the other into the hominoids (the line of descent common to both apes and man).
Finches
Neanderthals
Natural selection
Africa
20. ____________ organs are formed on the same basic plan though they may be modified variously to perform different functions. They must have a common ancestral structure which gave rise to different modifications.
Homologous
Triassic
Chance
Fungi
21. At the molecular level - life's ability to reproduce begins with the replication of ____________ - during which two new spirals are created that are exact replicas of the original molecule.
DNA
Embryos
Genetic
Mimicry
22. The Regional ___________ Hypothesis suggests that regional populations of H. erectus evolved into H. sapiens through interbreeding between the various populations.
Analogy
Natural selection
Continuity
Interbreed
23. Extinctions - mostly at the level of species - have been occurring constantly at a low 'background rate' - usually matched by the rate at which new species appear - with the result that ____________ is constantly increasing.
Biodiversity
Interspecific
Extinction
Founder.
24. The _______-_________ Law states that an equilibrium of allele frequencies in a gene pool remains in effect in each succeeding generation of a sexually reproducing population if five conditions are met.
Microevolution
Triassic
Hardy-Weinberg
Punctuated
25. In a genetic drift the entire population may become homozygous for the allele or - equally likely - the allele may disappear. Before either of these fates occurs - the allele represents a Polymorphism. This is a case of polymorphism through...
Genetic drift
Sexually
Out-of-Africa
Intraspecific
26. Homology has to be distinguished from ___________; for instance - the wings of insects and the wings of birds are analogous but not homologous.
Embryos
Analogy
Dinosaurs
Mimicry
27. In general if two genes have an almost identical DNA sequence - it is likely that they are ____________.
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Seven
Homologous
Fungi
28. When carriers have advantages that allow a detrimental allele to persist in a population - ______________ polymorphism is at work.
Extinction
Polymorphism
Differential
Balanced
29. Humans who have produced offspring that successfully live in a ________ environment tend to be broader and smaller in stature while hotter environments are occupied by thinner taller humans.
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Cold
Mammals.
Intraspecific
30. Darwin's Finches illustrated ___________ ____________. This is where species all deriving from a common ancestor have over time successfully adapted to their environment via natural selection.
Intraspecific
Adaptive radiation
Monera
Homo erectus
31. Mammals developed from primitive mammal-like reptiles during the __________ Period - some 200-245 million years ago.
Kingdom
Connecting links
Homologous
Triassic
32. If a population began with a few individuals - one or more of whom carried a particular allele - that allele may come to be represented in many of the descendants. This is known as ____________.
Species
Polymorphism
Somatic
Sickle Cell
33. _____________ can occur randomly - from radiation damage (impact with high energy g-rays or cosmic rays) - from exposure to chemical agents called mutagens - or simply by error in the DNA replication process.
Bipedal
Phylum
Sympatric
Mutations
34. The study of ____________ ____________ supports the claim of a common origin of organisms.
Oxygen
Comparative anatomy.
Seven
Elongation
35. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of different species.
Interspecific
Dinosaurs
Homo erectus
Mass
36. A comparative study of physiology and biochemistry also supports the common origin for different organisms. The _____________ of all organisms cells is more or less same in composition.
Fire
Evolution
Protista
Protoplasm
37. Darwin reported that all organisms tend to _____________ in a geometric ratio provided there are no environmental checks. Even slow breeding animals like the elephant may theoretically give rise to 19 million descendants in a period of 750 years.
Code
Fossil
Homo erectus
Increase
38. As the finch population began to flourish in these advantageous conditions - ______________ competition became a factor - and resources on the islands were squeezed and could not sustain the population of the finches for long.
Change
Protista
Neanderthals
Intraspecific
39. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of the same species.
Interspecific
Struggle
Fossil
Intraspecific
40. A ____________ tree is a graphical means to depict the evolutionary relationships of a group of organisms.
Phylogenetic
Baseline
Phylum
Protista
41. __________ are the remains of organisms that lived in the past.
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Increase
Phylogenetic
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
42. In the 1680s Ariaantje and Gerrit Jansz emigrated from Holland to South Africa - one of them bringing along an allele for the mild metabolic disease porphyria. Today more than 30000 South Africans carry this allele and - in every case examined - can
Founder.
Extinction
Mammals.
Change
43. Except for the tail fins - whales greatly resemble fish in outline - but are instead descended from four-legged land ___________.
Beneficial
Mammals.
Biodiversity
Oxygen
44. Almost all living organisms use the same basic biochemical molecules - including DNA - ATP - and many identical or nearly identical enzymes. Organisms utilize the same DNA triplet base _________ and the same 20 amino acids in their proteins
Code
Interbreed
Homologous
Embryos
45. Scientific classification sorts living organisms by _________ levels of classification - kingdom; phylum; class; order; family; genus; and species.
Mutations
Seven
Sickle Cell
Dinosaurs
46. All organisms are placed into one of five kingdoms: Monera - Protista - ________ - Plantae - Animalia.
Baseline
Continuity
Fungi
Evolution
47. The most recent mass extinction - the K-T extinction at the end of the Cretaceous period - is best known for having wiped out the __________ .
Natural selection
Dinosaurs
Connecting links
Allopatric
48. The ______-____-______ Hypothesis proposes that some Homo erectus remained in Africa and continued to evolve into Homo sapiens - and left Africa about 100 -000-200 -000 years ago. From a single source - Homo sapiens replaced all populations of Homo e
Protista
Out-of-Africa
Evolution
Punctuated
49. _____________ is the end of a particular evolutionary line - the end of a species - a family - or a larger group of organisms.
Evolved
Microevolution
Phylogenetic
Extinction
50. There are at least ___________ of animals. Humans are members of the phylum Chordata.
33 phyla
Macroscopic.
Protista
Taxonomy