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CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution

Subjects : clep, science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. If a population began with a few individuals - one or more of whom carried a particular allele - that allele may come to be represented in many of the descendants. This is known as ____________.






2. Any change of _________ frequencies in a gene pool indicates that evolution has occurred. The Hardy-Weinberg law proposes that those factors that violate the conditions listed - cause evolution.






3. Linnaeus placed all monkeys and apes along with humans into the order _________






4. Homology was defined by Darwin as similarity of structure and position - and distinguished from 'analogy -' which was defined as similarity of _____________ but not necessarily of structure and position.






5. According to Darwin - in spite of the high reproductive potential - the number of individuals in a species remains relatively constant - suggesting _____________ for existence.






6. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck (1744-1829) developed one of the first theories on how species changed. Lamarck - in 1809 - concluded that organisms of higher complexity had __________ from preexisting - less complex organisms.






7. ____________ reproduction - whether reproduction proceeds with lesser or greater success - is central to the process of natural selection; it determines whether a given mutation becomes established in the general population.






8. As the finch population began to flourish in these advantageous conditions - ______________ competition became a factor - and resources on the islands were squeezed and could not sustain the population of the finches for long.






9. Prior to the scientific discoveries of the past 200 years - _____________ from the Book Of Genesis described how living things came into being.






10. _____________ is the accumulation of small changes in a gene pool over a relatively short period.






11. The Linnaean system uses two Latin name categories - ________ and species - to designate each type of organism.






12. Animals and plants show variations in physical structure. Some of these variations are simply caused by external conditions (environmental) - such as accidents - temperature - food abundance - etc.. ___________ variations have no effect on evolution






13. ___________ is a specific explanation of similarity of form seen in the biological world. In genetics - it is used in reference to protein or DNA sequences - meaning that the given sequences share ancestry.






14. Humans who have produced offspring that successfully live in a ________ environment tend to be broader and smaller in stature while hotter environments are occupied by thinner taller humans.






15. Because organisms are continually tested by their changing ______________ - their forms change to suit new conditions.






16. Almost all _________ organisms are either plants or animals.






17. The ____________ mammals occupy Australia - and differ from placental mammals because they bear their young inside a pouch (instead of a placenta).






18. There are at least ___________ of animals. Humans are members of the phylum Chordata.






19. In general if two genes have an almost identical DNA sequence - it is likely that they are ____________.






20. At some time in their life cycle - chordates have a pair of lateral gill slits or pouches used to obtain __________ in a liquid environment.






21. A ____________ tree is a graphical means to depict the evolutionary relationships of a group of organisms.






22. Homo erectus was the first hominid to use ___________ - and have social structures for food gathering.






23. Darwin reported that all organisms tend to _____________ in a geometric ratio provided there are no environmental checks. Even slow breeding animals like the elephant may theoretically give rise to 19 million descendants in a period of 750 years.






24. Insect ____________ is also an example of convergent evolution - as for example when an edible (palatable) butterfly develops a color pattern similar to a relatively unrelated inedible (unpalatable) butterfly - and by so doing escapes being eaten.






25. A Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium provides a ___________ by which to judge whether evolution has occurred.






26. An allele may increase - or decrease - in frequency simply through ___________. Not every member of the population will become a parent and not every set of parents will produce the same number of offspring.






27. Members of the phylum _____________ have soft - unsegmented bodies that are usually - but not always - enclosed in hard shells.






28. The mutation may be harmful (resulting in a reduced probability of survival for the organism involved) - ____________ (it might also do its intended job better) or merely neutral (no effect at all).






29. Homology has to be distinguished from ___________; for instance - the wings of insects and the wings of birds are analogous but not homologous.






30. Differential reproduction allows one species to gradually evolve into a new species. This is the process of ____________.






31. At the molecular level - life's ability to reproduce begins with the replication of ____________ - during which two new spirals are created that are exact replicas of the original molecule.






32. All organisms are placed into one of five kingdoms: Monera - Protista - ________ - Plantae - Animalia.






33. For humans - the complete classification is: Kingdom (Animalia); Phylum (__________); Class (Mammalia); Order (Primates); Family (Hominidae); Genus (Homo); Species (Sapiens).






34. Mammals developed from primitive mammal-like reptiles during the __________ Period - some 200-245 million years ago.






35. The most recent mass extinction - the K-T extinction at the end of the Cretaceous period - is best known for having wiped out the __________ .






36. _________ ______ disease causes anemia - joint pain - a swollen spleen - and frequent - severe infections. It illustrates balanced polymorphism because carriers are resistant to malaria - an infection by the parasite that causes cycles of chills and






37. _____________ is the end of a particular evolutionary line - the end of a species - a family - or a larger group of organisms.






38. Extinctions - mostly at the level of species - have been occurring constantly at a low 'background rate' - usually matched by the rate at which new species appear - with the result that ____________ is constantly increasing.






39. ____________ organs are formed on the same basic plan though they may be modified variously to perform different functions. They must have a common ancestral structure which gave rise to different modifications.






40. Populations begin to diverge when gene flow between them is restricted. Geographic isolation is often the first step in ____________ speciation.






41. The only kingdom which consists of prokaryotes is the __________ kingdom.






42. The highest category in the Linnaean system of classification is the __________. At this level - organisms are distinguished on the basis of cellular organization and methods of nutrition.






43. Such a dual level designation is referred to as a _________ nomenclature.






44. When carriers have advantages that allow a detrimental allele to persist in a population - ______________ polymorphism is at work.






45. _____________ can occur randomly - from radiation damage (impact with high energy g-rays or cosmic rays) - from exposure to chemical agents called mutagens - or simply by error in the DNA replication process.






46. Speciation by ____________ Equilibrium involves a group of creatures which gets isolated from the rest of their species.






47. The ______-____-______ Hypothesis proposes that some Homo erectus remained in Africa and continued to evolve into Homo sapiens - and left Africa about 100 -000-200 -000 years ago. From a single source - Homo sapiens replaced all populations of Homo e






48. About 1.8 million years ago - early Homo gave rise to _______ ________ - the species thought to have been ancestral to our own.






49. ___________ evolution is an evolutionary process in which organisms not closely related independently acquire some characteristic or characteristics in common.






50. A comparative study of physiology and biochemistry also supports the common origin for different organisms. The _____________ of all organisms cells is more or less same in composition.