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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution
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Subjects
:
clep
,
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Because organisms are continually tested by their changing ______________ - their forms change to suit new conditions.
Environment
New World
Seven
Fire
2. The mutation may be harmful (resulting in a reduced probability of survival for the organism involved) - ____________ (it might also do its intended job better) or merely neutral (no effect at all).
Beneficial
Elongation
Genetic
Finches
3. Immediately below kingdom is the _________ level of classification. At this level - animals are grouped together based on similarities in basic body plan or organization.
Phylum
Mammals.
Genus
Kingdom
4. Biodiversity crashes during ________ extinctions. This has been a powerful force in evolution - wiping the slate clean of up to 96% of all species - and providing the survivors with a world full of opportunities into which they can diversify.
Mollusca
Protista
Mass
Mammals.
5. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck (1744-1829) developed one of the first theories on how species changed. Lamarck - in 1809 - concluded that organisms of higher complexity had __________ from preexisting - less complex organisms.
Balanced
Increase
Evolved
Mollusca
6. Animals and plants show variations in physical structure. Some of these variations are simply caused by external conditions (environmental) - such as accidents - temperature - food abundance - etc.. ___________ variations have no effect on evolution
Beneficial
Connecting links
Somatic
Fossil
7. Heritable variations are called _____________ variations. Such variations arising from changes in DNA are passed on within families and to the offspring from the parents.
Genetic
Homo
Binomial
Elongation
8. An important step toward the modern theory of evolution came in the 1760's - when Count George-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1707-1788) published his Natural History of Animals with the idea that species __________ over time.
Dinosaurs
Environmental
Comparative anatomy.
Change
9. Darwin's Finches illustrated ___________ ____________. This is where species all deriving from a common ancestor have over time successfully adapted to their environment via natural selection.
Connecting links
Fossil
Adaptive radiation
Beneficial
10. About 2 million years ago - two groups developed: the australopithecines - generally smaller brained and not users of tools; and the line that led to genus _________ - larger brained and makers and users of tools.
Mimicry
Africa
Homo
Comparative anatomy.
11. Extinctions - mostly at the level of species - have been occurring constantly at a low 'background rate' - usually matched by the rate at which new species appear - with the result that ____________ is constantly increasing.
Biodiversity
Continuity
Out-of-Africa
Interspecific
12. Linnaeus placed all monkeys and apes along with humans into the order _________
Evolution
Genus
Primates
Homologous
13. ___________ evolution is an evolutionary process in which organisms not closely related independently acquire some characteristic or characteristics in common.
Intraspecific
Sickle Cell
Convergent
Protista
14. Homology is also seen in the structure of eye - brain - joint appendages of arthropods - etc. It is thus evidence for ____________.
Struggle
Evolution
Dinosaurs
Seven
15. A comparative study of physiology and biochemistry also supports the common origin for different organisms. The _____________ of all organisms cells is more or less same in composition.
Protoplasm
Somatic
Connecting links
DNA
16. Speciation by ____________ Equilibrium involves a group of creatures which gets isolated from the rest of their species.
Dinosaurs
Genetic
Differential
Punctuated
17. Some important structural changes during the evolution of horse are: Increase in size from 11' (Eohippus) to about 60' (Equus) - and ___________ of the head and neck so as that it can reach the ground.
Connecting links
Mimicry
Elongation
DNA
18. In a genetic drift the entire population may become homozygous for the allele or - equally likely - the allele may disappear. Before either of these fates occurs - the allele represents a Polymorphism. This is a case of polymorphism through...
Species
Interbreed
Genetic drift
Increase
19. Homology has to be distinguished from ___________; for instance - the wings of insects and the wings of birds are analogous but not homologous.
Connecting links
Analogy
Homology
Oxygen
20. When Charles Darwin was in the Galapagos islands - one of the first things he noticed is the variety of ___________ that existed on each of the islands.
Macroscopic.
Homo erectus
Dinosaurs
Finches
21. In the 1680s Ariaantje and Gerrit Jansz emigrated from Holland to South Africa - one of them bringing along an allele for the mild metabolic disease porphyria. Today more than 30000 South Africans carry this allele and - in every case examined - can
Sexually
Creationism
Founder.
Polymorphism
22. Organisms struggle for existence. Organisms with advantageous characters survive - while those which lack such variations perish. The advantageous characters are passed on to the offsprings generation after generation and the organisms become better
Mollusca
Struggle
Fossil
Natural selection
23. All organisms are placed into one of five kingdoms: Monera - Protista - ________ - Plantae - Animalia.
Microevolution
Mammals.
Intraspecific
Fungi
24. Darwin reported that all organisms tend to _____________ in a geometric ratio provided there are no environmental checks. Even slow breeding animals like the elephant may theoretically give rise to 19 million descendants in a period of 750 years.
Genus
Taxonomy
Increase
Somatic
25. At the molecular level - life's ability to reproduce begins with the replication of ____________ - during which two new spirals are created that are exact replicas of the original molecule.
Fossil
DNA
Evolved
New World
26. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of different species.
Triassic
Microevolution
Homologous
Interspecific
27. __________ are the remains of organisms that lived in the past.
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Baseline
Natural selection
Balanced
28. The _______-_________ Law states that an equilibrium of allele frequencies in a gene pool remains in effect in each succeeding generation of a sexually reproducing population if five conditions are met.
Hardy-Weinberg
Sympatric
Macroscopic.
Adaptive radiation
29. The ______-____-______ Hypothesis proposes that some Homo erectus remained in Africa and continued to evolve into Homo sapiens - and left Africa about 100 -000-200 -000 years ago. From a single source - Homo sapiens replaced all populations of Homo e
Baseline
Dinosaurs
Out-of-Africa
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
30. The Regional ___________ Hypothesis suggests that regional populations of H. erectus evolved into H. sapiens through interbreeding between the various populations.
Comparative anatomy.
Continuity
Embryos
Mass
31. Members of the phylum _____________ have soft - unsegmented bodies that are usually - but not always - enclosed in hard shells.
Mollusca
Environment
Evolved
Mammals.
32. As populations diverge - they form similar but related species. When are two populations new species? When populations no longer _____________ they are thought to be separate species.
Polymorphism
Interbreed
Increase
Creationism
33. Homology was defined by Darwin as similarity of structure and position - and distinguished from 'analogy -' which was defined as similarity of _____________ but not necessarily of structure and position.
Cold
Function
Natural selection
Increase
34. An allele may increase - or decrease - in frequency simply through ___________. Not every member of the population will become a parent and not every set of parents will produce the same number of offspring.
Protoplasm
Environment
Chance
Convergent
35. ___________ speciation happens when members of a population develop some genetic difference that prevents them from reproducing with the parent type.
Triassic
Genetic
Species
Sympatric
36. A ____________ tree is a graphical means to depict the evolutionary relationships of a group of organisms.
Phylogenetic
Homo
Africa
Interspecific
37. A ___________ can be defined as one or more populations of interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated in nature from all other organisms.
Species
Homo erectus
Punctuated
Biodiversity
38. Almost all living organisms use the same basic biochemical molecules - including DNA - ATP - and many identical or nearly identical enzymes. Organisms utilize the same DNA triplet base _________ and the same 20 amino acids in their proteins
Embryos
Seven
Code
Fire
39. Such a dual level designation is referred to as a _________ nomenclature.
Mimicry
Adaptive radiation
Binomial
Genus
40. The __________ kingdom consists of one-celled organisms as well - but differs from the Monera kingdom in that it consists of eukaryotes.
Monera
Founder.
Protista
Genetic drift
41. Scientific classification sorts living organisms by _________ levels of classification - kingdom; phylum; class; order; family; genus; and species.
Out-of-Africa
Seven
Africa
Fire
42. Homo erectus was the first hominid to use ___________ - and have social structures for food gathering.
Fire
Struggle
Continuity
Allele
43. Most anthropologists agree that the ______ _______ was populated by a series of three migrations over the temporary land connection between Asia and North America.
New World
Biodiversity
Phylogenetic
Homo erectus
44. ___________ is a specific explanation of similarity of form seen in the biological world. In genetics - it is used in reference to protein or DNA sequences - meaning that the given sequences share ancestry.
Out-of-Africa
Species
Genetic drift
Homology
45. Prior to the scientific discoveries of the past 200 years - _____________ from the Book Of Genesis described how living things came into being.
Creationism
Mass
Natural selection
Mammals.
46. _____________ is the accumulation of small changes in a gene pool over a relatively short period.
Founder.
Extinction
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Microevolution
47. The ____________ mammals occupy Australia - and differ from placental mammals because they bear their young inside a pouch (instead of a placenta).
Mass
Analogy
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Differential
48. Humans who have produced offspring that successfully live in a ________ environment tend to be broader and smaller in stature while hotter environments are occupied by thinner taller humans.
Cold
Genetic
Intraspecific
Elongation
49. Primates evolved about approximately 30 million years ago in ___________. One branch of primates evolved into the Old and New World Monkeys - the other into the hominoids (the line of descent common to both apes and man).
Homo
Africa
Monera
Differential
50. Almost all _________ organisms are either plants or animals.
Macroscopic.
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Hunter-gatherer
Allopatric