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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution
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Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. _______________ is that branch of biology dealing with the identification and naming of organisms.
Taxonomy
Convergent
Sickle Cell
Continuity
2. Scientific classification sorts living organisms by _________ levels of classification - kingdom; phylum; class; order; family; genus; and species.
Seven
Neanderthals
Finches
Protista
3. Humans who have produced offspring that successfully live in a ________ environment tend to be broader and smaller in stature while hotter environments are occupied by thinner taller humans.
Beneficial
Evolution
Mass
Cold
4. _____________ is the end of a particular evolutionary line - the end of a species - a family - or a larger group of organisms.
Taxonomy
Extinction
Fire
Seven
5. A Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium provides a ___________ by which to judge whether evolution has occurred.
Monera
Evolution
Baseline
Homo erectus
6. Homology was defined by Darwin as similarity of structure and position - and distinguished from 'analogy -' which was defined as similarity of _____________ but not necessarily of structure and position.
Fungi
Evolution
Function
Hardy-Weinberg
7. When carriers have advantages that allow a detrimental allele to persist in a population - ______________ polymorphism is at work.
Chance
Balanced
Fossil
Somatic
8. Despite their image as brutish simpletons - _____________were the first humans to bury their dead with artifacts - indicating abstract thought - perhaps a belief in an after-life.
New World
Hunter-gatherer
Chordata
Neanderthals
9. Darwin reported that all organisms tend to _____________ in a geometric ratio provided there are no environmental checks. Even slow breeding animals like the elephant may theoretically give rise to 19 million descendants in a period of 750 years.
Increase
Sickle Cell
Balanced
Mass
10. Animals and plants show variations in physical structure. Some of these variations are simply caused by external conditions (environmental) - such as accidents - temperature - food abundance - etc.. ___________ variations have no effect on evolution
Somatic
Protoplasm
Elongation
Taxonomy
11. ______________ struggle is the struggle of organisms against the physical environment.
Mollusca
Environmental
Triassic
Intraspecific
12. The Neolithic transition - about 10 -000 years ago - involved the change from __________-__________ societies to agricultural ones based on cultivation of plants and domesticated animals.
Fungi
Hunter-gatherer
Sympatric
Interbreed
13. Some important structural changes during the evolution of horse are: Increase in size from 11' (Eohippus) to about 60' (Equus) - and ___________ of the head and neck so as that it can reach the ground.
Evolution
Fungi
Elongation
Microevolution
14. Homology has to be distinguished from ___________; for instance - the wings of insects and the wings of birds are analogous but not homologous.
Comparative anatomy.
Somatic
Allopatric
Analogy
15. Humans are ____________ - meaning we walk on two of our limbs. The amount of melanin in our skin is representative of the environment we live in - i.e. dark skinned people occupy hotter climates.
Bipedal
Genetic drift
Chordata
Evolution
16. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of different species.
Interspecific
Africa
Hunter-gatherer
Phylogenetic
17. __________ are the remains of organisms that lived in the past.
Evolved
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Differential
Phylogenetic
18. In a genetic drift the entire population may become homozygous for the allele or - equally likely - the allele may disappear. Before either of these fates occurs - the allele represents a Polymorphism. This is a case of polymorphism through...
Hunter-gatherer
Creationism
Genetic drift
Embryos
19. In the 1680s Ariaantje and Gerrit Jansz emigrated from Holland to South Africa - one of them bringing along an allele for the mild metabolic disease porphyria. Today more than 30000 South Africans carry this allele and - in every case examined - can
Baseline
New World
Founder.
Microevolution
20. Heritable variations are called _____________ variations. Such variations arising from changes in DNA are passed on within families and to the offspring from the parents.
Allopatric
Struggle
Genetic
Oxygen
21. A ___________ can be defined as one or more populations of interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated in nature from all other organisms.
Intraspecific
Species
Evolution
Phylogenetic
22. Except for the tail fins - whales greatly resemble fish in outline - but are instead descended from four-legged land ___________.
Genetic
Struggle
Mammals.
Connecting links
23. The __________ kingdom consists of one-celled organisms as well - but differs from the Monera kingdom in that it consists of eukaryotes.
Protista
New World
Intraspecific
Founder.
24. The _______-_________ Law states that an equilibrium of allele frequencies in a gene pool remains in effect in each succeeding generation of a sexually reproducing population if five conditions are met.
Comparative anatomy.
Hardy-Weinberg
Africa
Sympatric
25. Populations begin to diverge when gene flow between them is restricted. Geographic isolation is often the first step in ____________ speciation.
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Allopatric
Founder.
Punctuated
26. If a population began with a few individuals - one or more of whom carried a particular allele - that allele may come to be represented in many of the descendants. This is known as ____________.
Extinction
Function
Polymorphism
Homology
27. There are at least ___________ of animals. Humans are members of the phylum Chordata.
Evolved
Monera
Homo erectus
33 phyla
28. Almost all _________ organisms are either plants or animals.
Intraspecific
Macroscopic.
Struggle
Sexually
29. ___________ is a specific explanation of similarity of form seen in the biological world. In genetics - it is used in reference to protein or DNA sequences - meaning that the given sequences share ancestry.
Fungi
Neanderthals
Homology
Mammals.
30. Darwin's Finches illustrated ___________ ____________. This is where species all deriving from a common ancestor have over time successfully adapted to their environment via natural selection.
Adaptive radiation
Comparative anatomy.
Protoplasm
Sexually
31. The mutation may be harmful (resulting in a reduced probability of survival for the organism involved) - ____________ (it might also do its intended job better) or merely neutral (no effect at all).
Beneficial
Chordata
Microevolution
Hunter-gatherer
32. Most anthropologists agree that the ______ _______ was populated by a series of three migrations over the temporary land connection between Asia and North America.
Environment
New World
Allele
Mammals.
33. The Regional ___________ Hypothesis suggests that regional populations of H. erectus evolved into H. sapiens through interbreeding between the various populations.
Binomial
Continuity
Protista
Somatic
34. A comparative study of physiology and biochemistry also supports the common origin for different organisms. The _____________ of all organisms cells is more or less same in composition.
Mollusca
Hunter-gatherer
DNA
Protoplasm
35. Such a dual level designation is referred to as a _________ nomenclature.
Binomial
Connecting links
Genetic
Primates
36. The only kingdom which consists of prokaryotes is the __________ kingdom.
Phylogenetic
Out-of-Africa
Sympatric
Monera
37. When Charles Darwin was in the Galapagos islands - one of the first things he noticed is the variety of ___________ that existed on each of the islands.
Homology
Interbreed
Differential
Finches
38. The highest category in the Linnaean system of classification is the __________. At this level - organisms are distinguished on the basis of cellular organization and methods of nutrition.
Natural selection
Kingdom
Biodiversity
Change
39. The Linnaean system uses two Latin name categories - ________ and species - to designate each type of organism.
Chordata
Evolved
Genus
Interspecific
40. In general if two genes have an almost identical DNA sequence - it is likely that they are ____________.
Interspecific
Baseline
Evolution
Homologous
41. Immediately below kingdom is the _________ level of classification. At this level - animals are grouped together based on similarities in basic body plan or organization.
Balanced
Homologous
Phylum
Chance
42. An important step toward the modern theory of evolution came in the 1760's - when Count George-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1707-1788) published his Natural History of Animals with the idea that species __________ over time.
Mollusca
Neanderthals
Fire
Change
43. Mammals developed from primitive mammal-like reptiles during the __________ Period - some 200-245 million years ago.
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Baseline
Triassic
Founder.
44. _____________ is the accumulation of small changes in a gene pool over a relatively short period.
Out-of-Africa
Microevolution
Convergent
Intraspecific
45. As the finch population began to flourish in these advantageous conditions - ______________ competition became a factor - and resources on the islands were squeezed and could not sustain the population of the finches for long.
Fungi
Chordata
Intraspecific
Environment
46. Insect ____________ is also an example of convergent evolution - as for example when an edible (palatable) butterfly develops a color pattern similar to a relatively unrelated inedible (unpalatable) butterfly - and by so doing escapes being eaten.
Oxygen
Primates
Out-of-Africa
Mimicry
47. The ____________ mammals occupy Australia - and differ from placental mammals because they bear their young inside a pouch (instead of a placenta).
DNA
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Environmental
Evolved
48. About 1.8 million years ago - early Homo gave rise to _______ ________ - the species thought to have been ancestral to our own.
Hunter-gatherer
Homo erectus
Increase
Monera
49. According to Darwin - in spite of the high reproductive potential - the number of individuals in a species remains relatively constant - suggesting _____________ for existence.
Extinction
Sexually
Continuity
Struggle
50. As populations diverge - they form similar but related species. When are two populations new species? When populations no longer _____________ they are thought to be separate species.
Interbreed
Comparative anatomy.
Protoplasm
Fire