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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution
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Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In species which reproduce _____________ - extinction of a species is generally inevitable when there is only one individual of that species left - or only individuals of a single sex.
Binomial
Triassic
Fire
Sexually
2. _________ ______ disease causes anemia - joint pain - a swollen spleen - and frequent - severe infections. It illustrates balanced polymorphism because carriers are resistant to malaria - an infection by the parasite that causes cycles of chills and
Evolution
Sickle Cell
Struggle
Code
3. Prior to the scientific discoveries of the past 200 years - _____________ from the Book Of Genesis described how living things came into being.
Extinction
Creationism
Mollusca
Analogy
4. Speciation by ____________ Equilibrium involves a group of creatures which gets isolated from the rest of their species.
Polymorphism
Out-of-Africa
Punctuated
Function
5. A ____________ tree is a graphical means to depict the evolutionary relationships of a group of organisms.
Phylogenetic
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Natural selection
Chance
6. Insect ____________ is also an example of convergent evolution - as for example when an edible (palatable) butterfly develops a color pattern similar to a relatively unrelated inedible (unpalatable) butterfly - and by so doing escapes being eaten.
Oxygen
Natural selection
Mimicry
Neanderthals
7. Heritable variations are called _____________ variations. Such variations arising from changes in DNA are passed on within families and to the offspring from the parents.
Sympatric
Genetic
Chordata
Intraspecific
8. When carriers have advantages that allow a detrimental allele to persist in a population - ______________ polymorphism is at work.
Interspecific
Phylum
Increase
Balanced
9. A comparative study of physiology and biochemistry also supports the common origin for different organisms. The _____________ of all organisms cells is more or less same in composition.
Protoplasm
Allele
Hardy-Weinberg
Continuity
10. ___________ speciation happens when members of a population develop some genetic difference that prevents them from reproducing with the parent type.
Extinction
Homo
Sympatric
Kingdom
11. About 2 million years ago - two groups developed: the australopithecines - generally smaller brained and not users of tools; and the line that led to genus _________ - larger brained and makers and users of tools.
Homo
Phylum
Analogy
Sympatric
12. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck (1744-1829) developed one of the first theories on how species changed. Lamarck - in 1809 - concluded that organisms of higher complexity had __________ from preexisting - less complex organisms.
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Evolved
Creationism
Dinosaurs
13. The most recent mass extinction - the K-T extinction at the end of the Cretaceous period - is best known for having wiped out the __________ .
Change
Binomial
Homology
Dinosaurs
14. Charles Darwin published a book The Origin of Species in the year 1859. He proposed that the new species came about by a process called ___________ __________.
Mass
Natural selection
Phylogenetic
Struggle
15. A Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium provides a ___________ by which to judge whether evolution has occurred.
Homo erectus
New World
Baseline
Kingdom
16. Members of the phylum _____________ have soft - unsegmented bodies that are usually - but not always - enclosed in hard shells.
Mimicry
Founder.
Somatic
Mollusca
17. The Regional ___________ Hypothesis suggests that regional populations of H. erectus evolved into H. sapiens through interbreeding between the various populations.
Continuity
Sexually
Fungi
Increase
18. Some important structural changes during the evolution of horse are: Increase in size from 11' (Eohippus) to about 60' (Equus) - and ___________ of the head and neck so as that it can reach the ground.
Mutations
Finches
Elongation
Mimicry
19. The Neolithic transition - about 10 -000 years ago - involved the change from __________-__________ societies to agricultural ones based on cultivation of plants and domesticated animals.
Finches
Kingdom
Sexually
Hunter-gatherer
20. There are certain animals with intermediate characters between two major groups of animals. They are called ___________ _____.
Neanderthals
Homology
Beneficial
Connecting links
21. About 1.8 million years ago - early Homo gave rise to _______ ________ - the species thought to have been ancestral to our own.
Hunter-gatherer
Homo erectus
Punctuated
Sympatric
22. The _______-_________ Law states that an equilibrium of allele frequencies in a gene pool remains in effect in each succeeding generation of a sexually reproducing population if five conditions are met.
Kingdom
Hardy-Weinberg
Phylum
Fungi
23. ___________ is a specific explanation of similarity of form seen in the biological world. In genetics - it is used in reference to protein or DNA sequences - meaning that the given sequences share ancestry.
Africa
Homology
Increase
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
24. An allele may increase - or decrease - in frequency simply through ___________. Not every member of the population will become a parent and not every set of parents will produce the same number of offspring.
Chance
Seven
Dinosaurs
Environment
25. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of different species.
Hunter-gatherer
Homo
Interspecific
Struggle
26. The Linnaean system uses two Latin name categories - ________ and species - to designate each type of organism.
Homologous
Genus
Embryos
Sympatric
27. Because organisms are continually tested by their changing ______________ - their forms change to suit new conditions.
Environment
Mutations
Microevolution
Creationism
28. ___________ evolution is an evolutionary process in which organisms not closely related independently acquire some characteristic or characteristics in common.
Natural selection
Convergent
Mollusca
Cold
29. Mammals developed from primitive mammal-like reptiles during the __________ Period - some 200-245 million years ago.
Interbreed
Mass
Hardy-Weinberg
Triassic
30. Almost all _________ organisms are either plants or animals.
Phylum
Macroscopic.
Chordata
Biodiversity
31. The mutation may be harmful (resulting in a reduced probability of survival for the organism involved) - ____________ (it might also do its intended job better) or merely neutral (no effect at all).
Connecting links
Extinction
Beneficial
Convergent
32. Scientific classification sorts living organisms by _________ levels of classification - kingdom; phylum; class; order; family; genus; and species.
Function
Intraspecific
Extinction
Seven
33. ______________ struggle is the struggle of organisms against the physical environment.
Macroscopic.
Oxygen
Natural selection
Environmental
34. In general if two genes have an almost identical DNA sequence - it is likely that they are ____________.
Homologous
Genetic drift
Code
Hardy-Weinberg
35. A ___________ can be defined as one or more populations of interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated in nature from all other organisms.
Africa
Species
Neanderthals
Connecting links
36. According to Darwin - in spite of the high reproductive potential - the number of individuals in a species remains relatively constant - suggesting _____________ for existence.
Struggle
Fungi
Extinction
Out-of-Africa
37. Despite their image as brutish simpletons - _____________were the first humans to bury their dead with artifacts - indicating abstract thought - perhaps a belief in an after-life.
Phylum
Continuity
Neanderthals
Genus
38. _____________ is the end of a particular evolutionary line - the end of a species - a family - or a larger group of organisms.
Balanced
Homology
33 phyla
Extinction
39. At some time in their life cycle - chordates have a pair of lateral gill slits or pouches used to obtain __________ in a liquid environment.
Allele
Sickle Cell
Primates
Oxygen
40. Darwin reported that all organisms tend to _____________ in a geometric ratio provided there are no environmental checks. Even slow breeding animals like the elephant may theoretically give rise to 19 million descendants in a period of 750 years.
Hardy-Weinberg
Embryos
Homologous
Increase
41. Homology has to be distinguished from ___________; for instance - the wings of insects and the wings of birds are analogous but not homologous.
Founder.
Allopatric
Analogy
Interspecific
42. Humans are ____________ - meaning we walk on two of our limbs. The amount of melanin in our skin is representative of the environment we live in - i.e. dark skinned people occupy hotter climates.
Microevolution
Mammals.
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Bipedal
43. As the finch population began to flourish in these advantageous conditions - ______________ competition became a factor - and resources on the islands were squeezed and could not sustain the population of the finches for long.
Allele
Mollusca
Intraspecific
Fossil
44. Homology was defined by Darwin as similarity of structure and position - and distinguished from 'analogy -' which was defined as similarity of _____________ but not necessarily of structure and position.
Adaptive radiation
Natural selection
Microevolution
Function
45. Darwin's Finches illustrated ___________ ____________. This is where species all deriving from a common ancestor have over time successfully adapted to their environment via natural selection.
Sexually
Adaptive radiation
Fungi
Environmental
46. _____________ is the accumulation of small changes in a gene pool over a relatively short period.
Macroscopic.
Microevolution
Hardy-Weinberg
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
47. ____________ reproduction - whether reproduction proceeds with lesser or greater success - is central to the process of natural selection; it determines whether a given mutation becomes established in the general population.
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Baseline
Differential
Fire
48. Extinctions - mostly at the level of species - have been occurring constantly at a low 'background rate' - usually matched by the rate at which new species appear - with the result that ____________ is constantly increasing.
Elongation
Mollusca
Genetic drift
Biodiversity
49. Immediately below kingdom is the _________ level of classification. At this level - animals are grouped together based on similarities in basic body plan or organization.
Environmental
Phylum
Founder.
Bipedal
50. _________ evidence shows that the horse has undergone considerable evolutionary change over a period of 60 million years.
Fossil
Somatic
Phylogenetic
Embryos