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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution
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Subjects
:
clep
,
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Charles Darwin published a book The Origin of Species in the year 1859. He proposed that the new species came about by a process called ___________ __________.
Natural selection
Homologous
Microevolution
Chordata
2. An allele may increase - or decrease - in frequency simply through ___________. Not every member of the population will become a parent and not every set of parents will produce the same number of offspring.
Chance
33 phyla
Beneficial
Founder.
3. Darwin reported that all organisms tend to _____________ in a geometric ratio provided there are no environmental checks. Even slow breeding animals like the elephant may theoretically give rise to 19 million descendants in a period of 750 years.
Function
Fossil
Punctuated
Increase
4. ___________ is a specific explanation of similarity of form seen in the biological world. In genetics - it is used in reference to protein or DNA sequences - meaning that the given sequences share ancestry.
Dinosaurs
Binomial
Homology
Increase
5. Homology was defined by Darwin as similarity of structure and position - and distinguished from 'analogy -' which was defined as similarity of _____________ but not necessarily of structure and position.
Function
Convergent
Punctuated
Mutations
6. According to Darwin - in spite of the high reproductive potential - the number of individuals in a species remains relatively constant - suggesting _____________ for existence.
Creationism
Struggle
Somatic
Hunter-gatherer
7. Populations begin to diverge when gene flow between them is restricted. Geographic isolation is often the first step in ____________ speciation.
Homologous
Creationism
DNA
Allopatric
8. _________ ______ disease causes anemia - joint pain - a swollen spleen - and frequent - severe infections. It illustrates balanced polymorphism because carriers are resistant to malaria - an infection by the parasite that causes cycles of chills and
Sickle Cell
Intraspecific
Interbreed
Homologous
9. Darwin's Finches illustrated ___________ ____________. This is where species all deriving from a common ancestor have over time successfully adapted to their environment via natural selection.
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Adaptive radiation
Continuity
Hunter-gatherer
10. The highest category in the Linnaean system of classification is the __________. At this level - organisms are distinguished on the basis of cellular organization and methods of nutrition.
Founder.
Kingdom
Homo erectus
Intraspecific
11. About 2 million years ago - two groups developed: the australopithecines - generally smaller brained and not users of tools; and the line that led to genus _________ - larger brained and makers and users of tools.
Protista
Triassic
Homo
Somatic
12. Linnaeus placed all monkeys and apes along with humans into the order _________
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Homologous
Primates
Mutations
13. In general if two genes have an almost identical DNA sequence - it is likely that they are ____________.
Interbreed
Homologous
Triassic
Genetic
14. Humans are ____________ - meaning we walk on two of our limbs. The amount of melanin in our skin is representative of the environment we live in - i.e. dark skinned people occupy hotter climates.
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Interspecific
Bipedal
Convergent
15. _____________ is the end of a particular evolutionary line - the end of a species - a family - or a larger group of organisms.
Chance
Protista
Extinction
Homologous
16. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of the same species.
Embryos
Intraspecific
Finches
Mutations
17. At the molecular level - life's ability to reproduce begins with the replication of ____________ - during which two new spirals are created that are exact replicas of the original molecule.
Protista
Sexually
DNA
Bipedal
18. The early stages of development of the ___________ of fish - salamander - tortoise - hen and man show remarkable similarity.
Embryos
Species
Triassic
Monera
19. _____________ can occur randomly - from radiation damage (impact with high energy g-rays or cosmic rays) - from exposure to chemical agents called mutagens - or simply by error in the DNA replication process.
Neanderthals
Mammals.
Mutations
Bipedal
20. ____________ reproduction - whether reproduction proceeds with lesser or greater success - is central to the process of natural selection; it determines whether a given mutation becomes established in the general population.
Differential
Mass
Adaptive radiation
Homologous
21. ______________ struggle is the struggle of organisms against the physical environment.
Homology
Creationism
Interspecific
Environmental
22. _________ evidence shows that the horse has undergone considerable evolutionary change over a period of 60 million years.
Genus
Fossil
Homologous
Increase
23. Most anthropologists agree that the ______ _______ was populated by a series of three migrations over the temporary land connection between Asia and North America.
Species
New World
Microevolution
Function
24. When carriers have advantages that allow a detrimental allele to persist in a population - ______________ polymorphism is at work.
Natural selection
Neanderthals
Allele
Balanced
25. ____________ organs are formed on the same basic plan though they may be modified variously to perform different functions. They must have a common ancestral structure which gave rise to different modifications.
Convergent
Sickle Cell
Homologous
Homology
26. A comparative study of physiology and biochemistry also supports the common origin for different organisms. The _____________ of all organisms cells is more or less same in composition.
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Balanced
Protoplasm
Mollusca
27. In the 1680s Ariaantje and Gerrit Jansz emigrated from Holland to South Africa - one of them bringing along an allele for the mild metabolic disease porphyria. Today more than 30000 South Africans carry this allele and - in every case examined - can
New World
Primates
Founder.
Phylum
28. Homology is also seen in the structure of eye - brain - joint appendages of arthropods - etc. It is thus evidence for ____________.
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Evolution
Polymorphism
Struggle
29. Immediately below kingdom is the _________ level of classification. At this level - animals are grouped together based on similarities in basic body plan or organization.
Evolution
Mollusca
Natural selection
Phylum
30. As the finch population began to flourish in these advantageous conditions - ______________ competition became a factor - and resources on the islands were squeezed and could not sustain the population of the finches for long.
Homo
Adaptive radiation
Code
Intraspecific
31. About 1.8 million years ago - early Homo gave rise to _______ ________ - the species thought to have been ancestral to our own.
Mammals.
Evolved
Binomial
Homo erectus
32. Despite their image as brutish simpletons - _____________were the first humans to bury their dead with artifacts - indicating abstract thought - perhaps a belief in an after-life.
Sympatric
Neanderthals
Elongation
Mutations
33. The ______-____-______ Hypothesis proposes that some Homo erectus remained in Africa and continued to evolve into Homo sapiens - and left Africa about 100 -000-200 -000 years ago. From a single source - Homo sapiens replaced all populations of Homo e
Out-of-Africa
Microevolution
Kingdom
Primates
34. An important step toward the modern theory of evolution came in the 1760's - when Count George-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1707-1788) published his Natural History of Animals with the idea that species __________ over time.
Change
Homo
Out-of-Africa
Environmental
35. Mammals developed from primitive mammal-like reptiles during the __________ Period - some 200-245 million years ago.
Phylogenetic
Genetic
Triassic
Bipedal
36. Heritable variations are called _____________ variations. Such variations arising from changes in DNA are passed on within families and to the offspring from the parents.
Genetic
Extinction
Protoplasm
Homo
37. The study of ____________ ____________ supports the claim of a common origin of organisms.
Natural selection
Binomial
Comparative anatomy.
Triassic
38. Animals and plants show variations in physical structure. Some of these variations are simply caused by external conditions (environmental) - such as accidents - temperature - food abundance - etc.. ___________ variations have no effect on evolution
Environment
Intraspecific
New World
Somatic
39. There are at least ___________ of animals. Humans are members of the phylum Chordata.
Interbreed
Somatic
Intraspecific
33 phyla
40. The Linnaean system uses two Latin name categories - ________ and species - to designate each type of organism.
Chordata
Evolution
Genus
Beneficial
41. Primates evolved about approximately 30 million years ago in ___________. One branch of primates evolved into the Old and New World Monkeys - the other into the hominoids (the line of descent common to both apes and man).
Protista
Primates
Africa
Punctuated
42. Prior to the scientific discoveries of the past 200 years - _____________ from the Book Of Genesis described how living things came into being.
Chance
Creationism
Change
Allopatric
43. The Neolithic transition - about 10 -000 years ago - involved the change from __________-__________ societies to agricultural ones based on cultivation of plants and domesticated animals.
Analogy
Baseline
Genetic
Hunter-gatherer
44. Members of the phylum _____________ have soft - unsegmented bodies that are usually - but not always - enclosed in hard shells.
Differential
Neanderthals
Continuity
Mollusca
45. Homo erectus was the first hominid to use ___________ - and have social structures for food gathering.
Finches
Bipedal
Fire
Interbreed
46. Differential reproduction allows one species to gradually evolve into a new species. This is the process of ____________.
Dinosaurs
Sympatric
Evolution
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
47. The only kingdom which consists of prokaryotes is the __________ kingdom.
Monera
Dinosaurs
Homologous
Homologous
48. The Regional ___________ Hypothesis suggests that regional populations of H. erectus evolved into H. sapiens through interbreeding between the various populations.
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Sickle Cell
Somatic
Continuity
49. For humans - the complete classification is: Kingdom (Animalia); Phylum (__________); Class (Mammalia); Order (Primates); Family (Hominidae); Genus (Homo); Species (Sapiens).
Mutations
Chordata
Monera
Environmental
50. _______________ is that branch of biology dealing with the identification and naming of organisms.
Beneficial
Neanderthals
Taxonomy
Mollusca