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CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution

Subjects : clep, science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Mammals developed from primitive mammal-like reptiles during the __________ Period - some 200-245 million years ago.






2. Except for the tail fins - whales greatly resemble fish in outline - but are instead descended from four-legged land ___________.






3. When Charles Darwin was in the Galapagos islands - one of the first things he noticed is the variety of ___________ that existed on each of the islands.






4. In general if two genes have an almost identical DNA sequence - it is likely that they are ____________.






5. The mutation may be harmful (resulting in a reduced probability of survival for the organism involved) - ____________ (it might also do its intended job better) or merely neutral (no effect at all).






6. The early stages of development of the ___________ of fish - salamander - tortoise - hen and man show remarkable similarity.






7. If a population began with a few individuals - one or more of whom carried a particular allele - that allele may come to be represented in many of the descendants. This is known as ____________.






8. As populations diverge - they form similar but related species. When are two populations new species? When populations no longer _____________ they are thought to be separate species.






9. The ____________ mammals occupy Australia - and differ from placental mammals because they bear their young inside a pouch (instead of a placenta).






10. At the molecular level - life's ability to reproduce begins with the replication of ____________ - during which two new spirals are created that are exact replicas of the original molecule.






11. Darwin's Finches illustrated ___________ ____________. This is where species all deriving from a common ancestor have over time successfully adapted to their environment via natural selection.






12. The only kingdom which consists of prokaryotes is the __________ kingdom.






13. Populations begin to diverge when gene flow between them is restricted. Geographic isolation is often the first step in ____________ speciation.






14. Almost all _________ organisms are either plants or animals.






15. According to Darwin - in spite of the high reproductive potential - the number of individuals in a species remains relatively constant - suggesting _____________ for existence.






16. Linnaeus placed all monkeys and apes along with humans into the order _________






17. All organisms are placed into one of five kingdoms: Monera - Protista - ________ - Plantae - Animalia.






18. There are at least ___________ of animals. Humans are members of the phylum Chordata.






19. Differential reproduction allows one species to gradually evolve into a new species. This is the process of ____________.






20. Members of the phylum _____________ have soft - unsegmented bodies that are usually - but not always - enclosed in hard shells.






21. Organisms struggle for existence. Organisms with advantageous characters survive - while those which lack such variations perish. The advantageous characters are passed on to the offsprings generation after generation and the organisms become better






22. There are certain animals with intermediate characters between two major groups of animals. They are called ___________ _____.






23. The highest category in the Linnaean system of classification is the __________. At this level - organisms are distinguished on the basis of cellular organization and methods of nutrition.






24. _____________ can occur randomly - from radiation damage (impact with high energy g-rays or cosmic rays) - from exposure to chemical agents called mutagens - or simply by error in the DNA replication process.






25. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of the same species.






26. Heritable variations are called _____________ variations. Such variations arising from changes in DNA are passed on within families and to the offspring from the parents.






27. ___________ speciation happens when members of a population develop some genetic difference that prevents them from reproducing with the parent type.






28. Almost all living organisms use the same basic biochemical molecules - including DNA - ATP - and many identical or nearly identical enzymes. Organisms utilize the same DNA triplet base _________ and the same 20 amino acids in their proteins






29. Insect ____________ is also an example of convergent evolution - as for example when an edible (palatable) butterfly develops a color pattern similar to a relatively unrelated inedible (unpalatable) butterfly - and by so doing escapes being eaten.






30. Humans are ____________ - meaning we walk on two of our limbs. The amount of melanin in our skin is representative of the environment we live in - i.e. dark skinned people occupy hotter climates.






31. The __________ kingdom consists of one-celled organisms as well - but differs from the Monera kingdom in that it consists of eukaryotes.






32. Homology was defined by Darwin as similarity of structure and position - and distinguished from 'analogy -' which was defined as similarity of _____________ but not necessarily of structure and position.






33. Because organisms are continually tested by their changing ______________ - their forms change to suit new conditions.






34. A Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium provides a ___________ by which to judge whether evolution has occurred.






35. Scientific classification sorts living organisms by _________ levels of classification - kingdom; phylum; class; order; family; genus; and species.






36. Homology is also seen in the structure of eye - brain - joint appendages of arthropods - etc. It is thus evidence for ____________.






37. At some time in their life cycle - chordates have a pair of lateral gill slits or pouches used to obtain __________ in a liquid environment.






38. When carriers have advantages that allow a detrimental allele to persist in a population - ______________ polymorphism is at work.






39. Humans who have produced offspring that successfully live in a ________ environment tend to be broader and smaller in stature while hotter environments are occupied by thinner taller humans.






40. Extinctions - mostly at the level of species - have been occurring constantly at a low 'background rate' - usually matched by the rate at which new species appear - with the result that ____________ is constantly increasing.






41. For humans - the complete classification is: Kingdom (Animalia); Phylum (__________); Class (Mammalia); Order (Primates); Family (Hominidae); Genus (Homo); Species (Sapiens).






42. ______________ struggle is the struggle of organisms against the physical environment.






43. _____________ is the end of a particular evolutionary line - the end of a species - a family - or a larger group of organisms.






44. ____________ reproduction - whether reproduction proceeds with lesser or greater success - is central to the process of natural selection; it determines whether a given mutation becomes established in the general population.






45. In a genetic drift the entire population may become homozygous for the allele or - equally likely - the allele may disappear. Before either of these fates occurs - the allele represents a Polymorphism. This is a case of polymorphism through...






46. Most anthropologists agree that the ______ _______ was populated by a series of three migrations over the temporary land connection between Asia and North America.






47. __________ are the remains of organisms that lived in the past.






48. The ______-____-______ Hypothesis proposes that some Homo erectus remained in Africa and continued to evolve into Homo sapiens - and left Africa about 100 -000-200 -000 years ago. From a single source - Homo sapiens replaced all populations of Homo e






49. About 1.8 million years ago - early Homo gave rise to _______ ________ - the species thought to have been ancestral to our own.






50. ___________ evolution is an evolutionary process in which organisms not closely related independently acquire some characteristic or characteristics in common.







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