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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution
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Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Insect ____________ is also an example of convergent evolution - as for example when an edible (palatable) butterfly develops a color pattern similar to a relatively unrelated inedible (unpalatable) butterfly - and by so doing escapes being eaten.
Continuity
Africa
Mimicry
Beneficial
2. Primates evolved about approximately 30 million years ago in ___________. One branch of primates evolved into the Old and New World Monkeys - the other into the hominoids (the line of descent common to both apes and man).
Africa
Mimicry
Bipedal
Intraspecific
3. Humans who have produced offspring that successfully live in a ________ environment tend to be broader and smaller in stature while hotter environments are occupied by thinner taller humans.
Balanced
Cold
Beneficial
Dinosaurs
4. Speciation by ____________ Equilibrium involves a group of creatures which gets isolated from the rest of their species.
Creationism
Struggle
Species
Punctuated
5. As the finch population began to flourish in these advantageous conditions - ______________ competition became a factor - and resources on the islands were squeezed and could not sustain the population of the finches for long.
Adaptive radiation
Intraspecific
Somatic
Polymorphism
6. A ____________ tree is a graphical means to depict the evolutionary relationships of a group of organisms.
Allele
Phylogenetic
Monera
Convergent
7. In species which reproduce _____________ - extinction of a species is generally inevitable when there is only one individual of that species left - or only individuals of a single sex.
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Intraspecific
Sexually
Fungi
8. __________ are the remains of organisms that lived in the past.
Binomial
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Differential
Chordata
9. There are at least ___________ of animals. Humans are members of the phylum Chordata.
Protoplasm
33 phyla
Hardy-Weinberg
Cold
10. Populations begin to diverge when gene flow between them is restricted. Geographic isolation is often the first step in ____________ speciation.
Genetic
Allopatric
Homo
Increase
11. As populations diverge - they form similar but related species. When are two populations new species? When populations no longer _____________ they are thought to be separate species.
Chance
Interbreed
Natural selection
Environment
12. The study of ____________ ____________ supports the claim of a common origin of organisms.
Out-of-Africa
Comparative anatomy.
Punctuated
Connecting links
13. At the molecular level - life's ability to reproduce begins with the replication of ____________ - during which two new spirals are created that are exact replicas of the original molecule.
Protista
Genetic
Cold
DNA
14. In general if two genes have an almost identical DNA sequence - it is likely that they are ____________.
Convergent
Homologous
Bipedal
Function
15. Homology was defined by Darwin as similarity of structure and position - and distinguished from 'analogy -' which was defined as similarity of _____________ but not necessarily of structure and position.
Function
Protista
Fire
Environmental
16. The early stages of development of the ___________ of fish - salamander - tortoise - hen and man show remarkable similarity.
Embryos
Mass
Protoplasm
Oxygen
17. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck (1744-1829) developed one of the first theories on how species changed. Lamarck - in 1809 - concluded that organisms of higher complexity had __________ from preexisting - less complex organisms.
Comparative anatomy.
Evolved
33 phyla
Baseline
18. Scientific classification sorts living organisms by _________ levels of classification - kingdom; phylum; class; order; family; genus; and species.
Seven
Chordata
Continuity
Primates
19. Except for the tail fins - whales greatly resemble fish in outline - but are instead descended from four-legged land ___________.
Neanderthals
Out-of-Africa
Mammals.
Continuity
20. Homology is also seen in the structure of eye - brain - joint appendages of arthropods - etc. It is thus evidence for ____________.
Analogy
Continuity
Evolution
Differential
21. A Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium provides a ___________ by which to judge whether evolution has occurred.
Convergent
Baseline
Balanced
Evolution
22. The Neolithic transition - about 10 -000 years ago - involved the change from __________-__________ societies to agricultural ones based on cultivation of plants and domesticated animals.
Evolved
Intraspecific
Mollusca
Hunter-gatherer
23. Linnaeus placed all monkeys and apes along with humans into the order _________
Connecting links
Primates
Baseline
Kingdom
24. The mutation may be harmful (resulting in a reduced probability of survival for the organism involved) - ____________ (it might also do its intended job better) or merely neutral (no effect at all).
Macroscopic.
Beneficial
Phylum
Environmental
25. Despite their image as brutish simpletons - _____________were the first humans to bury their dead with artifacts - indicating abstract thought - perhaps a belief in an after-life.
Neanderthals
Sexually
Sympatric
Increase
26. The highest category in the Linnaean system of classification is the __________. At this level - organisms are distinguished on the basis of cellular organization and methods of nutrition.
Bipedal
Kingdom
Allele
Out-of-Africa
27. The __________ kingdom consists of one-celled organisms as well - but differs from the Monera kingdom in that it consists of eukaryotes.
Evolution
Natural selection
Microevolution
Protista
28. Extinctions - mostly at the level of species - have been occurring constantly at a low 'background rate' - usually matched by the rate at which new species appear - with the result that ____________ is constantly increasing.
33 phyla
Analogy
Microevolution
Biodiversity
29. Charles Darwin published a book The Origin of Species in the year 1859. He proposed that the new species came about by a process called ___________ __________.
Homologous
Connecting links
Code
Natural selection
30. In the 1680s Ariaantje and Gerrit Jansz emigrated from Holland to South Africa - one of them bringing along an allele for the mild metabolic disease porphyria. Today more than 30000 South Africans carry this allele and - in every case examined - can
Founder.
Bipedal
Protoplasm
Microevolution
31. A ___________ can be defined as one or more populations of interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated in nature from all other organisms.
Evolution
Phylum
Homologous
Species
32. Members of the phylum _____________ have soft - unsegmented bodies that are usually - but not always - enclosed in hard shells.
Mollusca
Environmental
Genetic
Taxonomy
33. A comparative study of physiology and biochemistry also supports the common origin for different organisms. The _____________ of all organisms cells is more or less same in composition.
Code
Binomial
Protoplasm
Macroscopic.
34. Such a dual level designation is referred to as a _________ nomenclature.
Polymorphism
Genetic
Binomial
Convergent
35. Humans are ____________ - meaning we walk on two of our limbs. The amount of melanin in our skin is representative of the environment we live in - i.e. dark skinned people occupy hotter climates.
Mollusca
Biodiversity
Bipedal
Binomial
36. ___________ evolution is an evolutionary process in which organisms not closely related independently acquire some characteristic or characteristics in common.
Finches
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Convergent
Binomial
37. Most anthropologists agree that the ______ _______ was populated by a series of three migrations over the temporary land connection between Asia and North America.
New World
DNA
Polymorphism
Taxonomy
38. An allele may increase - or decrease - in frequency simply through ___________. Not every member of the population will become a parent and not every set of parents will produce the same number of offspring.
Chance
Cold
Comparative anatomy.
Continuity
39. The Regional ___________ Hypothesis suggests that regional populations of H. erectus evolved into H. sapiens through interbreeding between the various populations.
New World
Continuity
Monera
Genetic drift
40. The most recent mass extinction - the K-T extinction at the end of the Cretaceous period - is best known for having wiped out the __________ .
Environmental
Dinosaurs
Adaptive radiation
Interbreed
41. Darwin's Finches illustrated ___________ ____________. This is where species all deriving from a common ancestor have over time successfully adapted to their environment via natural selection.
Environment
Elongation
Adaptive radiation
Chordata
42. About 1.8 million years ago - early Homo gave rise to _______ ________ - the species thought to have been ancestral to our own.
Homo erectus
Finches
Phylogenetic
Sickle Cell
43. Immediately below kingdom is the _________ level of classification. At this level - animals are grouped together based on similarities in basic body plan or organization.
Punctuated
Protista
Phylum
Africa
44. _____________ is the end of a particular evolutionary line - the end of a species - a family - or a larger group of organisms.
Seven
Extinction
Mutations
Africa
45. According to Darwin - in spite of the high reproductive potential - the number of individuals in a species remains relatively constant - suggesting _____________ for existence.
Comparative anatomy.
Mammals.
Struggle
Punctuated
46. About 2 million years ago - two groups developed: the australopithecines - generally smaller brained and not users of tools; and the line that led to genus _________ - larger brained and makers and users of tools.
Fire
Convergent
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Homo
47. ____________ organs are formed on the same basic plan though they may be modified variously to perform different functions. They must have a common ancestral structure which gave rise to different modifications.
Allopatric
Allele
Homologous
Interbreed
48. _____________ can occur randomly - from radiation damage (impact with high energy g-rays or cosmic rays) - from exposure to chemical agents called mutagens - or simply by error in the DNA replication process.
Allele
Mutations
Sexually
Fossil
49. When carriers have advantages that allow a detrimental allele to persist in a population - ______________ polymorphism is at work.
Out-of-Africa
Balanced
Differential
Primates
50. Homology has to be distinguished from ___________; for instance - the wings of insects and the wings of birds are analogous but not homologous.
Analogy
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Hardy-Weinberg
Increase