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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution
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Subjects
:
clep
,
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. _________ evidence shows that the horse has undergone considerable evolutionary change over a period of 60 million years.
Fossil
Function
Somatic
Elongation
2. ___________ speciation happens when members of a population develop some genetic difference that prevents them from reproducing with the parent type.
Protista
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Sympatric
Comparative anatomy.
3. As populations diverge - they form similar but related species. When are two populations new species? When populations no longer _____________ they are thought to be separate species.
Interbreed
Continuity
Macroscopic.
Founder.
4. About 2 million years ago - two groups developed: the australopithecines - generally smaller brained and not users of tools; and the line that led to genus _________ - larger brained and makers and users of tools.
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Homo
33 phyla
Elongation
5. Populations begin to diverge when gene flow between them is restricted. Geographic isolation is often the first step in ____________ speciation.
Allopatric
Intraspecific
Chance
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
6. There are certain animals with intermediate characters between two major groups of animals. They are called ___________ _____.
Sexually
Connecting links
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Embryos
7. Scientific classification sorts living organisms by _________ levels of classification - kingdom; phylum; class; order; family; genus; and species.
Allopatric
Hunter-gatherer
Seven
Binomial
8. All organisms are placed into one of five kingdoms: Monera - Protista - ________ - Plantae - Animalia.
Fungi
Dinosaurs
Fire
Evolution
9. Homo erectus was the first hominid to use ___________ - and have social structures for food gathering.
Protista
Fire
Embryos
Punctuated
10. _______________ is that branch of biology dealing with the identification and naming of organisms.
Interspecific
Taxonomy
33 phyla
Hardy-Weinberg
11. At the molecular level - life's ability to reproduce begins with the replication of ____________ - during which two new spirals are created that are exact replicas of the original molecule.
DNA
Biodiversity
Function
Macroscopic.
12. At some time in their life cycle - chordates have a pair of lateral gill slits or pouches used to obtain __________ in a liquid environment.
Fire
Phylogenetic
Oxygen
Hunter-gatherer
13. A comparative study of physiology and biochemistry also supports the common origin for different organisms. The _____________ of all organisms cells is more or less same in composition.
Bipedal
Sexually
Protoplasm
Function
14. For humans - the complete classification is: Kingdom (Animalia); Phylum (__________); Class (Mammalia); Order (Primates); Family (Hominidae); Genus (Homo); Species (Sapiens).
Hardy-Weinberg
Embryos
Analogy
Chordata
15. Any change of _________ frequencies in a gene pool indicates that evolution has occurred. The Hardy-Weinberg law proposes that those factors that violate the conditions listed - cause evolution.
Allele
Adaptive radiation
Phylogenetic
Phylum
16. Almost all living organisms use the same basic biochemical molecules - including DNA - ATP - and many identical or nearly identical enzymes. Organisms utilize the same DNA triplet base _________ and the same 20 amino acids in their proteins
Comparative anatomy.
Mutations
Elongation
Code
17. Because organisms are continually tested by their changing ______________ - their forms change to suit new conditions.
Environment
Phylum
Protoplasm
Evolution
18. Animals and plants show variations in physical structure. Some of these variations are simply caused by external conditions (environmental) - such as accidents - temperature - food abundance - etc.. ___________ variations have no effect on evolution
Hardy-Weinberg
Extinction
Somatic
Genetic drift
19. Differential reproduction allows one species to gradually evolve into a new species. This is the process of ____________.
Kingdom
Evolution
Comparative anatomy.
Evolved
20. Immediately below kingdom is the _________ level of classification. At this level - animals are grouped together based on similarities in basic body plan or organization.
Environmental
Intraspecific
Genetic
Phylum
21. ____________ reproduction - whether reproduction proceeds with lesser or greater success - is central to the process of natural selection; it determines whether a given mutation becomes established in the general population.
Interbreed
Struggle
Differential
Homology
22. Primates evolved about approximately 30 million years ago in ___________. One branch of primates evolved into the Old and New World Monkeys - the other into the hominoids (the line of descent common to both apes and man).
Biodiversity
Neanderthals
Somatic
Africa
23. Darwin reported that all organisms tend to _____________ in a geometric ratio provided there are no environmental checks. Even slow breeding animals like the elephant may theoretically give rise to 19 million descendants in a period of 750 years.
Neanderthals
Increase
Phylum
Adaptive radiation
24. According to Darwin - in spite of the high reproductive potential - the number of individuals in a species remains relatively constant - suggesting _____________ for existence.
Struggle
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Microevolution
Mammals.
25. Homology was defined by Darwin as similarity of structure and position - and distinguished from 'analogy -' which was defined as similarity of _____________ but not necessarily of structure and position.
Taxonomy
Triassic
Function
Phylogenetic
26. Humans are ____________ - meaning we walk on two of our limbs. The amount of melanin in our skin is representative of the environment we live in - i.e. dark skinned people occupy hotter climates.
Bipedal
Genetic drift
Interspecific
Fire
27. The only kingdom which consists of prokaryotes is the __________ kingdom.
Taxonomy
Mutations
Monera
Fungi
28. _____________ is the accumulation of small changes in a gene pool over a relatively short period.
33 phyla
Microevolution
Natural selection
Genetic drift
29. As the finch population began to flourish in these advantageous conditions - ______________ competition became a factor - and resources on the islands were squeezed and could not sustain the population of the finches for long.
Intraspecific
New World
Punctuated
Out-of-Africa
30. The mutation may be harmful (resulting in a reduced probability of survival for the organism involved) - ____________ (it might also do its intended job better) or merely neutral (no effect at all).
Connecting links
Beneficial
Primates
Taxonomy
31. In general if two genes have an almost identical DNA sequence - it is likely that they are ____________.
Seven
Mammals.
Homologous
Taxonomy
32. ____________ organs are formed on the same basic plan though they may be modified variously to perform different functions. They must have a common ancestral structure which gave rise to different modifications.
Increase
Homologous
Dinosaurs
Evolution
33. Darwin's Finches illustrated ___________ ____________. This is where species all deriving from a common ancestor have over time successfully adapted to their environment via natural selection.
Homology
Somatic
Macroscopic.
Adaptive radiation
34. Such a dual level designation is referred to as a _________ nomenclature.
Homology
Phylogenetic
Fire
Binomial
35. Mammals developed from primitive mammal-like reptiles during the __________ Period - some 200-245 million years ago.
Environment
Sexually
Microevolution
Triassic
36. ___________ evolution is an evolutionary process in which organisms not closely related independently acquire some characteristic or characteristics in common.
Monera
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Convergent
Homo
37. The Linnaean system uses two Latin name categories - ________ and species - to designate each type of organism.
Taxonomy
Genus
Allele
Homology
38. In a genetic drift the entire population may become homozygous for the allele or - equally likely - the allele may disappear. Before either of these fates occurs - the allele represents a Polymorphism. This is a case of polymorphism through...
Chance
Genetic drift
Chordata
Intraspecific
39. The _______-_________ Law states that an equilibrium of allele frequencies in a gene pool remains in effect in each succeeding generation of a sexually reproducing population if five conditions are met.
Punctuated
Environment
Hardy-Weinberg
Fire
40. A ____________ tree is a graphical means to depict the evolutionary relationships of a group of organisms.
Phylogenetic
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Hunter-gatherer
Allopatric
41. The ____________ mammals occupy Australia - and differ from placental mammals because they bear their young inside a pouch (instead of a placenta).
Genetic
Evolution
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Macroscopic.
42. In the 1680s Ariaantje and Gerrit Jansz emigrated from Holland to South Africa - one of them bringing along an allele for the mild metabolic disease porphyria. Today more than 30000 South Africans carry this allele and - in every case examined - can
Comparative anatomy.
Connecting links
Founder.
Natural selection
43. A ___________ can be defined as one or more populations of interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated in nature from all other organisms.
Environmental
Species
Mammals.
Hunter-gatherer
44. Heritable variations are called _____________ variations. Such variations arising from changes in DNA are passed on within families and to the offspring from the parents.
Genetic
Interspecific
Protista
Cold
45. ___________ is a specific explanation of similarity of form seen in the biological world. In genetics - it is used in reference to protein or DNA sequences - meaning that the given sequences share ancestry.
Homology
Seven
Mammals.
Interspecific
46. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of the same species.
Adaptive radiation
Natural selection
Kingdom
Intraspecific
47. The Regional ___________ Hypothesis suggests that regional populations of H. erectus evolved into H. sapiens through interbreeding between the various populations.
Continuity
Protista
Natural selection
Fire
48. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck (1744-1829) developed one of the first theories on how species changed. Lamarck - in 1809 - concluded that organisms of higher complexity had __________ from preexisting - less complex organisms.
Mimicry
Mass
Evolution
Evolved
49. An important step toward the modern theory of evolution came in the 1760's - when Count George-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1707-1788) published his Natural History of Animals with the idea that species __________ over time.
Oxygen
Function
Mimicry
Change
50. The ______-____-______ Hypothesis proposes that some Homo erectus remained in Africa and continued to evolve into Homo sapiens - and left Africa about 100 -000-200 -000 years ago. From a single source - Homo sapiens replaced all populations of Homo e
Fungi
Fire
Out-of-Africa
Homo