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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution
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Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In the 1680s Ariaantje and Gerrit Jansz emigrated from Holland to South Africa - one of them bringing along an allele for the mild metabolic disease porphyria. Today more than 30000 South Africans carry this allele and - in every case examined - can
Founder.
Fossil
Function
Interbreed
2. All organisms are placed into one of five kingdoms: Monera - Protista - ________ - Plantae - Animalia.
Fungi
Genetic
Hardy-Weinberg
Microevolution
3. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of the same species.
Polymorphism
Intraspecific
Function
Punctuated
4. The Regional ___________ Hypothesis suggests that regional populations of H. erectus evolved into H. sapiens through interbreeding between the various populations.
Increase
33 phyla
Mass
Continuity
5. Linnaeus placed all monkeys and apes along with humans into the order _________
Genus
Fungi
Primates
New World
6. According to Darwin - in spite of the high reproductive potential - the number of individuals in a species remains relatively constant - suggesting _____________ for existence.
Sympatric
Fungi
Mutations
Struggle
7. At the molecular level - life's ability to reproduce begins with the replication of ____________ - during which two new spirals are created that are exact replicas of the original molecule.
Evolution
DNA
Binomial
Genetic drift
8. Most anthropologists agree that the ______ _______ was populated by a series of three migrations over the temporary land connection between Asia and North America.
New World
Out-of-Africa
Natural selection
Genus
9. About 2 million years ago - two groups developed: the australopithecines - generally smaller brained and not users of tools; and the line that led to genus _________ - larger brained and makers and users of tools.
Sickle Cell
Environmental
Homology
Homo
10. A Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium provides a ___________ by which to judge whether evolution has occurred.
New World
Extinction
Baseline
Somatic
11. An important step toward the modern theory of evolution came in the 1760's - when Count George-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1707-1788) published his Natural History of Animals with the idea that species __________ over time.
Environment
Continuity
Mimicry
Change
12. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck (1744-1829) developed one of the first theories on how species changed. Lamarck - in 1809 - concluded that organisms of higher complexity had __________ from preexisting - less complex organisms.
Mollusca
Punctuated
Fire
Evolved
13. ___________ is a specific explanation of similarity of form seen in the biological world. In genetics - it is used in reference to protein or DNA sequences - meaning that the given sequences share ancestry.
Allele
Homology
Interbreed
Protoplasm
14. Mammals developed from primitive mammal-like reptiles during the __________ Period - some 200-245 million years ago.
New World
Triassic
Dinosaurs
Monera
15. Humans are ____________ - meaning we walk on two of our limbs. The amount of melanin in our skin is representative of the environment we live in - i.e. dark skinned people occupy hotter climates.
Bipedal
Convergent
Homologous
Genus
16. A comparative study of physiology and biochemistry also supports the common origin for different organisms. The _____________ of all organisms cells is more or less same in composition.
Protoplasm
DNA
Fossil
Microevolution
17. In species which reproduce _____________ - extinction of a species is generally inevitable when there is only one individual of that species left - or only individuals of a single sex.
Punctuated
Sexually
Finches
Intraspecific
18. A ____________ tree is a graphical means to depict the evolutionary relationships of a group of organisms.
Phylogenetic
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Fungi
Neanderthals
19. Despite their image as brutish simpletons - _____________were the first humans to bury their dead with artifacts - indicating abstract thought - perhaps a belief in an after-life.
Genetic drift
Neanderthals
Allele
Differential
20. The highest category in the Linnaean system of classification is the __________. At this level - organisms are distinguished on the basis of cellular organization and methods of nutrition.
Macroscopic.
Kingdom
Adaptive radiation
Genus
21. Because organisms are continually tested by their changing ______________ - their forms change to suit new conditions.
Species
Environment
Neanderthals
Baseline
22. ___________ evolution is an evolutionary process in which organisms not closely related independently acquire some characteristic or characteristics in common.
Convergent
Somatic
Hunter-gatherer
Embryos
23. Charles Darwin published a book The Origin of Species in the year 1859. He proposed that the new species came about by a process called ___________ __________.
Natural selection
Species
Seven
Differential
24. Differential reproduction allows one species to gradually evolve into a new species. This is the process of ____________.
Continuity
Homologous
Sympatric
Evolution
25. For humans - the complete classification is: Kingdom (Animalia); Phylum (__________); Class (Mammalia); Order (Primates); Family (Hominidae); Genus (Homo); Species (Sapiens).
Balanced
Phylogenetic
Chordata
Monera
26. If a population began with a few individuals - one or more of whom carried a particular allele - that allele may come to be represented in many of the descendants. This is known as ____________.
Polymorphism
Function
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Interspecific
27. _________ ______ disease causes anemia - joint pain - a swollen spleen - and frequent - severe infections. It illustrates balanced polymorphism because carriers are resistant to malaria - an infection by the parasite that causes cycles of chills and
Adaptive radiation
Beneficial
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Sickle Cell
28. As populations diverge - they form similar but related species. When are two populations new species? When populations no longer _____________ they are thought to be separate species.
Fungi
New World
Interbreed
Elongation
29. ___________ speciation happens when members of a population develop some genetic difference that prevents them from reproducing with the parent type.
Natural selection
Mollusca
Bipedal
Sympatric
30. Any change of _________ frequencies in a gene pool indicates that evolution has occurred. The Hardy-Weinberg law proposes that those factors that violate the conditions listed - cause evolution.
Sexually
Allele
Embryos
Homology
31. Members of the phylum _____________ have soft - unsegmented bodies that are usually - but not always - enclosed in hard shells.
Change
Baseline
Mollusca
Microevolution
32. Animals and plants show variations in physical structure. Some of these variations are simply caused by external conditions (environmental) - such as accidents - temperature - food abundance - etc.. ___________ variations have no effect on evolution
Intraspecific
Baseline
New World
Somatic
33. An allele may increase - or decrease - in frequency simply through ___________. Not every member of the population will become a parent and not every set of parents will produce the same number of offspring.
Macroscopic.
Mollusca
DNA
Chance
34. The study of ____________ ____________ supports the claim of a common origin of organisms.
Homologous
Founder.
Kingdom
Comparative anatomy.
35. Biodiversity crashes during ________ extinctions. This has been a powerful force in evolution - wiping the slate clean of up to 96% of all species - and providing the survivors with a world full of opportunities into which they can diversify.
Allopatric
Mass
Taxonomy
Embryos
36. At some time in their life cycle - chordates have a pair of lateral gill slits or pouches used to obtain __________ in a liquid environment.
Oxygen
Connecting links
Genus
Intraspecific
37. There are certain animals with intermediate characters between two major groups of animals. They are called ___________ _____.
Connecting links
Phylum
Continuity
Code
38. The early stages of development of the ___________ of fish - salamander - tortoise - hen and man show remarkable similarity.
Bipedal
Beneficial
Mollusca
Embryos
39. ____________ reproduction - whether reproduction proceeds with lesser or greater success - is central to the process of natural selection; it determines whether a given mutation becomes established in the general population.
Differential
Elongation
Mollusca
Genetic drift
40. Prior to the scientific discoveries of the past 200 years - _____________ from the Book Of Genesis described how living things came into being.
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Creationism
Adaptive radiation
Convergent
41. When Charles Darwin was in the Galapagos islands - one of the first things he noticed is the variety of ___________ that existed on each of the islands.
Founder.
Finches
Homo
Fossil
42. Homology is also seen in the structure of eye - brain - joint appendages of arthropods - etc. It is thus evidence for ____________.
Punctuated
Sickle Cell
Evolution
Environment
43. In a genetic drift the entire population may become homozygous for the allele or - equally likely - the allele may disappear. Before either of these fates occurs - the allele represents a Polymorphism. This is a case of polymorphism through...
Africa
Function
New World
Genetic drift
44. The Linnaean system uses two Latin name categories - ________ and species - to designate each type of organism.
Genus
Intraspecific
Environment
Beneficial
45. _____________ is the accumulation of small changes in a gene pool over a relatively short period.
Natural selection
Microevolution
Sympatric
Mollusca
46. Almost all living organisms use the same basic biochemical molecules - including DNA - ATP - and many identical or nearly identical enzymes. Organisms utilize the same DNA triplet base _________ and the same 20 amino acids in their proteins
Primates
Fossil
Function
Code
47. Such a dual level designation is referred to as a _________ nomenclature.
Mammals.
Mass
Phylogenetic
Binomial
48. In general if two genes have an almost identical DNA sequence - it is likely that they are ____________.
Mollusca
Neanderthals
Homologous
Finches
49. When carriers have advantages that allow a detrimental allele to persist in a population - ______________ polymorphism is at work.
Dinosaurs
Natural selection
Homology
Balanced
50. _____________ can occur randomly - from radiation damage (impact with high energy g-rays or cosmic rays) - from exposure to chemical agents called mutagens - or simply by error in the DNA replication process.
Sickle Cell
Somatic
Mutations
Evolution