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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution
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Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Primates evolved about approximately 30 million years ago in ___________. One branch of primates evolved into the Old and New World Monkeys - the other into the hominoids (the line of descent common to both apes and man).
Comparative anatomy.
Africa
Allopatric
Kingdom
2. Almost all _________ organisms are either plants or animals.
Phylogenetic
Macroscopic.
Protoplasm
Hunter-gatherer
3. A ____________ tree is a graphical means to depict the evolutionary relationships of a group of organisms.
Phylogenetic
Africa
Kingdom
Mammals.
4. ______________ struggle is the struggle of organisms against the physical environment.
Interbreed
33 phyla
Convergent
Environmental
5. The _______-_________ Law states that an equilibrium of allele frequencies in a gene pool remains in effect in each succeeding generation of a sexually reproducing population if five conditions are met.
Environmental
Chance
Phylogenetic
Hardy-Weinberg
6. Biodiversity crashes during ________ extinctions. This has been a powerful force in evolution - wiping the slate clean of up to 96% of all species - and providing the survivors with a world full of opportunities into which they can diversify.
Mass
Mammals.
Genus
Baseline
7. An allele may increase - or decrease - in frequency simply through ___________. Not every member of the population will become a parent and not every set of parents will produce the same number of offspring.
Chance
Genus
Chordata
New World
8. Humans who have produced offspring that successfully live in a ________ environment tend to be broader and smaller in stature while hotter environments are occupied by thinner taller humans.
Genetic
Mass
Cold
Chance
9. For humans - the complete classification is: Kingdom (Animalia); Phylum (__________); Class (Mammalia); Order (Primates); Family (Hominidae); Genus (Homo); Species (Sapiens).
Intraspecific
Chordata
Kingdom
Allele
10. Almost all living organisms use the same basic biochemical molecules - including DNA - ATP - and many identical or nearly identical enzymes. Organisms utilize the same DNA triplet base _________ and the same 20 amino acids in their proteins
Oxygen
Founder.
Code
Mass
11. The Neolithic transition - about 10 -000 years ago - involved the change from __________-__________ societies to agricultural ones based on cultivation of plants and domesticated animals.
Kingdom
Adaptive radiation
Taxonomy
Hunter-gatherer
12. Charles Darwin published a book The Origin of Species in the year 1859. He proposed that the new species came about by a process called ___________ __________.
Natural selection
Somatic
Analogy
Extinction
13. Immediately below kingdom is the _________ level of classification. At this level - animals are grouped together based on similarities in basic body plan or organization.
Interbreed
Phylum
Evolution
Intraspecific
14. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of different species.
Interspecific
Fungi
Elongation
Homologous
15. The __________ kingdom consists of one-celled organisms as well - but differs from the Monera kingdom in that it consists of eukaryotes.
Protista
Interspecific
Connecting links
Fungi
16. The most recent mass extinction - the K-T extinction at the end of the Cretaceous period - is best known for having wiped out the __________ .
Neanderthals
Dinosaurs
Oxygen
Fossil
17. _____________ is the end of a particular evolutionary line - the end of a species - a family - or a larger group of organisms.
Mollusca
Analogy
Allele
Extinction
18. Differential reproduction allows one species to gradually evolve into a new species. This is the process of ____________.
Chance
Cold
Interbreed
Evolution
19. The only kingdom which consists of prokaryotes is the __________ kingdom.
Environment
Connecting links
New World
Monera
20. When carriers have advantages that allow a detrimental allele to persist in a population - ______________ polymorphism is at work.
Mammals.
Homology
Fossil
Balanced
21. Homo erectus was the first hominid to use ___________ - and have social structures for food gathering.
Fire
Connecting links
Taxonomy
Hunter-gatherer
22. In the 1680s Ariaantje and Gerrit Jansz emigrated from Holland to South Africa - one of them bringing along an allele for the mild metabolic disease porphyria. Today more than 30000 South Africans carry this allele and - in every case examined - can
Founder.
Protista
Out-of-Africa
Analogy
23. At the molecular level - life's ability to reproduce begins with the replication of ____________ - during which two new spirals are created that are exact replicas of the original molecule.
Macroscopic.
Out-of-Africa
DNA
Founder.
24. Because organisms are continually tested by their changing ______________ - their forms change to suit new conditions.
Environment
Elongation
Protista
Binomial
25. In general if two genes have an almost identical DNA sequence - it is likely that they are ____________.
Mimicry
Cold
Analogy
Homologous
26. The ____________ mammals occupy Australia - and differ from placental mammals because they bear their young inside a pouch (instead of a placenta).
Mutations
Homo erectus
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Phylogenetic
27. ___________ evolution is an evolutionary process in which organisms not closely related independently acquire some characteristic or characteristics in common.
Kingdom
Biodiversity
Convergent
Sympatric
28. According to Darwin - in spite of the high reproductive potential - the number of individuals in a species remains relatively constant - suggesting _____________ for existence.
Genus
Struggle
Differential
Sexually
29. All organisms are placed into one of five kingdoms: Monera - Protista - ________ - Plantae - Animalia.
Fungi
Triassic
Evolved
Adaptive radiation
30. There are certain animals with intermediate characters between two major groups of animals. They are called ___________ _____.
Homo erectus
Natural selection
Connecting links
Primates
31. If a population began with a few individuals - one or more of whom carried a particular allele - that allele may come to be represented in many of the descendants. This is known as ____________.
Polymorphism
Struggle
Chordata
Code
32. Except for the tail fins - whales greatly resemble fish in outline - but are instead descended from four-legged land ___________.
Taxonomy
Mammals.
Out-of-Africa
Beneficial
33. Darwin reported that all organisms tend to _____________ in a geometric ratio provided there are no environmental checks. Even slow breeding animals like the elephant may theoretically give rise to 19 million descendants in a period of 750 years.
Natural selection
Elongation
Connecting links
Increase
34. Heritable variations are called _____________ variations. Such variations arising from changes in DNA are passed on within families and to the offspring from the parents.
Homo
Intraspecific
Genetic
Balanced
35. Speciation by ____________ Equilibrium involves a group of creatures which gets isolated from the rest of their species.
Natural selection
Punctuated
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Extinction
36. ___________ is a specific explanation of similarity of form seen in the biological world. In genetics - it is used in reference to protein or DNA sequences - meaning that the given sequences share ancestry.
Allopatric
Monera
Homology
Fungi
37. The mutation may be harmful (resulting in a reduced probability of survival for the organism involved) - ____________ (it might also do its intended job better) or merely neutral (no effect at all).
Elongation
Chance
Environment
Beneficial
38. Homology was defined by Darwin as similarity of structure and position - and distinguished from 'analogy -' which was defined as similarity of _____________ but not necessarily of structure and position.
Function
Convergent
Embryos
Mass
39. _________ ______ disease causes anemia - joint pain - a swollen spleen - and frequent - severe infections. It illustrates balanced polymorphism because carriers are resistant to malaria - an infection by the parasite that causes cycles of chills and
Sickle Cell
Differential
Triassic
Evolution
40. ____________ organs are formed on the same basic plan though they may be modified variously to perform different functions. They must have a common ancestral structure which gave rise to different modifications.
Homologous
Genetic drift
Allopatric
Homology
41. Mammals developed from primitive mammal-like reptiles during the __________ Period - some 200-245 million years ago.
Triassic
Struggle
Founder.
Cold
42. Most anthropologists agree that the ______ _______ was populated by a series of three migrations over the temporary land connection between Asia and North America.
New World
Beneficial
Code
Phylogenetic
43. Such a dual level designation is referred to as a _________ nomenclature.
Binomial
Mammals.
Phylum
Protoplasm
44. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck (1744-1829) developed one of the first theories on how species changed. Lamarck - in 1809 - concluded that organisms of higher complexity had __________ from preexisting - less complex organisms.
Intraspecific
Evolved
Beneficial
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
45. Prior to the scientific discoveries of the past 200 years - _____________ from the Book Of Genesis described how living things came into being.
Creationism
Allopatric
Hunter-gatherer
Beneficial
46. The study of ____________ ____________ supports the claim of a common origin of organisms.
Evolved
Comparative anatomy.
Homology
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
47. About 2 million years ago - two groups developed: the australopithecines - generally smaller brained and not users of tools; and the line that led to genus _________ - larger brained and makers and users of tools.
Interbreed
Environment
Homo
Fungi
48. Scientific classification sorts living organisms by _________ levels of classification - kingdom; phylum; class; order; family; genus; and species.
Microevolution
Seven
Taxonomy
Bipedal
49. Extinctions - mostly at the level of species - have been occurring constantly at a low 'background rate' - usually matched by the rate at which new species appear - with the result that ____________ is constantly increasing.
Hardy-Weinberg
Embryos
Biodiversity
Comparative anatomy.
50. A Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium provides a ___________ by which to judge whether evolution has occurred.
Interspecific
Seven
Hunter-gatherer
Baseline