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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution
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Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Mammals developed from primitive mammal-like reptiles during the __________ Period - some 200-245 million years ago.
Bipedal
Hunter-gatherer
Change
Triassic
2. In the 1680s Ariaantje and Gerrit Jansz emigrated from Holland to South Africa - one of them bringing along an allele for the mild metabolic disease porphyria. Today more than 30000 South Africans carry this allele and - in every case examined - can
Comparative anatomy.
Mollusca
Founder.
Finches
3. Humans are ____________ - meaning we walk on two of our limbs. The amount of melanin in our skin is representative of the environment we live in - i.e. dark skinned people occupy hotter climates.
Natural selection
Differential
Bipedal
Kingdom
4. Except for the tail fins - whales greatly resemble fish in outline - but are instead descended from four-legged land ___________.
Fossil
Mammals.
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Protoplasm
5. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of different species.
Allele
Mimicry
Interspecific
Somatic
6. The ______-____-______ Hypothesis proposes that some Homo erectus remained in Africa and continued to evolve into Homo sapiens - and left Africa about 100 -000-200 -000 years ago. From a single source - Homo sapiens replaced all populations of Homo e
Out-of-Africa
Creationism
Interbreed
33 phyla
7. ___________ is a specific explanation of similarity of form seen in the biological world. In genetics - it is used in reference to protein or DNA sequences - meaning that the given sequences share ancestry.
Homology
Interspecific
Binomial
Macroscopic.
8. Organisms struggle for existence. Organisms with advantageous characters survive - while those which lack such variations perish. The advantageous characters are passed on to the offsprings generation after generation and the organisms become better
Natural selection
Mass
Intraspecific
Punctuated
9. As the finch population began to flourish in these advantageous conditions - ______________ competition became a factor - and resources on the islands were squeezed and could not sustain the population of the finches for long.
Intraspecific
Polymorphism
Homology
Taxonomy
10. Such a dual level designation is referred to as a _________ nomenclature.
Chance
Binomial
Evolution
Oxygen
11. Homology is also seen in the structure of eye - brain - joint appendages of arthropods - etc. It is thus evidence for ____________.
Creationism
Evolution
Fungi
Microevolution
12. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of the same species.
Mollusca
Protoplasm
Intraspecific
Adaptive radiation
13. A ____________ tree is a graphical means to depict the evolutionary relationships of a group of organisms.
Natural selection
Phylogenetic
New World
Comparative anatomy.
14. When Charles Darwin was in the Galapagos islands - one of the first things he noticed is the variety of ___________ that existed on each of the islands.
Code
Creationism
Finches
Fungi
15. About 1.8 million years ago - early Homo gave rise to _______ ________ - the species thought to have been ancestral to our own.
Connecting links
Homo erectus
DNA
Homologous
16. About 2 million years ago - two groups developed: the australopithecines - generally smaller brained and not users of tools; and the line that led to genus _________ - larger brained and makers and users of tools.
Environmental
Homology
Analogy
Homo
17. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck (1744-1829) developed one of the first theories on how species changed. Lamarck - in 1809 - concluded that organisms of higher complexity had __________ from preexisting - less complex organisms.
Differential
Evolved
Chordata
Chance
18. Insect ____________ is also an example of convergent evolution - as for example when an edible (palatable) butterfly develops a color pattern similar to a relatively unrelated inedible (unpalatable) butterfly - and by so doing escapes being eaten.
Increase
Macroscopic.
Mimicry
Sexually
19. Despite their image as brutish simpletons - _____________were the first humans to bury their dead with artifacts - indicating abstract thought - perhaps a belief in an after-life.
Binomial
Neanderthals
Genus
Cold
20. Extinctions - mostly at the level of species - have been occurring constantly at a low 'background rate' - usually matched by the rate at which new species appear - with the result that ____________ is constantly increasing.
Biodiversity
Interbreed
Dinosaurs
Hunter-gatherer
21. As populations diverge - they form similar but related species. When are two populations new species? When populations no longer _____________ they are thought to be separate species.
Genus
Allele
Analogy
Interbreed
22. Any change of _________ frequencies in a gene pool indicates that evolution has occurred. The Hardy-Weinberg law proposes that those factors that violate the conditions listed - cause evolution.
Environment
Allele
Somatic
Analogy
23. According to Darwin - in spite of the high reproductive potential - the number of individuals in a species remains relatively constant - suggesting _____________ for existence.
Interspecific
Struggle
Homology
Natural selection
24. In species which reproduce _____________ - extinction of a species is generally inevitable when there is only one individual of that species left - or only individuals of a single sex.
Mammals.
Sexually
Intraspecific
Environmental
25. Primates evolved about approximately 30 million years ago in ___________. One branch of primates evolved into the Old and New World Monkeys - the other into the hominoids (the line of descent common to both apes and man).
Genus
Natural selection
Protista
Africa
26. The __________ kingdom consists of one-celled organisms as well - but differs from the Monera kingdom in that it consists of eukaryotes.
Biodiversity
Differential
Mimicry
Protista
27. Linnaeus placed all monkeys and apes along with humans into the order _________
Primates
DNA
Sympatric
Function
28. Speciation by ____________ Equilibrium involves a group of creatures which gets isolated from the rest of their species.
Change
Environment
Macroscopic.
Punctuated
29. The mutation may be harmful (resulting in a reduced probability of survival for the organism involved) - ____________ (it might also do its intended job better) or merely neutral (no effect at all).
DNA
Beneficial
Finches
Hunter-gatherer
30. Homo erectus was the first hominid to use ___________ - and have social structures for food gathering.
Adaptive radiation
Comparative anatomy.
Fire
Function
31. At some time in their life cycle - chordates have a pair of lateral gill slits or pouches used to obtain __________ in a liquid environment.
Chance
Somatic
Oxygen
Microevolution
32. An important step toward the modern theory of evolution came in the 1760's - when Count George-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1707-1788) published his Natural History of Animals with the idea that species __________ over time.
Oxygen
Change
Environment
Protista
33. Members of the phylum _____________ have soft - unsegmented bodies that are usually - but not always - enclosed in hard shells.
Punctuated
Mollusca
Hardy-Weinberg
Sickle Cell
34. Immediately below kingdom is the _________ level of classification. At this level - animals are grouped together based on similarities in basic body plan or organization.
Phylum
Primates
Code
Beneficial
35. A ___________ can be defined as one or more populations of interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated in nature from all other organisms.
Genetic
Biodiversity
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Species
36. The _______-_________ Law states that an equilibrium of allele frequencies in a gene pool remains in effect in each succeeding generation of a sexually reproducing population if five conditions are met.
Interbreed
Continuity
Homologous
Hardy-Weinberg
37. Populations begin to diverge when gene flow between them is restricted. Geographic isolation is often the first step in ____________ speciation.
Baseline
Bipedal
Intraspecific
Allopatric
38. The Neolithic transition - about 10 -000 years ago - involved the change from __________-__________ societies to agricultural ones based on cultivation of plants and domesticated animals.
Phylum
Baseline
Bipedal
Hunter-gatherer
39. The early stages of development of the ___________ of fish - salamander - tortoise - hen and man show remarkable similarity.
Embryos
Homology
Species
Increase
40. The only kingdom which consists of prokaryotes is the __________ kingdom.
Monera
Macroscopic.
Allopatric
Environment
41. Homology was defined by Darwin as similarity of structure and position - and distinguished from 'analogy -' which was defined as similarity of _____________ but not necessarily of structure and position.
33 phyla
Beneficial
DNA
Function
42. The ____________ mammals occupy Australia - and differ from placental mammals because they bear their young inside a pouch (instead of a placenta).
Chordata
Differential
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Environment
43. The Regional ___________ Hypothesis suggests that regional populations of H. erectus evolved into H. sapiens through interbreeding between the various populations.
Homologous
Increase
Continuity
New World
44. If a population began with a few individuals - one or more of whom carried a particular allele - that allele may come to be represented in many of the descendants. This is known as ____________.
Oxygen
Allopatric
Polymorphism
Chance
45. _________ evidence shows that the horse has undergone considerable evolutionary change over a period of 60 million years.
Somatic
Fossil
Evolution
Mimicry
46. An allele may increase - or decrease - in frequency simply through ___________. Not every member of the population will become a parent and not every set of parents will produce the same number of offspring.
Genus
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Chance
Taxonomy
47. _____________ is the accumulation of small changes in a gene pool over a relatively short period.
Triassic
Continuity
Increase
Microevolution
48. In general if two genes have an almost identical DNA sequence - it is likely that they are ____________.
Code
Homologous
Fire
Embryos
49. At the molecular level - life's ability to reproduce begins with the replication of ____________ - during which two new spirals are created that are exact replicas of the original molecule.
Homologous
Triassic
DNA
Biodiversity
50. Animals and plants show variations in physical structure. Some of these variations are simply caused by external conditions (environmental) - such as accidents - temperature - food abundance - etc.. ___________ variations have no effect on evolution
Africa
Evolution
Somatic
Convergent