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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution
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Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The Regional ___________ Hypothesis suggests that regional populations of H. erectus evolved into H. sapiens through interbreeding between the various populations.
Continuity
Struggle
Chordata
Code
2. In a genetic drift the entire population may become homozygous for the allele or - equally likely - the allele may disappear. Before either of these fates occurs - the allele represents a Polymorphism. This is a case of polymorphism through...
Homologous
Balanced
Allopatric
Genetic drift
3. Scientific classification sorts living organisms by _________ levels of classification - kingdom; phylum; class; order; family; genus; and species.
Comparative anatomy.
Somatic
Seven
Phylum
4. _____________ is the end of a particular evolutionary line - the end of a species - a family - or a larger group of organisms.
Extinction
Mutations
Genetic drift
Homologous
5. Mammals developed from primitive mammal-like reptiles during the __________ Period - some 200-245 million years ago.
New World
Triassic
Code
Primates
6. The mutation may be harmful (resulting in a reduced probability of survival for the organism involved) - ____________ (it might also do its intended job better) or merely neutral (no effect at all).
Finches
Beneficial
DNA
Fossil
7. Biodiversity crashes during ________ extinctions. This has been a powerful force in evolution - wiping the slate clean of up to 96% of all species - and providing the survivors with a world full of opportunities into which they can diversify.
Biodiversity
Mass
Africa
Embryos
8. If a population began with a few individuals - one or more of whom carried a particular allele - that allele may come to be represented in many of the descendants. This is known as ____________.
Interspecific
Polymorphism
Allopatric
Out-of-Africa
9. Almost all _________ organisms are either plants or animals.
Africa
Macroscopic.
Mutations
Interspecific
10. ______________ struggle is the struggle of organisms against the physical environment.
Genus
Environmental
Allopatric
Monera
11. Organisms struggle for existence. Organisms with advantageous characters survive - while those which lack such variations perish. The advantageous characters are passed on to the offsprings generation after generation and the organisms become better
Analogy
Natural selection
Species
Creationism
12. At some time in their life cycle - chordates have a pair of lateral gill slits or pouches used to obtain __________ in a liquid environment.
Intraspecific
Oxygen
Connecting links
Fungi
13. A Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium provides a ___________ by which to judge whether evolution has occurred.
Fire
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Founder.
Baseline
14. Charles Darwin published a book The Origin of Species in the year 1859. He proposed that the new species came about by a process called ___________ __________.
Evolved
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Natural selection
Founder.
15. In general if two genes have an almost identical DNA sequence - it is likely that they are ____________.
Homologous
Oxygen
Function
Africa
16. ____________ organs are formed on the same basic plan though they may be modified variously to perform different functions. They must have a common ancestral structure which gave rise to different modifications.
Finches
Homologous
Monera
Elongation
17. Animals and plants show variations in physical structure. Some of these variations are simply caused by external conditions (environmental) - such as accidents - temperature - food abundance - etc.. ___________ variations have no effect on evolution
Out-of-Africa
Change
Homo
Somatic
18. The ______-____-______ Hypothesis proposes that some Homo erectus remained in Africa and continued to evolve into Homo sapiens - and left Africa about 100 -000-200 -000 years ago. From a single source - Homo sapiens replaced all populations of Homo e
Somatic
Analogy
Out-of-Africa
Environmental
19. About 1.8 million years ago - early Homo gave rise to _______ ________ - the species thought to have been ancestral to our own.
33 phyla
Elongation
Homo erectus
Monera
20. An allele may increase - or decrease - in frequency simply through ___________. Not every member of the population will become a parent and not every set of parents will produce the same number of offspring.
Natural selection
Finches
Chance
Intraspecific
21. Darwin's Finches illustrated ___________ ____________. This is where species all deriving from a common ancestor have over time successfully adapted to their environment via natural selection.
Adaptive radiation
Allopatric
Punctuated
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
22. As the finch population began to flourish in these advantageous conditions - ______________ competition became a factor - and resources on the islands were squeezed and could not sustain the population of the finches for long.
Differential
Increase
Species
Intraspecific
23. As populations diverge - they form similar but related species. When are two populations new species? When populations no longer _____________ they are thought to be separate species.
Intraspecific
Evolution
Interbreed
Microevolution
24. For humans - the complete classification is: Kingdom (Animalia); Phylum (__________); Class (Mammalia); Order (Primates); Family (Hominidae); Genus (Homo); Species (Sapiens).
Protoplasm
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Interspecific
Chordata
25. A ___________ can be defined as one or more populations of interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated in nature from all other organisms.
Continuity
Natural selection
Species
Evolution
26. _____________ is the accumulation of small changes in a gene pool over a relatively short period.
Microevolution
Founder.
Fossil
Sickle Cell
27. About 2 million years ago - two groups developed: the australopithecines - generally smaller brained and not users of tools; and the line that led to genus _________ - larger brained and makers and users of tools.
Protista
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Taxonomy
Homo
28. Some important structural changes during the evolution of horse are: Increase in size from 11' (Eohippus) to about 60' (Equus) - and ___________ of the head and neck so as that it can reach the ground.
Environment
Homo
Elongation
Evolution
29. The study of ____________ ____________ supports the claim of a common origin of organisms.
Punctuated
Natural selection
Fire
Comparative anatomy.
30. Darwin reported that all organisms tend to _____________ in a geometric ratio provided there are no environmental checks. Even slow breeding animals like the elephant may theoretically give rise to 19 million descendants in a period of 750 years.
Homologous
Fire
Interspecific
Increase
31. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of the same species.
Homology
Triassic
Intraspecific
Neanderthals
32. When carriers have advantages that allow a detrimental allele to persist in a population - ______________ polymorphism is at work.
Punctuated
Binomial
Balanced
Beneficial
33. ____________ reproduction - whether reproduction proceeds with lesser or greater success - is central to the process of natural selection; it determines whether a given mutation becomes established in the general population.
Natural selection
Embryos
Differential
Genetic drift
34. The early stages of development of the ___________ of fish - salamander - tortoise - hen and man show remarkable similarity.
Elongation
Homo erectus
Differential
Embryos
35. Except for the tail fins - whales greatly resemble fish in outline - but are instead descended from four-legged land ___________.
Dinosaurs
Mammals.
Genus
Evolution
36. __________ are the remains of organisms that lived in the past.
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
DNA
Homology
Struggle
37. The Neolithic transition - about 10 -000 years ago - involved the change from __________-__________ societies to agricultural ones based on cultivation of plants and domesticated animals.
Phylogenetic
Neanderthals
Analogy
Hunter-gatherer
38. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of different species.
Mimicry
New World
Embryos
Interspecific
39. Insect ____________ is also an example of convergent evolution - as for example when an edible (palatable) butterfly develops a color pattern similar to a relatively unrelated inedible (unpalatable) butterfly - and by so doing escapes being eaten.
Mimicry
Homo erectus
Evolution
Environmental
40. The ____________ mammals occupy Australia - and differ from placental mammals because they bear their young inside a pouch (instead of a placenta).
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Natural selection
Dinosaurs
Allopatric
41. At the molecular level - life's ability to reproduce begins with the replication of ____________ - during which two new spirals are created that are exact replicas of the original molecule.
Fossil
Extinction
DNA
Intraspecific
42. ___________ is a specific explanation of similarity of form seen in the biological world. In genetics - it is used in reference to protein or DNA sequences - meaning that the given sequences share ancestry.
Species
Natural selection
Homology
Protoplasm
43. Despite their image as brutish simpletons - _____________were the first humans to bury their dead with artifacts - indicating abstract thought - perhaps a belief in an after-life.
Analogy
Neanderthals
Genetic
Chance
44. Primates evolved about approximately 30 million years ago in ___________. One branch of primates evolved into the Old and New World Monkeys - the other into the hominoids (the line of descent common to both apes and man).
Founder.
Genetic
Africa
Sickle Cell
45. According to Darwin - in spite of the high reproductive potential - the number of individuals in a species remains relatively constant - suggesting _____________ for existence.
Struggle
Sexually
Protoplasm
Mimicry
46. Heritable variations are called _____________ variations. Such variations arising from changes in DNA are passed on within families and to the offspring from the parents.
Genetic
Seven
Sympatric
Monera
47. ___________ speciation happens when members of a population develop some genetic difference that prevents them from reproducing with the parent type.
Sympatric
Homo
Triassic
Sickle Cell
48. A ____________ tree is a graphical means to depict the evolutionary relationships of a group of organisms.
Balanced
Comparative anatomy.
Phylogenetic
Baseline
49. The Linnaean system uses two Latin name categories - ________ and species - to designate each type of organism.
Genetic
Mimicry
Adaptive radiation
Genus
50. Speciation by ____________ Equilibrium involves a group of creatures which gets isolated from the rest of their species.
Protista
Mutations
Evolution
Punctuated