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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution
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Subjects
:
clep
,
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. About 2 million years ago - two groups developed: the australopithecines - generally smaller brained and not users of tools; and the line that led to genus _________ - larger brained and makers and users of tools.
Differential
Mammals.
Homo
Macroscopic.
2. There are certain animals with intermediate characters between two major groups of animals. They are called ___________ _____.
Interspecific
Elongation
Connecting links
Monera
3. In general if two genes have an almost identical DNA sequence - it is likely that they are ____________.
Elongation
Homologous
Fire
Chance
4. In the 1680s Ariaantje and Gerrit Jansz emigrated from Holland to South Africa - one of them bringing along an allele for the mild metabolic disease porphyria. Today more than 30000 South Africans carry this allele and - in every case examined - can
Mutations
Connecting links
Fire
Founder.
5. According to Darwin - in spite of the high reproductive potential - the number of individuals in a species remains relatively constant - suggesting _____________ for existence.
Homology
Interspecific
Struggle
Chordata
6. Homology is also seen in the structure of eye - brain - joint appendages of arthropods - etc. It is thus evidence for ____________.
Protoplasm
Allele
Evolution
Mass
7. Because organisms are continually tested by their changing ______________ - their forms change to suit new conditions.
Extinction
Fossil
Environment
Mimicry
8. The Neolithic transition - about 10 -000 years ago - involved the change from __________-__________ societies to agricultural ones based on cultivation of plants and domesticated animals.
Balanced
Baseline
Phylogenetic
Hunter-gatherer
9. ___________ is a specific explanation of similarity of form seen in the biological world. In genetics - it is used in reference to protein or DNA sequences - meaning that the given sequences share ancestry.
Allopatric
Function
Homology
Biodiversity
10. Except for the tail fins - whales greatly resemble fish in outline - but are instead descended from four-legged land ___________.
Natural selection
Neanderthals
Microevolution
Mammals.
11. Primates evolved about approximately 30 million years ago in ___________. One branch of primates evolved into the Old and New World Monkeys - the other into the hominoids (the line of descent common to both apes and man).
Polymorphism
Interbreed
Species
Africa
12. ___________ evolution is an evolutionary process in which organisms not closely related independently acquire some characteristic or characteristics in common.
Mammals.
Founder.
Convergent
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
13. Insect ____________ is also an example of convergent evolution - as for example when an edible (palatable) butterfly develops a color pattern similar to a relatively unrelated inedible (unpalatable) butterfly - and by so doing escapes being eaten.
Out-of-Africa
Mimicry
Interspecific
Genetic
14. __________ are the remains of organisms that lived in the past.
Sympatric
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Creationism
Microevolution
15. Animals and plants show variations in physical structure. Some of these variations are simply caused by external conditions (environmental) - such as accidents - temperature - food abundance - etc.. ___________ variations have no effect on evolution
Adaptive radiation
Beneficial
Cold
Somatic
16. ______________ struggle is the struggle of organisms against the physical environment.
Allopatric
Bipedal
Environmental
Fungi
17. As populations diverge - they form similar but related species. When are two populations new species? When populations no longer _____________ they are thought to be separate species.
Interbreed
Homo
Homo erectus
Finches
18. _________ evidence shows that the horse has undergone considerable evolutionary change over a period of 60 million years.
Punctuated
Evolved
Intraspecific
Fossil
19. A comparative study of physiology and biochemistry also supports the common origin for different organisms. The _____________ of all organisms cells is more or less same in composition.
Sickle Cell
Triassic
Protoplasm
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
20. An important step toward the modern theory of evolution came in the 1760's - when Count George-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1707-1788) published his Natural History of Animals with the idea that species __________ over time.
Change
33 phyla
Environmental
Macroscopic.
21. Organisms struggle for existence. Organisms with advantageous characters survive - while those which lack such variations perish. The advantageous characters are passed on to the offsprings generation after generation and the organisms become better
Analogy
Homology
Natural selection
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
22. When carriers have advantages that allow a detrimental allele to persist in a population - ______________ polymorphism is at work.
Evolved
Balanced
DNA
Macroscopic.
23. In species which reproduce _____________ - extinction of a species is generally inevitable when there is only one individual of that species left - or only individuals of a single sex.
Africa
Homologous
Sexually
Genus
24. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck (1744-1829) developed one of the first theories on how species changed. Lamarck - in 1809 - concluded that organisms of higher complexity had __________ from preexisting - less complex organisms.
Evolved
Allele
33 phyla
Protoplasm
25. The most recent mass extinction - the K-T extinction at the end of the Cretaceous period - is best known for having wiped out the __________ .
Dinosaurs
Interbreed
Africa
Triassic
26. Populations begin to diverge when gene flow between them is restricted. Geographic isolation is often the first step in ____________ speciation.
Change
Allopatric
Natural selection
Evolved
27. Homo erectus was the first hominid to use ___________ - and have social structures for food gathering.
Sympatric
Fire
Evolution
Extinction
28. There are at least ___________ of animals. Humans are members of the phylum Chordata.
Founder.
Protista
Mutations
33 phyla
29. Almost all living organisms use the same basic biochemical molecules - including DNA - ATP - and many identical or nearly identical enzymes. Organisms utilize the same DNA triplet base _________ and the same 20 amino acids in their proteins
Taxonomy
Fire
Code
Homology
30. Heritable variations are called _____________ variations. Such variations arising from changes in DNA are passed on within families and to the offspring from the parents.
Beneficial
33 phyla
Genetic
Increase
31. Biodiversity crashes during ________ extinctions. This has been a powerful force in evolution - wiping the slate clean of up to 96% of all species - and providing the survivors with a world full of opportunities into which they can diversify.
Allopatric
Environmental
Homologous
Mass
32. Any change of _________ frequencies in a gene pool indicates that evolution has occurred. The Hardy-Weinberg law proposes that those factors that violate the conditions listed - cause evolution.
Evolution
Allele
Kingdom
Baseline
33. The _______-_________ Law states that an equilibrium of allele frequencies in a gene pool remains in effect in each succeeding generation of a sexually reproducing population if five conditions are met.
Hardy-Weinberg
Primates
Polymorphism
Struggle
34. At the molecular level - life's ability to reproduce begins with the replication of ____________ - during which two new spirals are created that are exact replicas of the original molecule.
Environmental
DNA
Elongation
Phylogenetic
35. Almost all _________ organisms are either plants or animals.
Protista
Adaptive radiation
Macroscopic.
Evolution
36. _____________ is the end of a particular evolutionary line - the end of a species - a family - or a larger group of organisms.
Microevolution
Sexually
Seven
Extinction
37. Scientific classification sorts living organisms by _________ levels of classification - kingdom; phylum; class; order; family; genus; and species.
Homo
Protista
Somatic
Seven
38. The Linnaean system uses two Latin name categories - ________ and species - to designate each type of organism.
Fungi
Genus
DNA
Mutations
39. The Regional ___________ Hypothesis suggests that regional populations of H. erectus evolved into H. sapiens through interbreeding between the various populations.
Continuity
Hunter-gatherer
Bipedal
Allele
40. _____________ is the accumulation of small changes in a gene pool over a relatively short period.
Genetic drift
Elongation
Microevolution
Homo
41. The ______-____-______ Hypothesis proposes that some Homo erectus remained in Africa and continued to evolve into Homo sapiens - and left Africa about 100 -000-200 -000 years ago. From a single source - Homo sapiens replaced all populations of Homo e
Natural selection
Homo
Out-of-Africa
Genetic
42. Homology has to be distinguished from ___________; for instance - the wings of insects and the wings of birds are analogous but not homologous.
Analogy
Primates
Monera
Oxygen
43. ____________ organs are formed on the same basic plan though they may be modified variously to perform different functions. They must have a common ancestral structure which gave rise to different modifications.
Allopatric
Homologous
Fire
Analogy
44. Extinctions - mostly at the level of species - have been occurring constantly at a low 'background rate' - usually matched by the rate at which new species appear - with the result that ____________ is constantly increasing.
Neanderthals
Biodiversity
Finches
Primates
45. _________ ______ disease causes anemia - joint pain - a swollen spleen - and frequent - severe infections. It illustrates balanced polymorphism because carriers are resistant to malaria - an infection by the parasite that causes cycles of chills and
Embryos
Microevolution
Mimicry
Sickle Cell
46. For humans - the complete classification is: Kingdom (Animalia); Phylum (__________); Class (Mammalia); Order (Primates); Family (Hominidae); Genus (Homo); Species (Sapiens).
Allopatric
Evolution
Chordata
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
47. Mammals developed from primitive mammal-like reptiles during the __________ Period - some 200-245 million years ago.
Binomial
Adaptive radiation
Triassic
Somatic
48. An allele may increase - or decrease - in frequency simply through ___________. Not every member of the population will become a parent and not every set of parents will produce the same number of offspring.
Genus
Extinction
Chance
Triassic
49. Some important structural changes during the evolution of horse are: Increase in size from 11' (Eohippus) to about 60' (Equus) - and ___________ of the head and neck so as that it can reach the ground.
Elongation
Extinction
Intraspecific
Neanderthals
50. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of the same species.
Mimicry
Intraspecific
Finches
Change