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CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution

Subjects : clep, science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Heritable variations are called _____________ variations. Such variations arising from changes in DNA are passed on within families and to the offspring from the parents.






2. When Charles Darwin was in the Galapagos islands - one of the first things he noticed is the variety of ___________ that existed on each of the islands.






3. The mutation may be harmful (resulting in a reduced probability of survival for the organism involved) - ____________ (it might also do its intended job better) or merely neutral (no effect at all).






4. An allele may increase - or decrease - in frequency simply through ___________. Not every member of the population will become a parent and not every set of parents will produce the same number of offspring.






5. Charles Darwin published a book The Origin of Species in the year 1859. He proposed that the new species came about by a process called ___________ __________.






6. Insect ____________ is also an example of convergent evolution - as for example when an edible (palatable) butterfly develops a color pattern similar to a relatively unrelated inedible (unpalatable) butterfly - and by so doing escapes being eaten.






7. The most recent mass extinction - the K-T extinction at the end of the Cretaceous period - is best known for having wiped out the __________ .






8. Homology is also seen in the structure of eye - brain - joint appendages of arthropods - etc. It is thus evidence for ____________.






9. Humans who have produced offspring that successfully live in a ________ environment tend to be broader and smaller in stature while hotter environments are occupied by thinner taller humans.






10. The ______-____-______ Hypothesis proposes that some Homo erectus remained in Africa and continued to evolve into Homo sapiens - and left Africa about 100 -000-200 -000 years ago. From a single source - Homo sapiens replaced all populations of Homo e






11. A ____________ tree is a graphical means to depict the evolutionary relationships of a group of organisms.






12. The only kingdom which consists of prokaryotes is the __________ kingdom.






13. _____________ can occur randomly - from radiation damage (impact with high energy g-rays or cosmic rays) - from exposure to chemical agents called mutagens - or simply by error in the DNA replication process.






14. As the finch population began to flourish in these advantageous conditions - ______________ competition became a factor - and resources on the islands were squeezed and could not sustain the population of the finches for long.






15. Linnaeus placed all monkeys and apes along with humans into the order _________






16. Some important structural changes during the evolution of horse are: Increase in size from 11' (Eohippus) to about 60' (Equus) - and ___________ of the head and neck so as that it can reach the ground.






17. ___________ speciation happens when members of a population develop some genetic difference that prevents them from reproducing with the parent type.






18. In general if two genes have an almost identical DNA sequence - it is likely that they are ____________.






19. __________ are the remains of organisms that lived in the past.






20. As populations diverge - they form similar but related species. When are two populations new species? When populations no longer _____________ they are thought to be separate species.






21. The ____________ mammals occupy Australia - and differ from placental mammals because they bear their young inside a pouch (instead of a placenta).






22. The Linnaean system uses two Latin name categories - ________ and species - to designate each type of organism.






23. A Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium provides a ___________ by which to judge whether evolution has occurred.






24. Speciation by ____________ Equilibrium involves a group of creatures which gets isolated from the rest of their species.






25. ______________ struggle is the struggle of organisms against the physical environment.






26. ___________ evolution is an evolutionary process in which organisms not closely related independently acquire some characteristic or characteristics in common.






27. The __________ kingdom consists of one-celled organisms as well - but differs from the Monera kingdom in that it consists of eukaryotes.






28. Almost all living organisms use the same basic biochemical molecules - including DNA - ATP - and many identical or nearly identical enzymes. Organisms utilize the same DNA triplet base _________ and the same 20 amino acids in their proteins






29. Homo erectus was the first hominid to use ___________ - and have social structures for food gathering.






30. Animals and plants show variations in physical structure. Some of these variations are simply caused by external conditions (environmental) - such as accidents - temperature - food abundance - etc.. ___________ variations have no effect on evolution






31. _____________ is the end of a particular evolutionary line - the end of a species - a family - or a larger group of organisms.






32. Such a dual level designation is referred to as a _________ nomenclature.






33. Except for the tail fins - whales greatly resemble fish in outline - but are instead descended from four-legged land ___________.






34. _____________ is the accumulation of small changes in a gene pool over a relatively short period.






35. Prior to the scientific discoveries of the past 200 years - _____________ from the Book Of Genesis described how living things came into being.






36. Most anthropologists agree that the ______ _______ was populated by a series of three migrations over the temporary land connection between Asia and North America.






37. An important step toward the modern theory of evolution came in the 1760's - when Count George-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1707-1788) published his Natural History of Animals with the idea that species __________ over time.






38. The early stages of development of the ___________ of fish - salamander - tortoise - hen and man show remarkable similarity.






39. At some time in their life cycle - chordates have a pair of lateral gill slits or pouches used to obtain __________ in a liquid environment.






40. If a population began with a few individuals - one or more of whom carried a particular allele - that allele may come to be represented in many of the descendants. This is known as ____________.






41. Biodiversity crashes during ________ extinctions. This has been a powerful force in evolution - wiping the slate clean of up to 96% of all species - and providing the survivors with a world full of opportunities into which they can diversify.






42. About 1.8 million years ago - early Homo gave rise to _______ ________ - the species thought to have been ancestral to our own.






43. Extinctions - mostly at the level of species - have been occurring constantly at a low 'background rate' - usually matched by the rate at which new species appear - with the result that ____________ is constantly increasing.






44. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of the same species.






45. Populations begin to diverge when gene flow between them is restricted. Geographic isolation is often the first step in ____________ speciation.






46. Humans are ____________ - meaning we walk on two of our limbs. The amount of melanin in our skin is representative of the environment we live in - i.e. dark skinned people occupy hotter climates.






47. A comparative study of physiology and biochemistry also supports the common origin for different organisms. The _____________ of all organisms cells is more or less same in composition.






48. According to Darwin - in spite of the high reproductive potential - the number of individuals in a species remains relatively constant - suggesting _____________ for existence.






49. _______________ is that branch of biology dealing with the identification and naming of organisms.






50. The _______-_________ Law states that an equilibrium of allele frequencies in a gene pool remains in effect in each succeeding generation of a sexually reproducing population if five conditions are met.







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