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CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution

Subjects : clep, science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A comparative study of physiology and biochemistry also supports the common origin for different organisms. The _____________ of all organisms cells is more or less same in composition.






2. When carriers have advantages that allow a detrimental allele to persist in a population - ______________ polymorphism is at work.






3. Differential reproduction allows one species to gradually evolve into a new species. This is the process of ____________.






4. According to Darwin - in spite of the high reproductive potential - the number of individuals in a species remains relatively constant - suggesting _____________ for existence.






5. There are certain animals with intermediate characters between two major groups of animals. They are called ___________ _____.






6. _____________ is the accumulation of small changes in a gene pool over a relatively short period.






7. Almost all _________ organisms are either plants or animals.






8. Populations begin to diverge when gene flow between them is restricted. Geographic isolation is often the first step in ____________ speciation.






9. The study of ____________ ____________ supports the claim of a common origin of organisms.






10. Homology has to be distinguished from ___________; for instance - the wings of insects and the wings of birds are analogous but not homologous.






11. ____________ reproduction - whether reproduction proceeds with lesser or greater success - is central to the process of natural selection; it determines whether a given mutation becomes established in the general population.






12. Humans who have produced offspring that successfully live in a ________ environment tend to be broader and smaller in stature while hotter environments are occupied by thinner taller humans.






13. Most anthropologists agree that the ______ _______ was populated by a series of three migrations over the temporary land connection between Asia and North America.






14. The __________ kingdom consists of one-celled organisms as well - but differs from the Monera kingdom in that it consists of eukaryotes.






15. All organisms are placed into one of five kingdoms: Monera - Protista - ________ - Plantae - Animalia.






16. An allele may increase - or decrease - in frequency simply through ___________. Not every member of the population will become a parent and not every set of parents will produce the same number of offspring.






17. An important step toward the modern theory of evolution came in the 1760's - when Count George-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1707-1788) published his Natural History of Animals with the idea that species __________ over time.






18. In species which reproduce _____________ - extinction of a species is generally inevitable when there is only one individual of that species left - or only individuals of a single sex.






19. _________ evidence shows that the horse has undergone considerable evolutionary change over a period of 60 million years.






20. Except for the tail fins - whales greatly resemble fish in outline - but are instead descended from four-legged land ___________.






21. There are at least ___________ of animals. Humans are members of the phylum Chordata.






22. Extinctions - mostly at the level of species - have been occurring constantly at a low 'background rate' - usually matched by the rate at which new species appear - with the result that ____________ is constantly increasing.






23. A ___________ can be defined as one or more populations of interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated in nature from all other organisms.






24. Charles Darwin published a book The Origin of Species in the year 1859. He proposed that the new species came about by a process called ___________ __________.






25. A Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium provides a ___________ by which to judge whether evolution has occurred.






26. When Charles Darwin was in the Galapagos islands - one of the first things he noticed is the variety of ___________ that existed on each of the islands.






27. In general if two genes have an almost identical DNA sequence - it is likely that they are ____________.






28. Because organisms are continually tested by their changing ______________ - their forms change to suit new conditions.






29. Homo erectus was the first hominid to use ___________ - and have social structures for food gathering.






30. The Linnaean system uses two Latin name categories - ________ and species - to designate each type of organism.






31. About 1.8 million years ago - early Homo gave rise to _______ ________ - the species thought to have been ancestral to our own.






32. The most recent mass extinction - the K-T extinction at the end of the Cretaceous period - is best known for having wiped out the __________ .






33. The early stages of development of the ___________ of fish - salamander - tortoise - hen and man show remarkable similarity.






34. Organisms struggle for existence. Organisms with advantageous characters survive - while those which lack such variations perish. The advantageous characters are passed on to the offsprings generation after generation and the organisms become better






35. Any change of _________ frequencies in a gene pool indicates that evolution has occurred. The Hardy-Weinberg law proposes that those factors that violate the conditions listed - cause evolution.






36. The ____________ mammals occupy Australia - and differ from placental mammals because they bear their young inside a pouch (instead of a placenta).






37. Immediately below kingdom is the _________ level of classification. At this level - animals are grouped together based on similarities in basic body plan or organization.






38. __________ are the remains of organisms that lived in the past.






39. _____________ can occur randomly - from radiation damage (impact with high energy g-rays or cosmic rays) - from exposure to chemical agents called mutagens - or simply by error in the DNA replication process.






40. Primates evolved about approximately 30 million years ago in ___________. One branch of primates evolved into the Old and New World Monkeys - the other into the hominoids (the line of descent common to both apes and man).






41. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of different species.






42. Members of the phylum _____________ have soft - unsegmented bodies that are usually - but not always - enclosed in hard shells.






43. _______________ is that branch of biology dealing with the identification and naming of organisms.






44. Mammals developed from primitive mammal-like reptiles during the __________ Period - some 200-245 million years ago.






45. Darwin's Finches illustrated ___________ ____________. This is where species all deriving from a common ancestor have over time successfully adapted to their environment via natural selection.






46. In a genetic drift the entire population may become homozygous for the allele or - equally likely - the allele may disappear. Before either of these fates occurs - the allele represents a Polymorphism. This is a case of polymorphism through...






47. A ____________ tree is a graphical means to depict the evolutionary relationships of a group of organisms.






48. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of the same species.






49. The highest category in the Linnaean system of classification is the __________. At this level - organisms are distinguished on the basis of cellular organization and methods of nutrition.






50. The ______-____-______ Hypothesis proposes that some Homo erectus remained in Africa and continued to evolve into Homo sapiens - and left Africa about 100 -000-200 -000 years ago. From a single source - Homo sapiens replaced all populations of Homo e