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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution
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Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Heritable variations are called _____________ variations. Such variations arising from changes in DNA are passed on within families and to the offspring from the parents.
Evolved
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Bipedal
Genetic
2. The Regional ___________ Hypothesis suggests that regional populations of H. erectus evolved into H. sapiens through interbreeding between the various populations.
Seven
Continuity
Taxonomy
Analogy
3. The _______-_________ Law states that an equilibrium of allele frequencies in a gene pool remains in effect in each succeeding generation of a sexually reproducing population if five conditions are met.
Homo erectus
Bipedal
Hardy-Weinberg
Fossil
4. If a population began with a few individuals - one or more of whom carried a particular allele - that allele may come to be represented in many of the descendants. This is known as ____________.
Polymorphism
Monera
Baseline
Macroscopic.
5. Some important structural changes during the evolution of horse are: Increase in size from 11' (Eohippus) to about 60' (Equus) - and ___________ of the head and neck so as that it can reach the ground.
Biodiversity
Intraspecific
Natural selection
Elongation
6. __________ are the remains of organisms that lived in the past.
Homo
Genus
Increase
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
7. ____________ reproduction - whether reproduction proceeds with lesser or greater success - is central to the process of natural selection; it determines whether a given mutation becomes established in the general population.
Differential
Genus
Natural selection
Fossil
8. _______________ is that branch of biology dealing with the identification and naming of organisms.
Taxonomy
Embryos
Mimicry
Balanced
9. Speciation by ____________ Equilibrium involves a group of creatures which gets isolated from the rest of their species.
Chordata
Natural selection
Punctuated
Mutations
10. As populations diverge - they form similar but related species. When are two populations new species? When populations no longer _____________ they are thought to be separate species.
Protoplasm
Interbreed
Homologous
Comparative anatomy.
11. An allele may increase - or decrease - in frequency simply through ___________. Not every member of the population will become a parent and not every set of parents will produce the same number of offspring.
Increase
Chance
Homo erectus
Differential
12. Homology is also seen in the structure of eye - brain - joint appendages of arthropods - etc. It is thus evidence for ____________.
Protoplasm
Evolution
Environment
Somatic
13. Darwin's Finches illustrated ___________ ____________. This is where species all deriving from a common ancestor have over time successfully adapted to their environment via natural selection.
Adaptive radiation
Mammals.
Evolution
Monera
14. There are certain animals with intermediate characters between two major groups of animals. They are called ___________ _____.
Evolution
Connecting links
Mutations
Genus
15. Members of the phylum _____________ have soft - unsegmented bodies that are usually - but not always - enclosed in hard shells.
Intraspecific
Primates
Mollusca
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
16. A Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium provides a ___________ by which to judge whether evolution has occurred.
Interbreed
Balanced
Baseline
Founder.
17. Such a dual level designation is referred to as a _________ nomenclature.
DNA
Africa
Homologous
Binomial
18. Primates evolved about approximately 30 million years ago in ___________. One branch of primates evolved into the Old and New World Monkeys - the other into the hominoids (the line of descent common to both apes and man).
Mutations
Africa
Protista
Finches
19. Most anthropologists agree that the ______ _______ was populated by a series of three migrations over the temporary land connection between Asia and North America.
Fungi
New World
Fire
33 phyla
20. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck (1744-1829) developed one of the first theories on how species changed. Lamarck - in 1809 - concluded that organisms of higher complexity had __________ from preexisting - less complex organisms.
Evolved
Species
Connecting links
Mammals.
21. About 1.8 million years ago - early Homo gave rise to _______ ________ - the species thought to have been ancestral to our own.
Homo erectus
Genetic
Out-of-Africa
Chordata
22. Homo erectus was the first hominid to use ___________ - and have social structures for food gathering.
Microevolution
Mammals.
Continuity
Fire
23. A ____________ tree is a graphical means to depict the evolutionary relationships of a group of organisms.
Phylogenetic
Increase
Fossil
New World
24. In the 1680s Ariaantje and Gerrit Jansz emigrated from Holland to South Africa - one of them bringing along an allele for the mild metabolic disease porphyria. Today more than 30000 South Africans carry this allele and - in every case examined - can
Founder.
Intraspecific
Bipedal
DNA
25. Any change of _________ frequencies in a gene pool indicates that evolution has occurred. The Hardy-Weinberg law proposes that those factors that violate the conditions listed - cause evolution.
Allele
DNA
Protoplasm
Interspecific
26. The highest category in the Linnaean system of classification is the __________. At this level - organisms are distinguished on the basis of cellular organization and methods of nutrition.
Kingdom
DNA
Intraspecific
Evolution
27. _____________ can occur randomly - from radiation damage (impact with high energy g-rays or cosmic rays) - from exposure to chemical agents called mutagens - or simply by error in the DNA replication process.
Mutations
Interspecific
Hardy-Weinberg
Code
28. The early stages of development of the ___________ of fish - salamander - tortoise - hen and man show remarkable similarity.
Homo
Embryos
Finches
Increase
29. Mammals developed from primitive mammal-like reptiles during the __________ Period - some 200-245 million years ago.
Bipedal
Extinction
Beneficial
Triassic
30. Almost all living organisms use the same basic biochemical molecules - including DNA - ATP - and many identical or nearly identical enzymes. Organisms utilize the same DNA triplet base _________ and the same 20 amino acids in their proteins
Interbreed
Code
Species
Dinosaurs
31. Charles Darwin published a book The Origin of Species in the year 1859. He proposed that the new species came about by a process called ___________ __________.
Triassic
Natural selection
Primates
Homologous
32. Extinctions - mostly at the level of species - have been occurring constantly at a low 'background rate' - usually matched by the rate at which new species appear - with the result that ____________ is constantly increasing.
Biodiversity
Beneficial
Sexually
Struggle
33. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of different species.
Homo erectus
Kingdom
Interspecific
Founder.
34. _________ evidence shows that the horse has undergone considerable evolutionary change over a period of 60 million years.
Fossil
Creationism
Protoplasm
Evolution
35. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of the same species.
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Species
Protoplasm
Intraspecific
36. ____________ organs are formed on the same basic plan though they may be modified variously to perform different functions. They must have a common ancestral structure which gave rise to different modifications.
Fossil
Elongation
Homologous
Macroscopic.
37. Because organisms are continually tested by their changing ______________ - their forms change to suit new conditions.
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Seven
Sympatric
Environment
38. Organisms struggle for existence. Organisms with advantageous characters survive - while those which lack such variations perish. The advantageous characters are passed on to the offsprings generation after generation and the organisms become better
Homologous
Connecting links
Cold
Natural selection
39. Homology has to be distinguished from ___________; for instance - the wings of insects and the wings of birds are analogous but not homologous.
33 phyla
Analogy
Homologous
Chance
40. Animals and plants show variations in physical structure. Some of these variations are simply caused by external conditions (environmental) - such as accidents - temperature - food abundance - etc.. ___________ variations have no effect on evolution
Analogy
Genetic
Chance
Somatic
41. Despite their image as brutish simpletons - _____________were the first humans to bury their dead with artifacts - indicating abstract thought - perhaps a belief in an after-life.
Neanderthals
Mass
Somatic
Beneficial
42. ______________ struggle is the struggle of organisms against the physical environment.
Environment
Environmental
Differential
Protoplasm
43. Scientific classification sorts living organisms by _________ levels of classification - kingdom; phylum; class; order; family; genus; and species.
Seven
Continuity
Struggle
Hardy-Weinberg
44. The only kingdom which consists of prokaryotes is the __________ kingdom.
Monera
Convergent
Adaptive radiation
Bipedal
45. The ______-____-______ Hypothesis proposes that some Homo erectus remained in Africa and continued to evolve into Homo sapiens - and left Africa about 100 -000-200 -000 years ago. From a single source - Homo sapiens replaced all populations of Homo e
Function
Dinosaurs
Genetic
Out-of-Africa
46. The Neolithic transition - about 10 -000 years ago - involved the change from __________-__________ societies to agricultural ones based on cultivation of plants and domesticated animals.
Hunter-gatherer
Interbreed
Neanderthals
Homology
47. ___________ speciation happens when members of a population develop some genetic difference that prevents them from reproducing with the parent type.
Sympatric
Monera
Comparative anatomy.
Mammals.
48. _________ ______ disease causes anemia - joint pain - a swollen spleen - and frequent - severe infections. It illustrates balanced polymorphism because carriers are resistant to malaria - an infection by the parasite that causes cycles of chills and
Creationism
Evolution
Hunter-gatherer
Sickle Cell
49. The mutation may be harmful (resulting in a reduced probability of survival for the organism involved) - ____________ (it might also do its intended job better) or merely neutral (no effect at all).
Founder.
Cold
Homo
Beneficial
50. Prior to the scientific discoveries of the past 200 years - _____________ from the Book Of Genesis described how living things came into being.
Macroscopic.
Creationism
Fungi
Phylogenetic