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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution
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Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. At some time in their life cycle - chordates have a pair of lateral gill slits or pouches used to obtain __________ in a liquid environment.
Protista
Embryos
Oxygen
Triassic
2. Homology has to be distinguished from ___________; for instance - the wings of insects and the wings of birds are analogous but not homologous.
Analogy
Convergent
Natural selection
Binomial
3. Primates evolved about approximately 30 million years ago in ___________. One branch of primates evolved into the Old and New World Monkeys - the other into the hominoids (the line of descent common to both apes and man).
Connecting links
Africa
Homologous
Interbreed
4. Populations begin to diverge when gene flow between them is restricted. Geographic isolation is often the first step in ____________ speciation.
Neanderthals
Differential
Fire
Allopatric
5. Except for the tail fins - whales greatly resemble fish in outline - but are instead descended from four-legged land ___________.
Mammals.
Embryos
Triassic
Mimicry
6. A ___________ can be defined as one or more populations of interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated in nature from all other organisms.
Protista
Differential
Extinction
Species
7. When carriers have advantages that allow a detrimental allele to persist in a population - ______________ polymorphism is at work.
Evolution
Balanced
Change
Founder.
8. The Neolithic transition - about 10 -000 years ago - involved the change from __________-__________ societies to agricultural ones based on cultivation of plants and domesticated animals.
Hunter-gatherer
Hardy-Weinberg
Phylogenetic
Out-of-Africa
9. _____________ is the end of a particular evolutionary line - the end of a species - a family - or a larger group of organisms.
Punctuated
Monera
Convergent
Extinction
10. _____________ can occur randomly - from radiation damage (impact with high energy g-rays or cosmic rays) - from exposure to chemical agents called mutagens - or simply by error in the DNA replication process.
Mutations
Intraspecific
Species
Bipedal
11. The mutation may be harmful (resulting in a reduced probability of survival for the organism involved) - ____________ (it might also do its intended job better) or merely neutral (no effect at all).
Triassic
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Beneficial
Out-of-Africa
12. A Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium provides a ___________ by which to judge whether evolution has occurred.
Mimicry
Monera
New World
Baseline
13. Darwin's Finches illustrated ___________ ____________. This is where species all deriving from a common ancestor have over time successfully adapted to their environment via natural selection.
Fire
Neanderthals
Adaptive radiation
Homology
14. Heritable variations are called _____________ variations. Such variations arising from changes in DNA are passed on within families and to the offspring from the parents.
Adaptive radiation
Function
Genetic
Homologous
15. Animals and plants show variations in physical structure. Some of these variations are simply caused by external conditions (environmental) - such as accidents - temperature - food abundance - etc.. ___________ variations have no effect on evolution
Somatic
Chance
Beneficial
Punctuated
16. If a population began with a few individuals - one or more of whom carried a particular allele - that allele may come to be represented in many of the descendants. This is known as ____________.
Environment
Triassic
Polymorphism
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
17. In the 1680s Ariaantje and Gerrit Jansz emigrated from Holland to South Africa - one of them bringing along an allele for the mild metabolic disease porphyria. Today more than 30000 South Africans carry this allele and - in every case examined - can
Founder.
Function
Sickle Cell
Africa
18. ___________ is a specific explanation of similarity of form seen in the biological world. In genetics - it is used in reference to protein or DNA sequences - meaning that the given sequences share ancestry.
Homo
Baseline
Homology
Protista
19. Organisms struggle for existence. Organisms with advantageous characters survive - while those which lack such variations perish. The advantageous characters are passed on to the offsprings generation after generation and the organisms become better
Beneficial
Struggle
Connecting links
Natural selection
20. ______________ struggle is the struggle of organisms against the physical environment.
Hunter-gatherer
Environmental
Function
Protista
21. __________ are the remains of organisms that lived in the past.
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Interspecific
Protista
Species
22. Linnaeus placed all monkeys and apes along with humans into the order _________
Protista
Sympatric
Binomial
Primates
23. _____________ is the accumulation of small changes in a gene pool over a relatively short period.
Evolved
Sexually
Continuity
Microevolution
24. In a genetic drift the entire population may become homozygous for the allele or - equally likely - the allele may disappear. Before either of these fates occurs - the allele represents a Polymorphism. This is a case of polymorphism through...
Sexually
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Genetic
Genetic drift
25. Extinctions - mostly at the level of species - have been occurring constantly at a low 'background rate' - usually matched by the rate at which new species appear - with the result that ____________ is constantly increasing.
Protoplasm
Analogy
Biodiversity
Polymorphism
26. Scientific classification sorts living organisms by _________ levels of classification - kingdom; phylum; class; order; family; genus; and species.
Phylum
Seven
Genetic drift
33 phyla
27. ____________ reproduction - whether reproduction proceeds with lesser or greater success - is central to the process of natural selection; it determines whether a given mutation becomes established in the general population.
Differential
Beneficial
Evolution
Elongation
28. The most recent mass extinction - the K-T extinction at the end of the Cretaceous period - is best known for having wiped out the __________ .
Dinosaurs
Genetic
Protista
Analogy
29. About 2 million years ago - two groups developed: the australopithecines - generally smaller brained and not users of tools; and the line that led to genus _________ - larger brained and makers and users of tools.
Homo
Creationism
Allopatric
Homology
30. All organisms are placed into one of five kingdoms: Monera - Protista - ________ - Plantae - Animalia.
Protoplasm
Fungi
New World
Binomial
31. For humans - the complete classification is: Kingdom (Animalia); Phylum (__________); Class (Mammalia); Order (Primates); Family (Hominidae); Genus (Homo); Species (Sapiens).
Species
Chordata
Function
Oxygen
32. In species which reproduce _____________ - extinction of a species is generally inevitable when there is only one individual of that species left - or only individuals of a single sex.
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Somatic
Sexually
Evolution
33. An allele may increase - or decrease - in frequency simply through ___________. Not every member of the population will become a parent and not every set of parents will produce the same number of offspring.
Chance
Seven
Binomial
Primates
34. Humans are ____________ - meaning we walk on two of our limbs. The amount of melanin in our skin is representative of the environment we live in - i.e. dark skinned people occupy hotter climates.
Bipedal
Macroscopic.
Neanderthals
Microevolution
35. The _______-_________ Law states that an equilibrium of allele frequencies in a gene pool remains in effect in each succeeding generation of a sexually reproducing population if five conditions are met.
Struggle
Seven
Comparative anatomy.
Hardy-Weinberg
36. When Charles Darwin was in the Galapagos islands - one of the first things he noticed is the variety of ___________ that existed on each of the islands.
Kingdom
Genus
Mass
Finches
37. Immediately below kingdom is the _________ level of classification. At this level - animals are grouped together based on similarities in basic body plan or organization.
Analogy
Intraspecific
Genus
Phylum
38. An important step toward the modern theory of evolution came in the 1760's - when Count George-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1707-1788) published his Natural History of Animals with the idea that species __________ over time.
Punctuated
Baseline
Code
Change
39. The __________ kingdom consists of one-celled organisms as well - but differs from the Monera kingdom in that it consists of eukaryotes.
Genus
Protista
Punctuated
Homologous
40. Insect ____________ is also an example of convergent evolution - as for example when an edible (palatable) butterfly develops a color pattern similar to a relatively unrelated inedible (unpalatable) butterfly - and by so doing escapes being eaten.
Change
Evolution
Genetic
Mimicry
41. Homology is also seen in the structure of eye - brain - joint appendages of arthropods - etc. It is thus evidence for ____________.
Seven
Evolved
Evolution
Phylum
42. Any change of _________ frequencies in a gene pool indicates that evolution has occurred. The Hardy-Weinberg law proposes that those factors that violate the conditions listed - cause evolution.
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Chordata
Allele
Continuity
43. ____________ organs are formed on the same basic plan though they may be modified variously to perform different functions. They must have a common ancestral structure which gave rise to different modifications.
Homo
Primates
Homologous
Biodiversity
44. As the finch population began to flourish in these advantageous conditions - ______________ competition became a factor - and resources on the islands were squeezed and could not sustain the population of the finches for long.
Genetic drift
Homologous
Intraspecific
Elongation
45. A ____________ tree is a graphical means to depict the evolutionary relationships of a group of organisms.
Intraspecific
Change
Genetic
Phylogenetic
46. Homology was defined by Darwin as similarity of structure and position - and distinguished from 'analogy -' which was defined as similarity of _____________ but not necessarily of structure and position.
Elongation
Adaptive radiation
Allopatric
Function
47. The highest category in the Linnaean system of classification is the __________. At this level - organisms are distinguished on the basis of cellular organization and methods of nutrition.
Kingdom
Adaptive radiation
Bipedal
Function
48. In general if two genes have an almost identical DNA sequence - it is likely that they are ____________.
Mass
Homologous
Somatic
Comparative anatomy.
49. The Linnaean system uses two Latin name categories - ________ and species - to designate each type of organism.
Sympatric
Fire
Out-of-Africa
Genus
50. About 1.8 million years ago - early Homo gave rise to _______ ________ - the species thought to have been ancestral to our own.
Homologous
Convergent
Homo erectus
Genetic