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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution
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Subjects
:
clep
,
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. As populations diverge - they form similar but related species. When are two populations new species? When populations no longer _____________ they are thought to be separate species.
Evolved
Interbreed
Founder.
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
2. Differential reproduction allows one species to gradually evolve into a new species. This is the process of ____________.
Phylum
Analogy
Evolution
Bipedal
3. Despite their image as brutish simpletons - _____________were the first humans to bury their dead with artifacts - indicating abstract thought - perhaps a belief in an after-life.
Punctuated
Mimicry
Neanderthals
Mass
4. Homology was defined by Darwin as similarity of structure and position - and distinguished from 'analogy -' which was defined as similarity of _____________ but not necessarily of structure and position.
Struggle
Function
Protista
Neanderthals
5. Animals and plants show variations in physical structure. Some of these variations are simply caused by external conditions (environmental) - such as accidents - temperature - food abundance - etc.. ___________ variations have no effect on evolution
Intraspecific
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
New World
Somatic
6. Organisms struggle for existence. Organisms with advantageous characters survive - while those which lack such variations perish. The advantageous characters are passed on to the offsprings generation after generation and the organisms become better
Phylum
Mollusca
Kingdom
Natural selection
7. About 2 million years ago - two groups developed: the australopithecines - generally smaller brained and not users of tools; and the line that led to genus _________ - larger brained and makers and users of tools.
Code
Homo
Cold
Hunter-gatherer
8. About 1.8 million years ago - early Homo gave rise to _______ ________ - the species thought to have been ancestral to our own.
Homologous
Homo erectus
Species
Primates
9. Primates evolved about approximately 30 million years ago in ___________. One branch of primates evolved into the Old and New World Monkeys - the other into the hominoids (the line of descent common to both apes and man).
Evolution
Connecting links
Embryos
Africa
10. Homology has to be distinguished from ___________; for instance - the wings of insects and the wings of birds are analogous but not homologous.
Analogy
Intraspecific
Species
Chance
11. _____________ can occur randomly - from radiation damage (impact with high energy g-rays or cosmic rays) - from exposure to chemical agents called mutagens - or simply by error in the DNA replication process.
Analogy
Neanderthals
Intraspecific
Mutations
12. In a genetic drift the entire population may become homozygous for the allele or - equally likely - the allele may disappear. Before either of these fates occurs - the allele represents a Polymorphism. This is a case of polymorphism through...
Genetic drift
Triassic
Evolution
Function
13. The mutation may be harmful (resulting in a reduced probability of survival for the organism involved) - ____________ (it might also do its intended job better) or merely neutral (no effect at all).
Sexually
Natural selection
Beneficial
New World
14. Humans are ____________ - meaning we walk on two of our limbs. The amount of melanin in our skin is representative of the environment we live in - i.e. dark skinned people occupy hotter climates.
Adaptive radiation
Natural selection
Bipedal
Genus
15. Homo erectus was the first hominid to use ___________ - and have social structures for food gathering.
Mammals.
Homologous
Homology
Fire
16. The __________ kingdom consists of one-celled organisms as well - but differs from the Monera kingdom in that it consists of eukaryotes.
Triassic
Environmental
Evolution
Protista
17. The early stages of development of the ___________ of fish - salamander - tortoise - hen and man show remarkable similarity.
Embryos
Fossil
Monera
Intraspecific
18. An important step toward the modern theory of evolution came in the 1760's - when Count George-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1707-1788) published his Natural History of Animals with the idea that species __________ over time.
Kingdom
Out-of-Africa
Change
Embryos
19. Humans who have produced offspring that successfully live in a ________ environment tend to be broader and smaller in stature while hotter environments are occupied by thinner taller humans.
Biodiversity
Cold
Creationism
Intraspecific
20. The study of ____________ ____________ supports the claim of a common origin of organisms.
Homologous
Mutations
Genetic
Comparative anatomy.
21. _______________ is that branch of biology dealing with the identification and naming of organisms.
Taxonomy
Phylum
Dinosaurs
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
22. Immediately below kingdom is the _________ level of classification. At this level - animals are grouped together based on similarities in basic body plan or organization.
Mammals.
Monera
Founder.
Phylum
23. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck (1744-1829) developed one of the first theories on how species changed. Lamarck - in 1809 - concluded that organisms of higher complexity had __________ from preexisting - less complex organisms.
Evolved
Environment
Microevolution
Chance
24. Prior to the scientific discoveries of the past 200 years - _____________ from the Book Of Genesis described how living things came into being.
Continuity
Oxygen
Creationism
Elongation
25. The Linnaean system uses two Latin name categories - ________ and species - to designate each type of organism.
Genetic
Balanced
Genus
Adaptive radiation
26. ___________ is a specific explanation of similarity of form seen in the biological world. In genetics - it is used in reference to protein or DNA sequences - meaning that the given sequences share ancestry.
Change
Extinction
Homologous
Homology
27. There are certain animals with intermediate characters between two major groups of animals. They are called ___________ _____.
Homologous
Differential
Connecting links
Comparative anatomy.
28. _________ evidence shows that the horse has undergone considerable evolutionary change over a period of 60 million years.
Mammals.
Finches
Chance
Fossil
29. Almost all _________ organisms are either plants or animals.
Macroscopic.
Homologous
Balanced
Phylogenetic
30. ___________ speciation happens when members of a population develop some genetic difference that prevents them from reproducing with the parent type.
Fungi
Genetic
Evolution
Sympatric
31. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of the same species.
Africa
Function
Intraspecific
Differential
32. When carriers have advantages that allow a detrimental allele to persist in a population - ______________ polymorphism is at work.
Balanced
Punctuated
Mollusca
Hardy-Weinberg
33. Most anthropologists agree that the ______ _______ was populated by a series of three migrations over the temporary land connection between Asia and North America.
New World
Fire
Environmental
Fungi
34. ______________ struggle is the struggle of organisms against the physical environment.
Oxygen
Environmental
Mammals.
Intraspecific
35. _____________ is the end of a particular evolutionary line - the end of a species - a family - or a larger group of organisms.
Species
Chordata
Convergent
Extinction
36. In general if two genes have an almost identical DNA sequence - it is likely that they are ____________.
Homologous
Fire
Comparative anatomy.
DNA
37. The only kingdom which consists of prokaryotes is the __________ kingdom.
Struggle
Bipedal
Monera
Oxygen
38. In the 1680s Ariaantje and Gerrit Jansz emigrated from Holland to South Africa - one of them bringing along an allele for the mild metabolic disease porphyria. Today more than 30000 South Africans carry this allele and - in every case examined - can
Founder.
Somatic
Intraspecific
Genetic drift
39. Speciation by ____________ Equilibrium involves a group of creatures which gets isolated from the rest of their species.
Sickle Cell
Convergent
Punctuated
Homologous
40. ____________ reproduction - whether reproduction proceeds with lesser or greater success - is central to the process of natural selection; it determines whether a given mutation becomes established in the general population.
Continuity
Mammals.
Differential
Microevolution
41. Almost all living organisms use the same basic biochemical molecules - including DNA - ATP - and many identical or nearly identical enzymes. Organisms utilize the same DNA triplet base _________ and the same 20 amino acids in their proteins
Protista
Homology
Code
Embryos
42. Scientific classification sorts living organisms by _________ levels of classification - kingdom; phylum; class; order; family; genus; and species.
Chance
Creationism
Seven
Taxonomy
43. Insect ____________ is also an example of convergent evolution - as for example when an edible (palatable) butterfly develops a color pattern similar to a relatively unrelated inedible (unpalatable) butterfly - and by so doing escapes being eaten.
Function
Founder.
Out-of-Africa
Mimicry
44. A ___________ can be defined as one or more populations of interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated in nature from all other organisms.
Species
Natural selection
Natural selection
Environment
45. If a population began with a few individuals - one or more of whom carried a particular allele - that allele may come to be represented in many of the descendants. This is known as ____________.
Homologous
Polymorphism
Dinosaurs
Function
46. All organisms are placed into one of five kingdoms: Monera - Protista - ________ - Plantae - Animalia.
Species
Fungi
Embryos
Triassic
47. The _______-_________ Law states that an equilibrium of allele frequencies in a gene pool remains in effect in each succeeding generation of a sexually reproducing population if five conditions are met.
Hardy-Weinberg
Embryos
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Genus
48. Extinctions - mostly at the level of species - have been occurring constantly at a low 'background rate' - usually matched by the rate at which new species appear - with the result that ____________ is constantly increasing.
Bipedal
Biodiversity
Homologous
Cold
49. When Charles Darwin was in the Galapagos islands - one of the first things he noticed is the variety of ___________ that existed on each of the islands.
Fossil
Homologous
Finches
Creationism
50. At some time in their life cycle - chordates have a pair of lateral gill slits or pouches used to obtain __________ in a liquid environment.
Genus
Convergent
Oxygen
Natural selection
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