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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution
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Subjects
:
clep
,
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. _________ evidence shows that the horse has undergone considerable evolutionary change over a period of 60 million years.
Fossil
Biodiversity
Evolved
Cold
2. About 2 million years ago - two groups developed: the australopithecines - generally smaller brained and not users of tools; and the line that led to genus _________ - larger brained and makers and users of tools.
Embryos
Homo
Mimicry
Somatic
3. Primates evolved about approximately 30 million years ago in ___________. One branch of primates evolved into the Old and New World Monkeys - the other into the hominoids (the line of descent common to both apes and man).
Homo erectus
Fire
Evolution
Africa
4. The Neolithic transition - about 10 -000 years ago - involved the change from __________-__________ societies to agricultural ones based on cultivation of plants and domesticated animals.
Hunter-gatherer
Cold
Polymorphism
Fungi
5. About 1.8 million years ago - early Homo gave rise to _______ ________ - the species thought to have been ancestral to our own.
Homo erectus
Interbreed
Chance
Cold
6. In a genetic drift the entire population may become homozygous for the allele or - equally likely - the allele may disappear. Before either of these fates occurs - the allele represents a Polymorphism. This is a case of polymorphism through...
33 phyla
Chordata
Hunter-gatherer
Genetic drift
7. Homology was defined by Darwin as similarity of structure and position - and distinguished from 'analogy -' which was defined as similarity of _____________ but not necessarily of structure and position.
Adaptive radiation
Function
Interbreed
Code
8. Humans are ____________ - meaning we walk on two of our limbs. The amount of melanin in our skin is representative of the environment we live in - i.e. dark skinned people occupy hotter climates.
Monera
Continuity
Bipedal
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
9. Biodiversity crashes during ________ extinctions. This has been a powerful force in evolution - wiping the slate clean of up to 96% of all species - and providing the survivors with a world full of opportunities into which they can diversify.
Analogy
Monera
Mass
Dinosaurs
10. Some important structural changes during the evolution of horse are: Increase in size from 11' (Eohippus) to about 60' (Equus) - and ___________ of the head and neck so as that it can reach the ground.
Seven
Elongation
Environment
Sexually
11. Organisms struggle for existence. Organisms with advantageous characters survive - while those which lack such variations perish. The advantageous characters are passed on to the offsprings generation after generation and the organisms become better
Fungi
Natural selection
Oxygen
Africa
12. Heritable variations are called _____________ variations. Such variations arising from changes in DNA are passed on within families and to the offspring from the parents.
Kingdom
Evolved
Genetic
Biodiversity
13. The early stages of development of the ___________ of fish - salamander - tortoise - hen and man show remarkable similarity.
Chordata
New World
Biodiversity
Embryos
14. Homology is also seen in the structure of eye - brain - joint appendages of arthropods - etc. It is thus evidence for ____________.
Cold
Evolution
Homo erectus
Genetic
15. All organisms are placed into one of five kingdoms: Monera - Protista - ________ - Plantae - Animalia.
Elongation
Fungi
Taxonomy
Monera
16. In species which reproduce _____________ - extinction of a species is generally inevitable when there is only one individual of that species left - or only individuals of a single sex.
Kingdom
Founder.
Sexually
Taxonomy
17. The only kingdom which consists of prokaryotes is the __________ kingdom.
Genetic drift
Monera
Evolved
Mutations
18. If a population began with a few individuals - one or more of whom carried a particular allele - that allele may come to be represented in many of the descendants. This is known as ____________.
Change
Kingdom
Polymorphism
Interspecific
19. The _______-_________ Law states that an equilibrium of allele frequencies in a gene pool remains in effect in each succeeding generation of a sexually reproducing population if five conditions are met.
Microevolution
Fire
Mammals.
Hardy-Weinberg
20. When carriers have advantages that allow a detrimental allele to persist in a population - ______________ polymorphism is at work.
Balanced
Biodiversity
Homo erectus
Mammals.
21. Homology has to be distinguished from ___________; for instance - the wings of insects and the wings of birds are analogous but not homologous.
Analogy
New World
Polymorphism
Phylogenetic
22. Any change of _________ frequencies in a gene pool indicates that evolution has occurred. The Hardy-Weinberg law proposes that those factors that violate the conditions listed - cause evolution.
Allele
Triassic
Protista
Struggle
23. The Regional ___________ Hypothesis suggests that regional populations of H. erectus evolved into H. sapiens through interbreeding between the various populations.
Out-of-Africa
Continuity
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Beneficial
24. Humans who have produced offspring that successfully live in a ________ environment tend to be broader and smaller in stature while hotter environments are occupied by thinner taller humans.
Chordata
Cold
Hunter-gatherer
Bipedal
25. Differential reproduction allows one species to gradually evolve into a new species. This is the process of ____________.
Function
Evolution
Phylum
Evolved
26. Immediately below kingdom is the _________ level of classification. At this level - animals are grouped together based on similarities in basic body plan or organization.
Mammals.
Phylum
Evolution
Creationism
27. __________ are the remains of organisms that lived in the past.
Homo erectus
Chordata
Fossils. A study of the fossil record helps to build a historical sequence of biological evolution of complex organisms from simple ancestors.
Function
28. ___________ is a specific explanation of similarity of form seen in the biological world. In genetics - it is used in reference to protein or DNA sequences - meaning that the given sequences share ancestry.
Homology
Genetic
Adaptive radiation
Sympatric
29. The Linnaean system uses two Latin name categories - ________ and species - to designate each type of organism.
Convergent
Genus
Protista
Seven
30. When Charles Darwin was in the Galapagos islands - one of the first things he noticed is the variety of ___________ that existed on each of the islands.
Sympatric
Finches
Balanced
Function
31. _____________ is the accumulation of small changes in a gene pool over a relatively short period.
Phylum
Balanced
Microevolution
Bipedal
32. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of different species.
Continuity
Hunter-gatherer
Interspecific
Mutations
33. Because organisms are continually tested by their changing ______________ - their forms change to suit new conditions.
Homo
Punctuated
Environment
Genus
34. In general if two genes have an almost identical DNA sequence - it is likely that they are ____________.
New World
Chance
Homologous
Elongation
35. Populations begin to diverge when gene flow between them is restricted. Geographic isolation is often the first step in ____________ speciation.
Biodiversity
Fungi
Homologous
Allopatric
36. The study of ____________ ____________ supports the claim of a common origin of organisms.
Interspecific
Creationism
Comparative anatomy.
33 phyla
37. A ___________ can be defined as one or more populations of interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated in nature from all other organisms.
Evolved
33 phyla
Species
Environmental
38. In the 1680s Ariaantje and Gerrit Jansz emigrated from Holland to South Africa - one of them bringing along an allele for the mild metabolic disease porphyria. Today more than 30000 South Africans carry this allele and - in every case examined - can
Microevolution
Founder.
Connecting links
Punctuated
39. Darwin reported that all organisms tend to _____________ in a geometric ratio provided there are no environmental checks. Even slow breeding animals like the elephant may theoretically give rise to 19 million descendants in a period of 750 years.
Homo
Struggle
Monera
Increase
40. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck (1744-1829) developed one of the first theories on how species changed. Lamarck - in 1809 - concluded that organisms of higher complexity had __________ from preexisting - less complex organisms.
Evolved
Function
Protoplasm
Environment
41. Homo erectus was the first hominid to use ___________ - and have social structures for food gathering.
Species
Fire
Intraspecific
Macroscopic.
42. ____________ organs are formed on the same basic plan though they may be modified variously to perform different functions. They must have a common ancestral structure which gave rise to different modifications.
Extinction
Out-of-Africa
Mutations
Homologous
43. Prior to the scientific discoveries of the past 200 years - _____________ from the Book Of Genesis described how living things came into being.
Homo
Creationism
Dinosaurs
Seven
44. An allele may increase - or decrease - in frequency simply through ___________. Not every member of the population will become a parent and not every set of parents will produce the same number of offspring.
Environmental
Genus
Chance
33 phyla
45. Speciation by ____________ Equilibrium involves a group of creatures which gets isolated from the rest of their species.
Macroscopic.
33 phyla
Africa
Punctuated
46. Scientific classification sorts living organisms by _________ levels of classification - kingdom; phylum; class; order; family; genus; and species.
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Embryos
Biodiversity
Seven
47. The mutation may be harmful (resulting in a reduced probability of survival for the organism involved) - ____________ (it might also do its intended job better) or merely neutral (no effect at all).
Mammals.
Evolved
Beneficial
Kingdom
48. The ____________ mammals occupy Australia - and differ from placental mammals because they bear their young inside a pouch (instead of a placenta).
Fungi
Increase
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Somatic
49. There are certain animals with intermediate characters between two major groups of animals. They are called ___________ _____.
Connecting links
Intraspecific
Environment
Allele
50. _____________ is the end of a particular evolutionary line - the end of a species - a family - or a larger group of organisms.
Extinction
Kingdom
Evolution
Homology
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