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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution
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Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In a genetic drift the entire population may become homozygous for the allele or - equally likely - the allele may disappear. Before either of these fates occurs - the allele represents a Polymorphism. This is a case of polymorphism through...
Genetic drift
Binomial
Allele
Macroscopic.
2. Heritable variations are called _____________ variations. Such variations arising from changes in DNA are passed on within families and to the offspring from the parents.
Sexually
Bipedal
Balanced
Genetic
3. ___________ is a specific explanation of similarity of form seen in the biological world. In genetics - it is used in reference to protein or DNA sequences - meaning that the given sequences share ancestry.
Fungi
Mammals.
Homology
Beneficial
4. At some time in their life cycle - chordates have a pair of lateral gill slits or pouches used to obtain __________ in a liquid environment.
Code
Oxygen
Mutations
Genetic drift
5. The study of ____________ ____________ supports the claim of a common origin of organisms.
Comparative anatomy.
Connecting links
Chordata
Environmental
6. _________ evidence shows that the horse has undergone considerable evolutionary change over a period of 60 million years.
Evolution
Mutations
Hardy-Weinberg
Fossil
7. When Charles Darwin was in the Galapagos islands - one of the first things he noticed is the variety of ___________ that existed on each of the islands.
Finches
Comparative anatomy.
Bipedal
Somatic
8. Homology was defined by Darwin as similarity of structure and position - and distinguished from 'analogy -' which was defined as similarity of _____________ but not necessarily of structure and position.
Homo
Dinosaurs
Function
Protoplasm
9. An important step toward the modern theory of evolution came in the 1760's - when Count George-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1707-1788) published his Natural History of Animals with the idea that species __________ over time.
Homo erectus
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Change
Baseline
10. Biodiversity crashes during ________ extinctions. This has been a powerful force in evolution - wiping the slate clean of up to 96% of all species - and providing the survivors with a world full of opportunities into which they can diversify.
Adaptive radiation
Beneficial
Mass
Phylum
11. In the 1680s Ariaantje and Gerrit Jansz emigrated from Holland to South Africa - one of them bringing along an allele for the mild metabolic disease porphyria. Today more than 30000 South Africans carry this allele and - in every case examined - can
Change
Evolution
Allopatric
Founder.
12. Populations begin to diverge when gene flow between them is restricted. Geographic isolation is often the first step in ____________ speciation.
Allopatric
Polymorphism
Genus
Evolution
13. Animals and plants show variations in physical structure. Some of these variations are simply caused by external conditions (environmental) - such as accidents - temperature - food abundance - etc.. ___________ variations have no effect on evolution
Protista
Microevolution
Adaptive radiation
Somatic
14. ____________ organs are formed on the same basic plan though they may be modified variously to perform different functions. They must have a common ancestral structure which gave rise to different modifications.
Mimicry
Homologous
Primates
33 phyla
15. The only kingdom which consists of prokaryotes is the __________ kingdom.
Environmental
Dinosaurs
Function
Monera
16. Immediately below kingdom is the _________ level of classification. At this level - animals are grouped together based on similarities in basic body plan or organization.
Increase
Seven
Taxonomy
Phylum
17. The highest category in the Linnaean system of classification is the __________. At this level - organisms are distinguished on the basis of cellular organization and methods of nutrition.
DNA
Kingdom
Bipedal
Africa
18. The mutation may be harmful (resulting in a reduced probability of survival for the organism involved) - ____________ (it might also do its intended job better) or merely neutral (no effect at all).
Fire
Beneficial
Macroscopic.
Fossil
19. The __________ kingdom consists of one-celled organisms as well - but differs from the Monera kingdom in that it consists of eukaryotes.
Genetic
Protista
Mass
Fire
20. Humans who have produced offspring that successfully live in a ________ environment tend to be broader and smaller in stature while hotter environments are occupied by thinner taller humans.
Differential
Seven
Cold
Out-of-Africa
21. Members of the phylum _____________ have soft - unsegmented bodies that are usually - but not always - enclosed in hard shells.
Out-of-Africa
Mollusca
Homo
Bipedal
22. There are certain animals with intermediate characters between two major groups of animals. They are called ___________ _____.
Creationism
Seven
Connecting links
Homologous
23. If a population began with a few individuals - one or more of whom carried a particular allele - that allele may come to be represented in many of the descendants. This is known as ____________.
Embryos
Mollusca
Polymorphism
Africa
24. In species which reproduce _____________ - extinction of a species is generally inevitable when there is only one individual of that species left - or only individuals of a single sex.
Hardy-Weinberg
Differential
Intraspecific
Sexually
25. The Regional ___________ Hypothesis suggests that regional populations of H. erectus evolved into H. sapiens through interbreeding between the various populations.
Cold
Continuity
Convergent
Evolution
26. Insect ____________ is also an example of convergent evolution - as for example when an edible (palatable) butterfly develops a color pattern similar to a relatively unrelated inedible (unpalatable) butterfly - and by so doing escapes being eaten.
Oxygen
Environment
Punctuated
Mimicry
27. In general if two genes have an almost identical DNA sequence - it is likely that they are ____________.
Struggle
Protoplasm
Baseline
Homologous
28. _______________ is that branch of biology dealing with the identification and naming of organisms.
Phylogenetic
Change
Fire
Taxonomy
29. A ____________ tree is a graphical means to depict the evolutionary relationships of a group of organisms.
Mollusca
Analogy
Phylogenetic
Convergent
30. Darwin's Finches illustrated ___________ ____________. This is where species all deriving from a common ancestor have over time successfully adapted to their environment via natural selection.
Sickle Cell
Evolution
Adaptive radiation
Africa
31. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of the same species.
Kingdom
Struggle
Intraspecific
Fungi
32. _________ ______ disease causes anemia - joint pain - a swollen spleen - and frequent - severe infections. It illustrates balanced polymorphism because carriers are resistant to malaria - an infection by the parasite that causes cycles of chills and
Cold
Sickle Cell
Primates
Code
33. Any change of _________ frequencies in a gene pool indicates that evolution has occurred. The Hardy-Weinberg law proposes that those factors that violate the conditions listed - cause evolution.
Allele
Primates
Genetic drift
Mimicry
34. Linnaeus placed all monkeys and apes along with humans into the order _________
Sympatric
Seven
Out-of-Africa
Primates
35. Speciation by ____________ Equilibrium involves a group of creatures which gets isolated from the rest of their species.
Homo
Homo erectus
Microevolution
Punctuated
36. Charles Darwin published a book The Origin of Species in the year 1859. He proposed that the new species came about by a process called ___________ __________.
Change
Natural selection
Function
Mass
37. Humans are ____________ - meaning we walk on two of our limbs. The amount of melanin in our skin is representative of the environment we live in - i.e. dark skinned people occupy hotter climates.
Bipedal
Analogy
33 phyla
Polymorphism
38. Extinctions - mostly at the level of species - have been occurring constantly at a low 'background rate' - usually matched by the rate at which new species appear - with the result that ____________ is constantly increasing.
Biodiversity
Function
Allopatric
Homo erectus
39. ___________ evolution is an evolutionary process in which organisms not closely related independently acquire some characteristic or characteristics in common.
Convergent
Adaptive radiation
Sympatric
Comparative anatomy.
40. _____________ is the accumulation of small changes in a gene pool over a relatively short period.
Struggle
Microevolution
Hunter-gatherer
Phylum
41. As populations diverge - they form similar but related species. When are two populations new species? When populations no longer _____________ they are thought to be separate species.
Mutations
Polymorphism
Binomial
Interbreed
42. Scientific classification sorts living organisms by _________ levels of classification - kingdom; phylum; class; order; family; genus; and species.
Biodiversity
Mammals.
Monera
Seven
43. When carriers have advantages that allow a detrimental allele to persist in a population - ______________ polymorphism is at work.
Balanced
Bipedal
Out-of-Africa
Punctuated
44. About 1.8 million years ago - early Homo gave rise to _______ ________ - the species thought to have been ancestral to our own.
Founder.
Intraspecific
Biodiversity
Homo erectus
45. Despite their image as brutish simpletons - _____________were the first humans to bury their dead with artifacts - indicating abstract thought - perhaps a belief in an after-life.
Bipedal
Analogy
Neanderthals
Primates
46. Homology has to be distinguished from ___________; for instance - the wings of insects and the wings of birds are analogous but not homologous.
Analogy
Founder.
Kingdom
Polymorphism
47. A comparative study of physiology and biochemistry also supports the common origin for different organisms. The _____________ of all organisms cells is more or less same in composition.
Protoplasm
Taxonomy
Biodiversity
Genetic
48. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of different species.
Interspecific
Increase
Marsupial. All the marsupials in present day Australia would have evolved from one common ancestor. Kangaroos
Fungi
49. The early stages of development of the ___________ of fish - salamander - tortoise - hen and man show remarkable similarity.
Homology
Function
Punctuated
Embryos
50. As the finch population began to flourish in these advantageous conditions - ______________ competition became a factor - and resources on the islands were squeezed and could not sustain the population of the finches for long.
Phylogenetic
Triassic
Interbreed
Intraspecific