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CLEP Biology: Principles Of Evolution

Subjects : clep, science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When carriers have advantages that allow a detrimental allele to persist in a population - ______________ polymorphism is at work.






2. ___________ speciation happens when members of a population develop some genetic difference that prevents them from reproducing with the parent type.






3. Biodiversity crashes during ________ extinctions. This has been a powerful force in evolution - wiping the slate clean of up to 96% of all species - and providing the survivors with a world full of opportunities into which they can diversify.






4. Differential reproduction allows one species to gradually evolve into a new species. This is the process of ____________.






5. The _______-_________ Law states that an equilibrium of allele frequencies in a gene pool remains in effect in each succeeding generation of a sexually reproducing population if five conditions are met.






6. _____________ is the end of a particular evolutionary line - the end of a species - a family - or a larger group of organisms.






7. ___________ evolution is an evolutionary process in which organisms not closely related independently acquire some characteristic or characteristics in common.






8. The Regional ___________ Hypothesis suggests that regional populations of H. erectus evolved into H. sapiens through interbreeding between the various populations.






9. Homo erectus was the first hominid to use ___________ - and have social structures for food gathering.






10. Any change of _________ frequencies in a gene pool indicates that evolution has occurred. The Hardy-Weinberg law proposes that those factors that violate the conditions listed - cause evolution.






11. In species which reproduce _____________ - extinction of a species is generally inevitable when there is only one individual of that species left - or only individuals of a single sex.






12. Almost all _________ organisms are either plants or animals.






13. _____________ struggle takes place between the individuals of the same species.






14. Mammals developed from primitive mammal-like reptiles during the __________ Period - some 200-245 million years ago.






15. The ____________ mammals occupy Australia - and differ from placental mammals because they bear their young inside a pouch (instead of a placenta).






16. Insect ____________ is also an example of convergent evolution - as for example when an edible (palatable) butterfly develops a color pattern similar to a relatively unrelated inedible (unpalatable) butterfly - and by so doing escapes being eaten.






17. All organisms are placed into one of five kingdoms: Monera - Protista - ________ - Plantae - Animalia.






18. The ______-____-______ Hypothesis proposes that some Homo erectus remained in Africa and continued to evolve into Homo sapiens - and left Africa about 100 -000-200 -000 years ago. From a single source - Homo sapiens replaced all populations of Homo e






19. The mutation may be harmful (resulting in a reduced probability of survival for the organism involved) - ____________ (it might also do its intended job better) or merely neutral (no effect at all).






20. A ____________ tree is a graphical means to depict the evolutionary relationships of a group of organisms.






21. The early stages of development of the ___________ of fish - salamander - tortoise - hen and man show remarkable similarity.






22. ______________ struggle is the struggle of organisms against the physical environment.






23. As populations diverge - they form similar but related species. When are two populations new species? When populations no longer _____________ they are thought to be separate species.






24. According to Darwin - in spite of the high reproductive potential - the number of individuals in a species remains relatively constant - suggesting _____________ for existence.






25. There are certain animals with intermediate characters between two major groups of animals. They are called ___________ _____.






26. Homology has to be distinguished from ___________; for instance - the wings of insects and the wings of birds are analogous but not homologous.






27. An allele may increase - or decrease - in frequency simply through ___________. Not every member of the population will become a parent and not every set of parents will produce the same number of offspring.






28. Animals and plants show variations in physical structure. Some of these variations are simply caused by external conditions (environmental) - such as accidents - temperature - food abundance - etc.. ___________ variations have no effect on evolution






29. The highest category in the Linnaean system of classification is the __________. At this level - organisms are distinguished on the basis of cellular organization and methods of nutrition.






30. Because organisms are continually tested by their changing ______________ - their forms change to suit new conditions.






31. ____________ reproduction - whether reproduction proceeds with lesser or greater success - is central to the process of natural selection; it determines whether a given mutation becomes established in the general population.






32. In a genetic drift the entire population may become homozygous for the allele or - equally likely - the allele may disappear. Before either of these fates occurs - the allele represents a Polymorphism. This is a case of polymorphism through...






33. A Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium provides a ___________ by which to judge whether evolution has occurred.






34. Members of the phylum _____________ have soft - unsegmented bodies that are usually - but not always - enclosed in hard shells.






35. Immediately below kingdom is the _________ level of classification. At this level - animals are grouped together based on similarities in basic body plan or organization.






36. A comparative study of physiology and biochemistry also supports the common origin for different organisms. The _____________ of all organisms cells is more or less same in composition.






37. Linnaeus placed all monkeys and apes along with humans into the order _________






38. The Neolithic transition - about 10 -000 years ago - involved the change from __________-__________ societies to agricultural ones based on cultivation of plants and domesticated animals.






39. A ___________ can be defined as one or more populations of interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated in nature from all other organisms.






40. If a population began with a few individuals - one or more of whom carried a particular allele - that allele may come to be represented in many of the descendants. This is known as ____________.






41. Populations begin to diverge when gene flow between them is restricted. Geographic isolation is often the first step in ____________ speciation.






42. Darwin reported that all organisms tend to _____________ in a geometric ratio provided there are no environmental checks. Even slow breeding animals like the elephant may theoretically give rise to 19 million descendants in a period of 750 years.






43. The Linnaean system uses two Latin name categories - ________ and species - to designate each type of organism.






44. __________ are the remains of organisms that lived in the past.






45. Speciation by ____________ Equilibrium involves a group of creatures which gets isolated from the rest of their species.






46. ____________ organs are formed on the same basic plan though they may be modified variously to perform different functions. They must have a common ancestral structure which gave rise to different modifications.






47. Despite their image as brutish simpletons - _____________were the first humans to bury their dead with artifacts - indicating abstract thought - perhaps a belief in an after-life.






48. Scientific classification sorts living organisms by _________ levels of classification - kingdom; phylum; class; order; family; genus; and species.






49. The most recent mass extinction - the K-T extinction at the end of the Cretaceous period - is best known for having wiped out the __________ .






50. Such a dual level designation is referred to as a _________ nomenclature.