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CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories

Subjects : clep, teaching
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Gestalt Theory






2. Constructivist; published The Process of Education; theories emphasize the significance of categorization in learning






3. Emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development - Developed the idea of the 'Zone of Proximal Development -' mainly focused on cognitive development of children.






4. (Hull)- the notion that behavior occurs in reponse to 'drives' such as hunger - thirst - sexual interest - feeling cold - etc. When the goal of the drive is attained (food - water - mating - warmth) the drive is reduced - and this constitutes reinfor






5. Humanistic; Experiential Learning






6. Follower of Jean Piaget. Developed and researched advanced organizers. Developed subsumation theorty - that the primary process in learning is subsumation where new material is relation to relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure in a subst






7. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.






8. 1925 - Observational Learning






9. Cognitive Apprenticeship






10. Insight Learning






11. Development; Concepts: stages of moral development; Study Basics: Studied boys responses to and processes of reasoning in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma is 'Heinz' who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he ste






12. Learning as a group process; Lev Vygotsky 1896 - 1935 Social Constructivism






13. Humanistic Theory of Learning






14. Refers to one's belief about one's ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes. Those with high levels for a particular task are more likely to succeed than those with low levels






15. Social Constructivism; The Zone of Proximal Development is a concept for which he is well known.






16. In the study of motivation - an explanation of behavior that asserts that people actively and regularly determine their own goals and the means of achieving them through thought.






17. Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor - 2. preoperational - 3. concrete operational - and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation






18. Emotions and Affect Play a Role in Learning






19. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.






20. According to Maslow - the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential






21. A learning theory in which the probablity of a response is the dependent variable. Independent variables are usually stimuli controlled by the researcher. These are attempts to quantify and objectify learning research.






22. Freud's theory which emphasized that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in he first few years is crucial for healthy personality development






23. Structure of intellect stipulated that intelligence depends on our mental operations (or process of thinking) - our thoughts (i.e. - content) - and the products or end results of these operations.






24. Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)






25. (Behaviorism)- One explanation for learning in behaviorism; an association is built between two events simply because they occured simultaneously or overlapping in time.For example - if food is presented while some auditory signal is given - a dog wi






26. Contiguity Theory; 'One-Trial Learning' (Behaviorism)






27. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.






28. Learning as a Mental Process






29. Constructive Knowledge.Construct with ideas and concepts of what they know.






30. Development; Concepts: gender in moral development; Study Basics: Did moral development studies to follow up Kohlberg. She studied girls and women and found that they did not score as high on his six stage scale because they focused more on relations






31. Psychoanalytic Theory of Learning; The role of the Unconscious Mind in Learning






32. Knowledge is Constructed; the Learner is an Active Creator






33. Albert Bandura - 1. Attention - the learner must have his/her senses directed at the model 2. Retention - coding - and storing the patterns so they can be retrieved. This may include vivid imagery an verbal descriptions. 3. Motor reproduction - kines






34. Occurs when the presence of previously learned material interferes with the learning of new material.






35. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'






36. (Spence)- reinforcement combined with frustration or inhibitors facilitated finding a correct stimulus among a cluster which included incorrect ones. This was a 'carrot and stick' model.






37. Coined the term 'Behaviorism'






38. Explanation of development that focuses on the quality of the early emotional relationships developed between children and their caregivers






39. Multiple intelligence theory specifies seven different intelligences that presume a broadened definition of intelligence.






40. Field Theoretical Approach






41. While earlier theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems - humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Some of these theorists include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.






42. (Estes) - A theory developed by Estes that attempts to show how stimuli are sampled and attached to responses. A statistical learning theory.






43. Perception - Decision making - Attention - Memory - & Problem Solving






44. (Piaget) - an element of a cognitive structure. Schema refers to a general potential to perform a class of behaviors - and content describes the conditions that prevail during any particular example of that potential being activated. (Schemata = plul






45. Physiological- water - sleep food. Safety- security - shelter - protection Belongingness- love - friendship - acceptance. Ego Needs- prestige - status. Self Actualization- self fulfillment - enriching experiances


46. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.






47. Operant Conditioning






48. (G. A. Miller)- (Test - Operate - Test - Exit). These are operational feedback units that function within a self-regulated system.


49. Sign Theory & Latent Learning






50. The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished