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CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories

Subjects : clep, teaching
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Gestalt Theory






2. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.






3. Development; Concepts: stages of moral development; Study Basics: Studied boys responses to and processes of reasoning in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma is 'Heinz' who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he ste






4. Coined the term 'Behaviorism'






5. Occurs when the presence of previously learned material interferes with the learning of new material.






6. Operant Conditioning






7. (Piaget) - an element of a cognitive structure. Schema refers to a general potential to perform a class of behaviors - and content describes the conditions that prevail during any particular example of that potential being activated. (Schemata = plul






8. Follower of Jean Piaget. Developed and researched advanced organizers. Developed subsumation theorty - that the primary process in learning is subsumation where new material is relation to relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure in a subst






9. Gestalt Learning Theory






10. Theory of Classical Conditioning






11. In the study of motivation - an explanation of behavior that asserts that people actively and regularly determine their own goals and the means of achieving them through thought.






12. Social Constructivism; The Zone of Proximal Development is a concept for which he is well known.






13. Variables being observed and measured in response to the independent variables - such as amount of time taken to learn a task or respond after a stimulus is given - number of responses - etc.






14. 1925 - Observational Learning






15. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response take the form of neural connections. Learning involves the 'stamping in' of connections - forgetting involves 'stamping out' connections.






16. Constructivist; Genetic Epistemology; Stages of Cognitive Development






17. Sign Theory & Latent Learning






18. (Behaviorism)- One explanation for learning in behaviorism; an association is built between two events simply because they occured simultaneously or overlapping in time.For example - if food is presented while some auditory signal is given - a dog wi






19. Humanistic; Experiential Learning






20. (Tolman)- the theory that animals (and humans) develop expectancy or anticipation of rewards for completing behaviors they have learned - and this expectancy functions as an internal incentive or motivation.






21. Perception - Decision making - Attention - Memory - & Problem Solving






22. Explanation of development that focuses on the quality of the early emotional relationships developed between children and their caregivers






23. Knowledge is Constructed; the Learner is an Active Creator






24. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.






25. Emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development - Developed the idea of the 'Zone of Proximal Development -' mainly focused on cognitive development of children.






26. Learning as a group process; Lev Vygotsky 1896 - 1935 Social Constructivism






27. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.






28. Contiguity Theory; 'One-Trial Learning' (Behaviorism)






29. Presented a theory of self-efficacy - or the importance of one's personal belief regarding self-ability and chances of success - as key to motivation.






30. Emotions and Affect Play a Role in Learning






31. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'






32. Learning as a Mental Process






33. (Tolman) - these are hypothetical constructs rather than physical parameters. They are definable and measurable but not observable. They have functional relationships with both independent and dependent variables. They are internal cognitive processe






34. Constructivist; published The Process of Education; theories emphasize the significance of categorization in learning






35. Insight Learning






36. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.






37. Humanistic Theory of Learning






38. According to Maslow - the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential






39. Structure of intellect stipulated that intelligence depends on our mental operations (or process of thinking) - our thoughts (i.e. - content) - and the products or end results of these operations.






40. While earlier theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems - humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Some of these theorists include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.






41. Multiple intelligence theory specifies seven different intelligences that presume a broadened definition of intelligence.






42. (G. A. Miller)- (Test - Operate - Test - Exit). These are operational feedback units that function within a self-regulated system.


43. Freud's theory which emphasized that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in he first few years is crucial for healthy personality development






44. The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished






45. Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)






46. Cognitive Dissonance






47. Drive Reduction Theory






48. Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor - 2. preoperational - 3. concrete operational - and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation






49. (Hull)- the notion that behavior occurs in reponse to 'drives' such as hunger - thirst - sexual interest - feeling cold - etc. When the goal of the drive is attained (food - water - mating - warmth) the drive is reduced - and this constitutes reinfor






50. Physiological- water - sleep food. Safety- security - shelter - protection Belongingness- love - friendship - acceptance. Ego Needs- prestige - status. Self Actualization- self fulfillment - enriching experiances