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CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories

Subjects : clep, teaching
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (Behaviorism)- One explanation for learning in behaviorism; an association is built between two events simply because they occured simultaneously or overlapping in time.For example - if food is presented while some auditory signal is given - a dog wi






2. 1925 - Observational Learning






3. Contiguity Theory; 'One-Trial Learning' (Behaviorism)






4. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response take the form of neural connections. Learning involves the 'stamping in' of connections - forgetting involves 'stamping out' connections.






5. Connectionism; Wrote the thesis - 'Animal Intelligence: An Experimental Study of the Associative Processes in Animals' - in which he concluded that an experimental approach is the only way to understand learning and established his famous 'Law of Eff






6. Coined the term 'Behaviorism'






7. Follower of Jean Piaget. Developed and researched advanced organizers. Developed subsumation theorty - that the primary process in learning is subsumation where new material is relation to relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure in a subst






8. (Tolman)- the theory that animals (and humans) develop expectancy or anticipation of rewards for completing behaviors they have learned - and this expectancy functions as an internal incentive or motivation.






9. Theory of Classical Conditioning






10. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.






11. Freud's theory which emphasized that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in he first few years is crucial for healthy personality development






12. Insight Learning






13. (G. A. Miller)- (Test - Operate - Test - Exit). These are operational feedback units that function within a self-regulated system.


14. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.






15. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.






16. Constructivist; published The Process of Education; theories emphasize the significance of categorization in learning






17. (Piaget) - an element of a cognitive structure. Schema refers to a general potential to perform a class of behaviors - and content describes the conditions that prevail during any particular example of that potential being activated. (Schemata = plul






18. Emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development - Developed the idea of the 'Zone of Proximal Development -' mainly focused on cognitive development of children.






19. Learning as a Mental Process






20. Presented a theory of self-efficacy - or the importance of one's personal belief regarding self-ability and chances of success - as key to motivation.






21. A transitional group - bridging the gap between behaviorism and cognitive theories of learning. timulus-Response; Intervening Internal Variables; Purposive Behavior; E.C.Tolman - Clark Hull - Kenneth W. Spence






22. Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor - 2. preoperational - 3. concrete operational - and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation






23. (Thorndike) - Responses which occur just prior to a satisfying state of affairs are more likely to be repeated - and responses just prior to an annoying state of affairs are more likely NOT to be repeated.






24. Drive Reduction Theory






25. Humanistic Theory of Learning






26. Gestalt Learning Theory






27. Albert Bandura - 1. Attention - the learner must have his/her senses directed at the model 2. Retention - coding - and storing the patterns so they can be retrieved. This may include vivid imagery an verbal descriptions. 3. Motor reproduction - kines






28. Humanistic; Transformational Learning






29. Gestalt Theory






30. Psychoanalytic Theory of Learning; The role of the Unconscious Mind in Learning






31. Cognitive Dissonance






32. (Hull)- the notion that behavior occurs in reponse to 'drives' such as hunger - thirst - sexual interest - feeling cold - etc. When the goal of the drive is attained (food - water - mating - warmth) the drive is reduced - and this constitutes reinfor






33. The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished






34. Refers to one's belief about one's ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes. Those with high levels for a particular task are more likely to succeed than those with low levels






35. Constructivist; Genetic Epistemology; Stages of Cognitive Development






36. In the study of motivation - an explanation of behavior that asserts that people actively and regularly determine their own goals and the means of achieving them through thought.






37. Learning as a group process; Lev Vygotsky 1896 - 1935 Social Constructivism






38. Development; Concepts: stages of moral development; Study Basics: Studied boys responses to and processes of reasoning in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma is 'Heinz' who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he ste






39. Perception - Decision making - Attention - Memory - & Problem Solving






40. Field Theoretical Approach






41. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'






42. Humanistic; Experiential Learning






43. According to Maslow - the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential






44. Multiple intelligence theory specifies seven different intelligences that presume a broadened definition of intelligence.






45. Constructive Knowledge.Construct with ideas and concepts of what they know.






46. Explanation of development that focuses on the quality of the early emotional relationships developed between children and their caregivers






47. Sign Theory & Latent Learning






48. Discrimination Learning






49. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.






50. Emotions and Affect Play a Role in Learning