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CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories

Subjects : clep, teaching
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In the study of motivation - an explanation of behavior that asserts that people actively and regularly determine their own goals and the means of achieving them through thought.






2. Physiological- water - sleep food. Safety- security - shelter - protection Belongingness- love - friendship - acceptance. Ego Needs- prestige - status. Self Actualization- self fulfillment - enriching experiances


3. According to Maslow - the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential






4. Humanistic Theory of Learning






5. Humanistic; Experiential Learning






6. Discrimination Learning






7. Presented a theory of self-efficacy - or the importance of one's personal belief regarding self-ability and chances of success - as key to motivation.






8. Emotions and Affect Play a Role in Learning






9. Coined the term 'Behaviorism'






10. Follower of Jean Piaget. Developed and researched advanced organizers. Developed subsumation theorty - that the primary process in learning is subsumation where new material is relation to relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure in a subst






11. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.






12. Humanistic; Transformational Learning






13. Freud's theory which emphasized that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in he first few years is crucial for healthy personality development






14. Social Constructivism; The Zone of Proximal Development is a concept for which he is well known.






15. Field Theoretical Approach






16. (Thorndike) - Responses which occur just prior to a satisfying state of affairs are more likely to be repeated - and responses just prior to an annoying state of affairs are more likely NOT to be repeated.






17. Connectionism; Wrote the thesis - 'Animal Intelligence: An Experimental Study of the Associative Processes in Animals' - in which he concluded that an experimental approach is the only way to understand learning and established his famous 'Law of Eff






18. Refers to one's belief about one's ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes. Those with high levels for a particular task are more likely to succeed than those with low levels






19. Structure of intellect stipulated that intelligence depends on our mental operations (or process of thinking) - our thoughts (i.e. - content) - and the products or end results of these operations.






20. Variables being observed and measured in response to the independent variables - such as amount of time taken to learn a task or respond after a stimulus is given - number of responses - etc.






21. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.






22. Operant Conditioning






23. (G. A. Miller)- (Test - Operate - Test - Exit). These are operational feedback units that function within a self-regulated system.


24. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.






25. Constructivist; Genetic Epistemology; Stages of Cognitive Development






26. Drive Reduction Theory






27. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.






28. Multiple intelligence theory specifies seven different intelligences that presume a broadened definition of intelligence.






29. While earlier theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems - humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Some of these theorists include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.






30. Learning as a Mental Process






31. Gestalt Theory






32. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'






33. Theory of Classical Conditioning






34. Emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development - Developed the idea of the 'Zone of Proximal Development -' mainly focused on cognitive development of children.






35. Contiguity Theory; 'One-Trial Learning' (Behaviorism)






36. 1925 - Observational Learning






37. Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)






38. Explanation of development that focuses on the quality of the early emotional relationships developed between children and their caregivers






39. Knowledge is Constructed; the Learner is an Active Creator






40. Learning as a group process; Lev Vygotsky 1896 - 1935 Social Constructivism






41. (Tolman)- the theory that animals (and humans) develop expectancy or anticipation of rewards for completing behaviors they have learned - and this expectancy functions as an internal incentive or motivation.






42. Constructivist; published The Process of Education; theories emphasize the significance of categorization in learning






43. Occurs when the presence of previously learned material interferes with the learning of new material.






44. Development; Concepts: gender in moral development; Study Basics: Did moral development studies to follow up Kohlberg. She studied girls and women and found that they did not score as high on his six stage scale because they focused more on relations






45. Vygotsky - ZPD refers to the observation that children - when learning a particular task or body of information - are unable initiallly to do the task. Later they can do it with the assistance of an adult or older child mentor - and finally they can






46. A transitional group - bridging the gap between behaviorism and cognitive theories of learning. timulus-Response; Intervening Internal Variables; Purposive Behavior; E.C.Tolman - Clark Hull - Kenneth W. Spence






47. Gestalt Learning Theory






48. (Behaviorism - Skinner)- a model which states that when a resonse is followed by a reinforcer - the result will be an increase in the probability that this response will occur again under similar conditions.






49. Cognitive Apprenticeship






50. (Spence)- reinforcement combined with frustration or inhibitors facilitated finding a correct stimulus among a cluster which included incorrect ones. This was a 'carrot and stick' model.