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CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories

Subjects : clep, teaching
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Multiple intelligence theory specifies seven different intelligences that presume a broadened definition of intelligence.






2. Coined the term 'Behaviorism'






3. Presented a theory of self-efficacy - or the importance of one's personal belief regarding self-ability and chances of success - as key to motivation.






4. Humanistic; Transformational Learning






5. Constructivist; Genetic Epistemology; Stages of Cognitive Development






6. Occurs when the presence of previously learned material interferes with the learning of new material.






7. The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished






8. Gestalt Learning Theory






9. Explanation of development that focuses on the quality of the early emotional relationships developed between children and their caregivers






10. Learning as a Mental Process






11. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.






12. (Estes) - A theory developed by Estes that attempts to show how stimuli are sampled and attached to responses. A statistical learning theory.






13. (G. A. Miller)- (Test - Operate - Test - Exit). These are operational feedback units that function within a self-regulated system.


14. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response take the form of neural connections. Learning involves the 'stamping in' of connections - forgetting involves 'stamping out' connections.






15. (Piaget) - an element of a cognitive structure. Schema refers to a general potential to perform a class of behaviors - and content describes the conditions that prevail during any particular example of that potential being activated. (Schemata = plul






16. Follower of Jean Piaget. Developed and researched advanced organizers. Developed subsumation theorty - that the primary process in learning is subsumation where new material is relation to relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure in a subst






17. Theory of Classical Conditioning






18. (Tolman)- the theory that animals (and humans) develop expectancy or anticipation of rewards for completing behaviors they have learned - and this expectancy functions as an internal incentive or motivation.






19. Gestalt Theory






20. Discrimination Learning






21. Psychoanalytic Theory of Learning; The role of the Unconscious Mind in Learning






22. According to Maslow - the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential






23. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.






24. While earlier theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems - humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Some of these theorists include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.






25. Contiguity Theory; 'One-Trial Learning' (Behaviorism)






26. Learning as a group process; Lev Vygotsky 1896 - 1935 Social Constructivism






27. Connectionism; Wrote the thesis - 'Animal Intelligence: An Experimental Study of the Associative Processes in Animals' - in which he concluded that an experimental approach is the only way to understand learning and established his famous 'Law of Eff






28. Field Theoretical Approach






29. (Thorndike) - Responses which occur just prior to a satisfying state of affairs are more likely to be repeated - and responses just prior to an annoying state of affairs are more likely NOT to be repeated.






30. (Behaviorism - Skinner)- a model which states that when a resonse is followed by a reinforcer - the result will be an increase in the probability that this response will occur again under similar conditions.






31. Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor - 2. preoperational - 3. concrete operational - and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation






32. Refers to one's belief about one's ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes. Those with high levels for a particular task are more likely to succeed than those with low levels






33. Albert Bandura - 1. Attention - the learner must have his/her senses directed at the model 2. Retention - coding - and storing the patterns so they can be retrieved. This may include vivid imagery an verbal descriptions. 3. Motor reproduction - kines






34. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.






35. Emotions and Affect Play a Role in Learning






36. A learning theory in which the probablity of a response is the dependent variable. Independent variables are usually stimuli controlled by the researcher. These are attempts to quantify and objectify learning research.






37. Constructive Knowledge.Construct with ideas and concepts of what they know.






38. Cognitive Dissonance






39. Social Constructivism; The Zone of Proximal Development is a concept for which he is well known.






40. Sign Theory & Latent Learning






41. Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)






42. (Spence)- reinforcement combined with frustration or inhibitors facilitated finding a correct stimulus among a cluster which included incorrect ones. This was a 'carrot and stick' model.






43. Humanistic; Experiential Learning






44. Variables being observed and measured in response to the independent variables - such as amount of time taken to learn a task or respond after a stimulus is given - number of responses - etc.






45. (Behaviorism)- One explanation for learning in behaviorism; an association is built between two events simply because they occured simultaneously or overlapping in time.For example - if food is presented while some auditory signal is given - a dog wi






46. Vygotsky - ZPD refers to the observation that children - when learning a particular task or body of information - are unable initiallly to do the task. Later they can do it with the assistance of an adult or older child mentor - and finally they can






47. Humanistic Theory of Learning






48. Perception - Decision making - Attention - Memory - & Problem Solving






49. Development; Concepts: stages of moral development; Study Basics: Studied boys responses to and processes of reasoning in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma is 'Heinz' who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he ste






50. Cognitive Apprenticeship