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CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories

Subjects : clep, teaching
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Vygotsky - ZPD refers to the observation that children - when learning a particular task or body of information - are unable initiallly to do the task. Later they can do it with the assistance of an adult or older child mentor - and finally they can






2. Freud's theory which emphasized that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in he first few years is crucial for healthy personality development






3. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.






4. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.






5. Insight Learning






6. (Hull)- the notion that behavior occurs in reponse to 'drives' such as hunger - thirst - sexual interest - feeling cold - etc. When the goal of the drive is attained (food - water - mating - warmth) the drive is reduced - and this constitutes reinfor






7. Knowledge is Constructed; the Learner is an Active Creator






8. Multiple intelligence theory specifies seven different intelligences that presume a broadened definition of intelligence.






9. (G. A. Miller)- (Test - Operate - Test - Exit). These are operational feedback units that function within a self-regulated system.


10. Constructivist; Genetic Epistemology; Stages of Cognitive Development






11. Coined the term 'Behaviorism'






12. Cognitive Apprenticeship






13. Humanistic Theory of Learning






14. Presented a theory of self-efficacy - or the importance of one's personal belief regarding self-ability and chances of success - as key to motivation.






15. Development; Concepts: stages of moral development; Study Basics: Studied boys responses to and processes of reasoning in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma is 'Heinz' who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he ste






16. Humanistic; Experiential Learning






17. Emotions and Affect Play a Role in Learning






18. Social Constructivism; The Zone of Proximal Development is a concept for which he is well known.






19. Follower of Jean Piaget. Developed and researched advanced organizers. Developed subsumation theorty - that the primary process in learning is subsumation where new material is relation to relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure in a subst






20. (Behaviorism)- One explanation for learning in behaviorism; an association is built between two events simply because they occured simultaneously or overlapping in time.For example - if food is presented while some auditory signal is given - a dog wi






21. Emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development - Developed the idea of the 'Zone of Proximal Development -' mainly focused on cognitive development of children.






22. Gestalt Theory






23. Field Theoretical Approach






24. Constructive Knowledge.Construct with ideas and concepts of what they know.






25. A learning theory in which the probablity of a response is the dependent variable. Independent variables are usually stimuli controlled by the researcher. These are attempts to quantify and objectify learning research.






26. Explanation of development that focuses on the quality of the early emotional relationships developed between children and their caregivers






27. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'






28. Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor - 2. preoperational - 3. concrete operational - and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation






29. Perception - Decision making - Attention - Memory - & Problem Solving






30. (Thorndike) - Responses which occur just prior to a satisfying state of affairs are more likely to be repeated - and responses just prior to an annoying state of affairs are more likely NOT to be repeated.






31. Refers to one's belief about one's ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes. Those with high levels for a particular task are more likely to succeed than those with low levels






32. Learning as a Mental Process






33. Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)






34. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.






35. (Spence)- reinforcement combined with frustration or inhibitors facilitated finding a correct stimulus among a cluster which included incorrect ones. This was a 'carrot and stick' model.






36. While earlier theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems - humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Some of these theorists include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.






37. Structure of intellect stipulated that intelligence depends on our mental operations (or process of thinking) - our thoughts (i.e. - content) - and the products or end results of these operations.






38. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.






39. Occurs when the presence of previously learned material interferes with the learning of new material.






40. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response take the form of neural connections. Learning involves the 'stamping in' of connections - forgetting involves 'stamping out' connections.






41. Contiguity Theory; 'One-Trial Learning' (Behaviorism)






42. Drive Reduction Theory






43. Cognitive Dissonance






44. Discrimination Learning






45. Physiological- water - sleep food. Safety- security - shelter - protection Belongingness- love - friendship - acceptance. Ego Needs- prestige - status. Self Actualization- self fulfillment - enriching experiances


46. Constructivist; published The Process of Education; theories emphasize the significance of categorization in learning






47. Humanistic; Transformational Learning






48. Theory of Classical Conditioning






49. In the study of motivation - an explanation of behavior that asserts that people actively and regularly determine their own goals and the means of achieving them through thought.






50. Psychoanalytic Theory of Learning; The role of the Unconscious Mind in Learning