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CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories

Subjects : clep, teaching
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 20 minutes. 2 minutes extra for reading the instructions.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Vygotsky - ZPD refers to the observation that children - when learning a particular task or body of information - are unable initiallly to do the task. Later they can do it with the assistance of an adult or older child mentor - and finally they can






2. 1925 - Observational Learning






3. Theory of Classical Conditioning






4. (Behaviorism - Skinner)- a model which states that when a resonse is followed by a reinforcer - the result will be an increase in the probability that this response will occur again under similar conditions.






5. Humanistic Theory of Learning






6. Gestalt Learning Theory






7. Operant Conditioning






8. Cognitive Apprenticeship






9. Learning as a Mental Process






10. Constructivist; published The Process of Education; theories emphasize the significance of categorization in learning






11. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.






12. Humanistic; Experiential Learning






13. A transitional group - bridging the gap between behaviorism and cognitive theories of learning. timulus-Response; Intervening Internal Variables; Purposive Behavior; E.C.Tolman - Clark Hull - Kenneth W. Spence






14. Cognitive Dissonance






15. Freud's theory which emphasized that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in he first few years is crucial for healthy personality development






16. In the study of motivation - an explanation of behavior that asserts that people actively and regularly determine their own goals and the means of achieving them through thought.






17. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.






18. (Behaviorism)- One explanation for learning in behaviorism; an association is built between two events simply because they occured simultaneously or overlapping in time.For example - if food is presented while some auditory signal is given - a dog wi






19. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.






20. Learning as a group process; Lev Vygotsky 1896 - 1935 Social Constructivism






21. Development; Concepts: gender in moral development; Study Basics: Did moral development studies to follow up Kohlberg. She studied girls and women and found that they did not score as high on his six stage scale because they focused more on relations






22. Structure of intellect stipulated that intelligence depends on our mental operations (or process of thinking) - our thoughts (i.e. - content) - and the products or end results of these operations.






23. Presented a theory of self-efficacy - or the importance of one's personal belief regarding self-ability and chances of success - as key to motivation.






24. Sign Theory & Latent Learning






25. Coined the term 'Behaviorism'






26. Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor - 2. preoperational - 3. concrete operational - and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation






27. While earlier theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems - humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Some of these theorists include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.






28. Physiological- water - sleep food. Safety- security - shelter - protection Belongingness- love - friendship - acceptance. Ego Needs- prestige - status. Self Actualization- self fulfillment - enriching experiances


29. Social Constructivism; The Zone of Proximal Development is a concept for which he is well known.






30. Contiguity Theory; 'One-Trial Learning' (Behaviorism)






31. (Spence)- reinforcement combined with frustration or inhibitors facilitated finding a correct stimulus among a cluster which included incorrect ones. This was a 'carrot and stick' model.






32. Multiple intelligence theory specifies seven different intelligences that presume a broadened definition of intelligence.






33. The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished






34. Variables being observed and measured in response to the independent variables - such as amount of time taken to learn a task or respond after a stimulus is given - number of responses - etc.






35. (Tolman)- the theory that animals (and humans) develop expectancy or anticipation of rewards for completing behaviors they have learned - and this expectancy functions as an internal incentive or motivation.






36. Psychoanalytic Theory of Learning; The role of the Unconscious Mind in Learning






37. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'






38. Knowledge is Constructed; the Learner is an Active Creator






39. Discrimination Learning






40. Drive Reduction Theory






41. Humanistic; Transformational Learning






42. (Thorndike) - Responses which occur just prior to a satisfying state of affairs are more likely to be repeated - and responses just prior to an annoying state of affairs are more likely NOT to be repeated.






43. Emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development - Developed the idea of the 'Zone of Proximal Development -' mainly focused on cognitive development of children.






44. Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)






45. Insight Learning






46. A learning theory in which the probablity of a response is the dependent variable. Independent variables are usually stimuli controlled by the researcher. These are attempts to quantify and objectify learning research.






47. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response take the form of neural connections. Learning involves the 'stamping in' of connections - forgetting involves 'stamping out' connections.






48. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.






49. Albert Bandura - 1. Attention - the learner must have his/her senses directed at the model 2. Retention - coding - and storing the patterns so they can be retrieved. This may include vivid imagery an verbal descriptions. 3. Motor reproduction - kines






50. Emotions and Affect Play a Role in Learning