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CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories

Subjects : clep, teaching
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A learning theory in which the probablity of a response is the dependent variable. Independent variables are usually stimuli controlled by the researcher. These are attempts to quantify and objectify learning research.






2. Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor - 2. preoperational - 3. concrete operational - and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation






3. Constructivist; Genetic Epistemology; Stages of Cognitive Development






4. (Behaviorism)- One explanation for learning in behaviorism; an association is built between two events simply because they occured simultaneously or overlapping in time.For example - if food is presented while some auditory signal is given - a dog wi






5. Social Constructivism; The Zone of Proximal Development is a concept for which he is well known.






6. The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished






7. Psychoanalytic Theory of Learning; The role of the Unconscious Mind in Learning






8. Field Theoretical Approach






9. Sign Theory & Latent Learning






10. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.






11. In the study of motivation - an explanation of behavior that asserts that people actively and regularly determine their own goals and the means of achieving them through thought.






12. Gestalt Learning Theory






13. Humanistic Theory of Learning






14. Humanistic; Transformational Learning






15. (Tolman) - these are hypothetical constructs rather than physical parameters. They are definable and measurable but not observable. They have functional relationships with both independent and dependent variables. They are internal cognitive processe






16. Emotions and Affect Play a Role in Learning






17. Presented a theory of self-efficacy - or the importance of one's personal belief regarding self-ability and chances of success - as key to motivation.






18. A transitional group - bridging the gap between behaviorism and cognitive theories of learning. timulus-Response; Intervening Internal Variables; Purposive Behavior; E.C.Tolman - Clark Hull - Kenneth W. Spence






19. (Hull)- the notion that behavior occurs in reponse to 'drives' such as hunger - thirst - sexual interest - feeling cold - etc. When the goal of the drive is attained (food - water - mating - warmth) the drive is reduced - and this constitutes reinfor






20. Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)






21. Learning as a group process; Lev Vygotsky 1896 - 1935 Social Constructivism






22. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.






23. Constructivist; published The Process of Education; theories emphasize the significance of categorization in learning






24. Discrimination Learning






25. Cognitive Dissonance






26. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.






27. (Estes) - A theory developed by Estes that attempts to show how stimuli are sampled and attached to responses. A statistical learning theory.






28. Coined the term 'Behaviorism'






29. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.






30. Variables being observed and measured in response to the independent variables - such as amount of time taken to learn a task or respond after a stimulus is given - number of responses - etc.






31. Contiguity Theory; 'One-Trial Learning' (Behaviorism)






32. Follower of Jean Piaget. Developed and researched advanced organizers. Developed subsumation theorty - that the primary process in learning is subsumation where new material is relation to relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure in a subst






33. Freud's theory which emphasized that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in he first few years is crucial for healthy personality development






34. Learning as a Mental Process






35. Perception - Decision making - Attention - Memory - & Problem Solving






36. Cognitive Apprenticeship






37. Vygotsky - ZPD refers to the observation that children - when learning a particular task or body of information - are unable initiallly to do the task. Later they can do it with the assistance of an adult or older child mentor - and finally they can






38. (Spence)- reinforcement combined with frustration or inhibitors facilitated finding a correct stimulus among a cluster which included incorrect ones. This was a 'carrot and stick' model.






39. According to Maslow - the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential






40. While earlier theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems - humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Some of these theorists include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.






41. Emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development - Developed the idea of the 'Zone of Proximal Development -' mainly focused on cognitive development of children.






42. Constructive Knowledge.Construct with ideas and concepts of what they know.






43. Albert Bandura - 1. Attention - the learner must have his/her senses directed at the model 2. Retention - coding - and storing the patterns so they can be retrieved. This may include vivid imagery an verbal descriptions. 3. Motor reproduction - kines






44. Refers to one's belief about one's ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes. Those with high levels for a particular task are more likely to succeed than those with low levels






45. Gestalt Theory






46. Operant Conditioning






47. (Piaget) - an element of a cognitive structure. Schema refers to a general potential to perform a class of behaviors - and content describes the conditions that prevail during any particular example of that potential being activated. (Schemata = plul






48. Drive Reduction Theory






49. Explanation of development that focuses on the quality of the early emotional relationships developed between children and their caregivers






50. Occurs when the presence of previously learned material interferes with the learning of new material.