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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories
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clep
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teaching
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.
Constructivism
Lev Vygotsky
Kurt Koffka
Law of Exercise
2. Humanistic; Transformational Learning
Jack Mezirow
John B. Watson
TOTE's
J.P. Guilford
3. Operant Conditioning
B. F. Skinner
Wolfgang Kohler
Social Learning Theory
Expectancy Theory
4. (Hull)- the notion that behavior occurs in reponse to 'drives' such as hunger - thirst - sexual interest - feeling cold - etc. When the goal of the drive is attained (food - water - mating - warmth) the drive is reduced - and this constitutes reinfor
Bandura
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Max Wertheimer 1880
Drive Reduction Theory
5. Learning as a Mental Process
Psychosexual Theory
Self-Actualization
Cognitive Perspective
Statistical Learning Theory
6. Humanistic; Experiential Learning
Jean Piaget
Expectancy Theory
Carl Rogers
Edward L.Thorndike
7. A learning theory in which the probablity of a response is the dependent variable. Independent variables are usually stimuli controlled by the researcher. These are attempts to quantify and objectify learning research.
Clark Hull
Edwin Guthrie
Statistical Learning Theory
Brunner
8. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'
John B. Watson
Humanistic Perspective
Gestalt Learning Theory
Erik Erikson
9. A transitional group - bridging the gap between behaviorism and cognitive theories of learning. timulus-Response; Intervening Internal Variables; Purposive Behavior; E.C.Tolman - Clark Hull - Kenneth W. Spence
Constructivism
Lev Vygotsky
Drive Reduction Theory
Neo-behaviorism
10. Cognitive Apprenticeship
John Seely Brown
Gilligan
Connectionism
Social Learning Theory
11. (Thorndike) - Responses which occur just prior to a satisfying state of affairs are more likely to be repeated - and responses just prior to an annoying state of affairs are more likely NOT to be repeated.
Law of Effect
J.P. Guilford
Gestalt Learning Theory
Abraham Maslow
12. Field Theoretical Approach
Kurt Lewin
David Ausubel
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
Wolfgang Kohler
13. Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor - 2. preoperational - 3. concrete operational - and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation
Lev Vygotsky
Neo-behaviorism
Edwin Guthrie
Jean Piaget
14. Discrimination Learning
TOTE's
John B. Watson
Keneth W. Spence
Erik Erikson
15. Freud's theory which emphasized that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in he first few years is crucial for healthy personality development
Lev Vygotsky
Behavioralism
Psychosexual Theory
John B. Watson
16. Connectionism; Wrote the thesis - 'Animal Intelligence: An Experimental Study of the Associative Processes in Animals' - in which he concluded that an experimental approach is the only way to understand learning and established his famous 'Law of Eff
Jerome Bruner
Keneth W. Spence
Edward L.Thorndike
Kohlberg
17. Coined the term 'Behaviorism'
John B. Watson
Attachment Theory
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Self-Actualization
18. Physiological- water - sleep food. Safety- security - shelter - protection Belongingness- love - friendship - acceptance. Ego Needs- prestige - status. Self Actualization- self fulfillment - enriching experiances
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19. (Estes) - A theory developed by Estes that attempts to show how stimuli are sampled and attached to responses. A statistical learning theory.
Contiguity
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Jerome Bruner
Self-Actualization
20. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response take the form of neural connections. Learning involves the 'stamping in' of connections - forgetting involves 'stamping out' connections.
Neo-behaviorism
Kohlberg
Sigmund Freud
Connectionism
21. Constructivist; Genetic Epistemology; Stages of Cognitive Development
Erik Erikson
B. F. Skinner
Jean Piaget
Humanistic Perspective
22. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.
Wolfgang Kohler
Kohlberg
Behavioralism
Schema
23. Multiple intelligence theory specifies seven different intelligences that presume a broadened definition of intelligence.
Edward C. Tolman
Gardner
Kurt Koffka
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
24. (Tolman)- the theory that animals (and humans) develop expectancy or anticipation of rewards for completing behaviors they have learned - and this expectancy functions as an internal incentive or motivation.
Expectancy Theory
Brunner
Lev Vygotsky
Intervening variables
25. Presented a theory of self-efficacy - or the importance of one's personal belief regarding self-ability and chances of success - as key to motivation.
Bandura
Kurt Koffka
William Kaye Estes
Edward L.Thorndike
26. Variables being observed and measured in response to the independent variables - such as amount of time taken to learn a task or respond after a stimulus is given - number of responses - etc.
Erik Erikson
Cognitive Perspective
Edward L.Thorndike
Dependent variables
27. Emotions and Affect Play a Role in Learning
Humanistic Perspective
Brunner
Kurt Lewin
Lev Vygotsky
28. The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
Kohlberg
Inert knowledge
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Social Learning Theory
29. Development; Concepts: gender in moral development; Study Basics: Did moral development studies to follow up Kohlberg. She studied girls and women and found that they did not score as high on his six stage scale because they focused more on relations
Gilligan
Social Learning Perspective
Contiguity
Gestalt Learning Theory
30. Structure of intellect stipulated that intelligence depends on our mental operations (or process of thinking) - our thoughts (i.e. - content) - and the products or end results of these operations.
B. F. Skinner
Bandura
J.P. Guilford
Kohlberg
31. Humanistic Theory of Learning
Gestalt Learning Theory
Abraham Maslow
Lev Vygotsky
Social Learning Theory
32. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Inert knowledge
Expectancy Theory
Clark Hull
33. Knowledge is Constructed; the Learner is an Active Creator
Constructivism
Schema
Gardner
Jean Piaget
34. (Tolman) - these are hypothetical constructs rather than physical parameters. They are definable and measurable but not observable. They have functional relationships with both independent and dependent variables. They are internal cognitive processe
Intervening variables
Jack Mezirow
TOTE's
Gestalt Learning Theory
35. (Behaviorism)- One explanation for learning in behaviorism; an association is built between two events simply because they occured simultaneously or overlapping in time.For example - if food is presented while some auditory signal is given - a dog wi
Kurt Koffka
Statistical Learning Theory
Contiguity
Social Learning Theory
36. Constructivist; published The Process of Education; theories emphasize the significance of categorization in learning
Attachment Theory
Jerome Bruner
Gilligan
Albert Bandura
37. 1925 - Observational Learning
Jerome Bruner
Proactive inhibition
Self-Actualization
Albert Bandura
38. Explanation of development that focuses on the quality of the early emotional relationships developed between children and their caregivers
Jean Piaget
Carl Rogers
Attachment Theory
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
39. Follower of Jean Piaget. Developed and researched advanced organizers. Developed subsumation theorty - that the primary process in learning is subsumation where new material is relation to relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure in a subst
Gardner
David Ausubel
Jack Mezirow
Keneth W. Spence
40. (Spence)- reinforcement combined with frustration or inhibitors facilitated finding a correct stimulus among a cluster which included incorrect ones. This was a 'carrot and stick' model.
Sigmund Freud
Gilligan
Discrimination Learning Theory
Contiguity
41. Cognitive Dissonance
Humanistic Perspective
Sigmund Freud
Leon Festinger
Intervening variables
42. Insight Learning
Social Learning Theory
David Ausubel
Wolfgang Kohler
Edward C. Tolman
43. Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Intervening variables
Dependent variables
Drive Reduction Theory
William Kaye Estes
44. Gestalt Learning Theory
Max Wertheimer 1880
Observational Learning
David Ausubel
Sigmund Freud
45. While earlier theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems - humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Some of these theorists include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
Clark Hull
Humanist Theories
Carl Rogers
Attachment Theory
46. Development; Concepts: stages of moral development; Study Basics: Studied boys responses to and processes of reasoning in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma is 'Heinz' who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he ste
Expectancy Theory
Kohlberg
Albert Bandura
Observational Learning
47. Perception - Decision making - Attention - Memory - & Problem Solving
Statistical Learning Theory
Edwin Guthrie
Bandura
Gestalt Learning Theory
48. Occurs when the presence of previously learned material interferes with the learning of new material.
J.P. Guilford
Proactive inhibition
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Clark Hull
49. (Behaviorism - Skinner)- a model which states that when a resonse is followed by a reinforcer - the result will be an increase in the probability that this response will occur again under similar conditions.
Sigmund Freud
Wolfgang Kohler
Self-Actualization
Operant Conditioning
50. Albert Bandura - 1. Attention - the learner must have his/her senses directed at the model 2. Retention - coding - and storing the patterns so they can be retrieved. This may include vivid imagery an verbal descriptions. 3. Motor reproduction - kines
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Cognitive Theories
Observational Learning
Kurt Lewin