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CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories

Subjects : clep, teaching
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. According to Maslow - the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential






2. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.






3. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.






4. Drive Reduction Theory






5. 1925 - Observational Learning






6. Variables being observed and measured in response to the independent variables - such as amount of time taken to learn a task or respond after a stimulus is given - number of responses - etc.






7. A learning theory in which the probablity of a response is the dependent variable. Independent variables are usually stimuli controlled by the researcher. These are attempts to quantify and objectify learning research.






8. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.






9. Development; Concepts: stages of moral development; Study Basics: Studied boys responses to and processes of reasoning in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma is 'Heinz' who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he ste






10. Development; Concepts: gender in moral development; Study Basics: Did moral development studies to follow up Kohlberg. She studied girls and women and found that they did not score as high on his six stage scale because they focused more on relations






11. Knowledge is Constructed; the Learner is an Active Creator






12. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.






13. A transitional group - bridging the gap between behaviorism and cognitive theories of learning. timulus-Response; Intervening Internal Variables; Purposive Behavior; E.C.Tolman - Clark Hull - Kenneth W. Spence






14. Freud's theory which emphasized that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in he first few years is crucial for healthy personality development






15. Humanistic Theory of Learning






16. Gestalt Learning Theory






17. In the study of motivation - an explanation of behavior that asserts that people actively and regularly determine their own goals and the means of achieving them through thought.






18. Follower of Jean Piaget. Developed and researched advanced organizers. Developed subsumation theorty - that the primary process in learning is subsumation where new material is relation to relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure in a subst






19. Emotions and Affect Play a Role in Learning






20. Constructive Knowledge.Construct with ideas and concepts of what they know.






21. Presented a theory of self-efficacy - or the importance of one's personal belief regarding self-ability and chances of success - as key to motivation.






22. Humanistic; Experiential Learning






23. The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished






24. Learning as a group process; Lev Vygotsky 1896 - 1935 Social Constructivism






25. Physiological- water - sleep food. Safety- security - shelter - protection Belongingness- love - friendship - acceptance. Ego Needs- prestige - status. Self Actualization- self fulfillment - enriching experiances


26. Cognitive Apprenticeship






27. Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor - 2. preoperational - 3. concrete operational - and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation






28. (Thorndike) - Responses which occur just prior to a satisfying state of affairs are more likely to be repeated - and responses just prior to an annoying state of affairs are more likely NOT to be repeated.






29. Cognitive Dissonance






30. Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)






31. Psychoanalytic Theory of Learning; The role of the Unconscious Mind in Learning






32. Learning as a Mental Process






33. Coined the term 'Behaviorism'






34. (Estes) - A theory developed by Estes that attempts to show how stimuli are sampled and attached to responses. A statistical learning theory.






35. Theory of Classical Conditioning






36. (Piaget) - an element of a cognitive structure. Schema refers to a general potential to perform a class of behaviors - and content describes the conditions that prevail during any particular example of that potential being activated. (Schemata = plul






37. Field Theoretical Approach






38. Multiple intelligence theory specifies seven different intelligences that presume a broadened definition of intelligence.






39. Sign Theory & Latent Learning






40. (Hull)- the notion that behavior occurs in reponse to 'drives' such as hunger - thirst - sexual interest - feeling cold - etc. When the goal of the drive is attained (food - water - mating - warmth) the drive is reduced - and this constitutes reinfor






41. Contiguity Theory; 'One-Trial Learning' (Behaviorism)






42. Occurs when the presence of previously learned material interferes with the learning of new material.






43. Social Constructivism; The Zone of Proximal Development is a concept for which he is well known.






44. Gestalt Theory






45. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response take the form of neural connections. Learning involves the 'stamping in' of connections - forgetting involves 'stamping out' connections.






46. Constructivist; published The Process of Education; theories emphasize the significance of categorization in learning






47. Vygotsky - ZPD refers to the observation that children - when learning a particular task or body of information - are unable initiallly to do the task. Later they can do it with the assistance of an adult or older child mentor - and finally they can






48. (Tolman)- the theory that animals (and humans) develop expectancy or anticipation of rewards for completing behaviors they have learned - and this expectancy functions as an internal incentive or motivation.






49. Discrimination Learning






50. While earlier theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems - humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Some of these theorists include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.