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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories
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clep
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teaching
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response take the form of neural connections. Learning involves the 'stamping in' of connections - forgetting involves 'stamping out' connections.
Edward L.Thorndike
Connectionism
Max Wertheimer 1880
Self-Efficacy
2. In the study of motivation - an explanation of behavior that asserts that people actively and regularly determine their own goals and the means of achieving them through thought.
Ivan Pavlov
Albert Bandura
Gardner
Cognitive Theories
3. Emotions and Affect Play a Role in Learning
Attachment Theory
Humanistic Perspective
Edwin Guthrie
Brunner
4. (Tolman) - these are hypothetical constructs rather than physical parameters. They are definable and measurable but not observable. They have functional relationships with both independent and dependent variables. They are internal cognitive processe
Law of Effect
Inert knowledge
Psychosexual Theory
Intervening variables
5. Learning as a group process; Lev Vygotsky 1896 - 1935 Social Constructivism
Carl Rogers
Contiguity
Social Learning Perspective
Drive Reduction Theory
6. Social Constructivism; The Zone of Proximal Development is a concept for which he is well known.
Abraham Maslow
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Lev Vygotsky
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
7. (Thorndike) - Responses which occur just prior to a satisfying state of affairs are more likely to be repeated - and responses just prior to an annoying state of affairs are more likely NOT to be repeated.
Erik Erikson
TOTE's
Law of Effect
Neo-behaviorism
8. Vygotsky - ZPD refers to the observation that children - when learning a particular task or body of information - are unable initiallly to do the task. Later they can do it with the assistance of an adult or older child mentor - and finally they can
John B. Watson
Inert knowledge
Jean Piaget
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
9. Freud's theory which emphasized that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in he first few years is crucial for healthy personality development
Psychosexual Theory
Statistical Learning Theory
Carl Rogers
Discrimination Learning Theory
10. Refers to one's belief about one's ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes. Those with high levels for a particular task are more likely to succeed than those with low levels
Max Wertheimer 1880
Self-Efficacy
Connectionism
Cognitive Theories
11. Knowledge is Constructed; the Learner is an Active Creator
Cognitive Theories
Lev Vygotsky
Humanistic Perspective
Constructivism
12. Multiple intelligence theory specifies seven different intelligences that presume a broadened definition of intelligence.
Kurt Koffka
Constructivism
Gardner
Kurt Lewin
13. While earlier theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems - humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Some of these theorists include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
Erik Erikson
Kohlberg
Humanist Theories
Gilligan
14. Discrimination Learning
Gestalt Learning Theory
Humanistic Perspective
Keneth W. Spence
Constructivism
15. Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor - 2. preoperational - 3. concrete operational - and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation
Jerome Bruner
Jean Piaget
Humanistic Perspective
Max Wertheimer 1880
16. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.
Wolfgang Kohler
Edward C. Tolman
Behavioralism
John Seely Brown
17. Constructivist; Genetic Epistemology; Stages of Cognitive Development
Constructivism
Jean Piaget
Gilligan
Lev Vygotsky
18. According to Maslow - the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential
Clark Hull
Self-Actualization
Social Learning Theory
Jerome Bruner
19. Cognitive Dissonance
Edwin Guthrie
David Ausubel
Self-Efficacy
Leon Festinger
20. Humanistic Theory of Learning
Schema
Drive Reduction Theory
Lev Vygotsky
Abraham Maslow
21. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.
Self-Efficacy
Edward C. Tolman
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Law of Exercise
22. Albert Bandura - 1. Attention - the learner must have his/her senses directed at the model 2. Retention - coding - and storing the patterns so they can be retrieved. This may include vivid imagery an verbal descriptions. 3. Motor reproduction - kines
Observational Learning
Edward L.Thorndike
Drive Reduction Theory
Psychosexual Theory
23. Insight Learning
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Carl Rogers
Wolfgang Kohler
Edward L.Thorndike
24. Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
William Kaye Estes
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Cognitive Perspective
Gardner
25. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.
William Kaye Estes
Brunner
Cognitive Theories
Inert knowledge
26. (Estes) - A theory developed by Estes that attempts to show how stimuli are sampled and attached to responses. A statistical learning theory.
B. F. Skinner
Max Wertheimer 1880
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Edward L.Thorndike
27. Structure of intellect stipulated that intelligence depends on our mental operations (or process of thinking) - our thoughts (i.e. - content) - and the products or end results of these operations.
Ivan Pavlov
Connectionism
Humanist Theories
J.P. Guilford
28. Cognitive Apprenticeship
Schema
Jerome Bruner
Albert Bandura
John Seely Brown
29. Gestalt Theory
Abraham Maslow
Attachment Theory
Social Learning Perspective
Kurt Koffka
30. Sign Theory & Latent Learning
Lev Vygotsky
Law of Exercise
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Edward C. Tolman
31. Operant Conditioning
John B. Watson
J.P. Guilford
Kurt Koffka
B. F. Skinner
32. (G. A. Miller)- (Test - Operate - Test - Exit). These are operational feedback units that function within a self-regulated system.
33. Psychoanalytic Theory of Learning; The role of the Unconscious Mind in Learning
Sigmund Freud
Inert knowledge
Schema
B. F. Skinner
34. Variables being observed and measured in response to the independent variables - such as amount of time taken to learn a task or respond after a stimulus is given - number of responses - etc.
Cognitive Perspective
Dependent variables
Attachment Theory
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
35. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'
Drive Reduction Theory
Erik Erikson
Brunner
Kurt Koffka
36. (Behaviorism - Skinner)- a model which states that when a resonse is followed by a reinforcer - the result will be an increase in the probability that this response will occur again under similar conditions.
Abraham Maslow
Operant Conditioning
Albert Bandura
Jerome Bruner
37. Physiological- water - sleep food. Safety- security - shelter - protection Belongingness- love - friendship - acceptance. Ego Needs- prestige - status. Self Actualization- self fulfillment - enriching experiances
38. A learning theory in which the probablity of a response is the dependent variable. Independent variables are usually stimuli controlled by the researcher. These are attempts to quantify and objectify learning research.
Statistical Learning Theory
Max Wertheimer 1880
Leon Festinger
J.P. Guilford
39. (Tolman)- the theory that animals (and humans) develop expectancy or anticipation of rewards for completing behaviors they have learned - and this expectancy functions as an internal incentive or motivation.
Expectancy Theory
B. F. Skinner
Carl Rogers
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
40. Emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development - Developed the idea of the 'Zone of Proximal Development -' mainly focused on cognitive development of children.
Lev Vygotsky
J.P. Guilford
Sigmund Freud
Law of Effect
41. 1925 - Observational Learning
Behavioralism
Jerome Bruner
Abraham Maslow
Albert Bandura
42. (Spence)- reinforcement combined with frustration or inhibitors facilitated finding a correct stimulus among a cluster which included incorrect ones. This was a 'carrot and stick' model.
Carl Rogers
Discrimination Learning Theory
Clark Hull
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
43. Contiguity Theory; 'One-Trial Learning' (Behaviorism)
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Edwin Guthrie
Jack Mezirow
Social Learning Perspective
44. (Behaviorism)- One explanation for learning in behaviorism; an association is built between two events simply because they occured simultaneously or overlapping in time.For example - if food is presented while some auditory signal is given - a dog wi
Law of Effect
Statistical Learning Theory
Contiguity
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
45. Connectionism; Wrote the thesis - 'Animal Intelligence: An Experimental Study of the Associative Processes in Animals' - in which he concluded that an experimental approach is the only way to understand learning and established his famous 'Law of Eff
Jack Mezirow
Lev Vygotsky
Edward L.Thorndike
Attachment Theory
46. Drive Reduction Theory
Kurt Koffka
Clark Hull
Gilligan
Behavioralism
47. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.
Albert Bandura
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Cognitive Perspective
Intervening variables
48. Humanistic; Experiential Learning
Lev Vygotsky
Carl Rogers
Kurt Lewin
Intervening variables
49. Constructive Knowledge.Construct with ideas and concepts of what they know.
Bandura
Brunner
Law of Effect
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
50. Occurs when the presence of previously learned material interferes with the learning of new material.
B. F. Skinner
Proactive inhibition
Dependent variables
Kurt Koffka