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CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories

Subjects : clep, teaching
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Perception - Decision making - Attention - Memory - & Problem Solving






2. (Tolman)- the theory that animals (and humans) develop expectancy or anticipation of rewards for completing behaviors they have learned - and this expectancy functions as an internal incentive or motivation.






3. Vygotsky - ZPD refers to the observation that children - when learning a particular task or body of information - are unable initiallly to do the task. Later they can do it with the assistance of an adult or older child mentor - and finally they can






4. (Thorndike) - Responses which occur just prior to a satisfying state of affairs are more likely to be repeated - and responses just prior to an annoying state of affairs are more likely NOT to be repeated.






5. (Tolman) - these are hypothetical constructs rather than physical parameters. They are definable and measurable but not observable. They have functional relationships with both independent and dependent variables. They are internal cognitive processe






6. Knowledge is Constructed; the Learner is an Active Creator






7. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.






8. Constructive Knowledge.Construct with ideas and concepts of what they know.






9. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response take the form of neural connections. Learning involves the 'stamping in' of connections - forgetting involves 'stamping out' connections.






10. Field Theoretical Approach






11. Cognitive Dissonance






12. Variables being observed and measured in response to the independent variables - such as amount of time taken to learn a task or respond after a stimulus is given - number of responses - etc.






13. In the study of motivation - an explanation of behavior that asserts that people actively and regularly determine their own goals and the means of achieving them through thought.






14. Constructivist; Genetic Epistemology; Stages of Cognitive Development






15. Learning as a Mental Process






16. The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished






17. Sign Theory & Latent Learning






18. Social Constructivism; The Zone of Proximal Development is a concept for which he is well known.






19. Psychoanalytic Theory of Learning; The role of the Unconscious Mind in Learning






20. 1925 - Observational Learning






21. Structure of intellect stipulated that intelligence depends on our mental operations (or process of thinking) - our thoughts (i.e. - content) - and the products or end results of these operations.






22. Discrimination Learning






23. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.






24. (Estes) - A theory developed by Estes that attempts to show how stimuli are sampled and attached to responses. A statistical learning theory.






25. Contiguity Theory; 'One-Trial Learning' (Behaviorism)






26. Theory of Classical Conditioning






27. Occurs when the presence of previously learned material interferes with the learning of new material.






28. (Behaviorism)- One explanation for learning in behaviorism; an association is built between two events simply because they occured simultaneously or overlapping in time.For example - if food is presented while some auditory signal is given - a dog wi






29. Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)






30. Cognitive Apprenticeship






31. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.






32. Gestalt Learning Theory






33. Humanistic Theory of Learning






34. (Behaviorism - Skinner)- a model which states that when a resonse is followed by a reinforcer - the result will be an increase in the probability that this response will occur again under similar conditions.






35. A transitional group - bridging the gap between behaviorism and cognitive theories of learning. timulus-Response; Intervening Internal Variables; Purposive Behavior; E.C.Tolman - Clark Hull - Kenneth W. Spence






36. While earlier theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems - humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Some of these theorists include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.






37. Albert Bandura - 1. Attention - the learner must have his/her senses directed at the model 2. Retention - coding - and storing the patterns so they can be retrieved. This may include vivid imagery an verbal descriptions. 3. Motor reproduction - kines






38. Insight Learning






39. (Spence)- reinforcement combined with frustration or inhibitors facilitated finding a correct stimulus among a cluster which included incorrect ones. This was a 'carrot and stick' model.






40. (G. A. Miller)- (Test - Operate - Test - Exit). These are operational feedback units that function within a self-regulated system.


41. Coined the term 'Behaviorism'






42. Multiple intelligence theory specifies seven different intelligences that presume a broadened definition of intelligence.






43. Development; Concepts: stages of moral development; Study Basics: Studied boys responses to and processes of reasoning in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma is 'Heinz' who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he ste






44. Humanistic; Experiential Learning






45. Learning as a group process; Lev Vygotsky 1896 - 1935 Social Constructivism






46. Humanistic; Transformational Learning






47. Follower of Jean Piaget. Developed and researched advanced organizers. Developed subsumation theorty - that the primary process in learning is subsumation where new material is relation to relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure in a subst






48. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.






49. Freud's theory which emphasized that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in he first few years is crucial for healthy personality development






50. Physiological- water - sleep food. Safety- security - shelter - protection Belongingness- love - friendship - acceptance. Ego Needs- prestige - status. Self Actualization- self fulfillment - enriching experiances