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CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories

Subjects : clep, teaching
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (Hull)- the notion that behavior occurs in reponse to 'drives' such as hunger - thirst - sexual interest - feeling cold - etc. When the goal of the drive is attained (food - water - mating - warmth) the drive is reduced - and this constitutes reinfor






2. Contiguity Theory; 'One-Trial Learning' (Behaviorism)






3. Occurs when the presence of previously learned material interferes with the learning of new material.






4. Physiological- water - sleep food. Safety- security - shelter - protection Belongingness- love - friendship - acceptance. Ego Needs- prestige - status. Self Actualization- self fulfillment - enriching experiances


5. Learning as a group process; Lev Vygotsky 1896 - 1935 Social Constructivism






6. Humanistic; Transformational Learning






7. Presented a theory of self-efficacy - or the importance of one's personal belief regarding self-ability and chances of success - as key to motivation.






8. The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished






9. Gestalt Theory






10. 1925 - Observational Learning






11. Emotions and Affect Play a Role in Learning






12. Follower of Jean Piaget. Developed and researched advanced organizers. Developed subsumation theorty - that the primary process in learning is subsumation where new material is relation to relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure in a subst






13. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.






14. Sign Theory & Latent Learning






15. Learning as a Mental Process






16. (G. A. Miller)- (Test - Operate - Test - Exit). These are operational feedback units that function within a self-regulated system.


17. Perception - Decision making - Attention - Memory - & Problem Solving






18. Structure of intellect stipulated that intelligence depends on our mental operations (or process of thinking) - our thoughts (i.e. - content) - and the products or end results of these operations.






19. (Behaviorism - Skinner)- a model which states that when a resonse is followed by a reinforcer - the result will be an increase in the probability that this response will occur again under similar conditions.






20. Multiple intelligence theory specifies seven different intelligences that presume a broadened definition of intelligence.






21. Constructivist; Genetic Epistemology; Stages of Cognitive Development






22. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.






23. Humanistic Theory of Learning






24. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.






25. Cognitive Apprenticeship






26. Explanation of development that focuses on the quality of the early emotional relationships developed between children and their caregivers






27. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'






28. (Behaviorism)- One explanation for learning in behaviorism; an association is built between two events simply because they occured simultaneously or overlapping in time.For example - if food is presented while some auditory signal is given - a dog wi






29. Development; Concepts: gender in moral development; Study Basics: Did moral development studies to follow up Kohlberg. She studied girls and women and found that they did not score as high on his six stage scale because they focused more on relations






30. (Tolman) - these are hypothetical constructs rather than physical parameters. They are definable and measurable but not observable. They have functional relationships with both independent and dependent variables. They are internal cognitive processe






31. Humanistic; Experiential Learning






32. Psychoanalytic Theory of Learning; The role of the Unconscious Mind in Learning






33. Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor - 2. preoperational - 3. concrete operational - and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation






34. Constructivist; published The Process of Education; theories emphasize the significance of categorization in learning






35. (Tolman)- the theory that animals (and humans) develop expectancy or anticipation of rewards for completing behaviors they have learned - and this expectancy functions as an internal incentive or motivation.






36. In the study of motivation - an explanation of behavior that asserts that people actively and regularly determine their own goals and the means of achieving them through thought.






37. (Spence)- reinforcement combined with frustration or inhibitors facilitated finding a correct stimulus among a cluster which included incorrect ones. This was a 'carrot and stick' model.






38. Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)






39. (Piaget) - an element of a cognitive structure. Schema refers to a general potential to perform a class of behaviors - and content describes the conditions that prevail during any particular example of that potential being activated. (Schemata = plul






40. Drive Reduction Theory






41. Variables being observed and measured in response to the independent variables - such as amount of time taken to learn a task or respond after a stimulus is given - number of responses - etc.






42. A transitional group - bridging the gap between behaviorism and cognitive theories of learning. timulus-Response; Intervening Internal Variables; Purposive Behavior; E.C.Tolman - Clark Hull - Kenneth W. Spence






43. Social Constructivism; The Zone of Proximal Development is a concept for which he is well known.






44. Cognitive Dissonance






45. Field Theoretical Approach






46. While earlier theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems - humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Some of these theorists include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.






47. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.






48. Knowledge is Constructed; the Learner is an Active Creator






49. Vygotsky - ZPD refers to the observation that children - when learning a particular task or body of information - are unable initiallly to do the task. Later they can do it with the assistance of an adult or older child mentor - and finally they can






50. Gestalt Learning Theory