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CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories

Subjects : clep, teaching
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cognitive Dissonance






2. Emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development - Developed the idea of the 'Zone of Proximal Development -' mainly focused on cognitive development of children.






3. Coined the term 'Behaviorism'






4. The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished






5. Psychoanalytic Theory of Learning; The role of the Unconscious Mind in Learning






6. Cognitive Apprenticeship






7. Emotions and Affect Play a Role in Learning






8. Vygotsky - ZPD refers to the observation that children - when learning a particular task or body of information - are unable initiallly to do the task. Later they can do it with the assistance of an adult or older child mentor - and finally they can






9. Discrimination Learning






10. (Tolman) - these are hypothetical constructs rather than physical parameters. They are definable and measurable but not observable. They have functional relationships with both independent and dependent variables. They are internal cognitive processe






11. Insight Learning






12. Contiguity Theory; 'One-Trial Learning' (Behaviorism)






13. Theory of Classical Conditioning






14. Occurs when the presence of previously learned material interferes with the learning of new material.






15. (Estes) - A theory developed by Estes that attempts to show how stimuli are sampled and attached to responses. A statistical learning theory.






16. A transitional group - bridging the gap between behaviorism and cognitive theories of learning. timulus-Response; Intervening Internal Variables; Purposive Behavior; E.C.Tolman - Clark Hull - Kenneth W. Spence






17. (Hull)- the notion that behavior occurs in reponse to 'drives' such as hunger - thirst - sexual interest - feeling cold - etc. When the goal of the drive is attained (food - water - mating - warmth) the drive is reduced - and this constitutes reinfor






18. Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)






19. Knowledge is Constructed; the Learner is an Active Creator






20. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.






21. According to Maslow - the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential






22. Humanistic; Transformational Learning






23. In the study of motivation - an explanation of behavior that asserts that people actively and regularly determine their own goals and the means of achieving them through thought.






24. Explanation of development that focuses on the quality of the early emotional relationships developed between children and their caregivers






25. Gestalt Learning Theory






26. Follower of Jean Piaget. Developed and researched advanced organizers. Developed subsumation theorty - that the primary process in learning is subsumation where new material is relation to relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure in a subst






27. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.






28. Perception - Decision making - Attention - Memory - & Problem Solving






29. Operant Conditioning






30. Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor - 2. preoperational - 3. concrete operational - and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation






31. Structure of intellect stipulated that intelligence depends on our mental operations (or process of thinking) - our thoughts (i.e. - content) - and the products or end results of these operations.






32. Humanistic Theory of Learning






33. Sign Theory & Latent Learning






34. Refers to one's belief about one's ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes. Those with high levels for a particular task are more likely to succeed than those with low levels






35. Constructivist; published The Process of Education; theories emphasize the significance of categorization in learning






36. (Behaviorism - Skinner)- a model which states that when a resonse is followed by a reinforcer - the result will be an increase in the probability that this response will occur again under similar conditions.






37. (G. A. Miller)- (Test - Operate - Test - Exit). These are operational feedback units that function within a self-regulated system.


38. Constructive Knowledge.Construct with ideas and concepts of what they know.






39. Learning as a Mental Process






40. 1925 - Observational Learning






41. Connectionism; Wrote the thesis - 'Animal Intelligence: An Experimental Study of the Associative Processes in Animals' - in which he concluded that an experimental approach is the only way to understand learning and established his famous 'Law of Eff






42. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.






43. (Behaviorism)- One explanation for learning in behaviorism; an association is built between two events simply because they occured simultaneously or overlapping in time.For example - if food is presented while some auditory signal is given - a dog wi






44. Multiple intelligence theory specifies seven different intelligences that presume a broadened definition of intelligence.






45. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.






46. Freud's theory which emphasized that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in he first few years is crucial for healthy personality development






47. Field Theoretical Approach






48. Social Constructivism; The Zone of Proximal Development is a concept for which he is well known.






49. Albert Bandura - 1. Attention - the learner must have his/her senses directed at the model 2. Retention - coding - and storing the patterns so they can be retrieved. This may include vivid imagery an verbal descriptions. 3. Motor reproduction - kines






50. Drive Reduction Theory