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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories
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clep
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teaching
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (Hull)- the notion that behavior occurs in reponse to 'drives' such as hunger - thirst - sexual interest - feeling cold - etc. When the goal of the drive is attained (food - water - mating - warmth) the drive is reduced - and this constitutes reinfor
Drive Reduction Theory
Cognitive Perspective
Abraham Maslow
Observational Learning
2. Explanation of development that focuses on the quality of the early emotional relationships developed between children and their caregivers
Humanist Theories
Humanistic Perspective
William Kaye Estes
Attachment Theory
3. (Behaviorism)- One explanation for learning in behaviorism; an association is built between two events simply because they occured simultaneously or overlapping in time.For example - if food is presented while some auditory signal is given - a dog wi
Edward C. Tolman
Max Wertheimer 1880
Contiguity
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
4. Social Constructivism; The Zone of Proximal Development is a concept for which he is well known.
Lev Vygotsky
Observational Learning
Keneth W. Spence
Intervening variables
5. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.
Jean Piaget
Drive Reduction Theory
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Gardner
6. (Estes) - A theory developed by Estes that attempts to show how stimuli are sampled and attached to responses. A statistical learning theory.
Law of Effect
Jack Mezirow
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
J.P. Guilford
7. Vygotsky - ZPD refers to the observation that children - when learning a particular task or body of information - are unable initiallly to do the task. Later they can do it with the assistance of an adult or older child mentor - and finally they can
Self-Actualization
Edward C. Tolman
Albert Bandura
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
8. Drive Reduction Theory
Humanist Theories
Clark Hull
Behavioralism
Attachment Theory
9. Physiological- water - sleep food. Safety- security - shelter - protection Belongingness- love - friendship - acceptance. Ego Needs- prestige - status. Self Actualization- self fulfillment - enriching experiances
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10. Gestalt Theory
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Lev Vygotsky
Kurt Lewin
Kurt Koffka
11. Discrimination Learning
Keneth W. Spence
Sigmund Freud
Carl Rogers
Schema
12. Occurs when the presence of previously learned material interferes with the learning of new material.
David Ausubel
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Proactive inhibition
Self-Actualization
13. (Tolman)- the theory that animals (and humans) develop expectancy or anticipation of rewards for completing behaviors they have learned - and this expectancy functions as an internal incentive or motivation.
Contiguity
Law of Exercise
Expectancy Theory
TOTE's
14. (Piaget) - an element of a cognitive structure. Schema refers to a general potential to perform a class of behaviors - and content describes the conditions that prevail during any particular example of that potential being activated. (Schemata = plul
Self-Efficacy
Gardner
Kurt Lewin
Schema
15. Albert Bandura - 1. Attention - the learner must have his/her senses directed at the model 2. Retention - coding - and storing the patterns so they can be retrieved. This may include vivid imagery an verbal descriptions. 3. Motor reproduction - kines
Albert Bandura
Intervening variables
Observational Learning
Neo-behaviorism
16. Field Theoretical Approach
Abraham Maslow
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
Kurt Lewin
Bandura
17. Perception - Decision making - Attention - Memory - & Problem Solving
Neo-behaviorism
Statistical Learning Theory
Ivan Pavlov
Gestalt Learning Theory
18. Presented a theory of self-efficacy - or the importance of one's personal belief regarding self-ability and chances of success - as key to motivation.
Edward C. Tolman
Jerome Bruner
Operant Conditioning
Bandura
19. 1925 - Observational Learning
Albert Bandura
Erik Erikson
Expectancy Theory
Kurt Lewin
20. Knowledge is Constructed; the Learner is an Active Creator
Constructivism
John Seely Brown
Kurt Koffka
Leon Festinger
21. A transitional group - bridging the gap between behaviorism and cognitive theories of learning. timulus-Response; Intervening Internal Variables; Purposive Behavior; E.C.Tolman - Clark Hull - Kenneth W. Spence
Albert Bandura
Proactive inhibition
Schema
Neo-behaviorism
22. Development; Concepts: stages of moral development; Study Basics: Studied boys responses to and processes of reasoning in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma is 'Heinz' who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he ste
Self-Actualization
Edwin Guthrie
Keneth W. Spence
Kohlberg
23. Humanistic; Transformational Learning
Jack Mezirow
Gilligan
Inert knowledge
TOTE's
24. (Thorndike) - Responses which occur just prior to a satisfying state of affairs are more likely to be repeated - and responses just prior to an annoying state of affairs are more likely NOT to be repeated.
Jean Piaget
Kohlberg
Law of Effect
Social Learning Theory
25. Insight Learning
Wolfgang Kohler
Lev Vygotsky
David Ausubel
Edward C. Tolman
26. Cognitive Apprenticeship
J.P. Guilford
John Seely Brown
Jerome Bruner
Self-Efficacy
27. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.
Neo-behaviorism
Law of Exercise
Operant Conditioning
John Seely Brown
28. Sign Theory & Latent Learning
Neo-behaviorism
Attachment Theory
Expectancy Theory
Edward C. Tolman
29. While earlier theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems - humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Some of these theorists include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
Drive Reduction Theory
Expectancy Theory
J.P. Guilford
Humanist Theories
30. Emotions and Affect Play a Role in Learning
Jack Mezirow
Clark Hull
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Humanistic Perspective
31. Follower of Jean Piaget. Developed and researched advanced organizers. Developed subsumation theorty - that the primary process in learning is subsumation where new material is relation to relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure in a subst
David Ausubel
Bandura
J.P. Guilford
Jean Piaget
32. A learning theory in which the probablity of a response is the dependent variable. Independent variables are usually stimuli controlled by the researcher. These are attempts to quantify and objectify learning research.
Gilligan
Jean Piaget
Statistical Learning Theory
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
33. In the study of motivation - an explanation of behavior that asserts that people actively and regularly determine their own goals and the means of achieving them through thought.
Lev Vygotsky
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Attachment Theory
Cognitive Theories
34. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response take the form of neural connections. Learning involves the 'stamping in' of connections - forgetting involves 'stamping out' connections.
Connectionism
Discrimination Learning Theory
Self-Efficacy
Kohlberg
35. According to Maslow - the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential
Discrimination Learning Theory
Jerome Bruner
Self-Efficacy
Self-Actualization
36. Contiguity Theory; 'One-Trial Learning' (Behaviorism)
Cognitive Perspective
Gardner
Social Learning Theory
Edwin Guthrie
37. Cognitive Dissonance
Leon Festinger
Kurt Koffka
Observational Learning
Carl Rogers
38. Learning as a Mental Process
Gilligan
Sigmund Freud
David Ausubel
Cognitive Perspective
39. Constructive Knowledge.Construct with ideas and concepts of what they know.
Operant Conditioning
Inert knowledge
Bandura
Brunner
40. The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
Social Learning Theory
Jean Piaget
Carl Rogers
Proactive inhibition
41. Gestalt Learning Theory
Max Wertheimer 1880
John Seely Brown
Gilligan
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
42. Operant Conditioning
Statistical Learning Theory
Gardner
B. F. Skinner
Self-Efficacy
43. Freud's theory which emphasized that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in he first few years is crucial for healthy personality development
Expectancy Theory
Kohlberg
Jerome Bruner
Psychosexual Theory
44. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'
Jean Piaget
William Kaye Estes
Erik Erikson
Clark Hull
45. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.
Law of Exercise
Behavioralism
Humanist Theories
Cognitive Perspective
46. Learning as a group process; Lev Vygotsky 1896 - 1935 Social Constructivism
Edward L.Thorndike
Social Learning Perspective
Schema
TOTE's
47. Humanistic; Experiential Learning
Carl Rogers
Kurt Koffka
TOTE's
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
48. Connectionism; Wrote the thesis - 'Animal Intelligence: An Experimental Study of the Associative Processes in Animals' - in which he concluded that an experimental approach is the only way to understand learning and established his famous 'Law of Eff
Jean Piaget
Statistical Learning Theory
Edward L.Thorndike
Inert knowledge
49. Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor - 2. preoperational - 3. concrete operational - and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation
Lev Vygotsky
Jean Piaget
David Ausubel
Connectionism
50. Theory of Classical Conditioning
Connectionism
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Ivan Pavlov
Law of Effect