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CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories

Subjects : clep, teaching
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cognitive Apprenticeship






2. Insight Learning






3. Coined the term 'Behaviorism'






4. Contiguity Theory; 'One-Trial Learning' (Behaviorism)






5. (Behaviorism - Skinner)- a model which states that when a resonse is followed by a reinforcer - the result will be an increase in the probability that this response will occur again under similar conditions.






6. Gestalt Theory






7. Emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development - Developed the idea of the 'Zone of Proximal Development -' mainly focused on cognitive development of children.






8. Development; Concepts: stages of moral development; Study Basics: Studied boys responses to and processes of reasoning in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma is 'Heinz' who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he ste






9. Operant Conditioning






10. Humanistic; Experiential Learning






11. Social Constructivism; The Zone of Proximal Development is a concept for which he is well known.






12. Albert Bandura - 1. Attention - the learner must have his/her senses directed at the model 2. Retention - coding - and storing the patterns so they can be retrieved. This may include vivid imagery an verbal descriptions. 3. Motor reproduction - kines






13. (Tolman)- the theory that animals (and humans) develop expectancy or anticipation of rewards for completing behaviors they have learned - and this expectancy functions as an internal incentive or motivation.






14. Variables being observed and measured in response to the independent variables - such as amount of time taken to learn a task or respond after a stimulus is given - number of responses - etc.






15. Psychoanalytic Theory of Learning; The role of the Unconscious Mind in Learning






16. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.






17. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.






18. Humanistic; Transformational Learning






19. A learning theory in which the probablity of a response is the dependent variable. Independent variables are usually stimuli controlled by the researcher. These are attempts to quantify and objectify learning research.






20. Gestalt Learning Theory






21. 1925 - Observational Learning






22. Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)






23. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.






24. Cognitive Dissonance






25. Knowledge is Constructed; the Learner is an Active Creator






26. Perception - Decision making - Attention - Memory - & Problem Solving






27. Freud's theory which emphasized that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in he first few years is crucial for healthy personality development






28. Discrimination Learning






29. Field Theoretical Approach






30. In the study of motivation - an explanation of behavior that asserts that people actively and regularly determine their own goals and the means of achieving them through thought.






31. Drive Reduction Theory






32. Constructivist; Genetic Epistemology; Stages of Cognitive Development






33. Learning as a Mental Process






34. (Piaget) - an element of a cognitive structure. Schema refers to a general potential to perform a class of behaviors - and content describes the conditions that prevail during any particular example of that potential being activated. (Schemata = plul






35. Physiological- water - sleep food. Safety- security - shelter - protection Belongingness- love - friendship - acceptance. Ego Needs- prestige - status. Self Actualization- self fulfillment - enriching experiances


36. (Spence)- reinforcement combined with frustration or inhibitors facilitated finding a correct stimulus among a cluster which included incorrect ones. This was a 'carrot and stick' model.






37. Humanistic Theory of Learning






38. The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished






39. According to Maslow - the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential






40. Structure of intellect stipulated that intelligence depends on our mental operations (or process of thinking) - our thoughts (i.e. - content) - and the products or end results of these operations.






41. Development; Concepts: gender in moral development; Study Basics: Did moral development studies to follow up Kohlberg. She studied girls and women and found that they did not score as high on his six stage scale because they focused more on relations






42. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.






43. Constructive Knowledge.Construct with ideas and concepts of what they know.






44. Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor - 2. preoperational - 3. concrete operational - and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation






45. Sign Theory & Latent Learning






46. Multiple intelligence theory specifies seven different intelligences that presume a broadened definition of intelligence.






47. Constructivist; published The Process of Education; theories emphasize the significance of categorization in learning






48. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'






49. Refers to one's belief about one's ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes. Those with high levels for a particular task are more likely to succeed than those with low levels






50. Explanation of development that focuses on the quality of the early emotional relationships developed between children and their caregivers