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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories
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clep
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teaching
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response take the form of neural connections. Learning involves the 'stamping in' of connections - forgetting involves 'stamping out' connections.
Brunner
Connectionism
Bandura
Proactive inhibition
2. Humanistic Theory of Learning
Edward L.Thorndike
Clark Hull
Abraham Maslow
Inert knowledge
3. (Behaviorism - Skinner)- a model which states that when a resonse is followed by a reinforcer - the result will be an increase in the probability that this response will occur again under similar conditions.
Lev Vygotsky
Social Learning Perspective
Operant Conditioning
Brunner
4. A learning theory in which the probablity of a response is the dependent variable. Independent variables are usually stimuli controlled by the researcher. These are attempts to quantify and objectify learning research.
Statistical Learning Theory
Attachment Theory
Jack Mezirow
Psychosexual Theory
5. Constructivist; published The Process of Education; theories emphasize the significance of categorization in learning
TOTE's
Albert Bandura
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Jerome Bruner
6. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'
Erik Erikson
Carl Rogers
Constructivism
Brunner
7. Sign Theory & Latent Learning
Wolfgang Kohler
Jean Piaget
David Ausubel
Edward C. Tolman
8. Explanation of development that focuses on the quality of the early emotional relationships developed between children and their caregivers
Jean Piaget
Gardner
Attachment Theory
Discrimination Learning Theory
9. Emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development - Developed the idea of the 'Zone of Proximal Development -' mainly focused on cognitive development of children.
Kurt Koffka
Sigmund Freud
Lev Vygotsky
Attachment Theory
10. Structure of intellect stipulated that intelligence depends on our mental operations (or process of thinking) - our thoughts (i.e. - content) - and the products or end results of these operations.
Edwin Guthrie
Erik Erikson
Cognitive Perspective
J.P. Guilford
11. (Behaviorism)- One explanation for learning in behaviorism; an association is built between two events simply because they occured simultaneously or overlapping in time.For example - if food is presented while some auditory signal is given - a dog wi
Albert Bandura
Wolfgang Kohler
Edwin Guthrie
Contiguity
12. (Tolman) - these are hypothetical constructs rather than physical parameters. They are definable and measurable but not observable. They have functional relationships with both independent and dependent variables. They are internal cognitive processe
Law of Exercise
Intervening variables
Keneth W. Spence
Attachment Theory
13. (Spence)- reinforcement combined with frustration or inhibitors facilitated finding a correct stimulus among a cluster which included incorrect ones. This was a 'carrot and stick' model.
Discrimination Learning Theory
Humanistic Perspective
TOTE's
Albert Bandura
14. Learning as a group process; Lev Vygotsky 1896 - 1935 Social Constructivism
Social Learning Theory
Social Learning Perspective
Statistical Learning Theory
Discrimination Learning Theory
15. Freud's theory which emphasized that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in he first few years is crucial for healthy personality development
Erik Erikson
B. F. Skinner
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Psychosexual Theory
16. According to Maslow - the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential
Self-Actualization
John Seely Brown
Leon Festinger
Clark Hull
17. Perception - Decision making - Attention - Memory - & Problem Solving
Gardner
Gestalt Learning Theory
Carl Rogers
Proactive inhibition
18. (Tolman)- the theory that animals (and humans) develop expectancy or anticipation of rewards for completing behaviors they have learned - and this expectancy functions as an internal incentive or motivation.
Expectancy Theory
Kurt Koffka
Drive Reduction Theory
Intervening variables
19. Constructive Knowledge.Construct with ideas and concepts of what they know.
Brunner
Social Learning Perspective
Humanist Theories
Statistical Learning Theory
20. Variables being observed and measured in response to the independent variables - such as amount of time taken to learn a task or respond after a stimulus is given - number of responses - etc.
Kurt Koffka
Kurt Lewin
Dependent variables
Leon Festinger
21. Presented a theory of self-efficacy - or the importance of one's personal belief regarding self-ability and chances of success - as key to motivation.
Bandura
Jerome Bruner
Wolfgang Kohler
Ivan Pavlov
22. Knowledge is Constructed; the Learner is an Active Creator
Bandura
Constructivism
Erik Erikson
Social Learning Theory
23. 1925 - Observational Learning
Albert Bandura
Discrimination Learning Theory
Edward L.Thorndike
Gilligan
24. Gestalt Theory
Max Wertheimer 1880
Expectancy Theory
Gilligan
Kurt Koffka
25. While earlier theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems - humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Some of these theorists include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
Humanist Theories
Self-Actualization
Drive Reduction Theory
William Kaye Estes
26. The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
Contiguity
Social Learning Theory
Psychosexual Theory
Constructivism
27. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.
Inert knowledge
William Kaye Estes
Keneth W. Spence
Wolfgang Kohler
28. Humanistic; Experiential Learning
Carl Rogers
Discrimination Learning Theory
Gardner
Expectancy Theory
29. Constructivist; Genetic Epistemology; Stages of Cognitive Development
Jean Piaget
David Ausubel
Humanistic Perspective
Dependent variables
30. Operant Conditioning
Schema
B. F. Skinner
Sigmund Freud
Law of Exercise
31. (Piaget) - an element of a cognitive structure. Schema refers to a general potential to perform a class of behaviors - and content describes the conditions that prevail during any particular example of that potential being activated. (Schemata = plul
Neo-behaviorism
Schema
TOTE's
Gardner
32. Contiguity Theory; 'One-Trial Learning' (Behaviorism)
Edwin Guthrie
Wolfgang Kohler
Humanist Theories
Statistical Learning Theory
33. Refers to one's belief about one's ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes. Those with high levels for a particular task are more likely to succeed than those with low levels
Self-Efficacy
Law of Exercise
Drive Reduction Theory
Kurt Koffka
34. Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor - 2. preoperational - 3. concrete operational - and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation
Jean Piaget
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Ivan Pavlov
Jack Mezirow
35. Cognitive Dissonance
Cognitive Theories
Gilligan
Leon Festinger
Lev Vygotsky
36. Vygotsky - ZPD refers to the observation that children - when learning a particular task or body of information - are unable initiallly to do the task. Later they can do it with the assistance of an adult or older child mentor - and finally they can
William Kaye Estes
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
Edward L.Thorndike
37. Physiological- water - sleep food. Safety- security - shelter - protection Belongingness- love - friendship - acceptance. Ego Needs- prestige - status. Self Actualization- self fulfillment - enriching experiances
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38. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.
Inert knowledge
Law of Exercise
Schema
Contiguity
39. Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
William Kaye Estes
Self-Actualization
Albert Bandura
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
40. Occurs when the presence of previously learned material interferes with the learning of new material.
Proactive inhibition
Keneth W. Spence
Bandura
Psychosexual Theory
41. (Thorndike) - Responses which occur just prior to a satisfying state of affairs are more likely to be repeated - and responses just prior to an annoying state of affairs are more likely NOT to be repeated.
B. F. Skinner
Law of Effect
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Gestalt Learning Theory
42. Discrimination Learning
Kurt Lewin
Keneth W. Spence
Gestalt Learning Theory
William Kaye Estes
43. Theory of Classical Conditioning
Brunner
Gardner
Dependent variables
Ivan Pavlov
44. Gestalt Learning Theory
Albert Bandura
Wolfgang Kohler
Max Wertheimer 1880
B. F. Skinner
45. Follower of Jean Piaget. Developed and researched advanced organizers. Developed subsumation theorty - that the primary process in learning is subsumation where new material is relation to relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure in a subst
Kohlberg
Sigmund Freud
Self-Efficacy
David Ausubel
46. Insight Learning
Gestalt Learning Theory
Carl Rogers
Behavioralism
Wolfgang Kohler
47. (Estes) - A theory developed by Estes that attempts to show how stimuli are sampled and attached to responses. A statistical learning theory.
Law of Effect
Keneth W. Spence
Albert Bandura
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
48. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.
Edwin Guthrie
Lev Vygotsky
Behavioralism
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
49. Albert Bandura - 1. Attention - the learner must have his/her senses directed at the model 2. Retention - coding - and storing the patterns so they can be retrieved. This may include vivid imagery an verbal descriptions. 3. Motor reproduction - kines
Schema
J.P. Guilford
Social Learning Theory
Observational Learning
50. Field Theoretical Approach
Social Learning Theory
Kurt Lewin
Self-Efficacy
John Seely Brown