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CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories

Subjects : clep, teaching
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Freud's theory which emphasized that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in he first few years is crucial for healthy personality development






2. Field Theoretical Approach






3. Occurs when the presence of previously learned material interferes with the learning of new material.






4. Social Constructivism; The Zone of Proximal Development is a concept for which he is well known.






5. (Tolman) - these are hypothetical constructs rather than physical parameters. They are definable and measurable but not observable. They have functional relationships with both independent and dependent variables. They are internal cognitive processe






6. According to Maslow - the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential






7. Vygotsky - ZPD refers to the observation that children - when learning a particular task or body of information - are unable initiallly to do the task. Later they can do it with the assistance of an adult or older child mentor - and finally they can






8. Sign Theory & Latent Learning






9. Insight Learning






10. Emotions and Affect Play a Role in Learning






11. Emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development - Developed the idea of the 'Zone of Proximal Development -' mainly focused on cognitive development of children.






12. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'






13. Theory of Classical Conditioning






14. Follower of Jean Piaget. Developed and researched advanced organizers. Developed subsumation theorty - that the primary process in learning is subsumation where new material is relation to relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure in a subst






15. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.






16. Discrimination Learning






17. The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished






18. Constructive Knowledge.Construct with ideas and concepts of what they know.






19. Gestalt Learning Theory






20. Explanation of development that focuses on the quality of the early emotional relationships developed between children and their caregivers






21. Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)






22. Cognitive Dissonance






23. (Thorndike) - Responses which occur just prior to a satisfying state of affairs are more likely to be repeated - and responses just prior to an annoying state of affairs are more likely NOT to be repeated.






24. (Spence)- reinforcement combined with frustration or inhibitors facilitated finding a correct stimulus among a cluster which included incorrect ones. This was a 'carrot and stick' model.






25. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.






26. Albert Bandura - 1. Attention - the learner must have his/her senses directed at the model 2. Retention - coding - and storing the patterns so they can be retrieved. This may include vivid imagery an verbal descriptions. 3. Motor reproduction - kines






27. Constructivist; Genetic Epistemology; Stages of Cognitive Development






28. Cognitive Apprenticeship






29. Structure of intellect stipulated that intelligence depends on our mental operations (or process of thinking) - our thoughts (i.e. - content) - and the products or end results of these operations.






30. Drive Reduction Theory






31. (Estes) - A theory developed by Estes that attempts to show how stimuli are sampled and attached to responses. A statistical learning theory.






32. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.






33. A learning theory in which the probablity of a response is the dependent variable. Independent variables are usually stimuli controlled by the researcher. These are attempts to quantify and objectify learning research.






34. Knowledge is Constructed; the Learner is an Active Creator






35. Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor - 2. preoperational - 3. concrete operational - and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation






36. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.






37. (Piaget) - an element of a cognitive structure. Schema refers to a general potential to perform a class of behaviors - and content describes the conditions that prevail during any particular example of that potential being activated. (Schemata = plul






38. Presented a theory of self-efficacy - or the importance of one's personal belief regarding self-ability and chances of success - as key to motivation.






39. Development; Concepts: gender in moral development; Study Basics: Did moral development studies to follow up Kohlberg. She studied girls and women and found that they did not score as high on his six stage scale because they focused more on relations






40. Development; Concepts: stages of moral development; Study Basics: Studied boys responses to and processes of reasoning in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma is 'Heinz' who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he ste






41. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response take the form of neural connections. Learning involves the 'stamping in' of connections - forgetting involves 'stamping out' connections.






42. Multiple intelligence theory specifies seven different intelligences that presume a broadened definition of intelligence.






43. Humanistic; Experiential Learning






44. Psychoanalytic Theory of Learning; The role of the Unconscious Mind in Learning






45. 1925 - Observational Learning






46. Learning as a group process; Lev Vygotsky 1896 - 1935 Social Constructivism






47. Variables being observed and measured in response to the independent variables - such as amount of time taken to learn a task or respond after a stimulus is given - number of responses - etc.






48. Learning as a Mental Process






49. Operant Conditioning






50. Contiguity Theory; 'One-Trial Learning' (Behaviorism)