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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories
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clep
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Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.
Lev Vygotsky
Inert knowledge
Behavioralism
William Kaye Estes
2. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Edward C. Tolman
Albert Bandura
Bandura
3. Cognitive Dissonance
Behavioralism
Leon Festinger
Inert knowledge
Abraham Maslow
4. The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
Attachment Theory
Proactive inhibition
Edward L.Thorndike
Social Learning Theory
5. Humanistic; Experiential Learning
Carl Rogers
Edwin Guthrie
Lev Vygotsky
Abraham Maslow
6. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'
Kohlberg
Ivan Pavlov
Constructivism
Erik Erikson
7. (Spence)- reinforcement combined with frustration or inhibitors facilitated finding a correct stimulus among a cluster which included incorrect ones. This was a 'carrot and stick' model.
Edward C. Tolman
Operant Conditioning
Discrimination Learning Theory
Lev Vygotsky
8. Gestalt Theory
Law of Exercise
Kurt Koffka
Schema
Carl Rogers
9. Learning as a group process; Lev Vygotsky 1896 - 1935 Social Constructivism
Social Learning Perspective
Observational Learning
Carl Rogers
Self-Efficacy
10. Development; Concepts: gender in moral development; Study Basics: Did moral development studies to follow up Kohlberg. She studied girls and women and found that they did not score as high on his six stage scale because they focused more on relations
Gilligan
Dependent variables
Inert knowledge
Behavioralism
11. (Behaviorism)- One explanation for learning in behaviorism; an association is built between two events simply because they occured simultaneously or overlapping in time.For example - if food is presented while some auditory signal is given - a dog wi
Contiguity
Law of Effect
Edward C. Tolman
Inert knowledge
12. Variables being observed and measured in response to the independent variables - such as amount of time taken to learn a task or respond after a stimulus is given - number of responses - etc.
Dependent variables
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Max Wertheimer 1880
Keneth W. Spence
13. (Tolman)- the theory that animals (and humans) develop expectancy or anticipation of rewards for completing behaviors they have learned - and this expectancy functions as an internal incentive or motivation.
Kohlberg
Drive Reduction Theory
Expectancy Theory
Intervening variables
14. Refers to one's belief about one's ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes. Those with high levels for a particular task are more likely to succeed than those with low levels
Self-Efficacy
Discrimination Learning Theory
Constructivism
Psychosexual Theory
15. A transitional group - bridging the gap between behaviorism and cognitive theories of learning. timulus-Response; Intervening Internal Variables; Purposive Behavior; E.C.Tolman - Clark Hull - Kenneth W. Spence
TOTE's
Humanistic Perspective
Dependent variables
Neo-behaviorism
16. Drive Reduction Theory
Humanistic Perspective
Clark Hull
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Abraham Maslow
17. Learning as a Mental Process
Cognitive Perspective
Jack Mezirow
Jean Piaget
Neo-behaviorism
18. Gestalt Learning Theory
Lev Vygotsky
Kurt Lewin
Max Wertheimer 1880
Clark Hull
19. Presented a theory of self-efficacy - or the importance of one's personal belief regarding self-ability and chances of success - as key to motivation.
Bandura
Jerome Bruner
Psychosexual Theory
Kurt Koffka
20. Constructivist; published The Process of Education; theories emphasize the significance of categorization in learning
Max Wertheimer 1880
Edwin Guthrie
Jerome Bruner
Statistical Learning Theory
21. 1925 - Observational Learning
Albert Bandura
Discrimination Learning Theory
Lev Vygotsky
Kurt Koffka
22. Humanistic; Transformational Learning
Sigmund Freud
Kurt Lewin
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Jack Mezirow
23. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.
TOTE's
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
Inert knowledge
Carl Rogers
24. Psychoanalytic Theory of Learning; The role of the Unconscious Mind in Learning
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Sigmund Freud
Brunner
Clark Hull
25. According to Maslow - the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential
Edward L.Thorndike
Self-Actualization
Jean Piaget
TOTE's
26. Physiological- water - sleep food. Safety- security - shelter - protection Belongingness- love - friendship - acceptance. Ego Needs- prestige - status. Self Actualization- self fulfillment - enriching experiances
27. Connectionism; Wrote the thesis - 'Animal Intelligence: An Experimental Study of the Associative Processes in Animals' - in which he concluded that an experimental approach is the only way to understand learning and established his famous 'Law of Eff
Leon Festinger
Edward L.Thorndike
Inert knowledge
Lev Vygotsky
28. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.
Law of Exercise
Carl Rogers
Constructivism
Law of Effect
29. Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor - 2. preoperational - 3. concrete operational - and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation
Social Learning Theory
Humanistic Perspective
Jean Piaget
Albert Bandura
30. Multiple intelligence theory specifies seven different intelligences that presume a broadened definition of intelligence.
Max Wertheimer 1880
Lev Vygotsky
Carl Rogers
Gardner
31. Structure of intellect stipulated that intelligence depends on our mental operations (or process of thinking) - our thoughts (i.e. - content) - and the products or end results of these operations.
Schema
Cognitive Theories
J.P. Guilford
David Ausubel
32. Humanistic Theory of Learning
Kurt Lewin
Schema
Abraham Maslow
John B. Watson
33. Follower of Jean Piaget. Developed and researched advanced organizers. Developed subsumation theorty - that the primary process in learning is subsumation where new material is relation to relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure in a subst
David Ausubel
Contiguity
Gardner
Cognitive Perspective
34. Emotions and Affect Play a Role in Learning
Edward C. Tolman
Jack Mezirow
Humanistic Perspective
B. F. Skinner
35. (Tolman) - these are hypothetical constructs rather than physical parameters. They are definable and measurable but not observable. They have functional relationships with both independent and dependent variables. They are internal cognitive processe
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Albert Bandura
Intervening variables
Schema
36. Sign Theory & Latent Learning
Albert Bandura
Kohlberg
Gestalt Learning Theory
Edward C. Tolman
37. Cognitive Apprenticeship
Social Learning Theory
John Seely Brown
Humanist Theories
TOTE's
38. Discrimination Learning
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Keneth W. Spence
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Social Learning Theory
39. Albert Bandura - 1. Attention - the learner must have his/her senses directed at the model 2. Retention - coding - and storing the patterns so they can be retrieved. This may include vivid imagery an verbal descriptions. 3. Motor reproduction - kines
Observational Learning
J.P. Guilford
TOTE's
Proactive inhibition
40. (G. A. Miller)- (Test - Operate - Test - Exit). These are operational feedback units that function within a self-regulated system.
41. Perception - Decision making - Attention - Memory - & Problem Solving
Neo-behaviorism
Gardner
Gestalt Learning Theory
Kurt Lewin
42. Operant Conditioning
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Lev Vygotsky
B. F. Skinner
Law of Exercise
43. Theory of Classical Conditioning
Connectionism
Kurt Lewin
Gardner
Ivan Pavlov
44. (Thorndike) - Responses which occur just prior to a satisfying state of affairs are more likely to be repeated - and responses just prior to an annoying state of affairs are more likely NOT to be repeated.
Law of Effect
Constructivism
John Seely Brown
Neo-behaviorism
45. (Behaviorism - Skinner)- a model which states that when a resonse is followed by a reinforcer - the result will be an increase in the probability that this response will occur again under similar conditions.
Operant Conditioning
Brunner
Self-Efficacy
Humanist Theories
46. Vygotsky - ZPD refers to the observation that children - when learning a particular task or body of information - are unable initiallly to do the task. Later they can do it with the assistance of an adult or older child mentor - and finally they can
Social Learning Theory
Lev Vygotsky
Law of Effect
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
47. Development; Concepts: stages of moral development; Study Basics: Studied boys responses to and processes of reasoning in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma is 'Heinz' who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he ste
William Kaye Estes
Leon Festinger
Kohlberg
Edward L.Thorndike
48. Constructive Knowledge.Construct with ideas and concepts of what they know.
Constructivism
Carl Rogers
Brunner
Law of Exercise
49. Knowledge is Constructed; the Learner is an Active Creator
Edward C. Tolman
Constructivism
Drive Reduction Theory
Law of Effect
50. Contiguity Theory; 'One-Trial Learning' (Behaviorism)
Edwin Guthrie
Behavioralism
Leon Festinger
Connectionism