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CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories

Subjects : clep, teaching
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development - Developed the idea of the 'Zone of Proximal Development -' mainly focused on cognitive development of children.






2. Gestalt Theory






3. A transitional group - bridging the gap between behaviorism and cognitive theories of learning. timulus-Response; Intervening Internal Variables; Purposive Behavior; E.C.Tolman - Clark Hull - Kenneth W. Spence






4. Contiguity Theory; 'One-Trial Learning' (Behaviorism)






5. Learning as a group process; Lev Vygotsky 1896 - 1935 Social Constructivism






6. Humanistic Theory of Learning






7. (Estes) - A theory developed by Estes that attempts to show how stimuli are sampled and attached to responses. A statistical learning theory.






8. Presented a theory of self-efficacy - or the importance of one's personal belief regarding self-ability and chances of success - as key to motivation.






9. (Thorndike) - Responses which occur just prior to a satisfying state of affairs are more likely to be repeated - and responses just prior to an annoying state of affairs are more likely NOT to be repeated.






10. Psychoanalytic Theory of Learning; The role of the Unconscious Mind in Learning






11. Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)






12. Operant Conditioning






13. Follower of Jean Piaget. Developed and researched advanced organizers. Developed subsumation theorty - that the primary process in learning is subsumation where new material is relation to relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure in a subst






14. Development; Concepts: stages of moral development; Study Basics: Studied boys responses to and processes of reasoning in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma is 'Heinz' who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he ste






15. Connectionism; Wrote the thesis - 'Animal Intelligence: An Experimental Study of the Associative Processes in Animals' - in which he concluded that an experimental approach is the only way to understand learning and established his famous 'Law of Eff






16. (Behaviorism)- One explanation for learning in behaviorism; an association is built between two events simply because they occured simultaneously or overlapping in time.For example - if food is presented while some auditory signal is given - a dog wi






17. Cognitive Apprenticeship






18. Emotions and Affect Play a Role in Learning






19. Constructive Knowledge.Construct with ideas and concepts of what they know.






20. Gestalt Learning Theory






21. Social Constructivism; The Zone of Proximal Development is a concept for which he is well known.






22. Discrimination Learning






23. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response take the form of neural connections. Learning involves the 'stamping in' of connections - forgetting involves 'stamping out' connections.






24. A learning theory in which the probablity of a response is the dependent variable. Independent variables are usually stimuli controlled by the researcher. These are attempts to quantify and objectify learning research.






25. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.






26. Constructivist; Genetic Epistemology; Stages of Cognitive Development






27. (Tolman)- the theory that animals (and humans) develop expectancy or anticipation of rewards for completing behaviors they have learned - and this expectancy functions as an internal incentive or motivation.






28. Cognitive Dissonance






29. Humanistic; Transformational Learning






30. Humanistic; Experiential Learning






31. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.






32. (G. A. Miller)- (Test - Operate - Test - Exit). These are operational feedback units that function within a self-regulated system.

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33. Variables being observed and measured in response to the independent variables - such as amount of time taken to learn a task or respond after a stimulus is given - number of responses - etc.






34. Development; Concepts: gender in moral development; Study Basics: Did moral development studies to follow up Kohlberg. She studied girls and women and found that they did not score as high on his six stage scale because they focused more on relations






35. Coined the term 'Behaviorism'






36. Drive Reduction Theory






37. Freud's theory which emphasized that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in he first few years is crucial for healthy personality development






38. Knowledge is Constructed; the Learner is an Active Creator






39. According to Maslow - the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential






40. Constructivist; published The Process of Education; theories emphasize the significance of categorization in learning






41. 1925 - Observational Learning






42. Multiple intelligence theory specifies seven different intelligences that presume a broadened definition of intelligence.






43. Explanation of development that focuses on the quality of the early emotional relationships developed between children and their caregivers






44. (Tolman) - these are hypothetical constructs rather than physical parameters. They are definable and measurable but not observable. They have functional relationships with both independent and dependent variables. They are internal cognitive processe






45. Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor - 2. preoperational - 3. concrete operational - and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation






46. Occurs when the presence of previously learned material interferes with the learning of new material.






47. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.






48. (Piaget) - an element of a cognitive structure. Schema refers to a general potential to perform a class of behaviors - and content describes the conditions that prevail during any particular example of that potential being activated. (Schemata = plul






49. Field Theoretical Approach






50. In the study of motivation - an explanation of behavior that asserts that people actively and regularly determine their own goals and the means of achieving them through thought.







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