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CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories

Subjects : clep, teaching
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development - Developed the idea of the 'Zone of Proximal Development -' mainly focused on cognitive development of children.






2. A transitional group - bridging the gap between behaviorism and cognitive theories of learning. timulus-Response; Intervening Internal Variables; Purposive Behavior; E.C.Tolman - Clark Hull - Kenneth W. Spence






3. Gestalt Theory






4. Humanistic; Experiential Learning






5. Learning as a Mental Process






6. Gestalt Learning Theory






7. Social Constructivism; The Zone of Proximal Development is a concept for which he is well known.






8. Knowledge is Constructed; the Learner is an Active Creator






9. 1925 - Observational Learning






10. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.






11. Humanistic Theory of Learning






12. (Tolman) - these are hypothetical constructs rather than physical parameters. They are definable and measurable but not observable. They have functional relationships with both independent and dependent variables. They are internal cognitive processe






13. Structure of intellect stipulated that intelligence depends on our mental operations (or process of thinking) - our thoughts (i.e. - content) - and the products or end results of these operations.






14. Discrimination Learning






15. (Thorndike) - Responses which occur just prior to a satisfying state of affairs are more likely to be repeated - and responses just prior to an annoying state of affairs are more likely NOT to be repeated.






16. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.






17. Albert Bandura - 1. Attention - the learner must have his/her senses directed at the model 2. Retention - coding - and storing the patterns so they can be retrieved. This may include vivid imagery an verbal descriptions. 3. Motor reproduction - kines






18. Physiological- water - sleep food. Safety- security - shelter - protection Belongingness- love - friendship - acceptance. Ego Needs- prestige - status. Self Actualization- self fulfillment - enriching experiances


19. According to Maslow - the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential






20. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response take the form of neural connections. Learning involves the 'stamping in' of connections - forgetting involves 'stamping out' connections.






21. Psychoanalytic Theory of Learning; The role of the Unconscious Mind in Learning






22. Cognitive Apprenticeship






23. (Behaviorism - Skinner)- a model which states that when a resonse is followed by a reinforcer - the result will be an increase in the probability that this response will occur again under similar conditions.






24. Drive Reduction Theory






25. Multiple intelligence theory specifies seven different intelligences that presume a broadened definition of intelligence.






26. Field Theoretical Approach






27. The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished






28. Learning as a group process; Lev Vygotsky 1896 - 1935 Social Constructivism






29. Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)






30. Sign Theory & Latent Learning






31. Vygotsky - ZPD refers to the observation that children - when learning a particular task or body of information - are unable initiallly to do the task. Later they can do it with the assistance of an adult or older child mentor - and finally they can






32. Coined the term 'Behaviorism'






33. (Tolman)- the theory that animals (and humans) develop expectancy or anticipation of rewards for completing behaviors they have learned - and this expectancy functions as an internal incentive or motivation.






34. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.






35. Connectionism; Wrote the thesis - 'Animal Intelligence: An Experimental Study of the Associative Processes in Animals' - in which he concluded that an experimental approach is the only way to understand learning and established his famous 'Law of Eff






36. (G. A. Miller)- (Test - Operate - Test - Exit). These are operational feedback units that function within a self-regulated system.


37. (Behaviorism)- One explanation for learning in behaviorism; an association is built between two events simply because they occured simultaneously or overlapping in time.For example - if food is presented while some auditory signal is given - a dog wi






38. Occurs when the presence of previously learned material interferes with the learning of new material.






39. Constructivist; published The Process of Education; theories emphasize the significance of categorization in learning






40. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.






41. Explanation of development that focuses on the quality of the early emotional relationships developed between children and their caregivers






42. Emotions and Affect Play a Role in Learning






43. Constructivist; Genetic Epistemology; Stages of Cognitive Development






44. Cognitive Dissonance






45. Perception - Decision making - Attention - Memory - & Problem Solving






46. Theory of Classical Conditioning






47. Contiguity Theory; 'One-Trial Learning' (Behaviorism)






48. (Hull)- the notion that behavior occurs in reponse to 'drives' such as hunger - thirst - sexual interest - feeling cold - etc. When the goal of the drive is attained (food - water - mating - warmth) the drive is reduced - and this constitutes reinfor






49. Humanistic; Transformational Learning






50. (Piaget) - an element of a cognitive structure. Schema refers to a general potential to perform a class of behaviors - and content describes the conditions that prevail during any particular example of that potential being activated. (Schemata = plul