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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories
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Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (Piaget) - an element of a cognitive structure. Schema refers to a general potential to perform a class of behaviors - and content describes the conditions that prevail during any particular example of that potential being activated. (Schemata = plul
Schema
Gestalt Learning Theory
Proactive inhibition
Kurt Koffka
2. Multiple intelligence theory specifies seven different intelligences that presume a broadened definition of intelligence.
Gardner
Self-Actualization
Bandura
Edward C. Tolman
3. The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
Law of Exercise
Jack Mezirow
Social Learning Theory
Neo-behaviorism
4. Constructivist; published The Process of Education; theories emphasize the significance of categorization in learning
Sigmund Freud
Jerome Bruner
Kurt Lewin
Self-Actualization
5. (Spence)- reinforcement combined with frustration or inhibitors facilitated finding a correct stimulus among a cluster which included incorrect ones. This was a 'carrot and stick' model.
Discrimination Learning Theory
Self-Efficacy
Lev Vygotsky
Gardner
6. Field Theoretical Approach
Kurt Lewin
Wolfgang Kohler
Social Learning Perspective
Kurt Koffka
7. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.
Carl Rogers
Social Learning Theory
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Behavioralism
8. Perception - Decision making - Attention - Memory - & Problem Solving
Jerome Bruner
Cognitive Theories
Gestalt Learning Theory
Inert knowledge
9. Freud's theory which emphasized that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in he first few years is crucial for healthy personality development
Humanistic Perspective
Brunner
Psychosexual Theory
Law of Effect
10. A transitional group - bridging the gap between behaviorism and cognitive theories of learning. timulus-Response; Intervening Internal Variables; Purposive Behavior; E.C.Tolman - Clark Hull - Kenneth W. Spence
Drive Reduction Theory
Contiguity
B. F. Skinner
Neo-behaviorism
11. (Behaviorism - Skinner)- a model which states that when a resonse is followed by a reinforcer - the result will be an increase in the probability that this response will occur again under similar conditions.
Self-Actualization
Operant Conditioning
Neo-behaviorism
Jack Mezirow
12. Variables being observed and measured in response to the independent variables - such as amount of time taken to learn a task or respond after a stimulus is given - number of responses - etc.
Discrimination Learning Theory
Edward C. Tolman
Dependent variables
Observational Learning
13. Development; Concepts: gender in moral development; Study Basics: Did moral development studies to follow up Kohlberg. She studied girls and women and found that they did not score as high on his six stage scale because they focused more on relations
Law of Exercise
Gilligan
Clark Hull
Erik Erikson
14. (Thorndike) - Responses which occur just prior to a satisfying state of affairs are more likely to be repeated - and responses just prior to an annoying state of affairs are more likely NOT to be repeated.
Constructivism
Social Learning Perspective
Law of Effect
Edward L.Thorndike
15. (G. A. Miller)- (Test - Operate - Test - Exit). These are operational feedback units that function within a self-regulated system.
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16. Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
William Kaye Estes
Keneth W. Spence
TOTE's
Brunner
17. Presented a theory of self-efficacy - or the importance of one's personal belief regarding self-ability and chances of success - as key to motivation.
Lev Vygotsky
Dependent variables
Bandura
J.P. Guilford
18. Learning as a group process; Lev Vygotsky 1896 - 1935 Social Constructivism
Bandura
Psychosexual Theory
Social Learning Perspective
Operant Conditioning
19. Follower of Jean Piaget. Developed and researched advanced organizers. Developed subsumation theorty - that the primary process in learning is subsumation where new material is relation to relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure in a subst
John Seely Brown
David Ausubel
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Law of Effect
20. Operant Conditioning
Sigmund Freud
B. F. Skinner
Social Learning Theory
Social Learning Perspective
21. Cognitive Apprenticeship
Kurt Koffka
Cognitive Perspective
John Seely Brown
Gardner
22. Vygotsky - ZPD refers to the observation that children - when learning a particular task or body of information - are unable initiallly to do the task. Later they can do it with the assistance of an adult or older child mentor - and finally they can
Cognitive Theories
Attachment Theory
Kurt Lewin
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
23. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response take the form of neural connections. Learning involves the 'stamping in' of connections - forgetting involves 'stamping out' connections.
William Kaye Estes
Observational Learning
Sigmund Freud
Connectionism
24. Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor - 2. preoperational - 3. concrete operational - and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation
Jean Piaget
Psychosexual Theory
Connectionism
Jack Mezirow
25. (Estes) - A theory developed by Estes that attempts to show how stimuli are sampled and attached to responses. A statistical learning theory.
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Sigmund Freud
Proactive inhibition
Gardner
26. (Behaviorism)- One explanation for learning in behaviorism; an association is built between two events simply because they occured simultaneously or overlapping in time.For example - if food is presented while some auditory signal is given - a dog wi
Lev Vygotsky
Jean Piaget
Jack Mezirow
Contiguity
27. Constructivist; Genetic Epistemology; Stages of Cognitive Development
Edwin Guthrie
Kurt Lewin
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
Jean Piaget
28. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'
Intervening variables
Jean Piaget
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Erik Erikson
29. According to Maslow - the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential
Self-Actualization
Law of Effect
Edwin Guthrie
Gardner
30. A learning theory in which the probablity of a response is the dependent variable. Independent variables are usually stimuli controlled by the researcher. These are attempts to quantify and objectify learning research.
B. F. Skinner
Statistical Learning Theory
TOTE's
Edwin Guthrie
31. Insight Learning
Law of Exercise
Discrimination Learning Theory
Wolfgang Kohler
Edward C. Tolman
32. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.
Schema
J.P. Guilford
Keneth W. Spence
Inert knowledge
33. Development; Concepts: stages of moral development; Study Basics: Studied boys responses to and processes of reasoning in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma is 'Heinz' who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he ste
TOTE's
Kohlberg
Connectionism
Erik Erikson
34. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.
Gilligan
Clark Hull
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Lev Vygotsky
35. (Tolman)- the theory that animals (and humans) develop expectancy or anticipation of rewards for completing behaviors they have learned - and this expectancy functions as an internal incentive or motivation.
Connectionism
Expectancy Theory
Gardner
Lev Vygotsky
36. Constructive Knowledge.Construct with ideas and concepts of what they know.
Max Wertheimer 1880
Brunner
Expectancy Theory
Operant Conditioning
37. Cognitive Dissonance
Sigmund Freud
Leon Festinger
Operant Conditioning
Edward L.Thorndike
38. Connectionism; Wrote the thesis - 'Animal Intelligence: An Experimental Study of the Associative Processes in Animals' - in which he concluded that an experimental approach is the only way to understand learning and established his famous 'Law of Eff
Edward L.Thorndike
Behavioralism
Statistical Learning Theory
Expectancy Theory
39. While earlier theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems - humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Some of these theorists include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
John Seely Brown
Edward L.Thorndike
Gardner
Humanist Theories
40. Learning as a Mental Process
Cognitive Perspective
Contiguity
Attachment Theory
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
41. Albert Bandura - 1. Attention - the learner must have his/her senses directed at the model 2. Retention - coding - and storing the patterns so they can be retrieved. This may include vivid imagery an verbal descriptions. 3. Motor reproduction - kines
Behavioralism
Kurt Koffka
Albert Bandura
Observational Learning
42. 1925 - Observational Learning
Lev Vygotsky
Albert Bandura
Attachment Theory
Edward C. Tolman
43. Structure of intellect stipulated that intelligence depends on our mental operations (or process of thinking) - our thoughts (i.e. - content) - and the products or end results of these operations.
TOTE's
Humanist Theories
Law of Effect
J.P. Guilford
44. Humanistic Theory of Learning
Clark Hull
Abraham Maslow
Max Wertheimer 1880
Inert knowledge
45. Social Constructivism; The Zone of Proximal Development is a concept for which he is well known.
Bandura
B. F. Skinner
Law of Exercise
Lev Vygotsky
46. Theory of Classical Conditioning
B. F. Skinner
Ivan Pavlov
Attachment Theory
TOTE's
47. Sign Theory & Latent Learning
Social Learning Theory
Constructivism
Edward C. Tolman
John B. Watson
48. Gestalt Learning Theory
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Max Wertheimer 1880
Operant Conditioning
49. (Tolman) - these are hypothetical constructs rather than physical parameters. They are definable and measurable but not observable. They have functional relationships with both independent and dependent variables. They are internal cognitive processe
Self-Actualization
Intervening variables
Behavioralism
Kurt Koffka
50. (Hull)- the notion that behavior occurs in reponse to 'drives' such as hunger - thirst - sexual interest - feeling cold - etc. When the goal of the drive is attained (food - water - mating - warmth) the drive is reduced - and this constitutes reinfor
John Seely Brown
Drive Reduction Theory
Self-Efficacy
Humanistic Perspective