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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories
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clep
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Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (Behaviorism)- One explanation for learning in behaviorism; an association is built between two events simply because they occured simultaneously or overlapping in time.For example - if food is presented while some auditory signal is given - a dog wi
Carl Rogers
Behavioralism
Contiguity
Albert Bandura
2. Albert Bandura - 1. Attention - the learner must have his/her senses directed at the model 2. Retention - coding - and storing the patterns so they can be retrieved. This may include vivid imagery an verbal descriptions. 3. Motor reproduction - kines
Kurt Lewin
Neo-behaviorism
Lev Vygotsky
Observational Learning
3. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.
Max Wertheimer 1880
Humanist Theories
Clark Hull
Inert knowledge
4. Theory of Classical Conditioning
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
Max Wertheimer 1880
Ivan Pavlov
Operant Conditioning
5. Humanistic; Transformational Learning
Jack Mezirow
David Ausubel
Carl Rogers
Observational Learning
6. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.
Behavioralism
Gestalt Learning Theory
Drive Reduction Theory
Social Learning Theory
7. Humanistic Theory of Learning
Abraham Maslow
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Psychosexual Theory
Max Wertheimer 1880
8. Gestalt Theory
Kurt Koffka
William Kaye Estes
Brunner
J.P. Guilford
9. Sign Theory & Latent Learning
Social Learning Perspective
Statistical Learning Theory
Connectionism
Edward C. Tolman
10. Operant Conditioning
Schema
Edwin Guthrie
B. F. Skinner
Self-Efficacy
11. Freud's theory which emphasized that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in he first few years is crucial for healthy personality development
Psychosexual Theory
Kurt Lewin
Lev Vygotsky
Jean Piaget
12. Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor - 2. preoperational - 3. concrete operational - and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation
Abraham Maslow
Jean Piaget
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
Lev Vygotsky
13. Structure of intellect stipulated that intelligence depends on our mental operations (or process of thinking) - our thoughts (i.e. - content) - and the products or end results of these operations.
Discrimination Learning Theory
J.P. Guilford
Social Learning Perspective
Social Learning Theory
14. Perception - Decision making - Attention - Memory - & Problem Solving
Gestalt Learning Theory
Cognitive Theories
Kurt Koffka
Albert Bandura
15. A transitional group - bridging the gap between behaviorism and cognitive theories of learning. timulus-Response; Intervening Internal Variables; Purposive Behavior; E.C.Tolman - Clark Hull - Kenneth W. Spence
Schema
Edward C. Tolman
Albert Bandura
Neo-behaviorism
16. Drive Reduction Theory
Lev Vygotsky
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Clark Hull
Wolfgang Kohler
17. Knowledge is Constructed; the Learner is an Active Creator
Law of Effect
Max Wertheimer 1880
Constructivism
Neo-behaviorism
18. According to Maslow - the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential
Psychosexual Theory
Kurt Koffka
Cognitive Theories
Self-Actualization
19. Constructive Knowledge.Construct with ideas and concepts of what they know.
Social Learning Theory
Gestalt Learning Theory
Brunner
Humanist Theories
20. Insight Learning
Jean Piaget
Edwin Guthrie
Social Learning Theory
Wolfgang Kohler
21. Vygotsky - ZPD refers to the observation that children - when learning a particular task or body of information - are unable initiallly to do the task. Later they can do it with the assistance of an adult or older child mentor - and finally they can
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Kurt Koffka
Inert knowledge
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
22. Variables being observed and measured in response to the independent variables - such as amount of time taken to learn a task or respond after a stimulus is given - number of responses - etc.
Law of Exercise
Dependent variables
Jerome Bruner
Edward L.Thorndike
23. Follower of Jean Piaget. Developed and researched advanced organizers. Developed subsumation theorty - that the primary process in learning is subsumation where new material is relation to relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure in a subst
Drive Reduction Theory
John Seely Brown
David Ausubel
Observational Learning
24. Learning as a Mental Process
Social Learning Perspective
Jean Piaget
Cognitive Perspective
Law of Exercise
25. Cognitive Apprenticeship
John Seely Brown
Schema
Humanistic Perspective
Kurt Koffka
26. Constructivist; Genetic Epistemology; Stages of Cognitive Development
Law of Effect
Jean Piaget
Dependent variables
Albert Bandura
27. Refers to one's belief about one's ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes. Those with high levels for a particular task are more likely to succeed than those with low levels
Neo-behaviorism
Self-Efficacy
Jean Piaget
Albert Bandura
28. Constructivist; published The Process of Education; theories emphasize the significance of categorization in learning
Edwin Guthrie
Self-Efficacy
Jerome Bruner
Attachment Theory
29. Explanation of development that focuses on the quality of the early emotional relationships developed between children and their caregivers
Ivan Pavlov
Erik Erikson
Attachment Theory
Social Learning Theory
30. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.
Jack Mezirow
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
David Ausubel
31. Social Constructivism; The Zone of Proximal Development is a concept for which he is well known.
Lev Vygotsky
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Jerome Bruner
Self-Actualization
32. (Tolman)- the theory that animals (and humans) develop expectancy or anticipation of rewards for completing behaviors they have learned - and this expectancy functions as an internal incentive or motivation.
Expectancy Theory
TOTE's
Discrimination Learning Theory
Jean Piaget
33. 1925 - Observational Learning
Keneth W. Spence
Edwin Guthrie
John B. Watson
Albert Bandura
34. A learning theory in which the probablity of a response is the dependent variable. Independent variables are usually stimuli controlled by the researcher. These are attempts to quantify and objectify learning research.
Albert Bandura
Self-Efficacy
TOTE's
Statistical Learning Theory
35. Coined the term 'Behaviorism'
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Self-Actualization
John B. Watson
John Seely Brown
36. (Spence)- reinforcement combined with frustration or inhibitors facilitated finding a correct stimulus among a cluster which included incorrect ones. This was a 'carrot and stick' model.
Dependent variables
Discrimination Learning Theory
Proactive inhibition
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
37. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response take the form of neural connections. Learning involves the 'stamping in' of connections - forgetting involves 'stamping out' connections.
Connectionism
Clark Hull
Gestalt Learning Theory
Albert Bandura
38. Discrimination Learning
Law of Effect
Edward L.Thorndike
Keneth W. Spence
Expectancy Theory
39. (Behaviorism - Skinner)- a model which states that when a resonse is followed by a reinforcer - the result will be an increase in the probability that this response will occur again under similar conditions.
Operant Conditioning
B. F. Skinner
Leon Festinger
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
40. Connectionism; Wrote the thesis - 'Animal Intelligence: An Experimental Study of the Associative Processes in Animals' - in which he concluded that an experimental approach is the only way to understand learning and established his famous 'Law of Eff
Dependent variables
Edward L.Thorndike
Lev Vygotsky
Abraham Maslow
41. Presented a theory of self-efficacy - or the importance of one's personal belief regarding self-ability and chances of success - as key to motivation.
Connectionism
Bandura
Self-Actualization
John B. Watson
42. (Piaget) - an element of a cognitive structure. Schema refers to a general potential to perform a class of behaviors - and content describes the conditions that prevail during any particular example of that potential being activated. (Schemata = plul
Schema
TOTE's
Albert Bandura
Lev Vygotsky
43. (G. A. Miller)- (Test - Operate - Test - Exit). These are operational feedback units that function within a self-regulated system.
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44. In the study of motivation - an explanation of behavior that asserts that people actively and regularly determine their own goals and the means of achieving them through thought.
Social Learning Theory
Jean Piaget
Schema
Cognitive Theories
45. Learning as a group process; Lev Vygotsky 1896 - 1935 Social Constructivism
Max Wertheimer 1880
Social Learning Perspective
TOTE's
Bandura
46. Field Theoretical Approach
Lev Vygotsky
Kurt Koffka
Kurt Lewin
Law of Effect
47. The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
Social Learning Theory
Drive Reduction Theory
David Ausubel
Wolfgang Kohler
48. Development; Concepts: gender in moral development; Study Basics: Did moral development studies to follow up Kohlberg. She studied girls and women and found that they did not score as high on his six stage scale because they focused more on relations
Proactive inhibition
Behavioralism
William Kaye Estes
Gilligan
49. (Tolman) - these are hypothetical constructs rather than physical parameters. They are definable and measurable but not observable. They have functional relationships with both independent and dependent variables. They are internal cognitive processe
Attachment Theory
Gardner
Intervening variables
Inert knowledge
50. Physiological- water - sleep food. Safety- security - shelter - protection Belongingness- love - friendship - acceptance. Ego Needs- prestige - status. Self Actualization- self fulfillment - enriching experiances
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