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CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories

Subjects : clep, teaching
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.






2. Drive Reduction Theory






3. A learning theory in which the probablity of a response is the dependent variable. Independent variables are usually stimuli controlled by the researcher. These are attempts to quantify and objectify learning research.






4. Occurs when the presence of previously learned material interferes with the learning of new material.






5. Sign Theory & Latent Learning






6. Explanation of development that focuses on the quality of the early emotional relationships developed between children and their caregivers






7. Humanistic; Transformational Learning






8. (Piaget) - an element of a cognitive structure. Schema refers to a general potential to perform a class of behaviors - and content describes the conditions that prevail during any particular example of that potential being activated. (Schemata = plul






9. Operant Conditioning






10. According to Maslow - the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential






11. (Thorndike) - Responses which occur just prior to a satisfying state of affairs are more likely to be repeated - and responses just prior to an annoying state of affairs are more likely NOT to be repeated.






12. Coined the term 'Behaviorism'






13. Emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development - Developed the idea of the 'Zone of Proximal Development -' mainly focused on cognitive development of children.






14. Gestalt Theory






15. Learning as a Mental Process






16. Constructivist; Genetic Epistemology; Stages of Cognitive Development






17. Insight Learning






18. Development; Concepts: gender in moral development; Study Basics: Did moral development studies to follow up Kohlberg. She studied girls and women and found that they did not score as high on his six stage scale because they focused more on relations






19. Connectionism; Wrote the thesis - 'Animal Intelligence: An Experimental Study of the Associative Processes in Animals' - in which he concluded that an experimental approach is the only way to understand learning and established his famous 'Law of Eff






20. Perception - Decision making - Attention - Memory - & Problem Solving






21. (Spence)- reinforcement combined with frustration or inhibitors facilitated finding a correct stimulus among a cluster which included incorrect ones. This was a 'carrot and stick' model.






22. Humanistic; Experiential Learning






23. 1925 - Observational Learning






24. Social Constructivism; The Zone of Proximal Development is a concept for which he is well known.






25. Vygotsky - ZPD refers to the observation that children - when learning a particular task or body of information - are unable initiallly to do the task. Later they can do it with the assistance of an adult or older child mentor - and finally they can






26. Field Theoretical Approach






27. Refers to one's belief about one's ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes. Those with high levels for a particular task are more likely to succeed than those with low levels






28. The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished






29. Cognitive Dissonance






30. (Behaviorism)- One explanation for learning in behaviorism; an association is built between two events simply because they occured simultaneously or overlapping in time.For example - if food is presented while some auditory signal is given - a dog wi






31. Cognitive Apprenticeship






32. Psychoanalytic Theory of Learning; The role of the Unconscious Mind in Learning






33. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.






34. Presented a theory of self-efficacy - or the importance of one's personal belief regarding self-ability and chances of success - as key to motivation.






35. (Hull)- the notion that behavior occurs in reponse to 'drives' such as hunger - thirst - sexual interest - feeling cold - etc. When the goal of the drive is attained (food - water - mating - warmth) the drive is reduced - and this constitutes reinfor






36. While earlier theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems - humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Some of these theorists include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.






37. In the study of motivation - an explanation of behavior that asserts that people actively and regularly determine their own goals and the means of achieving them through thought.






38. Development; Concepts: stages of moral development; Study Basics: Studied boys responses to and processes of reasoning in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma is 'Heinz' who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he ste






39. Physiological- water - sleep food. Safety- security - shelter - protection Belongingness- love - friendship - acceptance. Ego Needs- prestige - status. Self Actualization- self fulfillment - enriching experiances


40. Knowledge is Constructed; the Learner is an Active Creator






41. Constructivist; published The Process of Education; theories emphasize the significance of categorization in learning






42. Freud's theory which emphasized that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in he first few years is crucial for healthy personality development






43. (Behaviorism - Skinner)- a model which states that when a resonse is followed by a reinforcer - the result will be an increase in the probability that this response will occur again under similar conditions.






44. Discrimination Learning






45. Emotions and Affect Play a Role in Learning






46. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.






47. Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)






48. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response take the form of neural connections. Learning involves the 'stamping in' of connections - forgetting involves 'stamping out' connections.






49. Constructive Knowledge.Construct with ideas and concepts of what they know.






50. Contiguity Theory; 'One-Trial Learning' (Behaviorism)