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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories
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Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Learning as a Mental Process
Edward C. Tolman
Jack Mezirow
Cognitive Perspective
John Seely Brown
2. Connectionism; Wrote the thesis - 'Animal Intelligence: An Experimental Study of the Associative Processes in Animals' - in which he concluded that an experimental approach is the only way to understand learning and established his famous 'Law of Eff
Cognitive Perspective
Brunner
Contiguity
Edward L.Thorndike
3. Field Theoretical Approach
Connectionism
Kurt Lewin
Sigmund Freud
Ivan Pavlov
4. Explanation of development that focuses on the quality of the early emotional relationships developed between children and their caregivers
Kohlberg
Clark Hull
Attachment Theory
Jerome Bruner
5. Physiological- water - sleep food. Safety- security - shelter - protection Belongingness- love - friendship - acceptance. Ego Needs- prestige - status. Self Actualization- self fulfillment - enriching experiances
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6. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.
John B. Watson
Law of Exercise
Social Learning Theory
Lev Vygotsky
7. 1925 - Observational Learning
Albert Bandura
Sigmund Freud
TOTE's
Edward L.Thorndike
8. According to Maslow - the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential
Gilligan
Ivan Pavlov
Jerome Bruner
Self-Actualization
9. Social Constructivism; The Zone of Proximal Development is a concept for which he is well known.
Lev Vygotsky
Leon Festinger
Proactive inhibition
Carl Rogers
10. Vygotsky - ZPD refers to the observation that children - when learning a particular task or body of information - are unable initiallly to do the task. Later they can do it with the assistance of an adult or older child mentor - and finally they can
Social Learning Theory
Edward C. Tolman
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
Keneth W. Spence
11. Perception - Decision making - Attention - Memory - & Problem Solving
Gestalt Learning Theory
Jerome Bruner
Humanistic Perspective
Operant Conditioning
12. Presented a theory of self-efficacy - or the importance of one's personal belief regarding self-ability and chances of success - as key to motivation.
Proactive inhibition
Psychosexual Theory
Bandura
Law of Effect
13. Emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development - Developed the idea of the 'Zone of Proximal Development -' mainly focused on cognitive development of children.
Lev Vygotsky
Inert knowledge
Clark Hull
Humanistic Perspective
14. Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor - 2. preoperational - 3. concrete operational - and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation
Behavioralism
Jean Piaget
J.P. Guilford
Max Wertheimer 1880
15. Development; Concepts: stages of moral development; Study Basics: Studied boys responses to and processes of reasoning in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma is 'Heinz' who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he ste
John B. Watson
Kohlberg
Edward C. Tolman
Edwin Guthrie
16. The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
Social Learning Theory
John B. Watson
William Kaye Estes
Kohlberg
17. Insight Learning
David Ausubel
Self-Efficacy
Wolfgang Kohler
Intervening variables
18. Contiguity Theory; 'One-Trial Learning' (Behaviorism)
Albert Bandura
Dependent variables
Jean Piaget
Edwin Guthrie
19. Humanistic Theory of Learning
Jean Piaget
Abraham Maslow
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
Schema
20. (Behaviorism - Skinner)- a model which states that when a resonse is followed by a reinforcer - the result will be an increase in the probability that this response will occur again under similar conditions.
Operant Conditioning
Lev Vygotsky
Law of Exercise
Social Learning Perspective
21. Variables being observed and measured in response to the independent variables - such as amount of time taken to learn a task or respond after a stimulus is given - number of responses - etc.
Contiguity
Albert Bandura
Dependent variables
Humanistic Perspective
22. Freud's theory which emphasized that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in he first few years is crucial for healthy personality development
Wolfgang Kohler
Constructivism
Psychosexual Theory
Proactive inhibition
23. (Spence)- reinforcement combined with frustration or inhibitors facilitated finding a correct stimulus among a cluster which included incorrect ones. This was a 'carrot and stick' model.
Albert Bandura
Keneth W. Spence
Constructivism
Discrimination Learning Theory
24. Discrimination Learning
Humanist Theories
John Seely Brown
Keneth W. Spence
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
25. Operant Conditioning
Carl Rogers
B. F. Skinner
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
26. Albert Bandura - 1. Attention - the learner must have his/her senses directed at the model 2. Retention - coding - and storing the patterns so they can be retrieved. This may include vivid imagery an verbal descriptions. 3. Motor reproduction - kines
Edward C. Tolman
Observational Learning
Gilligan
Lev Vygotsky
27. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'
Erik Erikson
Lev Vygotsky
Brunner
B. F. Skinner
28. Structure of intellect stipulated that intelligence depends on our mental operations (or process of thinking) - our thoughts (i.e. - content) - and the products or end results of these operations.
William Kaye Estes
Statistical Learning Theory
J.P. Guilford
Gestalt Learning Theory
29. Constructivist; Genetic Epistemology; Stages of Cognitive Development
Jean Piaget
Max Wertheimer 1880
William Kaye Estes
Clark Hull
30. Learning as a group process; Lev Vygotsky 1896 - 1935 Social Constructivism
Expectancy Theory
Gardner
Discrimination Learning Theory
Social Learning Perspective
31. Cognitive Dissonance
Leon Festinger
Self-Efficacy
Keneth W. Spence
Lev Vygotsky
32. In the study of motivation - an explanation of behavior that asserts that people actively and regularly determine their own goals and the means of achieving them through thought.
Ivan Pavlov
Self-Actualization
Cognitive Theories
Gestalt Learning Theory
33. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Gestalt Learning Theory
Jack Mezirow
Max Wertheimer 1880
34. Occurs when the presence of previously learned material interferes with the learning of new material.
Self-Efficacy
Leon Festinger
B. F. Skinner
Proactive inhibition
35. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response take the form of neural connections. Learning involves the 'stamping in' of connections - forgetting involves 'stamping out' connections.
Sigmund Freud
David Ausubel
Dependent variables
Connectionism
36. (Estes) - A theory developed by Estes that attempts to show how stimuli are sampled and attached to responses. A statistical learning theory.
Gestalt Learning Theory
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Edward L.Thorndike
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
37. Cognitive Apprenticeship
John Seely Brown
Self-Actualization
Abraham Maslow
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
38. Knowledge is Constructed; the Learner is an Active Creator
Statistical Learning Theory
Attachment Theory
Constructivism
Wolfgang Kohler
39. Follower of Jean Piaget. Developed and researched advanced organizers. Developed subsumation theorty - that the primary process in learning is subsumation where new material is relation to relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure in a subst
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
David Ausubel
Kurt Koffka
William Kaye Estes
40. (Behaviorism)- One explanation for learning in behaviorism; an association is built between two events simply because they occured simultaneously or overlapping in time.For example - if food is presented while some auditory signal is given - a dog wi
Jean Piaget
Contiguity
Jerome Bruner
Max Wertheimer 1880
41. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.
Behavioralism
Edwin Guthrie
Contiguity
Humanist Theories
42. Multiple intelligence theory specifies seven different intelligences that presume a broadened definition of intelligence.
Gardner
Carl Rogers
Intervening variables
Edward L.Thorndike
43. Constructivist; published The Process of Education; theories emphasize the significance of categorization in learning
Jerome Bruner
Schema
Neo-behaviorism
Law of Exercise
44. (Tolman)- the theory that animals (and humans) develop expectancy or anticipation of rewards for completing behaviors they have learned - and this expectancy functions as an internal incentive or motivation.
TOTE's
Self-Actualization
Jack Mezirow
Expectancy Theory
45. (G. A. Miller)- (Test - Operate - Test - Exit). These are operational feedback units that function within a self-regulated system.
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46. A transitional group - bridging the gap between behaviorism and cognitive theories of learning. timulus-Response; Intervening Internal Variables; Purposive Behavior; E.C.Tolman - Clark Hull - Kenneth W. Spence
B. F. Skinner
Keneth W. Spence
Neo-behaviorism
Kurt Lewin
47. (Hull)- the notion that behavior occurs in reponse to 'drives' such as hunger - thirst - sexual interest - feeling cold - etc. When the goal of the drive is attained (food - water - mating - warmth) the drive is reduced - and this constitutes reinfor
Jean Piaget
Drive Reduction Theory
Constructivism
Cognitive Perspective
48. Gestalt Learning Theory
Jerome Bruner
Kurt Lewin
John Seely Brown
Max Wertheimer 1880
49. Humanistic; Experiential Learning
Carl Rogers
Edward L.Thorndike
John B. Watson
Connectionism
50. (Thorndike) - Responses which occur just prior to a satisfying state of affairs are more likely to be repeated - and responses just prior to an annoying state of affairs are more likely NOT to be repeated.
Law of Effect
Expectancy Theory
Statistical Learning Theory
Contiguity