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CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories

Subjects : clep, teaching
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1925 - Observational Learning






2. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.






3. The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished






4. In the study of motivation - an explanation of behavior that asserts that people actively and regularly determine their own goals and the means of achieving them through thought.






5. Physiological- water - sleep food. Safety- security - shelter - protection Belongingness- love - friendship - acceptance. Ego Needs- prestige - status. Self Actualization- self fulfillment - enriching experiances


6. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.






7. (Tolman)- the theory that animals (and humans) develop expectancy or anticipation of rewards for completing behaviors they have learned - and this expectancy functions as an internal incentive or motivation.






8. Presented a theory of self-efficacy - or the importance of one's personal belief regarding self-ability and chances of success - as key to motivation.






9. Occurs when the presence of previously learned material interferes with the learning of new material.






10. Development; Concepts: gender in moral development; Study Basics: Did moral development studies to follow up Kohlberg. She studied girls and women and found that they did not score as high on his six stage scale because they focused more on relations






11. Humanistic Theory of Learning






12. Learning as a group process; Lev Vygotsky 1896 - 1935 Social Constructivism






13. (Behaviorism - Skinner)- a model which states that when a resonse is followed by a reinforcer - the result will be an increase in the probability that this response will occur again under similar conditions.






14. (Hull)- the notion that behavior occurs in reponse to 'drives' such as hunger - thirst - sexual interest - feeling cold - etc. When the goal of the drive is attained (food - water - mating - warmth) the drive is reduced - and this constitutes reinfor






15. Constructivist; Genetic Epistemology; Stages of Cognitive Development






16. Discrimination Learning






17. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.






18. (Tolman) - these are hypothetical constructs rather than physical parameters. They are definable and measurable but not observable. They have functional relationships with both independent and dependent variables. They are internal cognitive processe






19. (Spence)- reinforcement combined with frustration or inhibitors facilitated finding a correct stimulus among a cluster which included incorrect ones. This was a 'carrot and stick' model.






20. A transitional group - bridging the gap between behaviorism and cognitive theories of learning. timulus-Response; Intervening Internal Variables; Purposive Behavior; E.C.Tolman - Clark Hull - Kenneth W. Spence






21. Theory of Classical Conditioning






22. Drive Reduction Theory






23. Emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development - Developed the idea of the 'Zone of Proximal Development -' mainly focused on cognitive development of children.






24. Learning as a Mental Process






25. Field Theoretical Approach






26. (Estes) - A theory developed by Estes that attempts to show how stimuli are sampled and attached to responses. A statistical learning theory.






27. Explanation of development that focuses on the quality of the early emotional relationships developed between children and their caregivers






28. Development; Concepts: stages of moral development; Study Basics: Studied boys responses to and processes of reasoning in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma is 'Heinz' who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he ste






29. Multiple intelligence theory specifies seven different intelligences that presume a broadened definition of intelligence.






30. Connectionism; Wrote the thesis - 'Animal Intelligence: An Experimental Study of the Associative Processes in Animals' - in which he concluded that an experimental approach is the only way to understand learning and established his famous 'Law of Eff






31. Gestalt Theory






32. Gestalt Learning Theory






33. Emotions and Affect Play a Role in Learning






34. Variables being observed and measured in response to the independent variables - such as amount of time taken to learn a task or respond after a stimulus is given - number of responses - etc.






35. Knowledge is Constructed; the Learner is an Active Creator






36. Follower of Jean Piaget. Developed and researched advanced organizers. Developed subsumation theorty - that the primary process in learning is subsumation where new material is relation to relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure in a subst






37. Sign Theory & Latent Learning






38. Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)






39. Insight Learning






40. Contiguity Theory; 'One-Trial Learning' (Behaviorism)






41. Constructivist; published The Process of Education; theories emphasize the significance of categorization in learning






42. Refers to one's belief about one's ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes. Those with high levels for a particular task are more likely to succeed than those with low levels






43. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.






44. While earlier theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems - humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Some of these theorists include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.






45. Cognitive Dissonance






46. Cognitive Apprenticeship






47. Humanistic; Transformational Learning






48. Psychoanalytic Theory of Learning; The role of the Unconscious Mind in Learning






49. Humanistic; Experiential Learning






50. (Behaviorism)- One explanation for learning in behaviorism; an association is built between two events simply because they occured simultaneously or overlapping in time.For example - if food is presented while some auditory signal is given - a dog wi