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CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories

Subjects : clep, teaching
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. According to Maslow - the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential






2. 1925 - Observational Learning






3. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.






4. Contiguity Theory; 'One-Trial Learning' (Behaviorism)






5. Constructivist; Genetic Epistemology; Stages of Cognitive Development






6. Humanistic Theory of Learning






7. Theory of Classical Conditioning






8. Learning as a Mental Process






9. Discrimination Learning






10. (Thorndike) - Responses which occur just prior to a satisfying state of affairs are more likely to be repeated - and responses just prior to an annoying state of affairs are more likely NOT to be repeated.






11. (Piaget) - an element of a cognitive structure. Schema refers to a general potential to perform a class of behaviors - and content describes the conditions that prevail during any particular example of that potential being activated. (Schemata = plul






12. Occurs when the presence of previously learned material interferes with the learning of new material.






13. (Behaviorism - Skinner)- a model which states that when a resonse is followed by a reinforcer - the result will be an increase in the probability that this response will occur again under similar conditions.






14. Connectionism; Wrote the thesis - 'Animal Intelligence: An Experimental Study of the Associative Processes in Animals' - in which he concluded that an experimental approach is the only way to understand learning and established his famous 'Law of Eff






15. (Hull)- the notion that behavior occurs in reponse to 'drives' such as hunger - thirst - sexual interest - feeling cold - etc. When the goal of the drive is attained (food - water - mating - warmth) the drive is reduced - and this constitutes reinfor






16. Knowledge is Constructed; the Learner is an Active Creator






17. Sign Theory & Latent Learning






18. Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor - 2. preoperational - 3. concrete operational - and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation






19. Refers to one's belief about one's ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes. Those with high levels for a particular task are more likely to succeed than those with low levels






20. Explanation of development that focuses on the quality of the early emotional relationships developed between children and their caregivers






21. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.






22. Emotions and Affect Play a Role in Learning






23. Operant Conditioning






24. Constructivist; published The Process of Education; theories emphasize the significance of categorization in learning






25. Albert Bandura - 1. Attention - the learner must have his/her senses directed at the model 2. Retention - coding - and storing the patterns so they can be retrieved. This may include vivid imagery an verbal descriptions. 3. Motor reproduction - kines






26. Gestalt Learning Theory






27. Perception - Decision making - Attention - Memory - & Problem Solving






28. Multiple intelligence theory specifies seven different intelligences that presume a broadened definition of intelligence.






29. Variables being observed and measured in response to the independent variables - such as amount of time taken to learn a task or respond after a stimulus is given - number of responses - etc.






30. A learning theory in which the probablity of a response is the dependent variable. Independent variables are usually stimuli controlled by the researcher. These are attempts to quantify and objectify learning research.






31. Freud's theory which emphasized that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in he first few years is crucial for healthy personality development






32. (G. A. Miller)- (Test - Operate - Test - Exit). These are operational feedback units that function within a self-regulated system.


33. Gestalt Theory






34. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.






35. Insight Learning






36. Psychoanalytic Theory of Learning; The role of the Unconscious Mind in Learning






37. (Tolman)- the theory that animals (and humans) develop expectancy or anticipation of rewards for completing behaviors they have learned - and this expectancy functions as an internal incentive or motivation.






38. A transitional group - bridging the gap between behaviorism and cognitive theories of learning. timulus-Response; Intervening Internal Variables; Purposive Behavior; E.C.Tolman - Clark Hull - Kenneth W. Spence






39. Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)






40. Drive Reduction Theory






41. Structure of intellect stipulated that intelligence depends on our mental operations (or process of thinking) - our thoughts (i.e. - content) - and the products or end results of these operations.






42. Cognitive Apprenticeship






43. Constructive Knowledge.Construct with ideas and concepts of what they know.






44. Follower of Jean Piaget. Developed and researched advanced organizers. Developed subsumation theorty - that the primary process in learning is subsumation where new material is relation to relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure in a subst






45. Humanistic; Experiential Learning






46. Presented a theory of self-efficacy - or the importance of one's personal belief regarding self-ability and chances of success - as key to motivation.






47. (Tolman) - these are hypothetical constructs rather than physical parameters. They are definable and measurable but not observable. They have functional relationships with both independent and dependent variables. They are internal cognitive processe






48. Field Theoretical Approach






49. Coined the term 'Behaviorism'






50. Humanistic; Transformational Learning