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CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories

Subjects : clep, teaching
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Variables being observed and measured in response to the independent variables - such as amount of time taken to learn a task or respond after a stimulus is given - number of responses - etc.






2. (Tolman)- the theory that animals (and humans) develop expectancy or anticipation of rewards for completing behaviors they have learned - and this expectancy functions as an internal incentive or motivation.






3. 1925 - Observational Learning






4. Gestalt Theory






5. Humanistic Theory of Learning






6. Discrimination Learning






7. Constructivist; Genetic Epistemology; Stages of Cognitive Development






8. Presented a theory of self-efficacy - or the importance of one's personal belief regarding self-ability and chances of success - as key to motivation.






9. Learning as a Mental Process






10. In the study of motivation - an explanation of behavior that asserts that people actively and regularly determine their own goals and the means of achieving them through thought.






11. Learning as a group process; Lev Vygotsky 1896 - 1935 Social Constructivism






12. Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor - 2. preoperational - 3. concrete operational - and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation






13. Follower of Jean Piaget. Developed and researched advanced organizers. Developed subsumation theorty - that the primary process in learning is subsumation where new material is relation to relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure in a subst






14. (Spence)- reinforcement combined with frustration or inhibitors facilitated finding a correct stimulus among a cluster which included incorrect ones. This was a 'carrot and stick' model.






15. Emotions and Affect Play a Role in Learning






16. Humanistic; Transformational Learning






17. (Behaviorism - Skinner)- a model which states that when a resonse is followed by a reinforcer - the result will be an increase in the probability that this response will occur again under similar conditions.






18. Emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development - Developed the idea of the 'Zone of Proximal Development -' mainly focused on cognitive development of children.






19. Insight Learning






20. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.






21. Physiological- water - sleep food. Safety- security - shelter - protection Belongingness- love - friendship - acceptance. Ego Needs- prestige - status. Self Actualization- self fulfillment - enriching experiances


22. Social Constructivism; The Zone of Proximal Development is a concept for which he is well known.






23. Sign Theory & Latent Learning






24. Operant Conditioning






25. Perception - Decision making - Attention - Memory - & Problem Solving






26. Cognitive Dissonance






27. Constructive Knowledge.Construct with ideas and concepts of what they know.






28. Drive Reduction Theory






29. While earlier theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems - humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Some of these theorists include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.






30. Development; Concepts: gender in moral development; Study Basics: Did moral development studies to follow up Kohlberg. She studied girls and women and found that they did not score as high on his six stage scale because they focused more on relations






31. (Estes) - A theory developed by Estes that attempts to show how stimuli are sampled and attached to responses. A statistical learning theory.






32. Contiguity Theory; 'One-Trial Learning' (Behaviorism)






33. (Tolman) - these are hypothetical constructs rather than physical parameters. They are definable and measurable but not observable. They have functional relationships with both independent and dependent variables. They are internal cognitive processe






34. Vygotsky - ZPD refers to the observation that children - when learning a particular task or body of information - are unable initiallly to do the task. Later they can do it with the assistance of an adult or older child mentor - and finally they can






35. Multiple intelligence theory specifies seven different intelligences that presume a broadened definition of intelligence.






36. Theory of Classical Conditioning






37. Gestalt Learning Theory






38. Refers to one's belief about one's ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes. Those with high levels for a particular task are more likely to succeed than those with low levels






39. Development; Concepts: stages of moral development; Study Basics: Studied boys responses to and processes of reasoning in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma is 'Heinz' who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he ste






40. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.






41. Freud's theory which emphasized that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in he first few years is crucial for healthy personality development






42. Cognitive Apprenticeship






43. According to Maslow - the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential






44. Humanistic; Experiential Learning






45. Psychoanalytic Theory of Learning; The role of the Unconscious Mind in Learning






46. A transitional group - bridging the gap between behaviorism and cognitive theories of learning. timulus-Response; Intervening Internal Variables; Purposive Behavior; E.C.Tolman - Clark Hull - Kenneth W. Spence






47. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.






48. Field Theoretical Approach






49. Knowledge is Constructed; the Learner is an Active Creator






50. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.