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CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories

Subjects : clep, teaching
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'






2. Knowledge is Constructed; the Learner is an Active Creator






3. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.






4. A learning theory in which the probablity of a response is the dependent variable. Independent variables are usually stimuli controlled by the researcher. These are attempts to quantify and objectify learning research.






5. (Piaget) - an element of a cognitive structure. Schema refers to a general potential to perform a class of behaviors - and content describes the conditions that prevail during any particular example of that potential being activated. (Schemata = plul






6. Operant Conditioning






7. Structure of intellect stipulated that intelligence depends on our mental operations (or process of thinking) - our thoughts (i.e. - content) - and the products or end results of these operations.






8. Development; Concepts: gender in moral development; Study Basics: Did moral development studies to follow up Kohlberg. She studied girls and women and found that they did not score as high on his six stage scale because they focused more on relations






9. Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)






10. Emotions and Affect Play a Role in Learning






11. Constructive Knowledge.Construct with ideas and concepts of what they know.






12. Theory of Classical Conditioning






13. (Behaviorism)- One explanation for learning in behaviorism; an association is built between two events simply because they occured simultaneously or overlapping in time.For example - if food is presented while some auditory signal is given - a dog wi






14. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.






15. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.






16. Freud's theory which emphasized that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in he first few years is crucial for healthy personality development






17. The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished






18. A transitional group - bridging the gap between behaviorism and cognitive theories of learning. timulus-Response; Intervening Internal Variables; Purposive Behavior; E.C.Tolman - Clark Hull - Kenneth W. Spence






19. Humanistic; Experiential Learning






20. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response take the form of neural connections. Learning involves the 'stamping in' of connections - forgetting involves 'stamping out' connections.






21. In the study of motivation - an explanation of behavior that asserts that people actively and regularly determine their own goals and the means of achieving them through thought.






22. Humanistic; Transformational Learning






23. 1925 - Observational Learning






24. Gestalt Learning Theory






25. Psychoanalytic Theory of Learning; The role of the Unconscious Mind in Learning






26. Drive Reduction Theory






27. Insight Learning






28. (Estes) - A theory developed by Estes that attempts to show how stimuli are sampled and attached to responses. A statistical learning theory.






29. Multiple intelligence theory specifies seven different intelligences that presume a broadened definition of intelligence.






30. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.






31. Follower of Jean Piaget. Developed and researched advanced organizers. Developed subsumation theorty - that the primary process in learning is subsumation where new material is relation to relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure in a subst






32. Constructivist; Genetic Epistemology; Stages of Cognitive Development






33. While earlier theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems - humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Some of these theorists include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.






34. Explanation of development that focuses on the quality of the early emotional relationships developed between children and their caregivers






35. Cognitive Dissonance






36. Social Constructivism; The Zone of Proximal Development is a concept for which he is well known.






37. Cognitive Apprenticeship






38. (Behaviorism - Skinner)- a model which states that when a resonse is followed by a reinforcer - the result will be an increase in the probability that this response will occur again under similar conditions.






39. Physiological- water - sleep food. Safety- security - shelter - protection Belongingness- love - friendship - acceptance. Ego Needs- prestige - status. Self Actualization- self fulfillment - enriching experiances

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40. (Hull)- the notion that behavior occurs in reponse to 'drives' such as hunger - thirst - sexual interest - feeling cold - etc. When the goal of the drive is attained (food - water - mating - warmth) the drive is reduced - and this constitutes reinfor






41. Discrimination Learning






42. Perception - Decision making - Attention - Memory - & Problem Solving






43. Contiguity Theory; 'One-Trial Learning' (Behaviorism)






44. Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor - 2. preoperational - 3. concrete operational - and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation






45. (Thorndike) - Responses which occur just prior to a satisfying state of affairs are more likely to be repeated - and responses just prior to an annoying state of affairs are more likely NOT to be repeated.






46. Learning as a group process; Lev Vygotsky 1896 - 1935 Social Constructivism






47. Field Theoretical Approach






48. Albert Bandura - 1. Attention - the learner must have his/her senses directed at the model 2. Retention - coding - and storing the patterns so they can be retrieved. This may include vivid imagery an verbal descriptions. 3. Motor reproduction - kines






49. (Tolman) - these are hypothetical constructs rather than physical parameters. They are definable and measurable but not observable. They have functional relationships with both independent and dependent variables. They are internal cognitive processe






50. Coined the term 'Behaviorism'