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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories
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clep
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teaching
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. According to Maslow - the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential
Self-Actualization
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Leon Festinger
David Ausubel
2. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.
Attachment Theory
Behavioralism
Proactive inhibition
Inert knowledge
3. Cognitive Apprenticeship
John Seely Brown
Keneth W. Spence
B. F. Skinner
Kohlberg
4. (Behaviorism)- One explanation for learning in behaviorism; an association is built between two events simply because they occured simultaneously or overlapping in time.For example - if food is presented while some auditory signal is given - a dog wi
Ivan Pavlov
J.P. Guilford
Contiguity
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
5. Humanistic; Transformational Learning
TOTE's
Contiguity
Jack Mezirow
Law of Exercise
6. Learning as a Mental Process
Leon Festinger
Expectancy Theory
Cognitive Perspective
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
7. Constructive Knowledge.Construct with ideas and concepts of what they know.
Social Learning Perspective
Erik Erikson
Schema
Brunner
8. Emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development - Developed the idea of the 'Zone of Proximal Development -' mainly focused on cognitive development of children.
Kurt Koffka
Edwin Guthrie
Psychosexual Theory
Lev Vygotsky
9. Constructivist; Genetic Epistemology; Stages of Cognitive Development
Proactive inhibition
Jean Piaget
J.P. Guilford
Expectancy Theory
10. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response take the form of neural connections. Learning involves the 'stamping in' of connections - forgetting involves 'stamping out' connections.
Gestalt Learning Theory
Connectionism
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Lev Vygotsky
11. Drive Reduction Theory
John Seely Brown
J.P. Guilford
Carl Rogers
Clark Hull
12. Social Constructivism; The Zone of Proximal Development is a concept for which he is well known.
William Kaye Estes
Lev Vygotsky
Albert Bandura
Discrimination Learning Theory
13. Explanation of development that focuses on the quality of the early emotional relationships developed between children and their caregivers
Discrimination Learning Theory
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Attachment Theory
Abraham Maslow
14. (Tolman)- the theory that animals (and humans) develop expectancy or anticipation of rewards for completing behaviors they have learned - and this expectancy functions as an internal incentive or motivation.
Social Learning Perspective
Behavioralism
Expectancy Theory
Social Learning Theory
15. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.
Social Learning Theory
J.P. Guilford
Inert knowledge
Ivan Pavlov
16. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.
Law of Exercise
Proactive inhibition
Jerome Bruner
Operant Conditioning
17. Perception - Decision making - Attention - Memory - & Problem Solving
Self-Efficacy
Behavioralism
Schema
Gestalt Learning Theory
18. Follower of Jean Piaget. Developed and researched advanced organizers. Developed subsumation theorty - that the primary process in learning is subsumation where new material is relation to relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure in a subst
Social Learning Theory
Self-Efficacy
Kohlberg
David Ausubel
19. Connectionism; Wrote the thesis - 'Animal Intelligence: An Experimental Study of the Associative Processes in Animals' - in which he concluded that an experimental approach is the only way to understand learning and established his famous 'Law of Eff
Edward L.Thorndike
Observational Learning
Inert knowledge
Jean Piaget
20. (Thorndike) - Responses which occur just prior to a satisfying state of affairs are more likely to be repeated - and responses just prior to an annoying state of affairs are more likely NOT to be repeated.
Law of Exercise
Jack Mezirow
Dependent variables
Law of Effect
21. Freud's theory which emphasized that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in he first few years is crucial for healthy personality development
Psychosexual Theory
TOTE's
Erik Erikson
Intervening variables
22. (Estes) - A theory developed by Estes that attempts to show how stimuli are sampled and attached to responses. A statistical learning theory.
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Jean Piaget
B. F. Skinner
Law of Exercise
23. (Behaviorism - Skinner)- a model which states that when a resonse is followed by a reinforcer - the result will be an increase in the probability that this response will occur again under similar conditions.
Wolfgang Kohler
Erik Erikson
Operant Conditioning
Law of Exercise
24. (Tolman) - these are hypothetical constructs rather than physical parameters. They are definable and measurable but not observable. They have functional relationships with both independent and dependent variables. They are internal cognitive processe
Intervening variables
Gilligan
Edwin Guthrie
Contiguity
25. Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor - 2. preoperational - 3. concrete operational - and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation
Jack Mezirow
William Kaye Estes
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Jean Piaget
26. While earlier theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems - humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Some of these theorists include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
Intervening variables
Jean Piaget
Humanist Theories
Sigmund Freud
27. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'
David Ausubel
Erik Erikson
Jean Piaget
Brunner
28. Variables being observed and measured in response to the independent variables - such as amount of time taken to learn a task or respond after a stimulus is given - number of responses - etc.
Social Learning Theory
Ivan Pavlov
Humanistic Perspective
Dependent variables
29. (Spence)- reinforcement combined with frustration or inhibitors facilitated finding a correct stimulus among a cluster which included incorrect ones. This was a 'carrot and stick' model.
Discrimination Learning Theory
Social Learning Perspective
Psychosexual Theory
Intervening variables
30. Refers to one's belief about one's ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes. Those with high levels for a particular task are more likely to succeed than those with low levels
Edward L.Thorndike
Self-Efficacy
Intervening variables
Sigmund Freud
31. Structure of intellect stipulated that intelligence depends on our mental operations (or process of thinking) - our thoughts (i.e. - content) - and the products or end results of these operations.
Self-Efficacy
Gardner
William Kaye Estes
J.P. Guilford
32. Knowledge is Constructed; the Learner is an Active Creator
Constructivism
Psychosexual Theory
Observational Learning
Inert knowledge
33. Development; Concepts: gender in moral development; Study Basics: Did moral development studies to follow up Kohlberg. She studied girls and women and found that they did not score as high on his six stage scale because they focused more on relations
Humanistic Perspective
Observational Learning
Jack Mezirow
Gilligan
34. Psychoanalytic Theory of Learning; The role of the Unconscious Mind in Learning
Intervening variables
Gardner
Gestalt Learning Theory
Sigmund Freud
35. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.
Bandura
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Kohlberg
Lev Vygotsky
36. Humanistic Theory of Learning
Abraham Maslow
Connectionism
Erik Erikson
Clark Hull
37. A learning theory in which the probablity of a response is the dependent variable. Independent variables are usually stimuli controlled by the researcher. These are attempts to quantify and objectify learning research.
Observational Learning
Law of Exercise
Statistical Learning Theory
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
38. Humanistic; Experiential Learning
Social Learning Perspective
Edward C. Tolman
Carl Rogers
Humanist Theories
39. Operant Conditioning
Self-Actualization
J.P. Guilford
B. F. Skinner
Edward L.Thorndike
40. Occurs when the presence of previously learned material interferes with the learning of new material.
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Humanistic Perspective
Edward L.Thorndike
Proactive inhibition
41. Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
William Kaye Estes
Kohlberg
Jean Piaget
Cognitive Theories
42. Presented a theory of self-efficacy - or the importance of one's personal belief regarding self-ability and chances of success - as key to motivation.
Bandura
Kohlberg
Albert Bandura
Statistical Learning Theory
43. Sign Theory & Latent Learning
Edward L.Thorndike
Lev Vygotsky
Edward C. Tolman
William Kaye Estes
44. 1925 - Observational Learning
Ivan Pavlov
Kurt Koffka
Gilligan
Albert Bandura
45. Vygotsky - ZPD refers to the observation that children - when learning a particular task or body of information - are unable initiallly to do the task. Later they can do it with the assistance of an adult or older child mentor - and finally they can
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
Lev Vygotsky
Brunner
Edward C. Tolman
46. Discrimination Learning
Law of Effect
Keneth W. Spence
Kurt Koffka
Expectancy Theory
47. Constructivist; published The Process of Education; theories emphasize the significance of categorization in learning
Jerome Bruner
Proactive inhibition
Sigmund Freud
Humanist Theories
48. Coined the term 'Behaviorism'
John B. Watson
Law of Effect
J.P. Guilford
Humanist Theories
49. A transitional group - bridging the gap between behaviorism and cognitive theories of learning. timulus-Response; Intervening Internal Variables; Purposive Behavior; E.C.Tolman - Clark Hull - Kenneth W. Spence
Neo-behaviorism
Bandura
Discrimination Learning Theory
Intervening variables
50. Development; Concepts: stages of moral development; Study Basics: Studied boys responses to and processes of reasoning in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma is 'Heinz' who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he ste
Social Learning Theory
Kohlberg
Edward C. Tolman
Expectancy Theory