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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories
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clep
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Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Contiguity Theory; 'One-Trial Learning' (Behaviorism)
Brunner
Gilligan
Edwin Guthrie
Keneth W. Spence
2. Learning as a Mental Process
Inert knowledge
Schema
Jean Piaget
Cognitive Perspective
3. (Tolman)- the theory that animals (and humans) develop expectancy or anticipation of rewards for completing behaviors they have learned - and this expectancy functions as an internal incentive or motivation.
Attachment Theory
Expectancy Theory
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
Edward L.Thorndike
4. Constructive Knowledge.Construct with ideas and concepts of what they know.
Brunner
Humanist Theories
Proactive inhibition
Contiguity
5. Connectionism; Wrote the thesis - 'Animal Intelligence: An Experimental Study of the Associative Processes in Animals' - in which he concluded that an experimental approach is the only way to understand learning and established his famous 'Law of Eff
Edward L.Thorndike
B. F. Skinner
Erik Erikson
Jean Piaget
6. Perception - Decision making - Attention - Memory - & Problem Solving
Observational Learning
Gestalt Learning Theory
Constructivism
Self-Actualization
7. Freud's theory which emphasized that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in he first few years is crucial for healthy personality development
Social Learning Perspective
Psychosexual Theory
Expectancy Theory
Cognitive Theories
8. (G. A. Miller)- (Test - Operate - Test - Exit). These are operational feedback units that function within a self-regulated system.
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9. Gestalt Theory
Jerome Bruner
David Ausubel
TOTE's
Kurt Koffka
10. Social Constructivism; The Zone of Proximal Development is a concept for which he is well known.
B. F. Skinner
Cognitive Theories
Lev Vygotsky
Ivan Pavlov
11. Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Drive Reduction Theory
Psychosexual Theory
Sigmund Freud
William Kaye Estes
12. Vygotsky - ZPD refers to the observation that children - when learning a particular task or body of information - are unable initiallly to do the task. Later they can do it with the assistance of an adult or older child mentor - and finally they can
Carl Rogers
Clark Hull
Connectionism
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
13. Constructivist; Genetic Epistemology; Stages of Cognitive Development
Jean Piaget
J.P. Guilford
Edwin Guthrie
John B. Watson
14. Occurs when the presence of previously learned material interferes with the learning of new material.
TOTE's
John Seely Brown
Proactive inhibition
Observational Learning
15. Development; Concepts: gender in moral development; Study Basics: Did moral development studies to follow up Kohlberg. She studied girls and women and found that they did not score as high on his six stage scale because they focused more on relations
Gilligan
John B. Watson
Lev Vygotsky
Schema
16. Follower of Jean Piaget. Developed and researched advanced organizers. Developed subsumation theorty - that the primary process in learning is subsumation where new material is relation to relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure in a subst
David Ausubel
Observational Learning
Expectancy Theory
Clark Hull
17. (Behaviorism - Skinner)- a model which states that when a resonse is followed by a reinforcer - the result will be an increase in the probability that this response will occur again under similar conditions.
Dependent variables
Connectionism
Jean Piaget
Operant Conditioning
18. Development; Concepts: stages of moral development; Study Basics: Studied boys responses to and processes of reasoning in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma is 'Heinz' who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he ste
Clark Hull
Kohlberg
Proactive inhibition
William Kaye Estes
19. (Estes) - A theory developed by Estes that attempts to show how stimuli are sampled and attached to responses. A statistical learning theory.
Connectionism
Leon Festinger
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
John B. Watson
20. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.
Drive Reduction Theory
J.P. Guilford
Law of Exercise
Psychosexual Theory
21. Cognitive Dissonance
Leon Festinger
Contiguity
Clark Hull
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
22. A transitional group - bridging the gap between behaviorism and cognitive theories of learning. timulus-Response; Intervening Internal Variables; Purposive Behavior; E.C.Tolman - Clark Hull - Kenneth W. Spence
Neo-behaviorism
Keneth W. Spence
Drive Reduction Theory
John Seely Brown
23. Field Theoretical Approach
Statistical Learning Theory
Kurt Lewin
Wolfgang Kohler
Attachment Theory
24. Humanistic; Transformational Learning
Kurt Lewin
Carl Rogers
Proactive inhibition
Jack Mezirow
25. Insight Learning
John Seely Brown
Wolfgang Kohler
Keneth W. Spence
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
26. Albert Bandura - 1. Attention - the learner must have his/her senses directed at the model 2. Retention - coding - and storing the patterns so they can be retrieved. This may include vivid imagery an verbal descriptions. 3. Motor reproduction - kines
Law of Effect
William Kaye Estes
Observational Learning
Law of Exercise
27. Drive Reduction Theory
Clark Hull
Inert knowledge
Statistical Learning Theory
Kurt Koffka
28. (Piaget) - an element of a cognitive structure. Schema refers to a general potential to perform a class of behaviors - and content describes the conditions that prevail during any particular example of that potential being activated. (Schemata = plul
Jerome Bruner
Schema
Jean Piaget
Inert knowledge
29. (Behaviorism)- One explanation for learning in behaviorism; an association is built between two events simply because they occured simultaneously or overlapping in time.For example - if food is presented while some auditory signal is given - a dog wi
Carl Rogers
Contiguity
Schema
TOTE's
30. Refers to one's belief about one's ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes. Those with high levels for a particular task are more likely to succeed than those with low levels
Jerome Bruner
Self-Efficacy
Albert Bandura
Social Learning Perspective
31. A learning theory in which the probablity of a response is the dependent variable. Independent variables are usually stimuli controlled by the researcher. These are attempts to quantify and objectify learning research.
Gilligan
Statistical Learning Theory
Law of Exercise
Social Learning Perspective
32. Humanistic; Experiential Learning
Brunner
Observational Learning
Carl Rogers
Attachment Theory
33. Operant Conditioning
B. F. Skinner
Dependent variables
Humanist Theories
Constructivism
34. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.
Kohlberg
Kurt Lewin
Cognitive Theories
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
35. Gestalt Learning Theory
Max Wertheimer 1880
Ivan Pavlov
Kohlberg
Observational Learning
36. Coined the term 'Behaviorism'
Bandura
Humanist Theories
John B. Watson
Erik Erikson
37. Cognitive Apprenticeship
Edwin Guthrie
John Seely Brown
Discrimination Learning Theory
Statistical Learning Theory
38. 1925 - Observational Learning
Clark Hull
Albert Bandura
Gardner
Schema
39. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.
Inert knowledge
Kohlberg
Schema
John B. Watson
40. Knowledge is Constructed; the Learner is an Active Creator
Bandura
Constructivism
Sigmund Freud
J.P. Guilford
41. Structure of intellect stipulated that intelligence depends on our mental operations (or process of thinking) - our thoughts (i.e. - content) - and the products or end results of these operations.
Edward C. Tolman
Drive Reduction Theory
William Kaye Estes
J.P. Guilford
42. While earlier theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems - humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Some of these theorists include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
Abraham Maslow
Gardner
Humanist Theories
Kohlberg
43. Psychoanalytic Theory of Learning; The role of the Unconscious Mind in Learning
Sigmund Freud
Self-Actualization
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Discrimination Learning Theory
44. Presented a theory of self-efficacy - or the importance of one's personal belief regarding self-ability and chances of success - as key to motivation.
Bandura
Edwin Guthrie
Leon Festinger
Ivan Pavlov
45. The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
Social Learning Theory
Leon Festinger
Social Learning Perspective
Gardner
46. According to Maslow - the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential
Neo-behaviorism
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Brunner
Self-Actualization
47. In the study of motivation - an explanation of behavior that asserts that people actively and regularly determine their own goals and the means of achieving them through thought.
Cognitive Theories
Observational Learning
Expectancy Theory
Lev Vygotsky
48. Discrimination Learning
Keneth W. Spence
Proactive inhibition
Kurt Koffka
Abraham Maslow
49. Emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development - Developed the idea of the 'Zone of Proximal Development -' mainly focused on cognitive development of children.
Lev Vygotsky
Erik Erikson
Cognitive Perspective
Gilligan
50. (Tolman) - these are hypothetical constructs rather than physical parameters. They are definable and measurable but not observable. They have functional relationships with both independent and dependent variables. They are internal cognitive processe
John Seely Brown
Intervening variables
Kurt Koffka
Inert knowledge