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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories
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clep
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teaching
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Explanation of development that focuses on the quality of the early emotional relationships developed between children and their caregivers
Jean Piaget
Attachment Theory
Edward C. Tolman
Intervening variables
2. (Tolman)- the theory that animals (and humans) develop expectancy or anticipation of rewards for completing behaviors they have learned - and this expectancy functions as an internal incentive or motivation.
Expectancy Theory
Neo-behaviorism
Humanistic Perspective
Ivan Pavlov
3. A learning theory in which the probablity of a response is the dependent variable. Independent variables are usually stimuli controlled by the researcher. These are attempts to quantify and objectify learning research.
John B. Watson
Behavioralism
Lev Vygotsky
Statistical Learning Theory
4. Operant Conditioning
Kohlberg
Lev Vygotsky
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
B. F. Skinner
5. Humanistic Theory of Learning
Self-Efficacy
Abraham Maslow
Self-Actualization
Carl Rogers
6. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'
Cognitive Perspective
Erik Erikson
TOTE's
Clark Hull
7. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.
Schema
Behavioralism
Ivan Pavlov
Dependent variables
8. Gestalt Learning Theory
Jean Piaget
Max Wertheimer 1880
Keneth W. Spence
Jean Piaget
9. Discrimination Learning
Leon Festinger
Neo-behaviorism
Gestalt Learning Theory
Keneth W. Spence
10. Freud's theory which emphasized that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in he first few years is crucial for healthy personality development
Cognitive Theories
Psychosexual Theory
Abraham Maslow
Operant Conditioning
11. 1925 - Observational Learning
Albert Bandura
Connectionism
William Kaye Estes
Proactive inhibition
12. Variables being observed and measured in response to the independent variables - such as amount of time taken to learn a task or respond after a stimulus is given - number of responses - etc.
Dependent variables
J.P. Guilford
Sigmund Freud
Cognitive Perspective
13. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.
Brunner
Jerome Bruner
Inert knowledge
Drive Reduction Theory
14. (Estes) - A theory developed by Estes that attempts to show how stimuli are sampled and attached to responses. A statistical learning theory.
Connectionism
Jack Mezirow
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Social Learning Perspective
15. Contiguity Theory; 'One-Trial Learning' (Behaviorism)
Social Learning Theory
Edwin Guthrie
J.P. Guilford
Jean Piaget
16. Constructivist; Genetic Epistemology; Stages of Cognitive Development
Law of Exercise
Jean Piaget
Constructivism
Edwin Guthrie
17. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.
Humanist Theories
Law of Exercise
Law of Effect
Proactive inhibition
18. Constructivist; published The Process of Education; theories emphasize the significance of categorization in learning
Inert knowledge
Jean Piaget
Jerome Bruner
Drive Reduction Theory
19. Humanistic; Transformational Learning
Jack Mezirow
Statistical Learning Theory
Bandura
Jean Piaget
20. Psychoanalytic Theory of Learning; The role of the Unconscious Mind in Learning
Cognitive Perspective
Sigmund Freud
Behavioralism
Attachment Theory
21. Knowledge is Constructed; the Learner is an Active Creator
Humanist Theories
David Ausubel
Constructivism
Expectancy Theory
22. Physiological- water - sleep food. Safety- security - shelter - protection Belongingness- love - friendship - acceptance. Ego Needs- prestige - status. Self Actualization- self fulfillment - enriching experiances
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23. Refers to one's belief about one's ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes. Those with high levels for a particular task are more likely to succeed than those with low levels
Expectancy Theory
J.P. Guilford
Self-Efficacy
Abraham Maslow
24. Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor - 2. preoperational - 3. concrete operational - and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation
Max Wertheimer 1880
John B. Watson
Intervening variables
Jean Piaget
25. (Thorndike) - Responses which occur just prior to a satisfying state of affairs are more likely to be repeated - and responses just prior to an annoying state of affairs are more likely NOT to be repeated.
Sigmund Freud
Jerome Bruner
Inert knowledge
Law of Effect
26. Theory of Classical Conditioning
Gestalt Learning Theory
Jean Piaget
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Ivan Pavlov
27. Albert Bandura - 1. Attention - the learner must have his/her senses directed at the model 2. Retention - coding - and storing the patterns so they can be retrieved. This may include vivid imagery an verbal descriptions. 3. Motor reproduction - kines
TOTE's
Observational Learning
Proactive inhibition
Jack Mezirow
28. (Spence)- reinforcement combined with frustration or inhibitors facilitated finding a correct stimulus among a cluster which included incorrect ones. This was a 'carrot and stick' model.
Self-Efficacy
Erik Erikson
Discrimination Learning Theory
Constructivism
29. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response take the form of neural connections. Learning involves the 'stamping in' of connections - forgetting involves 'stamping out' connections.
Lev Vygotsky
Social Learning Perspective
Intervening variables
Connectionism
30. Occurs when the presence of previously learned material interferes with the learning of new material.
Edward L.Thorndike
Proactive inhibition
Operant Conditioning
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
31. Social Constructivism; The Zone of Proximal Development is a concept for which he is well known.
Gestalt Learning Theory
Lev Vygotsky
Carl Rogers
Observational Learning
32. Structure of intellect stipulated that intelligence depends on our mental operations (or process of thinking) - our thoughts (i.e. - content) - and the products or end results of these operations.
Dependent variables
J.P. Guilford
Edwin Guthrie
Albert Bandura
33. Sign Theory & Latent Learning
John B. Watson
Edward C. Tolman
Statistical Learning Theory
Albert Bandura
34. The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
Max Wertheimer 1880
John B. Watson
Social Learning Theory
John Seely Brown
35. Perception - Decision making - Attention - Memory - & Problem Solving
Humanistic Perspective
Gestalt Learning Theory
Lev Vygotsky
J.P. Guilford
36. (Behaviorism)- One explanation for learning in behaviorism; an association is built between two events simply because they occured simultaneously or overlapping in time.For example - if food is presented while some auditory signal is given - a dog wi
Contiguity
Gardner
Jerome Bruner
Constructivism
37. Constructive Knowledge.Construct with ideas and concepts of what they know.
Carl Rogers
Keneth W. Spence
Humanist Theories
Brunner
38. (Tolman) - these are hypothetical constructs rather than physical parameters. They are definable and measurable but not observable. They have functional relationships with both independent and dependent variables. They are internal cognitive processe
Lev Vygotsky
Wolfgang Kohler
Sigmund Freud
Intervening variables
39. Development; Concepts: gender in moral development; Study Basics: Did moral development studies to follow up Kohlberg. She studied girls and women and found that they did not score as high on his six stage scale because they focused more on relations
Neo-behaviorism
Gilligan
Drive Reduction Theory
Gardner
40. Learning as a group process; Lev Vygotsky 1896 - 1935 Social Constructivism
Sigmund Freud
Social Learning Perspective
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Social Learning Theory
41. (Hull)- the notion that behavior occurs in reponse to 'drives' such as hunger - thirst - sexual interest - feeling cold - etc. When the goal of the drive is attained (food - water - mating - warmth) the drive is reduced - and this constitutes reinfor
Drive Reduction Theory
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Self-Actualization
Ivan Pavlov
42. Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Albert Bandura
Wolfgang Kohler
William Kaye Estes
Gardner
43. In the study of motivation - an explanation of behavior that asserts that people actively and regularly determine their own goals and the means of achieving them through thought.
John B. Watson
Cognitive Theories
Self-Efficacy
Wolfgang Kohler
44. While earlier theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems - humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Some of these theorists include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
Brunner
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
Proactive inhibition
Humanist Theories
45. According to Maslow - the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential
Self-Actualization
Intervening variables
J.P. Guilford
Law of Exercise
46. (Piaget) - an element of a cognitive structure. Schema refers to a general potential to perform a class of behaviors - and content describes the conditions that prevail during any particular example of that potential being activated. (Schemata = plul
Edward L.Thorndike
William Kaye Estes
Keneth W. Spence
Schema
47. Development; Concepts: stages of moral development; Study Basics: Studied boys responses to and processes of reasoning in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma is 'Heinz' who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he ste
Kohlberg
Law of Effect
Social Learning Perspective
Gestalt Learning Theory
48. Cognitive Apprenticeship
Erik Erikson
John B. Watson
John Seely Brown
Law of Effect
49. Learning as a Mental Process
Drive Reduction Theory
Behavioralism
Cognitive Perspective
Attachment Theory
50. Cognitive Dissonance
Connectionism
Albert Bandura
Drive Reduction Theory
Leon Festinger