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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories
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clep
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teaching
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (Piaget) - an element of a cognitive structure. Schema refers to a general potential to perform a class of behaviors - and content describes the conditions that prevail during any particular example of that potential being activated. (Schemata = plul
Brunner
Lev Vygotsky
Neo-behaviorism
Schema
2. Development; Concepts: stages of moral development; Study Basics: Studied boys responses to and processes of reasoning in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma is 'Heinz' who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he ste
Kohlberg
Kurt Lewin
Albert Bandura
Carl Rogers
3. Emotions and Affect Play a Role in Learning
Lev Vygotsky
Expectancy Theory
Humanistic Perspective
Social Learning Theory
4. (Estes) - A theory developed by Estes that attempts to show how stimuli are sampled and attached to responses. A statistical learning theory.
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Jack Mezirow
Ivan Pavlov
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
5. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.
B. F. Skinner
Jack Mezirow
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Ivan Pavlov
6. Insight Learning
Self-Efficacy
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Wolfgang Kohler
Humanist Theories
7. Learning as a group process; Lev Vygotsky 1896 - 1935 Social Constructivism
Keneth W. Spence
Social Learning Perspective
Abraham Maslow
Contiguity
8. Psychoanalytic Theory of Learning; The role of the Unconscious Mind in Learning
Sigmund Freud
John B. Watson
Attachment Theory
Behavioralism
9. (Hull)- the notion that behavior occurs in reponse to 'drives' such as hunger - thirst - sexual interest - feeling cold - etc. When the goal of the drive is attained (food - water - mating - warmth) the drive is reduced - and this constitutes reinfor
Erik Erikson
Drive Reduction Theory
Humanist Theories
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
10. (Behaviorism)- One explanation for learning in behaviorism; an association is built between two events simply because they occured simultaneously or overlapping in time.For example - if food is presented while some auditory signal is given - a dog wi
Jerome Bruner
Contiguity
Edward C. Tolman
Wolfgang Kohler
11. Constructivist; Genetic Epistemology; Stages of Cognitive Development
Cognitive Perspective
Gilligan
Jean Piaget
Operant Conditioning
12. Drive Reduction Theory
Clark Hull
TOTE's
Expectancy Theory
Behavioralism
13. Perception - Decision making - Attention - Memory - & Problem Solving
Discrimination Learning Theory
Attachment Theory
William Kaye Estes
Gestalt Learning Theory
14. Social Constructivism; The Zone of Proximal Development is a concept for which he is well known.
Lev Vygotsky
Max Wertheimer 1880
Psychosexual Theory
Clark Hull
15. Cognitive Apprenticeship
Sigmund Freud
John Seely Brown
Self-Efficacy
Connectionism
16. Follower of Jean Piaget. Developed and researched advanced organizers. Developed subsumation theorty - that the primary process in learning is subsumation where new material is relation to relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure in a subst
David Ausubel
Behavioralism
Neo-behaviorism
Cognitive Perspective
17. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.
Social Learning Theory
Cognitive Theories
Inert knowledge
Jean Piaget
18. 1925 - Observational Learning
Attachment Theory
Social Learning Theory
Behavioralism
Albert Bandura
19. Multiple intelligence theory specifies seven different intelligences that presume a broadened definition of intelligence.
Dependent variables
Social Learning Perspective
Gardner
Drive Reduction Theory
20. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.
Law of Exercise
Brunner
Gardner
Carl Rogers
21. (Tolman)- the theory that animals (and humans) develop expectancy or anticipation of rewards for completing behaviors they have learned - and this expectancy functions as an internal incentive or motivation.
Expectancy Theory
Kohlberg
Max Wertheimer 1880
Operant Conditioning
22. Constructive Knowledge.Construct with ideas and concepts of what they know.
Edward L.Thorndike
Self-Efficacy
Brunner
Erik Erikson
23. (Thorndike) - Responses which occur just prior to a satisfying state of affairs are more likely to be repeated - and responses just prior to an annoying state of affairs are more likely NOT to be repeated.
Discrimination Learning Theory
Jack Mezirow
Self-Efficacy
Law of Effect
24. A learning theory in which the probablity of a response is the dependent variable. Independent variables are usually stimuli controlled by the researcher. These are attempts to quantify and objectify learning research.
Statistical Learning Theory
Connectionism
Lev Vygotsky
Psychosexual Theory
25. Coined the term 'Behaviorism'
B. F. Skinner
Dependent variables
John B. Watson
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
26. A transitional group - bridging the gap between behaviorism and cognitive theories of learning. timulus-Response; Intervening Internal Variables; Purposive Behavior; E.C.Tolman - Clark Hull - Kenneth W. Spence
Kohlberg
Wolfgang Kohler
Self-Efficacy
Neo-behaviorism
27. (Spence)- reinforcement combined with frustration or inhibitors facilitated finding a correct stimulus among a cluster which included incorrect ones. This was a 'carrot and stick' model.
Edwin Guthrie
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
Law of Exercise
Discrimination Learning Theory
28. Contiguity Theory; 'One-Trial Learning' (Behaviorism)
Clark Hull
Edward L.Thorndike
Lev Vygotsky
Edwin Guthrie
29. Operant Conditioning
Edward C. Tolman
John B. Watson
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
B. F. Skinner
30. Vygotsky - ZPD refers to the observation that children - when learning a particular task or body of information - are unable initiallly to do the task. Later they can do it with the assistance of an adult or older child mentor - and finally they can
Ivan Pavlov
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
Gestalt Learning Theory
B. F. Skinner
31. Explanation of development that focuses on the quality of the early emotional relationships developed between children and their caregivers
Attachment Theory
Kohlberg
Schema
Self-Actualization
32. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'
TOTE's
Jean Piaget
Erik Erikson
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
33. (Tolman) - these are hypothetical constructs rather than physical parameters. They are definable and measurable but not observable. They have functional relationships with both independent and dependent variables. They are internal cognitive processe
Kurt Koffka
Gestalt Learning Theory
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
Intervening variables
34. Albert Bandura - 1. Attention - the learner must have his/her senses directed at the model 2. Retention - coding - and storing the patterns so they can be retrieved. This may include vivid imagery an verbal descriptions. 3. Motor reproduction - kines
Jean Piaget
Observational Learning
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
Keneth W. Spence
35. Humanistic; Experiential Learning
Contiguity
Law of Effect
Jean Piaget
Carl Rogers
36. Structure of intellect stipulated that intelligence depends on our mental operations (or process of thinking) - our thoughts (i.e. - content) - and the products or end results of these operations.
Gilligan
J.P. Guilford
Cognitive Perspective
Jean Piaget
37. According to Maslow - the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential
Intervening variables
Self-Actualization
Psychosexual Theory
Carl Rogers
38. (G. A. Miller)- (Test - Operate - Test - Exit). These are operational feedback units that function within a self-regulated system.
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39. Freud's theory which emphasized that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in he first few years is crucial for healthy personality development
John B. Watson
Humanistic Perspective
Edwin Guthrie
Psychosexual Theory
40. Field Theoretical Approach
Attachment Theory
Social Learning Perspective
Discrimination Learning Theory
Kurt Lewin
41. (Behaviorism - Skinner)- a model which states that when a resonse is followed by a reinforcer - the result will be an increase in the probability that this response will occur again under similar conditions.
Kurt Koffka
Operant Conditioning
Observational Learning
TOTE's
42. Gestalt Learning Theory
Ivan Pavlov
Max Wertheimer 1880
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
Bandura
43. While earlier theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems - humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Some of these theorists include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
Bandura
TOTE's
Gestalt Learning Theory
Humanist Theories
44. Gestalt Theory
Kurt Lewin
Kurt Koffka
B. F. Skinner
Edward L.Thorndike
45. Sign Theory & Latent Learning
Proactive inhibition
Edward C. Tolman
David Ausubel
Keneth W. Spence
46. Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
William Kaye Estes
Proactive inhibition
Max Wertheimer 1880
Observational Learning
47. In the study of motivation - an explanation of behavior that asserts that people actively and regularly determine their own goals and the means of achieving them through thought.
Cognitive Theories
Attachment Theory
Statistical Learning Theory
Social Learning Perspective
48. Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor - 2. preoperational - 3. concrete operational - and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation
TOTE's
Bandura
Edward C. Tolman
Jean Piaget
49. Emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development - Developed the idea of the 'Zone of Proximal Development -' mainly focused on cognitive development of children.
Leon Festinger
Operant Conditioning
Lev Vygotsky
B. F. Skinner
50. Humanistic; Transformational Learning
Gardner
Drive Reduction Theory
Jack Mezirow
Proactive inhibition