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CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories

Subjects : clep, teaching
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Humanistic Theory of Learning






2. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.






3. A transitional group - bridging the gap between behaviorism and cognitive theories of learning. timulus-Response; Intervening Internal Variables; Purposive Behavior; E.C.Tolman - Clark Hull - Kenneth W. Spence






4. Emotions and Affect Play a Role in Learning






5. Follower of Jean Piaget. Developed and researched advanced organizers. Developed subsumation theorty - that the primary process in learning is subsumation where new material is relation to relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure in a subst






6. (Thorndike) - Responses which occur just prior to a satisfying state of affairs are more likely to be repeated - and responses just prior to an annoying state of affairs are more likely NOT to be repeated.






7. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.






8. Theory of Classical Conditioning






9. Insight Learning






10. In the study of motivation - an explanation of behavior that asserts that people actively and regularly determine their own goals and the means of achieving them through thought.






11. Operant Conditioning






12. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.






13. Sign Theory & Latent Learning






14. (Behaviorism - Skinner)- a model which states that when a resonse is followed by a reinforcer - the result will be an increase in the probability that this response will occur again under similar conditions.






15. Discrimination Learning






16. Gestalt Theory






17. Constructivist; Genetic Epistemology; Stages of Cognitive Development






18. (G. A. Miller)- (Test - Operate - Test - Exit). These are operational feedback units that function within a self-regulated system.






19. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.






20. Multiple intelligence theory specifies seven different intelligences that presume a broadened definition of intelligence.






21. 1925 - Observational Learning






22. Refers to one's belief about one's ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes. Those with high levels for a particular task are more likely to succeed than those with low levels






23. Cognitive Apprenticeship






24. Psychoanalytic Theory of Learning; The role of the Unconscious Mind in Learning






25. (Behaviorism)- One explanation for learning in behaviorism; an association is built between two events simply because they occured simultaneously or overlapping in time.For example - if food is presented while some auditory signal is given - a dog wi






26. (Tolman) - these are hypothetical constructs rather than physical parameters. They are definable and measurable but not observable. They have functional relationships with both independent and dependent variables. They are internal cognitive processe






27. Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor - 2. preoperational - 3. concrete operational - and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation






28. Learning as a group process; Lev Vygotsky 1896 - 1935 Social Constructivism






29. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response take the form of neural connections. Learning involves the 'stamping in' of connections - forgetting involves 'stamping out' connections.






30. Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)






31. Freud's theory which emphasized that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in he first few years is crucial for healthy personality development






32. Structure of intellect stipulated that intelligence depends on our mental operations (or process of thinking) - our thoughts (i.e. - content) - and the products or end results of these operations.






33. Explanation of development that focuses on the quality of the early emotional relationships developed between children and their caregivers






34. Physiological- water - sleep food. Safety- security - shelter - protection Belongingness- love - friendship - acceptance. Ego Needs- prestige - status. Self Actualization- self fulfillment - enriching experiances






35. Gestalt Learning Theory






36. A learning theory in which the probablity of a response is the dependent variable. Independent variables are usually stimuli controlled by the researcher. These are attempts to quantify and objectify learning research.






37. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'






38. Vygotsky - ZPD refers to the observation that children - when learning a particular task or body of information - are unable initiallly to do the task. Later they can do it with the assistance of an adult or older child mentor - and finally they can






39. Perception - Decision making - Attention - Memory - & Problem Solving






40. (Estes) - A theory developed by Estes that attempts to show how stimuli are sampled and attached to responses. A statistical learning theory.






41. Occurs when the presence of previously learned material interferes with the learning of new material.






42. Constructivist; published The Process of Education; theories emphasize the significance of categorization in learning






43. Knowledge is Constructed; the Learner is an Active Creator






44. Constructive Knowledge.Construct with ideas and concepts of what they know.






45. Connectionism; Wrote the thesis - 'Animal Intelligence: An Experimental Study of the Associative Processes in Animals' - in which he concluded that an experimental approach is the only way to understand learning and established his famous 'Law of Eff






46. Development; Concepts: stages of moral development; Study Basics: Studied boys responses to and processes of reasoning in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma is 'Heinz' who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he ste






47. Variables being observed and measured in response to the independent variables - such as amount of time taken to learn a task or respond after a stimulus is given - number of responses - etc.






48. Social Constructivism; The Zone of Proximal Development is a concept for which he is well known.






49. The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished






50. Field Theoretical Approach