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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories
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clep
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teaching
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Theory of Classical Conditioning
Social Learning Theory
Ivan Pavlov
Gestalt Learning Theory
Wolfgang Kohler
2. (Hull)- the notion that behavior occurs in reponse to 'drives' such as hunger - thirst - sexual interest - feeling cold - etc. When the goal of the drive is attained (food - water - mating - warmth) the drive is reduced - and this constitutes reinfor
Drive Reduction Theory
Social Learning Theory
Schema
Attachment Theory
3. Multiple intelligence theory specifies seven different intelligences that presume a broadened definition of intelligence.
Max Wertheimer 1880
Gardner
Gestalt Learning Theory
Statistical Learning Theory
4. A learning theory in which the probablity of a response is the dependent variable. Independent variables are usually stimuli controlled by the researcher. These are attempts to quantify and objectify learning research.
Statistical Learning Theory
Inert knowledge
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Expectancy Theory
5. Social Constructivism; The Zone of Proximal Development is a concept for which he is well known.
Behavioralism
Humanistic Perspective
Lev Vygotsky
Social Learning Theory
6. (Spence)- reinforcement combined with frustration or inhibitors facilitated finding a correct stimulus among a cluster which included incorrect ones. This was a 'carrot and stick' model.
Discrimination Learning Theory
Behavioralism
Attachment Theory
Kurt Lewin
7. Refers to one's belief about one's ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes. Those with high levels for a particular task are more likely to succeed than those with low levels
Ivan Pavlov
Erik Erikson
Self-Efficacy
Gestalt Learning Theory
8. Cognitive Apprenticeship
Kohlberg
John B. Watson
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
John Seely Brown
9. Variables being observed and measured in response to the independent variables - such as amount of time taken to learn a task or respond after a stimulus is given - number of responses - etc.
Behavioralism
Dependent variables
Clark Hull
Brunner
10. Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor - 2. preoperational - 3. concrete operational - and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation
Humanistic Perspective
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
Contiguity
Jean Piaget
11. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Gardner
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Leon Festinger
12. Drive Reduction Theory
Gardner
John B. Watson
Lev Vygotsky
Clark Hull
13. Humanistic; Transformational Learning
Social Learning Perspective
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
Jack Mezirow
David Ausubel
14. According to Maslow - the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential
Jean Piaget
Humanistic Perspective
Max Wertheimer 1880
Self-Actualization
15. Emotions and Affect Play a Role in Learning
Humanistic Perspective
Brunner
Jerome Bruner
Self-Efficacy
16. (Thorndike) - Responses which occur just prior to a satisfying state of affairs are more likely to be repeated - and responses just prior to an annoying state of affairs are more likely NOT to be repeated.
Schema
Humanistic Perspective
Law of Effect
Observational Learning
17. Freud's theory which emphasized that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in he first few years is crucial for healthy personality development
Psychosexual Theory
Connectionism
John Seely Brown
Carl Rogers
18. (Tolman) - these are hypothetical constructs rather than physical parameters. They are definable and measurable but not observable. They have functional relationships with both independent and dependent variables. They are internal cognitive processe
Social Learning Theory
Intervening variables
Statistical Learning Theory
Constructivism
19. Physiological- water - sleep food. Safety- security - shelter - protection Belongingness- love - friendship - acceptance. Ego Needs- prestige - status. Self Actualization- self fulfillment - enriching experiances
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20. (G. A. Miller)- (Test - Operate - Test - Exit). These are operational feedback units that function within a self-regulated system.
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21. Discrimination Learning
Keneth W. Spence
Kurt Lewin
J.P. Guilford
Discrimination Learning Theory
22. Coined the term 'Behaviorism'
Jean Piaget
John B. Watson
Ivan Pavlov
Wolfgang Kohler
23. Occurs when the presence of previously learned material interferes with the learning of new material.
Humanistic Perspective
Sigmund Freud
Operant Conditioning
Proactive inhibition
24. While earlier theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems - humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Some of these theorists include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
J.P. Guilford
Contiguity
Humanist Theories
Ivan Pavlov
25. (Estes) - A theory developed by Estes that attempts to show how stimuli are sampled and attached to responses. A statistical learning theory.
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Bandura
Expectancy Theory
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
26. (Behaviorism - Skinner)- a model which states that when a resonse is followed by a reinforcer - the result will be an increase in the probability that this response will occur again under similar conditions.
Sigmund Freud
Jean Piaget
Edwin Guthrie
Operant Conditioning
27. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.
Inert knowledge
Gilligan
Albert Bandura
Kurt Koffka
28. A transitional group - bridging the gap between behaviorism and cognitive theories of learning. timulus-Response; Intervening Internal Variables; Purposive Behavior; E.C.Tolman - Clark Hull - Kenneth W. Spence
Edwin Guthrie
Neo-behaviorism
Law of Effect
Kurt Koffka
29. Learning as a group process; Lev Vygotsky 1896 - 1935 Social Constructivism
Jean Piaget
Operant Conditioning
Social Learning Perspective
Sigmund Freud
30. Gestalt Theory
John B. Watson
Kurt Lewin
Kohlberg
Kurt Koffka
31. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.
TOTE's
Law of Exercise
Contiguity
Kurt Lewin
32. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.
Behavioralism
Brunner
Clark Hull
Jerome Bruner
33. Constructivist; published The Process of Education; theories emphasize the significance of categorization in learning
Dependent variables
Jerome Bruner
Lev Vygotsky
Sigmund Freud
34. 1925 - Observational Learning
Behavioralism
Albert Bandura
Intervening variables
Kurt Koffka
35. Development; Concepts: gender in moral development; Study Basics: Did moral development studies to follow up Kohlberg. She studied girls and women and found that they did not score as high on his six stage scale because they focused more on relations
Gilligan
Dependent variables
Constructivism
Abraham Maslow
36. In the study of motivation - an explanation of behavior that asserts that people actively and regularly determine their own goals and the means of achieving them through thought.
Cognitive Theories
Law of Effect
Gestalt Learning Theory
Discrimination Learning Theory
37. Knowledge is Constructed; the Learner is an Active Creator
Constructivism
John Seely Brown
Schema
Cognitive Perspective
38. Connectionism; Wrote the thesis - 'Animal Intelligence: An Experimental Study of the Associative Processes in Animals' - in which he concluded that an experimental approach is the only way to understand learning and established his famous 'Law of Eff
Edward C. Tolman
Social Learning Theory
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Edward L.Thorndike
39. Constructive Knowledge.Construct with ideas and concepts of what they know.
Humanist Theories
Brunner
Sigmund Freud
Edward C. Tolman
40. Operant Conditioning
Edwin Guthrie
Humanistic Perspective
Jack Mezirow
B. F. Skinner
41. Emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development - Developed the idea of the 'Zone of Proximal Development -' mainly focused on cognitive development of children.
Kurt Lewin
Constructivism
Lev Vygotsky
Kurt Koffka
42. (Piaget) - an element of a cognitive structure. Schema refers to a general potential to perform a class of behaviors - and content describes the conditions that prevail during any particular example of that potential being activated. (Schemata = plul
Self-Efficacy
Schema
John B. Watson
Gilligan
43. Constructivist; Genetic Epistemology; Stages of Cognitive Development
Jean Piaget
Discrimination Learning Theory
B. F. Skinner
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
44. Contiguity Theory; 'One-Trial Learning' (Behaviorism)
Carl Rogers
Self-Efficacy
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Edwin Guthrie
45. Perception - Decision making - Attention - Memory - & Problem Solving
Gestalt Learning Theory
Social Learning Theory
Inert knowledge
Statistical Learning Theory
46. (Behaviorism)- One explanation for learning in behaviorism; an association is built between two events simply because they occured simultaneously or overlapping in time.For example - if food is presented while some auditory signal is given - a dog wi
Constructivism
Lev Vygotsky
Contiguity
Attachment Theory
47. Humanistic Theory of Learning
Abraham Maslow
Kurt Lewin
John B. Watson
Expectancy Theory
48. The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
Social Learning Theory
Cognitive Perspective
Proactive inhibition
Bandura
49. Cognitive Dissonance
Leon Festinger
John Seely Brown
Carl Rogers
Humanistic Perspective
50. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'
Erik Erikson
Constructivism
William Kaye Estes
Maslow's hierarchy of needs