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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories
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clep
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teaching
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. According to Maslow - the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential
Clark Hull
Self-Actualization
Sigmund Freud
J.P. Guilford
2. (Tolman)- the theory that animals (and humans) develop expectancy or anticipation of rewards for completing behaviors they have learned - and this expectancy functions as an internal incentive or motivation.
Expectancy Theory
Edward L.Thorndike
Kurt Koffka
Observational Learning
3. Emotions and Affect Play a Role in Learning
Observational Learning
Humanistic Perspective
Jean Piaget
John Seely Brown
4. Physiological- water - sleep food. Safety- security - shelter - protection Belongingness- love - friendship - acceptance. Ego Needs- prestige - status. Self Actualization- self fulfillment - enriching experiances
5. (Thorndike) - Responses which occur just prior to a satisfying state of affairs are more likely to be repeated - and responses just prior to an annoying state of affairs are more likely NOT to be repeated.
Law of Effect
Gilligan
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Drive Reduction Theory
6. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.
Brunner
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Discrimination Learning Theory
Edwin Guthrie
7. Structure of intellect stipulated that intelligence depends on our mental operations (or process of thinking) - our thoughts (i.e. - content) - and the products or end results of these operations.
Humanist Theories
Jean Piaget
Law of Exercise
J.P. Guilford
8. Perception - Decision making - Attention - Memory - & Problem Solving
Behavioralism
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Gestalt Learning Theory
Kurt Lewin
9. Emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development - Developed the idea of the 'Zone of Proximal Development -' mainly focused on cognitive development of children.
Lev Vygotsky
Self-Actualization
Law of Exercise
Discrimination Learning Theory
10. Follower of Jean Piaget. Developed and researched advanced organizers. Developed subsumation theorty - that the primary process in learning is subsumation where new material is relation to relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure in a subst
Humanistic Perspective
David Ausubel
Schema
Self-Efficacy
11. Learning as a group process; Lev Vygotsky 1896 - 1935 Social Constructivism
Social Learning Perspective
Brunner
Max Wertheimer 1880
Law of Effect
12. Constructivist; published The Process of Education; theories emphasize the significance of categorization in learning
Max Wertheimer 1880
Albert Bandura
Gestalt Learning Theory
Jerome Bruner
13. (Behaviorism)- One explanation for learning in behaviorism; an association is built between two events simply because they occured simultaneously or overlapping in time.For example - if food is presented while some auditory signal is given - a dog wi
Gilligan
Contiguity
Kohlberg
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
14. Gestalt Theory
Kurt Koffka
Humanist Theories
Sigmund Freud
Drive Reduction Theory
15. Discrimination Learning
Edward L.Thorndike
Self-Efficacy
Ivan Pavlov
Keneth W. Spence
16. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response take the form of neural connections. Learning involves the 'stamping in' of connections - forgetting involves 'stamping out' connections.
Schema
Leon Festinger
Lev Vygotsky
Connectionism
17. Variables being observed and measured in response to the independent variables - such as amount of time taken to learn a task or respond after a stimulus is given - number of responses - etc.
TOTE's
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Dependent variables
Schema
18. Drive Reduction Theory
Schema
Clark Hull
David Ausubel
Drive Reduction Theory
19. Theory of Classical Conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
Connectionism
Jack Mezirow
Contiguity
20. Humanistic; Experiential Learning
Operant Conditioning
Carl Rogers
Law of Exercise
Clark Hull
21. Operant Conditioning
Jean Piaget
B. F. Skinner
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Expectancy Theory
22. Freud's theory which emphasized that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in he first few years is crucial for healthy personality development
J.P. Guilford
Erik Erikson
Jean Piaget
Psychosexual Theory
23. Coined the term 'Behaviorism'
John B. Watson
Bandura
Max Wertheimer 1880
Self-Efficacy
24. In the study of motivation - an explanation of behavior that asserts that people actively and regularly determine their own goals and the means of achieving them through thought.
Keneth W. Spence
Attachment Theory
Cognitive Theories
Schema
25. Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor - 2. preoperational - 3. concrete operational - and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation
Expectancy Theory
Attachment Theory
Statistical Learning Theory
Jean Piaget
26. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.
Inert knowledge
Edward L.Thorndike
Humanist Theories
Drive Reduction Theory
27. Field Theoretical Approach
Inert knowledge
Kurt Lewin
David Ausubel
Gilligan
28. Learning as a Mental Process
Cognitive Perspective
Keneth W. Spence
Gardner
Attachment Theory
29. Constructivist; Genetic Epistemology; Stages of Cognitive Development
Cognitive Perspective
David Ausubel
Jean Piaget
Ivan Pavlov
30. Psychoanalytic Theory of Learning; The role of the Unconscious Mind in Learning
Dependent variables
Kohlberg
Sigmund Freud
Gestalt Learning Theory
31. Insight Learning
Dependent variables
B. F. Skinner
Wolfgang Kohler
Lev Vygotsky
32. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.
Wolfgang Kohler
Behavioralism
Attachment Theory
Drive Reduction Theory
33. 1925 - Observational Learning
Albert Bandura
Cognitive Theories
Schema
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
34. The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
Edwin Guthrie
Social Learning Theory
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Kurt Koffka
35. (Estes) - A theory developed by Estes that attempts to show how stimuli are sampled and attached to responses. A statistical learning theory.
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Cognitive Perspective
Gilligan
B. F. Skinner
36. (G. A. Miller)- (Test - Operate - Test - Exit). These are operational feedback units that function within a self-regulated system.
37. While earlier theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems - humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Some of these theorists include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
Leon Festinger
Humanist Theories
B. F. Skinner
Erik Erikson
38. Occurs when the presence of previously learned material interferes with the learning of new material.
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Proactive inhibition
Neo-behaviorism
Law of Effect
39. Contiguity Theory; 'One-Trial Learning' (Behaviorism)
Psychosexual Theory
Jack Mezirow
Edwin Guthrie
Carl Rogers
40. (Hull)- the notion that behavior occurs in reponse to 'drives' such as hunger - thirst - sexual interest - feeling cold - etc. When the goal of the drive is attained (food - water - mating - warmth) the drive is reduced - and this constitutes reinfor
TOTE's
Social Learning Perspective
Drive Reduction Theory
Erik Erikson
41. Explanation of development that focuses on the quality of the early emotional relationships developed between children and their caregivers
Attachment Theory
Leon Festinger
Humanistic Perspective
Gestalt Learning Theory
42. (Tolman) - these are hypothetical constructs rather than physical parameters. They are definable and measurable but not observable. They have functional relationships with both independent and dependent variables. They are internal cognitive processe
Self-Actualization
Intervening variables
Neo-behaviorism
Lev Vygotsky
43. Multiple intelligence theory specifies seven different intelligences that presume a broadened definition of intelligence.
TOTE's
Constructivism
Gardner
Jerome Bruner
44. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.
Erik Erikson
Lev Vygotsky
Law of Exercise
Ivan Pavlov
45. (Spence)- reinforcement combined with frustration or inhibitors facilitated finding a correct stimulus among a cluster which included incorrect ones. This was a 'carrot and stick' model.
Edward C. Tolman
Discrimination Learning Theory
Jack Mezirow
Self-Efficacy
46. Constructive Knowledge.Construct with ideas and concepts of what they know.
Cognitive Theories
Max Wertheimer 1880
Brunner
Proactive inhibition
47. Social Constructivism; The Zone of Proximal Development is a concept for which he is well known.
Constructivism
Lev Vygotsky
B. F. Skinner
Dependent variables
48. Development; Concepts: stages of moral development; Study Basics: Studied boys responses to and processes of reasoning in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma is 'Heinz' who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he ste
Drive Reduction Theory
Attachment Theory
Kohlberg
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
49. Cognitive Dissonance
Discrimination Learning Theory
Contiguity
Leon Festinger
Social Learning Theory
50. (Piaget) - an element of a cognitive structure. Schema refers to a general potential to perform a class of behaviors - and content describes the conditions that prevail during any particular example of that potential being activated. (Schemata = plul
Lev Vygotsky
Intervening variables
Schema
Behavioralism