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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories
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clep
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teaching
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Discrimination Learning
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Observational Learning
Keneth W. Spence
Erik Erikson
2. (Hull)- the notion that behavior occurs in reponse to 'drives' such as hunger - thirst - sexual interest - feeling cold - etc. When the goal of the drive is attained (food - water - mating - warmth) the drive is reduced - and this constitutes reinfor
Self-Efficacy
John B. Watson
Drive Reduction Theory
Behavioralism
3. (Estes) - A theory developed by Estes that attempts to show how stimuli are sampled and attached to responses. A statistical learning theory.
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Lev Vygotsky
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
Gilligan
4. Coined the term 'Behaviorism'
Abraham Maslow
Max Wertheimer 1880
John B. Watson
Statistical Learning Theory
5. Constructivist; Genetic Epistemology; Stages of Cognitive Development
Intervening variables
Gilligan
Jean Piaget
Kurt Lewin
6. Humanistic; Experiential Learning
Edwin Guthrie
TOTE's
Kurt Koffka
Carl Rogers
7. Theory of Classical Conditioning
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
Ivan Pavlov
Law of Exercise
Kurt Lewin
8. According to Maslow - the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential
Self-Actualization
John Seely Brown
J.P. Guilford
Statistical Learning Theory
9. Drive Reduction Theory
Leon Festinger
Constructivism
Keneth W. Spence
Clark Hull
10. Gestalt Learning Theory
J.P. Guilford
Max Wertheimer 1880
John B. Watson
Abraham Maslow
11. Albert Bandura - 1. Attention - the learner must have his/her senses directed at the model 2. Retention - coding - and storing the patterns so they can be retrieved. This may include vivid imagery an verbal descriptions. 3. Motor reproduction - kines
Observational Learning
Attachment Theory
Jean Piaget
Proactive inhibition
12. Social Constructivism; The Zone of Proximal Development is a concept for which he is well known.
Bandura
Behavioralism
Intervening variables
Lev Vygotsky
13. A transitional group - bridging the gap between behaviorism and cognitive theories of learning. timulus-Response; Intervening Internal Variables; Purposive Behavior; E.C.Tolman - Clark Hull - Kenneth W. Spence
Neo-behaviorism
Gilligan
Observational Learning
Intervening variables
14. Multiple intelligence theory specifies seven different intelligences that presume a broadened definition of intelligence.
TOTE's
David Ausubel
Sigmund Freud
Gardner
15. Refers to one's belief about one's ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes. Those with high levels for a particular task are more likely to succeed than those with low levels
Self-Efficacy
William Kaye Estes
Social Learning Perspective
John B. Watson
16. Freud's theory which emphasized that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in he first few years is crucial for healthy personality development
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
Self-Actualization
Expectancy Theory
Psychosexual Theory
17. (Piaget) - an element of a cognitive structure. Schema refers to a general potential to perform a class of behaviors - and content describes the conditions that prevail during any particular example of that potential being activated. (Schemata = plul
Observational Learning
Edwin Guthrie
Schema
Abraham Maslow
18. Field Theoretical Approach
David Ausubel
Sigmund Freud
Expectancy Theory
Kurt Lewin
19. (Tolman)- the theory that animals (and humans) develop expectancy or anticipation of rewards for completing behaviors they have learned - and this expectancy functions as an internal incentive or motivation.
Lev Vygotsky
Abraham Maslow
Social Learning Perspective
Expectancy Theory
20. Constructivist; published The Process of Education; theories emphasize the significance of categorization in learning
Lev Vygotsky
Gardner
Jerome Bruner
Social Learning Perspective
21. Development; Concepts: gender in moral development; Study Basics: Did moral development studies to follow up Kohlberg. She studied girls and women and found that they did not score as high on his six stage scale because they focused more on relations
Ivan Pavlov
Gardner
Gilligan
Jerome Bruner
22. While earlier theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems - humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Some of these theorists include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
Humanistic Perspective
Humanist Theories
Edward L.Thorndike
David Ausubel
23. Contiguity Theory; 'One-Trial Learning' (Behaviorism)
William Kaye Estes
Ivan Pavlov
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Edwin Guthrie
24. (Tolman) - these are hypothetical constructs rather than physical parameters. They are definable and measurable but not observable. They have functional relationships with both independent and dependent variables. They are internal cognitive processe
Cognitive Theories
Proactive inhibition
Intervening variables
Gilligan
25. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.
Proactive inhibition
Statistical Learning Theory
Humanistic Perspective
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
26. Vygotsky - ZPD refers to the observation that children - when learning a particular task or body of information - are unable initiallly to do the task. Later they can do it with the assistance of an adult or older child mentor - and finally they can
David Ausubel
Lev Vygotsky
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
Jack Mezirow
27. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.
Psychosexual Theory
Behavioralism
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
Cognitive Theories
28. Development; Concepts: stages of moral development; Study Basics: Studied boys responses to and processes of reasoning in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma is 'Heinz' who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he ste
Kohlberg
Carl Rogers
Dependent variables
Kurt Lewin
29. Humanistic; Transformational Learning
Kurt Lewin
Cognitive Perspective
John B. Watson
Jack Mezirow
30. (Thorndike) - Responses which occur just prior to a satisfying state of affairs are more likely to be repeated - and responses just prior to an annoying state of affairs are more likely NOT to be repeated.
Cognitive Theories
Connectionism
Law of Effect
Abraham Maslow
31. 1925 - Observational Learning
Abraham Maslow
Albert Bandura
Drive Reduction Theory
Leon Festinger
32. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response take the form of neural connections. Learning involves the 'stamping in' of connections - forgetting involves 'stamping out' connections.
Inert knowledge
Connectionism
John B. Watson
Social Learning Theory
33. Structure of intellect stipulated that intelligence depends on our mental operations (or process of thinking) - our thoughts (i.e. - content) - and the products or end results of these operations.
Proactive inhibition
Cognitive Theories
Behavioralism
J.P. Guilford
34. Operant Conditioning
Attachment Theory
B. F. Skinner
John B. Watson
Max Wertheimer 1880
35. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.
Self-Actualization
Jean Piaget
Inert knowledge
Law of Effect
36. Emotions and Affect Play a Role in Learning
Gestalt Learning Theory
Humanistic Perspective
Operant Conditioning
Brunner
37. Constructive Knowledge.Construct with ideas and concepts of what they know.
Brunner
Social Learning Perspective
Leon Festinger
Clark Hull
38. Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor - 2. preoperational - 3. concrete operational - and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation
Jean Piaget
Erik Erikson
Abraham Maslow
Proactive inhibition
39. In the study of motivation - an explanation of behavior that asserts that people actively and regularly determine their own goals and the means of achieving them through thought.
Jean Piaget
Operant Conditioning
Cognitive Theories
Edward L.Thorndike
40. Knowledge is Constructed; the Learner is an Active Creator
Lev Vygotsky
Constructivism
Wolfgang Kohler
Operant Conditioning
41. (Behaviorism)- One explanation for learning in behaviorism; an association is built between two events simply because they occured simultaneously or overlapping in time.For example - if food is presented while some auditory signal is given - a dog wi
Humanistic Perspective
Contiguity
Kurt Lewin
Connectionism
42. Learning as a Mental Process
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
Max Wertheimer 1880
Cognitive Perspective
43. Physiological- water - sleep food. Safety- security - shelter - protection Belongingness- love - friendship - acceptance. Ego Needs- prestige - status. Self Actualization- self fulfillment - enriching experiances
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44. A learning theory in which the probablity of a response is the dependent variable. Independent variables are usually stimuli controlled by the researcher. These are attempts to quantify and objectify learning research.
Self-Efficacy
Statistical Learning Theory
Attachment Theory
Jean Piaget
45. Perception - Decision making - Attention - Memory - & Problem Solving
Gestalt Learning Theory
Social Learning Perspective
Lev Vygotsky
Connectionism
46. Psychoanalytic Theory of Learning; The role of the Unconscious Mind in Learning
Sigmund Freud
Social Learning Perspective
Proactive inhibition
Ivan Pavlov
47. Presented a theory of self-efficacy - or the importance of one's personal belief regarding self-ability and chances of success - as key to motivation.
Bandura
Jean Piaget
Discrimination Learning Theory
Max Wertheimer 1880
48. Follower of Jean Piaget. Developed and researched advanced organizers. Developed subsumation theorty - that the primary process in learning is subsumation where new material is relation to relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure in a subst
David Ausubel
Psychosexual Theory
Attachment Theory
Humanistic Perspective
49. Occurs when the presence of previously learned material interferes with the learning of new material.
Kurt Koffka
Carl Rogers
Lev Vygotsky
Proactive inhibition
50. (Behaviorism - Skinner)- a model which states that when a resonse is followed by a reinforcer - the result will be an increase in the probability that this response will occur again under similar conditions.
Max Wertheimer 1880
Kurt Lewin
Operant Conditioning
Edward L.Thorndike