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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories
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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. Theory of Classical Conditioning
Gilligan
Gardner
Self-Efficacy
Ivan Pavlov
2. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
Social Learning Perspective
Law of Effect
Inert knowledge
3. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'
Erik Erikson
Jean Piaget
Jean Piaget
B. F. Skinner
4. (Tolman) - these are hypothetical constructs rather than physical parameters. They are definable and measurable but not observable. They have functional relationships with both independent and dependent variables. They are internal cognitive processe
Constructivism
Intervening variables
Jean Piaget
Cognitive Theories
5. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.
Max Wertheimer 1880
Operant Conditioning
Law of Exercise
Psychosexual Theory
6. Multiple intelligence theory specifies seven different intelligences that presume a broadened definition of intelligence.
Gardner
Ivan Pavlov
Gilligan
B. F. Skinner
7. Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor - 2. preoperational - 3. concrete operational - and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation
Jean Piaget
Proactive inhibition
Statistical Learning Theory
Neo-behaviorism
8. Sign Theory & Latent Learning
Proactive inhibition
Edward C. Tolman
Dependent variables
Operant Conditioning
9. Occurs when the presence of previously learned material interferes with the learning of new material.
Proactive inhibition
Cognitive Perspective
Dependent variables
Brunner
10. The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
Edwin Guthrie
Edward L.Thorndike
Social Learning Theory
Brunner
11. According to Maslow - the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential
Psychosexual Theory
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Law of Effect
Self-Actualization
12. Drive Reduction Theory
Clark Hull
Discrimination Learning Theory
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
Keneth W. Spence
13. Explanation of development that focuses on the quality of the early emotional relationships developed between children and their caregivers
Attachment Theory
Lev Vygotsky
B. F. Skinner
Social Learning Theory
14. Freud's theory which emphasized that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in he first few years is crucial for healthy personality development
Psychosexual Theory
Drive Reduction Theory
Social Learning Perspective
Erik Erikson
15. Variables being observed and measured in response to the independent variables - such as amount of time taken to learn a task or respond after a stimulus is given - number of responses - etc.
Dependent variables
Drive Reduction Theory
Operant Conditioning
John B. Watson
16. (Estes) - A theory developed by Estes that attempts to show how stimuli are sampled and attached to responses. A statistical learning theory.
Gardner
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Law of Effect
Social Learning Perspective
17. Cognitive Dissonance
Leon Festinger
Constructivism
Discrimination Learning Theory
Law of Effect
18. (Spence)- reinforcement combined with frustration or inhibitors facilitated finding a correct stimulus among a cluster which included incorrect ones. This was a 'carrot and stick' model.
Inert knowledge
Dependent variables
Discrimination Learning Theory
Gilligan
19. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response take the form of neural connections. Learning involves the 'stamping in' of connections - forgetting involves 'stamping out' connections.
John Seely Brown
Connectionism
J.P. Guilford
Proactive inhibition
20. (Thorndike) - Responses which occur just prior to a satisfying state of affairs are more likely to be repeated - and responses just prior to an annoying state of affairs are more likely NOT to be repeated.
Clark Hull
Law of Effect
John Seely Brown
Expectancy Theory
21. Vygotsky - ZPD refers to the observation that children - when learning a particular task or body of information - are unable initiallly to do the task. Later they can do it with the assistance of an adult or older child mentor - and finally they can
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Humanistic Perspective
Neo-behaviorism
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
22. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.
Behavioralism
Brunner
Kurt Lewin
Observational Learning
23. Insight Learning
Wolfgang Kohler
Clark Hull
Gestalt Learning Theory
Operant Conditioning
24. Structure of intellect stipulated that intelligence depends on our mental operations (or process of thinking) - our thoughts (i.e. - content) - and the products or end results of these operations.
Dependent variables
J.P. Guilford
John Seely Brown
Gilligan
25. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.
Inert knowledge
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Albert Bandura
Brunner
26. Field Theoretical Approach
Proactive inhibition
Jean Piaget
Kurt Lewin
Humanist Theories
27. (Tolman)- the theory that animals (and humans) develop expectancy or anticipation of rewards for completing behaviors they have learned - and this expectancy functions as an internal incentive or motivation.
Jean Piaget
Jean Piaget
Expectancy Theory
Albert Bandura
28. (G. A. Miller)- (Test - Operate - Test - Exit). These are operational feedback units that function within a self-regulated system.
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29. Gestalt Theory
Statistical Learning Theory
Social Learning Theory
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Kurt Koffka
30. Presented a theory of self-efficacy - or the importance of one's personal belief regarding self-ability and chances of success - as key to motivation.
Sigmund Freud
Bandura
Jerome Bruner
Proactive inhibition
31. 1925 - Observational Learning
Psychosexual Theory
Cognitive Theories
Albert Bandura
Self-Efficacy
32. Cognitive Apprenticeship
Connectionism
Attachment Theory
John Seely Brown
Jerome Bruner
33. While earlier theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems - humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Some of these theorists include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
Humanist Theories
Behavioralism
TOTE's
Gilligan
34. Follower of Jean Piaget. Developed and researched advanced organizers. Developed subsumation theorty - that the primary process in learning is subsumation where new material is relation to relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure in a subst
Leon Festinger
Humanistic Perspective
Gardner
David Ausubel
35. Emotions and Affect Play a Role in Learning
Law of Exercise
Cognitive Perspective
Humanistic Perspective
Connectionism
36. Coined the term 'Behaviorism'
Edward C. Tolman
Brunner
Self-Actualization
John B. Watson
37. Development; Concepts: gender in moral development; Study Basics: Did moral development studies to follow up Kohlberg. She studied girls and women and found that they did not score as high on his six stage scale because they focused more on relations
Intervening variables
Discrimination Learning Theory
Gilligan
Connectionism
38. Perception - Decision making - Attention - Memory - & Problem Solving
Albert Bandura
Intervening variables
Gestalt Learning Theory
Jack Mezirow
39. Constructive Knowledge.Construct with ideas and concepts of what they know.
Clark Hull
Max Wertheimer 1880
Brunner
Proactive inhibition
40. Albert Bandura - 1. Attention - the learner must have his/her senses directed at the model 2. Retention - coding - and storing the patterns so they can be retrieved. This may include vivid imagery an verbal descriptions. 3. Motor reproduction - kines
John Seely Brown
Leon Festinger
Observational Learning
Gestalt Learning Theory
41. In the study of motivation - an explanation of behavior that asserts that people actively and regularly determine their own goals and the means of achieving them through thought.
Clark Hull
Cognitive Theories
Law of Effect
Proactive inhibition
42. A learning theory in which the probablity of a response is the dependent variable. Independent variables are usually stimuli controlled by the researcher. These are attempts to quantify and objectify learning research.
Statistical Learning Theory
Kurt Koffka
TOTE's
John Seely Brown
43. (Hull)- the notion that behavior occurs in reponse to 'drives' such as hunger - thirst - sexual interest - feeling cold - etc. When the goal of the drive is attained (food - water - mating - warmth) the drive is reduced - and this constitutes reinfor
Max Wertheimer 1880
Drive Reduction Theory
Dependent variables
Edward C. Tolman
44. (Behaviorism - Skinner)- a model which states that when a resonse is followed by a reinforcer - the result will be an increase in the probability that this response will occur again under similar conditions.
Social Learning Perspective
Operant Conditioning
Jack Mezirow
Law of Exercise
45. Discrimination Learning
Psychosexual Theory
Kurt Koffka
Keneth W. Spence
Self-Efficacy
46. Physiological- water - sleep food. Safety- security - shelter - protection Belongingness- love - friendship - acceptance. Ego Needs- prestige - status. Self Actualization- self fulfillment - enriching experiances
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47. Learning as a Mental Process
Erik Erikson
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Cognitive Perspective
Behavioralism
48. Humanistic; Transformational Learning
Behavioralism
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
Jack Mezirow
Social Learning Theory
49. Constructivist; Genetic Epistemology; Stages of Cognitive Development
Kurt Lewin
Humanistic Perspective
Jean Piaget
Kohlberg
50. Development; Concepts: stages of moral development; Study Basics: Studied boys responses to and processes of reasoning in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma is 'Heinz' who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he ste
Bandura
Brunner
Kohlberg
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
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