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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories
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clep
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teaching
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Vygotsky - ZPD refers to the observation that children - when learning a particular task or body of information - are unable initiallly to do the task. Later they can do it with the assistance of an adult or older child mentor - and finally they can
Intervening variables
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
Humanistic Perspective
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
2. Theory of Classical Conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
Kurt Koffka
Neo-behaviorism
Jean Piaget
3. Follower of Jean Piaget. Developed and researched advanced organizers. Developed subsumation theorty - that the primary process in learning is subsumation where new material is relation to relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure in a subst
TOTE's
Jack Mezirow
David Ausubel
Cognitive Perspective
4. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.
Self-Efficacy
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Kurt Koffka
Contiguity
5. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.
Law of Exercise
John Seely Brown
Schema
Gilligan
6. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response take the form of neural connections. Learning involves the 'stamping in' of connections - forgetting involves 'stamping out' connections.
Connectionism
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Constructivism
Jack Mezirow
7. Gestalt Theory
Self-Actualization
Kurt Koffka
Leon Festinger
Gardner
8. Development; Concepts: stages of moral development; Study Basics: Studied boys responses to and processes of reasoning in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma is 'Heinz' who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he ste
Social Learning Perspective
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
Kohlberg
Wolfgang Kohler
9. (Behaviorism)- One explanation for learning in behaviorism; an association is built between two events simply because they occured simultaneously or overlapping in time.For example - if food is presented while some auditory signal is given - a dog wi
Connectionism
Contiguity
Brunner
B. F. Skinner
10. (Tolman)- the theory that animals (and humans) develop expectancy or anticipation of rewards for completing behaviors they have learned - and this expectancy functions as an internal incentive or motivation.
Jack Mezirow
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Social Learning Perspective
Expectancy Theory
11. Drive Reduction Theory
Self-Efficacy
Clark Hull
Connectionism
Social Learning Perspective
12. Emotions and Affect Play a Role in Learning
Jack Mezirow
David Ausubel
Humanistic Perspective
Wolfgang Kohler
13. Coined the term 'Behaviorism'
Erik Erikson
Schema
Albert Bandura
John B. Watson
14. Humanistic; Experiential Learning
Intervening variables
Carl Rogers
Keneth W. Spence
J.P. Guilford
15. Humanistic; Transformational Learning
Humanistic Perspective
Proactive inhibition
Kohlberg
Jack Mezirow
16. Gestalt Learning Theory
Sigmund Freud
Jack Mezirow
Max Wertheimer 1880
John Seely Brown
17. Refers to one's belief about one's ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes. Those with high levels for a particular task are more likely to succeed than those with low levels
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Lev Vygotsky
Self-Efficacy
Gardner
18. Occurs when the presence of previously learned material interferes with the learning of new material.
Connectionism
Leon Festinger
Proactive inhibition
Clark Hull
19. Psychoanalytic Theory of Learning; The role of the Unconscious Mind in Learning
Ivan Pavlov
Leon Festinger
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
Sigmund Freud
20. (Piaget) - an element of a cognitive structure. Schema refers to a general potential to perform a class of behaviors - and content describes the conditions that prevail during any particular example of that potential being activated. (Schemata = plul
Carl Rogers
Humanistic Perspective
Observational Learning
Schema
21. Emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development - Developed the idea of the 'Zone of Proximal Development -' mainly focused on cognitive development of children.
Attachment Theory
Leon Festinger
Dependent variables
Lev Vygotsky
22. Sign Theory & Latent Learning
Edward C. Tolman
Expectancy Theory
Leon Festinger
Kurt Koffka
23. Constructivist; published The Process of Education; theories emphasize the significance of categorization in learning
Jerome Bruner
Contiguity
Law of Effect
Ivan Pavlov
24. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.
Max Wertheimer 1880
Kurt Lewin
Inert knowledge
Gestalt Learning Theory
25. In the study of motivation - an explanation of behavior that asserts that people actively and regularly determine their own goals and the means of achieving them through thought.
Cognitive Theories
John Seely Brown
Humanistic Perspective
Edward C. Tolman
26. (Spence)- reinforcement combined with frustration or inhibitors facilitated finding a correct stimulus among a cluster which included incorrect ones. This was a 'carrot and stick' model.
Observational Learning
Discrimination Learning Theory
Neo-behaviorism
Self-Efficacy
27. (G. A. Miller)- (Test - Operate - Test - Exit). These are operational feedback units that function within a self-regulated system.
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28. (Tolman) - these are hypothetical constructs rather than physical parameters. They are definable and measurable but not observable. They have functional relationships with both independent and dependent variables. They are internal cognitive processe
J.P. Guilford
Gestalt Learning Theory
Intervening variables
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
29. Structure of intellect stipulated that intelligence depends on our mental operations (or process of thinking) - our thoughts (i.e. - content) - and the products or end results of these operations.
Statistical Learning Theory
Drive Reduction Theory
Albert Bandura
J.P. Guilford
30. Knowledge is Constructed; the Learner is an Active Creator
Proactive inhibition
Constructivism
Sigmund Freud
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
31. (Hull)- the notion that behavior occurs in reponse to 'drives' such as hunger - thirst - sexual interest - feeling cold - etc. When the goal of the drive is attained (food - water - mating - warmth) the drive is reduced - and this constitutes reinfor
Drive Reduction Theory
Cognitive Perspective
William Kaye Estes
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
32. Constructivist; Genetic Epistemology; Stages of Cognitive Development
Contiguity
Lev Vygotsky
Jean Piaget
Behavioralism
33. Social Constructivism; The Zone of Proximal Development is a concept for which he is well known.
Kohlberg
Lev Vygotsky
Ivan Pavlov
Edward C. Tolman
34. A transitional group - bridging the gap between behaviorism and cognitive theories of learning. timulus-Response; Intervening Internal Variables; Purposive Behavior; E.C.Tolman - Clark Hull - Kenneth W. Spence
Wolfgang Kohler
J.P. Guilford
Neo-behaviorism
Self-Efficacy
35. Learning as a group process; Lev Vygotsky 1896 - 1935 Social Constructivism
Lev Vygotsky
Social Learning Perspective
TOTE's
Observational Learning
36. Insight Learning
Wolfgang Kohler
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Contiguity
Dependent variables
37. The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
Jean Piaget
Statistical Learning Theory
Inert knowledge
Social Learning Theory
38. Albert Bandura - 1. Attention - the learner must have his/her senses directed at the model 2. Retention - coding - and storing the patterns so they can be retrieved. This may include vivid imagery an verbal descriptions. 3. Motor reproduction - kines
Attachment Theory
Inert knowledge
Observational Learning
Lev Vygotsky
39. Constructive Knowledge.Construct with ideas and concepts of what they know.
Gardner
Albert Bandura
Brunner
Erik Erikson
40. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'
Abraham Maslow
Attachment Theory
Erik Erikson
Expectancy Theory
41. Operant Conditioning
B. F. Skinner
David Ausubel
Law of Effect
Humanist Theories
42. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.
Edward C. Tolman
Social Learning Theory
Behavioralism
Albert Bandura
43. Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor - 2. preoperational - 3. concrete operational - and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation
Social Learning Perspective
Erik Erikson
Statistical Learning Theory
Jean Piaget
44. Contiguity Theory; 'One-Trial Learning' (Behaviorism)
Edwin Guthrie
Erik Erikson
Edward L.Thorndike
Jean Piaget
45. Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Operant Conditioning
Lev Vygotsky
Constructivism
William Kaye Estes
46. Presented a theory of self-efficacy - or the importance of one's personal belief regarding self-ability and chances of success - as key to motivation.
Edward L.Thorndike
Kurt Lewin
Self-Actualization
Bandura
47. (Estes) - A theory developed by Estes that attempts to show how stimuli are sampled and attached to responses. A statistical learning theory.
Kurt Koffka
Constructivism
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Contiguity
48. Multiple intelligence theory specifies seven different intelligences that presume a broadened definition of intelligence.
Law of Exercise
Gardner
Edward C. Tolman
Attachment Theory
49. While earlier theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems - humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Some of these theorists include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
David Ausubel
Edwin Guthrie
Humanist Theories
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
50. Perception - Decision making - Attention - Memory - & Problem Solving
Constructivism
Psychosexual Theory
Gestalt Learning Theory
Gardner