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CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories

Subjects : clep, teaching
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.






2. Explanation of development that focuses on the quality of the early emotional relationships developed between children and their caregivers






3. Perception - Decision making - Attention - Memory - & Problem Solving






4. While earlier theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems - humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Some of these theorists include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.






5. (Spence)- reinforcement combined with frustration or inhibitors facilitated finding a correct stimulus among a cluster which included incorrect ones. This was a 'carrot and stick' model.






6. Follower of Jean Piaget. Developed and researched advanced organizers. Developed subsumation theorty - that the primary process in learning is subsumation where new material is relation to relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure in a subst






7. Development; Concepts: stages of moral development; Study Basics: Studied boys responses to and processes of reasoning in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma is 'Heinz' who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he ste






8. Drive Reduction Theory






9. Humanistic; Experiential Learning






10. Refers to one's belief about one's ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes. Those with high levels for a particular task are more likely to succeed than those with low levels






11. Humanistic; Transformational Learning






12. (Estes) - A theory developed by Estes that attempts to show how stimuli are sampled and attached to responses. A statistical learning theory.






13. Discrimination Learning






14. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.






15. Multiple intelligence theory specifies seven different intelligences that presume a broadened definition of intelligence.






16. Knowledge is Constructed; the Learner is an Active Creator






17. Constructive Knowledge.Construct with ideas and concepts of what they know.






18. Development; Concepts: gender in moral development; Study Basics: Did moral development studies to follow up Kohlberg. She studied girls and women and found that they did not score as high on his six stage scale because they focused more on relations






19. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.






20. Constructivist; Genetic Epistemology; Stages of Cognitive Development






21. (Hull)- the notion that behavior occurs in reponse to 'drives' such as hunger - thirst - sexual interest - feeling cold - etc. When the goal of the drive is attained (food - water - mating - warmth) the drive is reduced - and this constitutes reinfor






22. Coined the term 'Behaviorism'






23. Vygotsky - ZPD refers to the observation that children - when learning a particular task or body of information - are unable initiallly to do the task. Later they can do it with the assistance of an adult or older child mentor - and finally they can






24. The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished






25. Presented a theory of self-efficacy - or the importance of one's personal belief regarding self-ability and chances of success - as key to motivation.






26. Emotions and Affect Play a Role in Learning






27. Constructivist; published The Process of Education; theories emphasize the significance of categorization in learning






28. Cognitive Apprenticeship






29. Insight Learning






30. Sign Theory & Latent Learning






31. Gestalt Theory






32. 1925 - Observational Learning






33. Humanistic Theory of Learning






34. (Thorndike) - Responses which occur just prior to a satisfying state of affairs are more likely to be repeated - and responses just prior to an annoying state of affairs are more likely NOT to be repeated.






35. Emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development - Developed the idea of the 'Zone of Proximal Development -' mainly focused on cognitive development of children.






36. Psychoanalytic Theory of Learning; The role of the Unconscious Mind in Learning






37. Contiguity Theory; 'One-Trial Learning' (Behaviorism)






38. Occurs when the presence of previously learned material interferes with the learning of new material.






39. Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor - 2. preoperational - 3. concrete operational - and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation






40. (Tolman)- the theory that animals (and humans) develop expectancy or anticipation of rewards for completing behaviors they have learned - and this expectancy functions as an internal incentive or motivation.






41. A learning theory in which the probablity of a response is the dependent variable. Independent variables are usually stimuli controlled by the researcher. These are attempts to quantify and objectify learning research.






42. Operant Conditioning






43. Learning as a group process; Lev Vygotsky 1896 - 1935 Social Constructivism






44. Albert Bandura - 1. Attention - the learner must have his/her senses directed at the model 2. Retention - coding - and storing the patterns so they can be retrieved. This may include vivid imagery an verbal descriptions. 3. Motor reproduction - kines






45. According to Maslow - the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential






46. (Behaviorism)- One explanation for learning in behaviorism; an association is built between two events simply because they occured simultaneously or overlapping in time.For example - if food is presented while some auditory signal is given - a dog wi






47. (G. A. Miller)- (Test - Operate - Test - Exit). These are operational feedback units that function within a self-regulated system.

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48. Theory of Classical Conditioning






49. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.






50. (Behaviorism - Skinner)- a model which states that when a resonse is followed by a reinforcer - the result will be an increase in the probability that this response will occur again under similar conditions.