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CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories

Subjects : clep, teaching
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Emotions and Affect Play a Role in Learning






2. Constructivist; Genetic Epistemology; Stages of Cognitive Development






3. (Tolman)- the theory that animals (and humans) develop expectancy or anticipation of rewards for completing behaviors they have learned - and this expectancy functions as an internal incentive or motivation.






4. Learning as a Mental Process






5. Humanistic; Experiential Learning






6. Gestalt Learning Theory






7. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.






8. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.






9. Contiguity Theory; 'One-Trial Learning' (Behaviorism)






10. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.






11. Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)






12. Vygotsky - ZPD refers to the observation that children - when learning a particular task or body of information - are unable initiallly to do the task. Later they can do it with the assistance of an adult or older child mentor - and finally they can






13. Connectionism; Wrote the thesis - 'Animal Intelligence: An Experimental Study of the Associative Processes in Animals' - in which he concluded that an experimental approach is the only way to understand learning and established his famous 'Law of Eff






14. (Spence)- reinforcement combined with frustration or inhibitors facilitated finding a correct stimulus among a cluster which included incorrect ones. This was a 'carrot and stick' model.






15. Constructive Knowledge.Construct with ideas and concepts of what they know.






16. Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor - 2. preoperational - 3. concrete operational - and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation






17. A learning theory in which the probablity of a response is the dependent variable. Independent variables are usually stimuli controlled by the researcher. These are attempts to quantify and objectify learning research.






18. Occurs when the presence of previously learned material interferes with the learning of new material.






19. Explanation of development that focuses on the quality of the early emotional relationships developed between children and their caregivers






20. Coined the term 'Behaviorism'






21. Physiological- water - sleep food. Safety- security - shelter - protection Belongingness- love - friendship - acceptance. Ego Needs- prestige - status. Self Actualization- self fulfillment - enriching experiances

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22. Cognitive Apprenticeship






23. Freud's theory which emphasized that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in he first few years is crucial for healthy personality development






24. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response take the form of neural connections. Learning involves the 'stamping in' of connections - forgetting involves 'stamping out' connections.






25. Psychoanalytic Theory of Learning; The role of the Unconscious Mind in Learning






26. Sign Theory & Latent Learning






27. Cognitive Dissonance






28. Discrimination Learning






29. Theory of Classical Conditioning






30. (Behaviorism)- One explanation for learning in behaviorism; an association is built between two events simply because they occured simultaneously or overlapping in time.For example - if food is presented while some auditory signal is given - a dog wi






31. Social Constructivism; The Zone of Proximal Development is a concept for which he is well known.






32. (Behaviorism - Skinner)- a model which states that when a resonse is followed by a reinforcer - the result will be an increase in the probability that this response will occur again under similar conditions.






33. While earlier theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems - humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Some of these theorists include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.






34. Refers to one's belief about one's ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes. Those with high levels for a particular task are more likely to succeed than those with low levels






35. Emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development - Developed the idea of the 'Zone of Proximal Development -' mainly focused on cognitive development of children.






36. Development; Concepts: stages of moral development; Study Basics: Studied boys responses to and processes of reasoning in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma is 'Heinz' who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he ste






37. (Estes) - A theory developed by Estes that attempts to show how stimuli are sampled and attached to responses. A statistical learning theory.






38. Presented a theory of self-efficacy - or the importance of one's personal belief regarding self-ability and chances of success - as key to motivation.






39. (Piaget) - an element of a cognitive structure. Schema refers to a general potential to perform a class of behaviors - and content describes the conditions that prevail during any particular example of that potential being activated. (Schemata = plul






40. Constructivist; published The Process of Education; theories emphasize the significance of categorization in learning






41. Gestalt Theory






42. Knowledge is Constructed; the Learner is an Active Creator






43. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'






44. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.






45. Multiple intelligence theory specifies seven different intelligences that presume a broadened definition of intelligence.






46. The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished






47. Drive Reduction Theory






48. In the study of motivation - an explanation of behavior that asserts that people actively and regularly determine their own goals and the means of achieving them through thought.






49. Development; Concepts: gender in moral development; Study Basics: Did moral development studies to follow up Kohlberg. She studied girls and women and found that they did not score as high on his six stage scale because they focused more on relations






50. 1925 - Observational Learning







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