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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories
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Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.
Gestalt Learning Theory
William Kaye Estes
Observational Learning
Behavioralism
2. (Behaviorism)- One explanation for learning in behaviorism; an association is built between two events simply because they occured simultaneously or overlapping in time.For example - if food is presented while some auditory signal is given - a dog wi
Neo-behaviorism
Clark Hull
Edward C. Tolman
Contiguity
3. (Spence)- reinforcement combined with frustration or inhibitors facilitated finding a correct stimulus among a cluster which included incorrect ones. This was a 'carrot and stick' model.
Erik Erikson
Carl Rogers
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Discrimination Learning Theory
4. Field Theoretical Approach
Sigmund Freud
Discrimination Learning Theory
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Kurt Lewin
5. Physiological- water - sleep food. Safety- security - shelter - protection Belongingness- love - friendship - acceptance. Ego Needs- prestige - status. Self Actualization- self fulfillment - enriching experiances
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6. Development; Concepts: stages of moral development; Study Basics: Studied boys responses to and processes of reasoning in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma is 'Heinz' who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he ste
Kohlberg
Lev Vygotsky
Edward L.Thorndike
Humanist Theories
7. Emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development - Developed the idea of the 'Zone of Proximal Development -' mainly focused on cognitive development of children.
Abraham Maslow
Connectionism
Lev Vygotsky
Social Learning Perspective
8. Occurs when the presence of previously learned material interferes with the learning of new material.
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
Jerome Bruner
Proactive inhibition
Contiguity
9. Humanistic; Transformational Learning
Cognitive Perspective
Jack Mezirow
Psychosexual Theory
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
10. Drive Reduction Theory
Constructivism
Expectancy Theory
Erik Erikson
Clark Hull
11. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.
Intervening variables
Inert knowledge
Social Learning Theory
Cognitive Theories
12. 1925 - Observational Learning
Albert Bandura
Law of Effect
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Behavioralism
13. Psychoanalytic Theory of Learning; The role of the Unconscious Mind in Learning
Self-Efficacy
J.P. Guilford
Sigmund Freud
Ivan Pavlov
14. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response take the form of neural connections. Learning involves the 'stamping in' of connections - forgetting involves 'stamping out' connections.
Edward C. Tolman
Connectionism
TOTE's
Kurt Lewin
15. Explanation of development that focuses on the quality of the early emotional relationships developed between children and their caregivers
Attachment Theory
Neo-behaviorism
Statistical Learning Theory
Kurt Lewin
16. Emotions and Affect Play a Role in Learning
Leon Festinger
Neo-behaviorism
Humanistic Perspective
Schema
17. Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor - 2. preoperational - 3. concrete operational - and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation
Keneth W. Spence
Carl Rogers
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Jean Piaget
18. Gestalt Learning Theory
Leon Festinger
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Psychosexual Theory
Max Wertheimer 1880
19. Social Constructivism; The Zone of Proximal Development is a concept for which he is well known.
Edwin Guthrie
David Ausubel
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Lev Vygotsky
20. According to Maslow - the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential
Statistical Learning Theory
Self-Actualization
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Edwin Guthrie
21. Theory of Classical Conditioning
Expectancy Theory
Contiguity
Statistical Learning Theory
Ivan Pavlov
22. In the study of motivation - an explanation of behavior that asserts that people actively and regularly determine their own goals and the means of achieving them through thought.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
Wolfgang Kohler
Cognitive Theories
23. (Thorndike) - Responses which occur just prior to a satisfying state of affairs are more likely to be repeated - and responses just prior to an annoying state of affairs are more likely NOT to be repeated.
Jerome Bruner
Law of Effect
Expectancy Theory
Self-Efficacy
24. Cognitive Apprenticeship
Kurt Lewin
Erik Erikson
Lev Vygotsky
John Seely Brown
25. Vygotsky - ZPD refers to the observation that children - when learning a particular task or body of information - are unable initiallly to do the task. Later they can do it with the assistance of an adult or older child mentor - and finally they can
Gardner
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
Bandura
Jerome Bruner
26. Operant Conditioning
Carl Rogers
Statistical Learning Theory
B. F. Skinner
David Ausubel
27. Refers to one's belief about one's ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes. Those with high levels for a particular task are more likely to succeed than those with low levels
Inert knowledge
Dependent variables
Self-Efficacy
Edwin Guthrie
28. The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
Cognitive Theories
Inert knowledge
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Social Learning Theory
29. Humanistic Theory of Learning
Abraham Maslow
Ivan Pavlov
B. F. Skinner
Keneth W. Spence
30. (Behaviorism - Skinner)- a model which states that when a resonse is followed by a reinforcer - the result will be an increase in the probability that this response will occur again under similar conditions.
Self-Efficacy
Operant Conditioning
Jack Mezirow
Ivan Pavlov
31. Learning as a group process; Lev Vygotsky 1896 - 1935 Social Constructivism
Humanistic Perspective
Social Learning Perspective
Law of Effect
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
32. A transitional group - bridging the gap between behaviorism and cognitive theories of learning. timulus-Response; Intervening Internal Variables; Purposive Behavior; E.C.Tolman - Clark Hull - Kenneth W. Spence
Lev Vygotsky
Dependent variables
Neo-behaviorism
Gardner
33. Sign Theory & Latent Learning
Edward C. Tolman
Self-Actualization
Humanistic Perspective
Lev Vygotsky
34. Presented a theory of self-efficacy - or the importance of one's personal belief regarding self-ability and chances of success - as key to motivation.
Self-Actualization
Humanistic Perspective
Edwin Guthrie
Bandura
35. Constructivist; Genetic Epistemology; Stages of Cognitive Development
Erik Erikson
Humanist Theories
Jean Piaget
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
36. (G. A. Miller)- (Test - Operate - Test - Exit). These are operational feedback units that function within a self-regulated system.
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37. Multiple intelligence theory specifies seven different intelligences that presume a broadened definition of intelligence.
Schema
Gardner
Albert Bandura
Attachment Theory
38. Learning as a Mental Process
Abraham Maslow
Carl Rogers
Cognitive Perspective
Observational Learning
39. While earlier theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems - humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Some of these theorists include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
TOTE's
J.P. Guilford
John B. Watson
Humanist Theories
40. Insight Learning
Wolfgang Kohler
Intervening variables
Ivan Pavlov
Kohlberg
41. Follower of Jean Piaget. Developed and researched advanced organizers. Developed subsumation theorty - that the primary process in learning is subsumation where new material is relation to relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure in a subst
David Ausubel
Clark Hull
Jerome Bruner
B. F. Skinner
42. (Piaget) - an element of a cognitive structure. Schema refers to a general potential to perform a class of behaviors - and content describes the conditions that prevail during any particular example of that potential being activated. (Schemata = plul
Abraham Maslow
Humanist Theories
Schema
Jerome Bruner
43. Connectionism; Wrote the thesis - 'Animal Intelligence: An Experimental Study of the Associative Processes in Animals' - in which he concluded that an experimental approach is the only way to understand learning and established his famous 'Law of Eff
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Edward L.Thorndike
Keneth W. Spence
Law of Effect
44. Freud's theory which emphasized that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in he first few years is crucial for healthy personality development
Jean Piaget
Psychosexual Theory
Connectionism
Humanistic Perspective
45. Humanistic; Experiential Learning
Carl Rogers
Self-Efficacy
Expectancy Theory
B. F. Skinner
46. (Estes) - A theory developed by Estes that attempts to show how stimuli are sampled and attached to responses. A statistical learning theory.
Gestalt Learning Theory
Behavioralism
Connectionism
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
47. Coined the term 'Behaviorism'
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Erik Erikson
Cognitive Perspective
John B. Watson
48. Variables being observed and measured in response to the independent variables - such as amount of time taken to learn a task or respond after a stimulus is given - number of responses - etc.
Cognitive Perspective
Jerome Bruner
Dependent variables
Operant Conditioning
49. (Hull)- the notion that behavior occurs in reponse to 'drives' such as hunger - thirst - sexual interest - feeling cold - etc. When the goal of the drive is attained (food - water - mating - warmth) the drive is reduced - and this constitutes reinfor
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
Attachment Theory
Law of Exercise
Drive Reduction Theory
50. Development; Concepts: gender in moral development; Study Basics: Did moral development studies to follow up Kohlberg. She studied girls and women and found that they did not score as high on his six stage scale because they focused more on relations
John Seely Brown
Gilligan
Cognitive Perspective
Leon Festinger