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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories
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clep
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Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. While earlier theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems - humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Some of these theorists include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
Humanist Theories
Neo-behaviorism
Sigmund Freud
Lev Vygotsky
2. (G. A. Miller)- (Test - Operate - Test - Exit). These are operational feedback units that function within a self-regulated system.
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3. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.
Humanistic Perspective
Discrimination Learning Theory
Behavioralism
Inert knowledge
4. Emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development - Developed the idea of the 'Zone of Proximal Development -' mainly focused on cognitive development of children.
Clark Hull
Lev Vygotsky
Discrimination Learning Theory
Schema
5. Occurs when the presence of previously learned material interferes with the learning of new material.
Lev Vygotsky
Proactive inhibition
Cognitive Theories
Wolfgang Kohler
6. (Tolman) - these are hypothetical constructs rather than physical parameters. They are definable and measurable but not observable. They have functional relationships with both independent and dependent variables. They are internal cognitive processe
Attachment Theory
Intervening variables
Social Learning Perspective
Social Learning Theory
7. According to Maslow - the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential
Edwin Guthrie
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
Self-Actualization
Albert Bandura
8. (Thorndike) - Responses which occur just prior to a satisfying state of affairs are more likely to be repeated - and responses just prior to an annoying state of affairs are more likely NOT to be repeated.
Law of Effect
Humanistic Perspective
Psychosexual Theory
Edward L.Thorndike
9. Humanistic Theory of Learning
Humanistic Perspective
Abraham Maslow
Social Learning Theory
Leon Festinger
10. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.
Inert knowledge
Jean Piaget
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
11. In the study of motivation - an explanation of behavior that asserts that people actively and regularly determine their own goals and the means of achieving them through thought.
Connectionism
Humanist Theories
Proactive inhibition
Cognitive Theories
12. Knowledge is Constructed; the Learner is an Active Creator
John Seely Brown
Neo-behaviorism
Constructivism
Self-Actualization
13. (Tolman)- the theory that animals (and humans) develop expectancy or anticipation of rewards for completing behaviors they have learned - and this expectancy functions as an internal incentive or motivation.
Kohlberg
Cognitive Perspective
Expectancy Theory
Ivan Pavlov
14. Theory of Classical Conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
John B. Watson
Gestalt Learning Theory
Intervening variables
15. Humanistic; Experiential Learning
Contiguity
Carl Rogers
Proactive inhibition
Gardner
16. Discrimination Learning
Jean Piaget
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
Kurt Lewin
Keneth W. Spence
17. Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor - 2. preoperational - 3. concrete operational - and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation
Albert Bandura
Observational Learning
Intervening variables
Jean Piaget
18. Multiple intelligence theory specifies seven different intelligences that presume a broadened definition of intelligence.
Gardner
Discrimination Learning Theory
David Ausubel
Expectancy Theory
19. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.
Jean Piaget
Law of Exercise
Lev Vygotsky
Brunner
20. (Behaviorism - Skinner)- a model which states that when a resonse is followed by a reinforcer - the result will be an increase in the probability that this response will occur again under similar conditions.
Drive Reduction Theory
Operant Conditioning
Bandura
Psychosexual Theory
21. Constructive Knowledge.Construct with ideas and concepts of what they know.
Bandura
Brunner
Psychosexual Theory
Zone of Proximal development (ZPD)
22. Operant Conditioning
Sigmund Freud
B. F. Skinner
Abraham Maslow
Kohlberg
23. Psychoanalytic Theory of Learning; The role of the Unconscious Mind in Learning
Humanistic Perspective
Kohlberg
Sigmund Freud
Intervening variables
24. Presented a theory of self-efficacy - or the importance of one's personal belief regarding self-ability and chances of success - as key to motivation.
Bandura
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Operant Conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
25. (Behaviorism)- One explanation for learning in behaviorism; an association is built between two events simply because they occured simultaneously or overlapping in time.For example - if food is presented while some auditory signal is given - a dog wi
Max Wertheimer 1880
John Seely Brown
Contiguity
Humanistic Perspective
26. Emotions and Affect Play a Role in Learning
Humanistic Perspective
Clark Hull
Edwin Guthrie
Max Wertheimer 1880
27. Learning as a Mental Process
B. F. Skinner
Attachment Theory
Cognitive Perspective
Dependent variables
28. Insight Learning
Social Learning Perspective
Social Learning Theory
Drive Reduction Theory
Wolfgang Kohler
29. Albert Bandura - 1. Attention - the learner must have his/her senses directed at the model 2. Retention - coding - and storing the patterns so they can be retrieved. This may include vivid imagery an verbal descriptions. 3. Motor reproduction - kines
Observational Learning
Max Wertheimer 1880
Abraham Maslow
Kurt Lewin
30. Constructivist; Genetic Epistemology; Stages of Cognitive Development
William Kaye Estes
Operant Conditioning
Jean Piaget
Max Wertheimer 1880
31. Structure of intellect stipulated that intelligence depends on our mental operations (or process of thinking) - our thoughts (i.e. - content) - and the products or end results of these operations.
Behavioralism
J.P. Guilford
Erik Erikson
Clark Hull
32. Development; Concepts: gender in moral development; Study Basics: Did moral development studies to follow up Kohlberg. She studied girls and women and found that they did not score as high on his six stage scale because they focused more on relations
Keneth W. Spence
Edwin Guthrie
Cognitive Theories
Gilligan
33. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'
Behavioralism
Kurt Lewin
Erik Erikson
William Kaye Estes
34. Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Discrimination Learning Theory
Drive Reduction Theory
William Kaye Estes
Max Wertheimer 1880
35. Drive Reduction Theory
Jean Piaget
Clark Hull
Lev Vygotsky
Dependent variables
36. A learning theory in which the probablity of a response is the dependent variable. Independent variables are usually stimuli controlled by the researcher. These are attempts to quantify and objectify learning research.
Jean Piaget
B. F. Skinner
Gilligan
Statistical Learning Theory
37. Gestalt Learning Theory
Statistical Learning Theory
Max Wertheimer 1880
Connectionism
Social Learning Perspective
38. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response take the form of neural connections. Learning involves the 'stamping in' of connections - forgetting involves 'stamping out' connections.
Connectionism
Sigmund Freud
David Ausubel
Gardner
39. Cognitive Apprenticeship
Drive Reduction Theory
Schema
John Seely Brown
Expectancy Theory
40. Contiguity Theory; 'One-Trial Learning' (Behaviorism)
Edwin Guthrie
Sigmund Freud
Kurt Koffka
Gestalt Learning Theory
41. Field Theoretical Approach
Kurt Lewin
Psychosexual Theory
Edward C. Tolman
Social Learning Perspective
42. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.
Statistical Learning Theory
Proactive inhibition
Jean Piaget
IQ - in the Stanford-Binet formulation - is found by
43. (Hull)- the notion that behavior occurs in reponse to 'drives' such as hunger - thirst - sexual interest - feeling cold - etc. When the goal of the drive is attained (food - water - mating - warmth) the drive is reduced - and this constitutes reinfor
Contiguity
Drive Reduction Theory
Wolfgang Kohler
Sigmund Freud
44. Variables being observed and measured in response to the independent variables - such as amount of time taken to learn a task or respond after a stimulus is given - number of responses - etc.
Dependent variables
Neo-behaviorism
Law of Exercise
Abraham Maslow
45. Physiological- water - sleep food. Safety- security - shelter - protection Belongingness- love - friendship - acceptance. Ego Needs- prestige - status. Self Actualization- self fulfillment - enriching experiances
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46. Explanation of development that focuses on the quality of the early emotional relationships developed between children and their caregivers
Social Learning Theory
Attachment Theory
Stimulus Sampling Theory (SST)
Cognitive Theories
47. (Piaget) - an element of a cognitive structure. Schema refers to a general potential to perform a class of behaviors - and content describes the conditions that prevail during any particular example of that potential being activated. (Schemata = plul
Behavioralism
Sigmund Freud
Keneth W. Spence
Schema
48. A transitional group - bridging the gap between behaviorism and cognitive theories of learning. timulus-Response; Intervening Internal Variables; Purposive Behavior; E.C.Tolman - Clark Hull - Kenneth W. Spence
Inert knowledge
Sigmund Freud
Neo-behaviorism
Brunner
49. (Spence)- reinforcement combined with frustration or inhibitors facilitated finding a correct stimulus among a cluster which included incorrect ones. This was a 'carrot and stick' model.
Social Learning Theory
Discrimination Learning Theory
Jean Piaget
Albert Bandura
50. Social Constructivism; The Zone of Proximal Development is a concept for which he is well known.
Lev Vygotsky
Leon Festinger
B. F. Skinner
Social Learning Perspective