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CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories

Subjects : clep, teaching
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. According to Maslow - the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential






2. (Tolman)- the theory that animals (and humans) develop expectancy or anticipation of rewards for completing behaviors they have learned - and this expectancy functions as an internal incentive or motivation.






3. Emotions and Affect Play a Role in Learning






4. Physiological- water - sleep food. Safety- security - shelter - protection Belongingness- love - friendship - acceptance. Ego Needs- prestige - status. Self Actualization- self fulfillment - enriching experiances


5. (Thorndike) - Responses which occur just prior to a satisfying state of affairs are more likely to be repeated - and responses just prior to an annoying state of affairs are more likely NOT to be repeated.






6. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.






7. Structure of intellect stipulated that intelligence depends on our mental operations (or process of thinking) - our thoughts (i.e. - content) - and the products or end results of these operations.






8. Perception - Decision making - Attention - Memory - & Problem Solving






9. Emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development - Developed the idea of the 'Zone of Proximal Development -' mainly focused on cognitive development of children.






10. Follower of Jean Piaget. Developed and researched advanced organizers. Developed subsumation theorty - that the primary process in learning is subsumation where new material is relation to relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure in a subst






11. Learning as a group process; Lev Vygotsky 1896 - 1935 Social Constructivism






12. Constructivist; published The Process of Education; theories emphasize the significance of categorization in learning






13. (Behaviorism)- One explanation for learning in behaviorism; an association is built between two events simply because they occured simultaneously or overlapping in time.For example - if food is presented while some auditory signal is given - a dog wi






14. Gestalt Theory






15. Discrimination Learning






16. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response take the form of neural connections. Learning involves the 'stamping in' of connections - forgetting involves 'stamping out' connections.






17. Variables being observed and measured in response to the independent variables - such as amount of time taken to learn a task or respond after a stimulus is given - number of responses - etc.






18. Drive Reduction Theory






19. Theory of Classical Conditioning






20. Humanistic; Experiential Learning






21. Operant Conditioning






22. Freud's theory which emphasized that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in he first few years is crucial for healthy personality development






23. Coined the term 'Behaviorism'






24. In the study of motivation - an explanation of behavior that asserts that people actively and regularly determine their own goals and the means of achieving them through thought.






25. Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor - 2. preoperational - 3. concrete operational - and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation






26. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.






27. Field Theoretical Approach






28. Learning as a Mental Process






29. Constructivist; Genetic Epistemology; Stages of Cognitive Development






30. Psychoanalytic Theory of Learning; The role of the Unconscious Mind in Learning






31. Insight Learning






32. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.






33. 1925 - Observational Learning






34. The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished






35. (Estes) - A theory developed by Estes that attempts to show how stimuli are sampled and attached to responses. A statistical learning theory.






36. (G. A. Miller)- (Test - Operate - Test - Exit). These are operational feedback units that function within a self-regulated system.


37. While earlier theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems - humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Some of these theorists include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.






38. Occurs when the presence of previously learned material interferes with the learning of new material.






39. Contiguity Theory; 'One-Trial Learning' (Behaviorism)






40. (Hull)- the notion that behavior occurs in reponse to 'drives' such as hunger - thirst - sexual interest - feeling cold - etc. When the goal of the drive is attained (food - water - mating - warmth) the drive is reduced - and this constitutes reinfor






41. Explanation of development that focuses on the quality of the early emotional relationships developed between children and their caregivers






42. (Tolman) - these are hypothetical constructs rather than physical parameters. They are definable and measurable but not observable. They have functional relationships with both independent and dependent variables. They are internal cognitive processe






43. Multiple intelligence theory specifies seven different intelligences that presume a broadened definition of intelligence.






44. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.






45. (Spence)- reinforcement combined with frustration or inhibitors facilitated finding a correct stimulus among a cluster which included incorrect ones. This was a 'carrot and stick' model.






46. Constructive Knowledge.Construct with ideas and concepts of what they know.






47. Social Constructivism; The Zone of Proximal Development is a concept for which he is well known.






48. Development; Concepts: stages of moral development; Study Basics: Studied boys responses to and processes of reasoning in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma is 'Heinz' who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he ste






49. Cognitive Dissonance






50. (Piaget) - an element of a cognitive structure. Schema refers to a general potential to perform a class of behaviors - and content describes the conditions that prevail during any particular example of that potential being activated. (Schemata = plul