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CLEP Educational Psychology Theorists And Theories

Subjects : clep, teaching
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response take the form of neural connections. Learning involves the 'stamping in' of connections - forgetting involves 'stamping out' connections.






2. Social Constructivism; The Zone of Proximal Development is a concept for which he is well known.






3. Humanistic; Transformational Learning






4. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100.






5. Cognitive Apprenticeship






6. Humanistic Theory of Learning






7. Development; Concepts: stages of moral development; Study Basics: Studied boys responses to and processes of reasoning in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma is 'Heinz' who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he ste






8. Field Theoretical Approach






9. According to Maslow - the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential






10. Presented a theory of self-efficacy - or the importance of one's personal belief regarding self-ability and chances of success - as key to motivation.






11. 1925 - Observational Learning






12. Theory of Classical Conditioning






13. (Tolman)- the theory that animals (and humans) develop expectancy or anticipation of rewards for completing behaviors they have learned - and this expectancy functions as an internal incentive or motivation.






14. Sign Theory & Latent Learning






15. Explanation of development that focuses on the quality of the early emotional relationships developed between children and their caregivers






16. Learning as a group process; Lev Vygotsky 1896 - 1935 Social Constructivism






17. Occurs when the presence of previously learned material interferes with the learning of new material.






18. Drive Reduction Theory






19. Constructive Knowledge.Construct with ideas and concepts of what they know.






20. Contiguity Theory; 'One-Trial Learning' (Behaviorism)






21. Constructivist; Genetic Epistemology; Stages of Cognitive Development






22. Development; Concepts: gender in moral development; Study Basics: Did moral development studies to follow up Kohlberg. She studied girls and women and found that they did not score as high on his six stage scale because they focused more on relations






23. A learning theory in which the probablity of a response is the dependent variable. Independent variables are usually stimuli controlled by the researcher. These are attempts to quantify and objectify learning research.






24. In the study of motivation - an explanation of behavior that asserts that people actively and regularly determine their own goals and the means of achieving them through thought.






25. Insight Learning






26. Multiple intelligence theory specifies seven different intelligences that presume a broadened definition of intelligence.






27. A theory that psychology is essentially a study of external human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires.






28. (G. A. Miller)- (Test - Operate - Test - Exit). These are operational feedback units that function within a self-regulated system.

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29. Physiological- water - sleep food. Safety- security - shelter - protection Belongingness- love - friendship - acceptance. Ego Needs- prestige - status. Self Actualization- self fulfillment - enriching experiances

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30. Coined the term 'Behaviorism'






31. (Brown - Cognitive apprenticeship)- knowledge which lacks application or cross contextual understanding.






32. (Behaviorism)- One explanation for learning in behaviorism; an association is built between two events simply because they occured simultaneously or overlapping in time.For example - if food is presented while some auditory signal is given - a dog wi






33. (Behaviorism - Skinner)- a model which states that when a resonse is followed by a reinforcer - the result will be an increase in the probability that this response will occur again under similar conditions.






34. (Hull)- the notion that behavior occurs in reponse to 'drives' such as hunger - thirst - sexual interest - feeling cold - etc. When the goal of the drive is attained (food - water - mating - warmth) the drive is reduced - and this constitutes reinfor






35. Refers to one's belief about one's ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes. Those with high levels for a particular task are more likely to succeed than those with low levels






36. (Estes) - A theory developed by Estes that attempts to show how stimuli are sampled and attached to responses. A statistical learning theory.






37. Psychoanalytic Theory of Learning; The role of the Unconscious Mind in Learning






38. Learning as a Mental Process






39. Freud's theory which emphasized that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in he first few years is crucial for healthy personality development






40. Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor - 2. preoperational - 3. concrete operational - and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation






41. (Thorndike)- the idea that bonds between stimulus and response are strengthened by recency - frequency - and contiguity.






42. Gestalt Theory






43. Constructivist; published The Process of Education; theories emphasize the significance of categorization in learning






44. Knowledge is Constructed; the Learner is an Active Creator






45. Humanistic; Experiential Learning






46. Discrimination Learning






47. Operant Conditioning






48. Follower of Jean Piaget. Developed and researched advanced organizers. Developed subsumation theorty - that the primary process in learning is subsumation where new material is relation to relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure in a subst






49. Gestalt Learning Theory






50. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'