Test your basic knowledge |

CLEP General Mathematics: Probability And Statistics

Subjects : clep, math
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Gives the probability distribution for a continuous random variable.






2. When you have two or more competing models - choose the simpler of the two models.






3. There are four main levels of measurement used in statistics: Each of these have different degrees of usefulness in statistical research.






4. The result of a Bayesian analysis that encapsulates the combination of prior beliefs or information with observed data






5. A pairwise independent collection of random variables is a set of random variables any two of which are independent.






6. (or just likelihood) is a conditional probability function considered a function of its second argument with its first argument held fixed. For example - imagine pulling a numbered ball with the number k from a bag of n balls - numbered 1 to n. Then






7. A subjective estimate of probability.






8. Is a measure of the 'peakedness' of the probability distribution of a real-valued random variable. Higher kurtosis means more of the variance is due to infrequent extreme deviations - as opposed to frequent modestly sized deviations.






9. Any specific experimental condition applied to the subjects






10. The standard deviation of a sampling distribution.






11. E[X] :






12. To find the average - or arithmetic mean - of a set of numbers:






13. When info. in a contingency table is re-organized into more or less categories - relationships seen can change or reverse.

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


14. Have meaningful distances between measurements defined - but the zero value is arbitrary (as in the case with longitude and temperature measurements in Celsius or Fahrenheit)






15. (or expectation) of a random variable is the sum of the probability of each possible outcome of the experiment multiplied by its payoff ('value'). Thus - it represents the average amount one 'expects' to win per bet if bets with identical odds are re






16. Patterns in the data may be modeled in a way that accounts for randomness and uncertainty in the observations - and are then used for drawing inferences about the process or population being studied; this is called






17. (also called statistical variability) is a measure of how diverse some data is. It can be expressed by the variance or the standard deviation.






18. Is one that explores the correlation between smoking and lung cancer. This type of study typically uses a survey to collect observations about the area of interest and then performs statistical analysis. In this case - the researchers would collect o






19. Because variables conforming only to nominal or ordinal measurements cannot be reasonably measured numerically - sometimes they are grouped together as






20. The probability of correctly detecting a false null hypothesis.






21. Long-term upward or downward movement over time.






22. Changes over time that show a regular periodicity in the data where regular means over a fixed interval; the time between repetitions is called the period.






23. Some commonly used symbols for population parameters






24. Performing the experiment following the experimental protocol and analyzing the data following the experimental protocol. 4. Further examining the data set in secondary analyses - to suggest new hypotheses for future study. 5. Documenting and present






25. A common goal for a statistical research project is to investigate causality - and in particular to draw a conclusion on the effect of changes in the values of predictors or independent variables on dependent variables or response.






26. Two variables such that their effects on the response variable cannot be distinguished from each other.






27. Is a parameter that indexes a family of probability distributions.






28. Given two jointly distributed random variables X and Y - the conditional probability distribution of Y given X (written 'Y | X') is the probability distribution of Y when X is known to be a particular value.






29. Are usually written in upper case roman letters: X - Y - etc.






30. A measure that is relevant or appropriate as a representation of that property.






31. Are simply two different terms for the same thing. Add the given values






32. Describes a characteristic of an individual to be measured or observed.






33. In particular - the pdf of the standard normal distribution is denoted by






34. Planning the research - including finding the number of replicates of the study - using the following information: preliminary estimates regarding the size of treatment effects - alternative hypotheses - and the estimated experimental variability. Co






35. Many statistical methods seek to minimize the mean-squared error - and these are called






36. Is the length of the smallest interval which contains all the data.






37. Is a function of the known data that is used to estimate an unknown parameter; an estimate is the result from the actual application of the function to a particular set of data. The mean can be used as an estimator.






38. Consists of a number of independent trials repeated under identical conditions. On each trial - there are two possible outcomes.






39. A sample selected in such a way that each individual is equally likely to be selected as well as any group of size n is equally likely to be selected.






40. Are written in corresponding lower case letters. For example x1 - x2 - ... - xn could be a sample corresponding to the random variable X.






41. Is used to describe probability in a continuous probability distribution. For example - you can't say that the probability of a man being six feet tall is 20% - but you can say he has 20% of chances of being between five and six feet tall. Probabilit






42. Is that part of a population which is actually observed.






43. In number theory - scatter plots of data generated by a distribution function may be transformed with familiar tools used in statistics to reveal underlying patterns - which may then lead to






44. Of a group of numbers is the center point of all those number values.






45. Used to reduce bias - this measure weights the more relevant information higher than less relevant info.






46. (pdfs) and probability mass functions are denoted by lower case letters - e.g. f(x).






47. Samples are drawn from two different populations such that the sample data drawn from one population is completely unrelated to the selection of sample data from the other population.






48. Is a sample space over which a probability measure has been defined.






49. Some commonly used symbols for sample statistics






50. The proportion of the explained variation by a linear regression model in the total variation.