Test your basic knowledge |

CLEP General Mathematics: Probability And Statistics

Subjects : clep, math
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Samples are drawn from two different populations such that the sample data drawn from one population is completely unrelated to the selection of sample data from the other population.






2. A variable describes an individual by placing the individual into a category or a group.






3. Can be a population parameter - a distribution parameter - an unobserved parameter (with different shades of meaning). In statistics - this is often a quantity to be estimated.

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


4. Of a group of numbers is the center point of all those number values.






5. The probability of the observed value or something more extreme under the assumption that the null hypothesis is true.






6. To find the average - or arithmetic mean - of a set of numbers:






7. (pdfs) and probability mass functions are denoted by lower case letters - e.g. f(x).






8. Statistics involve methods of using information from a sample to draw conclusions regarding the population.






9. Have no meaningful rank order among values.






10. Is a function that gives the probability of all elements in a given space: see List of probability distributions






11. A measure that is relevant or appropriate as a representation of that property.






12. A scale that represents an ordinal scale such as looks on a scale from 1 to 10.






13. E[X] :






14. Can be - for example - the possible outcomes of a dice roll (but it is not assigned a value). The distribution function of a random variable gives the probability of different results. We can also derive the mean and variance of a random variable.






15. Planning the research - including finding the number of replicates of the study - using the following information: preliminary estimates regarding the size of treatment effects - alternative hypotheses - and the estimated experimental variability. Co






16. A subjective estimate of probability.






17. Where the null hypothesis is falsely rejected giving a 'false positive'.






18. Because variables conforming only to nominal or ordinal measurements cannot be reasonably measured numerically - sometimes they are grouped together as






19. A collection of events is mutually independent if for any subset of the collection - the joint probability of all events occurring is equal to the product of the joint probabilities of the individual events. Think of the result of a series of coin-fl






20. Is the set of possible outcomes of an experiment. For example - the sample space for rolling a six-sided die will be {1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6}.






21. Cov[X - Y] :






22. Gives the probability distribution for a continuous random variable.






23. Error also refers to the extent to which individual observations in a sample differ from a central value - such as






24. (or just likelihood) is a conditional probability function considered a function of its second argument with its first argument held fixed. For example - imagine pulling a numbered ball with the number k from a bag of n balls - numbered 1 to n. Then






25. Design of experiments - using blocking to reduce the influence of confounding variables - and randomized assignment of treatments to subjects to allow unbiased estimates of treatment effects and experimental error. At this stage - the experimenters a






26. Is often denoted by placing a caret over the corresponding symbol - e.g. - pronounced 'theta hat'.






27. Have both a meaningful zero value and the distances between different measurements defined; they provide the greatest flexibility in statistical methods that can be used for analyzing the data






28. Many statistical methods seek to minimize the mean-squared error - and these are called






29. Given two jointly distributed random variables X and Y - the marginal distribution of X is simply the probability distribution of X ignoring information about Y.






30. Summarize the population data by describing what was observed in the sample numerically or graphically. Numerical descriptors include mean and standard deviation for continuous data types (like heights or weights) - while frequency and percentage are






31. Is a sample and the associated data points.






32. Describes the spread in the values of the sample statistic when many samples are taken.






33. Is data that can take only two values - usually represented by 0 and 1.






34. A numerical measure that describes an aspect of a sample.






35. The probability of correctly detecting a false null hypothesis.






36. Probability of accepting a false null hypothesis.






37. Can refer either to a sample not being representative of the population - or to the difference between the expected value of an estimator and the true value.






38. Two variables such that their effects on the response variable cannot be distinguished from each other.






39. The objects described by a set of data: person (animal) - place - and - thing. (SUBJECTS)






40. Is a function of the known data that is used to estimate an unknown parameter; an estimate is the result from the actual application of the function to a particular set of data. The mean can be used as an estimator.






41. Is a parameter that indexes a family of probability distributions.






42. Given two jointly distributed random variables X and Y - the conditional probability distribution of Y given X (written 'Y | X') is the probability distribution of Y when X is known to be a particular value.






43. A group of individuals sharing some common features that might affect the treatment.






44. The standard deviation of a sampling distribution.






45. A numerical measure that assesses the strength of a linear relationship between two variables.






46. A variable has a value or numerical measurement for which operations such as addition or averaging make sense.






47. Some commonly used symbols for population parameters






48. A sample selected in such a way that each individual is equally likely to be selected as well as any group of size n is equally likely to be selected.






49. Is the probability distribution - under repeated sampling of the population - of a given statistic.






50. Ratio and interval measurements which can be either discrete or continuous - due to their numerical nature are grouped together as