Test your basic knowledge |

CLEP General Mathematics: Probability And Statistics

Subjects : clep, math
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A subjective estimate of probability.






2. Have imprecise differences between consecutive values - but have a meaningful order to those values






3. Are simply two different terms for the same thing. Add the given values






4. Have no meaningful rank order among values.






5. A variable that has an important effect on the response variable and the relationship among the variables in a study but is not one of the explanatory variables studied either because it is unknown or not measured.






6. Many statistical methods seek to minimize the mean-squared error - and these are called






7. The collection of all possible outcomes in an experiment.






8. Are two related but separate academic disciplines. Statistical analysis often uses probability distributions - and the two topics are often studied together. However - probability theory contains much that is of mostly of mathematical interest and no






9. The proportion of the explained variation by a linear regression model in the total variation.






10. The probability of correctly detecting a false null hypothesis.






11. When info. in a contingency table is re-organized into more or less categories - relationships seen can change or reverse.

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


12. A data value that falls outside the overall pattern of the graph.






13. The standard deviation of a sampling distribution.






14.






15. Because variables conforming only to nominal or ordinal measurements cannot be reasonably measured numerically - sometimes they are grouped together as






16. A variable has a value or numerical measurement for which operations such as addition or averaging make sense.






17. Statistical methods can be used for summarizing or describing a collection of data; this is called






18. Is data arising from counting that can take only non-negative integer values.






19. Data are gathered and correlations between predictors and response are investigated.






20. Is a subset of the sample space - to which a probability can be assigned. For example - on rolling a die - 'getting a five or a six' is an event (with a probability of one third if the die is fair).






21. Error also refers to the extent to which individual observations in a sample differ from a central value - such as






22. Is a typed measurement - it can be a boolean value - a real number - a vector (in which case it's also called a data vector) - etc.






23. (e.g. ? - b) are commonly used to denote unknown parameters (population parameters).






24. A pairwise independent collection of random variables is a set of random variables any two of which are independent.






25. Is the length of the smallest interval which contains all the data.






26. To find the median value of a set of numbers: Arrange the numbers in numerical order. Locate the two middle numbers in the list. Find the average of those two middle values.






27. In particular - the pdf of the standard normal distribution is denoted by






28. Is the exact middle value of a set of numbers Arrange the numbers in numerical order. Find the value in the middle of the list.






29. Gives the probability distribution for a continuous random variable.






30. Is a measure of its statistical dispersion - indicating how far from the expected value its values typically are. The variance of random variable X is typically designated as - - or simply s2.






31. Is its expected value. The mean (or sample mean of a data set is just the average value.






32. Failing to reject a false null hypothesis.






33. Where the null hypothesis fails to be rejected and an actual difference between populations is missed giving a 'false negative'.






34. A group of individuals sharing some common features that might affect the treatment.






35. Is often denoted by placing a caret over the corresponding symbol - e.g. - pronounced 'theta hat'.






36. Is inference about a population from a random sample drawn from it or - more generally - about a random process from its observed behavior during a finite period of time.






37. Is the study of the collection - organization - analysis - and interpretation of data. It deals with all aspects of this - including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments.






38. Consists of a number of independent trials repeated under identical conditions. On each trial - there are two possible outcomes.






39. Given two random variables X and Y - the joint distribution of X and Y is the probability distribution of X and Y together.






40. Changes over time that show a regular periodicity in the data where regular means over a fixed interval; the time between repetitions is called the period.






41. Is the probability of two events occurring together. The joint probability of A and B is written P(A and B) or P(A - B).






42. To find the average - or arithmetic mean - of a set of numbers:






43. Probability of accepting a false null hypothesis.






44. Summarize the population data by describing what was observed in the sample numerically or graphically. Numerical descriptors include mean and standard deviation for continuous data types (like heights or weights) - while frequency and percentage are






45. Statistics involve methods of organizing - picturing - and summarizing information from samples or population.






46. Is the most commonly used measure of statistical dispersion. It is the square root of the variance - and is generally written s (sigma).






47. (also called statistical variability) is a measure of how diverse some data is. It can be expressed by the variance or the standard deviation.






48. When there is an even number of values...






49. Two events are independent if the outcome of one does not affect that of the other (for example - getting a 1 on one die roll does not affect the probability of getting a 1 on a second roll). Similarly - when we assert that two random variables are i






50. Are usually written with upper case calligraphic (e.g. F for the set of sets on which we define the probability P)