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CLEP General Mathematics: Probability And Statistics

Subjects : clep, math
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Is the length of the smallest interval which contains all the data.






2. A variable has a value or numerical measurement for which operations such as addition or averaging make sense.






3. Have no meaningful rank order among values.






4. A numerical measure that describes an aspect of a population.






5. Is a function that gives the probability of all elements in a given space: see List of probability distributions






6. Var[X] :






7. The standard deviation of a sampling distribution.






8. A variable describes an individual by placing the individual into a category or a group.






9. A subjective estimate of probability.






10. Rejecting a true null hypothesis.






11. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (a.k.a. - predictive statistics) together comprise






12. Have imprecise differences between consecutive values - but have a meaningful order to those values






13. A pairwise independent collection of random variables is a set of random variables any two of which are independent.






14. Used to reduce bias - this measure weights the more relevant information higher than less relevant info.






15. Some commonly used symbols for sample statistics






16. Is that part of a population which is actually observed.






17. Is the exact middle value of a set of numbers Arrange the numbers in numerical order. Find the value in the middle of the list.






18. (cdfs) are denoted by upper case letters - e.g. F(x).






19. Are simply two different terms for the same thing. Add the given values






20. ?r






21. Is the result of applying a statistical algorithm to a data set. It can also be described as an observable random variable.






22. Describes a characteristic of an individual to be measured or observed.






23. Data are gathered and correlations between predictors and response are investigated.






24.






25. Is the probability of two events occurring together. The joint probability of A and B is written P(A and B) or P(A - B).






26. Is a parameter that indexes a family of probability distributions.






27. Interpretation of statistical information in that the assumption is that whatever is proposed as a cause has no effect on the variable being measured can often involve the development of a






28. Changes over time that show a regular periodicity in the data where regular means over a fixed interval; the time between repetitions is called the period.






29. A collection of events is mutually independent if for any subset of the collection - the joint probability of all events occurring is equal to the product of the joint probabilities of the individual events. Think of the result of a series of coin-fl






30. Error also refers to the extent to which individual observations in a sample differ from a central value - such as






31. Is a measure of the asymmetry of the probability distribution of a real-valued random variable. Roughly speaking - a distribution has positive skew (right-skewed) if the higher tail is longer and negative skew (left-skewed) if the lower tail is longe






32. A scale that represents an ordinal scale such as looks on a scale from 1 to 10.






33. Long-term upward or downward movement over time.






34. Is a typed measurement - it can be a boolean value - a real number - a vector (in which case it's also called a data vector) - etc.






35. ?






36. To find the average - or arithmetic mean - of a set of numbers:






37. A numerical facsimilie or representation of a real-world phenomenon.






38. The probability distribution of a sample statistic based on all the possible simple random samples of the same size from a population.






39. Samples are drawn from two different populations such that the sample data drawn from one population is completely unrelated to the selection of sample data from the other population.






40. (or atomic event) is an event with only one element. For example - when pulling a card out of a deck - 'getting the jack of spades' is an elementary event - while 'getting a king or an ace' is not.






41. There are four main levels of measurement used in statistics: Each of these have different degrees of usefulness in statistical research.






42. To prove the guiding theory further - these predictions are tested as well - as part of the scientific method. If the inference holds true - then the descriptive statistics of the new data increase the soundness of that






43. A numerical measure that describes an aspect of a sample.






44. A measure that is relevant or appropriate as a representation of that property.






45. When info. in a contingency table is re-organized into more or less categories - relationships seen can change or reverse.

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46. A data value that falls outside the overall pattern of the graph.






47. Where the null hypothesis is falsely rejected giving a 'false positive'.






48. Ratio and interval measurements which can be either discrete or continuous - due to their numerical nature are grouped together as






49. Summarize the population data by describing what was observed in the sample numerically or graphically. Numerical descriptors include mean and standard deviation for continuous data types (like heights or weights) - while frequency and percentage are






50. Is a set of entities about which statistical inferences are to be drawn - often based on random sampling. One can also talk about a population of measurements or values.