Test your basic knowledge |

CLEP General Mathematics: Probability And Statistics

Subjects : clep, math
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A variable that has an important effect on the response variable and the relationship among the variables in a study but is not one of the explanatory variables studied either because it is unknown or not measured.






2. To find the median value of a set of numbers: Arrange the numbers in numerical order. Locate the two middle numbers in the list. Find the average of those two middle values.






3. Long-term upward or downward movement over time.






4. A collection of events is mutually independent if for any subset of the collection - the joint probability of all events occurring is equal to the product of the joint probabilities of the individual events. Think of the result of a series of coin-fl






5. A numerical facsimilie or representation of a real-world phenomenon.






6. Given two jointly distributed random variables X and Y - the marginal distribution of X is simply the probability distribution of X ignoring information about Y.






7. ?r






8. Is that part of a population which is actually observed.






9. Is a measure of the 'peakedness' of the probability distribution of a real-valued random variable. Higher kurtosis means more of the variance is due to infrequent extreme deviations - as opposed to frequent modestly sized deviations.






10. E[X] :






11. Have meaningful distances between measurements defined - but the zero value is arbitrary (as in the case with longitude and temperature measurements in Celsius or Fahrenheit)






12. Var[X] :






13. In particular - the pdf of the standard normal distribution is denoted by






14. Is the result of applying a statistical algorithm to a data set. It can also be described as an observable random variable.






15. Also called correlation coefficient - is a numeric measure of the strength of linear relationship between two random variables (one can use it to quantify - for example - how shoe size and height are correlated in the population). An example is the P






16. Have imprecise differences between consecutive values - but have a meaningful order to those values






17. Error also refers to the extent to which individual observations in a sample differ from a central value - such as






18. When there is an even number of values...






19. In the long run - as the sample size increases - the relative frequencies of outcomes approach to the theoretical probability.






20. A variable describes an individual by placing the individual into a category or a group.






21. Occurs when a subject receives no treatment - but (incorrectly) believes he or she is in fact receiving treatment and responds favorably.






22. (cdfs) are denoted by upper case letters - e.g. F(x).






23. Is a process of selecting observations to obtain knowledge about a population. There are many methods to choose on which sample to do the observations.






24. Can refer either to a sample not being representative of the population - or to the difference between the expected value of an estimator and the true value.






25. Is a sample and the associated data points.






26. A numerical measure that describes an aspect of a sample.






27. Summarize the population data by describing what was observed in the sample numerically or graphically. Numerical descriptors include mean and standard deviation for continuous data types (like heights or weights) - while frequency and percentage are






28. (also called statistical variability) is a measure of how diverse some data is. It can be expressed by the variance or the standard deviation.






29. Data are gathered and correlations between predictors and response are investigated.






30. Cov[X - Y] :






31. Is a set of entities about which statistical inferences are to be drawn - often based on random sampling. One can also talk about a population of measurements or values.






32. Gives the probability of events in a probability space.






33. A numerical measure that describes an aspect of a population.






34. A numerical measure that assesses the strength of a linear relationship between two variables.






35. Involves taking measurements of the system under study - manipulating the system - and then taking additional measurements using the same procedure to determine if the manipulation has modified the values of the measurements.






36. A measure that is relevant or appropriate as a representation of that property.






37. A list of individuals from which the sample is actually selected.






38. Is the probability distribution - under repeated sampling of the population - of a given statistic.






39. When info. in a contingency table is re-organized into more or less categories - relationships seen can change or reverse.

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


40. The probability of correctly detecting a false null hypothesis.






41. Have no meaningful rank order among values.






42. Is a typed measurement - it can be a boolean value - a real number - a vector (in which case it's also called a data vector) - etc.






43. Is its expected value. The mean (or sample mean of a data set is just the average value.






44. Ratio and interval measurements which can be either discrete or continuous - due to their numerical nature are grouped together as






45. There are two major types of causal statistical studies: In both types of studies - the effect of differences of an independent variable (or variables) on the behavior of the dependent variable are observed. The difference between the two types lies






46. There are four main levels of measurement used in statistics: Each of these have different degrees of usefulness in statistical research.






47. Given two jointly distributed random variables X and Y - the conditional probability distribution of Y given X (written 'Y | X') is the probability distribution of Y when X is known to be a particular value.






48. Are written in corresponding lower case letters. For example x1 - x2 - ... - xn could be a sample corresponding to the random variable X.






49. Are usually written in upper case roman letters: X - Y - etc.






50. Is a function of the known data that is used to estimate an unknown parameter; an estimate is the result from the actual application of the function to a particular set of data. The mean can be used as an estimator.