Test your basic knowledge |

CLEP General Mathematics: Probability And Statistics

Subjects : clep, math
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Changes over time that show a regular periodicity in the data where regular means over a fixed interval; the time between repetitions is called the period.






2. Samples are drawn from two different populations such that the sample data drawn from one population is completely unrelated to the selection of sample data from the other population.






3. Many statistical methods seek to minimize the mean-squared error - and these are called






4. Is defined as the expected value of random variable (X -






5. There are four main levels of measurement used in statistics: Each of these have different degrees of usefulness in statistical research.






6. Describes a characteristic of an individual to be measured or observed.






7. A common goal for a statistical research project is to investigate causality - and in particular to draw a conclusion on the effect of changes in the values of predictors or independent variables on dependent variables or response.






8. The proportion of the explained variation by a linear regression model in the total variation.






9. Error also refers to the extent to which individual observations in a sample differ from a central value - such as






10. Can be a population parameter - a distribution parameter - an unobserved parameter (with different shades of meaning). In statistics - this is often a quantity to be estimated.

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


11. To find the average - or arithmetic mean - of a set of numbers:






12. Is the probability of two events occurring together. The joint probability of A and B is written P(A and B) or P(A - B).






13. Is a sample space over which a probability measure has been defined.






14. Is the function that gives the probability distribution of a random variable. It cannot be negative - and its integral on the probability space is equal to 1.






15. Is a measure of the asymmetry of the probability distribution of a real-valued random variable. Roughly speaking - a distribution has positive skew (right-skewed) if the higher tail is longer and negative skew (left-skewed) if the lower tail is longe






16. A numerical facsimilie or representation of a real-world phenomenon.






17. Summarize the population data by describing what was observed in the sample numerically or graphically. Numerical descriptors include mean and standard deviation for continuous data types (like heights or weights) - while frequency and percentage are






18. In particular - the pdf of the standard normal distribution is denoted by






19. (or expectation) of a random variable is the sum of the probability of each possible outcome of the experiment multiplied by its payoff ('value'). Thus - it represents the average amount one 'expects' to win per bet if bets with identical odds are re






20. ?






21. Is used in 'mathematical statistics' (alternatively - 'statistical theory') to study the sampling distributions of sample statistics and - more generally - the properties of statistical procedures. The use of any statistical method is valid when the






22. Statistics involve methods of using information from a sample to draw conclusions regarding the population.






23. Is the probability distribution - under repeated sampling of the population - of a given statistic.






24. (also called statistical variability) is a measure of how diverse some data is. It can be expressed by the variance or the standard deviation.






25. Have meaningful distances between measurements defined - but the zero value is arbitrary (as in the case with longitude and temperature measurements in Celsius or Fahrenheit)






26. (e.g. ? - b) are commonly used to denote unknown parameters (population parameters).






27. (pdfs) and probability mass functions are denoted by lower case letters - e.g. f(x).






28. A list of individuals from which the sample is actually selected.






29. Samples are drawn from two different populations such that there is a matching of the first sample data drawn and a corresponding data value in the second sample data.






30. Occurs when a subject receives no treatment - but (incorrectly) believes he or she is in fact receiving treatment and responds favorably.






31. In Bayesian inference - this represents prior beliefs or other information that is available before new data or observations are taken into account.






32. A variable has a value or numerical measurement for which operations such as addition or averaging make sense.






33.






34. Two events are independent if the outcome of one does not affect that of the other (for example - getting a 1 on one die roll does not affect the probability of getting a 1 on a second roll). Similarly - when we assert that two random variables are i






35. Is the study of the collection - organization - analysis - and interpretation of data. It deals with all aspects of this - including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments.






36. Have no meaningful rank order among values.






37. Are usually written in upper case roman letters: X - Y - etc.






38. A variable describes an individual by placing the individual into a category or a group.






39. Probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis.






40. Where the null hypothesis is falsely rejected giving a 'false positive'.






41. The probability distribution of a sample statistic based on all the possible simple random samples of the same size from a population.






42. The collection of all possible outcomes in an experiment.






43. A collection of events is mutually independent if for any subset of the collection - the joint probability of all events occurring is equal to the product of the joint probabilities of the individual events. Think of the result of a series of coin-fl






44. Ratio and interval measurements which can be either discrete or continuous - due to their numerical nature are grouped together as






45. (cdfs) are denoted by upper case letters - e.g. F(x).






46. Statistical methods can be used for summarizing or describing a collection of data; this is called






47. The objects described by a set of data: person (animal) - place - and - thing. (SUBJECTS)






48. Interpretation of statistical information in that the assumption is that whatever is proposed as a cause has no effect on the variable being measured can often involve the development of a






49. Some commonly used symbols for population parameters






50. Rejecting a true null hypothesis.