Test your basic knowledge |

CLEP General Mathematics: Probability And Statistics

Subjects : clep, math
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The probability distribution of a sample statistic based on all the possible simple random samples of the same size from a population.






2. Uses patterns in the sample data to draw inferences about the population represented - accounting for randomness. These inferences may take the form of: answering yes/no questions about the data (hypothesis testing) - estimating numerical characteris






3. Is the probability of an event - ignoring any information about other events. The marginal probability of A is written P(A). Contrast with conditional probability.






4. Are simply two different terms for the same thing. Add the given values






5. A subjective estimate of probability.






6. Rejecting a true null hypothesis.






7. Of a group of numbers is the center point of all those number values.






8. Involves taking measurements of the system under study - manipulating the system - and then taking additional measurements using the same procedure to determine if the manipulation has modified the values of the measurements.






9. Interpretation of statistical information in that the assumption is that whatever is proposed as a cause has no effect on the variable being measured can often involve the development of a






10. A consistent - repeated deviation of the sample statistic from the population parameter in the same direction when many samples are taken.






11. Gives the probability distribution for a continuous random variable.






12. In particular - the pdf of the standard normal distribution is denoted by






13. A data value that falls outside the overall pattern of the graph.






14. Design of experiments - using blocking to reduce the influence of confounding variables - and randomized assignment of treatments to subjects to allow unbiased estimates of treatment effects and experimental error. At this stage - the experimenters a






15. Is the most commonly used measure of statistical dispersion. It is the square root of the variance - and is generally written s (sigma).






16. (e.g. ? - b) are commonly used to denote unknown parameters (population parameters).






17. Is a sample and the associated data points.






18. A measure that is relevant or appropriate as a representation of that property.






19. Long-term upward or downward movement over time.






20. Summarize the population data by describing what was observed in the sample numerically or graphically. Numerical descriptors include mean and standard deviation for continuous data types (like heights or weights) - while frequency and percentage are






21. (or just likelihood) is a conditional probability function considered a function of its second argument with its first argument held fixed. For example - imagine pulling a numbered ball with the number k from a bag of n balls - numbered 1 to n. Then






22. Another name for elementary event.






23. (also called statistical variability) is a measure of how diverse some data is. It can be expressed by the variance or the standard deviation.






24. Is the probability distribution - under repeated sampling of the population - of a given statistic.






25. Is the probability of two events occurring together. The joint probability of A and B is written P(A and B) or P(A - B).






26. When there is an even number of values...






27. A numerical measure that describes an aspect of a population.






28. There are four main levels of measurement used in statistics: Each of these have different degrees of usefulness in statistical research.






29. Is that part of a population which is actually observed.






30. S^2






31. A measurement such that the random error is small






32. Are usually written with upper case calligraphic (e.g. F for the set of sets on which we define the probability P)






33. (cdfs) are denoted by upper case letters - e.g. F(x).






34. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (a.k.a. - predictive statistics) together comprise






35. Where the null hypothesis is falsely rejected giving a 'false positive'.






36. A pairwise independent collection of random variables is a set of random variables any two of which are independent.






37. Describes a characteristic of an individual to be measured or observed.






38. A numerical facsimilie or representation of a real-world phenomenon.






39. Used to reduce bias - this measure weights the more relevant information higher than less relevant info.






40. Failing to reject a false null hypothesis.






41. The errors - or difference between the estimated response y^i and the actual measured response yi - collectively






42. (or multivariate random variable) is a vector whose components are random variables on the same probability space.






43. Some commonly used symbols for population parameters






44. A collection of events is mutually independent if for any subset of the collection - the joint probability of all events occurring is equal to the product of the joint probabilities of the individual events. Think of the result of a series of coin-fl






45. The result of a Bayesian analysis that encapsulates the combination of prior beliefs or information with observed data






46. Is the study of the collection - organization - analysis - and interpretation of data. It deals with all aspects of this - including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments.






47. Have no meaningful rank order among values.






48. The objects described by a set of data: person (animal) - place - and - thing. (SUBJECTS)






49. Because variables conforming only to nominal or ordinal measurements cannot be reasonably measured numerically - sometimes they are grouped together as






50. Probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis.