Test your basic knowledge |

CLEP General Mathematics: Probability And Statistics

Subjects : clep, math
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Is a function that gives the probability of all elements in a given space: see List of probability distributions






2. A consistent - repeated deviation of the sample statistic from the population parameter in the same direction when many samples are taken.






3. The probability of the observed value or something more extreme under the assumption that the null hypothesis is true.






4. A subjective estimate of probability.






5. A numerical measure that describes an aspect of a sample.






6. Given two random variables X and Y - the joint distribution of X and Y is the probability distribution of X and Y together.






7. Samples are drawn from two different populations such that there is a matching of the first sample data drawn and a corresponding data value in the second sample data.






8. Is that part of a population which is actually observed.






9. (e.g. ? - b) are commonly used to denote unknown parameters (population parameters).






10. Is a typed measurement - it can be a boolean value - a real number - a vector (in which case it's also called a data vector) - etc.






11. Is the function that gives the probability distribution of a random variable. It cannot be negative - and its integral on the probability space is equal to 1.






12. A variable that has an important effect on the response variable and the relationship among the variables in a study but is not one of the explanatory variables studied either because it is unknown or not measured.






13. A numerical measure that describes an aspect of a population.






14. Planning the research - including finding the number of replicates of the study - using the following information: preliminary estimates regarding the size of treatment effects - alternative hypotheses - and the estimated experimental variability. Co






15. Is one that explores the correlation between smoking and lung cancer. This type of study typically uses a survey to collect observations about the area of interest and then performs statistical analysis. In this case - the researchers would collect o






16. Is denoted by - pronounced 'x bar'.






17. Two variables such that their effects on the response variable cannot be distinguished from each other.






18. Summarize the population data by describing what was observed in the sample numerically or graphically. Numerical descriptors include mean and standard deviation for continuous data types (like heights or weights) - while frequency and percentage are






19. In particular - the pdf of the standard normal distribution is denoted by






20. Is the probability of two events occurring together. The joint probability of A and B is written P(A and B) or P(A - B).






21. The proportion of the explained variation by a linear regression model in the total variation.






22. Is often denoted by placing a caret over the corresponding symbol - e.g. - pronounced 'theta hat'.






23. Have imprecise differences between consecutive values - but have a meaningful order to those values






24. Can refer either to a sample not being representative of the population - or to the difference between the expected value of an estimator and the true value.






25. Is its expected value. The mean (or sample mean of a data set is just the average value.






26. There are two major types of causal statistical studies: In both types of studies - the effect of differences of an independent variable (or variables) on the behavior of the dependent variable are observed. The difference between the two types lies






27. Consists of a number of independent trials repeated under identical conditions. On each trial - there are two possible outcomes.






28. (or atomic event) is an event with only one element. For example - when pulling a card out of a deck - 'getting the jack of spades' is an elementary event - while 'getting a king or an ace' is not.






29. Is the study of the collection - organization - analysis - and interpretation of data. It deals with all aspects of this - including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments.






30. Some commonly used symbols for population parameters






31. Long-term upward or downward movement over time.






32. Statistical methods can be used for summarizing or describing a collection of data; this is called






33. Is a sample space over which a probability measure has been defined.






34. Is a process of selecting observations to obtain knowledge about a population. There are many methods to choose on which sample to do the observations.






35. Is the probability of some event A - assuming event B. Conditional probability is written P(A|B) - and is read 'the probability of A - given B'






36. (cdfs) are denoted by upper case letters - e.g. F(x).






37. Probability of accepting a false null hypothesis.






38. Is the set of possible outcomes of an experiment. For example - the sample space for rolling a six-sided die will be {1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6}.






39. In number theory - scatter plots of data generated by a distribution function may be transformed with familiar tools used in statistics to reveal underlying patterns - which may then lead to






40. ?r






41. A pairwise independent collection of random variables is a set of random variables any two of which are independent.






42. Ratio and interval measurements which can be either discrete or continuous - due to their numerical nature are grouped together as






43. S^2






44. Is the probability distribution - under repeated sampling of the population - of a given statistic.






45. A scale that represents an ordinal scale such as looks on a scale from 1 to 10.






46. Statistics involve methods of using information from a sample to draw conclusions regarding the population.






47. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (a.k.a. - predictive statistics) together comprise






48. Is the length of the smallest interval which contains all the data.






49. Performing the experiment following the experimental protocol and analyzing the data following the experimental protocol. 4. Further examining the data set in secondary analyses - to suggest new hypotheses for future study. 5. Documenting and present






50. A collection of events is mutually independent if for any subset of the collection - the joint probability of all events occurring is equal to the product of the joint probabilities of the individual events. Think of the result of a series of coin-fl