Test your basic knowledge |

CLEP General Mathematics: Probability And Statistics

Subjects : clep, math
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A pairwise independent collection of random variables is a set of random variables any two of which are independent.






2. The probability of the observed value or something more extreme under the assumption that the null hypothesis is true.






3. Given two jointly distributed random variables X and Y - the marginal distribution of X is simply the probability distribution of X ignoring information about Y.






4. Is a function of the known data that is used to estimate an unknown parameter; an estimate is the result from the actual application of the function to a particular set of data. The mean can be used as an estimator.






5. A list of individuals from which the sample is actually selected.






6. Is the probability of two events occurring together. The joint probability of A and B is written P(A and B) or P(A - B).






7. (or just likelihood) is a conditional probability function considered a function of its second argument with its first argument held fixed. For example - imagine pulling a numbered ball with the number k from a bag of n balls - numbered 1 to n. Then






8. Can be - for example - the possible outcomes of a dice roll (but it is not assigned a value). The distribution function of a random variable gives the probability of different results. We can also derive the mean and variance of a random variable.






9. Is a measure of the asymmetry of the probability distribution of a real-valued random variable. Roughly speaking - a distribution has positive skew (right-skewed) if the higher tail is longer and negative skew (left-skewed) if the lower tail is longe






10. Probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis.






11. ?r






12. A variable that has an important effect on the response variable and the relationship among the variables in a study but is not one of the explanatory variables studied either because it is unknown or not measured.






13. Is data arising from counting that can take only non-negative integer values.






14. Ratio and interval measurements which can be either discrete or continuous - due to their numerical nature are grouped together as






15. (or atomic event) is an event with only one element. For example - when pulling a card out of a deck - 'getting the jack of spades' is an elementary event - while 'getting a king or an ace' is not.






16. When info. in a contingency table is re-organized into more or less categories - relationships seen can change or reverse.

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


17. Have no meaningful rank order among values.






18. To find the average - or arithmetic mean - of a set of numbers:






19. Of a group of numbers is the center point of all those number values.






20. Is that part of a population which is actually observed.






21. (or multivariate random variable) is a vector whose components are random variables on the same probability space.






22. Consists of a number of independent trials repeated under identical conditions. On each trial - there are two possible outcomes.






23. Is a sample and the associated data points.






24. Involves taking measurements of the system under study - manipulating the system - and then taking additional measurements using the same procedure to determine if the manipulation has modified the values of the measurements.






25. S^2






26. Is the exact middle value of a set of numbers Arrange the numbers in numerical order. Find the value in the middle of the list.






27. Is the study of the collection - organization - analysis - and interpretation of data. It deals with all aspects of this - including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments.






28.






29. A numerical measure that assesses the strength of a linear relationship between two variables.






30. A data value that falls outside the overall pattern of the graph.






31. Var[X] :






32. Is the set of possible outcomes of an experiment. For example - the sample space for rolling a six-sided die will be {1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6}.






33. The result of a Bayesian analysis that encapsulates the combination of prior beliefs or information with observed data






34. In the long run - as the sample size increases - the relative frequencies of outcomes approach to the theoretical probability.






35. Data are gathered and correlations between predictors and response are investigated.






36. Gives the probability distribution for a continuous random variable.






37. Are usually written with upper case calligraphic (e.g. F for the set of sets on which we define the probability P)






38. Changes over time that show a regular periodicity in the data where regular means over a fixed interval; the time between repetitions is called the period.






39. A group of individuals sharing some common features that might affect the treatment.






40. Is used in 'mathematical statistics' (alternatively - 'statistical theory') to study the sampling distributions of sample statistics and - more generally - the properties of statistical procedures. The use of any statistical method is valid when the






41. The collection of all possible outcomes in an experiment.






42. Is a measure of its statistical dispersion - indicating how far from the expected value its values typically are. The variance of random variable X is typically designated as - - or simply s2.






43. Have both a meaningful zero value and the distances between different measurements defined; they provide the greatest flexibility in statistical methods that can be used for analyzing the data






44. Failing to reject a false null hypothesis.






45. Is the most commonly used measure of statistical dispersion. It is the square root of the variance - and is generally written s (sigma).






46. Can be a population parameter - a distribution parameter - an unobserved parameter (with different shades of meaning). In statistics - this is often a quantity to be estimated.

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


47. Is the result of applying a statistical algorithm to a data set. It can also be described as an observable random variable.






48. (also called statistical variability) is a measure of how diverse some data is. It can be expressed by the variance or the standard deviation.






49. The probability distribution of a sample statistic based on all the possible simple random samples of the same size from a population.






50. ?