Test your basic knowledge |

CLEP General Mathematics: Probability And Statistics

Subjects : clep, math
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A group of individuals sharing some common features that might affect the treatment.






2. A list of individuals from which the sample is actually selected.






3. A sample selected in such a way that each individual is equally likely to be selected as well as any group of size n is equally likely to be selected.






4. The standard deviation of a sampling distribution.






5. To find the median value of a set of numbers: Arrange the numbers in numerical order. Locate the two middle numbers in the list. Find the average of those two middle values.






6. Is the exact middle value of a set of numbers Arrange the numbers in numerical order. Find the value in the middle of the list.






7. To find the average - or arithmetic mean - of a set of numbers:






8. Are simply two different terms for the same thing. Add the given values






9. Design of experiments - using blocking to reduce the influence of confounding variables - and randomized assignment of treatments to subjects to allow unbiased estimates of treatment effects and experimental error. At this stage - the experimenters a






10. Is its expected value. The mean (or sample mean of a data set is just the average value.






11. Summarize the population data by describing what was observed in the sample numerically or graphically. Numerical descriptors include mean and standard deviation for continuous data types (like heights or weights) - while frequency and percentage are






12. Are usually written in upper case roman letters: X - Y - etc.






13. Occurs when a subject receives no treatment - but (incorrectly) believes he or she is in fact receiving treatment and responds favorably.






14. Is the length of the smallest interval which contains all the data.






15. Data are gathered and correlations between predictors and response are investigated.






16. (also called statistical variability) is a measure of how diverse some data is. It can be expressed by the variance or the standard deviation.






17. Is often denoted by placing a caret over the corresponding symbol - e.g. - pronounced 'theta hat'.






18. S^2






19. The probability of the observed value or something more extreme under the assumption that the null hypothesis is true.






20. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (a.k.a. - predictive statistics) together comprise






21. Rejecting a true null hypothesis.






22. When info. in a contingency table is re-organized into more or less categories - relationships seen can change or reverse.

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


23. E[X] :






24. Used to reduce bias - this measure weights the more relevant information higher than less relevant info.






25. Samples are drawn from two different populations such that the sample data drawn from one population is completely unrelated to the selection of sample data from the other population.






26. Is used in 'mathematical statistics' (alternatively - 'statistical theory') to study the sampling distributions of sample statistics and - more generally - the properties of statistical procedures. The use of any statistical method is valid when the






27. In Bayesian inference - this represents prior beliefs or other information that is available before new data or observations are taken into account.






28. Given two jointly distributed random variables X and Y - the conditional probability distribution of Y given X (written 'Y | X') is the probability distribution of Y when X is known to be a particular value.






29. Ratio and interval measurements which can be either discrete or continuous - due to their numerical nature are grouped together as






30. Performing the experiment following the experimental protocol and analyzing the data following the experimental protocol. 4. Further examining the data set in secondary analyses - to suggest new hypotheses for future study. 5. Documenting and present






31. Probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis.






32. Are written in corresponding lower case letters. For example x1 - x2 - ... - xn could be a sample corresponding to the random variable X.






33. Is a function that gives the probability of all elements in a given space: see List of probability distributions






34. Can be a population parameter - a distribution parameter - an unobserved parameter (with different shades of meaning). In statistics - this is often a quantity to be estimated.

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


35. A data value that falls outside the overall pattern of the graph.






36. A collection of events is mutually independent if for any subset of the collection - the joint probability of all events occurring is equal to the product of the joint probabilities of the individual events. Think of the result of a series of coin-fl






37. Gives the probability of events in a probability space.






38. Have meaningful distances between measurements defined - but the zero value is arbitrary (as in the case with longitude and temperature measurements in Celsius or Fahrenheit)






39. Is a set of entities about which statistical inferences are to be drawn - often based on random sampling. One can also talk about a population of measurements or values.






40. A common goal for a statistical research project is to investigate causality - and in particular to draw a conclusion on the effect of changes in the values of predictors or independent variables on dependent variables or response.






41. Var[X] :






42. Many statistical methods seek to minimize the mean-squared error - and these are called






43. A numerical measure that assesses the strength of a linear relationship between two variables.






44. Is inference about a population from a random sample drawn from it or - more generally - about a random process from its observed behavior during a finite period of time.






45. Is a measure of the asymmetry of the probability distribution of a real-valued random variable. Roughly speaking - a distribution has positive skew (right-skewed) if the higher tail is longer and negative skew (left-skewed) if the lower tail is longe






46. Probability of accepting a false null hypothesis.






47. Involves taking measurements of the system under study - manipulating the system - and then taking additional measurements using the same procedure to determine if the manipulation has modified the values of the measurements.






48. Two variables such that their effects on the response variable cannot be distinguished from each other.






49.






50. The proportion of the explained variation by a linear regression model in the total variation.