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CLEP General Mathematics: Probability And Statistics

Subjects : clep, math
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ratio and interval measurements which can be either discrete or continuous - due to their numerical nature are grouped together as






2. Data are gathered and correlations between predictors and response are investigated.






3. When info. in a contingency table is re-organized into more or less categories - relationships seen can change or reverse.

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4. Is a parameter that indexes a family of probability distributions.






5. Samples are drawn from two different populations such that the sample data drawn from one population is completely unrelated to the selection of sample data from the other population.






6. Have no meaningful rank order among values.






7. Is data arising from counting that can take only non-negative integer values.






8. Is inference about a population from a random sample drawn from it or - more generally - about a random process from its observed behavior during a finite period of time.






9. Some commonly used symbols for sample statistics






10. Long-term upward or downward movement over time.






11. Is denoted by - pronounced 'x bar'.






12. Are simply two different terms for the same thing. Add the given values






13. Is a subset of the sample space - to which a probability can be assigned. For example - on rolling a die - 'getting a five or a six' is an event (with a probability of one third if the die is fair).






14. Failing to reject a false null hypothesis.






15. Any specific experimental condition applied to the subjects






16. Statistics involve methods of organizing - picturing - and summarizing information from samples or population.






17. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (a.k.a. - predictive statistics) together comprise






18. The result of a Bayesian analysis that encapsulates the combination of prior beliefs or information with observed data






19. Some commonly used symbols for population parameters






20. Another name for elementary event.






21. A subjective estimate of probability.






22. A data value that falls outside the overall pattern of the graph.






23. Is the exact middle value of a set of numbers Arrange the numbers in numerical order. Find the value in the middle of the list.






24. Is the probability distribution - under repeated sampling of the population - of a given statistic.






25. To find the median value of a set of numbers: Arrange the numbers in numerical order. Locate the two middle numbers in the list. Find the average of those two middle values.






26. A variable has a value or numerical measurement for which operations such as addition or averaging make sense.






27. The standard deviation of a sampling distribution.






28. Describes the spread in the values of the sample statistic when many samples are taken.






29. Var[X] :






30. When you have two or more competing models - choose the simpler of the two models.






31. A variable describes an individual by placing the individual into a category or a group.






32. Is the probability of an event - ignoring any information about other events. The marginal probability of A is written P(A). Contrast with conditional probability.






33. Can be a population parameter - a distribution parameter - an unobserved parameter (with different shades of meaning). In statistics - this is often a quantity to be estimated.

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34. There are four main levels of measurement used in statistics: Each of these have different degrees of usefulness in statistical research.






35. Cov[X - Y] :






36. A numerical measure that describes an aspect of a population.






37. Is its expected value. The mean (or sample mean of a data set is just the average value.






38. (pdfs) and probability mass functions are denoted by lower case letters - e.g. f(x).






39. Is a sample space over which a probability measure has been defined.






40. Used to reduce bias - this measure weights the more relevant information higher than less relevant info.






41. Can be - for example - the possible outcomes of a dice roll (but it is not assigned a value). The distribution function of a random variable gives the probability of different results. We can also derive the mean and variance of a random variable.






42. A numerical measure that describes an aspect of a sample.






43. A group of individuals sharing some common features that might affect the treatment.






44. A measurement such that the random error is small






45. Is a typed measurement - it can be a boolean value - a real number - a vector (in which case it's also called a data vector) - etc.






46. Rejecting a true null hypothesis.






47. Is the most commonly used measure of statistical dispersion. It is the square root of the variance - and is generally written s (sigma).






48. Statistics involve methods of using information from a sample to draw conclusions regarding the population.






49.






50. ?r