Test your basic knowledge |

CLEP General Mathematics: Probability And Statistics

Subjects : clep, math
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The standard deviation of a sampling distribution.






2. Another name for elementary event.






3. Samples are drawn from two different populations such that the sample data drawn from one population is completely unrelated to the selection of sample data from the other population.






4. To find the average - or arithmetic mean - of a set of numbers:






5. Is data arising from counting that can take only non-negative integer values.






6. A collection of events is mutually independent if for any subset of the collection - the joint probability of all events occurring is equal to the product of the joint probabilities of the individual events. Think of the result of a series of coin-fl






7. The proportion of the explained variation by a linear regression model in the total variation.






8. Have both a meaningful zero value and the distances between different measurements defined; they provide the greatest flexibility in statistical methods that can be used for analyzing the data






9. The objects described by a set of data: person (animal) - place - and - thing. (SUBJECTS)






10. A data value that falls outside the overall pattern of the graph.






11. Gives the probability of events in a probability space.






12. Is used to describe probability in a continuous probability distribution. For example - you can't say that the probability of a man being six feet tall is 20% - but you can say he has 20% of chances of being between five and six feet tall. Probabilit






13. Performing the experiment following the experimental protocol and analyzing the data following the experimental protocol. 4. Further examining the data set in secondary analyses - to suggest new hypotheses for future study. 5. Documenting and present






14. Are simply two different terms for the same thing. Add the given values






15. Have meaningful distances between measurements defined - but the zero value is arbitrary (as in the case with longitude and temperature measurements in Celsius or Fahrenheit)






16. Can be a population parameter - a distribution parameter - an unobserved parameter (with different shades of meaning). In statistics - this is often a quantity to be estimated.

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


17. Is the probability of some event A - assuming event B. Conditional probability is written P(A|B) - and is read 'the probability of A - given B'






18. Is a sample and the associated data points.






19. Is inference about a population from a random sample drawn from it or - more generally - about a random process from its observed behavior during a finite period of time.






20. Var[X] :






21. Statistics involve methods of organizing - picturing - and summarizing information from samples or population.






22. E[X] :






23. Is denoted by - pronounced 'x bar'.






24. Used to reduce bias - this measure weights the more relevant information higher than less relevant info.






25. (or just likelihood) is a conditional probability function considered a function of its second argument with its first argument held fixed. For example - imagine pulling a numbered ball with the number k from a bag of n balls - numbered 1 to n. Then






26. Where the null hypothesis fails to be rejected and an actual difference between populations is missed giving a 'false negative'.






27. Is the length of the smallest interval which contains all the data.






28. Is a measure of its statistical dispersion - indicating how far from the expected value its values typically are. The variance of random variable X is typically designated as - - or simply s2.






29. A sample selected in such a way that each individual is equally likely to be selected as well as any group of size n is equally likely to be selected.






30. The result of a Bayesian analysis that encapsulates the combination of prior beliefs or information with observed data






31. Failing to reject a false null hypothesis.






32. Is the function that gives the probability distribution of a random variable. It cannot be negative - and its integral on the probability space is equal to 1.






33. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (a.k.a. - predictive statistics) together comprise






34. S^2






35. A group of individuals sharing some common features that might affect the treatment.






36. Cov[X - Y] :






37. Ratio and interval measurements which can be either discrete or continuous - due to their numerical nature are grouped together as






38. Is defined as the expected value of random variable (X -






39. (also called statistical variability) is a measure of how diverse some data is. It can be expressed by the variance or the standard deviation.






40. Some commonly used symbols for population parameters






41. Error also refers to the extent to which individual observations in a sample differ from a central value - such as






42. (or expectation) of a random variable is the sum of the probability of each possible outcome of the experiment multiplied by its payoff ('value'). Thus - it represents the average amount one 'expects' to win per bet if bets with identical odds are re






43. Can be - for example - the possible outcomes of a dice roll (but it is not assigned a value). The distribution function of a random variable gives the probability of different results. We can also derive the mean and variance of a random variable.






44. Is the probability of two events occurring together. The joint probability of A and B is written P(A and B) or P(A - B).






45. Is a process of selecting observations to obtain knowledge about a population. There are many methods to choose on which sample to do the observations.






46. Are usually written with upper case calligraphic (e.g. F for the set of sets on which we define the probability P)






47. Have no meaningful rank order among values.






48. Is the most commonly used measure of statistical dispersion. It is the square root of the variance - and is generally written s (sigma).






49. Patterns in the data may be modeled in a way that accounts for randomness and uncertainty in the observations - and are then used for drawing inferences about the process or population being studied; this is called






50. Long-term upward or downward movement over time.