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CLEP Human Growth And Development

Subjects : clep, teaching
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Suggested children are born into world with empty minds - environment shapes them






2. Big 5 trait that increases for both sexes over their lifetimes






3. The fact that children can map a word onto an underlying concept after only a single exposure






4. A technique of prenatal diagnosis in which amniotic fluid - obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus - is analyzed to detect certain genetic and congenital defects in the fetus.






5. Play by infants and toddlers. activity that involves simple - repetitive movements and no symbolic thinking required. eg. sand shoveling - splashing water - pushing a toy






6. Piaget's notion of adapting one's current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information






7. In Piaget's theory these are flexible and reversible






8. We don't inherit a specific IQ; rather we have a range of academic potential






9. The set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes - words - and sentences in a given language; the study of meaning






10. Social cognitive theorist who proposed that learning takes place in social context: observing and imitating others. also believed people used self-efficacy to overcome fear/trauma.






11. First of Piaget's. lasts from birth to acquisition of language. cognitive devmt begins and children learn causality - object permanence towards end






12. In Bronfenbrenner's bioecological approach - settings not experienced directly by individuals still influence their development (for example - effects of events at a parent's workplace on children's development).






13. Introduced the concept of fast mapping. calculated that children between the ages of 1.5 and 6 learn an average of nine new words per day.






14. Sense that is least well-developed at birth






15. Occurs between 11 and 13 months






16. According to Piaget - we possess these to create abstract - generalized account of repeated events






17. Increased exposure to stimuli - enhanced encoding (storing) of information in long-term memory - and increased ease and efficiency in retrieving the stored information will improve this






18. Unresponsiveness to others - oc behaviors - anger outburst - social avoidance - regression in behavior/language (4x more prevalent in boys)






19. Child has smaller-than normal brain leading to other disabilities






20. From Lev Vygotsky's theory. the difference between what a child can do with help and what the child can do without any help or guidance.






21. Infant startle response to sudden - intense noise or movement. When startled the newborn arches its back - throws back its head - and flings out its arms and legs.






22. The average number of MORPHEMES






23. Inflicting harm in order to obtain something of value






24. Psychologist who researched the relationship of body contact and nourishment to attachment - using infant monkeys and artificial mothers






25. A technique of detecting fetal abnormalities that involves examination of placental tissue extracted from the chorion






26. Fourth of Piaget's. characterized by the ability to perform hypothetical reasoning and think abstractly.






27. Form of indirect aggression - prevalent in girls - involving spreading rumors - gossiping - and nonverbal putdowns for the purpose of social manipulation






28. Defined the theory of 3 levels of moral development. there are two stages within each level. to achieve advanced moral development - children must be exposed to both sides of moral dilemmas






29. Proposed the 5 stages of perspective taking: Egocentrism - Assume one perspective is right - Understands intention - Understands perspective of the larger social group






30. The need to connect with others - which is often intensified if a threat of danger is imminent and people need to come together to support each other






31. Third of Piaget's (7-11). children learn conservation and mathematical transformations.






32. When children are most sensitive to the effects of stimuli. different ages for different stimuli.






33. Hall and Gesel launched this approach in which measures of behavior are taken on large numbers of individuals and age-related averages are computed to represent typical development






34. A period of time in the development of identity in which a person delays making a decision about important issues but actively explores various alternatives






35. The principle that development proceeds from the center of the body outward






36. The understanding that a certain object or event can be simultaneously perceived by more than one sensory system






37. Freud's third aspect of our personality to develop - involved an overriding moral guidepost - transmitted to the child in great part through adult authority figures






38. Behavior that benefits someone else or society but that generally offers no obvious benefit to the person performing it; can be taught through positive reinforcement - observational learning - modeling - and assignment of responsibilities designed to






39. Occurs when grammatical rules are incorrectly generalized to irregular cases where they do not apply






40. When more categories are added to one's self-description






41. Term coined by animal psychologists Marian Breland Bailey and Keller Breland; tendency for animals to return to innate behaviors following repeated reinforcement






42. Joy - Anger - Fear - Surprise - Interest - Disgust - Distress - Sadness






43. The generation of adults who simultaneously try to meet the competing needs of their parents and their children






44. The appropriate use of language in different contexts






45. Psychologist to propose the Ecological Systems Theory - views child as developing within a complex system of relationships from microsystem to macrosystem






46. Oral - anal (1-3) - phallic (4-6) - latency (6-puberty) - genital






47. Psychologist who defined 3 styles of parenting: authoritarian - authoritative - permissive.






48. Loss of elasticity of the lens and thus loss of ability to see close objects as a result of the aging process






49. A theory of development that takes its cue in many ways from evolutionary theory - concentrating on traits that are inborn or dependent on 'critical periods' for their eventual emergence






50. 1896-1934; russian developmental psychologist who emphasized the role of the social environment on cognitive development and proposed the idea of zones of proximal development







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