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CLEP Human Growth And Development

Subjects : clep, teaching
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In Bronfenbrenner's bioecological approach - settings not experienced directly by individuals still influence their development (for example - effects of events at a parent's workplace on children's development).






2. A theory of development that takes its cue in many ways from evolutionary theory - concentrating on traits that are inborn or dependent on 'critical periods' for their eventual emergence






3. Fourth of Piaget's. characterized by the ability to perform hypothetical reasoning and think abstractly.






4. First of Piaget's. lasts from birth to acquisition of language. cognitive devmt begins and children learn causality - object permanence towards end






5. Occurs between 11 and 13 months






6. Second of Piaget's (age 2-7). begin to use words as mental symbols and to form mental images. still limited in their ability to use logic to solve problems. do not yet understand conservation.






7. Psychologist to propose the Ecological Systems Theory - views child as developing within a complex system of relationships from microsystem to macrosystem






8. When more categories are added to one's self-description






9. Form of indirect aggression - prevalent in girls - involving spreading rumors - gossiping - and nonverbal putdowns for the purpose of social manipulation






10. Autism usually becomes evident between ___ and ___ months






11. Behavior that benefits someone else or society but that generally offers no obvious benefit to the person performing it; can be taught through positive reinforcement - observational learning - modeling - and assignment of responsibilities designed to






12. Big 5 trait that increases for both sexes over their lifetimes






13. The need to connect with others - which is often intensified if a threat of danger is imminent and people need to come together to support each other






14. This action during pregnancy may be associated with poor academic performance by the child later on






15. In Piaget's theory these are flexible and reversible






16. Infant startle response to sudden - intense noise or movement. When startled the newborn arches its back - throws back its head - and flings out its arms and legs.






17. Freud's third aspect of our personality to develop - involved an overriding moral guidepost - transmitted to the child in great part through adult authority figures






18. Third of Piaget's (7-11). children learn conservation and mathematical transformations.






19. Those with this disease are often normal weight






20. Increased exposure to stimuli - enhanced encoding (storing) of information in long-term memory - and increased ease and efficiency in retrieving the stored information will improve this






21. This system and organ are most susceptible to teratogens after conception






22. Suggested children are born into world with empty minds - environment shapes them






23. Oral - anal (1-3) - phallic (4-6) - latency (6-puberty) - genital






24. Suggested that children are born good - bad experiences lead to negative changes






25. An explicit understanding of how learning works and an awareness of yourself as a learner.






26. Vygotsky's idea that learners should be given only just enough help so that they can reach the next level






27. Stage of development when organism is most vulnerable to teratogens.






28. Term for practical intelligence






29. When children are most sensitive to the effects of stimuli. different ages for different stimuli.






30. Piaget's notion of adapting one's current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information






31. The set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes - words - and sentences in a given language; the study of meaning






32. Proposed the 5 stages of perspective taking: Egocentrism - Assume one perspective is right - Understands intention - Understands perspective of the larger social group






33. Hall and Gesel launched this approach in which measures of behavior are taken on large numbers of individuals and age-related averages are computed to represent typical development






34. According to Piaget - we possess these to create abstract - generalized account of repeated events






35. The basis for most human learning






36. The average number of MORPHEMES






37. From Lev Vygotsky's theory. the difference between what a child can do with help and what the child can do without any help or guidance.






38. Defined the theory of 3 levels of moral development. there are two stages within each level. to achieve advanced moral development - children must be exposed to both sides of moral dilemmas






39. Social cognitive theorist who proposed that learning takes place in social context: observing and imitating others. also believed people used self-efficacy to overcome fear/trauma.






40. The principle that development proceeds from the center of the body outward






41. Joy - Anger - Fear - Surprise - Interest - Disgust - Distress - Sadness






42. Gifted children grow up to be more well-adjusted - more successful - healthier adults






43. Play by infants and toddlers. activity that involves simple - repetitive movements and no symbolic thinking required. eg. sand shoveling - splashing water - pushing a toy






44. Harvard researcher that has identified at least eight types of intelligences: linguistic - logical/mathematical - bodily/kinesthetic - musical - spatial (visual) - interpersonal (the ability to understand others) - intrapersonal (the ability to under






45. Occurs when grammatical rules are incorrectly generalized to irregular cases where they do not apply






46. A technique of prenatal diagnosis in which amniotic fluid - obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus - is analyzed to detect certain genetic and congenital defects in the fetus.






47. Child has smaller-than normal brain leading to other disabilities






48. The understanding that a certain object or event can be simultaneously perceived by more than one sensory system






49. Introduced the concept of fast mapping. calculated that children between the ages of 1.5 and 6 learn an average of nine new words per day.






50. Unresponsiveness to others - oc behaviors - anger outburst - social avoidance - regression in behavior/language (4x more prevalent in boys)







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