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CLEP Human Growth And Development

Subjects : clep, teaching
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1896-1934; russian developmental psychologist who emphasized the role of the social environment on cognitive development and proposed the idea of zones of proximal development






2. This action during pregnancy may be associated with poor academic performance by the child later on






3. A theory of development that takes its cue in many ways from evolutionary theory - concentrating on traits that are inborn or dependent on 'critical periods' for their eventual emergence






4. An explicit understanding of how learning works and an awareness of yourself as a learner.






5. Unresponsiveness to others - oc behaviors - anger outburst - social avoidance - regression in behavior/language (4x more prevalent in boys)






6. Hall and Gesel launched this approach in which measures of behavior are taken on large numbers of individuals and age-related averages are computed to represent typical development






7. Occurs between 11 and 13 months






8. Inflicting harm in order to obtain something of value






9. Introduced the concept of fast mapping. calculated that children between the ages of 1.5 and 6 learn an average of nine new words per day.






10. Proposed the 5 stages of perspective taking: Egocentrism - Assume one perspective is right - Understands intention - Understands perspective of the larger social group






11. When children are most sensitive to the effects of stimuli. different ages for different stimuli.






12. Suggested that children are born good - bad experiences lead to negative changes






13. The basis for most human learning






14. Second of Piaget's (age 2-7). begin to use words as mental symbols and to form mental images. still limited in their ability to use logic to solve problems. do not yet understand conservation.






15. Psychologist to propose the Ecological Systems Theory - views child as developing within a complex system of relationships from microsystem to macrosystem






16. From Lev Vygotsky's theory. the difference between what a child can do with help and what the child can do without any help or guidance.






17. Psychologist who defined 3 styles of parenting: authoritarian - authoritative - permissive.






18. The generation of adults who simultaneously try to meet the competing needs of their parents and their children






19. Play by infants and toddlers. activity that involves simple - repetitive movements and no symbolic thinking required. eg. sand shoveling - splashing water - pushing a toy






20. Infant startle response to sudden - intense noise or movement. When startled the newborn arches its back - throws back its head - and flings out its arms and legs.






21. Freud's third aspect of our personality to develop - involved an overriding moral guidepost - transmitted to the child in great part through adult authority figures






22. Infant who appears withdrawn - depressed - and is losing all interest in the world is expressing symptoms of this






23. Term coined by animal psychologists Marian Breland Bailey and Keller Breland; tendency for animals to return to innate behaviors following repeated reinforcement






24. This system and organ are most susceptible to teratogens after conception






25. Ability to become increasingly more effective in solving problems as more problems are solved. term coined by Harry Harlow.






26. Characteristic of the thought of a preoperational child. children in this stage tend to project human qualities into inanimate objects






27. Piaget's notion of incorporating a novel idea or object into an existing schema or conception






28. Stage of development when organism is most vulnerable to teratogens.






29. The average number of MORPHEMES






30. A technique of detecting fetal abnormalities that involves examination of placental tissue extracted from the chorion






31. When infants display a decrease in interest toward an object






32. Those with this disease are often normal weight






33. Piaget's notion of adapting one's current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information






34. Third of Piaget's (7-11). children learn conservation and mathematical transformations.






35. Suggested children are born into world with empty minds - environment shapes them






36. Proposed that challenging children with complex words helps them to develop their language more rapidly.






37. Form of indirect aggression - prevalent in girls - involving spreading rumors - gossiping - and nonverbal putdowns for the purpose of social manipulation






38. Psychologist who researched the relationship of body contact and nourishment to attachment - using infant monkeys and artificial mothers






39. The need to connect with others - which is often intensified if a threat of danger is imminent and people need to come together to support each other






40. Loss of elasticity of the lens and thus loss of ability to see close objects as a result of the aging process






41. Vygotsky's idea that learners should be given only just enough help so that they can reach the next level






42. Term for practical intelligence






43. This causes more deaths in children than physical abuse






44. Sternberg's theory that intelligence consists of analytical intelligence - creative intelligence - and practical intelligence.






45. The appropriate use of language in different contexts






46. Child has smaller-than normal brain leading to other disabilities






47. According to Piaget - we possess these to create abstract - generalized account of repeated events






48. The fact that children can map a word onto an underlying concept after only a single exposure






49. We don't inherit a specific IQ; rather we have a range of academic potential






50. Defined the theory of 3 levels of moral development. there are two stages within each level. to achieve advanced moral development - children must be exposed to both sides of moral dilemmas







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