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CLEP Human Growth And Development

Subjects : clep, teaching
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In Bronfenbrenner's bioecological approach - settings not experienced directly by individuals still influence their development (for example - effects of events at a parent's workplace on children's development).






2. From Lev Vygotsky's theory. the difference between what a child can do with help and what the child can do without any help or guidance.






3. The average number of MORPHEMES






4. Increased exposure to stimuli - enhanced encoding (storing) of information in long-term memory - and increased ease and efficiency in retrieving the stored information will improve this






5. Third of Piaget's (7-11). children learn conservation and mathematical transformations.






6. Piaget's notion of adapting one's current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information






7. Harvard researcher that has identified at least eight types of intelligences: linguistic - logical/mathematical - bodily/kinesthetic - musical - spatial (visual) - interpersonal (the ability to understand others) - intrapersonal (the ability to under






8. The basis for most human learning






9. A period of time in the development of identity in which a person delays making a decision about important issues but actively explores various alternatives






10. We don't inherit a specific IQ; rather we have a range of academic potential






11. When infants display a decrease in interest toward an object






12. Play by infants and toddlers. activity that involves simple - repetitive movements and no symbolic thinking required. eg. sand shoveling - splashing water - pushing a toy






13. Joy - Anger - Fear - Surprise - Interest - Disgust - Distress - Sadness






14. Inflicting harm in order to obtain something of value






15. The need to connect with others - which is often intensified if a threat of danger is imminent and people need to come together to support each other






16. Second of Piaget's (age 2-7). begin to use words as mental symbols and to form mental images. still limited in their ability to use logic to solve problems. do not yet understand conservation.






17. Oral - anal (1-3) - phallic (4-6) - latency (6-puberty) - genital






18. A theory of development that takes its cue in many ways from evolutionary theory - concentrating on traits that are inborn or dependent on 'critical periods' for their eventual emergence






19. Introduced the concept of fast mapping. calculated that children between the ages of 1.5 and 6 learn an average of nine new words per day.






20. Those with this disease are often normal weight






21. This causes more deaths in children than physical abuse






22. Autism usually becomes evident between ___ and ___ months






23. Stage of development when organism is most vulnerable to teratogens.






24. Term coined by animal psychologists Marian Breland Bailey and Keller Breland; tendency for animals to return to innate behaviors following repeated reinforcement






25. Social cognitive theorist who proposed that learning takes place in social context: observing and imitating others. also believed people used self-efficacy to overcome fear/trauma.






26. In Piaget's theory these are flexible and reversible






27. Unresponsiveness to others - oc behaviors - anger outburst - social avoidance - regression in behavior/language (4x more prevalent in boys)






28. Hall and Gesel launched this approach in which measures of behavior are taken on large numbers of individuals and age-related averages are computed to represent typical development






29. When more categories are added to one's self-description






30. Suggested children are born into world with empty minds - environment shapes them






31. An explicit understanding of how learning works and an awareness of yourself as a learner.






32. Sense that is least well-developed at birth






33. A technique of detecting fetal abnormalities that involves examination of placental tissue extracted from the chorion






34. This system and organ are most susceptible to teratogens after conception






35. Piaget's notion of incorporating a novel idea or object into an existing schema or conception






36. Proposed the 5 stages of perspective taking: Egocentrism - Assume one perspective is right - Understands intention - Understands perspective of the larger social group






37. Behavior that benefits someone else or society but that generally offers no obvious benefit to the person performing it; can be taught through positive reinforcement - observational learning - modeling - and assignment of responsibilities designed to






38. Child has smaller-than normal brain leading to other disabilities






39. When children are most sensitive to the effects of stimuli. different ages for different stimuli.






40. Psychologist to propose the Ecological Systems Theory - views child as developing within a complex system of relationships from microsystem to macrosystem






41. Loss of elasticity of the lens and thus loss of ability to see close objects as a result of the aging process






42. Sternberg's theory that intelligence consists of analytical intelligence - creative intelligence - and practical intelligence.






43. The appropriate use of language in different contexts






44. First of Piaget's. lasts from birth to acquisition of language. cognitive devmt begins and children learn causality - object permanence towards end






45. Big 5 trait that increases for both sexes over their lifetimes






46. Infant startle response to sudden - intense noise or movement. When startled the newborn arches its back - throws back its head - and flings out its arms and legs.






47. Freud's third aspect of our personality to develop - involved an overriding moral guidepost - transmitted to the child in great part through adult authority figures






48. Father of attachment theory






49. Suggested that children are born good - bad experiences lead to negative changes






50. The fact that children can map a word onto an underlying concept after only a single exposure







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