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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Intro To Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Technique of field research - used in anthropology and sociology - by which an investigator (participant observer) studies the life of a group by sharing in its activities
participant observation
avoidance-avoidance conflict
Sternberg's triangular view
acetylcholine
2. Pioneer in observational learning (AKA social learning) - stated that people profit from the mistakes/successes of others; Studies: Bobo Dolls-adults demonstrated 'appropriate' play with dolls - children mimicked play
Albert Bandura
nonrepinephrine
interaction
John Locke
3. Simultaneous color contrast: an effect that occurs when surrounding an area with a color changes the appearence of the surrounded area. - the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green - yellow-blue - white-black) enable color vision. For exam
correlation
functionalism
opponent-process theory
CAT scan
4. An innately reinforcing stimulus - such as one that satisfies a biological need
humanistic
William James
primary reinforcer
Ivan Pavlov
5. 1896-1934; russian developmental psychologist who emphasized the role of the social environment on cognitive development and proposed the idea of zones of proximal development. GUIDED PARTICIPATION - Children's interaction with knowledgeable adults o
dependent variable
empirical evidence
neuroscientist
Lev Vygotsky
6. Goals framed in terms of increasing ones competence and skills
mastery goals
fovea
central nervous system
variable ratio
7. The science that deals with the origins - physical and cultural development - biological characteristics - and social customs and beliefs of humankind.
Lawrence Kohlberg
cortisol
anthropology
external validity
8. It adopts a holistic approach to human existence through investigations of meaning - values - freedom - tragedy - personal responsibility - human potential - spirituality - and self-actualization
psychodynamic
Humanism
humanistic
Anna Freud
9. A theory of personality that emphasizes free will and human agency in directing personal behavior. the doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason
Piaget's theory of child cognitive development 4 stages
Erik Erikson's
variable ratio
Humanism
10. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'
anonymity
Three phases of memory process
Stages of Moral Development
Erik Erikson
11. The lowest level of stimulation that a person can detect
participant observation
neuroscientist
neurotransmitter
absolute threshold
12. Adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster - stopping digestion - enlarging pupils - sending sugar into the bloodstream - preparing a blood clot faster
limbic system
humanistic
epinephrine
Stockholm syndrome
13. Neurotransmitter that influences voluntary movement - attention - alertness; lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson's disease; too much is linked with schizophrenia
dopamine
John Locke
neuroscientist
Gordon Allport
14. Level 1 (Pre-Conventional) 1. Obedience and punishment orientation (How can I avoid punishment?) 2. Self-interest orientation (What's in it for me? Paying for a benefit.) - Level 2 (Conventional) 3. Interpersonal accord and conformity (Social norms -
algorithm
Stages of Moral Development
cognitive
Three phases of memory process
15. Images are flashed to the left visual fields (therefore the right hemisphere) and individual cannot name object - but can locate it. Images are flashed to the right visual fields (therefore the left hemisphere) and individual can name object.
Repression
Jean Piaget
longitudinal study
split brain study
16. The state of being anonymous
displacement
anonymity
longitudinal study
Repression
17. A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction. - lack of production is linked to Alzheimer's
external validity
parietal lobe
Erik Erikson's
acetylcholine
18. The science or study of the origin - development - organization - and functioning of human society; the science of the fundamental laws of social relations - institutions - etc.
growth hormone
sociology
endorphins
Meyer Friedman
19. (1821-1894) Emphasized a mechanistic and deterministic approach - assuming human sense organs functioned like machines - Neural Impulse: studied reaction times for sensory nerves in humans - demonstrated that speed of conduction was not instantaneous
Hermann von Helmholtz
deduction
significant psychological research
hierarchy of needs
20. The part of declarative memory that stores general information such as names and facts.
Erik Erikson's
semantic memory
etiology
mastery goals
21. A systematic method of deriving conclusions that cannot be false when the premises are true - esp one amenable to formalization and study by the science of logic
deduction
biology
REM sleep
internal validity
22. Physiological needs drive an organism to act in either random or habitual ways
shizophrenia
drive reduction
criterion validity
introspection
23. Attachment theory -
John Bowlby
Repression
algorithm
anonymity
24. Focused on child psychoanalysis - fully developed defense mechanisms - emphasized importance of the ego and its constant struggle
Anna Freud
deduction
Erik Erikson's
information processing theory
25. The first person to study memory scientifically and systematically; used nonsense syllables and recorded how many times he had to study a list to remember it well
external validity
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Ivan Pavlov
psychoanalysis
26. Accepted Freud's basic ideas - but doubted sex was all-consuming and gave more credit to consciousness and childhood
independent variable
neofreudian
George Kelly
Erik Erikson's
27. The central focal point in the retina - around which the eye's cones cluster
functional MRI
fovea
Sigmund Freud
hierarchy of needs
28. Founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment; wrote first psychology textbook - The Principles of Psychology
Erik Erikson's
case study
altruism
William James
29. Rapid low-amplitude waves. less prevalent in adults
John Bowlby
REM sleep
opponent-process theory
sensory adaptation
30. Sensorimotor - birth to language - Preoperational - 2-7 - Concrete Operational - 7 - 11 - Formal Operational 11 - Adult Abstract Thoughts
31. Theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment
mastery goals
displacement
acetylcholine
reciprocal determinism
32. The extent to which data collected from a sample can be generalized to the entire population.
parietal lobe
Erik Erikson's
external validity
Sigmund Freud
33. Allows researchers to scan areas of the brain while a participant performs a physical or cognitive task
REM sleep
abreaction
ACTH
functional MRI
34. A psychologist who uses psychological concepts to make the workplace a more satisfying environment for employees and managers
absolute threshold
avoidance-avoidance conflict
industrial-organizational psychologist
limbic system
35. A schedule where reinforcement happens after a changing number of responses. Example gambling or sales
internal validity
variable ratio
neofreudian
babinksi reflex
36. A study of an individual unit - as a person - family - or social group - usually emphasizing developmental issues and relationships with the environment - especially in order to compare a larger group to the individual unit.
mastery goals
sociology
Erik Erikson's
case study
37. Behavioral approach - the attempt to relate overt (open to view or knowledge; not concealed or secret) responses to observable environmental stimuli (something that excites an organism or part to functional activity).
somatization
psychological science
opponent-process theory
functional MRI
38. A mutual or reciprocal relationship between two or more things
correlation
acetylcholine
performance goals
somatization
39. Austrian neurologist who originated psychoanalysis (1856-1939); Said that human behavior is irrational; behavior is the outcome of conflict between the id (irrational unconscious driven by sexual - aggressive - and pleasure-seeking desires) and ego (
case study
parietal lobe
Erik Erikson's
Sigmund Freud
40. Observation or examination of one's own mental and emotional state - mental processes - etc.; the act of looking within oneself.
neurotransmitter
introspection
psychodynamic
Erik Erikson's
41. A process by which repressed material - particularly a painful experience or conflict is brought back to consciousness - in this process the person not only recalls - but also relived the repressed material - which is accompained by the appropriate a
criterion validity
abreaction
corticosteriods
Erik Erikson
42. Created the 'hierarchy of needs -'--physiological needs - safety & security - love & belonging - self-esteem - self-actualization.
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Abraham Maslow
sympathetic nervous system
Humanism
43. A measure of how well the variables of one test (could be personality) measure the same things as the variables of a similar test.
B.F. Skinner
synaptic cleft
criterion validity
epinephrine
44. The appearance of things relative to one another as determined by their distance from the viewer
Erik Erikson's
Repression
linear perspective
Gordon Allport
45. Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; visual areas
occipital lobe
Hermann von Helmholtz
limbic system
internal validity
46. Helps the body process new information by adapting to old stimuli and making space for new ones
criterion validity
performance goals
algorithm
sensory adaptation
47. Stages of development - Stage 6 Love (in intimate relationships - work and family) - Intimacy vs. Isolation - Young adult / mid twenties till early forties. Who do I want to be with or date - what am I going to do with my life? Will I settle down?
48. Process in which cells become specialized in structure and function.
differentiation
argument by evidence
neofreudian
fixed ratio
49. Research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period
Ivan Pavlov
John Locke
longitudinal study
shizophrenia
50. Substance secreted by the anterior pituitary; controls size of an individual by promoting cell division - protein synthesis - and bone growth
psychoanalysis
growth hormone
dopamine
behavior