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CLEP Intro To Psychology

Subjects : clep, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Inferences are said to possess internal validity if a causal relation between two variables is properly demonstrated.






2. An innately reinforcing stimulus - such as one that satisfies a biological need






3. A methodical - logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem






4. The science of life or living matter in all its forms and phenomena - especially with reference to origin - growth - reproduction - structure - and behavior.






5. Substance secreted by the anterior pituitary; controls size of an individual by promoting cell division - protein synthesis - and bone growth






6. A schedule where reinforcement happens after a changing number of responses. Example gambling or sales






7. Stages of development - Stage 6 Love (in intimate relationships - work and family) - Intimacy vs. Isolation - Young adult / mid twenties till early forties. Who do I want to be with or date - what am I going to do with my life? Will I settle down?


8. A school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt - survive - and flourish.






9. The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied






10. Goals framed in terms of performing well in front of others - being judged favorably - and avoiding criticism






11. A negative condition is introduced to reduce a behavior.






12. The science that deals with the origins - physical and cultural development - biological characteristics - and social customs and beliefs of humankind.






13. A process by which repressed material - particularly a painful experience or conflict is brought back to consciousness - in this process the person not only recalls - but also relived the repressed material - which is accompained by the appropriate a






14. The appearance of things relative to one another as determined by their distance from the viewer






15. A therapist who deals with mental and emotional disorders






16. Any clinical approach to personality - as Freud's - that sees personality as the result of a dynamic interplay of conscious and unconscious factors.






17. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'






18. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






19. Goals framed in terms of increasing ones competence and skills






20. Created the Stages of Moral Development - relied for his studies on stories such as the Heinz dilemma - and was interested in how individuals would justify their actions if placed in similar moral dilemmas






21. Stages of development - Stage 1 Hope - Basic Trust vs. Mistrust - Infant stage / 0-1 year. Does the child believe its caregivers to be reliable?


22. Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition - which is assumed to be an active agent






23. How the memory processes information - long term memory - short term memory - sensory information






24. The 'little brain' attached to the rear of the brainstem; its functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance






25. Portion posterior to the frontal lobe - responsible for sensations such as pain - temperature - and touch






26. The cause of a disease






27. Technique of field research - used in anthropology and sociology - by which an investigator (participant observer) studies the life of a group by sharing in its activities






28. Observation or examination of one's own mental and emotional state - mental processes - etc.; the act of looking within oneself.






29. A 'SNAPSHOT' of a phenomenon such as cancer rate. a number of variables affect one another in a single point in time.






30. Adrenal glands secerets this to activate various organs that results in a phyiscal stress response






31. Mental categories that help our brains group objects that have common properties.






32. Stages of development - Stage 8 Wisdom - Ego Integrity vs. Despair - old age / from mid sixties. Some handle death well. Some can be bitter - unhappy - and/or dissatisfied with what they have accomplished or failed to accomplish within their lifetim


33. The first person to study memory scientifically and systematically; used nonsense syllables and recorded how many times he had to study a list to remember it well






34. Stages of development - Stage 7 Caring - Generativity vs. Stagnation - early forties till mid sixties / starts as the Mid-life crisis. Measure accomplishments/failures. Am I satisfied or not? The need to assist the younger generation. Stagnation is


35. (1821-1894) Emphasized a mechanistic and deterministic approach - assuming human sense organs functioned like machines - Neural Impulse: studied reaction times for sensory nerves in humans - demonstrated that speed of conduction was not instantaneous






36. Stages of development - Stage 5 Fidelity - Identity vs. Role Confusion - Adolescent / 12 years till mid twenties. Questioning of self. Who am I - how do I fit in? Where am I going in life? Erikson believes that if the parents allow the child to exp


37. The quality of unselfish concern for the welfare of others






38. Natural - opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure






39. Theory of child development included the Socratic method of questioning children by guiding them to reflect on their behavior. His emphasis on self-awareness and reflection has been adopted into school curricula and used to help students become criti






40. In psychoanalytic theory - the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts - feelings - and memories






41. Anti adrenaline - affects neurons involved in increased heart rate and the slowing of intestinal activity during stress - and neurons involved in learning - memory - dreaming - waking from sleep - and emotion. increase arousal and boost mood-scarce d






42. The state of being anonymous






43. Founded by Hermann Ebbinghaus. displays retention of information and forgetting over time. conclusions to this were that most forgetting happens right after learning something. this was modified to that forgetting doesn't occur that quickly if the su






44. Behavioral approach - the attempt to relate overt (open to view or knowledge; not concealed or secret) responses to observable environmental stimuli (something that excites an organism or part to functional activity).






45. Classical conditioning. trained a dog to respond to the sound of a bell by pairing it up with food.






46. Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions






47. 1896-1934; russian developmental psychologist who emphasized the role of the social environment on cognitive development and proposed the idea of zones of proximal development. GUIDED PARTICIPATION - Children's interaction with knowledgeable adults o






48. A study of an individual unit - as a person - family - or social group - usually emphasizing developmental issues and relationships with the environment - especially in order to compare a larger group to the individual unit.






49. Observing subjects in their natural environment with no attempts at intervention on the part of the researcher.






50. A psychologist who uses psychological concepts to make the workplace a more satisfying environment for employees and managers