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CLEP Intro To Psychology

Subjects : clep, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Process in which cells become specialized in structure and function.






2. Stages of development - Stage 1 Hope - Basic Trust vs. Mistrust - Infant stage / 0-1 year. Does the child believe its caregivers to be reliable?

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3. Mental categories that help our brains group objects that have common properties.






4. Substance secreted by the anterior pituitary; controls size of an individual by promoting cell division - protein synthesis - and bone growth






5. Research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period






6. Adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster - stopping digestion - enlarging pupils - sending sugar into the bloodstream - preparing a blood clot faster






7. Founded by Hermann Ebbinghaus. displays retention of information and forgetting over time. conclusions to this were that most forgetting happens right after learning something. this was modified to that forgetting doesn't occur that quickly if the su






8. A school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt - survive - and flourish.






9. Describes a schedule of reinforcement wherein a worker is paid for a certain sum for each product produced






10. Physiological needs drive an organism to act in either random or habitual ways






11. It adopts a holistic approach to human existence through investigations of meaning - values - freedom - tragedy - personal responsibility - human potential - spirituality - and self-actualization






12. Of or pertaining to the mental processes of perception - memory - judgment - and reasoning - as contrasted with emotional and volitional processes






13. The lowest level of stimulation that a person can detect






14. Stroke bottom of the foot up and across by the toes and the toes fan out






15. Neurotransmitter that influences voluntary movement - attention - alertness; lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson's disease; too much is linked with schizophrenia






16. It is a collection of research designs which use manipulation and controlled testing to understand causal processes. Generally - one or more variables are manipulated to determine their effect on a dependent variable






17. Simultaneous color contrast: an effect that occurs when surrounding an area with a color changes the appearence of the surrounded area. - the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green - yellow-blue - white-black) enable color vision. For exam






18. Created the 'hierarchy of needs -'--physiological needs - safety & security - love & belonging - self-esteem - self-actualization.






19. The portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord that perceives - gathers - interprets - and records incoming sensory information and also sends out communication destined for muscles - glands and internal organs s






20. Theory states that the acquisitiion of new knowledge and behaviors is central to human development. Was a pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. he is famous fo






21. A measure of how well the variables of one test (could be personality) measure the same things as the variables of a similar test.






22. 1896-1934; russian developmental psychologist who emphasized the role of the social environment on cognitive development and proposed the idea of zones of proximal development. GUIDED PARTICIPATION - Children's interaction with knowledgeable adults o






23. Technique of field research - used in anthropology and sociology - by which an investigator (participant observer) studies the life of a group by sharing in its activities






24. The appearance of things relative to one another as determined by their distance from the viewer






25. English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704)






26. Secreted from the adrenal cortex - aids the body during stress by increasing glucose levels






27. Stages of development - Stage 7 Caring - Generativity vs. Stagnation - early forties till mid sixties / starts as the Mid-life crisis. Measure accomplishments/failures. Am I satisfied or not? The need to assist the younger generation. Stagnation is

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28. An innately reinforcing stimulus - such as one that satisfies a biological need






29. The extent to which data collected from a sample can be generalized to the entire population.






30. Allows researchers to scan areas of the brain while a participant performs a physical or cognitive task






31. Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition - which is assumed to be an active agent






32. A study of an individual unit - as a person - family - or social group - usually emphasizing developmental issues and relationships with the environment - especially in order to compare a larger group to the individual unit.






33. Stages of development - Stage 3 Purpose - Initiative vs. Guilt - Preschool / 3-6 years - Can the child plan or do things on his own - such as dress him or herself. If 'guilty' about making his or her own choices - the child will not function well. E

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34. Conflict that results from having to choose between two distasteful alternatives






35. Any clinical approach to personality - as Freud's - that sees personality as the result of a dynamic interplay of conscious and unconscious factors.






36. Stages of development - Stage 2 Will - Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - Toddler stage / 1-3 years. Child needs to learn to explore the world. Bad if the parent is too smothering or completely neglectful.

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37. A schedule where reinforcement happens after a changing number of responses. Example gambling or sales






38. The science that deals with the origins - physical and cultural development - biological characteristics - and social customs and beliefs of humankind.






39. Reciprocal action - effect - or influence.






40. Austrian neurologist who originated psychoanalysis (1856-1939); Said that human behavior is irrational; behavior is the outcome of conflict between the id (irrational unconscious driven by sexual - aggressive - and pleasure-seeking desires) and ego (






41. Portion behind to the frontal lobe - responsible for sensations such as pain - temperature - and touch






42. Classical conditioning. trained a dog to respond to the sound of a bell by pairing it up with food.






43. Inferences are said to possess internal validity if a causal relation between two variables is properly demonstrated.






44. Founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment; wrote first psychology textbook - The Principles of Psychology






45. Focused on child psychoanalysis - fully developed defense mechanisms - emphasized importance of the ego and its constant struggle






46. The 'little brain' attached to the rear of the brainstem; its functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance






47. The light-sensitive inner surface of the eye - containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information






48. Any reinforcer that becomes reinforcing after being paired with a primary reinforcer - such as praise - tokens - or gold stars






49. Abbreviation for computerized axial tomography - uses a computer and a rotating x-ray device to create detailed - cross-sectional images - or slices - of organs and body parts






50. The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied