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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Intro To Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Stages of development - Stage 2 Will - Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - Toddler stage / 1-3 years. Child needs to learn to explore the world. Bad if the parent is too smothering or completely neglectful.
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2. Process in which cells become specialized in structure and function.
external validity
babinksi reflex
dependent variable
differentiation
3. An innately reinforcing stimulus - such as one that satisfies a biological need
primary reinforcer
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
secondary reinforcer
limbic system
4. Situation in which previously learned information hinders the recall of information learned more recently
John Bowlby
dopamine
proactive interference
cross-sectional study
5. Any reinforcer that becomes reinforcing after being paired with a primary reinforcer - such as praise - tokens - or gold stars
differentiation
Erik Erikson
carl jung
secondary reinforcer
6. Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition - which is assumed to be an active agent
functional MRI
Humanism
placebo effect
endorphins
7. (psychology) a stimulus that strengthens or weakens the behavior that produced it
Three phases of memory process
reinforcer
biology
internal validity
8. Observing subjects in their natural environment with no attempts at intervention on the part of the researcher.
Erik Erikson's
Hermann Ebbinghaus
naturalistic observation
sensory adaptation
9. Pioneer in observational learning (AKA social learning) - stated that people profit from the mistakes/successes of others; Studies: Bobo Dolls-adults demonstrated 'appropriate' play with dolls - children mimicked play
Stages of Moral Development
Albert Bandura
algorithm
Wilhelm Wundt
10. Founded by Hermann Ebbinghaus. displays retention of information and forgetting over time. conclusions to this were that most forgetting happens right after learning something. this was modified to that forgetting doesn't occur that quickly if the su
correlation
humanistic
displacement
forgetting curve
11. Describes a schedule of reinforcement wherein a worker is paid for a certain sum for each product produced
fixed ratio
nonrepinephrine
epinephrine
semantic memory
12. Theory states that the acquisitiion of new knowledge and behaviors is central to human development. Was a pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. he is famous fo
B.F. Skinner
Repression
case study
cognitive
13. Theory of child development included the Socratic method of questioning children by guiding them to reflect on their behavior. His emphasis on self-awareness and reflection has been adopted into school curricula and used to help students become criti
dopamine
frontal lobe
Jean Piaget
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
14. State whereby a victim forms an emotional attachment to their captors.
Stockholm syndrome
reinforcer
parietal lobe
REM sleep
15. A therapist who deals with mental and emotional disorders
functionalism
clinical psychologist
mastery goals
dependent variable
16. The extent to which data collected from a sample can be generalized to the entire population.
negative punishment
external validity
oxytocin
Erik Erikson
17. A study of an individual unit - as a person - family - or social group - usually emphasizing developmental issues and relationships with the environment - especially in order to compare a larger group to the individual unit.
case study
John Locke
Abraham Maslow
Erik Erikson's
18. The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body - mobilizing its energy in stressful situations. Also called a fight or flight response.
fovea
Sternberg's triangular view
sympathetic nervous system
primary reinforcer
19. The scientific study of how we think about - influence - and relate to one another
experimental research
social psychologist
somatic nervous system
Erik Erikson's
20. Any clinical approach to personality - as Freud's - that sees personality as the result of a dynamic interplay of conscious and unconscious factors.
Stockholm syndrome
dopamine
psychodynamic
argument by evidence
21. Technique of field research - used in anthropology and sociology - by which an investigator (participant observer) studies the life of a group by sharing in its activities
synaptic cleft
frontal lobe
Repression
participant observation
22. The part of declarative memory that stores general information such as names and facts.
naturalistic observation
semantic memory
neuroscientist
neurotransmitter
23. How the memory processes information - long term memory - short term memory - sensory information
Erik Erikson's
information processing theory
forgetting curve
drive reduction
24. Allows researchers to scan areas of the brain while a participant performs a physical or cognitive task
accomodation
psychological science
reinforcer
functional MRI
25. The adjustment of one's schemas to include newly observed events and experiences
Wilhelm Wundt
catecholamines
accomodation
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
26. Severe mental illness characterized by auditory hallucinations - paranoia and an inability to distinguish reality from fiction
displacement
shizophrenia
somatic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
27. Adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster - stopping digestion - enlarging pupils - sending sugar into the bloodstream - preparing a blood clot faster
Erik Erikson's
concept
epinephrine
central nervous system
28. Goals framed in terms of increasing ones competence and skills
independent variable
longitudinal study
mastery goals
Sigmund Freud
29. Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; visual areas
occipital lobe
shizophrenia
secondary reinforcer
forgetting curve
30. Substance secreted by the anterior pituitary; controls size of an individual by promoting cell division - protein synthesis - and bone growth
growth hormone
somatization
mastery goals
reciprocal determinism
31. The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied
ACTH
reciprocal determinism
biology
independent variable
32. Conflict that results from having to choose between two distasteful alternatives
avoidance-avoidance conflict
Piaget's theory of child cognitive development 4 stages
neuroscientist
altruism
33. (1821-1894) Emphasized a mechanistic and deterministic approach - assuming human sense organs functioned like machines - Neural Impulse: studied reaction times for sensory nerves in humans - demonstrated that speed of conduction was not instantaneous
dopamine
Erik Erikson
empirical evidence
Hermann von Helmholtz
34. Research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period
avoidance-avoidance conflict
experimental psychologist
sensory adaptation
longitudinal study
35. The state of being anonymous
anonymity
participant observation
experimental psychologist
psychodynamic
36. The central focal point in the retina - around which the eye's cones cluster
sensory adaptation
split brain study
proactive interference
fovea
37. Simultaneous color contrast: an effect that occurs when surrounding an area with a color changes the appearence of the surrounded area. - the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green - yellow-blue - white-black) enable color vision. For exam
participant observation
epinephrine
growth hormone
opponent-process theory
38. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'
Erik Erikson
retina
sociology
oxytocin
39. Study of the brain interested in the biological bases of human disorders such as Parkinson's and Huntington's. Neuroscience is a branch of research that is concerned with the underlying physical changes that accompany brain disorders
cross-sectional study
epinephrine
neuroscientist
Gordon Allport
40. The first person to study memory scientifically and systematically; used nonsense syllables and recorded how many times he had to study a list to remember it well
Hermann Ebbinghaus
case study
Erik Erikson's
Gordon Allport
41. A psychologist who uses psychological concepts to make the workplace a more satisfying environment for employees and managers
nonrepinephrine
industrial-organizational psychologist
babinksi reflex
algorithm
42. A doughnut-shaped system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions such as fear and aggression and drives such as those for food and sex. Includes the hippocampus - amygdala - and hypothala
primary reinforcer
limbic system
dependent variable
Stages of Moral Development
43. Accepted Freud's basic ideas - but doubted sex was all-consuming and gave more credit to consciousness and childhood
Sigmund Freud
neofreudian
Wilhelm Wundt
deduction
44. Founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment; wrote first psychology textbook - The Principles of Psychology
cognitive
William James
split brain study
reciprocal determinism
45. Classical conditioning. trained a dog to respond to the sound of a bell by pairing it up with food.
Repression
Erik Erikson's
Ivan Pavlov
parasympathetic nervous system
46. Stages of development - Stage 5 Fidelity - Identity vs. Role Confusion - Adolescent / 12 years till mid twenties. Questioning of self. Who am I - how do I fit in? Where am I going in life? Erikson believes that if the parents allow the child to exp
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47. Stages of development - Stage 4 Competence - Industry vs. Inferiority - School-age / 6-11. Child comparing self worth to others (such as in a classroom environment). Child can recognize major disparities in personal abilities relative to other chil
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48. Stages of development - Stage 7 Caring - Generativity vs. Stagnation - early forties till mid sixties / starts as the Mid-life crisis. Measure accomplishments/failures. Am I satisfied or not? The need to assist the younger generation. Stagnation is
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49. Created the 'hierarchy of needs -'--physiological needs - safety & security - love & belonging - self-esteem - self-actualization.
B.F. Skinner
acetylcholine
neuroscientist
Abraham Maslow
50. Secreted from the adrenal cortex - aids the body during stress by increasing glucose levels
performance goals
fovea
primary reinforcer
cortisol