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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Intro To Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (1821-1894) Emphasized a mechanistic and deterministic approach - assuming human sense organs functioned like machines - Neural Impulse: studied reaction times for sensory nerves in humans - demonstrated that speed of conduction was not instantaneous
algorithm
Hermann von Helmholtz
biology
information processing theory
2. Level 1 (Pre-Conventional) 1. Obedience and punishment orientation (How can I avoid punishment?) 2. Self-interest orientation (What's in it for me? Paying for a benefit.) - Level 2 (Conventional) 3. Interpersonal accord and conformity (Social norms -
Stages of Moral Development
correlation
neofreudian
Sternberg's triangular view
3. The light-sensitive inner surface of the eye - containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information
cerebellum
retina
experimental research
Ivan Pavlov
4. Maslow's pyramid of human needs - beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active - Maslow's Theory of Motivation which states that we must achiev
Anna Freud
primary reinforcer
hierarchy of needs
abreaction
5. The 'little brain' attached to the rear of the brainstem; its functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance
Stockholm syndrome
longitudinal study
William James
cerebellum
6. Of or pertaining to the mental processes of perception - memory - judgment - and reasoning - as contrasted with emotional and volitional processes
Wilhelm Wundt
experimental psychologist
cognitive
introspection
7. Austrian neurologist who originated psychoanalysis (1856-1939); Said that human behavior is irrational; behavior is the outcome of conflict between the id (irrational unconscious driven by sexual - aggressive - and pleasure-seeking desires) and ego (
cognitive
clinical psychologist
Albert Bandura
Sigmund Freud
8. It is a collection of research designs which use manipulation and controlled testing to understand causal processes. Generally - one or more variables are manipulated to determine their effect on a dependent variable
experimental research
Three phases of memory process
algorithm
social psychologist
9. Natural - opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure
John Bowlby
variable ratio
correlation
endorphins
10. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'
social psychologist
corticosteriods
psychoanalysis
Erik Erikson
11. Substance secreted by the anterior pituitary; controls size of an individual by promoting cell division - protein synthesis - and bone growth
opponent-process theory
growth hormone
oxytocin
hierarchy of needs
12. Created the Stages of Moral Development - relied for his studies on stories such as the Heinz dilemma - and was interested in how individuals would justify their actions if placed in similar moral dilemmas
placebo effect
Lawrence Kohlberg
Hermann von Helmholtz
acetylcholine
13. Rapid low-amplitude waves. less prevalent in adults
experimental research
Parietal lobe
REM sleep
Erik Erikson's
14. A hormone released by the pituitary gland of the brain during childbirth - breastfeeding - and intercourse - causing emotional bonding between persons in whom it is released
sensory adaptation
dopamine
synaptic cleft
oxytocin
15. Behavioral approach - the attempt to relate overt (open to view or knowledge; not concealed or secret) responses to observable environmental stimuli (something that excites an organism or part to functional activity).
John Locke
REM sleep
psychological science
carl jung
16. A theory of personality that emphasizes free will and human agency in directing personal behavior. the doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason
B.F. Skinner
Gordon Allport
avoidance-avoidance conflict
Humanism
17. Adrenocorticotropic hormone - produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex regulates the production of cortisol(steriod hormone) from anterior pituitary
clinical psychologist
CAT scan
hierarchy of needs
ACTH
18. An innately reinforcing stimulus - such as one that satisfies a biological need
functionalism
primary reinforcer
social psychologist
experimental psychologist
19. Helps the body process new information by adapting to old stimuli and making space for new ones
sensory adaptation
acetylcholine
displacement
performance goals
20. The scientific study of how we think about - influence - and relate to one another
external validity
social psychologist
participant observation
William James
21. ENCODE - STORE - RETRIEVE
George Kelly
criterion validity
Humanism
Three phases of memory process
22. Stages of development - Stage 4 Competence - Industry vs. Inferiority - School-age / 6-11. Child comparing self worth to others (such as in a classroom environment). Child can recognize major disparities in personal abilities relative to other chil
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23. The part of declarative memory that stores general information such as names and facts.
primary reinforcer
semantic memory
biology
Gordon Allport
24. Stroke bottom of the foot up and across by the toes and the toes fan out
babinksi reflex
argument by evidence
anthropology
displacement
25. The denial of any power or moral value superior to that of humanity; the rejection of religion in favour of a belief in the advancement of humanity by its own efforts
functional MRI
Anna Freud
Wilhelm Wundt
Humanism
26. Situation in which previously learned information hinders the recall of information learned more recently
split brain study
proactive interference
carl jung
shizophrenia
27. It adopts a holistic approach to human existence through investigations of meaning - values - freedom - tragedy - personal responsibility - human potential - spirituality - and self-actualization
nonrepinephrine
humanistic
catecholamines
case study
28. Technique of field research - used in anthropology and sociology - by which an investigator (participant observer) studies the life of a group by sharing in its activities
William James
participant observation
Stages of Moral Development
etiology
29. The quality of unselfish concern for the welfare of others
neuroscientist
secondary reinforcer
altruism
Erik Erikson's
30. One of the earliest psychologists in America who undertook a rigorous and structures approach to studying personality. He identified the idiographic and nomothetic views to personality.
Sternberg's triangular view
Gordon Allport
biology
Piaget's theory of child cognitive development 4 stages
31. Classical conditioning. trained a dog to respond to the sound of a bell by pairing it up with food.
biology
abreaction
cognitive
Ivan Pavlov
32. Three facets: intimacy - commitment - and passion.
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33. A school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt - survive - and flourish.
neofreudian
Erik Erikson's
functionalism
Hermann von Helmholtz
34. Observation or examination of one's own mental and emotional state - mental processes - etc.; the act of looking within oneself.
proactive interference
drive reduction
introspection
oxytocin
35. The science or study of the origin - development - organization - and functioning of human society; the science of the fundamental laws of social relations - institutions - etc.
Sigmund Freud
performance goals
sociology
primary reinforcer
36. Adrenal glands secerets this to activate various organs that results in a phyiscal stress response
participant observation
displacement
Stockholm syndrome
catecholamines
37. Inferences are said to possess internal validity if a causal relation between two variables is properly demonstrated.
Parietal lobe
linear perspective
growth hormone
internal validity
38. The adjustment of one's schemas to include newly observed events and experiences
Erik Erikson's
accomodation
linear perspective
nonrepinephrine
39. A mutual or reciprocal relationship between two or more things
growth hormone
correlation
naturalistic observation
Abraham Maslow
40. (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that transfers affect or reaction from the original object to some more acceptable one
displacement
neurotransmitter
George Kelly
external validity
41. Severe mental illness characterized by auditory hallucinations - paranoia and an inability to distinguish reality from fiction
shizophrenia
Humanism
cognitive
functionalism
42. A negative condition is introduced to reduce a behavior.
Erik Erikson's
Sternberg's triangular view
opponent-process theory
negative punishment
43. Any reinforcer that becomes reinforcing after being paired with a primary reinforcer - such as praise - tokens - or gold stars
Piaget's theory of child cognitive development 4 stages
linear perspective
William James
secondary reinforcer
44. The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied
neofreudian
Piaget's theory of child cognitive development 4 stages
independent variable
criterion validity
45. The central focal point in the retina - around which the eye's cones cluster
fovea
linear perspective
primary reinforcer
Stockholm syndrome
46. A 'SNAPSHOT' of a phenomenon such as cancer rate. a number of variables affect one another in a single point in time.
cross-sectional study
empirical evidence
cognitive
displacement
47. A process by which repressed material - particularly a painful experience or conflict is brought back to consciousness - in this process the person not only recalls - but also relived the repressed material - which is accompained by the appropriate a
Humanism
nonrepinephrine
experimental psychologist
abreaction
48. Any clinical approach to personality - as Freud's - that sees personality as the result of a dynamic interplay of conscious and unconscious factors.
carl jung
longitudinal study
significant psychological research
psychodynamic
49. Founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment; wrote first psychology textbook - The Principles of Psychology
ACTH
reciprocal determinism
Sternberg's triangular view
William James
50. Sensorimotor - birth to language - Preoperational - 2-7 - Concrete Operational - 7 - 11 - Formal Operational 11 - Adult Abstract Thoughts
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