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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Intro To Psychology
Start Test
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Subjects
:
clep
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Theory of child development included the Socratic method of questioning children by guiding them to reflect on their behavior. His emphasis on self-awareness and reflection has been adopted into school curricula and used to help students become criti
naturalistic observation
parietal lobe
Jean Piaget
Three phases of memory process
2. The appearance of things relative to one another as determined by their distance from the viewer
Lawrence Kohlberg
linear perspective
Hermann Ebbinghaus
growth hormone
3. Austrian neurologist who originated psychoanalysis (1856-1939); Said that human behavior is irrational; behavior is the outcome of conflict between the id (irrational unconscious driven by sexual - aggressive - and pleasure-seeking desires) and ego (
Sigmund Freud
variable ratio
anonymity
proactive interference
4. Observation or examination of one's own mental and emotional state - mental processes - etc.; the act of looking within oneself.
dopamine
external validity
empirical evidence
introspection
5. The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable
dependent variable
sociology
neuroscientist
Erik Erikson's
6. Personal Construct Psychology. investigative technique - which would remove the influence of the observer's frame of reference on what was observed. he believed (personal construct theory) our personality consists of our thoughts about ourselves - in
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
limbic system
George Kelly
variable ratio
7. The lowest level of stimulation that a person can detect
absolute threshold
cerebellum
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
sociology
8. An innately reinforcing stimulus - such as one that satisfies a biological need
industrial-organizational psychologist
Erik Erikson's
primary reinforcer
Repression
9. Created the 'hierarchy of needs -'--physiological needs - safety & security - love & belonging - self-esteem - self-actualization.
Erik Erikson's
Abraham Maslow
parietal lobe
variable ratio
10. Stages of development - Stage 2 Will - Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - Toddler stage / 1-3 years. Child needs to learn to explore the world. Bad if the parent is too smothering or completely neglectful.
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11. Abbreviation for computerized axial tomography - uses a computer and a rotating x-ray device to create detailed - cross-sectional images - or slices - of organs and body parts
William James
George Kelly
CAT scan
Parietal lobe
12. ENCODE - STORE - RETRIEVE
clinical psychologist
Three phases of memory process
algorithm
George Kelly
13. Stages of development - Stage 5 Fidelity - Identity vs. Role Confusion - Adolescent / 12 years till mid twenties. Questioning of self. Who am I - how do I fit in? Where am I going in life? Erikson believes that if the parents allow the child to exp
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14. A schedule where reinforcement happens after a changing number of responses. Example gambling or sales
variable ratio
cognitive
longitudinal study
epinephrine
15. Of or pertaining to the mental processes of perception - memory - judgment - and reasoning - as contrasted with emotional and volitional processes
psychoanalysis
cognitive
acetylcholine
independent variable
16. Level 1 (Pre-Conventional) 1. Obedience and punishment orientation (How can I avoid punishment?) 2. Self-interest orientation (What's in it for me? Paying for a benefit.) - Level 2 (Conventional) 3. Interpersonal accord and conformity (Social norms -
drive reduction
altruism
Stages of Moral Development
behavior
17. Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition - which is assumed to be an active agent
psychoanalysis
Anna Freud
placebo effect
neofreudian
18. The cause of a disease
John Locke
biology
etiology
somatic nervous system
19. A microscopic gap between the terminal button of one neuron and the cell membrane of another neuron
synaptic cleft
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Parietal lobe
sociology
20. Pioneer in observational learning (AKA social learning) - stated that people profit from the mistakes/successes of others; Studies: Bobo Dolls-adults demonstrated 'appropriate' play with dolls - children mimicked play
Parietal lobe
Albert Bandura
variable ratio
differentiation
21. Rapid low-amplitude waves. less prevalent in adults
Stages of Moral Development
REM sleep
reciprocal determinism
Erik Erikson's
22. Study of the brain interested in the biological bases of human disorders such as Parkinson's and Huntington's. Neuroscience is a branch of research that is concerned with the underlying physical changes that accompany brain disorders
retina
neuroscientist
interaction
Erik Erikson's
23. Portion behind to the frontal lobe - responsible for sensations such as pain - temperature - and touch
Parietal lobe
retina
sociology
cross-sectional study
24. Describes a schedule of reinforcement wherein a worker is paid for a certain sum for each product produced
abreaction
Piaget's theory of child cognitive development 4 stages
fixed ratio
independent variable
25. Focused on child psychoanalysis - fully developed defense mechanisms - emphasized importance of the ego and its constant struggle
Anna Freud
industrial-organizational psychologist
dopamine
synaptic cleft
26. A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction. - lack of production is linked to Alzheimer's
secondary reinforcer
occipital lobe
acetylcholine
Lawrence Kohlberg
27. Researcher who pioneered the development of type A (high achieving - multi-taskers who are always very stressed and in a hurry.) and type B (easy going relaxed and not always in a hurry.) personality types based on how well they respond to the multip
Meyer Friedman
cerebellum
primary reinforcer
Lev Vygotsky
28. Accepted Freud's basic ideas - but doubted sex was all-consuming and gave more credit to consciousness and childhood
CAT scan
drive reduction
parasympathetic nervous system
neofreudian
29. The adjustment of one's schemas to include newly observed events and experiences
accomodation
Erik Erikson's
concept
Erik Erikson's
30. Stages of development - Stage 8 Wisdom - Ego Integrity vs. Despair - old age / from mid sixties. Some handle death well. Some can be bitter - unhappy - and/or dissatisfied with what they have accomplished or failed to accomplish within their lifetim
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31. Stroke bottom of the foot up and across by the toes and the toes fan out
Sternberg's triangular view
neurotransmitter
babinksi reflex
psychological science
32. The extent to which data collected from a sample can be generalized to the entire population.
Humanism
external validity
dopamine
reinforcer
33. Helps the body process new information by adapting to old stimuli and making space for new ones
sensory adaptation
dopamine
Humanism
growth hormone
34. Theory states that the acquisitiion of new knowledge and behaviors is central to human development. Was a pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. he is famous fo
criterion validity
split brain study
frontal lobe
B.F. Skinner
35. Originating in or based on observation or experience
neurotransmitter
shizophrenia
empirical evidence
information processing theory
36. Adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster - stopping digestion - enlarging pupils - sending sugar into the bloodstream - preparing a blood clot faster
interaction
epinephrine
synaptic cleft
corticosteriods
37. A doughnut-shaped system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions such as fear and aggression and drives such as those for food and sex. Includes the hippocampus - amygdala - and hypothala
limbic system
William James
deduction
sociology
38. Observing subjects in their natural environment with no attempts at intervention on the part of the researcher.
experimental psychologist
Lawrence Kohlberg
John Bowlby
naturalistic observation
39. Stages of development - Stage 1 Hope - Basic Trust vs. Mistrust - Infant stage / 0-1 year. Does the child believe its caregivers to be reliable?
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40. A negative condition is introduced to reduce a behavior.
negative punishment
clinical psychologist
parasympathetic nervous system
REM sleep
41. Adrenocorticotropic hormone - produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex regulates the production of cortisol(steriod hormone) from anterior pituitary
negative punishment
carl jung
argument by evidence
ACTH
42. Substance secreted by the anterior pituitary; controls size of an individual by promoting cell division - protein synthesis - and bone growth
biology
REM sleep
growth hormone
catecholamines
43. Present evidence to support your claims
Stockholm syndrome
argument by evidence
frontal lobe
functionalism
44. A therapist who deals with mental and emotional disorders
growth hormone
clinical psychologist
Ivan Pavlov
proactive interference
45. The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body - conserving its energy.
variable ratio
Erik Erikson
Lawrence Kohlberg
parasympathetic nervous system
46. The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body - mobilizing its energy in stressful situations. Also called a fight or flight response.
Stages of Moral Development
negative punishment
sympathetic nervous system
catecholamines
47. The 'little brain' attached to the rear of the brainstem; its functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance
abreaction
anonymity
central nervous system
cerebellum
48. A 'SNAPSHOT' of a phenomenon such as cancer rate. a number of variables affect one another in a single point in time.
avoidance-avoidance conflict
Piaget's theory of child cognitive development 4 stages
biology
cross-sectional study
49. Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; visual areas
Repression
absolute threshold
occipital lobe
cortisol
50. Stages of development - Stage 7 Caring - Generativity vs. Stagnation - early forties till mid sixties / starts as the Mid-life crisis. Measure accomplishments/failures. Am I satisfied or not? The need to assist the younger generation. Stagnation is
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