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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Intro To Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A mutual or reciprocal relationship between two or more things
altruism
negative punishment
correlation
Ivan Pavlov
2. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'
abreaction
endorphins
empirical evidence
Erik Erikson
3. The study of the relationships among psychology - the nervous and endocrine systems - and the immune system.
semantic memory
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
introspection
participant observation
4. Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition - which is assumed to be an active agent
Ivan Pavlov
neuroscientist
external validity
placebo effect
5. Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions
psychoanalysis
sociology
humanistic
concept
6. Stages of development - Stage 1 Hope - Basic Trust vs. Mistrust - Infant stage / 0-1 year. Does the child believe its caregivers to be reliable?
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7. The part of declarative memory that stores general information such as names and facts.
semantic memory
babinksi reflex
Stockholm syndrome
differentiation
8. Part of the cerebral cortex; coordinates messages from other cerebral lobes; involved in complex problem-solving tasks - thinking - self-control - judgment - emotion regulation - personality affects - concentration - goal directed behavior; restructu
cross-sectional study
independent variable
frontal lobe
drive reduction
9. A psychologist who uses psychological concepts to make the workplace a more satisfying environment for employees and managers
reciprocal determinism
industrial-organizational psychologist
growth hormone
differentiation
10. Classical conditioning. trained a dog to respond to the sound of a bell by pairing it up with food.
anonymity
external validity
Abraham Maslow
Ivan Pavlov
11. Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; visual areas
algorithm
external validity
Erik Erikson's
occipital lobe
12. Founded by Hermann Ebbinghaus. displays retention of information and forgetting over time. conclusions to this were that most forgetting happens right after learning something. this was modified to that forgetting doesn't occur that quickly if the su
forgetting curve
Gordon Allport
etiology
behavior
13. The first person to study memory scientifically and systematically; used nonsense syllables and recorded how many times he had to study a list to remember it well
mastery goals
information processing theory
algorithm
Hermann Ebbinghaus
14. Sensorimotor - birth to language - Preoperational - 2-7 - Concrete Operational - 7 - 11 - Formal Operational 11 - Adult Abstract Thoughts
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15. A 'SNAPSHOT' of a phenomenon such as cancer rate. a number of variables affect one another in a single point in time.
cross-sectional study
proactive interference
Anna Freud
Erik Erikson
16. An innately reinforcing stimulus - such as one that satisfies a biological need
psychological science
shizophrenia
ACTH
primary reinforcer
17. The state of being anonymous
anonymity
John Bowlby
sociology
concept
18. A systematic method of deriving conclusions that cannot be false when the premises are true - esp one amenable to formalization and study by the science of logic
performance goals
Humanism
argument by evidence
deduction
19. The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body - mobilizing its energy in stressful situations. Also called a fight or flight response.
William James
sympathetic nervous system
neofreudian
B.F. Skinner
20. A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction. - lack of production is linked to Alzheimer's
epinephrine
shizophrenia
cerebellum
acetylcholine
21. Theory of child development included the Socratic method of questioning children by guiding them to reflect on their behavior. His emphasis on self-awareness and reflection has been adopted into school curricula and used to help students become criti
John Bowlby
Jean Piaget
psychodynamic
displacement
22. Natural - opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure
Meyer Friedman
industrial-organizational psychologist
Albert Bandura
endorphins
23. (1821-1894) Emphasized a mechanistic and deterministic approach - assuming human sense organs functioned like machines - Neural Impulse: studied reaction times for sensory nerves in humans - demonstrated that speed of conduction was not instantaneous
Hermann von Helmholtz
secondary reinforcer
babinksi reflex
functionalism
24. Any clinical approach to personality - as Freud's - that sees personality as the result of a dynamic interplay of conscious and unconscious factors.
hierarchy of needs
absolute threshold
psychodynamic
Erik Erikson's
25. Act on the immune system to suppress the body's response to infection or trauma. Relieve inflammation - reduce swelling - and suppress symptoms in acute conditions
central nervous system
corticosteriods
Three phases of memory process
industrial-organizational psychologist
26. Goals framed in terms of performing well in front of others - being judged favorably - and avoiding criticism
ACTH
Humanism
performance goals
nonrepinephrine
27. Stages of development - Stage 5 Fidelity - Identity vs. Role Confusion - Adolescent / 12 years till mid twenties. Questioning of self. Who am I - how do I fit in? Where am I going in life? Erikson believes that if the parents allow the child to exp
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28. A schedule where reinforcement happens after a changing number of responses. Example gambling or sales
Sternberg's triangular view
variable ratio
parietal lobe
babinksi reflex
29. Adrenal glands secerets this to activate various organs that results in a phyiscal stress response
cognitive
Ivan Pavlov
Albert Bandura
catecholamines
30. Substance secreted by the anterior pituitary; controls size of an individual by promoting cell division - protein synthesis - and bone growth
growth hormone
fovea
neofreudian
Erik Erikson's
31. Considered the Father of modern psychology; study of mental processes - introspection - and self-exam; established the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig - Germany
Wilhelm Wundt
limbic system
experimental research
John Bowlby
32. Simultaneous color contrast: an effect that occurs when surrounding an area with a color changes the appearence of the surrounded area. - the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green - yellow-blue - white-black) enable color vision. For exam
opponent-process theory
somatization
sensory adaptation
functional MRI
33. Adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster - stopping digestion - enlarging pupils - sending sugar into the bloodstream - preparing a blood clot faster
shizophrenia
altruism
linear perspective
epinephrine
34. 1896-1934; russian developmental psychologist who emphasized the role of the social environment on cognitive development and proposed the idea of zones of proximal development. GUIDED PARTICIPATION - Children's interaction with knowledgeable adults o
Lev Vygotsky
avoidance-avoidance conflict
social psychologist
cerebellum
35. The portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord that perceives - gathers - interprets - and records incoming sensory information and also sends out communication destined for muscles - glands and internal organs s
etiology
primary reinforcer
Erik Erikson's
central nervous system
36. It is a collection of research designs which use manipulation and controlled testing to understand causal processes. Generally - one or more variables are manipulated to determine their effect on a dependent variable
Humanism
placebo effect
argument by evidence
experimental research
37. A school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt - survive - and flourish.
performance goals
limbic system
functionalism
placebo effect
38. Stages of development - Stage 3 Purpose - Initiative vs. Guilt - Preschool / 3-6 years - Can the child plan or do things on his own - such as dress him or herself. If 'guilty' about making his or her own choices - the child will not function well. E
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39. Attachment theory -
deduction
significant psychological research
John Bowlby
oxytocin
40. Behavioral approach - the attempt to relate overt (open to view or knowledge; not concealed or secret) responses to observable environmental stimuli (something that excites an organism or part to functional activity).
split brain study
William James
fovea
psychological science
41. The cause of a disease
information processing theory
internal validity
displacement
etiology
42. The extent to which data collected from a sample can be generalized to the entire population.
frontal lobe
semantic memory
Piaget's theory of child cognitive development 4 stages
external validity
43. One of the earliest psychologists in America who undertook a rigorous and structures approach to studying personality. He identified the idiographic and nomothetic views to personality.
absolute threshold
algorithm
cognitive
Gordon Allport
44. Mental categories that help our brains group objects that have common properties.
REM sleep
Erik Erikson's
opponent-process theory
concept
45. A negative condition is introduced to reduce a behavior.
negative punishment
Erik Erikson's
Erik Erikson's
somatic nervous system
46. A psychologist who studies sensation - perception - learning - motivation - and emotion in carefully controlled laboratory conditions
Hermann von Helmholtz
etiology
proactive interference
experimental psychologist
47. State whereby a victim forms an emotional attachment to their captors.
somatization
dependent variable
parasympathetic nervous system
Stockholm syndrome
48. Of or pertaining to the mental processes of perception - memory - judgment - and reasoning - as contrasted with emotional and volitional processes
REM sleep
dopamine
behavior
cognitive
49. Maslow's pyramid of human needs - beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active - Maslow's Theory of Motivation which states that we must achiev
empirical evidence
ACTH
drive reduction
hierarchy of needs
50. Severe mental illness characterized by auditory hallucinations - paranoia and an inability to distinguish reality from fiction
shizophrenia
Lev Vygotsky
performance goals
corticosteriods