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CLEP Intro To Psychology

Subjects : clep, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The state of being anonymous






2. Any of several chemical substances - as epinephrine or acetylcholine - that transmit nerve impulses across a synapse to a postsynaptic element - as another nerve - muscle - or gland.






3. Severe mental illness characterized by auditory hallucinations - paranoia and an inability to distinguish reality from fiction






4. Describes a schedule of reinforcement wherein a worker is paid for a certain sum for each product produced






5. Natural - opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure






6. Observing subjects in their natural environment with no attempts at intervention on the part of the researcher.






7. The first person to study memory scientifically and systematically; used nonsense syllables and recorded how many times he had to study a list to remember it well






8. Pioneer in observational learning (AKA social learning) - stated that people profit from the mistakes/successes of others; Studies: Bobo Dolls-adults demonstrated 'appropriate' play with dolls - children mimicked play






9. Secreted from the adrenal cortex - aids the body during stress by increasing glucose levels






10. Goals framed in terms of performing well in front of others - being judged favorably - and avoiding criticism






11. Sensorimotor - birth to language - Preoperational - 2-7 - Concrete Operational - 7 - 11 - Formal Operational 11 - Adult Abstract Thoughts

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12. Theory states that the acquisitiion of new knowledge and behaviors is central to human development. Was a pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. he is famous fo






13. Process in which cells become specialized in structure and function.






14. The process through which the body absorbs social stress and manifests symptoms of suffering; also called embodiment






15. A 'SNAPSHOT' of a phenomenon such as cancer rate. a number of variables affect one another in a single point in time.






16. The extent to which data collected from a sample can be generalized to the entire population.






17. A therapist who deals with mental and emotional disorders






18. An innately reinforcing stimulus - such as one that satisfies a biological need






19. A psychologist who studies sensation - perception - learning - motivation - and emotion in carefully controlled laboratory conditions






20. Findings that provide a multilayered - comprehensive understanding of human behavior. Ex. study of stress and human response has to be done from a biological - social and cognitive perspective.






21. A microscopic gap between the terminal button of one neuron and the cell membrane of another neuron






22. Situation in which previously learned information hinders the recall of information learned more recently






23. Stages of development - Stage 4 Competence - Industry vs. Inferiority - School-age / 6-11. Child comparing self worth to others (such as in a classroom environment). Child can recognize major disparities in personal abilities relative to other chil

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24. Created the Stages of Moral Development - relied for his studies on stories such as the Heinz dilemma - and was interested in how individuals would justify their actions if placed in similar moral dilemmas






25. Stages of development - Stage 5 Fidelity - Identity vs. Role Confusion - Adolescent / 12 years till mid twenties. Questioning of self. Who am I - how do I fit in? Where am I going in life? Erikson believes that if the parents allow the child to exp

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26. Observation or examination of one's own mental and emotional state - mental processes - etc.; the act of looking within oneself.






27. Adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster - stopping digestion - enlarging pupils - sending sugar into the bloodstream - preparing a blood clot faster






28. Images are flashed to the left visual fields (therefore the right hemisphere) and individual cannot name object - but can locate it. Images are flashed to the right visual fields (therefore the left hemisphere) and individual can name object.






29. Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions






30. The scientific study of how we think about - influence - and relate to one another






31. Simultaneous color contrast: an effect that occurs when surrounding an area with a color changes the appearence of the surrounded area. - the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green - yellow-blue - white-black) enable color vision. For exam






32. One of the earliest psychologists in America who undertook a rigorous and structures approach to studying personality. He identified the idiographic and nomothetic views to personality.






33. The aggregate (sum or assemblage of many separate units; sum total) of responses to internal and external stimuli.






34. Founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment; wrote first psychology textbook - The Principles of Psychology






35. Stages of development - Stage 2 Will - Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - Toddler stage / 1-3 years. Child needs to learn to explore the world. Bad if the parent is too smothering or completely neglectful.

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36. Substance secreted by the anterior pituitary; controls size of an individual by promoting cell division - protein synthesis - and bone growth






37. A hormone released by the pituitary gland of the brain during childbirth - breastfeeding - and intercourse - causing emotional bonding between persons in whom it is released






38. The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body - mobilizing its energy in stressful situations. Also called a fight or flight response.






39. Focused on child psychoanalysis - fully developed defense mechanisms - emphasized importance of the ego and its constant struggle






40. A negative condition is introduced to reduce a behavior.






41. It adopts a holistic approach to human existence through investigations of meaning - values - freedom - tragedy - personal responsibility - human potential - spirituality - and self-actualization






42. A school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt - survive - and flourish.






43. Inferences are said to possess internal validity if a causal relation between two variables is properly demonstrated.






44. Helps the body process new information by adapting to old stimuli and making space for new ones






45. A process by which repressed material - particularly a painful experience or conflict is brought back to consciousness - in this process the person not only recalls - but also relived the repressed material - which is accompained by the appropriate a






46. Attachment theory -






47. It is a collection of research designs which use manipulation and controlled testing to understand causal processes. Generally - one or more variables are manipulated to determine their effect on a dependent variable






48. Research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period






49. A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction. - lack of production is linked to Alzheimer's






50. In psychoanalytic theory - the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts - feelings - and memories