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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Intro To Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Process in which cells become specialized in structure and function.
Hermann von Helmholtz
frontal lobe
correlation
differentiation
2. Stages of development - Stage 1 Hope - Basic Trust vs. Mistrust - Infant stage / 0-1 year. Does the child believe its caregivers to be reliable?
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3. Mental categories that help our brains group objects that have common properties.
concept
George Kelly
Meyer Friedman
ACTH
4. Substance secreted by the anterior pituitary; controls size of an individual by promoting cell division - protein synthesis - and bone growth
growth hormone
Three phases of memory process
cross-sectional study
frontal lobe
5. Research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period
behavior
longitudinal study
Erik Erikson's
etiology
6. Adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster - stopping digestion - enlarging pupils - sending sugar into the bloodstream - preparing a blood clot faster
epinephrine
frontal lobe
biology
Repression
7. Founded by Hermann Ebbinghaus. displays retention of information and forgetting over time. conclusions to this were that most forgetting happens right after learning something. this was modified to that forgetting doesn't occur that quickly if the su
forgetting curve
argument by evidence
Erik Erikson's
retina
8. A school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt - survive - and flourish.
functionalism
Lev Vygotsky
case study
CAT scan
9. Describes a schedule of reinforcement wherein a worker is paid for a certain sum for each product produced
psychological science
REM sleep
fixed ratio
significant psychological research
10. Physiological needs drive an organism to act in either random or habitual ways
clinical psychologist
catecholamines
drive reduction
accomodation
11. It adopts a holistic approach to human existence through investigations of meaning - values - freedom - tragedy - personal responsibility - human potential - spirituality - and self-actualization
information processing theory
experimental psychologist
humanistic
nonrepinephrine
12. Of or pertaining to the mental processes of perception - memory - judgment - and reasoning - as contrasted with emotional and volitional processes
correlation
psychoanalysis
negative punishment
cognitive
13. The lowest level of stimulation that a person can detect
absolute threshold
argument by evidence
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Lev Vygotsky
14. Stroke bottom of the foot up and across by the toes and the toes fan out
criterion validity
introspection
babinksi reflex
longitudinal study
15. Neurotransmitter that influences voluntary movement - attention - alertness; lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson's disease; too much is linked with schizophrenia
ACTH
sociology
dopamine
placebo effect
16. It is a collection of research designs which use manipulation and controlled testing to understand causal processes. Generally - one or more variables are manipulated to determine their effect on a dependent variable
differentiation
Erik Erikson's
experimental research
significant psychological research
17. Simultaneous color contrast: an effect that occurs when surrounding an area with a color changes the appearence of the surrounded area. - the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green - yellow-blue - white-black) enable color vision. For exam
opponent-process theory
anthropology
babinksi reflex
functionalism
18. Created the 'hierarchy of needs -'--physiological needs - safety & security - love & belonging - self-esteem - self-actualization.
synaptic cleft
Gordon Allport
Abraham Maslow
corticosteriods
19. The portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord that perceives - gathers - interprets - and records incoming sensory information and also sends out communication destined for muscles - glands and internal organs s
experimental psychologist
social psychologist
etiology
central nervous system
20. Theory states that the acquisitiion of new knowledge and behaviors is central to human development. Was a pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. he is famous fo
B.F. Skinner
information processing theory
REM sleep
Anna Freud
21. A measure of how well the variables of one test (could be personality) measure the same things as the variables of a similar test.
CAT scan
criterion validity
biology
accomodation
22. 1896-1934; russian developmental psychologist who emphasized the role of the social environment on cognitive development and proposed the idea of zones of proximal development. GUIDED PARTICIPATION - Children's interaction with knowledgeable adults o
sensory adaptation
Lev Vygotsky
oxytocin
functional MRI
23. Technique of field research - used in anthropology and sociology - by which an investigator (participant observer) studies the life of a group by sharing in its activities
absolute threshold
placebo effect
participant observation
interaction
24. The appearance of things relative to one another as determined by their distance from the viewer
linear perspective
Erik Erikson's
case study
frontal lobe
25. English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704)
carl jung
John Locke
neuroscientist
Erik Erikson
26. Secreted from the adrenal cortex - aids the body during stress by increasing glucose levels
absolute threshold
cortisol
longitudinal study
Gordon Allport
27. Stages of development - Stage 7 Caring - Generativity vs. Stagnation - early forties till mid sixties / starts as the Mid-life crisis. Measure accomplishments/failures. Am I satisfied or not? The need to assist the younger generation. Stagnation is
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28. An innately reinforcing stimulus - such as one that satisfies a biological need
deduction
Abraham Maslow
primary reinforcer
proactive interference
29. The extent to which data collected from a sample can be generalized to the entire population.
somatization
Lev Vygotsky
Ivan Pavlov
external validity
30. Allows researchers to scan areas of the brain while a participant performs a physical or cognitive task
participant observation
Lawrence Kohlberg
functional MRI
semantic memory
31. Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition - which is assumed to be an active agent
placebo effect
John Locke
functional MRI
synaptic cleft
32. A study of an individual unit - as a person - family - or social group - usually emphasizing developmental issues and relationships with the environment - especially in order to compare a larger group to the individual unit.
case study
CAT scan
altruism
Stockholm syndrome
33. Stages of development - Stage 3 Purpose - Initiative vs. Guilt - Preschool / 3-6 years - Can the child plan or do things on his own - such as dress him or herself. If 'guilty' about making his or her own choices - the child will not function well. E
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34. Conflict that results from having to choose between two distasteful alternatives
George Kelly
avoidance-avoidance conflict
endorphins
introspection
35. Any clinical approach to personality - as Freud's - that sees personality as the result of a dynamic interplay of conscious and unconscious factors.
Anna Freud
nonrepinephrine
variable ratio
psychodynamic
36. Stages of development - Stage 2 Will - Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - Toddler stage / 1-3 years. Child needs to learn to explore the world. Bad if the parent is too smothering or completely neglectful.
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37. A schedule where reinforcement happens after a changing number of responses. Example gambling or sales
industrial-organizational psychologist
variable ratio
social psychologist
anonymity
38. The science that deals with the origins - physical and cultural development - biological characteristics - and social customs and beliefs of humankind.
anthropology
B.F. Skinner
parietal lobe
Sigmund Freud
39. Reciprocal action - effect - or influence.
placebo effect
Stages of Moral Development
differentiation
interaction
40. Austrian neurologist who originated psychoanalysis (1856-1939); Said that human behavior is irrational; behavior is the outcome of conflict between the id (irrational unconscious driven by sexual - aggressive - and pleasure-seeking desires) and ego (
Sigmund Freud
internal validity
cortisol
longitudinal study
41. Portion behind to the frontal lobe - responsible for sensations such as pain - temperature - and touch
Stages of Moral Development
argument by evidence
Erik Erikson's
Parietal lobe
42. Classical conditioning. trained a dog to respond to the sound of a bell by pairing it up with food.
drive reduction
participant observation
Ivan Pavlov
etiology
43. Inferences are said to possess internal validity if a causal relation between two variables is properly demonstrated.
carl jung
Sternberg's triangular view
internal validity
information processing theory
44. Founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment; wrote first psychology textbook - The Principles of Psychology
Stages of Moral Development
William James
empirical evidence
significant psychological research
45. Focused on child psychoanalysis - fully developed defense mechanisms - emphasized importance of the ego and its constant struggle
George Kelly
avoidance-avoidance conflict
biology
Anna Freud
46. The 'little brain' attached to the rear of the brainstem; its functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance
Erik Erikson's
Jean Piaget
cerebellum
cognitive
47. The light-sensitive inner surface of the eye - containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information
William James
dopamine
performance goals
retina
48. Any reinforcer that becomes reinforcing after being paired with a primary reinforcer - such as praise - tokens - or gold stars
secondary reinforcer
Three phases of memory process
Parietal lobe
significant psychological research
49. Abbreviation for computerized axial tomography - uses a computer and a rotating x-ray device to create detailed - cross-sectional images - or slices - of organs and body parts
semantic memory
drive reduction
Lawrence Kohlberg
CAT scan
50. The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied
functional MRI
sympathetic nervous system
independent variable
altruism