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CLEP Intro To Psychology

Subjects : clep, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Stages of development - Stage 2 Will - Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - Toddler stage / 1-3 years. Child needs to learn to explore the world. Bad if the parent is too smothering or completely neglectful.

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2. Process in which cells become specialized in structure and function.






3. An innately reinforcing stimulus - such as one that satisfies a biological need






4. Situation in which previously learned information hinders the recall of information learned more recently






5. Any reinforcer that becomes reinforcing after being paired with a primary reinforcer - such as praise - tokens - or gold stars






6. Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition - which is assumed to be an active agent






7. (psychology) a stimulus that strengthens or weakens the behavior that produced it






8. Observing subjects in their natural environment with no attempts at intervention on the part of the researcher.






9. Pioneer in observational learning (AKA social learning) - stated that people profit from the mistakes/successes of others; Studies: Bobo Dolls-adults demonstrated 'appropriate' play with dolls - children mimicked play






10. Founded by Hermann Ebbinghaus. displays retention of information and forgetting over time. conclusions to this were that most forgetting happens right after learning something. this was modified to that forgetting doesn't occur that quickly if the su






11. Describes a schedule of reinforcement wherein a worker is paid for a certain sum for each product produced






12. Theory states that the acquisitiion of new knowledge and behaviors is central to human development. Was a pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. he is famous fo






13. Theory of child development included the Socratic method of questioning children by guiding them to reflect on their behavior. His emphasis on self-awareness and reflection has been adopted into school curricula and used to help students become criti






14. State whereby a victim forms an emotional attachment to their captors.






15. A therapist who deals with mental and emotional disorders






16. The extent to which data collected from a sample can be generalized to the entire population.






17. A study of an individual unit - as a person - family - or social group - usually emphasizing developmental issues and relationships with the environment - especially in order to compare a larger group to the individual unit.






18. The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body - mobilizing its energy in stressful situations. Also called a fight or flight response.






19. The scientific study of how we think about - influence - and relate to one another






20. Any clinical approach to personality - as Freud's - that sees personality as the result of a dynamic interplay of conscious and unconscious factors.






21. Technique of field research - used in anthropology and sociology - by which an investigator (participant observer) studies the life of a group by sharing in its activities






22. The part of declarative memory that stores general information such as names and facts.






23. How the memory processes information - long term memory - short term memory - sensory information






24. Allows researchers to scan areas of the brain while a participant performs a physical or cognitive task






25. The adjustment of one's schemas to include newly observed events and experiences






26. Severe mental illness characterized by auditory hallucinations - paranoia and an inability to distinguish reality from fiction






27. Adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster - stopping digestion - enlarging pupils - sending sugar into the bloodstream - preparing a blood clot faster






28. Goals framed in terms of increasing ones competence and skills






29. Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; visual areas






30. Substance secreted by the anterior pituitary; controls size of an individual by promoting cell division - protein synthesis - and bone growth






31. The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied






32. Conflict that results from having to choose between two distasteful alternatives






33. (1821-1894) Emphasized a mechanistic and deterministic approach - assuming human sense organs functioned like machines - Neural Impulse: studied reaction times for sensory nerves in humans - demonstrated that speed of conduction was not instantaneous






34. Research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period






35. The state of being anonymous






36. The central focal point in the retina - around which the eye's cones cluster






37. Simultaneous color contrast: an effect that occurs when surrounding an area with a color changes the appearence of the surrounded area. - the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green - yellow-blue - white-black) enable color vision. For exam






38. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'






39. Study of the brain interested in the biological bases of human disorders such as Parkinson's and Huntington's. Neuroscience is a branch of research that is concerned with the underlying physical changes that accompany brain disorders






40. The first person to study memory scientifically and systematically; used nonsense syllables and recorded how many times he had to study a list to remember it well






41. A psychologist who uses psychological concepts to make the workplace a more satisfying environment for employees and managers






42. A doughnut-shaped system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions such as fear and aggression and drives such as those for food and sex. Includes the hippocampus - amygdala - and hypothala






43. Accepted Freud's basic ideas - but doubted sex was all-consuming and gave more credit to consciousness and childhood






44. Founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment; wrote first psychology textbook - The Principles of Psychology






45. Classical conditioning. trained a dog to respond to the sound of a bell by pairing it up with food.






46. Stages of development - Stage 5 Fidelity - Identity vs. Role Confusion - Adolescent / 12 years till mid twenties. Questioning of self. Who am I - how do I fit in? Where am I going in life? Erikson believes that if the parents allow the child to exp

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47. Stages of development - Stage 4 Competence - Industry vs. Inferiority - School-age / 6-11. Child comparing self worth to others (such as in a classroom environment). Child can recognize major disparities in personal abilities relative to other chil

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48. Stages of development - Stage 7 Caring - Generativity vs. Stagnation - early forties till mid sixties / starts as the Mid-life crisis. Measure accomplishments/failures. Am I satisfied or not? The need to assist the younger generation. Stagnation is

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49. Created the 'hierarchy of needs -'--physiological needs - safety & security - love & belonging - self-esteem - self-actualization.






50. Secreted from the adrenal cortex - aids the body during stress by increasing glucose levels