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CLEP Intro To Psychology

Subjects : clep, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Any reinforcer that becomes reinforcing after being paired with a primary reinforcer - such as praise - tokens - or gold stars






2. Stages of development - Stage 4 Competence - Industry vs. Inferiority - School-age / 6-11. Child comparing self worth to others (such as in a classroom environment). Child can recognize major disparities in personal abilities relative to other chil

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3. (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that transfers affect or reaction from the original object to some more acceptable one






4. Conflict that results from having to choose between two distasteful alternatives






5. Observation or examination of one's own mental and emotional state - mental processes - etc.; the act of looking within oneself.






6. A negative condition is introduced to reduce a behavior.






7. Rapid low-amplitude waves. less prevalent in adults






8. Natural - opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure






9. Secreted from the adrenal cortex - aids the body during stress by increasing glucose levels






10. Created the Stages of Moral Development - relied for his studies on stories such as the Heinz dilemma - and was interested in how individuals would justify their actions if placed in similar moral dilemmas






11. Pioneer in observational learning (AKA social learning) - stated that people profit from the mistakes/successes of others; Studies: Bobo Dolls-adults demonstrated 'appropriate' play with dolls - children mimicked play






12. Three facets: intimacy - commitment - and passion.

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13. Founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment; wrote first psychology textbook - The Principles of Psychology






14. The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied






15. Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition - which is assumed to be an active agent






16. Behavioral approach - the attempt to relate overt (open to view or knowledge; not concealed or secret) responses to observable environmental stimuli (something that excites an organism or part to functional activity).






17. Findings that provide a multilayered - comprehensive understanding of human behavior. Ex. study of stress and human response has to be done from a biological - social and cognitive perspective.






18. Theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment






19. Stages of development - Stage 1 Hope - Basic Trust vs. Mistrust - Infant stage / 0-1 year. Does the child believe its caregivers to be reliable?

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20. Any of several chemical substances - as epinephrine or acetylcholine - that transmit nerve impulses across a synapse to a postsynaptic element - as another nerve - muscle - or gland.






21. Portion behind to the frontal lobe - responsible for sensations such as pain - temperature - and touch






22. Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; visual areas






23. Goals framed in terms of increasing ones competence and skills






24. Theory states that the acquisitiion of new knowledge and behaviors is central to human development. Was a pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. he is famous fo






25. A mutual or reciprocal relationship between two or more things






26. Severe mental illness characterized by auditory hallucinations - paranoia and an inability to distinguish reality from fiction






27. 1896-1934; russian developmental psychologist who emphasized the role of the social environment on cognitive development and proposed the idea of zones of proximal development. GUIDED PARTICIPATION - Children's interaction with knowledgeable adults o






28. The light-sensitive inner surface of the eye - containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information






29. A psychologist who uses psychological concepts to make the workplace a more satisfying environment for employees and managers






30. The scientific study of how we think about - influence - and relate to one another






31. Mental categories that help our brains group objects that have common properties.






32. The aggregate (sum or assemblage of many separate units; sum total) of responses to internal and external stimuli.






33. How the memory processes information - long term memory - short term memory - sensory information






34. Stages of development - Stage 2 Will - Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - Toddler stage / 1-3 years. Child needs to learn to explore the world. Bad if the parent is too smothering or completely neglectful.

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35. Research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period






36. Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions






37. A study of an individual unit - as a person - family - or social group - usually emphasizing developmental issues and relationships with the environment - especially in order to compare a larger group to the individual unit.






38. In psychoanalytic theory - the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts - feelings - and memories






39. Goals framed in terms of performing well in front of others - being judged favorably - and avoiding criticism






40. (1821-1894) Emphasized a mechanistic and deterministic approach - assuming human sense organs functioned like machines - Neural Impulse: studied reaction times for sensory nerves in humans - demonstrated that speed of conduction was not instantaneous






41. It adopts a holistic approach to human existence through investigations of meaning - values - freedom - tragedy - personal responsibility - human potential - spirituality - and self-actualization






42. The 'little brain' attached to the rear of the brainstem; its functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance






43. A measure of how well the variables of one test (could be personality) measure the same things as the variables of a similar test.






44. The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system






45. Any clinical approach to personality - as Freud's - that sees personality as the result of a dynamic interplay of conscious and unconscious factors.






46. Part of the cerebral cortex; coordinates messages from other cerebral lobes; involved in complex problem-solving tasks - thinking - self-control - judgment - emotion regulation - personality affects - concentration - goal directed behavior; restructu






47. Substance secreted by the anterior pituitary; controls size of an individual by promoting cell division - protein synthesis - and bone growth






48. Focused on child psychoanalysis - fully developed defense mechanisms - emphasized importance of the ego and its constant struggle






49. Images are flashed to the left visual fields (therefore the right hemisphere) and individual cannot name object - but can locate it. Images are flashed to the right visual fields (therefore the left hemisphere) and individual can name object.






50. A hormone released by the pituitary gland of the brain during childbirth - breastfeeding - and intercourse - causing emotional bonding between persons in whom it is released







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