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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Intro To Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Abbreviation for computerized axial tomography - uses a computer and a rotating x-ray device to create detailed - cross-sectional images - or slices - of organs and body parts
anthropology
abreaction
CAT scan
naturalistic observation
2. A study of an individual unit - as a person - family - or social group - usually emphasizing developmental issues and relationships with the environment - especially in order to compare a larger group to the individual unit.
performance goals
reinforcer
case study
cognitive
3. Theory of child development included the Socratic method of questioning children by guiding them to reflect on their behavior. His emphasis on self-awareness and reflection has been adopted into school curricula and used to help students become criti
sensory adaptation
Jean Piaget
clinical psychologist
CAT scan
4. It adopts a holistic approach to human existence through investigations of meaning - values - freedom - tragedy - personal responsibility - human potential - spirituality - and self-actualization
cross-sectional study
experimental research
humanistic
argument by evidence
5. Technique of field research - used in anthropology and sociology - by which an investigator (participant observer) studies the life of a group by sharing in its activities
mastery goals
hierarchy of needs
occipital lobe
participant observation
6. (psychology) a stimulus that strengthens or weakens the behavior that produced it
industrial-organizational psychologist
reinforcer
Sternberg's triangular view
cognitive
7. The aggregate (sum or assemblage of many separate units; sum total) of responses to internal and external stimuli.
Jean Piaget
limbic system
Piaget's theory of child cognitive development 4 stages
behavior
8. Conflict that results from having to choose between two distasteful alternatives
fixed ratio
Three phases of memory process
biology
avoidance-avoidance conflict
9. The state of being anonymous
displacement
Stages of Moral Development
Wilhelm Wundt
anonymity
10. The light-sensitive inner surface of the eye - containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information
B.F. Skinner
retina
Jean Piaget
somatic nervous system
11. Mental categories that help our brains group objects that have common properties.
catecholamines
concept
sociology
proactive interference
12. Secreted from the adrenal cortex - aids the body during stress by increasing glucose levels
functionalism
acetylcholine
frontal lobe
cortisol
13. How the memory processes information - long term memory - short term memory - sensory information
epinephrine
Erik Erikson's
information processing theory
mastery goals
14. Observing subjects in their natural environment with no attempts at intervention on the part of the researcher.
ACTH
drive reduction
naturalistic observation
oxytocin
15. Natural - opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure
endorphins
opponent-process theory
somatization
introspection
16. 1896-1934; russian developmental psychologist who emphasized the role of the social environment on cognitive development and proposed the idea of zones of proximal development. GUIDED PARTICIPATION - Children's interaction with knowledgeable adults o
Lev Vygotsky
B.F. Skinner
Piaget's theory of child cognitive development 4 stages
John Bowlby
17. State whereby a victim forms an emotional attachment to their captors.
ACTH
Albert Bandura
sensory adaptation
Stockholm syndrome
18. A hormone released by the pituitary gland of the brain during childbirth - breastfeeding - and intercourse - causing emotional bonding between persons in whom it is released
fixed ratio
corticosteriods
avoidance-avoidance conflict
oxytocin
19. A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction. - lack of production is linked to Alzheimer's
Erik Erikson's
acetylcholine
primary reinforcer
carl jung
20. A theory of personality that emphasizes free will and human agency in directing personal behavior. the doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason
Erik Erikson's
carl jung
ACTH
Humanism
21. Of or pertaining to the mental processes of perception - memory - judgment - and reasoning - as contrasted with emotional and volitional processes
correlation
cognitive
sociology
Abraham Maslow
22. A mutual or reciprocal relationship between two or more things
correlation
argument by evidence
Gordon Allport
REM sleep
23. The denial of any power or moral value superior to that of humanity; the rejection of religion in favour of a belief in the advancement of humanity by its own efforts
Humanism
cortisol
Three phases of memory process
secondary reinforcer
24. A psychologist who uses psychological concepts to make the workplace a more satisfying environment for employees and managers
abreaction
experimental research
industrial-organizational psychologist
neofreudian
25. The lowest level of stimulation that a person can detect
nonrepinephrine
absolute threshold
sociology
psychoanalysis
26. The study of the relationships among psychology - the nervous and endocrine systems - and the immune system.
nonrepinephrine
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
Erik Erikson's
mastery goals
27. Stages of development - Stage 2 Will - Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - Toddler stage / 1-3 years. Child needs to learn to explore the world. Bad if the parent is too smothering or completely neglectful.
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28. A microscopic gap between the terminal button of one neuron and the cell membrane of another neuron
experimental research
internal validity
Sternberg's triangular view
synaptic cleft
29. Stages of development - Stage 1 Hope - Basic Trust vs. Mistrust - Infant stage / 0-1 year. Does the child believe its caregivers to be reliable?
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30. Stages of development - Stage 7 Caring - Generativity vs. Stagnation - early forties till mid sixties / starts as the Mid-life crisis. Measure accomplishments/failures. Am I satisfied or not? The need to assist the younger generation. Stagnation is
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31. The appearance of things relative to one another as determined by their distance from the viewer
drive reduction
Abraham Maslow
linear perspective
somatic nervous system
32. Three facets: intimacy - commitment - and passion.
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33. Theory states that the acquisitiion of new knowledge and behaviors is central to human development. Was a pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. he is famous fo
Three phases of memory process
Albert Bandura
B.F. Skinner
algorithm
34. Present evidence to support your claims
biology
avoidance-avoidance conflict
William James
argument by evidence
35. The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system
somatic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
Erik Erikson's
industrial-organizational psychologist
36. Reciprocal action - effect - or influence.
fovea
accomodation
cerebellum
interaction
37. Level 1 (Pre-Conventional) 1. Obedience and punishment orientation (How can I avoid punishment?) 2. Self-interest orientation (What's in it for me? Paying for a benefit.) - Level 2 (Conventional) 3. Interpersonal accord and conformity (Social norms -
naturalistic observation
hierarchy of needs
experimental research
Stages of Moral Development
38. Personal Construct Psychology. investigative technique - which would remove the influence of the observer's frame of reference on what was observed. he believed (personal construct theory) our personality consists of our thoughts about ourselves - in
Anna Freud
George Kelly
proactive interference
accomodation
39. Founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment; wrote first psychology textbook - The Principles of Psychology
altruism
etiology
William James
Three phases of memory process
40. Any of several chemical substances - as epinephrine or acetylcholine - that transmit nerve impulses across a synapse to a postsynaptic element - as another nerve - muscle - or gland.
neurotransmitter
argument by evidence
retina
social psychologist
41. A measure of how well the variables of one test (could be personality) measure the same things as the variables of a similar test.
criterion validity
psychodynamic
Albert Bandura
anonymity
42. Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions
Erik Erikson's
cortisol
psychoanalysis
Sternberg's triangular view
43. Process in which cells become specialized in structure and function.
Meyer Friedman
hierarchy of needs
differentiation
criterion validity
44. The central focal point in the retina - around which the eye's cones cluster
avoidance-avoidance conflict
fovea
central nervous system
Erik Erikson's
45. Created the Stages of Moral Development - relied for his studies on stories such as the Heinz dilemma - and was interested in how individuals would justify their actions if placed in similar moral dilemmas
longitudinal study
Lawrence Kohlberg
industrial-organizational psychologist
shizophrenia
46. A negative condition is introduced to reduce a behavior.
negative punishment
Gordon Allport
ACTH
Piaget's theory of child cognitive development 4 stages
47. (1821-1894) Emphasized a mechanistic and deterministic approach - assuming human sense organs functioned like machines - Neural Impulse: studied reaction times for sensory nerves in humans - demonstrated that speed of conduction was not instantaneous
introspection
synaptic cleft
shizophrenia
Hermann von Helmholtz
48. The quality of unselfish concern for the welfare of others
reciprocal determinism
algorithm
altruism
parasympathetic nervous system
49. A process by which repressed material - particularly a painful experience or conflict is brought back to consciousness - in this process the person not only recalls - but also relived the repressed material - which is accompained by the appropriate a
industrial-organizational psychologist
neuroscientist
corticosteriods
abreaction
50. Images are flashed to the left visual fields (therefore the right hemisphere) and individual cannot name object - but can locate it. Images are flashed to the right visual fields (therefore the left hemisphere) and individual can name object.
parasympathetic nervous system
displacement
split brain study
independent variable