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CLEP Intro To Psychology

Subjects : clep, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Technique of field research - used in anthropology and sociology - by which an investigator (participant observer) studies the life of a group by sharing in its activities






2. Pioneer in observational learning (AKA social learning) - stated that people profit from the mistakes/successes of others; Studies: Bobo Dolls-adults demonstrated 'appropriate' play with dolls - children mimicked play






3. Simultaneous color contrast: an effect that occurs when surrounding an area with a color changes the appearence of the surrounded area. - the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green - yellow-blue - white-black) enable color vision. For exam






4. An innately reinforcing stimulus - such as one that satisfies a biological need






5. 1896-1934; russian developmental psychologist who emphasized the role of the social environment on cognitive development and proposed the idea of zones of proximal development. GUIDED PARTICIPATION - Children's interaction with knowledgeable adults o






6. Goals framed in terms of increasing ones competence and skills






7. The science that deals with the origins - physical and cultural development - biological characteristics - and social customs and beliefs of humankind.






8. It adopts a holistic approach to human existence through investigations of meaning - values - freedom - tragedy - personal responsibility - human potential - spirituality - and self-actualization






9. A theory of personality that emphasizes free will and human agency in directing personal behavior. the doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason






10. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'






11. The lowest level of stimulation that a person can detect






12. Adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster - stopping digestion - enlarging pupils - sending sugar into the bloodstream - preparing a blood clot faster






13. Neurotransmitter that influences voluntary movement - attention - alertness; lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson's disease; too much is linked with schizophrenia






14. Level 1 (Pre-Conventional) 1. Obedience and punishment orientation (How can I avoid punishment?) 2. Self-interest orientation (What's in it for me? Paying for a benefit.) - Level 2 (Conventional) 3. Interpersonal accord and conformity (Social norms -






15. Images are flashed to the left visual fields (therefore the right hemisphere) and individual cannot name object - but can locate it. Images are flashed to the right visual fields (therefore the left hemisphere) and individual can name object.






16. The state of being anonymous






17. A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction. - lack of production is linked to Alzheimer's






18. The science or study of the origin - development - organization - and functioning of human society; the science of the fundamental laws of social relations - institutions - etc.






19. (1821-1894) Emphasized a mechanistic and deterministic approach - assuming human sense organs functioned like machines - Neural Impulse: studied reaction times for sensory nerves in humans - demonstrated that speed of conduction was not instantaneous






20. The part of declarative memory that stores general information such as names and facts.






21. A systematic method of deriving conclusions that cannot be false when the premises are true - esp one amenable to formalization and study by the science of logic






22. Physiological needs drive an organism to act in either random or habitual ways






23. Attachment theory -






24. Focused on child psychoanalysis - fully developed defense mechanisms - emphasized importance of the ego and its constant struggle






25. The first person to study memory scientifically and systematically; used nonsense syllables and recorded how many times he had to study a list to remember it well






26. Accepted Freud's basic ideas - but doubted sex was all-consuming and gave more credit to consciousness and childhood






27. The central focal point in the retina - around which the eye's cones cluster






28. Founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment; wrote first psychology textbook - The Principles of Psychology






29. Rapid low-amplitude waves. less prevalent in adults






30. Sensorimotor - birth to language - Preoperational - 2-7 - Concrete Operational - 7 - 11 - Formal Operational 11 - Adult Abstract Thoughts


31. Theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment






32. The extent to which data collected from a sample can be generalized to the entire population.






33. Allows researchers to scan areas of the brain while a participant performs a physical or cognitive task






34. A psychologist who uses psychological concepts to make the workplace a more satisfying environment for employees and managers






35. A schedule where reinforcement happens after a changing number of responses. Example gambling or sales






36. A study of an individual unit - as a person - family - or social group - usually emphasizing developmental issues and relationships with the environment - especially in order to compare a larger group to the individual unit.






37. Behavioral approach - the attempt to relate overt (open to view or knowledge; not concealed or secret) responses to observable environmental stimuli (something that excites an organism or part to functional activity).






38. A mutual or reciprocal relationship between two or more things






39. Austrian neurologist who originated psychoanalysis (1856-1939); Said that human behavior is irrational; behavior is the outcome of conflict between the id (irrational unconscious driven by sexual - aggressive - and pleasure-seeking desires) and ego (






40. Observation or examination of one's own mental and emotional state - mental processes - etc.; the act of looking within oneself.






41. A process by which repressed material - particularly a painful experience or conflict is brought back to consciousness - in this process the person not only recalls - but also relived the repressed material - which is accompained by the appropriate a






42. Created the 'hierarchy of needs -'--physiological needs - safety & security - love & belonging - self-esteem - self-actualization.






43. A measure of how well the variables of one test (could be personality) measure the same things as the variables of a similar test.






44. The appearance of things relative to one another as determined by their distance from the viewer






45. Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; visual areas






46. Helps the body process new information by adapting to old stimuli and making space for new ones






47. Stages of development - Stage 6 Love (in intimate relationships - work and family) - Intimacy vs. Isolation - Young adult / mid twenties till early forties. Who do I want to be with or date - what am I going to do with my life? Will I settle down?


48. Process in which cells become specialized in structure and function.






49. Research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period






50. Substance secreted by the anterior pituitary; controls size of an individual by promoting cell division - protein synthesis - and bone growth