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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Intro To Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Accepted Freud's basic ideas - but doubted sex was all-consuming and gave more credit to consciousness and childhood
Meyer Friedman
external validity
neofreudian
REM sleep
2. The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied
cerebellum
cross-sectional study
B.F. Skinner
independent variable
3. The first person to study memory scientifically and systematically; used nonsense syllables and recorded how many times he had to study a list to remember it well
external validity
fixed ratio
Hermann Ebbinghaus
neofreudian
4. Theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment
Stockholm syndrome
somatic nervous system
reciprocal determinism
neurotransmitter
5. The light-sensitive inner surface of the eye - containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information
retina
psychoanalysis
linear perspective
Stockholm syndrome
6. Conflict that results from having to choose between two distasteful alternatives
criterion validity
Erik Erikson's
significant psychological research
avoidance-avoidance conflict
7. A psychologist who studies sensation - perception - learning - motivation - and emotion in carefully controlled laboratory conditions
absolute threshold
acetylcholine
significant psychological research
experimental psychologist
8. The 'little brain' attached to the rear of the brainstem; its functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance
Anna Freud
performance goals
cerebellum
opponent-process theory
9. Considered the Father of modern psychology; study of mental processes - introspection - and self-exam; established the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig - Germany
reinforcer
Wilhelm Wundt
biology
parietal lobe
10. Natural - opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure
mastery goals
dependent variable
deduction
endorphins
11. Originating in or based on observation or experience
accomodation
ACTH
empirical evidence
endorphins
12. A theory of personality that emphasizes free will and human agency in directing personal behavior. the doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason
Humanism
argument by evidence
Erik Erikson's
biology
13. 1896-1934; russian developmental psychologist who emphasized the role of the social environment on cognitive development and proposed the idea of zones of proximal development. GUIDED PARTICIPATION - Children's interaction with knowledgeable adults o
shizophrenia
absolute threshold
industrial-organizational psychologist
Lev Vygotsky
14. The scientific study of how we think about - influence - and relate to one another
social psychologist
parasympathetic nervous system
abreaction
dependent variable
15. Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; visual areas
drive reduction
occipital lobe
argument by evidence
sensory adaptation
16. Stages of development - Stage 7 Caring - Generativity vs. Stagnation - early forties till mid sixties / starts as the Mid-life crisis. Measure accomplishments/failures. Am I satisfied or not? The need to assist the younger generation. Stagnation is
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17. Describes a schedule of reinforcement wherein a worker is paid for a certain sum for each product produced
longitudinal study
REM sleep
sensory adaptation
fixed ratio
18. Adrenal glands secerets this to activate various organs that results in a phyiscal stress response
variable ratio
psychodynamic
catecholamines
Humanism
19. Behavioral approach - the attempt to relate overt (open to view or knowledge; not concealed or secret) responses to observable environmental stimuli (something that excites an organism or part to functional activity).
Meyer Friedman
linear perspective
psychological science
absolute threshold
20. Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition - which is assumed to be an active agent
altruism
naturalistic observation
placebo effect
internal validity
21. One of the earliest psychologists in America who undertook a rigorous and structures approach to studying personality. He identified the idiographic and nomothetic views to personality.
corticosteriods
Erik Erikson's
accomodation
Gordon Allport
22. A microscopic gap between the terminal button of one neuron and the cell membrane of another neuron
synaptic cleft
significant psychological research
dopamine
psychological science
23. An innately reinforcing stimulus - such as one that satisfies a biological need
experimental research
Erik Erikson's
Hermann von Helmholtz
primary reinforcer
24. The process through which the body absorbs social stress and manifests symptoms of suffering; also called embodiment
Humanism
fixed ratio
naturalistic observation
somatization
25. Level 1 (Pre-Conventional) 1. Obedience and punishment orientation (How can I avoid punishment?) 2. Self-interest orientation (What's in it for me? Paying for a benefit.) - Level 2 (Conventional) 3. Interpersonal accord and conformity (Social norms -
functional MRI
information processing theory
Stages of Moral Development
argument by evidence
26. Situation in which previously learned information hinders the recall of information learned more recently
behavior
proactive interference
somatization
social psychologist
27. A negative condition is introduced to reduce a behavior.
retina
neurotransmitter
cortisol
negative punishment
28. A hormone released by the pituitary gland of the brain during childbirth - breastfeeding - and intercourse - causing emotional bonding between persons in whom it is released
drive reduction
parietal lobe
Parietal lobe
oxytocin
29. Maslow's pyramid of human needs - beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active - Maslow's Theory of Motivation which states that we must achiev
Hermann von Helmholtz
hierarchy of needs
longitudinal study
retina
30. Technique of field research - used in anthropology and sociology - by which an investigator (participant observer) studies the life of a group by sharing in its activities
hierarchy of needs
participant observation
Erik Erikson's
Humanism
31. Goals framed in terms of performing well in front of others - being judged favorably - and avoiding criticism
performance goals
Hermann von Helmholtz
anthropology
interaction
32. Simultaneous color contrast: an effect that occurs when surrounding an area with a color changes the appearence of the surrounded area. - the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green - yellow-blue - white-black) enable color vision. For exam
argument by evidence
opponent-process theory
mastery goals
neurotransmitter
33. Physiological needs drive an organism to act in either random or habitual ways
drive reduction
ACTH
parietal lobe
shizophrenia
34. A process by which repressed material - particularly a painful experience or conflict is brought back to consciousness - in this process the person not only recalls - but also relived the repressed material - which is accompained by the appropriate a
case study
split brain study
abreaction
acetylcholine
35. The aggregate (sum or assemblage of many separate units; sum total) of responses to internal and external stimuli.
behavior
split brain study
frontal lobe
shizophrenia
36. The part of declarative memory that stores general information such as names and facts.
John Bowlby
semantic memory
sympathetic nervous system
internal validity
37. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'
longitudinal study
Stockholm syndrome
Erik Erikson
Meyer Friedman
38. It is a collection of research designs which use manipulation and controlled testing to understand causal processes. Generally - one or more variables are manipulated to determine their effect on a dependent variable
Erik Erikson's
parietal lobe
Jean Piaget
experimental research
39. The cause of a disease
shizophrenia
cerebellum
etiology
Albert Bandura
40. A doughnut-shaped system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions such as fear and aggression and drives such as those for food and sex. Includes the hippocampus - amygdala - and hypothala
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
limbic system
fixed ratio
synaptic cleft
41. The appearance of things relative to one another as determined by their distance from the viewer
Gordon Allport
Sternberg's triangular view
humanistic
linear perspective
42. The science or study of the origin - development - organization - and functioning of human society; the science of the fundamental laws of social relations - institutions - etc.
Albert Bandura
somatization
sociology
reciprocal determinism
43. The denial of any power or moral value superior to that of humanity; the rejection of religion in favour of a belief in the advancement of humanity by its own efforts
external validity
biology
Humanism
Three phases of memory process
44. Stages of development - Stage 3 Purpose - Initiative vs. Guilt - Preschool / 3-6 years - Can the child plan or do things on his own - such as dress him or herself. If 'guilty' about making his or her own choices - the child will not function well. E
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45. Secreted from the adrenal cortex - aids the body during stress by increasing glucose levels
functional MRI
anthropology
abreaction
cortisol
46. ENCODE - STORE - RETRIEVE
fovea
forgetting curve
Three phases of memory process
algorithm
47. Personal Construct Psychology. investigative technique - which would remove the influence of the observer's frame of reference on what was observed. he believed (personal construct theory) our personality consists of our thoughts about ourselves - in
John Locke
George Kelly
industrial-organizational psychologist
Gordon Allport
48. Researcher who pioneered the development of type A (high achieving - multi-taskers who are always very stressed and in a hurry.) and type B (easy going relaxed and not always in a hurry.) personality types based on how well they respond to the multip
information processing theory
Meyer Friedman
B.F. Skinner
Three phases of memory process
49. (1821-1894) Emphasized a mechanistic and deterministic approach - assuming human sense organs functioned like machines - Neural Impulse: studied reaction times for sensory nerves in humans - demonstrated that speed of conduction was not instantaneous
significant psychological research
Hermann von Helmholtz
Erik Erikson's
secondary reinforcer
50. Stages of development - Stage 6 Love (in intimate relationships - work and family) - Intimacy vs. Isolation - Young adult / mid twenties till early forties. Who do I want to be with or date - what am I going to do with my life? Will I settle down?
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