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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Intro To Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body - conserving its energy.
Albert Bandura
anthropology
concept
parasympathetic nervous system
2. Pioneer in observational learning (AKA social learning) - stated that people profit from the mistakes/successes of others; Studies: Bobo Dolls-adults demonstrated 'appropriate' play with dolls - children mimicked play
dopamine
Albert Bandura
proactive interference
John Bowlby
3. Stages of development - Stage 2 Will - Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - Toddler stage / 1-3 years. Child needs to learn to explore the world. Bad if the parent is too smothering or completely neglectful.
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4. The extent to which data collected from a sample can be generalized to the entire population.
epinephrine
external validity
neuroscientist
REM sleep
5. 1896-1934; russian developmental psychologist who emphasized the role of the social environment on cognitive development and proposed the idea of zones of proximal development. GUIDED PARTICIPATION - Children's interaction with knowledgeable adults o
Lev Vygotsky
carl jung
dopamine
B.F. Skinner
6. Neurotransmitter that influences voluntary movement - attention - alertness; lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson's disease; too much is linked with schizophrenia
Humanism
psychoanalysis
dopamine
epinephrine
7. The central focal point in the retina - around which the eye's cones cluster
fovea
hierarchy of needs
etiology
Anna Freud
8. A psychologist who studies sensation - perception - learning - motivation - and emotion in carefully controlled laboratory conditions
experimental psychologist
participant observation
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
algorithm
9. Natural - opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure
cognitive
endorphins
Erik Erikson's
information processing theory
10. Helps the body process new information by adapting to old stimuli and making space for new ones
sensory adaptation
social psychologist
abreaction
cross-sectional study
11. Three facets: intimacy - commitment - and passion.
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12. Portion posterior to the frontal lobe - responsible for sensations such as pain - temperature - and touch
parietal lobe
frontal lobe
cross-sectional study
oxytocin
13. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation
dependent variable
differentiation
carl jung
somatic nervous system
14. A process by which repressed material - particularly a painful experience or conflict is brought back to consciousness - in this process the person not only recalls - but also relived the repressed material - which is accompained by the appropriate a
Stages of Moral Development
case study
catecholamines
abreaction
15. Stages of development - Stage 1 Hope - Basic Trust vs. Mistrust - Infant stage / 0-1 year. Does the child believe its caregivers to be reliable?
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16. Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; visual areas
correlation
somatization
hierarchy of needs
occipital lobe
17. Goals framed in terms of performing well in front of others - being judged favorably - and avoiding criticism
frontal lobe
psychological science
performance goals
clinical psychologist
18. Inferences are said to possess internal validity if a causal relation between two variables is properly demonstrated.
participant observation
cognitive
internal validity
oxytocin
19. One of the earliest psychologists in America who undertook a rigorous and structures approach to studying personality. He identified the idiographic and nomothetic views to personality.
catecholamines
Erik Erikson's
differentiation
Gordon Allport
20. (1821-1894) Emphasized a mechanistic and deterministic approach - assuming human sense organs functioned like machines - Neural Impulse: studied reaction times for sensory nerves in humans - demonstrated that speed of conduction was not instantaneous
sympathetic nervous system
Anna Freud
Hermann von Helmholtz
anonymity
21. The 'little brain' attached to the rear of the brainstem; its functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance
naturalistic observation
cerebellum
placebo effect
cognitive
22. Rapid low-amplitude waves. less prevalent in adults
etiology
psychodynamic
REM sleep
ACTH
23. A doughnut-shaped system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions such as fear and aggression and drives such as those for food and sex. Includes the hippocampus - amygdala - and hypothala
experimental research
limbic system
Erik Erikson's
Stockholm syndrome
24. The appearance of things relative to one another as determined by their distance from the viewer
linear perspective
epinephrine
cross-sectional study
Sigmund Freud
25. Study of the brain interested in the biological bases of human disorders such as Parkinson's and Huntington's. Neuroscience is a branch of research that is concerned with the underlying physical changes that accompany brain disorders
frontal lobe
Sigmund Freud
negative punishment
neuroscientist
26. Personal Construct Psychology. investigative technique - which would remove the influence of the observer's frame of reference on what was observed. he believed (personal construct theory) our personality consists of our thoughts about ourselves - in
Hermann Ebbinghaus
George Kelly
carl jung
cerebellum
27. The state of being anonymous
anonymity
anthropology
occipital lobe
central nervous system
28. The quality of unselfish concern for the welfare of others
placebo effect
altruism
introspection
forgetting curve
29. Portion behind to the frontal lobe - responsible for sensations such as pain - temperature - and touch
REM sleep
Erik Erikson's
Parietal lobe
altruism
30. Any reinforcer that becomes reinforcing after being paired with a primary reinforcer - such as praise - tokens - or gold stars
split brain study
Sigmund Freud
nonrepinephrine
secondary reinforcer
31. A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction. - lack of production is linked to Alzheimer's
Erik Erikson's
acetylcholine
nonrepinephrine
drive reduction
32. Reciprocal action - effect - or influence.
interaction
industrial-organizational psychologist
reinforcer
independent variable
33. Focused on child psychoanalysis - fully developed defense mechanisms - emphasized importance of the ego and its constant struggle
Anna Freud
primary reinforcer
variable ratio
John Locke
34. A schedule where reinforcement happens after a changing number of responses. Example gambling or sales
Lev Vygotsky
dependent variable
argument by evidence
variable ratio
35. Behavioral approach - the attempt to relate overt (open to view or knowledge; not concealed or secret) responses to observable environmental stimuli (something that excites an organism or part to functional activity).
Wilhelm Wundt
altruism
psychological science
growth hormone
36. The light-sensitive inner surface of the eye - containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
retina
Gordon Allport
linear perspective
37. Stages of development - Stage 6 Love (in intimate relationships - work and family) - Intimacy vs. Isolation - Young adult / mid twenties till early forties. Who do I want to be with or date - what am I going to do with my life? Will I settle down?
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38. Conflict that results from having to choose between two distasteful alternatives
growth hormone
cross-sectional study
drive reduction
avoidance-avoidance conflict
39. Stages of development - Stage 5 Fidelity - Identity vs. Role Confusion - Adolescent / 12 years till mid twenties. Questioning of self. Who am I - how do I fit in? Where am I going in life? Erikson believes that if the parents allow the child to exp
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40. Adrenocorticotropic hormone - produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex regulates the production of cortisol(steriod hormone) from anterior pituitary
mastery goals
ACTH
corticosteriods
cortisol
41. Substance secreted by the anterior pituitary; controls size of an individual by promoting cell division - protein synthesis - and bone growth
opponent-process theory
growth hormone
babinksi reflex
introspection
42. How the memory processes information - long term memory - short term memory - sensory information
mastery goals
Jean Piaget
information processing theory
Erik Erikson's
43. Allows researchers to scan areas of the brain while a participant performs a physical or cognitive task
functional MRI
neofreudian
corticosteriods
Erik Erikson's
44. Anti adrenaline - affects neurons involved in increased heart rate and the slowing of intestinal activity during stress - and neurons involved in learning - memory - dreaming - waking from sleep - and emotion. increase arousal and boost mood-scarce d
nonrepinephrine
Stages of Moral Development
George Kelly
displacement
45. Secreted from the adrenal cortex - aids the body during stress by increasing glucose levels
B.F. Skinner
cortisol
secondary reinforcer
deduction
46. The science that deals with the origins - physical and cultural development - biological characteristics - and social customs and beliefs of humankind.
endorphins
deduction
anthropology
Stockholm syndrome
47. The portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord that perceives - gathers - interprets - and records incoming sensory information and also sends out communication destined for muscles - glands and internal organs s
central nervous system
Three phases of memory process
opponent-process theory
avoidance-avoidance conflict
48. A microscopic gap between the terminal button of one neuron and the cell membrane of another neuron
synaptic cleft
Piaget's theory of child cognitive development 4 stages
anthropology
CAT scan
49. Theory states that the acquisitiion of new knowledge and behaviors is central to human development. Was a pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. he is famous fo
placebo effect
naturalistic observation
B.F. Skinner
Meyer Friedman
50. A methodical - logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem
negative punishment
Erik Erikson's
algorithm
Sternberg's triangular view
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