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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Intro To Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A doughnut-shaped system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions such as fear and aggression and drives such as those for food and sex. Includes the hippocampus - amygdala - and hypothala
babinksi reflex
longitudinal study
limbic system
neuroscientist
2. Reciprocal action - effect - or influence.
Erik Erikson's
corticosteriods
functional MRI
interaction
3. The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable
external validity
placebo effect
Jean Piaget
dependent variable
4. Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition - which is assumed to be an active agent
placebo effect
central nervous system
Erik Erikson
B.F. Skinner
5. A negative condition is introduced to reduce a behavior.
sensory adaptation
industrial-organizational psychologist
corticosteriods
negative punishment
6. A psychologist who studies sensation - perception - learning - motivation - and emotion in carefully controlled laboratory conditions
neurotransmitter
forgetting curve
experimental psychologist
empirical evidence
7. The denial of any power or moral value superior to that of humanity; the rejection of religion in favour of a belief in the advancement of humanity by its own efforts
functional MRI
George Kelly
Humanism
Piaget's theory of child cognitive development 4 stages
8. The process through which the body absorbs social stress and manifests symptoms of suffering; also called embodiment
catecholamines
external validity
empirical evidence
somatization
9. The scientific study of how we think about - influence - and relate to one another
somatization
William James
internal validity
social psychologist
10. Accepted Freud's basic ideas - but doubted sex was all-consuming and gave more credit to consciousness and childhood
neofreudian
performance goals
Erik Erikson's
concept
11. The cause of a disease
altruism
hierarchy of needs
carl jung
etiology
12. A study of an individual unit - as a person - family - or social group - usually emphasizing developmental issues and relationships with the environment - especially in order to compare a larger group to the individual unit.
Erik Erikson's
William James
case study
absolute threshold
13. State whereby a victim forms an emotional attachment to their captors.
Stockholm syndrome
Sternberg's triangular view
Gordon Allport
fixed ratio
14. Research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period
longitudinal study
sensory adaptation
synaptic cleft
Erik Erikson
15. Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; visual areas
proactive interference
functional MRI
occipital lobe
epinephrine
16. It adopts a holistic approach to human existence through investigations of meaning - values - freedom - tragedy - personal responsibility - human potential - spirituality - and self-actualization
significant psychological research
humanistic
dopamine
drive reduction
17. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation
carl jung
Wilhelm Wundt
Erik Erikson's
John Locke
18. English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704)
Stockholm syndrome
John Locke
Sternberg's triangular view
parietal lobe
19. Stroke bottom of the foot up and across by the toes and the toes fan out
semantic memory
babinksi reflex
humanistic
cortisol
20. The lowest level of stimulation that a person can detect
absolute threshold
frontal lobe
central nervous system
sociology
21. The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied
B.F. Skinner
cortisol
cognitive
independent variable
22. The study of the relationships among psychology - the nervous and endocrine systems - and the immune system.
empirical evidence
behavior
primary reinforcer
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
23. The extent to which data collected from a sample can be generalized to the entire population.
hierarchy of needs
significant psychological research
external validity
Erik Erikson's
24. Considered the Father of modern psychology; study of mental processes - introspection - and self-exam; established the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig - Germany
Gordon Allport
mastery goals
Wilhelm Wundt
frontal lobe
25. Goals framed in terms of performing well in front of others - being judged favorably - and avoiding criticism
longitudinal study
Ivan Pavlov
performance goals
psychoanalysis
26. 1896-1934; russian developmental psychologist who emphasized the role of the social environment on cognitive development and proposed the idea of zones of proximal development. GUIDED PARTICIPATION - Children's interaction with knowledgeable adults o
Lev Vygotsky
Erik Erikson's
forgetting curve
psychological science
27. Personal Construct Psychology. investigative technique - which would remove the influence of the observer's frame of reference on what was observed. he believed (personal construct theory) our personality consists of our thoughts about ourselves - in
John Bowlby
Erik Erikson's
central nervous system
George Kelly
28. Substance secreted by the anterior pituitary; controls size of an individual by promoting cell division - protein synthesis - and bone growth
social psychologist
empirical evidence
growth hormone
Erik Erikson's
29. The appearance of things relative to one another as determined by their distance from the viewer
linear perspective
epinephrine
Erik Erikson's
Jean Piaget
30. Stages of development - Stage 1 Hope - Basic Trust vs. Mistrust - Infant stage / 0-1 year. Does the child believe its caregivers to be reliable?
31. The science of life or living matter in all its forms and phenomena - especially with reference to origin - growth - reproduction - structure - and behavior.
biology
limbic system
cross-sectional study
acetylcholine
32. Stages of development - Stage 2 Will - Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - Toddler stage / 1-3 years. Child needs to learn to explore the world. Bad if the parent is too smothering or completely neglectful.
33. (1821-1894) Emphasized a mechanistic and deterministic approach - assuming human sense organs functioned like machines - Neural Impulse: studied reaction times for sensory nerves in humans - demonstrated that speed of conduction was not instantaneous
sociology
drive reduction
frontal lobe
Hermann von Helmholtz
34. Rapid low-amplitude waves. less prevalent in adults
growth hormone
altruism
REM sleep
sympathetic nervous system
35. Level 1 (Pre-Conventional) 1. Obedience and punishment orientation (How can I avoid punishment?) 2. Self-interest orientation (What's in it for me? Paying for a benefit.) - Level 2 (Conventional) 3. Interpersonal accord and conformity (Social norms -
hierarchy of needs
sensory adaptation
Stages of Moral Development
Abraham Maslow
36. Theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment
neofreudian
argument by evidence
significant psychological research
reciprocal determinism
37. Any of several chemical substances - as epinephrine or acetylcholine - that transmit nerve impulses across a synapse to a postsynaptic element - as another nerve - muscle - or gland.
placebo effect
psychoanalysis
neurotransmitter
industrial-organizational psychologist
38. A therapist who deals with mental and emotional disorders
John Bowlby
clinical psychologist
introspection
functionalism
39. Mental categories that help our brains group objects that have common properties.
concept
information processing theory
shizophrenia
opponent-process theory
40. Sensorimotor - birth to language - Preoperational - 2-7 - Concrete Operational - 7 - 11 - Formal Operational 11 - Adult Abstract Thoughts
41. A mutual or reciprocal relationship between two or more things
etiology
Sternberg's triangular view
Erik Erikson's
correlation
42. A measure of how well the variables of one test (could be personality) measure the same things as the variables of a similar test.
criterion validity
introspection
Erik Erikson's
limbic system
43. An innately reinforcing stimulus - such as one that satisfies a biological need
ACTH
Erik Erikson's
primary reinforcer
B.F. Skinner
44. Any reinforcer that becomes reinforcing after being paired with a primary reinforcer - such as praise - tokens - or gold stars
split brain study
secondary reinforcer
performance goals
Stockholm syndrome
45. Classical conditioning. trained a dog to respond to the sound of a bell by pairing it up with food.
argument by evidence
Ivan Pavlov
somatic nervous system
parietal lobe
46. Secreted from the adrenal cortex - aids the body during stress by increasing glucose levels
nonrepinephrine
cortisol
naturalistic observation
cognitive
47. Helps the body process new information by adapting to old stimuli and making space for new ones
participant observation
proactive interference
sensory adaptation
somatization
48. A methodical - logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem
clinical psychologist
algorithm
Meyer Friedman
parasympathetic nervous system
49. Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions
sensory adaptation
nonrepinephrine
psychoanalysis
case study
50. Created the 'hierarchy of needs -'--physiological needs - safety & security - love & belonging - self-esteem - self-actualization.
experimental research
proactive interference
Abraham Maslow
linear perspective