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CLEP Intro To Psychology

Subjects : clep, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pioneer in observational learning (AKA social learning) - stated that people profit from the mistakes/successes of others; Studies: Bobo Dolls-adults demonstrated 'appropriate' play with dolls - children mimicked play






2. A therapist who deals with mental and emotional disorders






3. The state of being anonymous






4. It is a collection of research designs which use manipulation and controlled testing to understand causal processes. Generally - one or more variables are manipulated to determine their effect on a dependent variable






5. Any of several chemical substances - as epinephrine or acetylcholine - that transmit nerve impulses across a synapse to a postsynaptic element - as another nerve - muscle - or gland.






6. Researcher who pioneered the development of type A (high achieving - multi-taskers who are always very stressed and in a hurry.) and type B (easy going relaxed and not always in a hurry.) personality types based on how well they respond to the multip






7. A negative condition is introduced to reduce a behavior.






8. Founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment; wrote first psychology textbook - The Principles of Psychology






9. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






10. One of the earliest psychologists in America who undertook a rigorous and structures approach to studying personality. He identified the idiographic and nomothetic views to personality.






11. A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction. - lack of production is linked to Alzheimer's






12. Stages of development - Stage 8 Wisdom - Ego Integrity vs. Despair - old age / from mid sixties. Some handle death well. Some can be bitter - unhappy - and/or dissatisfied with what they have accomplished or failed to accomplish within their lifetim


13. Natural - opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure






14. English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704)






15. Level 1 (Pre-Conventional) 1. Obedience and punishment orientation (How can I avoid punishment?) 2. Self-interest orientation (What's in it for me? Paying for a benefit.) - Level 2 (Conventional) 3. Interpersonal accord and conformity (Social norms -






16. Stages of development - Stage 7 Caring - Generativity vs. Stagnation - early forties till mid sixties / starts as the Mid-life crisis. Measure accomplishments/failures. Am I satisfied or not? The need to assist the younger generation. Stagnation is


17. The quality of unselfish concern for the welfare of others






18. Focused on child psychoanalysis - fully developed defense mechanisms - emphasized importance of the ego and its constant struggle






19. A schedule where reinforcement happens after a changing number of responses. Example gambling or sales






20. Adrenocorticotropic hormone - produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex regulates the production of cortisol(steriod hormone) from anterior pituitary






21. Inferences are said to possess internal validity if a causal relation between two variables is properly demonstrated.






22. The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body - mobilizing its energy in stressful situations. Also called a fight or flight response.






23. (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that transfers affect or reaction from the original object to some more acceptable one






24. Stages of development - Stage 3 Purpose - Initiative vs. Guilt - Preschool / 3-6 years - Can the child plan or do things on his own - such as dress him or herself. If 'guilty' about making his or her own choices - the child will not function well. E


25. A 'SNAPSHOT' of a phenomenon such as cancer rate. a number of variables affect one another in a single point in time.






26. Portion behind to the frontal lobe - responsible for sensations such as pain - temperature - and touch






27. The first person to study memory scientifically and systematically; used nonsense syllables and recorded how many times he had to study a list to remember it well






28. The 'little brain' attached to the rear of the brainstem; its functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance






29. A systematic method of deriving conclusions that cannot be false when the premises are true - esp one amenable to formalization and study by the science of logic






30. Stages of development - Stage 1 Hope - Basic Trust vs. Mistrust - Infant stage / 0-1 year. Does the child believe its caregivers to be reliable?


31. Theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment






32. Theory states that the acquisitiion of new knowledge and behaviors is central to human development. Was a pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. he is famous fo






33. Stroke bottom of the foot up and across by the toes and the toes fan out






34. A process by which repressed material - particularly a painful experience or conflict is brought back to consciousness - in this process the person not only recalls - but also relived the repressed material - which is accompained by the appropriate a






35. Conflict that results from having to choose between two distasteful alternatives






36. The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body - conserving its energy.






37. A psychologist who studies sensation - perception - learning - motivation - and emotion in carefully controlled laboratory conditions






38. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'






39. The scientific study of how we think about - influence - and relate to one another






40. Secreted from the adrenal cortex - aids the body during stress by increasing glucose levels






41. Research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period






42. The portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord that perceives - gathers - interprets - and records incoming sensory information and also sends out communication destined for muscles - glands and internal organs s






43. Accepted Freud's basic ideas - but doubted sex was all-consuming and gave more credit to consciousness and childhood






44. Founded by Hermann Ebbinghaus. displays retention of information and forgetting over time. conclusions to this were that most forgetting happens right after learning something. this was modified to that forgetting doesn't occur that quickly if the su






45. A mutual or reciprocal relationship between two or more things






46. Stages of development - Stage 5 Fidelity - Identity vs. Role Confusion - Adolescent / 12 years till mid twenties. Questioning of self. Who am I - how do I fit in? Where am I going in life? Erikson believes that if the parents allow the child to exp


47. In psychoanalytic theory - the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts - feelings - and memories






48. Simultaneous color contrast: an effect that occurs when surrounding an area with a color changes the appearence of the surrounded area. - the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green - yellow-blue - white-black) enable color vision. For exam






49. Behavioral approach - the attempt to relate overt (open to view or knowledge; not concealed or secret) responses to observable environmental stimuli (something that excites an organism or part to functional activity).






50. A psychologist who uses psychological concepts to make the workplace a more satisfying environment for employees and managers