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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Intro To Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Austrian neurologist who originated psychoanalysis (1856-1939); Said that human behavior is irrational; behavior is the outcome of conflict between the id (irrational unconscious driven by sexual - aggressive - and pleasure-seeking desires) and ego (
reciprocal determinism
industrial-organizational psychologist
abreaction
Sigmund Freud
2. A 'SNAPSHOT' of a phenomenon such as cancer rate. a number of variables affect one another in a single point in time.
absolute threshold
longitudinal study
cross-sectional study
central nervous system
3. 1896-1934; russian developmental psychologist who emphasized the role of the social environment on cognitive development and proposed the idea of zones of proximal development. GUIDED PARTICIPATION - Children's interaction with knowledgeable adults o
biology
Lev Vygotsky
placebo effect
accomodation
4. Research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period
case study
fovea
longitudinal study
Erik Erikson's
5. Stages of development - Stage 6 Love (in intimate relationships - work and family) - Intimacy vs. Isolation - Young adult / mid twenties till early forties. Who do I want to be with or date - what am I going to do with my life? Will I settle down?
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6. Stages of development - Stage 3 Purpose - Initiative vs. Guilt - Preschool / 3-6 years - Can the child plan or do things on his own - such as dress him or herself. If 'guilty' about making his or her own choices - the child will not function well. E
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7. Founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment; wrote first psychology textbook - The Principles of Psychology
drive reduction
William James
Lawrence Kohlberg
altruism
8. Substance secreted by the anterior pituitary; controls size of an individual by promoting cell division - protein synthesis - and bone growth
participant observation
growth hormone
empirical evidence
criterion validity
9. Adrenocorticotropic hormone - produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex regulates the production of cortisol(steriod hormone) from anterior pituitary
ACTH
empirical evidence
experimental psychologist
case study
10. Portion posterior to the frontal lobe - responsible for sensations such as pain - temperature - and touch
parietal lobe
variable ratio
cognitive
ACTH
11. Stages of development - Stage 2 Will - Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - Toddler stage / 1-3 years. Child needs to learn to explore the world. Bad if the parent is too smothering or completely neglectful.
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12. The part of declarative memory that stores general information such as names and facts.
differentiation
semantic memory
functionalism
Sigmund Freud
13. A hormone released by the pituitary gland of the brain during childbirth - breastfeeding - and intercourse - causing emotional bonding between persons in whom it is released
synaptic cleft
oxytocin
cerebellum
differentiation
14. The cause of a disease
correlation
etiology
Sigmund Freud
split brain study
15. A process by which repressed material - particularly a painful experience or conflict is brought back to consciousness - in this process the person not only recalls - but also relived the repressed material - which is accompained by the appropriate a
psychodynamic
abreaction
nonrepinephrine
split brain study
16. Portion behind to the frontal lobe - responsible for sensations such as pain - temperature - and touch
Albert Bandura
negative punishment
Ivan Pavlov
Parietal lobe
17. The scientific study of how we think about - influence - and relate to one another
social psychologist
participant observation
central nervous system
parietal lobe
18. Observing subjects in their natural environment with no attempts at intervention on the part of the researcher.
forgetting curve
primary reinforcer
naturalistic observation
Stockholm syndrome
19. Act on the immune system to suppress the body's response to infection or trauma. Relieve inflammation - reduce swelling - and suppress symptoms in acute conditions
Humanism
sympathetic nervous system
performance goals
corticosteriods
20. Pioneer in observational learning (AKA social learning) - stated that people profit from the mistakes/successes of others; Studies: Bobo Dolls-adults demonstrated 'appropriate' play with dolls - children mimicked play
Repression
George Kelly
Albert Bandura
external validity
21. The state of being anonymous
altruism
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
psychoanalysis
anonymity
22. It is a collection of research designs which use manipulation and controlled testing to understand causal processes. Generally - one or more variables are manipulated to determine their effect on a dependent variable
reinforcer
experimental research
longitudinal study
anthropology
23. Goals framed in terms of performing well in front of others - being judged favorably - and avoiding criticism
Stages of Moral Development
performance goals
opponent-process theory
acetylcholine
24. The study of the relationships among psychology - the nervous and endocrine systems - and the immune system.
Erik Erikson's
performance goals
Erik Erikson's
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
25. The lowest level of stimulation that a person can detect
clinical psychologist
psychoanalysis
absolute threshold
neofreudian
26. (psychology) a stimulus that strengthens or weakens the behavior that produced it
Meyer Friedman
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
mastery goals
reinforcer
27. Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition - which is assumed to be an active agent
placebo effect
abreaction
William James
opponent-process theory
28. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation
negative punishment
argument by evidence
Repression
carl jung
29. Rapid low-amplitude waves. less prevalent in adults
REM sleep
Parietal lobe
functionalism
Erik Erikson's
30. The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system
corticosteriods
Hermann Ebbinghaus
somatic nervous system
parietal lobe
31. English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704)
participant observation
social psychologist
John Locke
argument by evidence
32. Neurotransmitter that influences voluntary movement - attention - alertness; lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson's disease; too much is linked with schizophrenia
sociology
Stages of Moral Development
displacement
dopamine
33. Severe mental illness characterized by auditory hallucinations - paranoia and an inability to distinguish reality from fiction
shizophrenia
argument by evidence
Erik Erikson's
Albert Bandura
34. Maslow's pyramid of human needs - beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active - Maslow's Theory of Motivation which states that we must achiev
hierarchy of needs
sympathetic nervous system
somatic nervous system
clinical psychologist
35. Mental categories that help our brains group objects that have common properties.
algorithm
abreaction
correlation
concept
36. Considered the Father of modern psychology; study of mental processes - introspection - and self-exam; established the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig - Germany
epinephrine
hierarchy of needs
Wilhelm Wundt
participant observation
37. Theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment
functional MRI
fixed ratio
parietal lobe
reciprocal determinism
38. Goals framed in terms of increasing ones competence and skills
cognitive
John Bowlby
mastery goals
participant observation
39. A study of an individual unit - as a person - family - or social group - usually emphasizing developmental issues and relationships with the environment - especially in order to compare a larger group to the individual unit.
Stockholm syndrome
behavior
case study
Repression
40. Theory states that the acquisitiion of new knowledge and behaviors is central to human development. Was a pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. he is famous fo
Lawrence Kohlberg
oxytocin
experimental research
B.F. Skinner
41. (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that transfers affect or reaction from the original object to some more acceptable one
etiology
sympathetic nervous system
displacement
primary reinforcer
42. The light-sensitive inner surface of the eye - containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information
William James
occipital lobe
retina
Stages of Moral Development
43. A psychologist who uses psychological concepts to make the workplace a more satisfying environment for employees and managers
absolute threshold
industrial-organizational psychologist
REM sleep
cross-sectional study
44. A school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt - survive - and flourish.
cortisol
functionalism
central nervous system
independent variable
45. Personal Construct Psychology. investigative technique - which would remove the influence of the observer's frame of reference on what was observed. he believed (personal construct theory) our personality consists of our thoughts about ourselves - in
etiology
catecholamines
clinical psychologist
George Kelly
46. One of the earliest psychologists in America who undertook a rigorous and structures approach to studying personality. He identified the idiographic and nomothetic views to personality.
Ivan Pavlov
algorithm
Gordon Allport
longitudinal study
47. The science that deals with the origins - physical and cultural development - biological characteristics - and social customs and beliefs of humankind.
anthropology
biology
ACTH
experimental psychologist
48. A microscopic gap between the terminal button of one neuron and the cell membrane of another neuron
Erik Erikson's
drive reduction
corticosteriods
synaptic cleft
49. The central focal point in the retina - around which the eye's cones cluster
proactive interference
experimental psychologist
abreaction
fovea
50. It adopts a holistic approach to human existence through investigations of meaning - values - freedom - tragedy - personal responsibility - human potential - spirituality - and self-actualization
Lev Vygotsky
drive reduction
psychoanalysis
humanistic