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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Intro To Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Stages of development - Stage 7 Caring - Generativity vs. Stagnation - early forties till mid sixties / starts as the Mid-life crisis. Measure accomplishments/failures. Am I satisfied or not? The need to assist the younger generation. Stagnation is
2. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'
psychoanalysis
cerebellum
criterion validity
Erik Erikson
3. Physiological needs drive an organism to act in either random or habitual ways
drive reduction
ACTH
cortisol
nonrepinephrine
4. Abbreviation for computerized axial tomography - uses a computer and a rotating x-ray device to create detailed - cross-sectional images - or slices - of organs and body parts
social psychologist
Meyer Friedman
babinksi reflex
CAT scan
5. A microscopic gap between the terminal button of one neuron and the cell membrane of another neuron
Sigmund Freud
synaptic cleft
neuroscientist
naturalistic observation
6. Behavioral approach - the attempt to relate overt (open to view or knowledge; not concealed or secret) responses to observable environmental stimuli (something that excites an organism or part to functional activity).
Sternberg's triangular view
information processing theory
psychological science
internal validity
7. A psychologist who uses psychological concepts to make the workplace a more satisfying environment for employees and managers
drive reduction
functional MRI
reinforcer
industrial-organizational psychologist
8. Created the Stages of Moral Development - relied for his studies on stories such as the Heinz dilemma - and was interested in how individuals would justify their actions if placed in similar moral dilemmas
humanistic
cognitive
criterion validity
Lawrence Kohlberg
9. Theory of child development included the Socratic method of questioning children by guiding them to reflect on their behavior. His emphasis on self-awareness and reflection has been adopted into school curricula and used to help students become criti
Jean Piaget
cognitive
social psychologist
hierarchy of needs
10. A schedule where reinforcement happens after a changing number of responses. Example gambling or sales
variable ratio
correlation
dopamine
limbic system
11. The extent to which data collected from a sample can be generalized to the entire population.
external validity
Humanism
carl jung
Stages of Moral Development
12. Anti adrenaline - affects neurons involved in increased heart rate and the slowing of intestinal activity during stress - and neurons involved in learning - memory - dreaming - waking from sleep - and emotion. increase arousal and boost mood-scarce d
Sigmund Freud
nonrepinephrine
reciprocal determinism
Erik Erikson's
13. Originating in or based on observation or experience
Hermann von Helmholtz
somatic nervous system
neurotransmitter
empirical evidence
14. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation
growth hormone
carl jung
experimental psychologist
Erik Erikson
15. Stroke bottom of the foot up and across by the toes and the toes fan out
variable ratio
case study
participant observation
babinksi reflex
16. ENCODE - STORE - RETRIEVE
Three phases of memory process
negative punishment
limbic system
Humanism
17. Of or pertaining to the mental processes of perception - memory - judgment - and reasoning - as contrasted with emotional and volitional processes
catecholamines
Erik Erikson's
sociology
cognitive
18. Stages of development - Stage 1 Hope - Basic Trust vs. Mistrust - Infant stage / 0-1 year. Does the child believe its caregivers to be reliable?
19. The appearance of things relative to one another as determined by their distance from the viewer
secondary reinforcer
babinksi reflex
linear perspective
Humanism
20. Classical conditioning. trained a dog to respond to the sound of a bell by pairing it up with food.
Meyer Friedman
Ivan Pavlov
growth hormone
humanistic
21. Situation in which previously learned information hinders the recall of information learned more recently
biology
dopamine
longitudinal study
proactive interference
22. An innately reinforcing stimulus - such as one that satisfies a biological need
empirical evidence
synaptic cleft
primary reinforcer
Erik Erikson's
23. Secreted from the adrenal cortex - aids the body during stress by increasing glucose levels
Parietal lobe
industrial-organizational psychologist
cortisol
longitudinal study
24. The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system
somatic nervous system
acetylcholine
ACTH
babinksi reflex
25. The study of the relationships among psychology - the nervous and endocrine systems - and the immune system.
biology
Jean Piaget
empirical evidence
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
26. Goals framed in terms of performing well in front of others - being judged favorably - and avoiding criticism
performance goals
shizophrenia
forgetting curve
Albert Bandura
27. The central focal point in the retina - around which the eye's cones cluster
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
psychological science
forgetting curve
fovea
28. The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied
performance goals
independent variable
external validity
retina
29. A negative condition is introduced to reduce a behavior.
Erik Erikson's
internal validity
concept
negative punishment
30. A process by which repressed material - particularly a painful experience or conflict is brought back to consciousness - in this process the person not only recalls - but also relived the repressed material - which is accompained by the appropriate a
abreaction
semantic memory
negative punishment
shizophrenia
31. A measure of how well the variables of one test (could be personality) measure the same things as the variables of a similar test.
Meyer Friedman
drive reduction
criterion validity
REM sleep
32. Technique of field research - used in anthropology and sociology - by which an investigator (participant observer) studies the life of a group by sharing in its activities
William James
participant observation
criterion validity
growth hormone
33. The part of declarative memory that stores general information such as names and facts.
Lev Vygotsky
semantic memory
opponent-process theory
Ivan Pavlov
34. Founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment; wrote first psychology textbook - The Principles of Psychology
drive reduction
forgetting curve
William James
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
35. In psychoanalytic theory - the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts - feelings - and memories
corticosteriods
Repression
displacement
nonrepinephrine
36. Reciprocal action - effect - or influence.
anonymity
ACTH
information processing theory
interaction
37. Rapid low-amplitude waves. less prevalent in adults
independent variable
John Bowlby
REM sleep
cortisol
38. Sensorimotor - birth to language - Preoperational - 2-7 - Concrete Operational - 7 - 11 - Formal Operational 11 - Adult Abstract Thoughts
39. Stages of development - Stage 5 Fidelity - Identity vs. Role Confusion - Adolescent / 12 years till mid twenties. Questioning of self. Who am I - how do I fit in? Where am I going in life? Erikson believes that if the parents allow the child to exp
40. Findings that provide a multilayered - comprehensive understanding of human behavior. Ex. study of stress and human response has to be done from a biological - social and cognitive perspective.
Sternberg's triangular view
independent variable
opponent-process theory
significant psychological research
41. Helps the body process new information by adapting to old stimuli and making space for new ones
sensory adaptation
occipital lobe
criterion validity
acetylcholine
42. A hormone released by the pituitary gland of the brain during childbirth - breastfeeding - and intercourse - causing emotional bonding between persons in whom it is released
oxytocin
cerebellum
biology
altruism
43. Simultaneous color contrast: an effect that occurs when surrounding an area with a color changes the appearence of the surrounded area. - the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green - yellow-blue - white-black) enable color vision. For exam
primary reinforcer
opponent-process theory
shizophrenia
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
44. The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body - conserving its energy.
cognitive
drive reduction
William James
parasympathetic nervous system
45. Stages of development - Stage 3 Purpose - Initiative vs. Guilt - Preschool / 3-6 years - Can the child plan or do things on his own - such as dress him or herself. If 'guilty' about making his or her own choices - the child will not function well. E
46. (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that transfers affect or reaction from the original object to some more acceptable one
displacement
experimental research
social psychologist
information processing theory
47. The first person to study memory scientifically and systematically; used nonsense syllables and recorded how many times he had to study a list to remember it well
variable ratio
REM sleep
concept
Hermann Ebbinghaus
48. Natural - opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure
opponent-process theory
endorphins
Wilhelm Wundt
performance goals
49. Inferences are said to possess internal validity if a causal relation between two variables is properly demonstrated.
internal validity
synaptic cleft
experimental research
primary reinforcer
50. Severe mental illness characterized by auditory hallucinations - paranoia and an inability to distinguish reality from fiction
ACTH
psychological science
shizophrenia
Hermann von Helmholtz