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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Intro To Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The aggregate (sum or assemblage of many separate units; sum total) of responses to internal and external stimuli.
behavior
ACTH
Erik Erikson's
fovea
2. Process in which cells become specialized in structure and function.
Humanism
differentiation
neurotransmitter
displacement
3. A schedule where reinforcement happens after a changing number of responses. Example gambling or sales
psychodynamic
endorphins
central nervous system
variable ratio
4. Stages of development - Stage 6 Love (in intimate relationships - work and family) - Intimacy vs. Isolation - Young adult / mid twenties till early forties. Who do I want to be with or date - what am I going to do with my life? Will I settle down?
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5. Technique of field research - used in anthropology and sociology - by which an investigator (participant observer) studies the life of a group by sharing in its activities
participant observation
Three phases of memory process
Erik Erikson's
external validity
6. Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; visual areas
sociology
significant psychological research
Hermann von Helmholtz
occipital lobe
7. The process through which the body absorbs social stress and manifests symptoms of suffering; also called embodiment
frontal lobe
neurotransmitter
Hermann von Helmholtz
somatization
8. Adrenal glands secerets this to activate various organs that results in a phyiscal stress response
central nervous system
catecholamines
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
anthropology
9. A microscopic gap between the terminal button of one neuron and the cell membrane of another neuron
placebo effect
synaptic cleft
functional MRI
Lev Vygotsky
10. ENCODE - STORE - RETRIEVE
sensory adaptation
Three phases of memory process
Sternberg's triangular view
experimental research
11. Goals framed in terms of increasing ones competence and skills
displacement
differentiation
Three phases of memory process
mastery goals
12. Situation in which previously learned information hinders the recall of information learned more recently
fixed ratio
carl jung
drive reduction
proactive interference
13. Founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment; wrote first psychology textbook - The Principles of Psychology
neurotransmitter
William James
displacement
John Bowlby
14. Physiological needs drive an organism to act in either random or habitual ways
John Bowlby
somatic nervous system
drive reduction
Abraham Maslow
15. Any clinical approach to personality - as Freud's - that sees personality as the result of a dynamic interplay of conscious and unconscious factors.
limbic system
case study
B.F. Skinner
psychodynamic
16. Portion posterior to the frontal lobe - responsible for sensations such as pain - temperature - and touch
reciprocal determinism
secondary reinforcer
parietal lobe
Erik Erikson's
17. Theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment
functionalism
synaptic cleft
participant observation
reciprocal determinism
18. A mutual or reciprocal relationship between two or more things
abreaction
sociology
correlation
hierarchy of needs
19. Act on the immune system to suppress the body's response to infection or trauma. Relieve inflammation - reduce swelling - and suppress symptoms in acute conditions
Erik Erikson's
introspection
corticosteriods
psychological science
20. The science of life or living matter in all its forms and phenomena - especially with reference to origin - growth - reproduction - structure - and behavior.
biology
avoidance-avoidance conflict
shizophrenia
anthropology
21. Findings that provide a multilayered - comprehensive understanding of human behavior. Ex. study of stress and human response has to be done from a biological - social and cognitive perspective.
social psychologist
Stockholm syndrome
significant psychological research
Three phases of memory process
22. (psychology) a stimulus that strengthens or weakens the behavior that produced it
performance goals
behavior
hierarchy of needs
reinforcer
23. Theory of child development included the Socratic method of questioning children by guiding them to reflect on their behavior. His emphasis on self-awareness and reflection has been adopted into school curricula and used to help students become criti
deduction
Jean Piaget
oxytocin
Sternberg's triangular view
24. (1821-1894) Emphasized a mechanistic and deterministic approach - assuming human sense organs functioned like machines - Neural Impulse: studied reaction times for sensory nerves in humans - demonstrated that speed of conduction was not instantaneous
hierarchy of needs
participant observation
psychodynamic
Hermann von Helmholtz
25. Focused on child psychoanalysis - fully developed defense mechanisms - emphasized importance of the ego and its constant struggle
oxytocin
Anna Freud
linear perspective
anonymity
26. A doughnut-shaped system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions such as fear and aggression and drives such as those for food and sex. Includes the hippocampus - amygdala - and hypothala
limbic system
criterion validity
oxytocin
neuroscientist
27. Stages of development - Stage 4 Competence - Industry vs. Inferiority - School-age / 6-11. Child comparing self worth to others (such as in a classroom environment). Child can recognize major disparities in personal abilities relative to other chil
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28. Helps the body process new information by adapting to old stimuli and making space for new ones
humanistic
cerebellum
algorithm
sensory adaptation
29. Sensorimotor - birth to language - Preoperational - 2-7 - Concrete Operational - 7 - 11 - Formal Operational 11 - Adult Abstract Thoughts
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30. Substance secreted by the anterior pituitary; controls size of an individual by promoting cell division - protein synthesis - and bone growth
growth hormone
criterion validity
synaptic cleft
Hermann von Helmholtz
31. Abbreviation for computerized axial tomography - uses a computer and a rotating x-ray device to create detailed - cross-sectional images - or slices - of organs and body parts
social psychologist
CAT scan
opponent-process theory
experimental research
32. A negative condition is introduced to reduce a behavior.
limbic system
negative punishment
oxytocin
experimental psychologist
33. The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body - mobilizing its energy in stressful situations. Also called a fight or flight response.
avoidance-avoidance conflict
naturalistic observation
REM sleep
sympathetic nervous system
34. Personal Construct Psychology. investigative technique - which would remove the influence of the observer's frame of reference on what was observed. he believed (personal construct theory) our personality consists of our thoughts about ourselves - in
Erik Erikson's
synaptic cleft
Sigmund Freud
George Kelly
35. The first person to study memory scientifically and systematically; used nonsense syllables and recorded how many times he had to study a list to remember it well
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Erik Erikson's
B.F. Skinner
Erik Erikson's
36. Created the Stages of Moral Development - relied for his studies on stories such as the Heinz dilemma - and was interested in how individuals would justify their actions if placed in similar moral dilemmas
Lawrence Kohlberg
empirical evidence
Erik Erikson's
parietal lobe
37. Mental categories that help our brains group objects that have common properties.
concept
cross-sectional study
accomodation
biology
38. Observing subjects in their natural environment with no attempts at intervention on the part of the researcher.
frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
corticosteriods
naturalistic observation
39. Austrian neurologist who originated psychoanalysis (1856-1939); Said that human behavior is irrational; behavior is the outcome of conflict between the id (irrational unconscious driven by sexual - aggressive - and pleasure-seeking desires) and ego (
algorithm
Sigmund Freud
Humanism
Erik Erikson's
40. The study of the relationships among psychology - the nervous and endocrine systems - and the immune system.
case study
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
growth hormone
reinforcer
41. Three facets: intimacy - commitment - and passion.
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42. Level 1 (Pre-Conventional) 1. Obedience and punishment orientation (How can I avoid punishment?) 2. Self-interest orientation (What's in it for me? Paying for a benefit.) - Level 2 (Conventional) 3. Interpersonal accord and conformity (Social norms -
retina
Stages of Moral Development
George Kelly
cerebellum
43. Study of the brain interested in the biological bases of human disorders such as Parkinson's and Huntington's. Neuroscience is a branch of research that is concerned with the underlying physical changes that accompany brain disorders
neuroscientist
Erik Erikson
Sigmund Freud
shizophrenia
44. The science that deals with the origins - physical and cultural development - biological characteristics - and social customs and beliefs of humankind.
introspection
anthropology
opponent-process theory
limbic system
45. The appearance of things relative to one another as determined by their distance from the viewer
frontal lobe
John Locke
abreaction
linear perspective
46. The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body - conserving its energy.
accomodation
Gordon Allport
parasympathetic nervous system
acetylcholine
47. Stroke bottom of the foot up and across by the toes and the toes fan out
Erik Erikson's
REM sleep
babinksi reflex
argument by evidence
48. The light-sensitive inner surface of the eye - containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information
B.F. Skinner
parietal lobe
retina
deduction
49. Goals framed in terms of performing well in front of others - being judged favorably - and avoiding criticism
functional MRI
performance goals
somatic nervous system
linear perspective
50. English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704)
Erik Erikson's
negative punishment
John Locke
industrial-organizational psychologist