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CLEP Intro To Psychology

Subjects : clep, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1896-1934; russian developmental psychologist who emphasized the role of the social environment on cognitive development and proposed the idea of zones of proximal development. GUIDED PARTICIPATION - Children's interaction with knowledgeable adults o






2. ENCODE - STORE - RETRIEVE






3. The state of being anonymous






4. Behavioral approach - the attempt to relate overt (open to view or knowledge; not concealed or secret) responses to observable environmental stimuli (something that excites an organism or part to functional activity).






5. A mutual or reciprocal relationship between two or more things






6. A psychologist who studies sensation - perception - learning - motivation - and emotion in carefully controlled laboratory conditions






7. The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable






8. The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system






9. Any of several chemical substances - as epinephrine or acetylcholine - that transmit nerve impulses across a synapse to a postsynaptic element - as another nerve - muscle - or gland.






10. Researcher who pioneered the development of type A (high achieving - multi-taskers who are always very stressed and in a hurry.) and type B (easy going relaxed and not always in a hurry.) personality types based on how well they respond to the multip






11. One of the earliest psychologists in America who undertook a rigorous and structures approach to studying personality. He identified the idiographic and nomothetic views to personality.






12. Helps the body process new information by adapting to old stimuli and making space for new ones






13. A measure of how well the variables of one test (could be personality) measure the same things as the variables of a similar test.






14. Inferences are said to possess internal validity if a causal relation between two variables is properly demonstrated.






15. Goals framed in terms of performing well in front of others - being judged favorably - and avoiding criticism






16. Stages of development - Stage 8 Wisdom - Ego Integrity vs. Despair - old age / from mid sixties. Some handle death well. Some can be bitter - unhappy - and/or dissatisfied with what they have accomplished or failed to accomplish within their lifetim

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17. Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition - which is assumed to be an active agent






18. Stages of development - Stage 6 Love (in intimate relationships - work and family) - Intimacy vs. Isolation - Young adult / mid twenties till early forties. Who do I want to be with or date - what am I going to do with my life? Will I settle down?

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19. Stroke bottom of the foot up and across by the toes and the toes fan out






20. Stages of development - Stage 4 Competence - Industry vs. Inferiority - School-age / 6-11. Child comparing self worth to others (such as in a classroom environment). Child can recognize major disparities in personal abilities relative to other chil

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21. Simultaneous color contrast: an effect that occurs when surrounding an area with a color changes the appearence of the surrounded area. - the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green - yellow-blue - white-black) enable color vision. For exam






22. Observing subjects in their natural environment with no attempts at intervention on the part of the researcher.






23. Personal Construct Psychology. investigative technique - which would remove the influence of the observer's frame of reference on what was observed. he believed (personal construct theory) our personality consists of our thoughts about ourselves - in






24. The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied






25. Theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment






26. The adjustment of one's schemas to include newly observed events and experiences






27. It is a collection of research designs which use manipulation and controlled testing to understand causal processes. Generally - one or more variables are manipulated to determine their effect on a dependent variable






28. A therapist who deals with mental and emotional disorders






29. A microscopic gap between the terminal button of one neuron and the cell membrane of another neuron






30. Secreted from the adrenal cortex - aids the body during stress by increasing glucose levels






31. Allows researchers to scan areas of the brain while a participant performs a physical or cognitive task






32. Pioneer in observational learning (AKA social learning) - stated that people profit from the mistakes/successes of others; Studies: Bobo Dolls-adults demonstrated 'appropriate' play with dolls - children mimicked play






33. The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body - conserving its energy.






34. Situation in which previously learned information hinders the recall of information learned more recently






35. Describes a schedule of reinforcement wherein a worker is paid for a certain sum for each product produced






36. A study of an individual unit - as a person - family - or social group - usually emphasizing developmental issues and relationships with the environment - especially in order to compare a larger group to the individual unit.






37. A schedule where reinforcement happens after a changing number of responses. Example gambling or sales






38. Stages of development - Stage 3 Purpose - Initiative vs. Guilt - Preschool / 3-6 years - Can the child plan or do things on his own - such as dress him or herself. If 'guilty' about making his or her own choices - the child will not function well. E

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39. The science of life or living matter in all its forms and phenomena - especially with reference to origin - growth - reproduction - structure - and behavior.






40. Any reinforcer that becomes reinforcing after being paired with a primary reinforcer - such as praise - tokens - or gold stars






41. The quality of unselfish concern for the welfare of others






42. Research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period






43. The central focal point in the retina - around which the eye's cones cluster






44. In psychoanalytic theory - the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts - feelings - and memories






45. Accepted Freud's basic ideas - but doubted sex was all-consuming and gave more credit to consciousness and childhood






46. Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions






47. An innately reinforcing stimulus - such as one that satisfies a biological need






48. Any clinical approach to personality - as Freud's - that sees personality as the result of a dynamic interplay of conscious and unconscious factors.






49. The part of declarative memory that stores general information such as names and facts.






50. Stages of development - Stage 1 Hope - Basic Trust vs. Mistrust - Infant stage / 0-1 year. Does the child believe its caregivers to be reliable?

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