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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Intro To Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Theory of child development included the Socratic method of questioning children by guiding them to reflect on their behavior. His emphasis on self-awareness and reflection has been adopted into school curricula and used to help students become criti
Jean Piaget
external validity
central nervous system
fovea
2. An innately reinforcing stimulus - such as one that satisfies a biological need
George Kelly
nonrepinephrine
Lev Vygotsky
primary reinforcer
3. Research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period
longitudinal study
sensory adaptation
limbic system
somatization
4. A negative condition is introduced to reduce a behavior.
dependent variable
negative punishment
case study
clinical psychologist
5. Describes a schedule of reinforcement wherein a worker is paid for a certain sum for each product produced
Erik Erikson's
fixed ratio
limbic system
CAT scan
6. The first person to study memory scientifically and systematically; used nonsense syllables and recorded how many times he had to study a list to remember it well
ACTH
criterion validity
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Hermann von Helmholtz
7. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation
somatization
Repression
carl jung
criterion validity
8. The state of being anonymous
shizophrenia
absolute threshold
anonymity
Erik Erikson's
9. One of the earliest psychologists in America who undertook a rigorous and structures approach to studying personality. He identified the idiographic and nomothetic views to personality.
John Bowlby
Gordon Allport
oxytocin
growth hormone
10. The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body - conserving its energy.
social psychologist
parasympathetic nervous system
John Bowlby
cross-sectional study
11. Austrian neurologist who originated psychoanalysis (1856-1939); Said that human behavior is irrational; behavior is the outcome of conflict between the id (irrational unconscious driven by sexual - aggressive - and pleasure-seeking desires) and ego (
Erik Erikson's
differentiation
Sigmund Freud
Three phases of memory process
12. Created the Stages of Moral Development - relied for his studies on stories such as the Heinz dilemma - and was interested in how individuals would justify their actions if placed in similar moral dilemmas
Sternberg's triangular view
George Kelly
social psychologist
Lawrence Kohlberg
13. Any clinical approach to personality - as Freud's - that sees personality as the result of a dynamic interplay of conscious and unconscious factors.
psychodynamic
Erik Erikson's
sociology
drive reduction
14. The part of declarative memory that stores general information such as names and facts.
semantic memory
Erik Erikson's
social psychologist
forgetting curve
15. In psychoanalytic theory - the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts - feelings - and memories
Erik Erikson's
functional MRI
Repression
differentiation
16. (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that transfers affect or reaction from the original object to some more acceptable one
babinksi reflex
somatization
George Kelly
displacement
17. The 'little brain' attached to the rear of the brainstem; its functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance
John Locke
dependent variable
Gordon Allport
cerebellum
18. Stages of development - Stage 8 Wisdom - Ego Integrity vs. Despair - old age / from mid sixties. Some handle death well. Some can be bitter - unhappy - and/or dissatisfied with what they have accomplished or failed to accomplish within their lifetim
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19. A methodical - logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem
Wilhelm Wundt
babinksi reflex
algorithm
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
20. Maslow's pyramid of human needs - beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active - Maslow's Theory of Motivation which states that we must achiev
anthropology
hierarchy of needs
Erik Erikson's
somatization
21. Portion posterior to the frontal lobe - responsible for sensations such as pain - temperature - and touch
parietal lobe
carl jung
neofreudian
forgetting curve
22. Pioneer in observational learning (AKA social learning) - stated that people profit from the mistakes/successes of others; Studies: Bobo Dolls-adults demonstrated 'appropriate' play with dolls - children mimicked play
experimental psychologist
sensory adaptation
secondary reinforcer
Albert Bandura
23. Portion behind to the frontal lobe - responsible for sensations such as pain - temperature - and touch
variable ratio
Parietal lobe
proactive interference
Repression
24. The appearance of things relative to one another as determined by their distance from the viewer
linear perspective
retina
Hermann Ebbinghaus
external validity
25. Stages of development - Stage 4 Competence - Industry vs. Inferiority - School-age / 6-11. Child comparing self worth to others (such as in a classroom environment). Child can recognize major disparities in personal abilities relative to other chil
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26. (psychology) a stimulus that strengthens or weakens the behavior that produced it
parasympathetic nervous system
reinforcer
drive reduction
Anna Freud
27. A school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt - survive - and flourish.
functionalism
acetylcholine
absolute threshold
reciprocal determinism
28. The quality of unselfish concern for the welfare of others
naturalistic observation
Stages of Moral Development
Erik Erikson's
altruism
29. The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system
John Locke
somatic nervous system
linear perspective
nonrepinephrine
30. A measure of how well the variables of one test (could be personality) measure the same things as the variables of a similar test.
Erik Erikson's
criterion validity
Erik Erikson's
Meyer Friedman
31. Images are flashed to the left visual fields (therefore the right hemisphere) and individual cannot name object - but can locate it. Images are flashed to the right visual fields (therefore the left hemisphere) and individual can name object.
split brain study
argument by evidence
sensory adaptation
proactive interference
32. Founded by Hermann Ebbinghaus. displays retention of information and forgetting over time. conclusions to this were that most forgetting happens right after learning something. this was modified to that forgetting doesn't occur that quickly if the su
Anna Freud
forgetting curve
behavior
humanistic
33. Level 1 (Pre-Conventional) 1. Obedience and punishment orientation (How can I avoid punishment?) 2. Self-interest orientation (What's in it for me? Paying for a benefit.) - Level 2 (Conventional) 3. Interpersonal accord and conformity (Social norms -
synaptic cleft
significant psychological research
neuroscientist
Stages of Moral Development
34. Founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment; wrote first psychology textbook - The Principles of Psychology
case study
Stockholm syndrome
information processing theory
William James
35. Observation or examination of one's own mental and emotional state - mental processes - etc.; the act of looking within oneself.
corticosteriods
significant psychological research
introspection
psychodynamic
36. A 'SNAPSHOT' of a phenomenon such as cancer rate. a number of variables affect one another in a single point in time.
hierarchy of needs
retina
neuroscientist
cross-sectional study
37. Process in which cells become specialized in structure and function.
REM sleep
Wilhelm Wundt
fixed ratio
differentiation
38. The science of life or living matter in all its forms and phenomena - especially with reference to origin - growth - reproduction - structure - and behavior.
sensory adaptation
behavior
biology
drive reduction
39. It adopts a holistic approach to human existence through investigations of meaning - values - freedom - tragedy - personal responsibility - human potential - spirituality - and self-actualization
John Bowlby
humanistic
participant observation
endorphins
40. Mental categories that help our brains group objects that have common properties.
synaptic cleft
Humanism
concept
proactive interference
41. Stages of development - Stage 1 Hope - Basic Trust vs. Mistrust - Infant stage / 0-1 year. Does the child believe its caregivers to be reliable?
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42. Reciprocal action - effect - or influence.
carl jung
opponent-process theory
information processing theory
interaction
43. Allows researchers to scan areas of the brain while a participant performs a physical or cognitive task
frontal lobe
Erik Erikson's
functional MRI
Hermann von Helmholtz
44. A microscopic gap between the terminal button of one neuron and the cell membrane of another neuron
Erik Erikson's
synaptic cleft
hierarchy of needs
Gordon Allport
45. A psychologist who studies sensation - perception - learning - motivation - and emotion in carefully controlled laboratory conditions
experimental psychologist
parietal lobe
neurotransmitter
mastery goals
46. Theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment
secondary reinforcer
reciprocal determinism
Erik Erikson's
William James
47. Created the 'hierarchy of needs -'--physiological needs - safety & security - love & belonging - self-esteem - self-actualization.
nonrepinephrine
Hermann von Helmholtz
Abraham Maslow
central nervous system
48. Behavioral approach - the attempt to relate overt (open to view or knowledge; not concealed or secret) responses to observable environmental stimuli (something that excites an organism or part to functional activity).
occipital lobe
psychological science
fovea
algorithm
49. The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body - mobilizing its energy in stressful situations. Also called a fight or flight response.
internal validity
sympathetic nervous system
secondary reinforcer
ACTH
50. Part of the cerebral cortex; coordinates messages from other cerebral lobes; involved in complex problem-solving tasks - thinking - self-control - judgment - emotion regulation - personality affects - concentration - goal directed behavior; restructu
cognitive
Parietal lobe
hierarchy of needs
frontal lobe