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CLEP Intro To Psychology

Subjects : clep, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Considered the Father of modern psychology; study of mental processes - introspection - and self-exam; established the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig - Germany






2. Pioneer in observational learning (AKA social learning) - stated that people profit from the mistakes/successes of others; Studies: Bobo Dolls-adults demonstrated 'appropriate' play with dolls - children mimicked play






3. Stages of development - Stage 1 Hope - Basic Trust vs. Mistrust - Infant stage / 0-1 year. Does the child believe its caregivers to be reliable?

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4. Stages of development - Stage 4 Competence - Industry vs. Inferiority - School-age / 6-11. Child comparing self worth to others (such as in a classroom environment). Child can recognize major disparities in personal abilities relative to other chil

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5. Any clinical approach to personality - as Freud's - that sees personality as the result of a dynamic interplay of conscious and unconscious factors.






6. A 'SNAPSHOT' of a phenomenon such as cancer rate. a number of variables affect one another in a single point in time.






7. Technique of field research - used in anthropology and sociology - by which an investigator (participant observer) studies the life of a group by sharing in its activities






8. (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that transfers affect or reaction from the original object to some more acceptable one






9. Stages of development - Stage 2 Will - Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - Toddler stage / 1-3 years. Child needs to learn to explore the world. Bad if the parent is too smothering or completely neglectful.

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10. Any of several chemical substances - as epinephrine or acetylcholine - that transmit nerve impulses across a synapse to a postsynaptic element - as another nerve - muscle - or gland.






11. The central focal point in the retina - around which the eye's cones cluster






12. Created the Stages of Moral Development - relied for his studies on stories such as the Heinz dilemma - and was interested in how individuals would justify their actions if placed in similar moral dilemmas






13. Goals framed in terms of increasing ones competence and skills






14. Substance secreted by the anterior pituitary; controls size of an individual by promoting cell division - protein synthesis - and bone growth






15. A microscopic gap between the terminal button of one neuron and the cell membrane of another neuron






16. The quality of unselfish concern for the welfare of others






17. It adopts a holistic approach to human existence through investigations of meaning - values - freedom - tragedy - personal responsibility - human potential - spirituality - and self-actualization






18. Describes a schedule of reinforcement wherein a worker is paid for a certain sum for each product produced






19. One of the earliest psychologists in America who undertook a rigorous and structures approach to studying personality. He identified the idiographic and nomothetic views to personality.






20. Adrenal glands secerets this to activate various organs that results in a phyiscal stress response






21. In psychoanalytic theory - the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts - feelings - and memories






22. The process through which the body absorbs social stress and manifests symptoms of suffering; also called embodiment






23. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






24. Created the 'hierarchy of needs -'--physiological needs - safety & security - love & belonging - self-esteem - self-actualization.






25. Severe mental illness characterized by auditory hallucinations - paranoia and an inability to distinguish reality from fiction






26. Stages of development - Stage 6 Love (in intimate relationships - work and family) - Intimacy vs. Isolation - Young adult / mid twenties till early forties. Who do I want to be with or date - what am I going to do with my life? Will I settle down?

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27. Theory states that the acquisitiion of new knowledge and behaviors is central to human development. Was a pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. he is famous fo






28. The appearance of things relative to one another as determined by their distance from the viewer






29. The science of life or living matter in all its forms and phenomena - especially with reference to origin - growth - reproduction - structure - and behavior.






30. Situation in which previously learned information hinders the recall of information learned more recently






31. Stages of development - Stage 3 Purpose - Initiative vs. Guilt - Preschool / 3-6 years - Can the child plan or do things on his own - such as dress him or herself. If 'guilty' about making his or her own choices - the child will not function well. E

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32. A negative condition is introduced to reduce a behavior.






33. The adjustment of one's schemas to include newly observed events and experiences






34. Theory of child development included the Socratic method of questioning children by guiding them to reflect on their behavior. His emphasis on self-awareness and reflection has been adopted into school curricula and used to help students become criti






35. Inferences are said to possess internal validity if a causal relation between two variables is properly demonstrated.






36. Natural - opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure






37. Simultaneous color contrast: an effect that occurs when surrounding an area with a color changes the appearence of the surrounded area. - the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green - yellow-blue - white-black) enable color vision. For exam






38. 1896-1934; russian developmental psychologist who emphasized the role of the social environment on cognitive development and proposed the idea of zones of proximal development. GUIDED PARTICIPATION - Children's interaction with knowledgeable adults o






39. Behavioral approach - the attempt to relate overt (open to view or knowledge; not concealed or secret) responses to observable environmental stimuli (something that excites an organism or part to functional activity).






40. A systematic method of deriving conclusions that cannot be false when the premises are true - esp one amenable to formalization and study by the science of logic






41. The extent to which data collected from a sample can be generalized to the entire population.






42. Adrenocorticotropic hormone - produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex regulates the production of cortisol(steriod hormone) from anterior pituitary






43. Three facets: intimacy - commitment - and passion.

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44. Founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment; wrote first psychology textbook - The Principles of Psychology






45. The science that deals with the origins - physical and cultural development - biological characteristics - and social customs and beliefs of humankind.






46. Sensorimotor - birth to language - Preoperational - 2-7 - Concrete Operational - 7 - 11 - Formal Operational 11 - Adult Abstract Thoughts

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47. Research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period






48. A study of an individual unit - as a person - family - or social group - usually emphasizing developmental issues and relationships with the environment - especially in order to compare a larger group to the individual unit.






49. Originating in or based on observation or experience






50. The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body - conserving its energy.