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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Intro To Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1896-1934; russian developmental psychologist who emphasized the role of the social environment on cognitive development and proposed the idea of zones of proximal development. GUIDED PARTICIPATION - Children's interaction with knowledgeable adults o
catecholamines
Stages of Moral Development
Lev Vygotsky
internal validity
2. ENCODE - STORE - RETRIEVE
Three phases of memory process
babinksi reflex
longitudinal study
Humanism
3. The state of being anonymous
Wilhelm Wundt
correlation
hierarchy of needs
anonymity
4. Behavioral approach - the attempt to relate overt (open to view or knowledge; not concealed or secret) responses to observable environmental stimuli (something that excites an organism or part to functional activity).
psychological science
William James
Erik Erikson's
dependent variable
5. A mutual or reciprocal relationship between two or more things
Erik Erikson's
proactive interference
absolute threshold
correlation
6. A psychologist who studies sensation - perception - learning - motivation - and emotion in carefully controlled laboratory conditions
parasympathetic nervous system
acetylcholine
Lev Vygotsky
experimental psychologist
7. The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable
Sigmund Freud
dependent variable
argument by evidence
behavior
8. The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system
variable ratio
Wilhelm Wundt
somatic nervous system
retina
9. Any of several chemical substances - as epinephrine or acetylcholine - that transmit nerve impulses across a synapse to a postsynaptic element - as another nerve - muscle - or gland.
longitudinal study
neurotransmitter
industrial-organizational psychologist
parietal lobe
10. Researcher who pioneered the development of type A (high achieving - multi-taskers who are always very stressed and in a hurry.) and type B (easy going relaxed and not always in a hurry.) personality types based on how well they respond to the multip
Erik Erikson
sympathetic nervous system
absolute threshold
Meyer Friedman
11. One of the earliest psychologists in America who undertook a rigorous and structures approach to studying personality. He identified the idiographic and nomothetic views to personality.
somatic nervous system
information processing theory
Gordon Allport
neofreudian
12. Helps the body process new information by adapting to old stimuli and making space for new ones
Sternberg's triangular view
cerebellum
sensory adaptation
semantic memory
13. A measure of how well the variables of one test (could be personality) measure the same things as the variables of a similar test.
epinephrine
CAT scan
criterion validity
longitudinal study
14. Inferences are said to possess internal validity if a causal relation between two variables is properly demonstrated.
Abraham Maslow
cerebellum
internal validity
synaptic cleft
15. Goals framed in terms of performing well in front of others - being judged favorably - and avoiding criticism
Gordon Allport
performance goals
case study
Lawrence Kohlberg
16. Stages of development - Stage 8 Wisdom - Ego Integrity vs. Despair - old age / from mid sixties. Some handle death well. Some can be bitter - unhappy - and/or dissatisfied with what they have accomplished or failed to accomplish within their lifetim
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17. Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition - which is assumed to be an active agent
etiology
Albert Bandura
placebo effect
dopamine
18. Stages of development - Stage 6 Love (in intimate relationships - work and family) - Intimacy vs. Isolation - Young adult / mid twenties till early forties. Who do I want to be with or date - what am I going to do with my life? Will I settle down?
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19. Stroke bottom of the foot up and across by the toes and the toes fan out
babinksi reflex
abreaction
anthropology
experimental research
20. Stages of development - Stage 4 Competence - Industry vs. Inferiority - School-age / 6-11. Child comparing self worth to others (such as in a classroom environment). Child can recognize major disparities in personal abilities relative to other chil
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21. Simultaneous color contrast: an effect that occurs when surrounding an area with a color changes the appearence of the surrounded area. - the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green - yellow-blue - white-black) enable color vision. For exam
oxytocin
Ivan Pavlov
opponent-process theory
accomodation
22. Observing subjects in their natural environment with no attempts at intervention on the part of the researcher.
Stockholm syndrome
introspection
naturalistic observation
hierarchy of needs
23. Personal Construct Psychology. investigative technique - which would remove the influence of the observer's frame of reference on what was observed. he believed (personal construct theory) our personality consists of our thoughts about ourselves - in
George Kelly
Stages of Moral Development
CAT scan
deduction
24. The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied
placebo effect
psychoanalysis
Repression
independent variable
25. Theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment
reciprocal determinism
somatization
primary reinforcer
psychoanalysis
26. The adjustment of one's schemas to include newly observed events and experiences
accomodation
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
babinksi reflex
William James
27. It is a collection of research designs which use manipulation and controlled testing to understand causal processes. Generally - one or more variables are manipulated to determine their effect on a dependent variable
Piaget's theory of child cognitive development 4 stages
Erik Erikson
parasympathetic nervous system
experimental research
28. A therapist who deals with mental and emotional disorders
negative punishment
clinical psychologist
anthropology
internal validity
29. A microscopic gap between the terminal button of one neuron and the cell membrane of another neuron
B.F. Skinner
Three phases of memory process
synaptic cleft
somatic nervous system
30. Secreted from the adrenal cortex - aids the body during stress by increasing glucose levels
cortisol
primary reinforcer
naturalistic observation
participant observation
31. Allows researchers to scan areas of the brain while a participant performs a physical or cognitive task
functional MRI
experimental research
growth hormone
cross-sectional study
32. Pioneer in observational learning (AKA social learning) - stated that people profit from the mistakes/successes of others; Studies: Bobo Dolls-adults demonstrated 'appropriate' play with dolls - children mimicked play
introspection
participant observation
John Locke
Albert Bandura
33. The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body - conserving its energy.
case study
shizophrenia
correlation
parasympathetic nervous system
34. Situation in which previously learned information hinders the recall of information learned more recently
proactive interference
Stages of Moral Development
anonymity
Humanism
35. Describes a schedule of reinforcement wherein a worker is paid for a certain sum for each product produced
fixed ratio
William James
Erik Erikson
REM sleep
36. A study of an individual unit - as a person - family - or social group - usually emphasizing developmental issues and relationships with the environment - especially in order to compare a larger group to the individual unit.
Parietal lobe
case study
Wilhelm Wundt
variable ratio
37. A schedule where reinforcement happens after a changing number of responses. Example gambling or sales
endorphins
variable ratio
CAT scan
semantic memory
38. Stages of development - Stage 3 Purpose - Initiative vs. Guilt - Preschool / 3-6 years - Can the child plan or do things on his own - such as dress him or herself. If 'guilty' about making his or her own choices - the child will not function well. E
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39. The science of life or living matter in all its forms and phenomena - especially with reference to origin - growth - reproduction - structure - and behavior.
industrial-organizational psychologist
central nervous system
biology
occipital lobe
40. Any reinforcer that becomes reinforcing after being paired with a primary reinforcer - such as praise - tokens - or gold stars
secondary reinforcer
neurotransmitter
psychological science
dopamine
41. The quality of unselfish concern for the welfare of others
altruism
CAT scan
sociology
John Bowlby
42. Research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period
linear perspective
longitudinal study
mastery goals
Stockholm syndrome
43. The central focal point in the retina - around which the eye's cones cluster
fovea
cerebellum
placebo effect
endorphins
44. In psychoanalytic theory - the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts - feelings - and memories
endorphins
reciprocal determinism
Ivan Pavlov
Repression
45. Accepted Freud's basic ideas - but doubted sex was all-consuming and gave more credit to consciousness and childhood
neofreudian
Abraham Maslow
external validity
independent variable
46. Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions
psychoanalysis
performance goals
Meyer Friedman
dependent variable
47. An innately reinforcing stimulus - such as one that satisfies a biological need
primary reinforcer
behavior
epinephrine
Gordon Allport
48. Any clinical approach to personality - as Freud's - that sees personality as the result of a dynamic interplay of conscious and unconscious factors.
Stages of Moral Development
Lev Vygotsky
Erik Erikson
psychodynamic
49. The part of declarative memory that stores general information such as names and facts.
humanistic
semantic memory
Hermann Ebbinghaus
cortisol
50. Stages of development - Stage 1 Hope - Basic Trust vs. Mistrust - Infant stage / 0-1 year. Does the child believe its caregivers to be reliable?
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