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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Intro To Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Act on the immune system to suppress the body's response to infection or trauma. Relieve inflammation - reduce swelling - and suppress symptoms in acute conditions
Erik Erikson's
empirical evidence
absolute threshold
corticosteriods
2. (psychology) a stimulus that strengthens or weakens the behavior that produced it
reinforcer
participant observation
variable ratio
reciprocal determinism
3. The first person to study memory scientifically and systematically; used nonsense syllables and recorded how many times he had to study a list to remember it well
variable ratio
fovea
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Humanism
4. The light-sensitive inner surface of the eye - containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information
retina
oxytocin
correlation
Jean Piaget
5. Stages of development - Stage 1 Hope - Basic Trust vs. Mistrust - Infant stage / 0-1 year. Does the child believe its caregivers to be reliable?
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6. A mutual or reciprocal relationship between two or more things
opponent-process theory
longitudinal study
correlation
parasympathetic nervous system
7. Portion posterior to the frontal lobe - responsible for sensations such as pain - temperature - and touch
somatization
parietal lobe
Erik Erikson
primary reinforcer
8. Describes a schedule of reinforcement wherein a worker is paid for a certain sum for each product produced
B.F. Skinner
reinforcer
linear perspective
fixed ratio
9. Researcher who pioneered the development of type A (high achieving - multi-taskers who are always very stressed and in a hurry.) and type B (easy going relaxed and not always in a hurry.) personality types based on how well they respond to the multip
Erik Erikson
cross-sectional study
babinksi reflex
Meyer Friedman
10. Austrian neurologist who originated psychoanalysis (1856-1939); Said that human behavior is irrational; behavior is the outcome of conflict between the id (irrational unconscious driven by sexual - aggressive - and pleasure-seeking desires) and ego (
Anna Freud
Sigmund Freud
REM sleep
experimental research
11. Stages of development - Stage 7 Caring - Generativity vs. Stagnation - early forties till mid sixties / starts as the Mid-life crisis. Measure accomplishments/failures. Am I satisfied or not? The need to assist the younger generation. Stagnation is
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12. English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704)
split brain study
neuroscientist
criterion validity
John Locke
13. Observing subjects in their natural environment with no attempts at intervention on the part of the researcher.
limbic system
naturalistic observation
Hermann von Helmholtz
Lev Vygotsky
14. The study of the relationships among psychology - the nervous and endocrine systems - and the immune system.
Erik Erikson's
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
performance goals
naturalistic observation
15. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'
Erik Erikson
sociology
longitudinal study
variable ratio
16. A microscopic gap between the terminal button of one neuron and the cell membrane of another neuron
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
synaptic cleft
participant observation
naturalistic observation
17. Observation or examination of one's own mental and emotional state - mental processes - etc.; the act of looking within oneself.
cross-sectional study
introspection
sociology
Sigmund Freud
18. Stroke bottom of the foot up and across by the toes and the toes fan out
babinksi reflex
argument by evidence
corticosteriods
humanistic
19. The central focal point in the retina - around which the eye's cones cluster
external validity
Erik Erikson's
dependent variable
fovea
20. A schedule where reinforcement happens after a changing number of responses. Example gambling or sales
John Locke
corticosteriods
psychoanalysis
variable ratio
21. The appearance of things relative to one another as determined by their distance from the viewer
shizophrenia
ACTH
nonrepinephrine
linear perspective
22. The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied
Humanism
Sternberg's triangular view
independent variable
opponent-process theory
23. Focused on child psychoanalysis - fully developed defense mechanisms - emphasized importance of the ego and its constant struggle
reinforcer
Anna Freud
John Bowlby
Humanism
24. Secreted from the adrenal cortex - aids the body during stress by increasing glucose levels
Stages of Moral Development
linear perspective
cortisol
neofreudian
25. Attachment theory -
accomodation
psychological science
John Bowlby
deduction
26. Part of the cerebral cortex; coordinates messages from other cerebral lobes; involved in complex problem-solving tasks - thinking - self-control - judgment - emotion regulation - personality affects - concentration - goal directed behavior; restructu
limbic system
frontal lobe
retina
babinksi reflex
27. Stages of development - Stage 5 Fidelity - Identity vs. Role Confusion - Adolescent / 12 years till mid twenties. Questioning of self. Who am I - how do I fit in? Where am I going in life? Erikson believes that if the parents allow the child to exp
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28. (1821-1894) Emphasized a mechanistic and deterministic approach - assuming human sense organs functioned like machines - Neural Impulse: studied reaction times for sensory nerves in humans - demonstrated that speed of conduction was not instantaneous
Meyer Friedman
cognitive
Hermann von Helmholtz
displacement
29. Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions
William James
interaction
shizophrenia
psychoanalysis
30. ENCODE - STORE - RETRIEVE
sensory adaptation
Erik Erikson's
Three phases of memory process
cortisol
31. A measure of how well the variables of one test (could be personality) measure the same things as the variables of a similar test.
REM sleep
criterion validity
Jean Piaget
interaction
32. Rapid low-amplitude waves. less prevalent in adults
ACTH
corticosteriods
etiology
REM sleep
33. Any of several chemical substances - as epinephrine or acetylcholine - that transmit nerve impulses across a synapse to a postsynaptic element - as another nerve - muscle - or gland.
primary reinforcer
anonymity
William James
neurotransmitter
34. Conflict that results from having to choose between two distasteful alternatives
internal validity
fixed ratio
proactive interference
avoidance-avoidance conflict
35. Personal Construct Psychology. investigative technique - which would remove the influence of the observer's frame of reference on what was observed. he believed (personal construct theory) our personality consists of our thoughts about ourselves - in
limbic system
George Kelly
synaptic cleft
somatic nervous system
36. A 'SNAPSHOT' of a phenomenon such as cancer rate. a number of variables affect one another in a single point in time.
cross-sectional study
differentiation
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
Erik Erikson
37. Portion behind to the frontal lobe - responsible for sensations such as pain - temperature - and touch
functional MRI
Parietal lobe
John Bowlby
etiology
38. State whereby a victim forms an emotional attachment to their captors.
proactive interference
forgetting curve
interaction
Stockholm syndrome
39. Pioneer in observational learning (AKA social learning) - stated that people profit from the mistakes/successes of others; Studies: Bobo Dolls-adults demonstrated 'appropriate' play with dolls - children mimicked play
Piaget's theory of child cognitive development 4 stages
Albert Bandura
primary reinforcer
cognitive
40. Helps the body process new information by adapting to old stimuli and making space for new ones
sensory adaptation
Erik Erikson's
somatic nervous system
cerebellum
41. A negative condition is introduced to reduce a behavior.
performance goals
functionalism
negative punishment
oxytocin
42. Adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster - stopping digestion - enlarging pupils - sending sugar into the bloodstream - preparing a blood clot faster
variable ratio
proactive interference
linear perspective
epinephrine
43. Adrenal glands secerets this to activate various organs that results in a phyiscal stress response
sensory adaptation
shizophrenia
catecholamines
William James
44. The part of declarative memory that stores general information such as names and facts.
information processing theory
forgetting curve
babinksi reflex
semantic memory
45. Stages of development - Stage 8 Wisdom - Ego Integrity vs. Despair - old age / from mid sixties. Some handle death well. Some can be bitter - unhappy - and/or dissatisfied with what they have accomplished or failed to accomplish within their lifetim
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46. The adjustment of one's schemas to include newly observed events and experiences
industrial-organizational psychologist
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
accomodation
corticosteriods
47. Technique of field research - used in anthropology and sociology - by which an investigator (participant observer) studies the life of a group by sharing in its activities
William James
displacement
participant observation
accomodation
48. Present evidence to support your claims
case study
variable ratio
psychodynamic
argument by evidence
49. The portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord that perceives - gathers - interprets - and records incoming sensory information and also sends out communication destined for muscles - glands and internal organs s
concept
Erik Erikson's
accomodation
central nervous system
50. Originating in or based on observation or experience
neurotransmitter
semantic memory
empirical evidence
functional MRI