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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Intro To Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment; wrote first psychology textbook - The Principles of Psychology
babinksi reflex
William James
placebo effect
performance goals
2. Technique of field research - used in anthropology and sociology - by which an investigator (participant observer) studies the life of a group by sharing in its activities
Jean Piaget
participant observation
B.F. Skinner
nonrepinephrine
3. The 'little brain' attached to the rear of the brainstem; its functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance
cerebellum
secondary reinforcer
Three phases of memory process
forgetting curve
4. It is a collection of research designs which use manipulation and controlled testing to understand causal processes. Generally - one or more variables are manipulated to determine their effect on a dependent variable
limbic system
experimental research
behavior
Abraham Maslow
5. Goals framed in terms of increasing ones competence and skills
sympathetic nervous system
Abraham Maslow
social psychologist
mastery goals
6. The part of declarative memory that stores general information such as names and facts.
semantic memory
neuroscientist
functionalism
Erik Erikson's
7. (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that transfers affect or reaction from the original object to some more acceptable one
John Locke
displacement
Sigmund Freud
neofreudian
8. Helps the body process new information by adapting to old stimuli and making space for new ones
sensory adaptation
algorithm
clinical psychologist
Lawrence Kohlberg
9. Created the Stages of Moral Development - relied for his studies on stories such as the Heinz dilemma - and was interested in how individuals would justify their actions if placed in similar moral dilemmas
external validity
Parietal lobe
Lawrence Kohlberg
Erik Erikson's
10. Simultaneous color contrast: an effect that occurs when surrounding an area with a color changes the appearence of the surrounded area. - the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green - yellow-blue - white-black) enable color vision. For exam
opponent-process theory
reciprocal determinism
semantic memory
Humanism
11. Any clinical approach to personality - as Freud's - that sees personality as the result of a dynamic interplay of conscious and unconscious factors.
Ivan Pavlov
Three phases of memory process
semantic memory
psychodynamic
12. Rapid low-amplitude waves. less prevalent in adults
REM sleep
reciprocal determinism
Ivan Pavlov
Gordon Allport
13. The science of life or living matter in all its forms and phenomena - especially with reference to origin - growth - reproduction - structure - and behavior.
biology
fixed ratio
cross-sectional study
Ivan Pavlov
14. Sensorimotor - birth to language - Preoperational - 2-7 - Concrete Operational - 7 - 11 - Formal Operational 11 - Adult Abstract Thoughts
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15. Study of the brain interested in the biological bases of human disorders such as Parkinson's and Huntington's. Neuroscience is a branch of research that is concerned with the underlying physical changes that accompany brain disorders
neuroscientist
industrial-organizational psychologist
Erik Erikson's
central nervous system
16. A doughnut-shaped system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions such as fear and aggression and drives such as those for food and sex. Includes the hippocampus - amygdala - and hypothala
fovea
limbic system
Parietal lobe
Erik Erikson's
17. A study of an individual unit - as a person - family - or social group - usually emphasizing developmental issues and relationships with the environment - especially in order to compare a larger group to the individual unit.
dependent variable
secondary reinforcer
Erik Erikson's
case study
18. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'
internal validity
limbic system
psychodynamic
Erik Erikson
19. Goals framed in terms of performing well in front of others - being judged favorably - and avoiding criticism
placebo effect
occipital lobe
performance goals
Anna Freud
20. Stroke bottom of the foot up and across by the toes and the toes fan out
Erik Erikson's
correlation
babinksi reflex
external validity
21. A microscopic gap between the terminal button of one neuron and the cell membrane of another neuron
industrial-organizational psychologist
secondary reinforcer
shizophrenia
synaptic cleft
22. In psychoanalytic theory - the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts - feelings - and memories
Wilhelm Wundt
neuroscientist
Repression
synaptic cleft
23. Act on the immune system to suppress the body's response to infection or trauma. Relieve inflammation - reduce swelling - and suppress symptoms in acute conditions
neofreudian
deduction
cerebellum
corticosteriods
24. Austrian neurologist who originated psychoanalysis (1856-1939); Said that human behavior is irrational; behavior is the outcome of conflict between the id (irrational unconscious driven by sexual - aggressive - and pleasure-seeking desires) and ego (
Sigmund Freud
dependent variable
oxytocin
Anna Freud
25. Adrenocorticotropic hormone - produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex regulates the production of cortisol(steriod hormone) from anterior pituitary
sympathetic nervous system
ACTH
psychological science
Erik Erikson's
26. (1821-1894) Emphasized a mechanistic and deterministic approach - assuming human sense organs functioned like machines - Neural Impulse: studied reaction times for sensory nerves in humans - demonstrated that speed of conduction was not instantaneous
shizophrenia
Hermann von Helmholtz
corticosteriods
growth hormone
27. Allows researchers to scan areas of the brain while a participant performs a physical or cognitive task
semantic memory
reciprocal determinism
functional MRI
secondary reinforcer
28. State whereby a victim forms an emotional attachment to their captors.
Stockholm syndrome
criterion validity
Meyer Friedman
neurotransmitter
29. A negative condition is introduced to reduce a behavior.
George Kelly
corticosteriods
negative punishment
Hermann von Helmholtz
30. Stages of development - Stage 1 Hope - Basic Trust vs. Mistrust - Infant stage / 0-1 year. Does the child believe its caregivers to be reliable?
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31. Present evidence to support your claims
forgetting curve
Wilhelm Wundt
differentiation
argument by evidence
32. A mutual or reciprocal relationship between two or more things
fixed ratio
cortisol
correlation
Meyer Friedman
33. (psychology) a stimulus that strengthens or weakens the behavior that produced it
reinforcer
shizophrenia
differentiation
John Bowlby
34. Inferences are said to possess internal validity if a causal relation between two variables is properly demonstrated.
somatic nervous system
Jean Piaget
internal validity
Albert Bandura
35. 1896-1934; russian developmental psychologist who emphasized the role of the social environment on cognitive development and proposed the idea of zones of proximal development. GUIDED PARTICIPATION - Children's interaction with knowledgeable adults o
Lev Vygotsky
mastery goals
oxytocin
Erik Erikson's
36. A methodical - logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem
algorithm
oxytocin
retina
dependent variable
37. A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction. - lack of production is linked to Alzheimer's
acetylcholine
opponent-process theory
sensory adaptation
cross-sectional study
38. Neurotransmitter that influences voluntary movement - attention - alertness; lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson's disease; too much is linked with schizophrenia
etiology
abreaction
dopamine
Hermann von Helmholtz
39. Secreted from the adrenal cortex - aids the body during stress by increasing glucose levels
significant psychological research
CAT scan
displacement
cortisol
40. Theory states that the acquisitiion of new knowledge and behaviors is central to human development. Was a pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. he is famous fo
B.F. Skinner
performance goals
independent variable
fixed ratio
41. A theory of personality that emphasizes free will and human agency in directing personal behavior. the doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason
psychodynamic
parasympathetic nervous system
Humanism
CAT scan
42. A school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt - survive - and flourish.
Sternberg's triangular view
functionalism
absolute threshold
naturalistic observation
43. The first person to study memory scientifically and systematically; used nonsense syllables and recorded how many times he had to study a list to remember it well
Three phases of memory process
Hermann Ebbinghaus
independent variable
endorphins
44. The science that deals with the origins - physical and cultural development - biological characteristics - and social customs and beliefs of humankind.
shizophrenia
functional MRI
anthropology
Anna Freud
45. A therapist who deals with mental and emotional disorders
clinical psychologist
Lawrence Kohlberg
differentiation
humanistic
46. Any of several chemical substances - as epinephrine or acetylcholine - that transmit nerve impulses across a synapse to a postsynaptic element - as another nerve - muscle - or gland.
empirical evidence
forgetting curve
Erik Erikson's
neurotransmitter
47. A 'SNAPSHOT' of a phenomenon such as cancer rate. a number of variables affect one another in a single point in time.
Abraham Maslow
cross-sectional study
biology
concept
48. Created the 'hierarchy of needs -'--physiological needs - safety & security - love & belonging - self-esteem - self-actualization.
accomodation
Erik Erikson's
epinephrine
Abraham Maslow
49. Conflict that results from having to choose between two distasteful alternatives
reciprocal determinism
secondary reinforcer
avoidance-avoidance conflict
external validity
50. Attachment theory -
Hermann Ebbinghaus
John Bowlby
retina
correlation