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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Intro To Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (1821-1894) Emphasized a mechanistic and deterministic approach - assuming human sense organs functioned like machines - Neural Impulse: studied reaction times for sensory nerves in humans - demonstrated that speed of conduction was not instantaneous
Erik Erikson's
Hermann von Helmholtz
fovea
Stockholm syndrome
2. The cause of a disease
Hermann Ebbinghaus
shizophrenia
etiology
cortisol
3. ENCODE - STORE - RETRIEVE
cortisol
Jean Piaget
algorithm
Three phases of memory process
4. Act on the immune system to suppress the body's response to infection or trauma. Relieve inflammation - reduce swelling - and suppress symptoms in acute conditions
Erik Erikson's
corticosteriods
retina
reinforcer
5. 1896-1934; russian developmental psychologist who emphasized the role of the social environment on cognitive development and proposed the idea of zones of proximal development. GUIDED PARTICIPATION - Children's interaction with knowledgeable adults o
corticosteriods
Gordon Allport
Lev Vygotsky
primary reinforcer
6. Stages of development - Stage 8 Wisdom - Ego Integrity vs. Despair - old age / from mid sixties. Some handle death well. Some can be bitter - unhappy - and/or dissatisfied with what they have accomplished or failed to accomplish within their lifetim
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7. The first person to study memory scientifically and systematically; used nonsense syllables and recorded how many times he had to study a list to remember it well
Hermann Ebbinghaus
George Kelly
functionalism
behavior
8. Any clinical approach to personality - as Freud's - that sees personality as the result of a dynamic interplay of conscious and unconscious factors.
retina
fixed ratio
reciprocal determinism
psychodynamic
9. Theory states that the acquisitiion of new knowledge and behaviors is central to human development. Was a pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. he is famous fo
secondary reinforcer
social psychologist
B.F. Skinner
linear perspective
10. A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction. - lack of production is linked to Alzheimer's
acetylcholine
argument by evidence
catecholamines
accomodation
11. Natural - opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure
endorphins
sensory adaptation
parietal lobe
psychodynamic
12. Theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment
reciprocal determinism
Hermann Ebbinghaus
sensory adaptation
Stages of Moral Development
13. Adrenal glands secerets this to activate various organs that results in a phyiscal stress response
catecholamines
experimental research
mastery goals
synaptic cleft
14. Any of several chemical substances - as epinephrine or acetylcholine - that transmit nerve impulses across a synapse to a postsynaptic element - as another nerve - muscle - or gland.
neurotransmitter
Parietal lobe
altruism
experimental psychologist
15. Stages of development - Stage 5 Fidelity - Identity vs. Role Confusion - Adolescent / 12 years till mid twenties. Questioning of self. Who am I - how do I fit in? Where am I going in life? Erikson believes that if the parents allow the child to exp
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16. Created the 'hierarchy of needs -'--physiological needs - safety & security - love & belonging - self-esteem - self-actualization.
reinforcer
Abraham Maslow
experimental research
epinephrine
17. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation
B.F. Skinner
empirical evidence
carl jung
accomodation
18. A hormone released by the pituitary gland of the brain during childbirth - breastfeeding - and intercourse - causing emotional bonding between persons in whom it is released
oxytocin
placebo effect
endorphins
anthropology
19. The appearance of things relative to one another as determined by their distance from the viewer
negative punishment
deduction
linear perspective
Sternberg's triangular view
20. The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied
Erik Erikson's
George Kelly
accomodation
independent variable
21. The science of life or living matter in all its forms and phenomena - especially with reference to origin - growth - reproduction - structure - and behavior.
forgetting curve
biology
fixed ratio
humanistic
22. Adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster - stopping digestion - enlarging pupils - sending sugar into the bloodstream - preparing a blood clot faster
biology
catecholamines
epinephrine
Albert Bandura
23. The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body - mobilizing its energy in stressful situations. Also called a fight or flight response.
psychoanalysis
empirical evidence
placebo effect
sympathetic nervous system
24. The light-sensitive inner surface of the eye - containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information
psychodynamic
Erik Erikson's
retina
interaction
25. Substance secreted by the anterior pituitary; controls size of an individual by promoting cell division - protein synthesis - and bone growth
Jean Piaget
Erik Erikson's
Three phases of memory process
growth hormone
26. A microscopic gap between the terminal button of one neuron and the cell membrane of another neuron
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
argument by evidence
independent variable
synaptic cleft
27. Any reinforcer that becomes reinforcing after being paired with a primary reinforcer - such as praise - tokens - or gold stars
secondary reinforcer
neofreudian
deduction
catecholamines
28. A psychologist who studies sensation - perception - learning - motivation - and emotion in carefully controlled laboratory conditions
information processing theory
Erik Erikson's
anonymity
experimental psychologist
29. A systematic method of deriving conclusions that cannot be false when the premises are true - esp one amenable to formalization and study by the science of logic
Albert Bandura
Erik Erikson's
deduction
Meyer Friedman
30. A therapist who deals with mental and emotional disorders
clinical psychologist
acetylcholine
sociology
shizophrenia
31. Inferences are said to possess internal validity if a causal relation between two variables is properly demonstrated.
independent variable
internal validity
drive reduction
interaction
32. A psychologist who uses psychological concepts to make the workplace a more satisfying environment for employees and managers
industrial-organizational psychologist
introspection
external validity
algorithm
33. Created the Stages of Moral Development - relied for his studies on stories such as the Heinz dilemma - and was interested in how individuals would justify their actions if placed in similar moral dilemmas
participant observation
epinephrine
Lawrence Kohlberg
Erik Erikson's
34. Severe mental illness characterized by auditory hallucinations - paranoia and an inability to distinguish reality from fiction
John Bowlby
variable ratio
hierarchy of needs
shizophrenia
35. Maslow's pyramid of human needs - beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active - Maslow's Theory of Motivation which states that we must achiev
Erik Erikson's
hierarchy of needs
Humanism
Erik Erikson's
36. How the memory processes information - long term memory - short term memory - sensory information
information processing theory
humanistic
functionalism
negative punishment
37. Neurotransmitter that influences voluntary movement - attention - alertness; lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson's disease; too much is linked with schizophrenia
psychological science
dopamine
opponent-process theory
experimental psychologist
38. State whereby a victim forms an emotional attachment to their captors.
Stockholm syndrome
argument by evidence
John Locke
dependent variable
39. An innately reinforcing stimulus - such as one that satisfies a biological need
Stockholm syndrome
primary reinforcer
B.F. Skinner
Parietal lobe
40. Of or pertaining to the mental processes of perception - memory - judgment - and reasoning - as contrasted with emotional and volitional processes
criterion validity
accomodation
cognitive
B.F. Skinner
41. Helps the body process new information by adapting to old stimuli and making space for new ones
frontal lobe
forgetting curve
sensory adaptation
Jean Piaget
42. Physiological needs drive an organism to act in either random or habitual ways
Erik Erikson's
drive reduction
sociology
absolute threshold
43. Level 1 (Pre-Conventional) 1. Obedience and punishment orientation (How can I avoid punishment?) 2. Self-interest orientation (What's in it for me? Paying for a benefit.) - Level 2 (Conventional) 3. Interpersonal accord and conformity (Social norms -
experimental research
Stages of Moral Development
parasympathetic nervous system
Erik Erikson's
44. The quality of unselfish concern for the welfare of others
growth hormone
altruism
George Kelly
parietal lobe
45. The portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord that perceives - gathers - interprets - and records incoming sensory information and also sends out communication destined for muscles - glands and internal organs s
algorithm
central nervous system
Jean Piaget
reciprocal determinism
46. A 'SNAPSHOT' of a phenomenon such as cancer rate. a number of variables affect one another in a single point in time.
cross-sectional study
Albert Bandura
ACTH
anthropology
47. The scientific study of how we think about - influence - and relate to one another
social psychologist
Wilhelm Wundt
fovea
George Kelly
48. In psychoanalytic theory - the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts - feelings - and memories
synaptic cleft
parasympathetic nervous system
Repression
reciprocal determinism
49. Classical conditioning. trained a dog to respond to the sound of a bell by pairing it up with food.
Sternberg's triangular view
semantic memory
Ivan Pavlov
epinephrine
50. Present evidence to support your claims
argument by evidence
cerebellum
cortisol
sensory adaptation