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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Intro To Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Stages of development - Stage 2 Will - Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - Toddler stage / 1-3 years. Child needs to learn to explore the world. Bad if the parent is too smothering or completely neglectful.
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2. The cause of a disease
etiology
secondary reinforcer
growth hormone
Stages of Moral Development
3. Neurotransmitter that influences voluntary movement - attention - alertness; lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson's disease; too much is linked with schizophrenia
corticosteriods
oxytocin
dopamine
Sigmund Freud
4. Portion behind to the frontal lobe - responsible for sensations such as pain - temperature - and touch
Hermann von Helmholtz
absolute threshold
frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
5. The adjustment of one's schemas to include newly observed events and experiences
accomodation
reciprocal determinism
avoidance-avoidance conflict
REM sleep
6. Founded by Hermann Ebbinghaus. displays retention of information and forgetting over time. conclusions to this were that most forgetting happens right after learning something. this was modified to that forgetting doesn't occur that quickly if the su
forgetting curve
accomodation
variable ratio
REM sleep
7. A systematic method of deriving conclusions that cannot be false when the premises are true - esp one amenable to formalization and study by the science of logic
avoidance-avoidance conflict
cognitive
functionalism
deduction
8. Any of several chemical substances - as epinephrine or acetylcholine - that transmit nerve impulses across a synapse to a postsynaptic element - as another nerve - muscle - or gland.
Humanism
B.F. Skinner
industrial-organizational psychologist
neurotransmitter
9. Reciprocal action - effect - or influence.
interaction
central nervous system
deduction
external validity
10. Created the Stages of Moral Development - relied for his studies on stories such as the Heinz dilemma - and was interested in how individuals would justify their actions if placed in similar moral dilemmas
absolute threshold
Lawrence Kohlberg
split brain study
Hermann von Helmholtz
11. A 'SNAPSHOT' of a phenomenon such as cancer rate. a number of variables affect one another in a single point in time.
deduction
secondary reinforcer
performance goals
cross-sectional study
12. (psychology) a stimulus that strengthens or weakens the behavior that produced it
reinforcer
Meyer Friedman
Sigmund Freud
abreaction
13. The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body - mobilizing its energy in stressful situations. Also called a fight or flight response.
algorithm
sympathetic nervous system
dopamine
John Bowlby
14. A study of an individual unit - as a person - family - or social group - usually emphasizing developmental issues and relationships with the environment - especially in order to compare a larger group to the individual unit.
case study
psychoanalysis
ACTH
Anna Freud
15. Observation or examination of one's own mental and emotional state - mental processes - etc.; the act of looking within oneself.
argument by evidence
introspection
Erik Erikson's
concept
16. A therapist who deals with mental and emotional disorders
proactive interference
clinical psychologist
John Locke
Sigmund Freud
17. Originating in or based on observation or experience
accomodation
information processing theory
Erik Erikson's
empirical evidence
18. Of or pertaining to the mental processes of perception - memory - judgment - and reasoning - as contrasted with emotional and volitional processes
experimental psychologist
cognitive
frontal lobe
split brain study
19. Stroke bottom of the foot up and across by the toes and the toes fan out
Lev Vygotsky
Jean Piaget
babinksi reflex
drive reduction
20. A negative condition is introduced to reduce a behavior.
negative punishment
Lawrence Kohlberg
significant psychological research
clinical psychologist
21. Study of the brain interested in the biological bases of human disorders such as Parkinson's and Huntington's. Neuroscience is a branch of research that is concerned with the underlying physical changes that accompany brain disorders
Parietal lobe
placebo effect
correlation
neuroscientist
22. The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable
oxytocin
reciprocal determinism
occipital lobe
dependent variable
23. The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
somatic nervous system
fovea
epinephrine
24. Considered the Father of modern psychology; study of mental processes - introspection - and self-exam; established the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig - Germany
Wilhelm Wundt
anonymity
Erik Erikson's
secondary reinforcer
25. It adopts a holistic approach to human existence through investigations of meaning - values - freedom - tragedy - personal responsibility - human potential - spirituality - and self-actualization
concept
humanistic
empirical evidence
Piaget's theory of child cognitive development 4 stages
26. Situation in which previously learned information hinders the recall of information learned more recently
behavior
growth hormone
proactive interference
case study
27. The science of life or living matter in all its forms and phenomena - especially with reference to origin - growth - reproduction - structure - and behavior.
frontal lobe
functional MRI
biology
Wilhelm Wundt
28. A microscopic gap between the terminal button of one neuron and the cell membrane of another neuron
Hermann von Helmholtz
synaptic cleft
Sternberg's triangular view
somatization
29. The quality of unselfish concern for the welfare of others
split brain study
altruism
algorithm
reinforcer
30. Secreted from the adrenal cortex - aids the body during stress by increasing glucose levels
empirical evidence
cortisol
concept
experimental research
31. Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; visual areas
dopamine
occipital lobe
shizophrenia
dependent variable
32. One of the earliest psychologists in America who undertook a rigorous and structures approach to studying personality. He identified the idiographic and nomothetic views to personality.
hierarchy of needs
fovea
Gordon Allport
nonrepinephrine
33. Theory states that the acquisitiion of new knowledge and behaviors is central to human development. Was a pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. he is famous fo
B.F. Skinner
criterion validity
retina
Sternberg's triangular view
34. Severe mental illness characterized by auditory hallucinations - paranoia and an inability to distinguish reality from fiction
shizophrenia
participant observation
dependent variable
growth hormone
35. Goals framed in terms of increasing ones competence and skills
argument by evidence
external validity
mastery goals
variable ratio
36. Part of the cerebral cortex; coordinates messages from other cerebral lobes; involved in complex problem-solving tasks - thinking - self-control - judgment - emotion regulation - personality affects - concentration - goal directed behavior; restructu
industrial-organizational psychologist
neuroscientist
secondary reinforcer
frontal lobe
37. Austrian neurologist who originated psychoanalysis (1856-1939); Said that human behavior is irrational; behavior is the outcome of conflict between the id (irrational unconscious driven by sexual - aggressive - and pleasure-seeking desires) and ego (
Erik Erikson's
abreaction
Sigmund Freud
Jean Piaget
38. In psychoanalytic theory - the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts - feelings - and memories
altruism
etiology
Wilhelm Wundt
Repression
39. The aggregate (sum or assemblage of many separate units; sum total) of responses to internal and external stimuli.
behavior
psychoanalysis
independent variable
Erik Erikson's
40. Created the 'hierarchy of needs -'--physiological needs - safety & security - love & belonging - self-esteem - self-actualization.
synaptic cleft
Abraham Maslow
secondary reinforcer
central nervous system
41. The process through which the body absorbs social stress and manifests symptoms of suffering; also called embodiment
somatization
cerebellum
proactive interference
altruism
42. Personal Construct Psychology. investigative technique - which would remove the influence of the observer's frame of reference on what was observed. he believed (personal construct theory) our personality consists of our thoughts about ourselves - in
absolute threshold
George Kelly
accomodation
babinksi reflex
43. Research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period
information processing theory
Hermann Ebbinghaus
longitudinal study
argument by evidence
44. Findings that provide a multilayered - comprehensive understanding of human behavior. Ex. study of stress and human response has to be done from a biological - social and cognitive perspective.
hierarchy of needs
significant psychological research
algorithm
argument by evidence
45. A school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt - survive - and flourish.
Erik Erikson's
reciprocal determinism
catecholamines
functionalism
46. Stages of development - Stage 3 Purpose - Initiative vs. Guilt - Preschool / 3-6 years - Can the child plan or do things on his own - such as dress him or herself. If 'guilty' about making his or her own choices - the child will not function well. E
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47. Helps the body process new information by adapting to old stimuli and making space for new ones
experimental research
Anna Freud
Repression
sensory adaptation
48. The scientific study of how we think about - influence - and relate to one another
social psychologist
anthropology
linear perspective
dopamine
49. The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied
dopamine
independent variable
cortisol
somatization
50. Process in which cells become specialized in structure and function.
differentiation
John Bowlby
external validity
CAT scan