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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Intro To Psychology
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Subjects
:
clep
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A study of an individual unit - as a person - family - or social group - usually emphasizing developmental issues and relationships with the environment - especially in order to compare a larger group to the individual unit.
case study
placebo effect
psychoanalysis
Jean Piaget
2. Conflict that results from having to choose between two distasteful alternatives
avoidance-avoidance conflict
synaptic cleft
empirical evidence
Erik Erikson
3. It adopts a holistic approach to human existence through investigations of meaning - values - freedom - tragedy - personal responsibility - human potential - spirituality - and self-actualization
humanistic
information processing theory
Lawrence Kohlberg
growth hormone
4. A microscopic gap between the terminal button of one neuron and the cell membrane of another neuron
Erik Erikson's
synaptic cleft
cerebellum
Lev Vygotsky
5. Reciprocal action - effect - or influence.
interaction
psychoanalysis
sociology
shizophrenia
6. A hormone released by the pituitary gland of the brain during childbirth - breastfeeding - and intercourse - causing emotional bonding between persons in whom it is released
oxytocin
Erik Erikson's
etiology
biology
7. Goals framed in terms of increasing ones competence and skills
functional MRI
Repression
growth hormone
mastery goals
8. Simultaneous color contrast: an effect that occurs when surrounding an area with a color changes the appearence of the surrounded area. - the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green - yellow-blue - white-black) enable color vision. For exam
Three phases of memory process
opponent-process theory
neuroscientist
REM sleep
9. It is a collection of research designs which use manipulation and controlled testing to understand causal processes. Generally - one or more variables are manipulated to determine their effect on a dependent variable
Parietal lobe
proactive interference
Lev Vygotsky
experimental research
10. The process through which the body absorbs social stress and manifests symptoms of suffering; also called embodiment
synaptic cleft
somatization
Erik Erikson's
functionalism
11. The science of life or living matter in all its forms and phenomena - especially with reference to origin - growth - reproduction - structure - and behavior.
criterion validity
nonrepinephrine
biology
oxytocin
12. The extent to which data collected from a sample can be generalized to the entire population.
semantic memory
external validity
reinforcer
Hermann von Helmholtz
13. An innately reinforcing stimulus - such as one that satisfies a biological need
longitudinal study
external validity
primary reinforcer
Erik Erikson's
14. The science or study of the origin - development - organization - and functioning of human society; the science of the fundamental laws of social relations - institutions - etc.
Erik Erikson
forgetting curve
sociology
social psychologist
15. Behavioral approach - the attempt to relate overt (open to view or knowledge; not concealed or secret) responses to observable environmental stimuli (something that excites an organism or part to functional activity).
naturalistic observation
primary reinforcer
B.F. Skinner
psychological science
16. Part of the cerebral cortex; coordinates messages from other cerebral lobes; involved in complex problem-solving tasks - thinking - self-control - judgment - emotion regulation - personality affects - concentration - goal directed behavior; restructu
frontal lobe
argument by evidence
cognitive
William James
17. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'
frontal lobe
placebo effect
parasympathetic nervous system
Erik Erikson
18. Stages of development - Stage 6 Love (in intimate relationships - work and family) - Intimacy vs. Isolation - Young adult / mid twenties till early forties. Who do I want to be with or date - what am I going to do with my life? Will I settle down?
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19. A systematic method of deriving conclusions that cannot be false when the premises are true - esp one amenable to formalization and study by the science of logic
deduction
functional MRI
cognitive
growth hormone
20. The adjustment of one's schemas to include newly observed events and experiences
accomodation
Sigmund Freud
experimental psychologist
cerebellum
21. Created the Stages of Moral Development - relied for his studies on stories such as the Heinz dilemma - and was interested in how individuals would justify their actions if placed in similar moral dilemmas
negative punishment
limbic system
differentiation
Lawrence Kohlberg
22. The part of declarative memory that stores general information such as names and facts.
Lawrence Kohlberg
semantic memory
somatic nervous system
limbic system
23. Portion behind to the frontal lobe - responsible for sensations such as pain - temperature - and touch
Jean Piaget
Parietal lobe
acetylcholine
humanistic
24. Mental categories that help our brains group objects that have common properties.
dopamine
Piaget's theory of child cognitive development 4 stages
concept
external validity
25. Sensorimotor - birth to language - Preoperational - 2-7 - Concrete Operational - 7 - 11 - Formal Operational 11 - Adult Abstract Thoughts
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26. The 'little brain' attached to the rear of the brainstem; its functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance
Ivan Pavlov
cerebellum
split brain study
etiology
27. A theory of personality that emphasizes free will and human agency in directing personal behavior. the doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason
parietal lobe
functionalism
Meyer Friedman
Humanism
28. Process in which cells become specialized in structure and function.
corticosteriods
differentiation
behavior
secondary reinforcer
29. A 'SNAPSHOT' of a phenomenon such as cancer rate. a number of variables affect one another in a single point in time.
Sternberg's triangular view
argument by evidence
William James
cross-sectional study
30. Substance secreted by the anterior pituitary; controls size of an individual by promoting cell division - protein synthesis - and bone growth
frontal lobe
growth hormone
Humanism
opponent-process theory
31. Allows researchers to scan areas of the brain while a participant performs a physical or cognitive task
clinical psychologist
neurotransmitter
functional MRI
secondary reinforcer
32. Considered the Father of modern psychology; study of mental processes - introspection - and self-exam; established the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig - Germany
John Bowlby
Wilhelm Wundt
parietal lobe
case study
33. Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions
deduction
psychoanalysis
oxytocin
functional MRI
34. Classical conditioning. trained a dog to respond to the sound of a bell by pairing it up with food.
Sigmund Freud
Ivan Pavlov
somatic nervous system
dopamine
35. Act on the immune system to suppress the body's response to infection or trauma. Relieve inflammation - reduce swelling - and suppress symptoms in acute conditions
corticosteriods
Erik Erikson's
cross-sectional study
Gordon Allport
36. Adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster - stopping digestion - enlarging pupils - sending sugar into the bloodstream - preparing a blood clot faster
epinephrine
displacement
George Kelly
ACTH
37. Founded by Hermann Ebbinghaus. displays retention of information and forgetting over time. conclusions to this were that most forgetting happens right after learning something. this was modified to that forgetting doesn't occur that quickly if the su
Lev Vygotsky
anthropology
forgetting curve
Erik Erikson's
38. Portion posterior to the frontal lobe - responsible for sensations such as pain - temperature - and touch
Erik Erikson's
synaptic cleft
parietal lobe
experimental psychologist
39. State whereby a victim forms an emotional attachment to their captors.
participant observation
Stockholm syndrome
social psychologist
neofreudian
40. (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that transfers affect or reaction from the original object to some more acceptable one
absolute threshold
ACTH
displacement
Albert Bandura
41. A mutual or reciprocal relationship between two or more things
correlation
industrial-organizational psychologist
argument by evidence
etiology
42. Stages of development - Stage 4 Competence - Industry vs. Inferiority - School-age / 6-11. Child comparing self worth to others (such as in a classroom environment). Child can recognize major disparities in personal abilities relative to other chil
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43. Observation or examination of one's own mental and emotional state - mental processes - etc.; the act of looking within oneself.
introspection
cerebellum
Hermann Ebbinghaus
abreaction
44. Of or pertaining to the mental processes of perception - memory - judgment - and reasoning - as contrasted with emotional and volitional processes
biology
John Locke
cognitive
parasympathetic nervous system
45. English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704)
neofreudian
John Locke
somatic nervous system
Stages of Moral Development
46. Adrenal glands secerets this to activate various organs that results in a phyiscal stress response
catecholamines
neurotransmitter
opponent-process theory
Erik Erikson's
47. Findings that provide a multilayered - comprehensive understanding of human behavior. Ex. study of stress and human response has to be done from a biological - social and cognitive perspective.
significant psychological research
deduction
somatization
participant observation
48. Stages of development - Stage 7 Caring - Generativity vs. Stagnation - early forties till mid sixties / starts as the Mid-life crisis. Measure accomplishments/failures. Am I satisfied or not? The need to assist the younger generation. Stagnation is
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49. Severe mental illness characterized by auditory hallucinations - paranoia and an inability to distinguish reality from fiction
dependent variable
displacement
Jean Piaget
shizophrenia
50. Stages of development - Stage 8 Wisdom - Ego Integrity vs. Despair - old age / from mid sixties. Some handle death well. Some can be bitter - unhappy - and/or dissatisfied with what they have accomplished or failed to accomplish within their lifetim
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