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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Intro To Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A schedule where reinforcement happens after a changing number of responses. Example gambling or sales
humanistic
variable ratio
somatization
negative punishment
2. The light-sensitive inner surface of the eye - containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information
sympathetic nervous system
B.F. Skinner
retina
neofreudian
3. Stages of development - Stage 4 Competence - Industry vs. Inferiority - School-age / 6-11. Child comparing self worth to others (such as in a classroom environment). Child can recognize major disparities in personal abilities relative to other chil
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4. The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable
Piaget's theory of child cognitive development 4 stages
Parietal lobe
cognitive
dependent variable
5. (psychology) a stimulus that strengthens or weakens the behavior that produced it
split brain study
shizophrenia
etiology
reinforcer
6. Any reinforcer that becomes reinforcing after being paired with a primary reinforcer - such as praise - tokens - or gold stars
case study
variable ratio
Hermann von Helmholtz
secondary reinforcer
7. The quality of unselfish concern for the welfare of others
split brain study
negative punishment
altruism
John Bowlby
8. The science or study of the origin - development - organization - and functioning of human society; the science of the fundamental laws of social relations - institutions - etc.
drive reduction
performance goals
ACTH
sociology
9. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'
interaction
Repression
Erik Erikson
secondary reinforcer
10. Of or pertaining to the mental processes of perception - memory - judgment - and reasoning - as contrasted with emotional and volitional processes
cognitive
independent variable
deduction
experimental psychologist
11. Level 1 (Pre-Conventional) 1. Obedience and punishment orientation (How can I avoid punishment?) 2. Self-interest orientation (What's in it for me? Paying for a benefit.) - Level 2 (Conventional) 3. Interpersonal accord and conformity (Social norms -
cortisol
reinforcer
semantic memory
Stages of Moral Development
12. The 'little brain' attached to the rear of the brainstem; its functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance
case study
cerebellum
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
criterion validity
13. Reciprocal action - effect - or influence.
carl jung
interaction
participant observation
William James
14. The denial of any power or moral value superior to that of humanity; the rejection of religion in favour of a belief in the advancement of humanity by its own efforts
behavior
cortisol
concept
Humanism
15. A theory of personality that emphasizes free will and human agency in directing personal behavior. the doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason
accomodation
argument by evidence
Humanism
John Locke
16. Part of the cerebral cortex; coordinates messages from other cerebral lobes; involved in complex problem-solving tasks - thinking - self-control - judgment - emotion regulation - personality affects - concentration - goal directed behavior; restructu
catecholamines
John Locke
frontal lobe
cerebellum
17. An innately reinforcing stimulus - such as one that satisfies a biological need
neurotransmitter
forgetting curve
primary reinforcer
Lawrence Kohlberg
18. A doughnut-shaped system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions such as fear and aggression and drives such as those for food and sex. Includes the hippocampus - amygdala - and hypothala
fixed ratio
limbic system
performance goals
Erik Erikson's
19. Classical conditioning. trained a dog to respond to the sound of a bell by pairing it up with food.
longitudinal study
concept
Ivan Pavlov
absolute threshold
20. A hormone released by the pituitary gland of the brain during childbirth - breastfeeding - and intercourse - causing emotional bonding between persons in whom it is released
oxytocin
cross-sectional study
Parietal lobe
reinforcer
21. ENCODE - STORE - RETRIEVE
Three phases of memory process
dopamine
dependent variable
concept
22. A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction. - lack of production is linked to Alzheimer's
split brain study
occipital lobe
acetylcholine
functional MRI
23. Stages of development - Stage 1 Hope - Basic Trust vs. Mistrust - Infant stage / 0-1 year. Does the child believe its caregivers to be reliable?
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24. A negative condition is introduced to reduce a behavior.
negative punishment
cortisol
Abraham Maslow
criterion validity
25. The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body - mobilizing its energy in stressful situations. Also called a fight or flight response.
sympathetic nervous system
clinical psychologist
psychoanalysis
William James
26. State whereby a victim forms an emotional attachment to their captors.
Stockholm syndrome
Piaget's theory of child cognitive development 4 stages
Stages of Moral Development
Humanism
27. The adjustment of one's schemas to include newly observed events and experiences
accomodation
negative punishment
Lev Vygotsky
cerebellum
28. The extent to which data collected from a sample can be generalized to the entire population.
Humanism
epinephrine
William James
external validity
29. Founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment; wrote first psychology textbook - The Principles of Psychology
acetylcholine
forgetting curve
William James
Three phases of memory process
30. Behavioral approach - the attempt to relate overt (open to view or knowledge; not concealed or secret) responses to observable environmental stimuli (something that excites an organism or part to functional activity).
industrial-organizational psychologist
fixed ratio
psychological science
dopamine
31. Study of the brain interested in the biological bases of human disorders such as Parkinson's and Huntington's. Neuroscience is a branch of research that is concerned with the underlying physical changes that accompany brain disorders
semantic memory
altruism
Piaget's theory of child cognitive development 4 stages
neuroscientist
32. The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body - conserving its energy.
central nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
linear perspective
carl jung
33. Neurotransmitter that influences voluntary movement - attention - alertness; lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson's disease; too much is linked with schizophrenia
Erik Erikson's
Erik Erikson's
REM sleep
dopamine
34. The first person to study memory scientifically and systematically; used nonsense syllables and recorded how many times he had to study a list to remember it well
somatization
negative punishment
industrial-organizational psychologist
Hermann Ebbinghaus
35. Observation or examination of one's own mental and emotional state - mental processes - etc.; the act of looking within oneself.
psychoanalysis
ACTH
introspection
absolute threshold
36. Allows researchers to scan areas of the brain while a participant performs a physical or cognitive task
endorphins
displacement
Ivan Pavlov
functional MRI
37. Founded by Hermann Ebbinghaus. displays retention of information and forgetting over time. conclusions to this were that most forgetting happens right after learning something. this was modified to that forgetting doesn't occur that quickly if the su
Erik Erikson's
catecholamines
accomodation
forgetting curve
38. Stroke bottom of the foot up and across by the toes and the toes fan out
Repression
babinksi reflex
catecholamines
somatic nervous system
39. Physiological needs drive an organism to act in either random or habitual ways
abreaction
drive reduction
anthropology
Sternberg's triangular view
40. A study of an individual unit - as a person - family - or social group - usually emphasizing developmental issues and relationships with the environment - especially in order to compare a larger group to the individual unit.
acetylcholine
case study
Erik Erikson's
Meyer Friedman
41. Austrian neurologist who originated psychoanalysis (1856-1939); Said that human behavior is irrational; behavior is the outcome of conflict between the id (irrational unconscious driven by sexual - aggressive - and pleasure-seeking desires) and ego (
Sigmund Freud
participant observation
Hermann von Helmholtz
Piaget's theory of child cognitive development 4 stages
42. Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition - which is assumed to be an active agent
proactive interference
placebo effect
cerebellum
reinforcer
43. Simultaneous color contrast: an effect that occurs when surrounding an area with a color changes the appearence of the surrounded area. - the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green - yellow-blue - white-black) enable color vision. For exam
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
concept
opponent-process theory
shizophrenia
44. The scientific study of how we think about - influence - and relate to one another
babinksi reflex
Parietal lobe
social psychologist
Anna Freud
45. A methodical - logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem
Anna Freud
algorithm
fovea
empirical evidence
46. Adrenal glands secerets this to activate various organs that results in a phyiscal stress response
displacement
forgetting curve
interaction
catecholamines
47. Describes a schedule of reinforcement wherein a worker is paid for a certain sum for each product produced
fixed ratio
corticosteriods
avoidance-avoidance conflict
somatic nervous system
48. A psychologist who studies sensation - perception - learning - motivation - and emotion in carefully controlled laboratory conditions
synaptic cleft
experimental psychologist
algorithm
limbic system
49. The part of declarative memory that stores general information such as names and facts.
semantic memory
Ivan Pavlov
synaptic cleft
Three phases of memory process
50. (1821-1894) Emphasized a mechanistic and deterministic approach - assuming human sense organs functioned like machines - Neural Impulse: studied reaction times for sensory nerves in humans - demonstrated that speed of conduction was not instantaneous
Hermann von Helmholtz
epinephrine
cognitive
Erik Erikson's