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CLEP Intro To Psychology

Subjects : clep, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The appearance of things relative to one another as determined by their distance from the viewer






2. The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied






3. The 'little brain' attached to the rear of the brainstem; its functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance






4. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'






5. (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that transfers affect or reaction from the original object to some more acceptable one






6. A systematic method of deriving conclusions that cannot be false when the premises are true - esp one amenable to formalization and study by the science of logic






7. The aggregate (sum or assemblage of many separate units; sum total) of responses to internal and external stimuli.






8. The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body - mobilizing its energy in stressful situations. Also called a fight or flight response.






9. A microscopic gap between the terminal button of one neuron and the cell membrane of another neuron






10. Situation in which previously learned information hinders the recall of information learned more recently






11. The central focal point in the retina - around which the eye's cones cluster






12. Theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment






13. The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable






14. Stages of development - Stage 5 Fidelity - Identity vs. Role Confusion - Adolescent / 12 years till mid twenties. Questioning of self. Who am I - how do I fit in? Where am I going in life? Erikson believes that if the parents allow the child to exp

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15. Reciprocal action - effect - or influence.






16. The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body - conserving its energy.






17. A mutual or reciprocal relationship between two or more things






18. Neurotransmitter that influences voluntary movement - attention - alertness; lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson's disease; too much is linked with schizophrenia






19. Any reinforcer that becomes reinforcing after being paired with a primary reinforcer - such as praise - tokens - or gold stars






20. Abbreviation for computerized axial tomography - uses a computer and a rotating x-ray device to create detailed - cross-sectional images - or slices - of organs and body parts






21. Of or pertaining to the mental processes of perception - memory - judgment - and reasoning - as contrasted with emotional and volitional processes






22. Allows researchers to scan areas of the brain while a participant performs a physical or cognitive task






23. Created the Stages of Moral Development - relied for his studies on stories such as the Heinz dilemma - and was interested in how individuals would justify their actions if placed in similar moral dilemmas






24. An innately reinforcing stimulus - such as one that satisfies a biological need






25. The adjustment of one's schemas to include newly observed events and experiences






26. Pioneer in observational learning (AKA social learning) - stated that people profit from the mistakes/successes of others; Studies: Bobo Dolls-adults demonstrated 'appropriate' play with dolls - children mimicked play






27. A methodical - logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem






28. Classical conditioning. trained a dog to respond to the sound of a bell by pairing it up with food.






29. Physiological needs drive an organism to act in either random or habitual ways






30. A psychologist who studies sensation - perception - learning - motivation - and emotion in carefully controlled laboratory conditions






31. Conflict that results from having to choose between two distasteful alternatives






32. Attachment theory -






33. The study of the relationships among psychology - the nervous and endocrine systems - and the immune system.






34. How the memory processes information - long term memory - short term memory - sensory information






35. English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704)






36. One of the earliest psychologists in America who undertook a rigorous and structures approach to studying personality. He identified the idiographic and nomothetic views to personality.






37. Founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment; wrote first psychology textbook - The Principles of Psychology






38. Describes a schedule of reinforcement wherein a worker is paid for a certain sum for each product produced






39. Created the 'hierarchy of needs -'--physiological needs - safety & security - love & belonging - self-esteem - self-actualization.






40. Any clinical approach to personality - as Freud's - that sees personality as the result of a dynamic interplay of conscious and unconscious factors.






41. It is a collection of research designs which use manipulation and controlled testing to understand causal processes. Generally - one or more variables are manipulated to determine their effect on a dependent variable






42. A hormone released by the pituitary gland of the brain during childbirth - breastfeeding - and intercourse - causing emotional bonding between persons in whom it is released






43. A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction. - lack of production is linked to Alzheimer's






44. Mental categories that help our brains group objects that have common properties.






45. Stages of development - Stage 3 Purpose - Initiative vs. Guilt - Preschool / 3-6 years - Can the child plan or do things on his own - such as dress him or herself. If 'guilty' about making his or her own choices - the child will not function well. E

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46. Present evidence to support your claims






47. Stroke bottom of the foot up and across by the toes and the toes fan out






48. The lowest level of stimulation that a person can detect






49. (1821-1894) Emphasized a mechanistic and deterministic approach - assuming human sense organs functioned like machines - Neural Impulse: studied reaction times for sensory nerves in humans - demonstrated that speed of conduction was not instantaneous






50. A psychologist who uses psychological concepts to make the workplace a more satisfying environment for employees and managers